Perception Study of Natural Hazards明愛陳震夏郊野學園 Caritas Chan Chun Ha Field Studies Centre 3 Field Studies Courses for SS Geography 2019-2020 Focus of enquiry: Factors

明愛陳震夏郊野學園 Caritas Chan Chun Ha Field Studies Centre

1 Field Studies Courses for SS Geography 2019-2020

Perception Study of Natural Hazards

Student Name: _______________________ Group no.: ________________________

Course Date: _________________________________________________________

OBJECTIVES

Knowledge: - To understand the major natural hazards in Hong Kong

- To evaluate the perception of Hong Kong citizens on natural hazards

- To analyze the responses of Hong Kong citizens on natural hazards

Skills: - To test hypothesis

- To apply sampling methods in data collection

- To use data collection methods such as questionnaire, interview and scoring

Value: - To understand the role of human in complex man-land relationship



Relevance to the DSE geography curriculum

Opportunity and Risk — Is it rational to live in hazard-prone areas?

Concept recap: Natural hazards

Complete the table below after watching the video clips.

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Unu8nCQhmKM

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4StilBcPXsk

Natural hazard

Causes

Impacts

STAGE 1: PLANNING & PREPARATION

When do we collect data?

Date: ____________________________________

Time: _________________ to ________________

Weekend / Weekday

Season: __________________________________

How does it affect the results

of your study?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Unu8nCQhmKM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4StilBcPXsk



Focus of enquiry: Factors affecting the perception of natural hazards

What data to collect?

Referring to the following statement:

“What do people consider when deciding to leave or to stay in hazard-prone areas?”, brainstorm the

factors affecting people’s perception on natural hazards.

Perception of risk and opportunities of natural hazards

Physical factors Human/ Socio-economic factors Others

Formulating hypothesis

Referring to the above “What data to collect?”, set a hypothesis about the significant factor affecting

people’s perception on natural hazards.

If _________________________________________________ , the level of perception of respondents

on natural hazard will be higher.

Where do we collect data (refer to the map on P.12)?

Study route A / B / C / D / E / F / G / H

Scope of

sampling

Point Line Area

Locational

characteristics

(Refer to the

map on P.12)



How do we collect data?

Data collection method

Tools and equipment:

1. Questionnaire

2. Camera

Research Items

Data collection method (put a “” in appropriate boxes)

Questionnaire Interview Counting Observation Scoring

1.

2.

3.

Research Items Points to Note when Conducting the Research Items

1.

2.

3.

Interview

Questionnaire

Observation

Counting Scoring



STAGE 2: DATA COLLECTION

(A) Questionnaire and Interview

Go to your study route and interview _____ Cheung Chau residents.

Introduction:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1. Are you a Cheung Chau resident?

A. Yes, for years

B. No (Stop asking, look for another respondent.)

2. Indicate your place of residence on the map. (Students are required to MARK the location of

residence of the respondent.)

Questions related to natural hazards

3. If a strong storm surge hits Cheung Chau (like Typhoon Mangkhut in 2018) every year, would you

decide to move out of Cheung Chau?

A. Yes, because:

damage of building Threatening life causing injury old building

loss of property other places are safer others, please specify:

B. No, because:

Low rent Self-owned property Good living style

Good neighbourhood relationship Good scenery

others, please specify:

RESPONDENT:

1 / 2 / 3 / 4



4. Using interview, ask the experience and response to storm surge.

(a) Was there serious damage to your home during the hit of super typhoon Mangkhut in 2018?

How serious was the damage?

(b) After Mangkhut, did you strengthen mitigation measures? What measures had you taken?

Why did you take those measures?

Yes, because

Example(s):

No, because

You can do your transcription and categorization in the table below.

Respondent Level of damage (home) &

detail of damage

Mitigation measures

Yes, example(s) Yes, reason(s) No, reason(s)



Preparedness for storm surge

5. Do you have emergency supplies for storm surge?

A. Yes, please give at least THREE items:

B. No

6. Will you adopt necessary measures to reduce the damage of storm surge?

A. Yes, please give at least THREE items:

B. No

Knowledge of tsunami

7. Which of the following(s) cause(s) tsunami?

A. tide

B. submarine volcanic eruption

C. earthquake

8. If tsunami wave passed Cheung Chau, what would be maximum height?

A. Higher than 0 meter to lower than 2 meters

B. Higher than 2 meters to lower than 10 meters

C. Don’t know

9. Is there any tsunami warning system in Hong Kong?

A. Yes

B. No

C. Don’t know

10. Has tsunami occured in Hong Kong?

A. Yes

B. No

C. Don’t know

11. If tsunami waves are coming, you will:

A. Go up hill / inland

B. Go to the coast

C. Don’t know



12. The possibility of tsunami in Hong Kong is:

Reason:

Background of respondents

Use the space below and based on the hypothesis on P.3, set some interview questions to ask the

background of respondents.

0 1 2 3 4 5

Very High Very Low

How do the background of respondents

affect the result?



(B) Assessment score

Using the Opportunity Score Table and Risk Score Table below, assess the opportunity and risk of study

points along your study route.

