D-01-11 3 P.T.O.

SECTION – I

ÜÖÓ› – I

Note : This section consists of two essay type questions of twenty (20) marks each, to be

answered in about five hundred (500) words each. (2 ×× 20 = 40 marks)

®ÖÖê™ : ‡ÃÖ ÜÖÓ› ´Öë ²ÖßÃÖ-²ÖßÃÖ †ÓÛ Öë Ûê ¤Öê ×®Ö²Ö®¬ÖÖŸ´ÖÛ ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö Æï … ¯ÖÏŸµÖêÛ Û Ö ˆ¢Ö¸ »ÖÝÖ³ÖÝÖ ¯ÖÖÑ“Ö ÃÖÖî (500) ¿Ö²¤Öë ´Öë †¯Öê×õÖŸÖ Æî … (2 × 20 = 40 †ÓÛ )

1. What is meant by the concept of inclusive growth ? Examine the success of

Government’s economic policies in achieving the objective of inclusive growth in

India.

ÃÖ´ÖÖ¾Öê×¿ÖŸÖ ×¾ÖÛ ÖÃÖ Û ß †¾Ö¬ÖÖ¸ÞÖÖ ÃÖê ŒµÖÖ †×³Ö¯ÖÏÖµÖ Æî ? ³ÖÖ¸ŸÖ ´Öë ÃÖ´ÖÖ¾Öê×¿ÖŸÖ ×¾ÖÛ ÖÃÖ Ûê ˆ§ê¿µÖ Û Öê ¯ÖÏÖ¯ŸÖ Û ¸®Öê ´Öë ÃÖ¸Û Ö¸ Û ß †ÖÙ£ÖÛ ®ÖßןֵÖÖë Û ß ÃÖ± »ÖŸÖÖ Û Ö ´Ö滵ÖÖÓÛ ®Ö Û ßו֋ …

OR / †£Ö¾ÖÖ ‘Development of Infrastructure is prerequisite for speedy economic development.’

Discuss in the context of Indian experience.

‘ŸÖß¾ÖΟÖÖ¯ÖæÞÖÔ †ÖÙ£ÖÛ ×¾ÖÛ ÖÃÖ Ûê ×»Ö‹ ´Öæ»Ö³ÖæŸÖ œÖÑ“Öê Û Ö ×¾ÖÛ ÖÃÖ ¯Öæ¾ÖÖÔ¯Öê×õÖŸÖ Æî …’ ³ÖÖ¸ŸÖßµÖ †®Öã³Ö¾Ö Ûê ¯ÖÏÃÖÓÝÖ ´Öë “Ö“ÖÖÔ Û ßו֋ …

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D-01-11 7 P.T.O.

2. Discuss the various developmental issues in the context of debate between developed

and developing countries pertaining to global warming.

¾Öî׿¾ÖÛ ‰ ´ÖßÛ ¸ÞÖ Ûê ÃÖ´²Ö®¬Ö ´Öë ×¾ÖÛ ×ÃÖŸÖ ‹¾ÖÓ ×¾ÖÛ ÖÃÖ¿Öᯙ ¤ê¿ÖÖë Ûê ²Öß“Ö “Ö»Ö ¸Æê ×¾Ö¾ÖÖ¤ Ûê ÃÖÓ¤³ÖÔ ´Öë ×¾Ö׳֮®Ö ×¾ÖÛ ÖÃÖÖŸ´ÖÛ ÃÖ´ÖõÖÖ†Öë Û Ö ×¾Ö¾Öê“Ö®Ö Û ßו֋ …

OR / †£Ö¾ÖÖ Critically examine the performance of the organised industrial sector in India since

the Economic Reforms of 1991 with respect to employment generation.

