Pembangunan Ekonomi Islam

8/3/2019 Pembangunan Ekonomi Islam

1/22

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[IC@BHOYHBH IFGHGCE CIDBDYE BOELBHQBFB^1 ÊHABYBH IC[EPEFBD!

[b~cbwb~e La E`pblec!!

B@]^PBM^

^le} bp~emdi b~~ic{~} ~g i|{dbeh ~li bède~u gj qbfb~ ne}~pe`y~egh eh ~li

imghgcem nizidg{cih~ gj ~li yccbl( ^li bp~emdi }~bp~} ù i|{dbeheho

~li {g}e~egh gj qbfb~ eh ~li deji gj ~li Cy}dec( E~ jyp~lip ne}my}}i} E}dbcem

~ligpi~embd zeiw} gh ~li {g}e~ezi pgdi gj qbfb~ ne}~pe`y~egh eh ihmgyh~ipeho

}gmeg imghgcem {pg`dic} eh Cy}dec }gmei~u zeb ehmgci pine}~pe`y~egh$

wleml dibn} ~g ehmgci ob{ pinym~egh bhn {gzip~u bddizeb~egh( Pi}yd~} gj

~li ic{epembd wgpf} jpgc {pizegy} }~ynei} lbzi }y{{gp~in ~li ~ligpu$

{pgzeho ~lb~ qbfb~ ne}~pe`y~egh }ymmi}}jyddu pinymi} ~li ehmgci ob{( B~

~li }bci ~eci$ e~ bd}g pinymi} ~li ehmenihmi bhn ~li `ypnih gj {gzip~u(

^le} bp~emdi ~lih }yooi}~} ~li hiin gj b mgc{pilih}ezi bm~egh {dbh ~g

ih}ypi ~li ijjim~ezihi}} gj qbfb~ ne}~pe`y~egh eh ec{pgzeho ~li imghgcu

gj ~li yccbl( ^li mgc{pilih}ezi bm~egh {dbh hiin} ~li mgg{ipb~egh

bhn }ipegy} mgcce~cih~ jpgc ~lpii ec{gp~bh~ {bp~ei}$ hbcidu$ ~li

qbfb~ boihmu$ ~li qbfb~ pime{eih~}$ bhn ~li ogziphcih~(

Fiuwgpn}1 E}dbcem imghgcu$ qbfb~$ nizidg{cih~ imghgcu$ {gzip~u$ ehmgci

ne}~pe`y~egh

! Bp~efid ehe ney`bl}ybe nbpe fip~b} fipab ìp~bayf [ipbhbh Boelbh Qbfb~ nbdbc

[ic`bhoyhbh Ifghgce Yccbl ubho ~idbl neìh~bhofbh nbdbc Fghzih}uih

Qbfb~ nbh Myfbe [ipehofb~ Fi`bho}bbh 0;;? ne [_^M$ Fybdb Dyc{yp$ 00

0>'9';?(!!

]ihegp Dim~ypip b~ Ni{bp~cih~ gj ]lbpebl bhn Imghgcu$ Bmbnicu gj E}dbcem]~ynei}$ Yhezip}e~e gj Cbdbub$ u;{b~cbKyc(iny(cu(


2/22

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[IHNBLYDYBH # QBFB^ NBDBC FILENY[BH CY]DEC

Qbfb~ ìpìqb nihobh }ycìp#}ycìp {ihnb{b~bh fipbabbh ubho dbeh ne cbhb~bhooyhoabwb` cic`bubp qbfb~ bnbdbl cipy{bfbh }i`blboebh nbpe e`bnbl

nbdbc fileny{bh Cy}dec( Bddbl ~idbl cihub~bfbh nbdbc bd#Rypbh `blbwb

cihyhbefbh qbfb~ e~y bnbdbl cipy{bfbh }i`blboebh nbpe mepe#mepe }igpbho

Cy}dec$ ubho ìpcbf}yn6

Nbh gpbho#gpbho ubho ìpecbh$ didbfe nbh {ipic{ybh$ }i~ihoblhub

cihabne {ihgdgho `boe }i}i~ihoblhub ubho dbeh6 cipifb cihuypyl

ìp`yb~ fi`baefbh nbh cidbpbho nbpe{bnb ìp`yb~ fiablb~bh6 nbh

cipifb cihnepefbh }ic`blubho nbh cicìpe qbfb~$ }ip~b ~bb~ fi{bnb Bddbl nbh Pb}ydhub( Cipifb e~y bfbh neìpe pblcb~ gdil Bddbl6

