PHU LUC III C VAN DE TRQNG TAM X1N K1EN NHAN DAN

DiJ THAO BO LUAT DAN SU (SUA DOI) anh kern theo Quydt Binh so A19 /QD-UBND thang 01 nenn 2015 cita Uy ban nhan dan tinh)

A him eiia co' quan tham quyen trong vice bao ye quyen dan sir

BO lust dan six hien hanh quy dinh nguyen tac tat ca cac quyen dan sit cna ca nhan, phap nhan, chit the khac dirge ton trong va dirge phap lust bao ve (Dieu 9) nhimg chua quy dinh cu the trach nhiem cua Tim an, ca quan c6 tham quyen khac trong viec thu ly, giai quyet vu, viec dan six trong truerng hop chua c6 quy dinh cua phap lust ye vu, viec dan sit d6.

Dv thao BO lust be sung Dieu 19, theo do, T6a an khOng dugc tir choi yeu eau giai quyet vu, viec dan sit vi lY do chua c6 dieu lust de ap dung; trong trueng hop nay, Tea an can cir yao tap quan (Dieu 11), nguyen tac ap dung phap lust Mang tit, cac nguyen the co ban cna phap lust dan sit va le cong bang (Dieu 12) de xem xet, giai quyet.

Ve van de nay, hien c6 hai loci y kien:

- Loai y kien thu nhat: nhat tri vgi quy dinh ena du thao BO lust vi cac lY do sau day:

Thu nhat, quy dinh nhu dix thao BO lust se bao ve quyen va lgi ich hop phap cua ca nhan, phap nhan met each kip thed va triet de Ilan vi Tea c6 trach nhiem xem xet, quyet moi tranh chap dan six, ke ca trong trueng hop khong c6 lust dieu chinh;

Thin hai, quy dinh nhu du thao BO lust la nham trien khai thi hanh mot each triet de quy dinh tai khoan 3 Dieu 102 Hien phap ham 2013, theo d6, "T6a an nhan dan c6 nhiem vu bao ye ding 1Y, bao ve quyen con ngued, quyen cOng dan, bao ve the do xa hei chit nghia, bao ve lgi ich cua nha more, quyen va lgi ich hop phap cUa to chik, ca nhan";

TIM ba, ve kinh nghiem quec nhieu nuerc ciing quy dinh Tham phan khong dugc tix chei giai quyet cac vu, viec dan sir ke ca trong truemg hop chua co quy dinh cua luSt.

- Loai y kien thir hai: de nghi khOng quy dinh van de nay trong BO lust dan sit vi cac lYT do sau day:

TIM nhat, de Toa an c6 the giai quyet tat ca cac tranh chap dan six, ke ca trong truerng hop khong c6 lust thi can giao cho Tee an quyen "giai thich phap lust". Theo d6, trong tn./Ong hop khOng, c6 lust thi Tham phan, Hei tham can cur cac nguyen the chung phap lust, niem tin nei tam va le ding bang de dua ra phan quyet. Cac khai niem nay lai qua. trim Wong, khong co tieu chi ro rang; dong thoi Hien phap va Luat to chirc Tea an nhan dan khong trao quyen giai thich phap

luat (t eo nghia reng nhu t en) cho Tea an;

thdm tham vai H

Thdm giai t

nghie tong

Thit hai, khoan 2 Diu 103 Hien phap nam 2013 quy dinh, Thdm phan, Hei et xir dee lap va oh' tuan theo phap luat. Viec quy dinh Tham phan va Hei hai dua ra phan quy t ke ca trong truemg hop khOng c6 luat la chua ph* .hop en phap;

Thu ba, quy dinh na thieu tinh kha thi vi viec thuc hien tren thuc to dei hed phan, Hei tham pha dirgc dao to met each bai ban ye nghiep vu, ky nang ch phap luat;

Thir tu, quy dinh na lien quan den thdm quyen, trach nhiem ciia Tea an, can c*u de neu can thie thi quy dinh trong Luat to ch*c T6a an hoac Be luat to

an su.

2. W' quyn nhan t an

BO luat dan su hien h nh quy dinh 26 quyen nhan than (tir Dieu 26 den Dieu 51).

Du thao BO luat tie tuc ,quy dinh cac quyen nhan than cu the (tir Dieu 31 den ieu 50), sUa doi met 6 dieu cho ph* hop v•i Hien phap nhu quyen dirge bao dam .n toan ve dei song ri ngstu, bi mat ca. nhan (thay cho quyen bi mat dei dOn, hied be sung mot so uyen nhu quyen lap hei, quyen tiep can thong tin, quye Ngoai ra, Dieu 51 du thao Be luat quy dinh, cac quyen nhan than khac ye dan su deu dirge ceng nhan, ton trong, bao ve va bao dam theo Hien phap va phap lust.