1991 Ûê †ÖÙ£ÖÛ ÃÖã¬ÖÖ¸Öë Ûê ÃÖ´ÖµÖ ÃÖê ³ÖÖ¸ŸÖ Ûê ÃÖÓÝÖךŸÖ †ÖîªÖê×ÝÖÛ õÖê¡Ö Ûê ×®Ö¯ÖÖ¤®Ö Û Ö †Ö»ÖÖê“Ö®ÖÖŸ´ÖÛ ´Ö滵ÖÖÓÛ ®Ö Û ßו֋ …

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D-01-11 11 P.T.O.

SECTION – II

ÜÖÓ› – II

Note : This section contains three (3) questions. From each of the electives/specializations,

the candidate has to choose only one elective/specialization and answer all the three

questions contained therein. Each question carries fifteen (15) marks and is to be

answered in about three hundred (300) words. (3 × 15 = 45 Marks)

®ÖÖê™ : ‡ÃÖ ÜÖÓ› ´Öë ¯ÖÏŸµÖêÛ ‹êד”Û ‡Û Ö‡Ô / ×¾Ö¿ÖêÂÖ–ÖŸÖÖ ÃÖê ŸÖß®Ö (3) ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö Æï … †³µÖ£Öá Û Öê Ûê ¾Ö»Ö ‹Û ‹êד”Û ‡Û Ö‡Ô / ×¾Ö¿ÖêÂÖ–ÖŸÖÖ Û Öê “Öã®ÖÛ ¸ ˆÃÖß Ûê ŸÖß®ÖÖë ¯ÖÏ¿®ÖÖë Ûê ˆ¢Ö¸ ¤ê®Öê Æï … ¯ÖÏŸµÖêÛ ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö ¯Ö®¦Æ (15) †ÓÛ Öë Û Ö Æî ¾Ö ˆÃÖÛ Ö ˆ¢Ö¸ »ÖÝÖ³ÖÝÖ ŸÖß®Ö ÃÖÖî (300) ¿Ö²¤Öë ´Öë †¯Öê×õÖŸÖ Æî … (3 × 15 = 45 †ÓÛ )

Elective – I / ×¾ÖÛ »¯Ö – I

3. Outline Koyck’s distributed lag model. Explain briefly Adaptive Expectations and

Partial Adjustment Models as rationalisations of the Koyck Model. Also state

estimation problems involved in this model.

Û Öê‡Û Ûê ‘×›Ã™Òß²µÖæ™ê› »ÖîÝÖ ´ÖÖò›»Ö’ Û ß º ¯Ö êÜÖÖ ¯ÖÏßÖãŸÖ Û ßו֋ … ÃÖÓõÖê¯Ö ´Öë Û Öê‡Û ´ÖÖò›»Ö Ûê †Öîד֟µÖßÛ ¸ÞÖ Ûê º ¯Ö ´Öë †®ÖãÛæ ×»ÖŸÖ †¯ÖêõÖÖ ‹¾ÖÓ †ÖÓ׿ÖÛ ÃÖ´ÖÖµÖÖê•Ö®Ö ´ÖÖò›»Ö Û ß ¾µÖÖܵÖÖ ¤ßו֋ … ‡ÃÖ ´ÖÖò›»Ö ´Öë †×³Ö¯ÖÏêŸÖ †ÖÛ »Ö®Ö ÃÖ´ÖõÖÖ†Öë Û Ö ×¾Ö¾Ö¸ÞÖ ¤ßו֋ …

4. State Order and Rank conditions for identification in a simultaneous equations

system. Consider the identification of equations in the following demand and supply

model for money :

Md

t = β0 + β1 Yt + β2 Rt + β3 Pt + µ1t

Ms

t = α0 + α1 Yt + µ2t

Which method would you use to estimate the parameters of the identified equations ?

Why ?

