1

2mgqk

msgq wxl

c,frdams; fyj;a mia rys; j.dj 01

c,frdams; j.df b;sydih 02

c,frdams; j.df uq,sl wjYH;djhka 03

jr.SlrKh 04

fmdaIl djK ;=, j.djdjK ixirKh jk j.d l%u

fmdaIl mg, ;dCIKh 05.eUqre fmdaIl Odrd ;dCIKh 06

djK ixirKh fkdjk j.d l%uc,Sh udOHhl uq,a .s,ajQ j.d ;dCIKh 09mdfjk ia:rhl j.d ;dCIKh 12flaIdlrIl wjfYdaIK j.d ;dCIKh 13

>k udOHhl j.djisria f,i /|jQ j.d u ;dCIKh 14;sria j.d u ;dCIKh 15>k udOH msrjQ ldkq fyda md;a;s ;=< j.d ;dCIKh 16nka ;=< j.dj 17

jdhj frdams; j.dj 18

c,frdams; j.dj i|yd ;jdka me< ieliSu 19

c,frdams; j.df fmdaIl ,ndu 23

mqyqKq lsu yd lmamdj 30

md,s; ;;aj hgf;a c,frdams; j.dj 32

j.djkays we;sh yels .eg yd tajd uyrjd .ekSu 32

c,frdams; j.df kv;a;= yd md,k wjYH;djhka 37

c,frdams; j.df jdis 39

iSudld idOl 39

c,frdams;j j.d l< yels fnda. 40

c,frdams; j.df wiajkq fk

3c,frdams; fyj;a miarys; j.dj

lrk ,o mrfhaIK j, m%;sM,hla f,i c,frdams;

fyj;a mia rys; j.dj (Hydroponics/Soil-less culture) hqKq we; f,dj mqrd m%p,s;fjka mj;sk ldrhu nka je by, wiajkq

,ndfok fuu j.d l%u ms

4msms[a" flduvq iy fjk;a t

5f,i k lf

6kEu c,frdams; j.d moaO;shl my;ska olajd we;s

lreKq m%Yia; f,i iemhSu yd md,kh lsu j.d

l%ufha uQ,sl wjYH;djhka f,i lah yel

l Nd;d lrk c,fha fyda udOHfha

iajdrl Ndjh

l Nd;d lrk fmdfydr Y%k djKh Ydl

wjYH;djhka imqrd,k uyd fmdaIl yd CIq

fmdaIl j,sska iuka; u

l fmdaIl djKfha iajdrCIl Ndjh Ydl

uQ, uKav,hg yd udOHhg ys;lr mrdihl

mej;Su

l c,fha" udOHfha fyda uQ, uKav, l,dmfha

ksr;=re jd;kh yd Ydl uQ, uKav,hg

ys;lr WIaK;ajh

jr.SlrKh

c,frdams; j.djka djK ;=< j.dj" >k udOHl

j.dj yd jdhj frdams; j.dj hkqfjka m%Odk fldgia

3 lg fn we; ixjD; j.d moaO;shl" fhd

.kakdjQ fmdaIl djKh pl%SlrKh lrk w;r

jD; j.d moaO;s j, tfia is fkdlrhs

1 fmdaIl djK ;=k udOH msrjQ ldkq fyda md;a;s ;=< j.d

;dlaIKh

Trench or Trough Techniquel nka ;dCIKh

Pot Technique

3 jdhjfrdams; j.djAeroponics

l fmdaIK djK j

7fuu j.d l%u j,ska iqiq l%uhla f;af my;

i|yka idOl flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsu jeo.;a

f

l mirfhys ,nd .; yels bv

l fhoh yels im;a yd uQ,Ok m%udKh

l myiqfjka$ ,dNhsj ,nd.; yels iajNdl

fyda lD;%Su udOHh

l talSh fCIa;%hlska ,nd.; yels wiajekak

l ksIamd;fha .=Kd;aul Ndjh

meyeh" fmkqu" yevh

lDIs ridhk j,ska f;dr u

ksidg ydkshl CIq kaf.ka f;dr

u

fmdaIl djK ;=< j.djSolution culture or Liquidhydroponic

fmdaIl djK mg, ;dlaIKhNutrient film technique (NFT)fuh i;H c,frdams; j.djla jk me