]i}yhooylhub Bddbl Cblb Fyb}b dboe Cblb @eabf}bhb(

]ypbl bd#^bw`bl1 ?22

]i`bobe }bdbl }b~y nbpe pyfyh E}dbc$ bpblbh yh~yf cidbf}bhbfbh

~bhooyhoabwb` qbfb~ ehe bnbdbl }bhob~ ì}bp ne cbhb `boe cipifb ubho

obobd cidbf}bhbfbhhub bfbh cihnb{b~ bdb}bh bqb` ubho {inel ne nyheb nbh

bflepb~( Lbd ehe nehub~bfbh nbdbc }ypbl bd#Jy}}edb~$ ubho cihoflb`bpfbh

bhmbcbh Bddbl ~iplbnb{ gpbho#gpbho cy}upef( Bub~ ehe ~ypy~ cihipbhofbhmepe#mepe gpbho cy}upef$ ne bh~bpbhub ebdbl ~enbf cihyhbefbh qbfb~ nbh ~enbf

cic{ipmbube bfbh bnbhub lbpe bflepb~(

Fb~bfbhdbl ,wblbe Cylbccbn%1 ]i}yhooylhub bfy lbhubdbl

}igpbho cbhy}eb }i{ip~e fbcy6 newbluyfbh fi{bnbfy `blbwb ^ylbh

fbcy lbhubdbl ^ylbh ubho ]b~y6 cbfb lihnbfdbl fbcy ~i~b{ ~ioyl

ne b~b} abdbh ubho ì~yd dypy} ,ubho cic`bwb fi{bnb cihmb{be

fipinlbbhHub%$ }ip~b {glghdbl fi{bnbHub cihobc{yhe ,ng}b#ng}b

fbcy ubho ~idbl dbdy%( Nbh ehob~dbl$ fimidbfbbh ì}bp `boe gpbho#gpbho ubho cic{ip}ify~yfbhHub ,nihobh }i}yb~y ubho dbeh%$ ebe~y

gpbho#gpbho ubho ~enbf cicìpe qbfb~ ,yh~yf cicìp}elfbh aewb nbh

lbp~bhub% nbh cipifb {ydb fyjyp ehofbp bfbh bnbhub lbpe bflepb~(

]ypbl bd#Jy}}edb~1 :#?0

2 ]liefl B`nyddbl @b}ciel ,2550%$ bj}ep [ec{ehbh Bp#Pblcbh Fi{bnb [ihoip~ebh

bd#Rypbh( Fybdb Dyc{yp1 @blboebh Lbd Ilwbd E}dbc Ab`b~bh [ipnbhb Cih~ipe$ ll(

>>:#>>?(0 Eèn$ l( 20:9(


3/22

[ic`bhoyhbh Ifghgce Cidbdye Boelbh Qbfb~1 ehabybh Ic{epefbd

009

Nbdbc bub~ ubho dbeh$ Bddbl cihabhaefbh pblcb~Hub fi b~b} cipifb ubho

cihyhbefbh qbfb~ ubho ìpcbf}yn1

Nbh ~i~b{fbhdbl yh~yf fbce fi`befbh nbdbc nyheb ehe nbh ayob ne

bflepb~$ }i}yhooylhub fbce fic`bde ,ìp~by`b~% fi{bnbCy( Bddbl

ìpjpcbh1 Bqb`Fy bfbh Bfy ~ec{bfbh fi{bnb }i}eb{b ubho Bfy

filihnbfe$ nbh pblcb~Fy cide{y~e ~eb{#~eb{ }i}yb~y1 cbfb Bfy bfbh

cihih~yfbhhub `boe gpbho#gpbho ubho ìp~brwb$ nbh ubho cicìpe

qbfb~$ }ip~b gpbho#gpbho ubho ìpecbh fi{bnb bub~#bub~ Fbce(

]ypbl bd#Bkpbj1 29:=

Fipbabbh `boe hiobpb ubho cic{yhube {ihnynyf cbagpe~e Cy}dec$~yob} cicyhoy~ qbfb~ yh~yf fi`baefbh {bpb {ihipecb boelbh qbfb~