µÖãÝÖ¯Ö¤ ÃÖ´ÖßÛ ¸ÞÖ ¯ÖÏÞÖÖ»Öß Û ß †×³Ö–ÖêµÖŸÖÖ Û ß Û Öê×™ †Öî¸ ÛÎ ´Ö Û ß ¿ÖŸÖÖí Û Ö ×¾Ö¾Ö¸ÞÖ ¤ßו֋ … ´Öã¦Ö Ûê ´ÖÖÑÝÖ †Öî¸ †Ö¯ÖæÙŸÖ Ûê ×®Ö´®Ö ´ÖÖò›»Ö ´Öë ÃÖ´ÖßÛ ¸ÞÖÖë Û ß †×³Ö–ÖêµÖŸÖÖ Û ß ¯ÖÆ“ÖÖ®Ö Û ßו֋ …

Md

t = β0 + β1 Yt + β2 Rt + β3 Pt + µ1t

Ms

t = α0 + α1 Yt + µ2t

†×³Ö–ÖêµÖ ÃÖ´ÖßÛ ¸ÞÖÖë Ûê ´ÖÖ¯ÖÛ Öë Û Ö †ÖÛ »Ö®Ö ×Û ÃÖ ¯Ö¨×ŸÖ ÃÖê Û ¸ëÝÖê ? ŒµÖÖë ?

5. Define ‘Stationary’ and ‘non-stationary’ stochastic processes. Explain unit root test.

†“Ö»Ö †Öî ÝÖî¸ †“Ö»Ö µÖ֥ד”Û ¯ÖÏ×ÛÎ µÖÖ†Öë Û Öê ¯Ö׸³ÖÖ×ÂÖŸÖ Û ßו֋ … µÖæ×®Ö™ º ™ ™êÙ Û Öê ïÖ™ Û ßו֋ …

Elective – II / ×¾ÖÛ »¯Ö – II

3. Discuss Cournot’s model of duopoly. How Stachelberg model is an improvement

over Cournot’s model ? Discuss.

Ûæ ®ÖÖì™ Ûê ׫׬ÖÛ Ö¸ ´ÖÖò›»Ö Û ß ×¾Ö¾Öê“Ö®ÖÖ Û ßו֋ … ÙêÛ »Ö²ÖÝÖÔ Û Ö ´ÖÖò›»Ö Ûæ ®ÖÖì™ Ûê ´ÖÖò›»Ö ´Öë ŒµÖÖ ÃÖã¬ÖÖ¸ »ÖÖŸÖÖ Æî ? “Ö“ÖÖÔ Û ßו֋ …

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D-01-11 12

4. Explain the use of Linear Programming in Economic Analysis. In this context explain

the economic interpretation of Dual Linear Programming solution, taking a simple

resource allocation problem of a firm as an example.

†ÖÙ£ÖÛ ×¾Ö¿»ÖêÂÖÞÖ ´Öë ¸î×ÜÖÛ †ÖµÖÖê•Ö®Ö Ûê ˆ¯ÖµÖÖêÝÖ Û Öê ïÖ™ Û ßו֋ … ‹Û ± ´ÖÔ ×•ÖÃÖê ÃÖÖ´ÖÖ®µÖ ÃÖÖ¬Ö®Ö-ÄÖÖêŸÖ ×®ÖµÖŸÖ®Ö Û ß ÃÖ´ÖõÖÖ Æî, ˆÃÖÛ Ö ˆ¤ÖƸÞÖ »ÖêŸÖê Æã‹ ‡ÃÖ ÃÖÓ¤³ÖÔ ´Öë ׫-†×¬ÖÛ Ö¸ †ÖµÖÖê•Ö®Ö Æ»Ö Û ß ´Öß´ÖÖÓÃÖÖ Û ßו֋ …

5. Discuss the main features of Kaldor’s model of Economic Growth.

Û Ö»Ö›Öê¸ Ûê †ÖÙ£ÖÛ ×¾ÖÛ ÖÃÖ ´ÖÖò›»Ö Ûê ´ÖãÜµÖ †ÓÝÖÖë Û ß ×¾Ö¾Öê“Ö®ÖÖ Û ßו֋ …

Elective – III / ×¾ÖÛ »¯Ö – III

3. Explain the significance of multilateral trading agreements as a move towards free

trade.