8j.d udOHhl fyda l=vd nkl isgqjkq ,enQ mek udOH fmdaIl djKh ;=

10

,a nka fjkqjg me;sj, isre lSmhla iys;

ma,diala nka jqjo Nd;d l< yelsh ^12 jk

rEmh& fmdaIl djKh ixirKh f yd ix;

gexlshg fhduq f fydka jd;kh f mSiS

k,fha nEjqu 1( 30-40 j;a h hq;= w;r f ksid

,a nka ma,diala nka

isgqug iqiq ;;a;ajfha me< iys; nka

12 jk rEmh( O nka jr.

10 jk rEmh( wla-jla wdldr j.d moaO;shl uQ,sl ie,eiau

11 jk rEmh( wla-jla wdldr DFT j.d moaO;shl j.djlaa

bj;a jk fmdaIl djKh

uQ,sl gexlshg .uka lrhs

N+.; fmdaIl ix; gexlsh

fmdaIl djK

iemhq k,

iq meye;s

j.d k,

fmdmh

11

taldld f,i fmdaIK djKh myk udOHhla iys;j Nd;d l< yels jHqy fukau"

wfkl=;a fnda. i|yd djK udOHh muKla Nd;d

jk jHqy ykajd w;

^w& w, fnda. yer wfkl=;a fnda. i|yd

fuys mshk iys; nkla j.dj i|yd Nd;d f

kEu yevhl yd jr.hl nkla f;rd .; yels

jqjo f,dayuh nka iqiq fkdf iaghsrfmda fyda

,S nka" ma,diala fm fukau isfuka;s j,ska

idok ,o ;e jqjo Nd;d l< yel WIaK;ajfha

by< ke.Sula is fkdjk neka iaghsrfmda fm

jvd;a iqiqq f nfka .eUqr fi 28-30 la

muK h hq;=h fujeks nkl isrialv fmkqu

14 jk rEmh u.ska fmkakq lrhs

13 jk rEmh( mSsiS k,fha isrialvla

Tlaiscka wjfYdaIKh lrk uq,a

ysia wjldYh

j.d k,h

fmdaIl djKh

12

me< iys; l=vd nk

nka udOHhmshk

djK nk

fmdaIl djKh

fmdaIl wjfYdaIKh

lrk uq,a

jd;h wjfYdaIKh

lrk uq,a

jd ixirKh yd djKh

kej; msrf isr

mklu lfi fmd,s;Ska j,ska nk

we;=

13

c fl,skau nfka me< lsuo l< yelsh uq,a

jrOkh i|yd m%udKj;a bvla djKhg by,ska

;sh hq;= neka fmfhys 2$3 la muKla msfrk

fia fmdaIl udOH mqrjkq ,ef me< nka iys;

wdjrK ,E,a, 18 jk rEm igyk m ;nkq

,ef nka j, hg fldgfika fi 2-3 la muK

fmdaIl udOHfha .sf,k fia ;eh hq;= f

fujeks imQrK l< fm ^19 jk rEmh& ,a

.Dy" md,s; mir ;;a;aj hgf;a wdrlaIs; .Dy

;=

14

21 jk rEmh( mdfjk ia:rhl is lrk j.dj

mdfjk ;yvqj

fmdaIl djKh

lD;S%u jd

Odrdjla iemfha

>k udOHh r|jk ,

mdfjk ia:rhl j.d ;dlaIKh

we;=k udOHh bj;a lr.;a tu

k,hu fmd a aIl djKh jd;kh u i|yd

wdOdrlhla f,i Nd;d lrhs ^20 jk rEmh&

jd ixirKh i|yd mSiS k,h

jd;kh i|yd bv

>k udOHh

fmdaIl djKhj.d nk

20 jk rEmh( w, fnda. j.d lrk l%uh

15

flaIdlrIK wjfYdaIs; j.d;dlaIKh

m;=f,a isre iys; O m%udK nka f i|yd

Nd;d l< yel >k udOHh msrjQ nka j, megl j,ska f;dr u

l ydkshl laIq yd jg mKq .yK j,ska

f;dr u

j.dj i|yd Nd;d lkudOHh

l wldnksl iajdNdl >k udOH-fndr" .,a

l=vq

l ldnksl iajdNdl udOH-ldnkSlD;

