1 FAKULTAS EKOLOGI MANUSIA INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR

Pengetahuan Lokal

MATA KULIAH PKSDA 2014

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ILMUWAN-ILMUWAN PSBM

Ruddle dan Anthony Charles Berkes dan Ostrom

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Mitos dan Tesis Baru

MITOS TESIS BARU

Mitos 1

Mitos 2

Mitos 3

Orang miskin menyebabkan kebanyakan kerusakan lingkungan

Orang miskin tidak peduli terhadap lingkungan

Orang miskin kurang memiliki pengetahuan dan sumberdaya untuk memperbaiki lingkungannya

Tesis 1

Tesis 2

Tesis 3

Orang kaya menggunakan sumberdaya lebih banyak dan memiliki dampak lingkungan yang lebih besar dari orang miskin.

Orang miskin sadar dampak negatif dari lingkungannya tergantung pada lingkungan untuk hidup

Orang miskin dapat mengelola lingkungan lebih baik, Namun pengetahuan tradisional mereka seringkali diabaikan.

Sumber : Forsyth, 2004

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PSBM Sebagai Institusi

Pilar-Pilar

Belief Worldview

Rules Organization

Method Practice

Local knowledge Kognitif 2

Kognitif 1

Regulatif

Normatif

Sumber : Dimodifikasi dari Berkes dan Scott

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RAGAM ISTILAH (Ellen & Harris, 2000)

Indigenous knowledge (IK)

Indigenous technical knowledge (ITK)

Ethnoecology Local knowledge Folk knowledge,

Traditional knowledge Traditional environmental/

ecological knowledge (TEK)

Peoples science Rural peoples knowledge

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Local Knowledge

Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) as a cumulative body of knowledge, practice and belief, evolving by adaptive processes and handed down through generations by cultural transmission, about the relationship of living beings (including humans) with one another and with their environment.

Berkes (1999:8)

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Local Knowledge

The knowledge acquired through living in contact with the natural resources of a particular area over many generations

(Haggan and Brown, 2002)

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Characteristics of IK

embedded-ness of knowledge in the local culture, boundedness of local knowledge in space and time, the importance of community, lack of separation between nature and culture, and

between subject and object,

commitment to the local environment as a unique and irreplaceable place, and

non-instrumental approach to nature Berkes (1999:10) quoted Banuri and Apffel Marglin (1993),

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Characteristics of IK (a) local, (b) orally transmitted, (c) constantly reinforced by experience, trial and error, and

deliberate experiment,

(d) empirical and empirico-hypothetical knowledge rather than theoretical knowledge in the strict sense,

(e) constantly changing, being produced as well as reproduced, discovered as well as lost,

(f) characteristically holistic, integrative and situated within broader cultural traditions.

Ellen and Harris (2000)

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Practical Significances

(a) biological information and ecological insight, (b) resources management, (c) conservation of protected area, (d) biodiversity conservation, (e) environmental assessment, (f) social development, and (g) environmental ethics (Berkes, 1999:28).

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Practical Significances (a) traditional management methods, (b) conservation, (c) stock assessment, (d) environmental impact assessment, (e) local hydrography, (f) fishing methods and technologies, and (g) fish systematics and biology. This is based on his assumption that for marine context, there

are three components ok LK : (a) fish behavior, (b) marine physical environments and fish habitats, and (c) ecosystems concept (Ruddle, 2000).

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