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Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 1 Kegiatan pembelajaran merupakan proses pendidikan dengan memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didik untuk mengembangkan potensinya menjadi kemampuan yang semakin lama semakin meningkat dalam sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan yang diperlukan untuk hidup dan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan berkontribusi bagi kesejahteraan hidup umat manusia. Kegiatan pembelajaran diarahkan untuk memberdayakan semua potensi peserta didik menjadi kompetensi yang diharapkan. Menyikapi prinsip dan tujuan kegiatan pem- belajaran di atas, maka pada edisi kali ini tim penyusun menyajikan buku Pegangan Guru sebagai acuan kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas dengan menggunakan buku KREATIF (Kreasi Belajar Siswa Aktif) yang dilengkapi dengan kompetensi inti, kompetensi dasar, program semester, silabus, rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP), serta kunci jawaban dan pembahasan. Silabus dan RPP dibuat secara lengkap, mudah dipahami, sistematis, dan mudah diterapkan dengan mengedepankan lima pengalaman belajar yaitu mengamati, menanya, mengumpulkan informasi, mengasosiasi, dan mengomunikasikan, serta dilengkapi penilaian dan pedoman penskoran. Mudah-mudahan buku ini memberikan manfaat dalam kegiatan pembelajaran guna pencapaian tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Tim Penyusun Kata Pengantar .................................................. 1 Kompetensi Inti (KI) dan Kompetensi Dasar (KD) ..................................... 2 Program Semester ............................................. 3 Silabus ............................................................... 4 Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) .......................................... 13 Kunci Jawaban dan Pembahasan ...................................................... 85

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  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 12')#0)#0)747

    Kegiatan pembelajaran merupakan prosespendidikan dengan memberikan kesempatan kepadapeserta didik untuk mengembangkan potensinyamenjadi kemampuan yang semakin lama semakinmeningkat dalamsikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilanyang diperlukan untuk hidup dan bermasyarakat,berbangsa, dan berkontribusi bagi kesejahteraan hidupumatmanusia. Kegiatan pembelajaran diarahkan untukmemberdayakan semua potensi peserta didik menjadikompetensi yang diharapkan.

    Menyikapi prinsip dan tujuan kegiatan pem-belajaran di atas, maka pada edisi kali ini tim penyusunmenyajikan buku Pegangan Guru sebagai acuankegiatan pembelajaran di kelas denganmenggunakanbuku KREATIF (Kreasi Belajar Siswa Aktif) yangdilengkapi dengan kompetensi inti, kompetensi dasar,program semester, silabus, rencana pelaksanaanpembelajaran (RPP), serta kunci jawaban danpembahasan. Silabus dan RPPdibuat secara lengkap,mudah dipahami, sistematis, dan mudah diterapkandenganmengedepankan lima pengalamanbelajar yaitumengamati, menanya, mengumpulkan informasi,mengasosiasi, danmengomunikasikan, serta dilengkapipenilaian dan pedoman penskoran.

    Mudah-mudahanbuku inimemberikanmanfaatdalam kegiatan pembelajaran guna pencapaian tujuanyang telah ditetapkan.

    Tim Penyusun

    Kata Pengantar .................................................. 1

    Kompetensi Inti (KI) dan

    Kompetensi Dasar (KD) ..................................... 2

    Program Semester............................................. 3

    Silabus ............................................................... 4

    Rencana Pelaksanaan

    Pembelajaran (RPP) .......................................... 13

    Kunci Jawaban dan

    Pembahasan ...................................................... 85

  • 2 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    KIMIA XIa (PEMINATAN)

    1. Menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran agamayang dianutnya.

    1.1 Menyadari adanya keteraturan dari sifat hidrokarbon, termokimia, laju reaksi,kesetimbangan kimia, larutan dan koloid sebagai wujud kebesaran Tuhan YangMaha Esa dan pengetahuan tentang adanya keteraturan tersebut sebagai hasilpemikiran kreatif manusia yang kebenarannya bersifat tentatif.

    1.2 Mensyukuri kekayaan alam Indonesia berupa minyak bumi, batu bara, dan gasalam serta berbagai bahan tambang lainnya sebagai anugerah Tuhan YangMaha Esa yang digunakan untuk kemakmuran rakyat Indonesia.

    2.1 Menunjukkan perilaku ilmiah (memiliki rasa ingin tahu, disiplin, jujur, objektif,terbuka, mampu membedakan fakta dan opini, ulet, teliti, bertanggung jawab,kritis, kreatif, inovatif, demokratis, komunikatif) dalam merancang dan melakukanpercobaan serta berdiskusi yang diwujudkan dalam sikap sehari-hari.

    2.2 Menunjukkan perilaku kerja sama, santun, toleransi, cinta damai, dan pedulilingkungan serta hemat dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya alam.

    2.3 Menunjukkan perilaku responsif dan proaktif serta bijaksana sebagai wujudkemampuan memecahkan masalah dan membuat keputusan.

    3.1 Menganalisis struktur dan sifat senyawa hidrokarbon berdasarkan pemahamankekhasan atom karbon dan penggolongan senyawanya.

    3.2 Memahami proses pembentukan dan teknik pemisahan fraksi-fraksi minyak bumiserta kegunaannya.

    3.3 Mengevaluasi dampak pembakaran senyawa hidrokarbon terhadap lingkungandan kesehatan serta cara mengatasinya.

    3.4 Membedakan reaksi eksoterm dan reaksi endoterm berdasarkan hasil percobaandan diagram tingkat energi.

    3.5 Menentukan 'H reaksi berdasarkan hukum Hess, data perubahan entalpipembentukan standar, dan data energi ikatan.

    3.6 Memahami teori tumbukan (tabrakan) untuk menjelaskan reaksi kimia.3.7 Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi laju reaksi dan menentukan orde

    reaksi berdasarkan data hasil percobaan.3.8 Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pergeseran arah kesetimbangan

    yang diterapkan dalam industri.3.9 Menentukan hubungan kuantitatif antara pereaksi dengan hasil reaksi dari suatu

    reaksi kesetimbangan.

    4.1 Mengolah dan menganalisis struktur dan sifat senyawa hidrokarbon berdasarkanpemahaman kekhasan atom karbon dan penggolongan senyawanya.

    4.2 Menyajikan hasil pemahaman tentang proses pembentukan dan teknikpemisahan fraksi-fraksi minyak bumi beserta kegunaannya.

    4.3 Menyajikan hasil evaluasi dampak pembakaran hidrokarbon terhadap lingkungandan kesehatan serta upaya untuk mengatasinya.

    4.4 Merancang, melakukan, dan menyimpulkan serta menyajikan hasil percobaanreaksi eksoterm dan reaksi endoterm.

    4.5 Merancang, melakukan, dan menyimpulkan serta menyajikan hasil percobaanpenentuan 'H suatu reaksi.

    4.6 Menyajikan hasil pemahaman terhadap teori tumbukan (tabrakan) untukmenjelaskan reaksi kimia.

    4.7 Merancang, melakukan, dan menyimpulkan serta menyajikan hasil percobaanfaktor-faktor yang memengaruhi laju reaksi dan orde reaksi.

    4.8 Merancang, melakukan, dan menyimpulkan serta menyajikan hasil percobaanfaktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pergeseran arah kesetimbangan.

    4.9 Memecahkan masalah terkait hubungan kuantitatif antara pereaksi dengan hasilreaksi dari suatu reaksi kesetimbangan.

    KOMPETENSI INTI KOMPETENSI DASAR

    2. Menghayati dan mengamalkan perilaku jujur,disiplin, tanggung jawab, peduli (gotong royong,kerja sama, toleransi, damai), santun, responsif danproaktif dan menunjukkan sikap sebagai bagiandari solusi atas berbagai permasalahan dalamberinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungansosial dan alam serta dalam menempatkan dirisebagai cerminan bangsa dalam pergaulan dunia.

    3. Memahami, menerapkan, dan menganalisispengetahuan faktual, konseptual, prosedural, danmetakognitif berdasarkan rasa ingin tahunyatentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, budaya,dan humaniora dengan wawasan kemanusiaan,kebangsaan, kenegaraan, dan peradaban terkaitpenyebab fenomena dan kejadian, sertamenerapkan pengetahuan prosedural padabidang kajian yang spesifik sesuai dengan bakatdan minatnya untuk memecahkan masalah.

    4. Mengolah, menalar, dan menyajikan dalam ranahkonkret dan ranah abstrak terkait denganpengembangan dari yang dipelajarinya di sekolahsecara mandiri, bertindak secara efektif dan kreatif,serta mampu menggunakan metode sesuai kaidahkeilmuan.

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 32')#0)#0)747

    : ____________________Mata Pelajaran : Kimia (Peminatan)Kelas/Semester : XI/1

    1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

    1. SENYAWA HIDROKARBONA. Identifikasi Atom C dan HB.C. Alkana 2 2D. AlkenaE. Alkuna

    2. ULANGAN HARIAN 1 2 2

    3. BAB 2 MINYAK BUMIA. Pembentukan Minyak BumiB. Fraksi Minyak BumiC. Mutu Bensin 2 2D. Dampak Pembakaran Bahan BakarE.

    4. ULANGAN HARIAN 2 2 25. 2 2

    6. BAB 3A.B.C. 4 4

    D. Perubahan Entalpi 6 4 27. ULANGAN HARIAN 3 2 2

    8. BAB 4A. 2 2B.C.

    D.

    E.9. 2 210. BAB 5

    A. 2 2B. 6 4 2C. 2 2

    D. 6 4 211. ULANGAN HARIAN 5 2 212. ULANGAN AKHIR SEMESTER 2 2

    66

    JP

    Sekolah

    ULANGAN TENGAH SEMESTER

    TERMOKIMIA

    BAB 1

    Senyawa Hidrokarbon dalamKehidupan Sehari-Hari

    No. Materi Pokok/Submateri Pokok

    Keterangan:

    Jumlah Jam

    Penerapan Laju ReaksiULANGAN HARIAN 4

    KESETIMBANGAN KIMIAKesetimbangan DinamisPergeseran Arah KesetimbanganKesetimbangan dalam KehidupanSehari-Hari dan Industri

    Pengertian Laju ReaksiTeori Tumbukan

    : Perkiraan libur semester gasal

    : Perkiraan remedial/persiapan buku Laporan Hasil Belajar (LHB)

    : Perkiraan libur hari raya Idulfitri

    : Perkiraan ulangan akhir semester gasal

    : Perkiraan kegiatan tengah semester

    : Perkiraan libur semester genap

    Tetapan Kesetimbangan (Kc dan Kp)

    : Jam Pelajaran (satu jam pelajaran = 45 menit)

    DesemberAgustus Oktober November

    Faktor-Faktor yang MemengaruhiLaju ReaksiOrde Reaksi dan Persamaan LajuReaksi

    Juli SeptemberAlokasiWaktu(JP)

    LAJU REAKSI

    Kekhasan Atom Karbon

    Reaksi Eksoterm dan ReaksiEndoterm

    Sistem dan LingkunganKalor dan Hukum Kekekalan Energi

    2

    8

    2

    22

    2

    2

    2

    2

    2

    2

    2

    2 4 2

    2

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  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 92')#0)#0)747

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  • 10 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

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  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 112')#0)#0)747

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  • 12 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

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  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 132')#0)#0)747

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    MGMJCUCPFCPRGPIIQNQPICP

    /GNCMWMCPRGTEQDCCP VGPVCPI CFCP[CCVQO%*FCP1

    $GTFKUMWUKWPVWMOGPIQNCJCPCNKUKUUGP[CYCCNMCPCFCTKUVTWMVWTUKHCVMGMJCUCPFCPRGPIIQNQPICP

    $GTFKUMWUKWPVWMOGPIQNCJCPCNKUKUUGP[CYCCNMGPCFCTKUVTWMVWTUKHCVMGMJCUCPFCPRGPIIQNQPICP

    $GTFKUMWUKWPVWMOGPIQNCJCPCNKUKUUGP[CYCCNMWPCFCTKUVTWMVWTUKHCVMGMJCUCPFCPRGPIIQNQPICP

    /GPIQNCJFCPOGPICPCNKUKUUVTWMVWTFCPUKHCVUGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPDGTFCUCTMCPRGOCJCOCPMGMJCUCPCVQOMCTDQPFCPRGPIIQNQPICPUGP[CYCP[C

  • 14 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    % 6WLWCP2GODGNCLCTCP2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCV /GPIGPCN UGP[CYCMCTDQPOGNCNWK FGOQPUVTCUK RGODCMCTCPUGP[CYCMCTDQP /GOCJCOKRGTDGFCCPUGP[CYCMCTDQPQTICPKMFCPUGP[CYCMCTDQPCPQTICPKM /GPIGPCNCFCP[CCVQO%*FCP1OGNCNWKRGTEQDCCPKFGPVKHKMCUKUGP[CYC /GOCJCOKMGMJCUCPCVQOMCTDQP /GOCJCOK LGPKUCVQO%DGTFCUCTMCP LWONCJCVQO%[CPI VGTKMCV RCFC TCPVCK CVQOMCTDQP CVQO%

    RTKOGTCVQO%UGMWPFGTCVQO%VGTUKGTFCPCVQO%MWCTVGPGT2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCV /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK UGP[CYCCNMCPCDGTFCUCTMCP UVTWMVWTOQNGMWNP[C /GOCJCOKVCVCPCOCUGP[CYCCNMCPC /GORTGFKMUK KUQOGT UGP[CYCCNMCPC /GOCJCOKJWDWPICP KUQOGTUGP[CYCCNMCPCFGPICP VKVKMFKFKJ /GOCJCOKUKHCVHKUKUUGP[CYCCNMCPC /GOCJCOK TGCMUK UGP[CYCCNMCPC2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCV /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK UGP[CYCCNMGPCFCPCNMWPCDGTFCUCTMCPUVTWMVWTOQNGMWNP[C /GOCJCOKVCVCPCOCUGP[CYCCNMGPCFCPCNMWPC /GORTGFKMUK KUQOGTUGP[CYCCNMGPCFCPCNMWPC /GOCJCOKJWDWPICP KUQOGTUGP[CYCCNMGPCFCPCNMWPCFGPICPVKVKMFKFKJ /GOCJCOKUKHCVHKUKUUGP[CYCCNMGPCFCPCNMWPC /GOCJCOKTGCMUKUGP[CYCCNMGPCFCPCNMWPC2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCVOGPIGTLCMCPUQCNWNCPICPJCTKCP