Ve van de nay, hien c6 hai

- Loai 3'T kin thu nh t: nhdt tri quy dinh cua du thao Be luat, theo do, Be luat din su can cu the Ma cac quyen nhan than diroc quy dinh trong Hien pita") va dieu Lac quoc to ma Viet Nam la thanh vien.

Loai 3'r kin nay dua tren cac can cu sau day:

Thu nhat, cac quy dinh cila Hien phap mang tinh khai quat cao, Be luat dan su to each là luat cluing cila he' thong luat tu can quy dinh cu the, chi tiet cac quye nhan than da duoc 4uy dinh trong Hien phap lam ca se cho cac lust hoac van b n clued luat khac quy dinh, bac ve cac quyen nhan than ciaa ca nhan;

Thu hai, viec quy dinh cu the cac quyen nhan than se tao thu'an lgi hem cho dung phap luat tron thuc tien;

Thu ba, viec quy di thong dm phap .1

• nam 2005 va thuc ti

- Loai 3'7 kien thin h nhan than da dugc nham xac dinh to c ve ho,, ten, nai cu tr ng Hien phap, nhu dirge khai sinh, khai

rih cu the cac quyen nhan than trong BO luat dan su la dan su Viet Nam tix Be luat dan su nam 1995, Be luat n ep dung ding khong cho thdy c6 bdt cap loo.

i: de nghi Be luSt dan su khong nen quy dinh lai cac ghi nhan trong Hien phap ma chi nen quy dinh met se ach cho the dm, nhan trong quan dan su, nhu la:

va met so quyen nhan than dSe th* khong quy dinh cu a: quyen xac dinh lai giof tinh, quyen dOi voi hinh anh,

viec

truye dan s

quye quye quye the tr quye

Loai y kien nay dua tren cac can cir sau day:

Thin nhat, viec BO lust dan six quy dinh lai cac quyen nhan than da dime quy dinh trong Hien phap IA khong,can thiet. Trong tn.thng hop co tranh chap ye quyen nhan than, co the dp dung true tiep cac quy dish cila Hien phap de giai quyet;

Thin hai, theo kinh nghiem cila met so nuOc, BO luat dan str chi quy dinh cac quyen nhan than c6 lien quan true tiep den viec xac dinh to each chit the cna ca nhan trong quan he dan s1x, nhu quyen ve ho, ten; quyen ye not cu

3. Ve chn the cua quan he phap 1u4t dan sty

BO luat dan su hien hanh quy Binh chit the oh quan he phap luat clap sit bao gem ca nhan, phap nhan, ho gia dinh, to hop tac.

Du thAD BO luat chi quy clink chit the cua quan he, phap luat dan sr la ca. nhan va phap nhan, deng thei c6 met so quy dinh rieng ye viec tham gia quan he phap luSt dan su cac thanh vien ho gia dinh, to hop tac, cac to ch*c khac khOng c6 to each phap nhan (tir Dieu 119 den Dieu 121); met so quy dinh rieng ve viec tham gia quan he dan su cua Nha nu& Cong boa xa hei chit nghia Viet Nam, co quan nha nuac trung uong va a dia phuong (tir Dieu 115 den Dieu 118).

Ve van a nay, hien c6 hai Loai y kien:

- Loai y kien thit nhat: nhat tri vai quy dinh dm du thao Be lust vi nhang lY do sau day:'

Thu nhat, cac thanh vien cua ho gia dinh thuthig xuyen c6 six thay dOi (do tach, phap, sinh, tur, ket hon...) nen viec xac dinh thanh vien dm ho gia dinh khi c6 tranh chap de xac dinh quyen va nghia vu gap nhieu Ich6 khan;

Thir hai, kho xac dinh "tai san chung cita ho gia dinh", ich chung" cua ho gia dinh khi tham gia quan he dan sir va dieu do gay kh6 khan trong viec xac Binh trach nhiem dan su dm ca nhan hay trach nhiem dan sin cila he gia dinh;

Thin ba, ve to hop tac, hien nay c6 gan 80% to hop tac khong dang ky chimg thine va cac quy Binh ve to hop tac hien hanh gay nhieu kh6 khan trong viec xac dinh to each phap ly dm to hop tac, phap dinh trach nhiem dan su dm to hop tac va trach nhiem dan su cita timg thanh vien to hop tac;

Thu tit, viec quy dinh he gia dinh, to hop tac la chit' the dia quan he phap luat dan sin nhu Be luat hien hanh da gay ra nhieu kho,khan cho hoat,deng dp dung phap luat, d4C bit la cho TOa an trong viec quyet cac tranh chap co sin tham gia cua he gia dinh, to hop tac vi hau nhu khong c6 ho gia dinh, to hop tac la nguyen don hay bi dun dan su;

Thu nam, viec chi quy dinh chit the quan he phap lust dan su gem c6 ca nhan va phap nhan la phis hop th6ng le quoc te.