1. Opportunity Score Table

(Score: Highly disagree→0 mark; Disagree→1 mark; Agree→2 marks; Highly agree→3 marks)

Assessment Items Field evidences & methods

of investigation

Study route ( ) Total score

of each item

1. Flat relief Observation + distribution of

contour line

2. Good scenery Observation

3. Rich ecological and

geomorphological

resources

Areas of woodland, stream

and natural coast +

Observation

4. Rich heritage & cultural

resources

Amount of graded historical

buildings + Observation

5. Accessibility Distance of main road to pier

+ observation

6. Vibrant economic

activities

Distance to main commercial

area + area of commercial

landuse

Total score of opportunity

2. Risk Score Table

(Score: Highly disagree→0 mark; Disagree→-1 mark; Agree→-2 marks; Highly agree→-3 marks)

Assessment Items Field evidences

& method of investigation

Study route ( ) Total score

of each item

1. Vulnerability to flooding Distribution of contour lines +

Observation

2. Prone to wave attack Distance to sea +

Observation

3. Many residents affected

by natural hazard

Area and density of

commercial landuse +

observation

4. Building be seriously

damaged by natural

hazard

Building structure +

Observation

Total score of risk (x1.5)

Total score of opportunity + Total score of risk



STAGE 3: DATA PROCESSING

(A1) Level of perception (processing data from questionnaire)

Using the table below, calculate the perception total score on natural hazards of respondents.

Perception total score = Knowledge total score + Preparedness total score

Question Answer / Score

Question Answer / Score

A B C A B

7 0 1 1 5 1/2/3* 0

8 1 1 0 6 1/2/3* 0

9 1 0 0 * ONE appropriate item or measure→ 1 mark

TWO appropriate items or measures→ 2 marks

THREE appropriate items or measures→ 3 marks

10 1 0 0

11 1 0 0

Knowledge total score: Preparedness total score:

Knowledge

total score

Knowledge

level

Preparedness

total score

Preparedness

level

Perception

total score

Perception

level

0-2 Low

＋

0-2 Low

0-4 Low

3-4 Medium 3-4 Medium 5-8 Medium

5-6 High 5-6 High 9-12 High

Respondent Knowledge

total score

Preparedness

total score

Knowledge

total score +

Preparedness

total score

Perception

level

Hypothesized items

1

2

3

4



(A2) Processing information from interview questions

Using interview (p.6, Q4), ask the experience and responses of storm surge. Through transcription and

categorization, process the responses of respondents.

(B) Level of opportunity and risk - Assessment score

［Opportunity total score］＋［Risk total score］＝ Index of opportunity and risk

Index of opportunity and risk Level of opportunity and risk Colour

R1: Risk far higher than opportunity Red

R2: Risk slightly higher than opportunity Orange

R3: Risk similar to opportunity Yellow

R4: Risk slightly lower than opportunity Green

R5: Risk far lower than opportunity Blue

STAGE 4: DATA INTERPRETATION

1. Referring to the choropleth map and comparing the opportunity total score and risk total score of

different study routes, what are the similarities for study routes with high index of opportunity and

risk?

2. Assess the relationship between the location of residence and the level of preparedness.

3. Using suitable diagrams, explain and illustrate to what extent are the perception level and your

hypothesized items related?

4. Referring to the interview result, what are the factors affecting the responses of respondents?

STAGE 5: EVALUATION

1. In which part of the fieldwork we used sampling method? Explain the merits and demerits of the

sampling method(s) used.

2. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of using scoring and questionnaire in data collection.

Propose ways to improve the data quality of this study.

3. Suggest another field study topic of endogenetic process(es) for further investigation in Cheung

Chau. Explain what and how the data should be collected.

Homework:

After the fieldwork, please organize this fieldwork experience in field trip diary on p.13-14 as a reference

for the revision of field-based question.





My Field Trip Diary

Related modules:

Key point of fieldwork/topic:

Date:____________________ ( Weekday/ Public holiday ) Weather condition:

Time:______________ Field site: _______________

Is the above planning appropriate for the fieldwork?

Primary data:

Data collection

method Data collected

Equipment/

Material (if

any)

Merit/ Limitation of the

data collection strategy

(give examples)

Suggestion for

improvement

(give explanations)

Measurement

Observation

Counting

Questionnaire/

Interview

Other (if any)

Secondary data:

Data collected Use Obtained from

Apart from the above, what other secondary data could be used for further investigation?



Sampling method (if any):

Sampling

method Data to be collected Merit/ Limitation

Data processing and presentation:

Type of graph/ chart Content shown and function of graph/chart

For deeper learning or further study, I suggest modify the following aspects.

Suggestion (give examples)

Key point of fieldwork/ topic

Data to be collected and method

of data collection

Date and time of fieldwork

Field site



Methods

Probabilistic sampling methods Non-probabilistic sampling methods

Random sampling Systematic sampling Quota sampling Convenience sampling Purposeful sampling

Explanations To select sample from the

whole population randomly.

(using computer program,

bamboo slip or random number

table)

Each member of the whole

population is sequentially

numbered, then selected

according to a fixed, periodic

interval.

The whole population are

classified according to

the variable and divided

into separate stratum.

Then desired number

(quota) of samples are

selected from each

stratum.

Research subjects are

selected due to

convenience of

recruitment.

Samples are

selected according

to research

objectives and

special

requirements.

Remarks Suitable for small population and

few variations among samples (for

relevant research objectives).

Suitable for large population

(hidden cyclic ordering which may

affect the representativeness of

data).

Effectively show the

relationship / effect of

variables, but the

characteristics and

size of samples are

judged subjectively.

Should not generalize

the data to larger

population

Suitable for

qualitative research

(data is easily

influenced by the

subjective judgment

of researcher)

Point/

Linear/

Area

Source: https://www.geography-fieldwork.org/a-level/before-starting/methods/sampling/

https://www.geography-fieldwork.org/a-level/before-starting/methods/sampling/

Documents

Perception Study of Natural Hazards明愛陳震夏郊野學園 Caritas Chan Chun Ha Field Studies Centre 3 Field Studies Courses for SS Geography 2019-2020 Focus of enquiry: Factors