    & /CVGTK2GODGNCLCTCP 2GTVGOWCP

    C +FGPVKHKMCUK#VQO%FCP*D -GMJCUCP#VQO-CTDQPE #VQO-CTDQP2TKOGT5GMWPFGT6GTUKGTFCP-WCTVGPGT

    2GTVGOWCPC 5VTWMVWT#NMCPCD 6CVC0COC5GP[CYC#NMCPCE +UQOGTF 5KHCV5KHCV#NMCPC

    2GTVGOWCPC 5VTWMVWT#NMGPCD 6CVC0COC5GP[CYC#NMGPCE +UQOGT#NMGPCF 5KHCV5KHCV#NMGPCG 5VTWMVWT#NMWPCH 6CVC0COC5GP[CYC#NMWPCI +UQOGT#NMWPCJ 5KHCV5KHCV#NMWPC

    2GTVGOWCP7NCPICP*CTKCP

    ' /GVQFG2GODGNCLCTCP /GVQFGUCKPVKHKM 2GODGNCLCTCP MQPVGMUVWCN FCP MQQRGTCVKH

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 152')#0)#0)747

    ( 5WODGT$GNCLCT $WMWRCMGV-KOKC-GNCU:+5/# $WMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCPUF $WMWRGNCLCTCP-KOKC[CPI TGNGXCP $WMWDWMW NCKP[CPI TGNGXCP

    ) /GFKC2GODGNCLCTCP /GFKC

    C 6CDGNRGTDGFCCPUGP[CYCMCTDQPQTICPKMFGPICPUGP[CYCMCTDQPCPQTICPKMFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    D )CODCT TCPIMCKCPCNCV RGTEQDCCPFCP NCPIMCJ MGTLC RGPIWLKCP CVQO%* FCP1FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    E )CODCTUVTWMVWTOQNGMWNFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCPUF

    F 6CDGNDGPVWMTWOWUUVTWMVWTUGP[CYCCNMCPCFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    G 6CDGNTWOWUOQNGMWNFCPPCOCUGP[CYCCNMCPCFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    H 6CDGN JWDWPICP KUQOGTFCP VKVKM FKFKJ UGP[CYCRGPVCPGFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC 2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    I )CODCTUVTWMVWTOQNGMWNCNMGPCFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    J 6CDGNTWOWUOQNGMWNFCPPCOCUGP[CYCCNMGPCFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    K 6CDGNTWOWUOQNGMWNFCPPCOCUGP[CYCCNMWPCFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    L .GODCTUQCNWNCPICPJCTKCPDCDM /GFKC NCKP[CPITGNGXCP

    #NCVFCP$CJCPC 6CDWPITGCMUKRKRCMCECUVCVKHMNGOMCRCUFCPCNCVRGODCMCTD )WNCRCUKTVGRWPIDGTCUUWUWDWDWMMGTVCUMQDCNCKTMCRWTUGTDWM%W1FCPNCTWVCP%C1*E /GFKCEGVCMFCPGNGMVTQPKMF #NCVFCPDCJCPNCKP[CPITGNGXCP

    * .CPIMCJ.CPIMCJ-GIKCVCP2GODGNCLCTCP2GTVGOWCP 2GPFCJWNWCPOGPKV

    C )WTWOGP[KCRMCPRGUGTVCFKFKMUGECTCRUKMKUFCPHKUKMWPVWMOGPIKMWVKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPVGPVCPIKFGPVKHKMCUKCVQO%FCP*UGTVCMGMJCUCPCVQOMCTDQP

    D )WTWOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPVGPVCPIOCVGTK[CPIUWFCJFKRGNCLCTKFCPVGTMCKVFGPICPOCVGTK[CPICMCPFKRGNCLCTK

    E )WTWOGPICPVCTMCPRGUGTVC FKFKM MGRCFC UWCVWRGTOCUCNCJCPCVCW VWICU [CPICMCPFKNCMWMCPWPVWMOGORGNCLCTKOCVGTKKFGPVKHKMCUKCVQO%FCP*UGTVCMGMJCUCPCVQOMCTDQP

    F )WTWOGPLGNCUMCPVWLWCPRGODGNCLCTCPCVCWMQORGVGPUKFCUCT[CPICMCPFKECRCKG )WTWOGP[CORCKMCP ICTKU DGUCT ECMWRCPOCVGTK FCP RGPLGNCUCP VGPVCPI MGIKCVCP [CPI CMCP

    FKNCMWMCPRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGP[GNGUCKMCPRGTOCUCNCJCPCVCWVWICUVGPVCPIKFGPVKHKMCUKCVQO%FCP*UGTVCMGMJCUCPCVQOMCTDQP

    -GIKCVCP+PVKOGPKV-GIKCVCPC /GPICOCVK

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPVGPVCPIRGPIWLKCPWPUWT%FCPWPUWT*FCNCORGTEQDCCP

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUK RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPWPVWMOGNCVKJ RGUGTVC FKFKMFCNCOOGORGTJCVKMCP JCN RGPVKPI VGPVCPIRGTWDCJCP [CPI VGTLCFK RCFCRGOCPCUCPIWNCFCPDCJCP NCKPP[C

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUK RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGPICOCVK FCPOGPIJWDWPIMCP MCKVCPP[CFGPICPUGP[CYC%*FCP1

  • 16 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    D /GPCP[C )WTWOGODWMC MGUGORCVCP UGECTC NWCU MGRCFC RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWM DGTVCP[COGPIGPCK

    KFGPVKHKMCUKCVQO%FCP*[CPIUWFCJFKCOCVKP[C )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMFCRCVOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPUGECTCOCPFKTKUGRGTVK

    C $CICKOCPCECTCOGNCMWMCPKFGPVKHKMCUKWPUWT%FCP*!D #RCRGTWDCJCP[CPIVGTLCFKRCFCKFGPVKHKMCUK%FCP*!

    )WTWOGPIGODCPIMCPTCUCKPIKPVCJWRGUGTVCFKFKMFCTKRGTVCP[CCP[CPIVGNCJFKCLWMCP )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPECTKKPHQTOCUK[CPINGDKJNCPLWVFCPDGTCICOFCTK

    DGTDCICK UWODGTE /GPIWORWNMCP&CVC

    )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIICNKFCPOGPIWORWNMCPFCVCFCTKRGTEQDCCP[CPIVGNCJFKNCMWMCPFCPOGPECVCVP[C RCFC VCDGN JCUKN MGTLC RCFC VWICU MGNQORQMFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    2GUGTVCFKFKMFKDCIKOGPLCFKDGDGTCRCMGNQORQMUGVKCRMGNQORQM VGTFKTKFCTKGPCORGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIMCLK NGDKJ LCWJVGPVCPIFCVCRGTEQDCCP[CPIFKRGTQNGJ

    5GVKCRMGNQORQMOGPFKUMWUKMCP VGPVCPIJCUKNRGPICOCVCPF /GPICUQUKCUK

    /GPFKUMWUKMCPVGPVCPIJCUKNOGPIWLKWPUWT%FCPJCUKNOGPIWLKWPUWT*FCP1 /GODWCVMGUKORWNCP VGPVCPIRGPIWLKCPWPUWT% /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPIRGPIWLKCPWPUWT*FCP1

    G /GPIQOWPKMCUKMCP 2GUGTVCFKFKMOGP[WUWPDCJCPRCRCTCPVGPVCPIJCUKNRGTEQDCCPRGPIWLKCPCFCP[CWPUWT%

    *FCP1 2GUGTVC FKFKMOGORTGUGPVCUKMCPJCUKN RGTEQDCCPRGPIWLKCP CFCP[CWPUWT%* FCP1FK

    FGRCP MGNCU 2GUGTVCFKFKMOGODWCV NCRQTCPJCUKNRGTEQDCCP )WTWOGPKNCKJCUKNRTGUGPVCUKFCPVCP[CLCYCDUGDCICKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

    -GIKCVCPC /GPCP[C

    )WTWOGODWMC MGUGORCVCP UGECTC NWCU MGRCFC RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWM DGTVCP[COGPIGPCKMGMJCUCPCVQOMCTDQP

    )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMFCRCVOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPUGECTCOCPFKTKUGRGTVKC #RCUCLCEKTKMJCU[CPIFKOKNKMKQNGJCVQOMCTDQP!D #RCRGPIGTVKCPCVQOUGMWPFGTFCPCVQOVGTUKGT!

    )WTWOGPIGODCPIMCPTCUCKPIKPVCJWRGUGTVCFKFKMFCTKRGTVCP[CCP[CPIVGNCJFKCLWMCP )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPECTKKPHQTOCUK[CPINGDKJNCPLWVFCPDGTCICOFCTK

    DGTDCICK UWODGTD /GPIWORWNMCP&CVC

    )WTWOGODKODKPI RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGPIICNK FCPOGPIWORWNMCP KPHQTOCUK VGPVCPIMGMJCUCPCVQOMCTDQPFCTKDGTDCICKUWODGTOGNCNWKCTVKMGNCTVKMGNFKDGTDCICKOGFKC

    2GUGTVCFKFKMFKDCIKOGPLCFKDGDGTCRCMGNQORQMUGVKCRMGNQORQM VGTFKTKFCTKGPCORGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIMCLK NGDKJ LCWJ MGMJCUCPCVQOMCTDQPFCPCVQOMCTDQPRTKOGT UGMWPFGTVGTUKGTFCPMWCTVGPGT

    E /GPICUQUKCUK /GPFKUMWUKMCP CTVKMGN VGPVCPI MGMJCUCP CVQO MCTDQP FCP CVQO MCTDQP RTKOGT UGMWPFGT

    VGTUKGTFCPMWCTVGPGT /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPIMGMJCUCPCVQOMCTDQP /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPICVQOMCTDQPRTKOGTUGMWPFGTVGTUKGTFCPMWCTVGPGT

    F /GPIQOWPKMCUKMCP 2GUGTVC FKFKMOGP[WUWPDCJCPRCRCTCP VGPVCPI MGMJCUCPCVQOMCTDQP FCPCVQO MCTDQP

    RTKOGTUGMWPFGTVGTUKGTFCPMWCTVGPGT 2GUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGORTGUGPVCUKMCP JCUKN MGIKCVCP VGPVCPI MGMJCUCPCVQOMCTDQP FCP

    CVQOMCTDQPRTKOGTUGMWPFGTVGTUKGTFCPMWCTVGPGTFKFGRCPMGNCU )WTWOGPKNCKJCUKNRTGUGPVCUKFCPVCP[CLCYCDUGDCICKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 172')#0)#0)747

    2GPWVWROGPKVC )WTWDGTUCOCFGPICPRGUGTVCFKFKMOGODWCVUKORWNCPFCTKRGNCLCTCP[CPIDCTWUCLCFKLCNCPMCPD )WTWOGNCMWMCPRGPKNCKCPFCPCVCW TGHNGMUK VGTJCFCR MGIKCVCP [CPI UWFCJFKNCMUCPCMCP UGECTC

    MQPUKUVGPFCP VGTRTQITCOE )WTWOGODGTKMCPWORCPDCNKM VGTJCFCRRTQUGUFCPJCUKNRGODGNCLCTCPF )WTWOGODGTKMCP VWICU MGRCFCRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIGTLCMCPUQCN TGXKGYFCPRGPGTCRCP

    FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCPUF

    G )WTWOGP[CORCKMCPTGPECPCMGIKCVCPVKPFCM NCPLWVFCNCODGPVWMRGODGNCLCTCPTGOKFKRTQITCORGPIC[CCPNC[CPCPMQPUGNKPIFCPCVCWVWICUKPFKXKFWCNCVCWMGNQORQMUGUWCKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

    H )WTWOGP[CORCKMCPTGPECPCRGODGNCLCTCPWPVWMDCJCUCPUGP[CYCCNMCPCMGTLCWPVWMRGTVGOWCPDGTKMWVP[C

    2GTVGOWCP 2GPFCJWNWCPOGPKV

    C )WTWOGP[CORCKMCPUCNCOFCPOGPCP[CMCPMCDCTRGUGTVCFKFKMD )WTWOGP[KCRMCPRGUGTVCFKFKMUGECTCRUKMKUFCPHKUKMWPVWMOGPIKMWVKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPVGPVCPI

    UGP[CYCCNMCPCE )WTWOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPVGPVCPIOCVGTK[CPIUWFCJFKRGNCLCTKFCPVGTMCKVFGPICP

    OCVGTK[CPICMCPFKRGNCLCTKF )WTWOGPICPVCTMCPRGUGTVC FKFKM MGRCFC UWCVWRGTOCUCNCJCPCVCW VWICU [CPICMCPFKNCMWMCP

    WPVWMOGORGNCLCTKOCVGTKUGP[CYCCNMCPCG )WTWOGPLGNCUMCPVWLWCPRGODGNCLCTCPCVCWMQORGVGPUKFCUCT[CPICMCPFKECRCKH )WTWOGP[CORCKMCPICTKUDGUCTECMWRCPOCVGTKFCPRGPLGNCUCPVGPVCPIUGP[CYCCNMCPC

    -GIKCVCP+PVKOGPKV-GIKCVCPC /GPICOCVK

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPVGTJCFCRVCDGNTWOWUUVTWMVWTUGP[CYCCNMCPC

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPOGNCNWK MGIKCVCPOGPICOCVK TWOWU UVTWMVWT CNMCPC FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH -KOKC

    2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUKRGUGTVCFKFKMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPWPVWMOGNCVKJRGUGTVCFKFKMFCNCOOGORGTJCVKMCPJCNRGPVKPIRCFCUGP[CYCCNMCPCC 5VTWMVWT NGYKUCNMCPCD 4WOWUUVTWMVWTCNMCPCE 4WOWUOQNGMWN CNMCPCF 4WOWUWOWOCNMCPCG 0COCUGP[CYCCNMCPCH 2GPWNKUCPTWOWUUVTWMVWT

    D /GPCP[C )WTWOGODWMC MGUGORCVCP UGECTC NWCU MGRCFC RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWM DGTVCP[COGPIGPCK

    TWOWUUVTWMVWTVCVCPCOCFCPRGPWNKUCPCNMCPC[CPIUWFCJFKCOCVKP[C )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMFCRCVOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPUGECTCOCPFKTKUGRGTVK

    C $CICKOCPCUVTWMVWT UGP[CYCCNMCPC!D $CICKOCPCDGPVWMTWOWUWOWOCNMCPC!