bnbdbl }b~y ~bhooyhoabwb` ubho newbluyfbh }imbpb dbho}yho gdil Bddbl(

Fi{ih~ehobh qbfb~ ~iplbnb{ gpbho E}dbc bnbdbl aidb} nbpe{bnb lbne~l#lbne~l

ubho cihub~bfbh `blbwb neìhbpfbh cicipbhoe gpbho#gpbho E}dbc ubho

cihnepefbh }gdb~ ~i~b{e ~enbf cihyhbefbh qbfb~(>

^YAYBH QBFB^

E}dbc cihifbhfbh {ihy`ylbh }i`ybl cb}ubpbfb~ ubho bned$ìp{ipeficbhy}ebbh nbh ìp}b~y {bny( Cidehnyhoe cbhy}eb nbpe fidb{bpbh$

cihabceh fi}idbcb~bh }g}ebd nbh cihabob cbpybl nbh filgpcb~bh eh}bh

cipy{bfbh idicih#idicih ubho {ipdy nbdbc {ipb~ypbh cb}ubpbfb~ ubho bned

nbh ìp{ipeficbhy}ebbh( Pb}ydyddbl ]B_ cihub~bfbh `blbwb fidb{bpbh

bnbdbl }b~y ìh~yf ~ifbhbh cb}ubpbfb~ ubho {bdeho ìpb~( Gdil e~y$ E}dbc

cihmbnbhofbh eh}~e~y}e qbfb~ }i`bobe }b~y cifbhe}ci ubho cihuidbcb~fbh

cbhy}eb nbpe fidb{bpbh$ cihabceh fibnedbh }g}eg#ifghgce nbdbc

cb}ubpbfb~ nbh cihuinebfbh }b~y }yb}bhb ubho cic`gdilfbh cbhy}eb

cicidelbpb filgpcb~bh nbh cidbf}bhbfbh ~bhooyhoabwb` ~iplbnb{ Bddbl(Nihobh cihehofb~fbh {pgnyf~eze~e cb}ubpbfb~$ qbfb~ ciholedbhofbh pb}b

= Eèn$ l( = îpnb{b~ {id`bobe mgh~gl bpblbh nbh {ipeh~bl$ obhabpbh {blbdb nbh `bdb}bh

ubho nbl}ub~$ fiabubbh nbh fiobobdbh ne nyheb nbh ne bflepb~ ìpfbe~bh nihobh

{ic`bubpbh qbfb~( Pb}ydyddbl ]B_ cihoe}u~elbpfbh `blbwb }i}eb{b ubho

cihyhbefbh }gdb~ ~i~b{e ~enbf cihyhbefbh qbfb~$ cbfb }gdb~hub bnbdbl }eb#}eb(

Flbdejbl B`y @bfbp b}#]enner {ydb ~idbl cihooyhbfbh {bf}bbh fi b~b} cipifb

ubho ihoobh cic`bubp qbfb~ fi{bnb fipbabbh( @iìpb{b bub~ Rypbh ubho ipfbe~bhnihobh qbfb~ bnbdbl 0122;$ 0=12#:$ 92125$ ?;10>#09(


4/22


00:

epelb~e }i}bcb blde cb}ubpbfb~$ nbh }i~ipy}hub ciholb}edfbh cb}ubpbfb~

Cy}dec ubho bcbh nbh ìp}b~y#{bny( Gdil e~y$ qbfb~ ~idbl newbluyfbh yh~yf

cicihyle cb~dbcb~ ubho aidb} nbdbc cb}ubpbfb~( ]imbpb pehofb}hub$ qbfb~~idbl ne~i~b{fbh gdil Bddbl nihobh cb~dbcb~ y~bcb }i`bobe }b~y ìh~yf

abcehbh fi}idbcb~bh }g}ebd `boe cipifb ubho ce}feh nbh cicipdyfbh$

cic`bhoyhfbh {ip~yc`ylbh ifghgce ubho }iec`bho cidbdye boelbh }icydb

fifbubbh nbdbc cb}ubpbfb~$ nbh ayob }i`bobe }b~y ìh~yf {ihuymebh nbh

{ic`bhoyhbh }{epe~ybd(

BOELBH QBFB^

Qbfb~ neboelfbh yh~yf cic`bh~y ogdghobh ubho ce}feh nbh cicipdyfbh boecicihyle fi{ipdybh b}b} cipifb( Eb neboelfbh yh~yf cicihyle {id`bobe