´ÖãŒŸÖ ¾µÖÖ¯ÖÖ¸ Û ß ×¤¿ÖÖ ´Öë ²ÖÆã-¯ÖÖÙ¿¾ÖÛ ¾µÖÖ¯ÖÖ×¸Û ‡Û ¸Ö¸®ÖÖ´ÖÖë Ûê ´ÖÆ¢¾Ö Û ß ×¾Ö¾Öê“Ö®ÖÖ Û ßו֋ …

4. What is meant by international debt crisis ? Explain the factors responsible for the

international debt crisis in the recent past.

†®ŸÖ¸ÖÔ™ÒßµÖ Š ÞÖ ÃÖÓÛ ™ ÃÖê ŒµÖÖ †×³Ö¯ÖÏÖµÖ Æî ? ׯ֔»Öê Ûã ” ÃÖ´ÖµÖ ´Öë †®ŸÖ¸ÖÔ™ÒßµÖ Š ÞÖ ÃÖÓÛ ™ Ûê ×»Ö‹ ˆ¢Ö¸¤ÖµÖß Û Ö¸Û Öë Û Öê ïÖ™ Û ßו֋ …

5. Define the term equilibrium foreign exchange rate. Discuss foreign exchange

arbitrage and covered interest arbitrage.

ÃÖÓŸÖã×»ÖŸÖ ×¾Ö¤ê¿Öß ×¾Ö×®Ö´ÖµÖ ¤¸ Û ß ¯Ö׸³ÖÖÂÖÖ ¤ßו֋ … ×¾Ö¤ê¿Öß ×¾Ö×®Ö´ÖµÖ Û Ö ÛÎ µÖ-×¾ÖÛÎ µÖ ŸÖ£ÖÖ †Ö¾ÖéŸÖ ²µÖÖ•Ö ÛÎ µÖ-×¾ÖÛÎ µÖ Û ß “Ö“ÖÖÔ Û ßו֋ …

Elective – IV / ×¾ÖÛ »¯Ö – IV

3. Critically discuss the trends in productivity of food crops during the last two decades.

ׯ֔»Öê ¤Öê ¤¿ÖÛ Öë ´Öë ÜÖÖªÖ®®ÖÖë Û ß ˆŸ¯ÖÖ¤Û ŸÖÖ Ûê ¹ —ÖÖ®ÖÖë Û Öê †Ö»ÖÖê“Ö®ÖÖŸ´ÖÛ œÓÝÖ ÃÖê ïÖ™ Û ßו֋ …

4. Examine the role of co-operative credit institutions in providing credit for the

development of Indian agricultural sector.

³ÖÖ¸ŸÖßµÖ Ûé ×ÂÖ õÖê¡Ö Ûê ×¾ÖÛ ÖÃÖ Ûê ×»Ö‹ Š ÞÖ ¤ê®Öê ´Öë ÃÖÆÛ Ö¸ß Š ÞÖ ÃÖÓãÖÖ®ÖÖë Û ß ŒµÖÖ ³Öæ×´ÖÛ Ö Æî ?

5. “Agriculture always remains on top of Agenda in the W.T.O. meetings.” – Elucidate.

“Ûé ×ÂÖ ÃÖ¤î¾Ö ×¾Ö¿¾Ö ¾µÖÖ¯ÖÖ¸ ÃÖÓÝÖš®Ö Û ß ´ÖßØ™ÝÖÖë ´Öë ¿ÖßÂÖÔ ‹•ÖêÞ›ê ¯Ö¸ ¸ÆŸÖÖ Æî …” – ïÖ™ Û ßו֋ …

Elective – V / ×¾ÖÛ »¯Ö – V

3. Suggest suitable measures for Indian agriculture to attain W.T.O. standards.

³ÖÖ¸ŸÖßµÖ Ûé ×ÂÖ Û Öê ×¾Ö¿¾Ö ¾µÖÖ¯ÖÖ¸ ÃÖÓÝÖš®Ö Ûê ´ÖÖ®ÖÛ Öë ŸÖÛ ¯ÖÆãÑ“ÖÖ®Öê Ûê ×»Ö‹ ˆ¯ÖµÖãŒŸÖ œÓÝÖÖë Û Ö ÃÖã—ÖÖ¾Ö ¤ßו֋ …

4. “Women empowerment is an important pre-requisite for an overall economic

development.” Discuss.