    )WTWOGPIGODCPIMCPTCUCKPIKPVCJWRGUGTVCFKFKMFCTKRGTVCP[CCP[CPIVGNCJFKCLWMCP )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPECTKKPHQTOCUK[CPINGDKJNCPLWVFCPDGTCICOFCTK

    DGTDCICK UWODGTE /GPIWORWNMCP&CVC

    C )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIICNKFCPOGPIWORWNMCPKPHQTOCUKVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTVCVCPCOCFCPRGPWNKUCPCNMCPC

    D 2GUGTVCFKFKMFKDCIKOGPLCFKDGDGTCRCMGNQORQMUGVKCRMGNQORQM VGTFKTKFCTKGPCORGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIMCLKNGDKJLCWJVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTVCVCPCOCFCPRGPWNKUCPCNMCPC

    E 5GVKCR MGNQORQMOGPIWORWNMCP FCVC FCTK DGTDCICK UWODGT WPVWMOGPFKUMWUKMCP VGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTVCVCPCOCFCPRGPWNKUCPCNMCPC

  • 18 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    F /GPICUQUKCUK /GPFKUMWUKMCPVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTVCVCPCOCFCPRGPWNKUCPCNMCPC /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTCNMCPC /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPIVCVCPCOCUGP[CYCCNMCPC

    G /GPIQOWPKMCUKMCP 2GUGTVC FKFKMOGP[WUWPDCJCPRCRCTCP VGPVCPI TWOWU UVTWMVWT VCVC PCOC FCPRGPWNKUCP

    CNMCPC 2GUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGORTGUGPVCUKMCPJCUKNMGIKCVCPTWOWUUVTWMVWTVCVCPCOCFCPRGPWNKUCP

    CNMCPCFKFGRCPMGNCU )WTWOGPKNCKJCUKNRTGUGPVCUKFCPVCP[CLCYCDUGDCICKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

    -GIKCVCPC /GPICOCVK

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCP VGTJCFCR VCDGN KUQOGTFCPJWDWPICPP[CFGPICP VKVKMFKFKJ

    )WTWOGODWMCUGECTCNWCUVGPVCPIUKHCVHKUKUFCPUKHCVMKOKCUGP[CYCCNMCPC )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCP

    RGPICOCVCPOGNCNWK MGIKCVCP KPFKXKFW VGPVCPI LWONCJ KUQOGT FCNCO DWMW-TGCVKH -KOKC

    2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUKRGUGTVCFKFKMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPWPVWMOGNCVKJRGUGTVCFKFKMFCNCOOGORGTJCVKMCPJCNRGPVKPIRCFCUGP[CYCCNMCPCC 2GPIGTVKCP KUQOGTD *WDWPICP KUQOGTFGPICP VKVKMFKFKJE 5KHCVHKUKMCFCPMKOKCF /GPWNKUMCP TGCMUK UGP[CYCCNMCPC

    D /GPCP[C )WTWOGODWMC MGUGORCVCP UGECTC NWCU MGRCFC RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWM DGTVCP[COGPIGPCK

    KUQOGTFCPUKHCVCNMCPC[CPIUWFCJFKCOCVKP[C )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMFCRCVOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPUGECTCOCPFKTKUGRGTVK

    C #RCRGPIGTVKCP KUQOGT!D $CICKOCPC TGCMUK UGP[CYCCNMCPC!

    )WTWOGPIGODCPIMCPTCUCKPIKPVCJWRGUGTVCFKFKMFCTKRGTVCP[CCP[CPIVGNCJFKCLWMCP )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPECTKKPHQTOCUK[CPINGDKJNCPLWVFCPDGTCICOFCTK

    DGTDCICK UWODGTE /GPIWORWNMCP&CVC

    )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIICNKFCPOGPIWORWNMCPKPHQTOCUKVGPVCPIKUQOGTFCPUKHCVCNMCPC

    5GVKCRRGUGTVCFKFKMOGPIMCLKNGDKJLCWJVGPVCPILWONCJKUQOGTRCFCOCUKPIOCUKPIUGP[CYCCNMCPCRCFCVCDGNVWICUKPFKXKFWFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    F /GPICUQUKCUK /GODWCVMGUKORWNCP VGPVCPI LWONCJ KUQOGTUGP[CYCCNMCPC /GODWCVMGUKORWNCP VGPVCPITGCMUKUGP[CYCCNMCPC

    G /GPIQOWPKMCUKMCPC 2GUGTVCFKFKMOGP[WUWPDCJCPRCRCTCPVGPVCPIKUQOGTFCPTGCMUKCNMCPCD 2GUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGORTGUGPVCUKMCP JCUKN MGIKCVCP KUQOGT FCP TGCMUK CNMCPC FK FGRCP

    MGNCUE )WTWOGPKNCKJCUKNRTGUGPVCUKFCPVCP[CLCYCDUGDCICKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

    2GPWVWROGPKVC )WTWDGTUCOCFGPICPRGUGTVCFKFKMOGODWCVUKORWNCPFCTKRGNCLCTCP[CPIDCTWUCLCFKLCNCPMCPD )WTWOGNCMWMCPRGPKNCKCPFCPCVCW TGHNGMUK VGTJCFCR MGIKCVCP [CPI UWFCJFKNCMUCPCMCP UGECTC

    MQPUKUVGPFCP VGTRTQITCOE )WTWOGODGTKMCPWORCPDCNKM VGTJCFCRRTQUGUFCPJCUKNRGODGNCLCTCPF )WTWOGODGTKMCP VWICU MGRCFCRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIGTLCMCPUQCN TGXKGYFCPRGPGTCRCP

    FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCPUF

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 192')#0)#0)747

    G )WTWOGP[CORCKMCPTGPECPCMGIKCVCPVKPFCM NCPLWVFCNCODGPVWMRGODGNCLCTCPTGOKFKRTQITCORGPIC[CCPNC[CPCPMQPUGNKPIFCPCVCWVWICUKPFKXKFWCNCVCWMGNQORQMUGUWCKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

    H )WTWOGP[CORCKMCP TGPECPCRGODGNCLCTCP WPVWM DCJCUCP UGP[CYCCNMGPC FCPCNMWPC WPVWMRGTVGOWCPDGTKMWVP[C

    2GTVGOWCP 2GPFCJWNWCPOGPKV

    C )WTWOGP[CORCKMCPUCNCOFCPOGPCP[CMCPMCDCTRGUGTVCFKFKMD )WTWOGP[KCRMCPRGUGTVCFKFKMUGECTCRUKMKUFCPHKUKMWPVWMOGPIKMWVKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPVGPVCPI

    UGP[CYCCNMGPCFCPCNMWPCE )WTWOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPVGPVCPIOCVGTK[CPIUWFCJFKRGNCLCTKFCPVGTMCKVFGPICP

    OCVGTK[CPICMCPFKRGNCLCTKF )WTWOGPICPVCTMCPRGUGTVC FKFKM MGRCFC UWCVWRGTOCUCNCJCPCVCW VWICU [CPICMCPFKNCMWMCP

    WPVWMOGORGNCLCTKOCVGTKUGP[CYCCNMGPCFCPCNMWPCG )WTWOGPLGNCUMCPVWLWCPRGODGNCLCTCPCVCWMQORGVGPUKFCUCT[CPICMCPFKECRCKH )WTWOGP[CORCKMCPICTKU DGUCT ECMWRCPOCVGTK FCP RGPLGNCUCP VGPVCPI UGP[CYCCNMGPC FCP

    CNMWPC -GIKCVCP+PVKOGPKV

    -GIKCVCPC /GPICOCVK

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPVGTJCFCRVCDGNTWOWUUVTWMVWTUGP[CYCCNMGPC

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPOGNCNWK MGIKCVCPOGPICOCVK TWOWU UVTWMVWT CNMGPC FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH -KOKC

    2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPOGNCNWK MGIKCVCP KPFKXKFW VGPVCPI LWONCJ KUQOGT FCNCO DWMW-TGCVKH -KOKC

    2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUKRGUGTVCFKFKMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPWPVWMOGNCVKJRGUGTVCFKFKMFCNCOOGORGTJCVKMCPJCNRGPVKPIRCFCUGP[CYCCNMGPCC 4WOWUUVTWMVWTCNMGPCD 4WOWUOQNGMWN CNMGPCE 4WOWUWOWOCNMGPCF 0COCUGP[CYCCNMGPCG 2GPWNKUCPTWOWUUVTWMVWTH ,WONCJ KUQOGTI 5KHCVHKUKMCFCPMKOKCJ /GPWNKUMCP TGCMUK UGP[CYCCNMGPC

    D /GPCP[C )WTWOGODWMC MGUGORCVCP UGECTC NWCU MGRCFC RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWM DGTVCP[COGPIGPCK

    TWOWUUVTWMVWTVCVCPCOCFCPRGPWNKUCPKUQOGTFCPUKHCVCNMGPC[CPIUWFCJFKCOCVKP[C )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMFCRCVOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPUGECTCOCPFKTKUGRGTVK

    C $CICKOCPCUVTWMVWT UGP[CYCCNMGPC!D $CICKOCPCDGPVWMTWOWUWOWOCNMGPC!E #RCRGPIGTVKCP KUQOGT!F $CICKOCPC TGCMUK UGP[CYCCNMGPC!

    )WTWOGPIGODCPIMCPTCUCKPIKPVCJWRGUGTVCFKFKMFCTKRGTVCP[CCP[CPIVGNCJFKCLWMCP )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPECTKKPHQTOCUK[CPINGDKJNCPLWVFCPDGTCICOFCTK

    DGTDCICK UWODGTE /GPIWORWNMCP&CVC

    C )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIICNKFCPOGPIWORWNMCPKPHQTOCUKVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTUGTVCLWONCJKUQOGTCNMGPC

    D 2GUGTVCFKFKMFKDCIKOGPLCFKDGDGTCRCMGNQORQMUGVKCRMGNQORQM VGTFKTKFCTKGPCORGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIMCLKNGDKJLCWJVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTUGTVCLWONCJKUQOGTCNMGPC

    E 5GVKCR MGNQORQMOGPIWORWNMCP FCVC FCTK DGTDCICK UWODGT WPVWMOGPFKUMWUKMCP VGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTUGTVCLWONCJKUQOGTCNMGPC

  • 20 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    F /GPICUQUKCUK /GPFKUMWUKMCPVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTUGTVCLWONCJKUQOGTCNMGPC /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTCNMGPC /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPILWONCJKUQOGTFCPUKHCVCNMGPC

    G /GPIQOWPKMCUKMCP 2GUGTVCFKFKMOGP[WUWPDCJCPRCRCTCPVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTUGTVCLWONCJKUQOGTFCPUKHCVCNMGPC 2GUGTVCFKFKMOGORTGUGPVCUKMCPJCUKNMGIKCVCPTWOWUUVTWMVWTUGTVCLWONCJKUQOGTFCPUKHCV

    CNMGPCFKFGRCPMGNCU )WTWOGPKNCKJCUKNRTGUGPVCUKFCPVCP[CLCYCDUGDCICKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

    -GIKCVCPC /GPICOCVK

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPVGTJCFCRVCDGNTWOWUUVTWMVWTUGP[CYCCNMWPC

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPOGNCNWK MGIKCVCPOGPICOCVK TWOWU UVTWMVWT CNMWPC FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH -KOKC

    2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPOGNCNWK MGIKCVCP KPFKXKFW VGPVCPI LWONCJ KUQOGT FCNCO DWMW-TGCVKH -KOKC

    2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUKRGUGTVCFKFKMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPWPVWMOGNCVKJRGUGTVCFKFKMFCNCOOGORGTJCVKMCPJCNRGPVKPIRCFCUGP[CYCCNMWPCC 4WOWUUVTWMVWTCNMWPCD 4WOWUOQNGMWN CNMWPCE 4WOWUWOWOCNMWPCF 0COCUGP[CYCCNMWPCG 2GPWNKUCPTWOWUUVTWMVWTH ,WONCJ KUQOGTI 5KHCVHKUKMCFCPMKOKCJ /GPWNKUMCP TGCMUK UGP[CYCCNMWPC

    D /GPCP[C )WTWOGODWMC MGUGORCVCP UGECTC NWCU MGRCFC RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWM DGTVCP[COGPIGPCK

    TWOWUUVTWMVWTVCVCPCOCFCPRGPWNKUCPKUQOGTFCPUKHCVCNMWPC[CPIUWFCJFKCOCVKP[C )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMFCRCVOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPUGECTCOCPFKTKUGRGTVK

    C $CICKOCPCUVTWMVWT UGP[CYCCNMWPC!D $CICKOCPCDGPVWMTWOWUWOWOCNMWPC!E #RCRGPIGTVKCP KUQOGT!F $CICKOCPC TGCMUK UGP[CYCCNMWPC!