fi{ipdybh abhofb {ihnif nbh abhofb {bhabho( Qbfb~ lbhub `gdil neboelfbh

fi{bnb ogdghobh#ogdghobh ubho ~ip~ih~y }blbab$ }i{ip~e nehub~bfbh nbdbc bd#

Rypbh ubho ìpcbf}yn1

]i}yhoylhub }inifbl#}inifbl ,qbfb~% e~y lbhubdbl yh~yf gpbho#gpbho

jbrep$ nbh gpbho#gpbho ce}feh$ nbh kbced#kbced ubho cihoypy}hub$

nbh gpbho#gpbho cybddbj ubho neaehbffbh lb~ehub$ nbh yh~yf lbc`b#

lbc`b ubho lihnbf cicipnifbfbh nepehub$ nbh gpbho#gpbho ubhoìply~bho$ nbh yh~yf ,neìdbhabfbh {bnb% abdbh Bddbl$ nbh gpbho#

gpbho cy}bjp ,ubho fi{y~y}bh% nbdbc {ipabdbhbh( ,Fi~i~b{bh ubho

nicefebh e~y ebdbl% }i`bobe }b~y fi~i~b{bh ,ubho nb~bhohub% nbpe Bddbl(

Nbh ,ehob~dbl% Bddbl Cblb Cihoi~blye$ dboe Cblb @eabf}bhb(

]ypbl bd#^bw`bl1 :;9

Bub~ ne b~b} nebflepe nihobh {ipfb~bbh }i`bobe }b~y fi~i~b{bh nbpe

Bddbl cihyhayffbh `blbwb }inifbl#}inifbl ubho necbf}ynfbh nbdbc bub~

ne b~b}$ ebe~y qbfb~$ `yfbhhub }b~y ìh~yf nipcb {edelbh ,g{~eghbd mlbpe~u%$}i`bdefhub }b~y ~bhooyhoabwb` ubho wbae` nedbf}bhbfbh ,g`deob~gpu%( Db{bh

ogdghobh ,b}hbj% ubho dbubf cihipecb boelbh qbfb~ ~idbl nehub~bfbh gdil

Bddbl cidbdye bub~ ne b~b} nbh ci}~edbl ne{b~yle nbdbc cihoboelfbh lb}ed#

lb}ed qbfb~(

9 ]liefl B`nyddbl @b}ciel ,2550%$ g{(me~($ l( >>=(


5/22


00?

]imbpb pehofb}$ db{bh ogdghobh ubho dbubf cihipecb boelbh qbfb~

}i{ip~e nehub~bfbh nbdbc bub~ ne b~b}$ bnbdbl }i{ip~e ìpefy~1

2( Jbrep # Ogdghobh ehe cic{yhube lbp~b ne `bwbl hedbe he}b`( Cipifbebdbl ogdghobh ubho ìhbp#ìhbp ce}feh nbh cicipdyfbh `bh~ybh

gpbho dbeh yh~yf cihipy}fbh fileny{bh }bcbnb ne}i`b`fbh gdil

fi~enbfy{bubbh jeqefbd$ dbhay~ y}eb$ nbh }i`bobehub( Nbdbc fgh~if}

}icb}b ne Cbdbu}eb$ {ihnb{b~bh obpe} fice}fehbh ,[OF% ebdbl }i`bhubf

PC ::2 }i`ydbh `boe e}e pycbl >(: ne ]icihbhayho Cbdbu}eb$ nbh

PC :52 }i`ydbh boe Cbdbu}eb( Cihoefy~ nijehe}e PCF5$ {ihnb{b~bh

e}e pycbl ogdghobhjbrepehe ipbnb ne bwbl fi{ipdybh cbfbhbh ebe~y}i`bhubf PC >;; }i`ydbh( :

0( Cb}bfeh # Cipifb bnbdbl ogdghobh ce}feh ubho ~enbf cihqblepfbhfice}fehbh cipifb(? Cihoefy~ nijehe}e PCF5$ nbdbc fgh~if}

Cbdbu}eb$ cipifb ehe cipy{bfbh ogdghobh e}e pycbl ubho

ìp{ihnb{b~bh bh~bpb PC >;; lehoob PC :52 }i`ydbh(

=( Bcedeh # Cipifb bnbdbl ogdghobh ubho ìfipab yh~yf cih~bnèp nbhcihoypy} lbd#lbd ìpfbe~bh qbfb~( Ehe ~ipcb}yf fi}icyb {iobwbe

nbh {i~yob} ubho nedbh~ef gdil hioipe yh~yf cihabdbhfbh ~yob}#~yob}

ìpfbe~bh qbfb~$ }i{ip~e {ihoepbbh$ fy~e{bh nbh boelbh( Cipifb ubho

~ipde`b~ nihobh {ifipabbh ìpfbe~bh qbfb~$ cbfb dbubf cihnb{b~ obaenbpe nbhb qbfb~(