“´Ö×Æ»ÖÖ ÃÖ¿Ö׌ŸÖÛ ¸ÞÖ ÃÖ´ÖÝÖÏ †ÖÙ£ÖÛ ×¾ÖÛ ÖÃÖ Ûê ×»Ö‹ ¯Öæ¾ÖÖÔ¯Öê×õÖŸÖ Æî …” ïÖ™ Û ßו֋ …

5. “Fiscal Reforms in India are far from practical applicability.” – Illustrate your answer

with respect to Goods and Services Tax (G.S.T.).

“³ÖÖ¸ŸÖ Ûê ×¾Ö¢ÖßµÖ ÃÖã¬ÖÖ¸ ¾µÖÖ¾ÖÆÖ×¸Û ˆ¯ÖµÖ㌟֟ÖÖ ÃÖê ²ÖÆãŸÖ ¤æ¸ Æï …” – †¯Ö®Öê ˆ¢Ö¸ ´Öë ÃÖÖ´ÖÝÖÏß ŸÖ£ÖÖ ÃÖê¾ÖÖ-Û ¸ (•Öß.‹ÃÖ.™ß.) ÃÖê ˆ¤ÖƸÞÖ ¤ßו֋ …

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D-01-11 20

SECTION – III

ÜÖÓ› ü – III

Note : This section contains nine (9) questions of ten (10) marks each, each to be answered

in about fifty (50) words. (9 × 10 = 90 Marks)

®ÖÖê™ : ‡ÃÖ ÜÖÓ› ´Öë ¤ÃÖ-¤ÃÖ (10-10) †ÓÛ Öë Ûê ®ÖÖî (9) ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö Æï … ¯ÖÏŸµÖêÛ ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö Û Ö ˆ¢Ö¸ »ÖÝÖ³ÖÝÖ ¯Ö“ÖÖÃÖ (50) ¿Ö²¤Öë ´Öë

†¯Öê×õÖŸÖ Æî … (9 × 10 = 90 †Ó� )

6. Define ‘diamond-water’ paradox with respect to utility and scarcity.

ˆ¯ÖµÖÖê×ÝÖŸÖÖ †Öî¸ ¤ã»ÖÔ³ÖŸÖÖ Ûê ¯ÖÏÃÖÓÝÖ ´Öë ‘Æ߸Ö-•Ö»Ö’ Ûê ×¾Ö¸Öê¬ÖÖ³ÖÖÃÖ Û Öê ¯Ö׸³ÖÖ×ÂÖŸÖ Û ßו֋ …

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D-01-11 21 P.T.O.

7. Distinguish between short-run and long-run laws of production. Explain graphically

long-run laws of production using isoquants.

ˆŸ¯ÖÖ¤®Ö Ûê †»¯ÖÛ Ö»Öß †Öî ¤ß‘ÖÔÛ Ö»Öß ×¾Ö׬ֵÖÖë ´Öë †®ŸÖ¸ Û ßו֋ … ÃÖ´Ö ˆŸ¯ÖÖ¤ ¾ÖÛÎ Û Ö ¯ÖϵÖÖêÝÖ Û ¸ŸÖê Æã‹ ¸êÜÖÖ ×“Ö¡Ö «Ö¸Ö ˆŸ¯ÖÖ¤ Ûê ¤ß‘ÖÔÛ Ö»Öß ×¾Ö׬ֵÖÖë Û Öê ïÖ™ Û ßו֋ …

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8. Explain the effectiveness of repo rate and reverse repo rate in curbing inflationary

pressures in Indian Economy.