    )WTWOGPIGODCPIMCPTCUCKPIKPVCJWRGUGTVCFKFKMFCTKRGTVCP[CCP[CPIVGNCJFKCLWMCP )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPECTKKPHQTOCUK[CPINGDKJNCPLWVFCPDGTCICOFCTK

    DGTDCICK UWODGTE /GPIWORWNMCP&CVC

    )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIICNKFCPOGPIWORWNMCPKPHQTOCUKVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTUGTVCLWONCJKUQOGTCNMWPC

    2GUGTVCFKFKMFKDCIKOGPLCFKDGDGTCRCMGNQORQMUGVKCRMGNQORQM VGTFKTKFCTKGPCORGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIMCLKNGDKJLCWJVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTUGTVCLWONCJKUQOGTCNMWPC

    5GVKCR MGNQORQMOGPIWORWNMCP FCVC FCTK DGTDCICK UWODGT WPVWMOGPFKUMWUKMCP VGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTUGTVCLWONCJKUQOGTCNMWPC

    F /GPICUQUKCUK /GPFKUMWUKMCPVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTUGTVCLWONCJKUQOGTCNMWPC /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTCNMWPC /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPILWONCJKUQOGTFCPUKHCVCNMWPC

    G /GPIQOWPKMCUKMCPC 2GUGTVCFKFKMOGP[WUWPDCJCPRCRCTCPVGPVCPITWOWUUVTWMVWTUGTVCLWONCJKUQOGTFCPUKHCVCNMWPCD 2GUGTVCFKFKMOGORTGUGPVCUKMCPJCUKNMGIKCVCPTWOWUUVTWMVWTUGTVCLWONCJKUQOGTFCPUKHCV

    CNMWPCFKFGRCPMGNCUE )WTWOGPKNCKJCUKNRTGUGPVCUKFCPVCP[CLCYCDUGDCICKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 212')#0)#0)747

    2GPWVWROGPKVC )WTWDGTUCOCFGPICPRGUGTVCFKFKMOGODWCVUKORWNCPFCTKRGNCLCTCP[CPIDCTWUCLCFKLCNCPMCPD )WTWOGNCMWMCPRGPKNCKCPFCPCVCW TGHNGMUK VGTJCFCR MGIKCVCP [CPI UWFCJFKNCMUCPCMCP UGECTC

    MQPUKUVGPFCP VGTRTQITCOE )WTWOGODGTKMCPWORCPDCNKM VGTJCFCRRTQUGUFCPJCUKNRGODGNCLCTCPF )WTWOGODGTKMCP VWICU MGRCFCRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIGTLCMCPUQCN TGXKGYFCPRGPGTCRCP

    FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCPUF

    G )WTWOGODGTKMCPVWICUMGRCFCRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIGTLCMCPUQCNTGXKGYFCPRGPGTCRCPFCNCO DWMW-TGCVKH -KOKC 2GOKPCVCP-GNCU :+ UGOGUVGT VGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    H )WTWOGODGTKMCPVWICURTQ[GMWPVWMOGPECTKDGDGTCRCMGIWPCCPUGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPFKUGMKVCTRCFCVWICURTQ[GMFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    I )WTWOGP[CORCKMCPTGPECPCMGIKCVCPVKPFCM NCPLWVFCNCODGPVWMRGODGNCLCTCPTGOKFKRTQITCORGPIC[CCPNC[CPCPMQPUGNKPIFCPCVCWVWICUKPFKXKFWCNCVCWMGNQORQMUGUWCKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

    J )WTWOGP[CORCKMCP TGPECPC RGODGNCLCTCP WPVWM DCJCUCPOKP[CM DWOK WPVWM RGTVGOWCPDGTKMWVP[C

    2GTVGOWCP 7NCPICP*CTKCPOGPKV

    C /GPIGTLCMCPUQCN WNCPICPJCTKCPFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC 2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+ UGOGUVGT VGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCPUF

    D /GPIGTLCMCPUQCNRKNKJCPICPFCUGLWONCJDWVKTUQCNE /GPIGTLCMCPUQCNWTCKCPUGLWONCJDWVKTUQCN

    2GODCJCUCPOGPKV/GODCJCUUQCNWNCPICPJCTKCP

    + 2GPKNCKCP 5KMCR5RKTKVWCN

    C 6GMPKM RGPKNCKCP QDUGTXCUKD $GPVWM KPUVTWOGP NGODCTQDUGTXCUKE -KUKMKUK

    0Q 5KMCR0KNCK $WVKT+PUVTWOGP

    -GOCORWCPWPVWMOGPIGPCNKFCPOGP[CFCTKJCUKNRGOKMKTCPMTGCVKHOCPWUKC[CPIMGDGPCTCPP[C DGTUKHCV VGPVCVKH UGDCICKOCMJNWM 6WJCP;CPI/CJC'UC CVCUMGDGUCTCPFCPEKRVCCP0[COGNCNWKMGVGTCVWTCPUKHCVJKFTQMCTDQP

    -GOCORWCPWPVWMOGPICOCNMCPPKNCKPKNCKCICOCFCNCODGTRKMKTMTGCVKH

    0Q 5KMCR0KNCK $WVKT+PUVTWOGP

    $GTUKMCRKNOKCJFCNCOOGTCPECPIFCPOGNCMWMCPRGTEQDCCPFCPFKUMWUK

    2GFWNKNKPIMWPICPFCNCOOGOCPHCCVMCPUWODGTFC[CCNCO

    $GTUKMCR TGURQPUKH RTQCMVKH FCP DKLCMUCPC FCNCOOGOGECJMCPOCUCNCJ FCPOGODWCVMGRWVWUCP

    +PUVTWOGPNKJCVNCORKTCP

    5KMCR5QUKCNC 6GMPKM RGPKNCKCP RGPKNCKCPIWTWD $GPVWMKPUVTWOGPUMCNCUKMCRE -KUKMKUK

    +PUVTWOGPNKJCVNCORKTCP 2GPIGVCJWCP

    C 6GMPKM RGPKNCKCP VGUVGTVWNKUD $GPVWM KPUVTWOGPUQCNRKNKJCPICPFCFCPWTCKCP

  • 22 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    E -KUKMKUK

    0Q +PFKMCVQT $WVKT+PUVTWOGP

    +FGPVKHKMCUKCVQO%FCP*

    -GMJCUCPCVQOMCTDQP

    5GP[CYCCNMCPCFCTKUVTWMVWTUKHCVMGMJCUCPFCPRGPIIQNQPICP

    5GP[CYCCNMGPCFCTKUVTWMVWTUKHCVMGMJCUCPFCPRGPIIQNQPICP

    5GP[CYCCNMWPCFCTKUVTWMVWTUKHCVMGMJCUCPFCPRGPIIQNQPICP

    +PUVTWOGPNKJCVNCORKTCP -GVGTCORKNCP

    C 6GMPKM RGPKNCKCP FKUMWUKD $GPVWM KPUVTWOGP NGODCTRGPKNCKCPFKUMWUKE -KUKMKUK

    0Q -GVGTCORKNCP $WVKT+PUVTWOGP

    /GNCMWMCPRGTEQDCCPVGPVCPICFCP[CCVQO%*FCP1

    /GPFKUMWUKMCPUGP[CYCCNMCPCCNMGPCCNMWPCFCTK UVTWMVWT UKHCV MGMJCUCPFCPRGPIIQNQPICP

    /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPJCUKNRGPICOCVCPFCPFKUMWUKVGTMCKVUGP[CYCCNMCPCCNMGPCCNMWPC

    /GORTGUGPVCUKMCPJCUKNRGPICOCVCPFCPFKUMWUKVGTMCKVUGP[CYCCNMCPCCNMGPCCNMWPC

    +PUVTWOGPNKJCVNCORKTCP

    AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

    /GP[GVWLWK-GRCNC5GMQNCJ )WTW/CVC2GNCLCTCP

    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

    0+2 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 0+2 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 232')#0)#0)747

    .#/2+4#0.CORKTCP2GPKNCKCP5KMCR5RKTKVWCNFCP5QUKCN

    0Q 2GTKNCMW[CPI&KJCTCRMCP 5MQT

    /GOKNKMKMGOCORWCPFCNCODGTUKMCRKNOKCJWPVWMOGTCPECPIFCPOGNCMWMCPRGTEQDCCPFCPFKUMWUK

    /GOKNKMKMGRGFWNKCPVGTJCFCRNKPIMWPICPFCNCOOGOCPHCCVMCPUWODGTFC[CCNCO

    /GOKNKMKUKMCRTGURQPUKHRTQCMVKHFCPDKLCMUCPCFCNCOOGOGECJMCPOCUCNCJFCPOGODWCVMGRWVWUCP

    ,WONCJUMQTOCMUKOCN

    .GODCT1DUGTXCUK5KMCR5QUKCN

    0KNCKUKMCRUQUKCN TOCMUKOCN,WONCJUMQT,WONCJUMQ

    2GVWPLWM2GPKNCKCP5KMCR5RKTKVWCNFCP5QUKCN

    5MQT 0KNCK-WCNKVCVKH

    5CPICV$CKM

    $CKM

    %WMWR

    -WTCPI

    0Q 2GTKNCMW[CPI&KJCTCRMCP 5MQT

    /GOKNKMKMGOCORWCPWPVWMOGPIGPCNKFCPOGP[CFCTKJCUKNRGOKMKTCPMTGCVKHOCPWUKC[CPIMGDGPCTCPP[CDGTUKHCV VGPVCVKHUGDCICKOCMJNWM6WJCP;CPI/CJC'UCCVCUMGDGUCTCPFCPEKRVCCP0[COGNCNWKMGVGTCVWTCPUKHCVJKFTQMCTDQP

    /GOKNKMKMGOCORWCPWPVWMOGPICOCNMCPPKNCKPKNCKCICOCFCNCODGTRKMKTMTGCVKH

    ,WONCJUMQTOCMUKOCN

    .GODCT1DUGTXCUK5KMCR5RKTKVWCN

    0KNCKUKMCRURKTKVWCNTOCMUKOCN,WONCJUMQ

    T,WONCJUMQ

    4WDTKM2GPKNCKCP5KMCR5RKTKVWCNFCP5QUKCN

    4GPVCPI5MQT 0KNCK-WCNKVCVKH

    5$ 5CPICV$CKM

    $ $CKM

    % %WMWR

    d - -WTCPI

    0KNCK

  • 24 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    .CORKTCP2GPKNCKCP2GPIGVCJWCP

    2GVWPLWM2GPKNCKCP5QCN2KNKJCP)CPFC

    0QOQT5QCN $QDQV5QCN

    ,WONCJUMQTOCMUKOCN

    0KNCK OCN5MQTOCMUKGJCP5MQTRGTQN

    2GVWPLWM2GPKNCKCP5QCN7TCKCP

    0Q $WVKT2GTVCP[CCP $QDQV5QCN-TKVGTKC

    0KNCK5MQT

    5QCN7TCKCP0Q7NCPICP*CTKCP 5QCN7TCKCP0Q7NCPICP*CTKCP 5QCN7TCKCP0Q7NCPICP*CTKCP 5QCN7TCKCP0Q7NCPICP*CTKCP 5QCN7TCKCP0Q7NCPICP*CTKCP

    ,WONCJUMQTOCMUKOCN

    ,WONCJPKNCKCMJKT

    KCPUMQTWTCJCPICPFC5MQTRKNK

    .GODCT2GPKNCKCP5QCN2KNKJCP)CPFCFCP7TCKCP

    0Q $WVKT5QCN+PFKMCVQT

    +FGPVKHKMCUKCVQO%FCP*

    -GMJCUCPCVQOMCTDQP

    5GP[CYCCNMCPCFCTKUVTWMVWTUKHCVMGMJCUCPFCPRGPIIQNQPICP

    5GP[CYCCNMGPCFCTKUVTWMVWTUKHCVMGMJCUCPFCPRGPIIQNQPICP

    5GP[CYCCNMWPCFCTKUVTWMVWTUKHCVMGMJCUCPFCPRGPIIQNQPICP

    2KNKJCPICPFC###7TCKCP$

    2KNKJCPICPFC###7TCKCP$

    2KNKJCPICPFC####7TCKCP$$

    2KNKJCPICPFC###7TCKCP$$$

    2KNKJCPICPFC##7TCKCP

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 252')#0)#0)747

    .CORKTCP2GPKNCKCP-GVGTCORKNCPC +PUVTWOGP2GPKNCKCP&KUMWUK-GNQORQM

    0Q #URGM[CPI&KPKNCK2GPKNCKCP

    /GTCPIMCKCNCV

    2GPICOCVCP

    &CVC[CPIFKRGTQNGJ

    -GUKORWNCP

    4WDTKM

    0Q #URGM[CPI&KPKNCK2GPKNCKCP

    /GTCPIMCKCNCV

    2GPICOCVCP

    &CVC[CPIFKRGTQNGJ

    -GUKORWNCP

    4CPIMCKCPCNCVVKFCMDGPCT

    2GPICOCVCPVKFCMEGTOCV

    &CVCVKFCMNGPIMCR

    6KFCMDGPCTCVCWVKFCMUGUWCKVWLWCP

    4CPIMCKCPCNCVDGPCTVGVCRKVKFCMTCRKCVCWVKFCMOGORGTJCVKMCPMGUGNCOCVCPMGTLC

    2GPICOCVCPEGTOCVVGVCRKOGPICPFWPIKPVGTRTGVCUK

    &CVCNGPIMCRVGVCRKVKFCMVGTQTICPKUKTCVCWCFC[CPIUCNCJVWNKU

    5GDCIKCPMGUKORWNCPCFC[CPIUCNCJCVCWVKFCMUGUWCKVWLWCP

    4CPIMCKCPCNCVDGPCTTCRKFCPOGORGTJCVKMCPMGUGNCOCVCPMGTLC

    2GPICOCVCPEGTOCVFCPDGDCUKPVGTRTGVCUK

    &CVCNGPIMCRVGTQTICPKUKTFCPFKVWNKUFGPICPDGPCT

    5GOWCDGPCTCVCWUGUWCKVWLWCP

    D 2GPKNCKCP-KPGTLC/GNCMWMCP2TCMVKMWO

    -GVGTCPICP0KNCKOCMUKOCN2GUGTVCOGORGTQNGJPKNCK$CKM UGMCNK CRCDKNCOGORGTQNGJ UMQT $CKM CRCDKNCOGORGTQNGJ UMQT %WMWR CRCDKNCOGORGTQNGJUMQT-WTCPI CRCDKNCOGORGTQNGJUMQT

    0Q 0COC 5KMCR

    -GCMVKHCP

    9CYCUCP

    2TGUGPVCUK6QVCN0KNCK

    -GOCORWCP

    +PUVTWOGP2GPKNCKCP

    FUV

    -GTLCUCOC

  • 26 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    4'0%#0#2'.#-5#0##02'/$'.#,#4#0 422

    5CVWCP2GPFKFKMCP 5/#/#

    /CVC2GNCLCTCP -KOKC2GOKPCVCP

    -GNCU5GOGUVGT :+

    /CVGTK2QMQM /KP[CM$WOK

    #NQMCUK9CMVW RGTVGOWCP,2

    # -QORGVGPUK+PVK /GPIJC[CVKFCPOGPICOCNMCPCLCTCPCICOC[CPIFKCPWVP[C /GPIJC[CVK FCPOGPICOCNMCP RGTKNCMW LWLWT FKUKRNKP VCPIIWPI LCYCD RGFWNK IQVQPI TQ[QPI MGTLC