>( Cybddbjb~ bd#Rydy` Cipifb ubho lb~ehub ne{yayf yh~yfcihnifb~e E}dbc( ]imbpb {peh}e{hub$ ogdghobh ehe cide{y~e cipifb

ubho {ip}blb`b~bh nbh fipab}bcb nihobhhub bfbh cic`bh~y

cic{ipfyb~fbh E}dbc( îpcb}yf ayob nbdbc ogdghobh ehe ebdbl

cipifb ubho `bpy cicidyf E}dbc$ ubho filedbhobh lbp~b ìhnb nbh

: Yhe~ [ipbhmbho Ifghgce$ A[C ,0;;:%$Pbhmbhobh Cbdbu}eb Fi}icèdbh ,PCF51

0;;:#0;2;%( Fybdb Dyc{yp1 [ipmi~bfbh Hb}eghbd Cbdbu}eb @iplbn$ l( =>


6/22


00

0=;

{idbh ~ehnbfbh ìp}i{bny {elbf# {elbf ubho ~ipde`b~ nihobh boelbh qbfb~

nbdbc y}blb cic`yf~efbh {g~ih}e qbfb~ yh~yf nefi~ihoblfbh fi nbdbc

bpy} {ipnbhb ifghgce yh~yf }bcb#}bcb cihuyc`bho ~iplbnb{ {ihehofb~bhifghgce yccbl(

EC[DEFB]E BOELBH QBFB^ ÎPLBNB[ [IHEHOFB^BH ]G]EG#

IFGHGCE YCCBL20

Fy~e{bh nbh boelbh qbfb~ cic{yhube ec{defb}e }g}eg#ifghgce ubho {ih~eho(

Bh~bpb ubho y~bcb ebdbl ìpfbe~bh nihobh boelbh {ihnb{b~bh nbh fifbubbh$

}ip~b {ic`b}cebh fice}fehbh(

,b% Qbfb~ nbh Boelbh [ihnb{b~bh nbh Fifbubbh

]iobdb ìh~yf fifbubbh ubho nefyphebfbh Bddbl ne cyfb `yce ~enbf `gdil

~ip~yc{y lbhub fi{bnb }b~y ogdghobh ubho ~ip~ih~y }blbab( ]i`bdefhub$ eb

{ipdydbl ìpinbp ne fbdbhobh }icyb blde nbdbc cb}ubpbfb~( Fgh}i{ fibnedbh

nbdbc E}dbc ~enbf ìpcbf}yn {ydbhobh ubho }bcb fi{bnb }i~eb{ blde nbdbc

cb}ubpbfb~ ~bh{b cihobcèd fepb }yc`bhobh cipifb( E}dbc cihipecb

bnbhub fi~bf}iec`bhobh boelbh {ihnb{b~bh ne}i`b`fbh gdil cbhy}eb e~y ~enbf

}bcb }imbpb }icydbabne nbpe }ioe ~ehofbl dbfy$ fi{bfbpbh$ nbh }yc`bhobhcipifb ~iplbnb{ cb}ubpbfb~(2= @bobecbhb{yh$ fi{ipdybh b}b} }i~eb{ ehnezeny

bnbdbl ~ipabceh nbdbc }i`ybl fipbabbh E}dbc( Ne }ehe$ qbfb~ cicbehfbh

{ipbhbh }i`bobe cifbhe}cb boelbh }icydb {ihnb{b~bh nbh fifbubbh( Qbfb~

nedbf}bhbfbh yh~yf cihob~b}e cb}bdbl fi~bf}iec`bhobh boelbh {ihnb{b~bh$

nbh cihoidbffbh nbpe{bnb ìpdbfyhub {ihyc{ybh lbp~b ne fbdbhobh

ogdghobh ~ip~ih~y }blbab nbdbc cb}ubpbfb~(2> Qbfb~ cihuinebfbh cifbhe}ci

ne cbhb }ycìp#}ycìp ubho bnb nbdbc cb}ubpbfb~ bfbh neboelfbh fi{bnb

ubho ce}feh nbh cicipdyfbh( Nihobh e~y$ aypbho boelbh {ihnb{b~bh nbdbc

cb}ubpbfb~ bfbh nb{b~ nepb{b~fbh(

20 [b~cbwb~e E`pblec ,0;;:%$ Imghgcem Pgdi gj Qbfb~ eh Pinymeho Ehmgci Ehirybde~u

bhn [gzip~u eh ]idbhogp$ [lN ^li}e}$ Jbmyd~u gj Imghgcem} bhn Cbhboicih~$

Yhezip}e~e [y~pb Cbdbu}eb ,yh{y`de}lin%(

2=

]edb pyayf Bd#Rypbh$ :12:9$ :21?2$ nbh >=1=0(2> Eèn$ 951?(


9/22


0=2

[ic`yf~ebh Ic{epefbd

Fi}bh qbfb~ ~iplbnb{ boelbh {ihnb{b~bh ne fbdbhobh {ihoidybp {bne ~idblnefbae gdil E}cbed ]bddil nbh Pgobubl Hobl$ ubho cihofbae fi}bh qbfb~

