.
. .
. 4756 : 1.
......................................................31.2
..................................71.3
...............................101.4
....................................................142.
1. ( , , , ) , ( OS ) , , . . 1.1 ( ) . . 1.1 ( ) . . 1.2 , .
1.1 ( ) 1.2 ( ) , , , . , : , . . 1.3 , ( .1.3 ) (.1.3 ) . , ( .
1.2 ) . , . 1.4 . , . , .
1.3
1.1
, , ( ) . ( ) , . . 1.4
1.2 , . ( 1.3) , ( 13.5 . ) . , 1.3 ) , 1 2 + - 13.6 ( - 9 V )
.
13.6 , () . 13.6 1 2 + - 13.7 . . 13.7 13.6
( : () , (b ) (g) (c ) , (d ) , (e) NPN (f ) .
13.8 . 13.6
. 13.8 . , . 13.8 ) 2 mm 3 mm , 13 mm . C1 ( . 13 .7 b) . , .
13.7 a ) 5 mm ( ) . . 13.6 . + + C1 , - - . . 13.8 ) . . 13. 8 ) C1
( ) , . , . .13.8 b) 1 2 ( ) . 1 2 . . C1 , R D . , . 13.8 c ) R D
, + . C1 - . NPN T , C2 TP , ( + - ) . , , . 13.8 d ) . . . 13.8 )
. , . 13.8 f ) .13.9 . 13.9 ( .13.8 f ) . 13.6 . 1.3
. . . , . . . , ( ) , . ( . 13.10 ) . TANGO , OrCAD PCB , PROTEL
, EAGLE . . , :
1. , , 13.10 ) , () (UV) ( , . ) . UV , UV . mirror ( ) 13.10
.
. 13.10 . Mirror ( ) 2. . ( . ) , ( , , . ) 3. ( . 13.11 ) . (
-) , 20 cm . .
4. 24 . 15 70 C .
5. , . .13.12 . . . , . . , ( . ) . . 13.11 .
13.12 , , .
6. (. 13.13) , UV ( ) , . . 13.13 ( )
7. . 7 ( NaOH ) . , , , . 2 . . 13.14 b )
1.4 , , . , .
( FeCl3 ) , . , , 0,5 kg . , , cm (3 6 cm) . , ( . 13.15 ) . , .
( . 13.15 ) . .13.15
H2O + HCl + H2O2 , 35 % ( ) , (H2O2 ) . .
. 13.16 )
( . )
(. 13.17) . , . . .
)
)
. 13.17 ) )
1.2 , (SMD) , . 13.21 . 20 25 . , , . . 13.21
15