    UCOC VQNGTCPUK FCOCK UCPVWP TGURQPUKH FCPRTQCMVKH FCPOGPWPLWMMCP UKMCR UGDCICK DCIKCP FCTKUQNWUK CVCU DGTDCICK RGTOCUCNCJCP FCNCODGTKPVGTCMUK UGECTC GHGMVKH FGPICP NKPIMWPICP UQUKCN FCPCNCOUGTVCFCNCOOGPGORCVMCPFKTKUGDCICKEGTOKPCPDCPIUCFCNCORGTICWNCPFWPKC

    /GOCJCOKOGPGTCRMCP FCPOGPICPCNKUKU RGPIGVCJWCP HCMVWCN MQPUGRVWCN RTQUGFWTCN FCPOGVCMQIPKVKH DGTFCUCTMCP TCUC KPIKP VCJWP[C VGPVCPI KNOWRGPIGVCJWCP VGMPQNQIK UGPK DWFC[CFCPJWOCPKQTCFGPICPYCYCUCPMGOCPWUKCCPMGDCPIUCCPMGPGICTCCPFCPRGTCFCDCPVGTMCKVRGP[GDCDHGPQOGPCFCPMGLCFKCPUGTVCOGPGTCRMCPRGPIGVCJWCPRTQUGFWTCNRCFCDKFCPIMCLKCP[CPIURGUKHKMUGUWCKFGPICPDCMCVFCPOKPCVP[CWPVWMOGOGECJMCPOCUCNCJ

    /GPIQNCJ OGPCNCT FCP OGP[CLKMCP FCNCO TCPCJ MQPMTGV FCP TCPCJ CDUVTCM VGTMCKV FGPICPRGPIGODCPICPFCTK[CPIFKRGNCLCTKP[CFKUGMQNCJUGECTCOCPFKTKDGTVKPFCMUGECTCGHGMVKHFCPMTGCVKHUGTVCOCORWOGPIIWPCMCPOGVQFGUGUWCKMCKFCJMGKNOWCP

    $ -QORGVGPUK&CUCTFCP+PFKMCVQT2GPECRCKCP-QORGVGPUK

    -+ -QORGVGPUK&CUCT +PFKMCVQT2GPECRCKCP-QORGVGPUK

    /GPIGPCNK FCPOGP[CFCTK JCUKN RGOKMKTCP MTGCVKHOCPWUKC[CPIMGDGPCTCPP[CDGTUKHCVVGPVCVKHUGDCICKOCMJNWM6WJCP;CPI/CJC'UCCVCUMGDGUCTCPFCPEKRVCCP0[COGNCNWKMGVGTCVWTCPUKHCVJKFTQMCTDQP

    /GPICOCNMCPPKNCKPKNCKCICOCFCNCODGTRKMKTMTGCVKH

    /GP[CFCTKCFCP[CMGVGTCVWTCPFCTKUKHCVJKFTQMCTDQPVGTOQMKOKCNCLWTGCMUKMGUGVKODCPICPMKOKCNCTWVCPFCPMQNQKFUGDCICKYWLWFMGDGUCTCP6WJCP;CPI/CJC'UCFCPRGPIGVCJWCPVGPVCPICFCP[CMGVGTCVWTCPVGTUGDWVUGDCICKJCUKNRGOKMKTCPMTGCVKHOCPWUKC[CPIMGDGPCTCPP[CDGTUKHCVVGPVCVKH

    /GPWPLWMMCPRGTKNCMW KNOKCJ OGOKNKMK TCUC KPIKP VCJW FKUKRNKPLWLWTQDLGMVKHVGTDWMCOCORWOGODGFCMCPHCMVCFCPQRKPKWNGVVGNKVK DGTVCPIIWPI LCYCD MTKVKU MTGCVKH KPQXCVKH FGOQMTCVKUMQOWPKMCVKHFCNCOOGTCPECPIFCPOGNCMWMCPRGTEQDCCPUGTVCDGTFKUMWUK[CPIFKYWLWFMCPFCNCOUKMCRUGJCTKJCTK

    /GPWPLWMMCPRGTKNCMWMGTLCUCOCUCPVWPVQNGTCPUKEKPVCFCOCKFCPRGFWNKNKPIMWPICPUGTVCJGOCVFCNCOOGOCPHCCVMCPUWODGTFC[CCNCO

    /GPWPLWMMCP RGTKNCMW TGURQPUKH FCP RTQCMVKH UGTVC DKLCMUCPCUGDCICKYWLWFMGOCORWCPOGOGECJMCPOCUCNCJFCPOGODWCVMGRWVWUCP

    /GPIIWPCMCPUKMCRKNOKCJFCNCODGTFKUMWUK 2GFWNKNKPIMWPICPFCNCOOGOCPHCCVMCPUWODGTFC[CCNCO

    $GTUKMCR TGURQPUKH RTQCMVKH FCP DKLCMUCPC FCNCOOGOGECJMCPOCUCNCJFCPOGODWCVMGRWVWUCP

    /GOCJCOKRTQUGURGODGPVWMCPFCPVGMPKMRGOKUCJCPHTCMUKHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOKUGTVCMGIWPCCPP[C

    /GPIGXCNWCUKFCORCMRGODCMCTCPUGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPVGTJCFCRNKPIMWPICPFCPMGUGJCVCPUGTVCECTCOGPICVCUKP[C

    /GPICPCNKUKURGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOK /GPICPCNKUKUVGMPKMRGOKUCJCPFCPHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOKUGTVCMGIWPCCPP[C

    /GODGFCMCPMWCNKVCUOWVWDGPUKP /GPIGXCNWCUKFCORCMRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCT /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUKUGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCPUGJCTKJCTK

    /GP[CLKMCPJCUKNRGOCJCOCPVGPVCPIRTQUGURGODGPVWMCPFCPVGMPKMRGOKUCJCPHTCMUKHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOKDGUGTVCMGIWPCCPP[C

    /GP[CLKMCP JCUKN GXCNWCUK FCORCM RGODCMCTCP JKFTQMCTDQPVGTJCFCR NKPIMWPICP FCP MGUGJCVCP UGTVC WRC[C WPVWMOGPICVCUKP[C

    $GTFKUMWUKFCPOGP[CLKMCPRGOCJCOCPVGPVCPIRTQUGURGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOK

    $GTFKUMWUKFCPOGP[CLKMCPRGOCJCOCPVGPVCPIVGMPKMRGOKUCJCPHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOKFCPMGIWPCCPP[C

    $GTFKUMWUK FCPOGP[CLKMCP JCUKN GXCNWCUK FCORCMRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCT

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 272')#0)#0)747

    % 6WLWCP2GODGNCLCTCP2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCV /GOCJCOKRGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOK /GOCJCOKMQORQPGPOKP[CMDWOK /GOCJCOK VGMPKMRGOKUCJCPOKP[CMDWOK /GOCJCOK HTCMUKHTCMUKJCUKNRGP[WNKPICPOKP[CMDWOK /GOCJCOKMGIWPCCPHTCMUKHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOKDGTFCUCTMCPLWONCJCVQOFCPVKVKMFKFKJP[C2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCV /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK MWCNKVCUOWVWDGPUKPDGTFCUCTMCPCPIMCQMVCP /GOCJCOKRGPIGTVKCPCPIMCQMVCP /GOCJCOKRGPCODCJCP\CVCFKVKHRCFCDGPUKPFCPVWLWCPP[C2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCV /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK DKNCPICPQMVCPRCFCDGPUKPDGTFCUCTMCPOCUUC LGNCIC /GOCJCOK VGTLCFKP[CTGCMUKRGODCMCTCPUGORWTPCFCPVKFCMUGORWTPCRCFCDCJCPDCMCT /GOCJCOKJCUKNICUDWCPI[CPIDGTDCJC[CFCTKRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCT /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK CMKDCV [CPI FKVKODWNMCP FCTK RGODCMCTCP DCJCP DCMCTOKP[CM DWOK UGECTC VGTWU

    OGPGTWURCFC NKPIMWPICPFCPMGUGJCVCP /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUKMCPWRC[CWPVWMOGPICVCUKFCORCMRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCTOKP[CMRCFCNKPIMWPICP

    FCP MGUGJCVCP /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUKDGDGTCRCRTQFWMFCPMGIWPCCPUGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPFCNCODKFCPIRCPICPUCPFCPI

    FCPRCRCPUGPKFCPGUVGVKMCUGTVCKPFWUVTKFCPRGTFCICPICP2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCVOGPIGTLCMCPUQCNWNCPICPJCTKCP2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCVOGPIGTLCMCPUQCNWNCPICP VGPICJUGOGUVGT

    & /CVGTK2GODGNCLCTCP 2GTVGOWCP

    C 2GODGPVWMCP/KP[CM$WOKD -QORQPGP2GP[WUWP/KP[CM$WOKE 2GP[WNKPICP/KP[CM$WOKFCP5GEQPFCT[2TQEGUUKPIF (TCMUK*KFTQMCTDQP*CUKN2GP[WNKPICP/KP[CM$WOKFCP-GIWPCCPP[C

    2GTVGOWCPC /WVW$GPUKPD #PIMC1MVCPE

  • 28 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    ) /GFKC2GODGNCLCTCP /GFKC

    C )CODCTRGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOK FCNCO NCWV FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC 2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    D 6CDGNMQORQPGPOKP[CMDWOKFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    E 5MGOCRGP[WNKPICPOKP[CMDWOKFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    F 6CDGN HTCMUKJKFTQMCTDQPJCUKNRGP[WNKPICPOKP[CMDWOKDGTFCUCTMCPLWONCJCVQO%FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    G 6CDGNCPCNKUKUCPIMCQMVCPVWICUMGNQORQMFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    H 6CDGN CPCNKUKU DCJCP DCMCT FCPOCUUC LGNCIC FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH -KOKC 2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    I .GODCTUQCNWNCPICPJCTKCPJ .GODCTUQCNWNCPICPVGPICJUGOGUVGTK /GFKC NCKP[CPITGNGXCP

    #NCVFCP$CJCPC /GFKCEGVCMFCPGNGMVTQPKMD #NCVFCPDCJCPNCKP[CPITGNGXCP

    * .CPIMCJ.CPIMCJ-GIKCVCP2GODGNCLCTCP2GTVGOWCP

    2GPFCJWNWCPOGPKVC )WTWOGP[KCRMCPRGUGTVCFKFKMUGECTCRUKMKUFCPHKUKMWPVWMOGPIKMWVKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPVGPVCPI

    RGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOKD )WTWOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPVGPVCPIOCVGTK[CPIUWFCJFKRGNCLCTKFCPVGTMCKVFGPICP

    OCVGTK[CPICMCPFKRGNCLCTKE )WTWOGPICPVCTMCPRGUGTVC FKFKM MGRCFC UWCVWRGTOCUCNCJCPCVCW VWICU [CPICMCPFKNCMWMCP

    WPVWMOGORGNCLCTKOCVGTKRGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOKF )WTWOGPLGNCUMCPVWLWCPRGODGNCLCTCPCVCWMQORGVGPUKFCUCT[CPICMCPFKECRCKG )WTWOGP[CORCKMCP ICTKU DGUCT ECMWRCPOCVGTK FCP RGPLGNCUCP VGPVCPI MGIKCVCP [CPI CMCP

    FKNCMWMCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGP[GNGUCKMCP RGTOCUCNCJCP CVCW VWICU VGPVCPI RGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOK

    -GIKCVCP+PVKOGPKV-GIKCVCP

    C /GPICOCVK )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCP

    RGPICOCVCPICODCTVGPVCPIRGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOKFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUK RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPWPVWMOGNCVKJ RGUGTVC FKFKMFCNCOOGORGTJCVKMCPJCNRGPVKPIVGPVCPIRTQUGURGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOKFK NCWV

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUK RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGPICOCVK FCPOGPIJWDWPIMCP MCKVCPP[CFGPICPMQORQPGPRGP[WUWPOKP[CMDWOK

    D /GPCP[C )WTWOGODWMC MGUGORCVCP UGECTC NWCU MGRCFC RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWM DGTVCP[COGPIGPCK

    RTQUGURGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOK[CPIUWFCJFKCOCVKP[C )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMFCRCVOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPUGECTCOCPFKTKUGRGTVK

    C $CICKOCPCVGTDGPVWMP[COKP[CMDWOKFCPICUCNCO!D $GTCRCNCOCRGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPICUCNCO!E $CJCPCRCUCLC[CPIOGODGPVWMOKP[CMDWOKFCPICUCNCO!

    )WTWOGPIGODCPIMCPTCUCKPIKPVCJWRGUGTVCFKFKMFCTKRGTVCP[CCP[CPIVGNCJFKCLWMCP )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPECTKKPHQTOCUK[CPINGDKJNCPLWVFCPDGTCICOFCTK

    DGTDCICK UWODGT

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 292')#0)#0)747

    E /GPIWORWNMCP&CVC )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIICNKFCPOGPIWORWNMCPKPHQTOCUKVGPVCPIRTQUGU

    RGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPMQORQPGPRGP[WUWPP[C 2GUGTVCFKFKMFKDCIKOGPLCFKDDGTCRCMGNQORQMUGVKCRMGNQORQMVGTFKTKFCTKGPCORGUGTVCFKFKM

    WPVWMOGPIMCLKNGDKJLCWJVGPVCPIRTQUGURGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPMQORQPGPRGP[WUWPP[C 5GVKCR MGNQORQMOGPFKUMWUKMCP VGPVCPIRTQUGURGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOKFCP MQORQPGP

    RGP[WUWPP[CF /GPICUQUKCUK

    /GPFKUMWUKMCP VGPVCPIRTQUGURGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPMQORQPGPRGP[WUWPP[C /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPIRTQUGURGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOK /GODWCV MGUKORWNCP VGPVCPIMQORQPGPRGP[WUWPP[C

    G /GPIQOWPKMCUKMCP 2GUGTVC FKFKMOGP[WUWP DCJCP RCRCTCP VGPVCPI RTQUGU RGODGPVWMCPOKP[CM DWOK FCP

    MQORQPGPRGP[WUWPP[C 2GUGTVC FKFKM OGORTGUGPVCUKMCP RTQUGU RGODGPVWMCPOKP[CM DWOK FCP MQORQPGP

    RGP[WUWPP[CFKFGRCPMGNCU )WTWOGPKNCKJCUKNRTGUGPVCUKFCPVCP[CLCYCDUGDCICKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

    -GIKCVCPC /GPICOCVK

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPUMGOCRGP[WNKPICPOKP[CMDWOKFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPVCDGNHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOKFCPMGIWPCCPP[CFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUK RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPWPVWMOGNCVKJ RGUGTVC FKFKMFCNCOOGORGTJCVKMCPJCNRGPVKPIVGPVCPIVGMPKMRGOKUCJCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPMGIWPCCPP[C

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUK RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGPICOCVK FCPOGPIJWDWPIMCP MCKVCPP[CFGPICPHTCMUKHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOKFCPMGIWPCCPP[CDGTFCUCTMCPLWONCJCVQO%

    D /GPCP[C )WTWOGODWMC MGUGORCVCP UGECTC NWCU MGRCFC RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWM DGTVCP[COGPIGPCK

    VGMPKMRGOKUCJCPOKP[CMDWOK[CPIUWFCJFKCOCVKP[C )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMFCRCVOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPUGECTCOCPFKTKUGRGTVK

    C $CICKOCPCECTCRGOKUCJCPHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOK!D #RCRGPIGTVKCP FGUVKNCUK CVCWRGP[WNKPICP!E #RCMGIWPCCPOCUKPIOCUKPI HTCMUKOKP[CMDWOK!