oyhshd" ,S l=vq" fldyqn;a" mS fudia

l wldnksl lD;S%u fyda ieliQ >k udOH

-frdla jQ,a" mr,hs" jrlHq,hs

l ldnksl lD;Su udOH-fmd,shqfr;ska"

fmd,smSSfkd,a" fmd,sB;r" fmd,sjhskhs,a

>k udOH u; islrk j.df >kudOH r|jkakd

jQ O jHQy wkqj id.; yels j.d moaO;Ska

my; i|yka f

22 jk rEmh( flaIdlrYK wjfYdaIs; j.d nkl isrialvla

>k udOHh

fmdaIl

djKh

16

isria f,i /|jQ j.d u;dlaIKhHanging bag techniquefuu l%ufhaos gr 13 la os." is,skavrdldr" mdrcnq,

lsrK m%;sfrda" fmd,s;Ska j,ska ie u ;=< mqrjk

,o cSjdkqyrKh l< fldyq fl|s iys; j.d u

Nd;d lrkq ,ef fuu fmd,s;ska nE.fha msg;

iq meye;s jk w;r we;=

17

fuu l%uhg jD; ia:dkhl fukau wdrs; .Dy;=k udOH iys;

j.d nk

fmdaIl djK

iemhq CIq k,

j.d udOH

iys; md;a;s

fmd,s;ska mg,h

m%Odk fmdaIl

iemhq k,h

c,jyk k,h

28 jk rEmh( >k udOHh msrjQ md;a;shl me;slvla

by; l%u foflysu" c,h ldka fkdjk fia

mdrcnq, lsrK j,g m%;sfrda fmd,s;Ska ;gq 2la

ldKqj fyda md;a;s iy ta wjg u jefik fia t,d

bka miqj j.d udOH msrh hq;=h f uska ldkqfjys

wvx.= udOH mi yd .eu j

20

jdhjfrdams; j.djAeroponicsl=vd isre iys; iaghsrf*da ;e fhd ieliQ we;=

21

c,frdams; j.dj i|yd;jdka me< ieliSuNursery techniques

Wiia wi ajek akl a fok

idr:l j.djla ,nd .;yels

jkafka .=Kd;aufhka hq;= frdamK

jH Nd;fhks idudkH

j.djl o S fuk au

c,frdams; j.dj i|yd o

c me< fukau jrOl fldgia

u.ska ,nd .kakd frdamK jHh o Nd;d

f .=Kd;aufhka hq;= frdamK jH

ksmojd .ekSu i|yd ;jdka md,kh

l%udkql+,j isl, hq;=h

;jdka udOHGrowing media;jdka udOH i|yd f;dard .kakd jH ydkshl

kaf.ka f;dr" c me,fha m%frdayKh yd jrOkh

i|yd iqiq ;;a;aj imqrd,k udOHhla h hq;=h

j.dj i|yd udOHh f;dard .ekSf ie,lsh hq;=

lreKq fuys o ie,ls,a,g .; hq;=h f ishfiu

udOHhka jdKqyrkh lr ;su ksfrda.S u;a

me< ,nd .ekSu i|yd w;HjYH f

Nd;d l< yels ;jdka udOH

l jdKqy;" mer fldyqn;a

l lr lrk ,o oyhshd

(carbonized rice husk)l ishq je,s$fldyqn;a Y%kh

l frdlajQ,a" mS fy mr,hs

;jdka udOHh i|yd fldyqn;a Nd;d lrkafka k

udi 6 j;a mer ;su W; f fldyqn;a j,

mSt w.h WiSk ;;ajhg f.k tau i|yd Nd;hg

fmr h .eiQ yqKq Ca (OH)2 wjYH m tla lklu ms