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Lesson 3: What are compoundsand mixtures?

Vocabulary

compound a substance composed of two or more elements that are chemicallycombined to form a new substance

mixture a combination of substances in which the atoms of the substancesare not chemically combined

solution a substance that is formed when one substance dissolves in another

solute a substance that is dissolved

solvent the substance in which a solute is dissolved

concentration the measure of the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent

solubility the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solventat a particular temperature

Atoms TogetherA compound is a substance that is

made up of two ore more elements thatare chemically combined to a form a new

substance with different properties. Wateris a compound. It is made of the elementshydrogen and oxygen. Water is madeup of molecules. Each molecule containstwo atoms of hydrogen and one atom ofoxygen. This 2:1 ratio cannot be changed.It is a fixed ratio. The properties of acompound are different from the propertiesof the individual elements that form it.

Scientists use symbols for compounds,just as they use symbols for elements. The

symbol for hydrogen is H, the symbol foroxygen is O. The symbol for the compoundthey formwateris H

20. The small 2 tells

us that a water molecule contains twoatoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.

MixturesA mixture is a combination of

substances in which the atoms ofthe substance are combined, but notchemically joined together.

Substances in a mixture retain their ownproperties. If you put vegetables into asalad, you can later separate them. Sincethe atoms in a mixture are not chemically

joined together, the parts of mixtures canbe easily separated from one another.

SolutionsA solution is a mixture in which one

substance dissolves in another. Saltwater isone example of a solution. A solution hastwo parts. The solute is the substance thatis dissolved. The solvent is the substancein which the solvent is dissolved. Insaltwater, salt is the solute and water isthe solvent.

Solutions can be liquids, solids or gases.The measure of the amount of solute

dissolved in a solvent is concentration.A solutions concentration will often

depend on its solubility. Solubility isthe maximum amount of solute that canbe dissolved in a solvent at a particulartemperature.

Lesson 3 Summary

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Lesson 3 Checkpoint 1. The chemical formula for glucose, a type of sugar, is C

6H

12O

6. Is

glucose an element or a compound? How do you know?

2. How many atoms of hydrogen are in a particle of glucose?

3. Compare and Contrast How do the elements sodium andchlorine differ from the table salt they form? How are they alike?

4. What techniques can be used to separate a mixture?

5. Give an example of a solution and identify the two components.

6. Compare and Contrast What are the similarities anddifferences in solutions and compounds?

7. Explain what you can tell about a compound with the formulaC

6H

12O

6.

8. What is a saturated solution? Use the terms solute, solvent, anddissolve in your answer.

Lesson 3 Checkpoint

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