    )WTWOGPIGODCPIMCPTCUCKPIKPVCJWRGUGTVCFKFKMFCTKRGTVCP[CCP[CPIVGNCJFKCLWMCP )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPECTKKPHQTOCUK[CPINGDKJNCPLWVFCPDGTCICOFCTK

    DGTDCICK UWODGTE /GPIWORWNMCP&CVC

    )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIICNKFCPOGPIWORWNMCPKPHQTOCUKVGPVCPIRTQUGUVGMPKMRGOKUCJCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPMGIWPCCPOCUKPIOCUKPIHTCMUK

    2GUGTVCFKFKMFKDCIKOGPLCFKDGDGTCRCMGNQORQMUGVKCRMGNQORQM VGTFKTKFCTKGPCORGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIMCLKNGDKJLCWJVGPVCPIVGMPKMRGOKUCJCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPMGIWPCCPOCUKPIOCUKPIHTCMUK

    5GVKCRMGNQORQMOGPFKUMWUKMCPVGPVCPIVGMPKMRGOKUCJCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPMGIWPCCPOCUKPIOCUKPIHTCMUK

    F /GPICUQUKCUK /GPFKUMWUKMCPVGPVCPIVGMPKMRGOKUCJCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPMGIWPCCPOCUKPIOCUKPIHTCMUK /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPIVGMPKMRGOKUCJCPOKP[CMDWOK /GODWCVMGUKORWNCP VGPVCPIMGIWPCCPOCUKPIOCUKPI HTCMUK

    G /GPIQOWPKMCUKMCP 2GUGTVCFKFKMOGP[WUWPDCJCPRCRCTCPVGPVCPIVGMPKMRGOKUCJCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPMGIWPCCP

    OCUKPIOCUKPI HTCMUK 2GUGTVCFKFKMOGORTGUGPVCUKMCPVGMPKMRGOKUCJCPOKP[CMDWOKFCPMGIWPCCPOCUKPIOCUKPI

    HTCMUKFKFGRCPMGNCU )WTWOGPKNCKJCUKNRTGUGPVCUKFCPVCP[CLCYCDUGDCICKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

  • 30 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    2GPWVWROGPKVC )WTWDGTUCOCFGPICPRGUGTVCFKFKMOGODWCVUKORWNCPFCTKRGNCLCTCP[CPIDCTWUCLCFKLCNCPMCPD )WTWOGNCMWMCPRGPKNCKCPFCPCVCW TGHNGMUK VGTJCFCR MGIKCVCP [CPI UWFCJFKNCMUCPCMCP UGECTC

    MQPUKUVGPFCP VGTRTQITCOE )WTWOGODGTKMCPWORCPDCNKM VGTJCFCRRTQUGUFCPJCUKNRGODGNCLCTCPF )WTWOGODGTKMCP VWICU MGRCFCRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIGTLCMCPUQCN TGXKGYFCPRGPGTCRCP

    FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCPG )WTWOGP[CORCKMCPTGPECPCMGIKCVCPVKPFCM NCPLWVFCNCODGPVWMRGODGNCLCTCPTGOKFKRTQITCO

    RGPIC[CCPNC[CPCPMQPUGNKPIFCPCVCWVWICUKPFKXKFWCNCVCWMGNQORQMUGUWCKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

    H )WTWOGP[CORCKMCPTGPECPCRGODGNCLCTCPWPVWMDCJCUCPOWVWDGPUKPWPVWMRGTVGOWCPDGTKMWVP[C

    2GTVGOWCP 2GPFCJWNWCPOGPKV

    C )WTWOGP[CORCKMCPUCNCOFCPOGPCP[CMCPMCDCTRGUGTVCFKFKMD )WTWOGP[KCRMCPRGUGTVCFKFKMUGECTCRUKMKUFCPHKUKMWPVWMOGPIKMWVKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPVGPVCPI

    OWVWDGPUKPE )WTWOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPVGPVCPIOCVGTK[CPIUWFCJFKRGNCLCTKFCPVGTMCKVFGPICP

    OCVGTK[CPICMCPFKRGNCLCTKF )WTWOGPICPVCTMCPRGUGTVCFKFKM MGRCFC UWCVWRGTOCUCNCJCPCVCW VWICU [CPICMCPFKNCMWMCP

    WPVWMOGORGNCLCTKOCVGTKOWVWDGPUKPG )WTWOGPLGNCUMCPVWLWCPRGODGNCLCTCPCVCWMQORGVGPUKFCUCT[CPICMCPFKECRCKH )WTWOGP[CORCKMCPICTKUDGUCTECMWRCPOCVGTKFCPRGPLGNCUCPVGPVCPIOWVWDGPUKP

    -GIKCVCP+PVKOGPKVC /GPICOCVK

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCP VGTJCFCR LGPKULGPKU DGPUKP [CPIFKRGTFCICPIMCPFK UGMKVCT NKPIMWPICPP[C

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUK RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPWPVWMOGNCVKJ RGUGTVC FKFKMFCNCOOGORGTJCVKMCPJCNRGPVKPI VGPVCPICPIMCQMVCPRCFCOCUKPIOCUKPIDGPUKP

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUK RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGPICOCVK FCPOGPIJWDWPIMCP MCKVCPP[CFGPICPRGPLCDCTCPCPIMCQMVCPOCUKPIOCUKPIDGPUKP

    D /GPCP[C )WTWOGODWMCMGUGORCVCPUGECTCNWCUMGRCFCRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMDGTVCP[COGPIGPCKOWVW

    DGPUKP[CPIUWFCJFKCOCVKP[C )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMFCRCVOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPUGECTCOCPFKTKUGRGTVK

    C $CICKOCPCOGPGPVWMCPOWVWDGPUKP!D #RCRGPIGTVKCPCPIMCQMVCP!

    )WTWOGPIGODCPIMCPTCUCKPIKPVCJWRGUGTVCFKFKMFCTKRGTVCP[CCP[CPIVGNCJFKCLWMCP )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPECTKKPHQTOCUK[CPINGDKJNCPLWVFCPDGTCICOFCTK

    DGTDCICK UWODGTE /GPIWORWNMCP&CVC

    )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIICNKFCPOGPIWORWNMCPFCVCOCWRWPKPHQTOCUKVGPVCPIRGPIGTVKCPCPIMCQMVCPFCPOGPECVCVP[CRCFCVWICUMGNQORQMFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    2GUGTVC FKFKM FKDCIKOGPLCFK DDGTCRC MGNQORQM UGVKCR MGNQORQM VGTFKTK FCTK GPCORGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIMCLK NGDKJLCWJVGPVCPIOWVWDGPUKP

    5GVKCR MGNQORQMOGPIWORWNMCP FCVC FCTK DGTDCICK UWODGT WPVWMOGPFKUMWUKMCP VGPVCPIPKNCKQMVCPFCP\CVCFKVKHDGPUKP

    F /GPICUQUKCUK /GPFKUMWUKMCPVGPVCPIPKNCKQMVCPFCP\CVCFKVKHDGPUKP /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPICPIMCQMVCP /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPI\CVCFKVKHDGPUKP

    G /GPIQOWPKMCUKMCP 2GUGTVCFKFKMOGP[WUWPDCJCPRCRCTCPVGPVCPIPKNCKQMVCPFCP\CVCFKVKHDGPUKP 2GUGTVC FKFKMOGORTGUGPVCUKMCP JCUKN MGIKCVCP PKNCK QMVCP FCP \CV CFKVKH DGPUKP FK FGRCP

    MGNCU )WTWOGPKNCKJCUKNRTGUGPVCUKFCPVCP[CLCYCDUGDCICKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 312')#0)#0)747

    2GPWVWROGPKVC )WTWDGTUCOCFGPICPRGUGTVCFKFKMOGODWCVUKORWNCPFCTKRGNCLCTCP[CPIDCTWUCLCFKLCNCPMCPD )WTWOGNCMWMCPRGPKNCKCPFCPCVCW TGHNGMUK VGTJCFCR MGIKCVCP [CPI UWFCJFKNCMUCPCMCP UGECTC

    MQPUKUVGPFCP VGTRTQITCOE )WTWOGODGTKMCPWORCPDCNKM VGTJCFCRRTQUGUFCPJCUKNRGODGNCLCTCPF )WTWOGTGPECMCPMGIKCVCPVKPFCMNCPLWVFCNCODGPVWMRGODGNCLCTCPTGOKFKRTQITCORGPIC[CCP

    NC[CPCPMQPUGNKPIFCPCVCW VWICU KPFKXKFWCNCVCWMGNQORQMUGUWCKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKMG )WTWOGP[CORCKMCP TGPECPCRGODGNCLCTCP WPVWM DCJCUCP UGP[CYCCNMGPC FCPCNMWPC WPVWM

    RGTVGOWCPDGTKMWVP[C

    2GTVGOWCP 2GPFCJWNWCPOGPKV

    C )WTWOGP[KCRMCPRGUGTVCFKFKMUGECTCRUKMKUFCPHKUKMWPVWMOGPIKMWVKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPVGPVCPIFCORCMRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCTFCPUGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCPUGJCTKJCTK

    D )WTWOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPRGTVCP[CCPVGPVCPIOCVGTK[CPIUWFCJFKRGNCLCTKFCPVGTMCKVFGPICPOCVGTK[CPICMCPFKRGNCLCTK

    E )WTWOGPICPVCTMCPRGUGTVC FKFKM MGRCFC UWCVWRGTOCUCNCJCPCVCW VWICU [CPICMCPFKNCMWMCPWPVWMOGORGNCLCTKOCVGTK FCORCM RGODCMCTCP DCJCP DCMCT FCP UGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQP FCNCOMGJKFWRCP UGJCTKJCTK

    F )WTWOGPLGNCUMCPVWLWCPRGODGNCLCTCPCVCWMQORGVGPUKFCUCT[CPICMCPFKECRCKG )WTWOGP[CORCKMCP ICTKU DGUCT ECMWRCPOCVGTK FCP RGPLGNCUCP VGPVCPI MGIKCVCP [CPI CMCP

    FKNCMWMCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGP[GNGUCKMCP RGTOCUCNCJCP CVCW VWICU VGPVCPI FCORCMRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCTFCPUGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCPUGJCTKJCTK

    -GIKCVCP+PVKOGPKV-GIKCVCPC /GPICOCVK

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPVCDGNLGPKUDCJCPDCMCTFCPOCUUCLGNCICFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUK RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPWPVWMOGNCVKJ RGUGTVC FKFKMFCNCOOGORGTJCVKMCPJCNRGPVKPI VGPVCPIJWDWPICPOCUUC LGNCICFGPICPDKNCPICPQMVCP

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUK RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGPICOCVK FCPOGPIJWDWPIMCP MCKVCPP[CFGPICPTGCMUK RGODCMCTCPUGORWTPCFCPRGODCMCTCP VKFCM UGORWTPC UGTVCFCORCMP[C VGTJCFCRNKPIMWPICPFCP MGUGJCVCP

    D /GPCP[C )WTWOGODWMC MGUGORCVCP UGECTC NWCU MGRCFC RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWM DGTVCP[COGPIGPCK

    OCUUC LGNCIC[CPIUWFCJFKCOCVKP[C )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMFCRCVOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPUGECTCOCPFKTKUGRGTVK

    C $CICKOCPCDCICKOCPCJWDWPICPOCUUC LGNCICFCPDKNCPICPQMVCP!D #RCFCORCM[CPIFKVKODWNMCPFCTKRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCT!E $CICKOCPC ECTCOGPICVCUKP[C!