³ÖÖ¸ŸÖßµÖ †ÖÙ£ÖÛ ŸÖÖ ´Öë ñ ß×ŸÖ ¤²ÖÖ¾Ö Û Öê ¸ÖêÛ ®Öê ´Öë ׸¯ÖÖê ê™ †Öî¸ ×¸¾ÖÃÖÔ ×¸¯ÖÖê ê™ Ûê ¯ÖϳÖÖ¾Ö Û Öê ïÖ™ Û ßו֋ …

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9. What is relevance of human development index to the developing countries ?

×¾ÖÛ ÖÃÖ¿Öᯙ ¤ê¿ÖÖë Ûê ×»Ö‹ ´ÖÖ®Ö¾ÖßµÖ ×¾ÖÛ ÖÃÖ ÃÖæ“ÖÛ ÖÓÛ Û ß ŒµÖÖ ¯ÖÏÖÃÖÓ×ÝÖÛ ŸÖÖ Æî ?

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D-01-11 23 P.T.O.

10. What is the concept of deficit in Balance of Payments ?

†¤ÖµÖ×ÝÖµÖÖë Ûê ²ÖÛ ÖµÖÖ ´Öë ‘ÖÖ™ê Û ß †¾Ö¬ÖÖ¸ÞÖÖ ŒµÖÖ Æî ?

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11. State Weber’s Theory of Industrial location.

¾Öê²Ö¸ Ûê †ÖîªÖê×ÝÖÛ Ã£ÖÖ®Ö ×ÃÖ¨Ö®ŸÖ Û Ö ×¾Ö¾Ö¸ÞÖ ¤ßו֋ …

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12. ‘Public Expenditure is an ever-increasing Government activity.’ – Elaborate.

‘¿ÖÖÃÖÛ ßµÖ ¾µÖµÖ ×®Ö¸®ŸÖ¸ ²ÖœÌŸÖß Æã‡Ô ÃÖ¸Û Ö¸ß ÝÖןÖ×¾Ö×¬Ö Æî …’ ‡ÃÖ Û £Ö®Ö Û Ö ×¾Ö¾Öê“Ö®Ö Û ßו֋ …

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13. Explain Theory of Demographic Transition.

•Ö®ÖÖÓ×Û Û ßµÖ ÃÖÓÛÎ ´ÖÞÖ Ûê ×ÃÖ¨Ö®ŸÖ Û Öê ïÖ™ Û ßו֋ …

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14. What are Null and Alternative Hypotheses ? Distinguish between Type I and Type II

errors.

×®Ö¸ÖÛ ¸ÞÖßµÖ ‹¾ÖÓ ¾ÖîÛ ×»¯ÖÛ ¯Ö×¸Û »¯Ö®ÖÖ ŒµÖÖ Æï ? ¯ÖÏÛ Ö¸ (™Ö‡¯Ö) I †Öî¸ ¯ÖÏÛ Ö¸ II Û ß “ÖæÛ ´Öë †®ŸÖ¸ Û ßו֋ …

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SECTION – IV

ÜÖÓ› – IV

Note : This section contains five (5) questions of five (5) marks each based on the following

passage. Each question should be answered in about thirty (30) words.

(5 ×× 5 = 25 Marks)

®ÖÖê™ : ‡ÃÖ ÜÖÓ› ´Öë ×®Ö´®Ö×»Ö×ÜÖŸÖ ¯Ö׸“”ê¤ ¯Ö¸ †Ö¬ÖÖ׸ŸÖ ¯ÖÖÑ“Ö (5) ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö Æï … ¯ÖÏŸµÖêÛ ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö Û Ö ˆ¢Ö¸ »ÖÝÖ³ÖÝÖ ŸÖßÃÖ (30) ¿Ö²¤Öë ´Öë †¯Öê×õÖŸÖ Æî … ¯ÖÏŸµÖêÛ ¯ÖÏ¿®Ö ¯ÖÖÑ“Ö (5) †ÓÛ Öë Û Ö Æî … (5 × 5 = 25 †ÓÛ )