~iplbnb{ boelbh {ihnb{b~bh ne ic{b~ `ybl hioipe ne Cbdbu}eb ebe~y [ipbf$

Finbl$ Fidbh~bh nbh ^ipihoobhy yh~yf ~blyh 25?


10/22


0=0

ubho cihoyfyp fi~bf}iec`bhobh boelbh {ihnb{b~bh( Lb}ed fbaebh ìdeby

cihnb{b~e `blbwb cihoefy~ ehnif} Oehe#Mgijjemeih~$ boelbh qbfb~ ìpabub

cihoypbhofbh fi~bf}iec`bhobh boelbh {ihnb{b~bh ne fbdbhobh b}hbj jbfepnbh ce}feh( ]idbhay~hub$ cihooyhbfbh ehnif} B~feh}gh0; ubho cihobcèd

fepb fi}bh jbf~gp fi`baefbh nbdbc boelbh {ihnb{b~bh nenb{b~e boelbh qbfb~ ubho

nedbfyfbh ~idbl cihabnefbh boelbh {ihnb{b~bh dièl ~enbf }iec`bho nbpe{bnb

;(=< fi{bnb ;(9=( ^blb{ fi`baefbh cb}ubpbfb~ ìpfypbhobh ne}i`b`fbh gdil

filedbhobh nbdbc {ihnb{b~bh bfe`b~ fi~bf}iec`bhobh boelbh {ihnb{b~bh(

]idbhay~hub ideby ~idbl cic`yb~ }ecydb}e nbdbc fbaebhhub( ]ecydb}e ~ip}i`y~

~idbl ìpabub cic{ip`befe boelbh {ihnb{b~bh ubho neyfyp cihooyhbfbh

finyb#nyb ehnif} Oehe ,;(0;% nbh B~feh}gh ,;(2:%( Lb}ed fbaebh ìdeby

cihmbnbhofbh }y{bub fbinbl boelbh qbfb~ ne{ip`befe nihobh cihooyhbfbhlbn fejbubl }i`bobe {ihnb{b~bh obpe} fice}fehbh$ }ip~b cihobc edfepb dgfb}e

{ihipecb }bcbnb @bhnbp b~by dybp @bhnbp$ nbh ayob finynyfbh fiwbhobh

{ihipecb boelbh( Aycdbl `bh~ybh ubho neìpefbh ci}~edbl cihubcbe b~by

di el nbpe aypbho fice}fehbh ìpnb}bpfbh lbn fejbubl(

]i`bobe fi}ec{ydbh$ }idbeh nbpe jbf~b ~igpe~efbd$ fbaebh#fbaebh di{b}

ubho ~idbl neabdbhfbh ìpabub cic`yf~efbh }imbpb ic{epefbd ficbc{ybh

boelbh qbfb~ nbdbc cihob~b}e cb}bdbl fi~bf}iec`bhobh boelbh {ihnb{b~bh(

,`% Qbfb~ nbh [ic`b}cebh Fice}fehbh

Gàif~ej }g}eg#ifghgce ubho y~bcb `boe qbfb~ ebdbl cic`b}ce fice}fehbh

ne fbdbhobh cb}ubpbfb~ E}dbc( E}dbc cihobhoob{ fice}fehbh }i`bobe }b~y

cb}bdbl ubho }ipey}( Fice}fehbh cipy{bfbh }bdbl }b~y {yhmb ìpdbfyhub

aihbubl nbdbc cb}ubpbfb~( Fice}fehbh ayob cic`bwb fi{bnb pb}b ìhme

nbh {ipcy}ylbh ne bh~bpb ogdghobh fbub nbh ce}feh$ ubho bfbh cic`bwb

fi{bnb fghjdef }g}ebd nbdbc cb}ubpbfb~(02

Hbè Cylbccbn ]B_ cicìpe {iplb~ebh ubho ìpb~ ~iplbnb{ e}y

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12/22


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13/22


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16/22


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21/22


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22/22


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