    E )WTWOGPIGODCPIMCPTCUCKPIKPVCJWRGUGTVCFKFKMFCTKRGTVCP[CCP[CPIVGNCJFKCLWMCPF )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPECTKKPHQTOCUK[CPINGDKJNCPLWVFCPDGTCICOFCTK

    DGTDCICK UWODGTE /GPIWORWNMCP&CVC

    )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIICNKFCPOGPIWORWNMCPKPHQTOCUKVGPVCPIFCORCMRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCTFCTKCPCNKUKUVCDGNRCFCVWICUMGNQORQMFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC

    2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    2GUGTVC FKFKM FKDCIKOGPLCFK DDGTCRC MGNQORQM UGVKCR MGNQORQM VGTFKTK FCTK GPCORGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIMCLK NGDKJ LCWJVGPVCPIC *WDWPICPOCUUC LGNCICFGPICPDKNCPICPQMVCPD 4GCMUKRGODCMCTCPUGORWTPCFCPRGODCMCTCP VKFCMUGORWTPCE &CORCMRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCT VGTJCFCR NKPIMWPICPFCPMGUGJCVCPF %CTCOGPICVCUKFCORCVVGTUGDWV

    5GVKCRMGNQORQMOGPFKUMWUKMCPVGPVCPIMCLKCPFKCVCU

  • 32 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    F /GPICUQUKCUK /GODWCVMGUKORWNCP VGPVCPIJWDWPICPOCUUC LGNCICFGPICPDKNCPICPQMVCP /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPITGCMUKRGODCMCTCPUGORWTPCFCPRGODCMCTCPVKFCMUGORWTPC /GODWCV MGUKORWNCP VGPVCPI FCORCMRGODCMCTCP DCJCPDCMCT VGTJCFCR NKPIMWPICPFCP

    MGUGJCVCP /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPIECTCOGPICVCUKFCORCMVGTUGDWV

    G /GPIQOWPKMCUKMCP 2GUGTVCFKFKMOGP[WUWPDCJCPRCRCTCPVGPVCPIFCORCMRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCT 2GUGTVCFKFKMOGORTGUGPVCUKMCPFCORCMRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCTFKFGRCPMGNCU )WTWOGPKNCKJCUKNRTGUGPVCUKFCPVCP[CLCYCDUGDCICKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

    -GIKCVCPC /GPICOCVK

    )WTWOGODWMC UGECTC NWCU FCP DGTXCTKCUK MGUGORCVCP RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPOGNCNWK MGIKCVCPOGODCECOCVGTK DGDGTCRC RTQFWM FCP MGIWPCCP UGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQP FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH -KOKC 2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+ UGOGUVGT VGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCPUF

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUK RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGNCMWMCPRGPICOCVCPWPVWMOGNCVKJ RGUGTVC FKFKMFCNCOOGORGTJCVKMCPJCNRGPVKPI VGPVCPIMGIWPCCPUGP[CYCMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCP

    )WTWOGOHCUKNKVCUK RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGPICOCVK FCPOGPIJWDWPIMCP MCKVCPP[CFGPICPMGIWPCCPUGP[CYC MCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCP

    D /GPCP[C )WTWOGODWMC MGUGORCVCP UGECTC NWCU MGRCFC RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWM DGTVCP[COGPIGPCK

    MGIWPCCPUGP[CYCMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCP[CPIUWFCJFKCOCVKP[C )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMFCRCVOGPICLWMCPRGTVCP[CCPUGECTCOCPFKTKUGRGTVK

    C #RCUCLCRTQFWMUGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCPUGJCTKJCTK!D #RC UCLC MGIWPCCP UGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCP UGJCTKJCTK!

    )WTWOGPIGODCPIMCPTCUCKPIKPVCJWRGUGTVCFKFKMFCTKRGTVCP[CCP[CPIVGNCJFKCLWMCP )WTWOGODKODKPIRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPECTKKPHQTOCUK[CPINGDKJNCPLWVFCPDGTCICOFCTK

    DGTDCICK UWODGTE /GPIWORWNMCP&CVC

    )WTWOGODKODKPI RGUGTVC FKFKM WPVWMOGPIICNK FCPOGPIWORWNMCP KPHQTOCUK VGPVCPIMGIWPCCPUGP[CYC MCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCP

    2GUGTVC FKFKM FKDCIKOGPLCFK DDGTCRC MGNQORQM UGVKCR MGNQORQM VGTFKTK FCTK GPCORGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIMCLK NGDKJ LCWJ VGPVCPIMGIWPCCPUGP[CYCMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCP

    5GVKCRMGNQORQMOGPFKUMWUKMCP VGPVCPIMGIWPCCPUGP[CYCMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCPF /GPICUQUKCUK

    /GPFKUMWUKMCP VGPVCPI MGIWCCPUGP[CYCMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCP /GODWCV MGUKORWNCP VGPVCPIMGIWPCCPUGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPFCNCODKFCPIRCPICP /GODWCV MGUKORWNCP VGPVCPI MGIWPCCP UGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPFCNCODKFCPI UCPFCPIFCP

    RCRCP /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPVGPVCPIMGIWPCCPUGP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPFCNCODKFCPIUGPKFCPGUVGVKMC /GODWCV MGUKORWNCP VGPVCPI MGIWPCCP UGP[CYC JKFTQMCTDQP FCNCODKFCPI KPFWUVTK FCP

    RGTFCICPICPG /GPIQOWPKMCUKMCP

    2GUGTVCFKFKMOGP[WUWPDCJCPRCRCTCPVGPVCPIMGIWCCPUGP[CYCMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCP 2GUGTVCFKFKMOGORTGUGPVCUKMCPMGIWPCCPUGP[CYCMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCPFKFGRCPMGNCU )WTWOGPKNCKJCUKNRTGUGPVCUKFCPVCP[CLCYCDUGDCICKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

    2GPWVWROGPKVC )WTWDGTUCOCFGPICPRGUGTVCFKFKMOGODWCVUKORWNCPFCTKRGNCLCTCP[CPIDCTWUCLCFKLCNCPMCPD )WTWOGNCMWMCPRGPKNCKCPFCPCVCW TGHNGMUK VGTJCFCR MGIKCVCP [CPI UWFCJFKNCMUCPCMCP UGECTC

    MQPUKUVGPFCP VGTRTQITCOE )WTWOGODGTKMCPWORCPDCNKM VGTJCFCRRTQUGUFCPJCUKNRGODGNCLCTCPF )WTWOGODGTKMCP VWICU MGRCFCRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIGTLCMCPUQCN TGXKGYFCPRGPGTCRCP

    FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 332')#0)#0)747

    G )WTWOGODGTKMCP VWICU MGRCFCRGUGTVCFKFKMWPVWMOGPIGTLCMCPUQCN TGXKGYFCPRGPGTCRCPFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCP

    H )WTWOGTGPECPCMCPMGIKCVCPVKPFCMNCPLWVFCNCODGPVWMRGODGNCLCTCPTGOKFKRTQITCORGPIC[CCPNC[CPCPMQPUGNKPIFCPCVCW VWICU KPFKXKFWCNCVCWMGNQORQMUGUWCKJCUKNDGNCLCTRGUGTVCFKFKM

    I )WTWOGP[CORCKMCPTGPECPCRGODGNCLCTCPWPVWMDCJCUCPOWVWDGPUKPWPVWMRGTVGOWCPDGTKMWVP[C

    2GTVGOWCP 7NCPICP*CTKCPOGPKV

    C /GPIGTLCMCP UQCN WNCPICP JCTKCP FCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC 2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCPUF

    D /GPIGTLCMCPUQCNRKNKJCPICPFCUGLWONCJDWVKTUQCNE /GPIGTLCMCPUQCNWTCKCPUGLWONCJDWVKTUQCN

    2GODCJCUCPOGPKV/GODCJCUUQCNWNCPICPJCTKCP

    2GTVGOWCP 7NCPICP6GPICJ5GOGUVGTOGPKV

    C /GPIGTLCMCPUQCNWNCPICPVGPICJUGOGUVGTFCNCODWMW-TGCVKH-KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU:+UGOGUVGTVGTDKVCP%88+8#2#-#4+0&1JCNCOCPUF

    D /GPIGTLCMCPUQCNRKNKJCPICPFCUGLWONCJDWVKTUQCNE /GPIGTLCMCPUQCNWTCKCPUGLWONCJDWVKTUQCN

    2GODCJCUCPOGPKV/GODCJCUUQCNWNCPICP VGPICJUGOGUVGT

    + 2GPKNCKCP 5KMCR5RKTKVWCN

    C 6GMPKM RGPKNCKCP QDUGTXCUKD $GPVWM KPUVTWOGP NGODCTQDUGTXCUKE -KUKMKUK

    0Q 5KMCR0KNCK $WVKT+PUVTWOGP

    -GOCORWCPWPVWMOGPIGPCNKFCPOGP[CFCTKJCUKNRGOKMKTCPMTGCVKHOCPWUKC[CPIMGDGPCTCPP[C DGTUKHCV VGPVCVKH UGDCICKOCMJNWM 6WJCP;CPI/CJC'UC CVCUMGDGUCTCPFCPEKRVCCP0[COGNCNWKMGVGTCVWTCPUKHCVJKFTQMCTDQP

    -GOCORWCPWPVWMOGPICOCNMCPPKNCKPKNCKCICOCFCNCODGTRKMKTMTGCVKH

    0Q 5KMCR0KNCK $WVKT+PUVTWOGP

    $GTUKMCRKNOKCJFCNCOOGTCPECPIFCPOGNCMWMCPFKUMWUK 2GFWNKNKPIMWPICPFCNCOOGOCPHCCVMCPUWODGTFC[CCNCO $GTUKMCR TGURQPUKH RTQCMVKH FCP DKLCMUCPC FCNCOOGOGECJMCPOCUCNCJ FCP

    OGODWCVMGRWVWUCP

    +PUVTWOGPNKJCVNCORKTCP 5KMCR5QUKCN

    C 6GMPKM RGPKNCKCP RGPKNCKCPIWTWD $GPVWM KPUVTWOGP UMCNCUKMCRE -KUKMKUK

    +PUVTWOGPNKJCVNCORKTCP 2GPIGVCJWCP

    C 6GMPKM RGPKNCKCP VGUVGTVWNKUD $GPVWM KPUVTWOGP RKNKJCPICPFCFCPVGTVWNKUE -KUKMKUK

    +PUVTWOGPNKJCVNCORKTCP

    0Q +PFKMCVQT $WVKT+PUVTWOGP

    2GODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOK 6GMPKMRGOKUCJCPFCPHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOKUGTVCMGIWPCCPP[C -WCNKVCUOWVWDGPUKP &CORCMRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCT 5GP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCPUGJCTKJCTK

  • 34 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    -GVGTCORKNCPC 6GMPKM RGPKNCKCP FKUMWUKD $GPVWM KPUVTWOGP NGODCTRGPKNCKCPFKUMWUKE -KUKMKUK

    0Q -GVGTCORKNCP $WVKT+PUVTWOGP

    /GPFKUMWUKMCPFCPOGP[CLKMCPRGOCJCOCPVGPVCPIRTQUGURGODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOK

    /GPFKUMWUKMCPFCPOGP[CLKMCPRGOCJCOCPVGPVCPIVGMPKMRGOKUCJCPHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOKFCPMGIWPCCPP[C

    /GPFKUMWUKMCPFCPOGP[CLKMCPJCUKNGXCNWCUKFCORCMRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCT

    +PUVTWOGPNKJCVNCORKTCP

    AAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

    /GP[GVWLWK-GRCNC5GMQNCJ )WTW/CVC2GNCLCTCP

    AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

    0+2 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 0+2 AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 352')#0)#0)747

    .#/2+4#0.CORKTCP2GPKNCKCP5KMCR5RKTKVWCNFCP5QUKCN

    0Q 2GTKNCMW[CPI&KJCTCRMCP 5MQT

    /GOKNKMKMGOCORWCPFCNCODGTUKMCRKNOKCJWPVWMOGTCPECPIFCPOGNCMWMCPRGTEQDCCPFCPFKUMWUK

    /GOKNKMKMGRGFWNKCPVGTJCFCRNKPIMWPICPFCNCOOGOCPHCCVMCPUWODGTFC[CCNCO

    /GOKNKMKUKMCRTGURQPUKHRTQCMVKHFCPDKLCMUCPCFCNCOOGOGECJMCPOCUCNCJFCPOGODWCVMGRWVWUCP

    ,WONCJUMQTOCMUKOCN

    .GODCT1DUGTXCUK5KMCR5QUKCN

    0KNCKUKMCRUQUKCN TOCMUKOCN,WONCJUMQT,WONCJUMQ

    2GVWPLWM2GPKNCKCP5KMCR5RKTKVWCNFCP5QUKCN

    5MQT 0KNCK-WCNKVCVKH

    5CPICV$CKM

    $CKM

    %WMWR

    -WTCPI

    0Q 2GTKNCMW[CPI&KJCTCRMCP 5MQT

    /GOKNKMKMGOCORWCPWPVWMOGPIGPCNKFCPOGP[CFCTKJCUKNRGOKMKTCPMTGCVKHOCPWUKC[CPIMGDGPCTCPP[CDGTUKHCV VGPVCVKHUGDCICKOCMJNWM6WJCP;CPI/CJC'UCCVCUMGDGUCTCPFCPEKRVCCP0[COGNCNWKMGVGTCVWTCPUKHCVJKFTQMCTDQP

    /GOKNKMKMGOCORWCPWPVWMOGPICOCNMCPPKNCKPKNCKCICOCFCNCODGTRKMKTMTGCVKH

    ,WONCJUMQTOCMUKOCN

    .GODCT1DUGTXCUK5KMCR5RKTKVWCN

    0KNCKUKMCRURKTKVWCNTOCMUKOCN,WONCJUMQ

    T,WONCJUMQ

    4WDTKM2GPKNCKCP5KMCR5RKTKVWCNFCP5QUKCN

    4GPVCPI5MQT 0KNCK-WCNKVCVKH

    5$ 5CPICV$CKM

    $ $CKM

    % %WMWR

    d - -WTCPI

    0KNCK

  • 36 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    .CORKTCP2GPKNCKCP2GPIGVCJWCP

    2GVWPLWM2GPKNCKCP5QCN2KNKJCP)CPFC

    0QOQT5QCN $QDQV5QCN

    ,WONCJUMQTOCMUKOCN

    0KNCK OCN5MQTOCMUKGJCP5MQTRGTQN

    2GVWPLWM2GPKNCKCP5QCN7TCKCP

    0Q $WVKT2GTVCP[CCP $QDQV5QCN-TKVGTKC

    0KNCK5MQT

    5QCN7TCKCP0Q7NCPICP*CTKCP 5QCN7TCKCP0Q7NCPICP*CTKCP 5QCN7TCKCP0Q7NCPICP*CTKCP 5QCN7TCKCP0Q7NCPICP*CTKCP 5QCN7TCKCP0Q7NCPICP*CTKCP