“Consider a commodity such as bread. It has many characteristics, of which

yielding nutrition is one. This can – often with advantage – be split into different

types of nutrition, related to calories, protein, etc. In addition to nutrition-giving

characteristics, bread possesses other characteristics as well, e.g., helping get-

togethers over food and drinks, meeting the demands of social conventions or

festivities. For a given person at a particular point in time, having more bread

increases, up to a point, the person’s ability to function in these ways… But in

comparing the functionings of two different persons, we do not get enough

information by looking merely at the amounts of bread (and similar goods) enjoyed

by the two persons respectively. The conversion of commodity-characteristics into

personal achievements of functionings depends on a variety of factors – personal and

social. In the case of nutritional achievements it depends on such factors as

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D-01-11 27 P.T.O.

(1) metabolic rates, (2) body size, (3) age, (4) sex (and, if a woman, whether pregnant

or lactating), (5) activity levels, (6) medical conditions (including the absence or

presence of parasites), (7) access to medical services and the ability to use them,

(8) nutritional knowledge and education, and (9) climatic conditions …”

¸Öê™ß •ÖîÃÖß ×Û ÃÖß ¾ÖßÖã Ûê ÃÖ´²Ö®¬Ö ´Öë ÃÖÖêד֋ … ‡ÃÖ´Öë Û ‡Ô ÝÖãÞÖ Æï וִ֮Öë ÃÖê ‹Û ¯ÖÖî×Â™Û ŸÖÖ Æî … ‡ÃÖ

¯ÖÖî×Â™Û ŸÖÖ Û Öê ‡ÃÖÛê ×¾Ö׳֮®Ö ¯ÖÏÛ Ö¸Öë µÖ£ÖÖ Ûî »ÖÖê׸µÖÖë †Öî¸ ¯ÖÏÖê™ß®Ö ´Öë ²ÖÖÑ™Ö •ÖÖ ÃÖÛ ŸÖÖ Æî – ¯ÖÏÖµÖ: ‹êÃÖÖ Û ¸®Öê ÃÖê

»ÖÖ³Ö ÆÖëÝÖê … ¯ÖÖî×Â™Û ŸÖÖ ¯ÖÏ¤Ö®Ö Û ¸®Öê Ûê ÃÖÖ£Ö-ÃÖÖ£Ö ¸Öê™ß ´Öë †®µÖ ÝÖãÞÖ ³Öß Æï •ÖîÃÖê ÜÖÖ®Öê-¯Öß®Öê Ûê ×»Ö‹ ‡Û ½Ö ÆÖê®Öê,

ÃÖÖ´ÖÖוÖÛ ¯Ö¸´¯Ö¸Ö†Öë †£Ö¾ÖÖ ŸµÖÖêÆÖ¸Öë Û ß ´ÖÖÑÝÖ Û Öê ¯Öæ¸Ö Û ¸®Öê ´Öë ÃÖÆÖµÖÛ ÆÖê®ÖÖ … ×Û ÃÖß ×¾Ö׿Ö™ ¾µÖ׌ŸÖ Ûê ¯ÖÖÃÖ,

×Û ÃÖß ×®Ö׿“ÖŸÖ ÃÖ´ÖµÖ ¯Ö¸, †Öî †×¬ÖÛ ¸Öê×™µÖÖë Û Ö ÆÖê®ÖÖ, ×Û ÃÖß ÃÖß´ÖÖ ŸÖÛ , ‡®Ö פ¿ÖÖ†Öë ´Öë Û Ö´Ö Û ¸®Öê Ûê ×»Ö‹