    ,WONCJUMQTOCMUKOCN

    ,WONCJPKNCKCMJKT

    KCPUMQTWTCJCPICPFC5MQTRKNK

    .GODCT2GPKNCKCP5QCN2KNKJCP)CPFCFCP7TCKCP

    0Q $WVKT5QCN+PFKMCVQT

    2GODGPVWMCPOKP[CMDWOK

    6GMPKMRGOKUCJCPFCPHTCMUKOKP[CMDWOKUGTVCMGIWPCCPP[C

    -WCNKVCUOWVWDGPUKP

    &CORCMRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCT

    5GP[CYCJKFTQMCTDQPFCNCOMGJKFWRCPUGJCTKJCTK

    2KNKJCPICPFC#7TCKCP$

    2KNKJCPICPFC###7TCKCP$$$

    2KNKJCPICPFC####7TCKCP$

    2KNKJCPICPFC##7TCKCP

    2KNKJCPICPFC#####7TCKCP

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 372')#0)#0)747

    .CORKTCP2GPKNCKCP-GVGTCORKNCPC +PUVTWOGP2GPKNCKCP&KUMWUK-GNQORQM

    0Q #URGM[CPI&KPKNCK2GPKNCKCP

    /GTCPIMCKCNCV

    2GPICOCVCP

    &CVC[CPIFKRGTQNGJ

    -GUKORWNCP

    4WDTKM

    0Q #URGM[CPI&KPKNCK2GPKNCKCP

    /GTCPIMCKCNCV

    2GPICOCVCP

    &CVC[CPIFKRGTQNGJ

    -GUKORWNCP

    4CPIMCKCPCNCVVKFCMDGPCT

    2GPICOCVCPVKFCMEGTOCV

    &CVCVKFCMNGPIMCR

    6KFCMDGPCTCVCWVKFCMUGUWCKVWLWCP

    4CPIMCKCPCNCVDGPCTVGVCRKVKFCMTCRKCVCWVKFCMOGORGTJCVKMCPMGUGNCOCVCPMGTLC

    2GPICOCVCPEGTOCVVGVCRKOGPICPFWPIKPVGTRTGVCUK

    &CVCNGPIMCRVGVCRKVKFCMVGTQTICPKUKTCVCWCFC[CPIUCNCJVWNKU

    5GDCIKCPMGUKORWNCPCFC[CPIUCNCJCVCWVKFCMUGUWCKVWLWCP

    4CPIMCKCPCNCVDGPCTTCRKFCPOGORGTJCVKMCPMGUGNCOCVCPMGTLC

    2GPICOCVCPEGTOCVFCPDGDCUKPVGTRTGVCUK

    &CVCNGPIMCRVGTQTICPKUKTFCPFKVWNKUFGPICPDGPCT

    5GOWCDGPCTCVCWUGUWCKVWLWCP

    D 2GPKNCKCP-KPGTLC/GNCMWMCP2TCMVKMWO

    -GVGTCPICP0KNCKOCMUKOCN2GUGTVCOGORGTQNGJPKNCK$CKM UGMCNK CRCDKNCOGORGTQNGJ UMQT $CKM CRCDKNCOGORGTQNGJ UMQT %WMWR CRCDKNCOGORGTQNGJUMQT-WTCPI CRCDKNCOGORGTQNGJUMQT

    0Q 0COC 5KMCR

    -GCMVKHCP

    9CYCUCP

    2TGUGPVCUK6QVCN0KNCK

    -GOCORWCP

    +PUVTWOGP2GPKNCKCP

    FUV

    -GTLCUCOC

  • 38 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    4'0%#0#2'.#-5#0##02'/$'.#,#4#0 422

    5CVWCP2GPFKFKMCP 5/#/#/CVC2GNCLCTCP -KOKC2GOKPCVCP-GNCU5GOGUVGT :+/CVGTK2QMQM 6GTOQMKOKC#NQMCUK9CMVW RGTVGOWCP,2

    # -QORGVGPUK+PVK /GPIJC[CVKFCPOGPICOCNMCPCLCTCPCICOC[CPIFKCPWVP[C /GPIJC[CVK FCPOGPICOCNMCP RGTKNCMW LWLWT FKUKRNKP VCPIIWPI LCYCD RGFWNK IQVQPI TQ[QPI MGTLC

    UCOC VQNGTCPUK FCOCK UCPVWP TGURQPUKH FCPRTQCMVKH FCPOGPWPLWMMCP UKMCR UGDCICK DCIKCP FCTKUQNWUK CVCU DGTDCICK RGTOCUCNCJCP FCNCODGTKPVGTCMUK UGECTC GHGMVKH FGPICP NKPIMWPICP UQUKCN FCPCNCOUGTVCFCNCOOGPGORCVMCPFKTKUGDCICKEGTOKPCPDCPIUCFCNCORGTICWNCPFWPKC

    /GOCJCOKOGPGTCRMCP FCPOGPICPCNKUKU RGPIGVCJWCP HCMVWCN MQPUGRVWCN RTQUGFWTCN FCPOGVCMQIPKVKH DGTFCUCTMCP TCUC KPIKP VCJWP[C VGPVCPI KNOWRGPIGVCJWCP VGMPQNQIK UGPK DWFC[CFCPJWOCPKQTCFGPICPYCYCUCPMGOCPWUKCCPMGDCPIUCCPMGPGICTCCPFCPRGTCFCDCPVGTMCKVRGP[GDCDHGPQOGPCFCPMGLCFKCPUGTVCOGPGTCRMCPRGPIGVCJWCPRTQUGFWTCNRCFCDKFCPIMCLKCP[CPIURGUKHKMUGUWCKFGPICPDCMCVFCPOKPCVP[CWPVWMOGOGECJMCPOCUCNCJ

    /GPIQNCJ OGPCNCT FCP OGP[CLKMCP FCNCO TCPCJ MQPMTGV FCP TCPCJ CDUVTCM VGTMCKV FGPICPRGPIGODCPICPFCTK[CPIFKRGNCLCTKP[CFKUGMQNCJUGECTCOCPFKTKDGTVKPFCMUGECTCGHGMVKHFCPMTGCVKHUGTVCOCORWOGPIIWPCMCPOGVQFGUGUWCKMCKFCJMGKNOWCP

    $ -QORGVGPUK&CUCTFCP+PFKMCVQT2GPECRCKCP-QORGVGPUK

    % 6WLWCP2GODGNCLCTCP2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCV /GOCJCOKRGPIGTVKCPUKUVGOFCP NKPIMWPICPFCTKMCLKCP NKVGTCVWT /GPFKUMWUKMCPRGPIGTVKCP UKUVGOFCP NKPIMWPICP /GODCPFKPIMCPRGTDGFCCP UKUVGOFCP NKPIMWPICP /GOCJCOKMCNQTFCPJWMWOMGMGMCNCPGPGTIK

    -+ -QORGVGPUK&CUCT +PFKMCVQT2GPECRCKCP-QORGVGPUK

    /GP[CFCTKCFCP[CMGVGTCVWTCPFCTKUKHCVJKFTQMCTDQPVGTOQMKOKCNCLWTGCMUKMGUGVKODCPICPMKOKCNCTWVCPFCPMQNQKFUGDCICKYWLWFMGDGUCTCP6WJCP;CPI/CJC'UCFCPRGPIGVCJWCPVGPVCPICFCP[CMGVGTCVWTCPVGTUGDWVUGDCICKJCUKNRGOKMKTCPMTGCVKHOCPWUKC[CPIMGDGPCTCPP[CDGTUKHCVVGPVCVKH

    /GPIGPCNKFCPOGP[CFCTKJCUKNRGOKMKTCPMTGCVKHOCPWUKC[CPIMGDGPCTCPP[CDGTUKHCVVGPVCVKHUGDCICKOCMJNWM6WJCP;CPI/CJC'UCCVCU MGDGUCTCPFCP EKRVCCP0[COGNCNWKMGVGTCVWTCPUKHCVJKFTQMCTDQP

    /GPICOCNMCP PKNCKPKNCK CICOC FCNCODGTRKMKTMTGCVKH

    '

    /GPWPLWMMCPRGTKNCMWKNOKCJOGOKNKMKTCUCKPIKPVCJWFKUKRNKPLWLWTQDLGMVKHVGTDWMCOCORWOGODGFCMCPHCMVCFCPQRKPKWNGVVGNKVKDGTVCPIIWPILCYCDMTKVKU MTGCVKH KPQXCVKH FGOQMTCVKU MQOWPKMCVKH FCNCOOGTCPECPI FCPOGNCMWMCPRGTEQDCCPUGTVCDGTFKUMWUK[CPIFKYWLWFMCPFCNCOUKMCRUGJCTKJCTK

    /GPWPLWMMCPRGTKNCMWMGTLCUCOCUCPVWPVQNGTCPUKEKPVCFCOCKFCPRGFWNKNKPIMWPICPUGTVCJGOCVFCNCOOGOCPHCCVMCPUWODGTFC[CCNCO

    /GPIIWPCMCPUKMCRKNOKCJFCNCORGTEQDCCPFCPDGTFKUMWUK

    $GMGTLCUCOCUCPVWPVQNGTCPUKFCPEKPVCFCOCKFCNCOOGNCMWMCPMGIKCVCPDGTUCOC

    $GTUKMCRTGURQPUKHRTQCMVKHFCPDKLCMUCPCFCNCOOGOGECJMCPOCUCNCJFCPOGODWCVMGRWVWUCP

    /GODGFCMCPTGCMUKGMUQVGTOFCPTGCMUKGPFQVGTODGTFCUCTMCPJCUKNRGTEQDCCPFCPFKCITCOVKPIMCVGPGTIK

    /GPGPVWMCP&*TGCMUKDGTFCUCTMCPJWMWO*GUUFCVCRGTWDCJCPGPVCNRKRGODGPVWMCPUVCPFCTFCPFCVCGPGTIKKMCVCP

    /GPFKUMWUKMCP RGPIGTVKCP UKUVGO FCPNKPIMWPICP

    /GPFKUMWUKMCPMCNQTFCPJWMWOMGMGMCNCPGPGTIK

    /GPIKFGPVKHKMCUK TGCMUK GMUQVGTO FCPGPFQVGTO

    /GPIJKVWPIRGTWDCJCPGPVCNRK

    /GTCPECPIOGNCMWMCPOGP[KORWNMCPUGTVCOGP[CLKMCPJCUKNRGTEQDCCPTGCMUKGMUQVGTOFCPTGCMUKGPFQVGTO

    /GTCPECPIOGNCMWMCPFCPOGP[KORWNMCPUGTVCOGP[CLKMCPJCUKNRGTEQDCCPRGPGPVWCP&*UWCVWTGCMUK

    /GNCMWMCP TCPECPICP FCP RGTEQDCCPTGCMUKGMUQVGTOFCPTGCMUKGPFQVGTO

    /GNCMWMCP TCPECPICP FCP RGTEQDCCPRGPGPVWCP'*TGCMUK

    /GODWCV MGUKORWNCP FCP NCRQTCP JCUKNRGTEQDCCP

  • Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 392')#0)#0)747

    2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCV /GOCJCOKTGCMUKGMUQVGTO /GPICPCNKUKUFKCITCOVKPIMCVGPGTIKFCPCNKTCPMCNQTWPVWMOGPGPVWMCPTGCMUKGMUQVGTO /GTCPECPIFCPOGNCMWMCPRGTEQDCCPVGPVCPITGCMUKGMUQVGTO /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPFCP NCRQTCPRGTEQDCCPTGCMUKGMUQVGTO2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCV /GOCJCOK TGCMUKGPFQVGTO /GPICPCNKUKUFKCITCOVKPIMCVGPGTIKFCPCNKTCPMCNQTWPVWMOGPGPVWMCPTGCMUKGPFQVGTO /GTCPECPIFCPOGNCMWMCPRGTEQDCCP VGPVCPI TGCMUKGPFQVGTO /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPFCP NCRQTCPRGTEQDCCPTGCMUKGPFQVGTO2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCV/GOCJCOK LGPKULGPKU RGTWDCJCPGPVCNRK2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCV /GPIJKVWPIRGTWDCJCPGPVCNRK DGTFCUCTMCP GMURGTKOGP /GTCPECPIFCPOGNCMWMCPRGTEQDCCP VGPVCPIRGPGPVWCPRGTWDCJCPGPVCNRK FGPICPMCNQTKOGVGT /GODWCV MGUKORWNCPFCP NCRQTCPRGTEQDCCPRGPGPVWCPRGTWDCJCPGPVCNRK FGPICP MCNQTKOGVGT2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCV /GPIJWDWPIMCPRGTWDCJCPGPVCNRK FGPICPGPGTIK KMCVCP /GPIJKVWPIRGTWDCJCPGPVCNRK DGTFCUCTMCP GMURGTKOGP JWMWO*GUUFCVC RGTWDCJCPGPVCNRK RGO

    DGPVWMCPUVCPFCTFCPGPGTIK KMCVCP /GTCPECPIFCPOGNCMWMCPRGTEQDCCP VGPVCPIRGPGPVWCPMCNQTRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCT /GODWCVMGUKORWNCPFCP NCRQTCPRGTEQDCCPRGPGPVWCPMCNQTRGODCMCTCPDCJCPDCMCT2GTVGOWCP5GVGNCJOGNCNWKRTQUGURGODGNCLCTCPRGUGTVCFKFKMFCRCV/GPIGTLCMCPUQCNWNCPICPJCTKCP

    & /CVGTK2GODGNCLCTCP 2GTVGOWCP

    C 5KUVGOFCP.KPIMWPICPD -CNQTE *WMWO-GMGMCNCP'PGTIK

    2GTVGOWCP4GCMUK'MUQVGTO

    2GTVGOWCP4GCMUK'PFQVGTO

    2GTVGOWCPC ,GPKU2GTWDCJCP'PVCNRKD 2GTWDCJCP'PVCNRK2GODGPVWMCP5VCPFCTE 2GTWDCJCP'PVCNRK2GPIWTCKCP5VCPFCTF 2GTWDCJCP'PVCNRK2GODCMCTCP5VCPFCTG 2GTWDCJCP'PVCNRK2GNCTWVCP5VCPFCT

    2GTVGOWCP2GPGPVWCP'*4GCMUK$GTFCUCTMCP-CNQTKOGVGT

    2GTVGOWCPC 2GPGPVWCP'*4GCMUK$GTFCUCTMCP*WMWO*GUUD 2GPGPVWCP'*4GCMUK$GTFCUCTMCP2GTWDCJCP'PVCNRK2GODGPVWMCP5VCPFCTE 2GPGPVWCP'*4GCMUK$GTFCUCTMCP&CVC'PGTIK+MCVCP

    2GTVGOWCP7NCPICP*CTKCP

  • 40 Kimia XIa (Peminatan) 2')#0)#0)747

    ' /GVQFG2GODGNCLCTCP /GVQFGUCKPVKHKM 2GODGNCLCTCCP MQQRGTCVKH 2GODGNCLCTCP FKUEQXGT[ 2GODGNCLCTCPDGT