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ˆ¯Ö»Öײ¬ÖµÖÖë Û ß ÃÖæ¸ŸÖ ´Öë µÖÆ (1) ×¾Ö¯Ö“Ö®Ö ¤¸, (2) Û Ö×µÖÛ †ÖÛ Ö¸, (3) †ÖµÖã, (4) Ø»ÖÝÖ †Öî¸ µÖפ ´Ö×Æ»ÖÖ Æî,

ŒµÖÖ ¾ÖÆ ÝÖ³ÖÔ¾ÖŸÖß †£Ö¾ÖÖ ÃŸÖ®Ö¯ÖÖ®Ö Û ¸¾ÖÖŸÖß Æî, (5) ÝÖןÖ×¾Ö×¬Ö ÃŸÖ¸, (6) ´Öê×›Û »Ö ¤¿ÖÖ (¯Ö¸•Öß×¾ÖµÖÖë Û ß

ˆ¯Ö×ãÖןÖ-†®Öã¯Ö×ãÖןÖ), (7) ´Öê×›Û »Ö ÃÖê¾ÖÖ†Öë ŸÖÛ ¯ÖÆãÑ“Ö †Öî ˆ®Æë ¯ÖϵÖãŒŸÖ Û ¸®Öê Û ß õÖ´ÖŸÖÖ, (8) ¯ÖÖî×Â™Û ŸÖÖ Û Ö

–ÖÖ®Ö †Öî¸ ×¿ÖõÖÖ, ŸÖ£ÖÖ (9) ´ÖÖîÃÖ´Ö Ûê ÆÖ»ÖÖŸÖ …

15. Explain how poverty is associated with consumption patterns in the society.

ïÖ™ Û ßו֋ ×Û ×®Ö´®Ö ×®Ö¬ÖÔ®ÖŸÖÖ ÃÖ´ÖÖ•Ö Ûê ˆ¯Ö³ÖÖêÝÖŸÖÖ ¯ÖÏןִÖÖ®ÖÖë ÃÖê ÃÖ´²Ö¨ Æî …

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16. Explain the concept of nutrition and the purposes it serves in an economy.

¯ÖÖî×Â™Û ŸÖÖ Û ß †¾Ö¬ÖÖ¸ÞÖÖ †Öî ×Û ÃÖß †ÖÙ£ÖÛ ŸÖÖ ´Öë µÖÆ ×Û ®Ö ˆ§ê¿µÖÖë Û ß ¯ÖæÙŸÖ Û ¸ŸÖÖ Æî – ïÖ™ Û ßו֋ …

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17. How does poverty, famines, starvations depict the economic and personal

characteristics of individuals ?

×®Ö¬ÖÔ®ÖŸÖÖ, †Û Ö»Ö, ³ÖãÜÖ´Ö¸ß ×Û ÃÖ ¯ÖÏÛ Ö¸ ÃÖê ¾µÖ׌ŸÖ Ûê †ÖÙ£ÖÛ †Öî ×®Ö•Öß º ¯Ö Û Öê ¤¿ÖÖÔŸÖß Æî ?

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18. How does freedom of choice in decision-making enhances the capability of

individuals ?

×®ÖÞÖÔµÖ »Öê®Öê ´Öë þ֮֟¡ÖŸÖÖ Û ß ”æ™ ¾µÖ׌ŸÖµÖÖë ´Öë ÃÖÖ´Ö£µÖÔ Û Öê Ûî ÃÖê ²ÖœÌÖŸÖß Æî ?

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D-01-11 30

19. Explain the factors that help to convert commodity characteristics into personal

achievements.

ˆ®Ö Û Ö¸Û Öë Û Öê ïÖ™ Û ßו֋ ו֮ÖÃÖê ×Û ÃÖß ¾ÖßÖã Û Ö Ã¾Öº ¯Ö ˆÃÖê ×®Ö•Öß ˆ¯Ö»Öײ¬Ö ´Öë ¯Ö׸¾ÖÙŸÖŸÖ Û ¸®Öê ´Öë ÃÖÆÖµÖÛ ÆÖêŸÖÖ Æî …

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