- Loai y kien thin hai: de nghi tiep tuc ghi nhan he gia dinh va to hop tac la cac chit the dm quan he phap luat dan sin nhu BO luat dan su hien hanh vi cac 1Y do sau day:

Thir nhat, he gia di gia vao nhieu qua

. Hien nay co khoan tac dang ngay can

c xa va doanh nghie an he phap luat dan s

, to hop tac la nhimg thuc the dang ten tai trong xa hei he phap luat dan skr, nhu quan he sir dung dat dai, dien, 370.000 to hop tac dang hog deng Oinuov ta, mo hinh phat trien va la met trong nhang tien (le de thanh lap •. Viec, khong ghi nhan to hop tac nhu la met loci chili

co the lam giam vai tro va su phat trien cita cac to hop

va tha mak. to h hop t the q tac;

Thin hai, viec quy di dan s la can thiet, xuat p gia di va lich sir cila Nh

• ho gia dinh va to hop tac la chili the quan phap lugat tir cac dieu kien dac thu ve kinh te, van hOa, xa hOi, nage ta;

Thin ba, met se luat ien hanh cling da ghi nhan he gia dinh va to hop tac la chit t 8 cna quan he phap luat nhu Luat dat dai, Lug bao ve va phat trien rung,

g Lu •a° hiem y te, Luat he • tac xa...;

Thu tu, cac han che, bat cap trong cac quy dinh phap luat ve ho gia dinh, to hop t c hien nay la có that ung co the khac phuc dugc trong qua trinh hoan thien phap ug de tao co so phap lY tot hon cho ho gia dinh, to hop tac ton tai va phat trien.

4. Ve h4u qua pha • 157 dm giao dich dan sixs khong tuan thil quy dinh ye hinh h•c

Dieu 134 BO lug dan su hien hanh quy dinh: "Trong truerng hop phap lug quy d:nh hinh thirc la dieu kien có hieu lkrc dm giao dich ma cac ben khOng tuan

quye khac quyet dinh buec cac ben thuc hien quy dinh ve hinh thirc cila giao dich

if theo i theo yeu cau dm 1-110t hoac cac ben, Tea an, co quan nha nuoc có tham

trong met thei han; qua thgi han dO ma khong thuc hien thi giao dich vo hieu".

Khoan 1 Dieu 145 du thao BC) lug quy dinh:

"1. Trugng hop lug quy dinh hinh thuc la dieu kien có hieu luc cilia giao dich an su ma hinh tithe do khong &roc tuan thu thi giao dich dan su do bi vo hieu, r* cac trueng hop sail day:

a) Viec khong tuan Chit quy dinh ve hinh thirc khOng nham tron tranh nghia vu vgi ngueri khac va chit he giao dich dan su dd,chuy6n giao tai san hoac da thuc hien Ong viec. Trong tru g hop nay, theo yeu cau cilia met hoac cac ben, co quan có th m quyen có trach nh'em hoan tat thil tuc del voi giao dich dan sir do;

b) Trugng hop chili he chua chuyen giao tai san hoac chum thuc hien cang viec t i theo yeu can oda of hoac cac ben, Tod an cho phep thuc hien quy dinh ye hinh h*c dia giao dich can su trong met thi han hop ly; qua tiled han do ma khOn thuc hien thi giao di h dan su do bi vo hieu."

V' van de nay, hien o hai loci y kiL:

- Loai y kiL thin nh t: nhat tri voi quy dinh cilia du thao BO lug vi quy dinh nhu viy,la phi hop voi th, c tien ky ket, thuc hien hop clang g nu& ta; bao dam tot lion q yen, lgi ich hop pha dm chit the xac lap quan he hop ciong ciing nhu quyen, led is hop phap cilia ngu thir ba; gOp phan bao dam su On dinh cilia quan he thi truer

- Loai 3"/ kien thir hai: de nghi tip tuc duy tri quy dinh nhu BO lust dan su hien hanh de bao dam tinh nghiem minh caa phap lust, theo do, trong truang hop phap lust quy dinh hinh thirc bat buck cua giao dich thi cha the caa giao dich phai tuan thu hinh thdc do, neu khong tuan thu thi giao dich bi tuyen bo vo bleu; phap lust hien hanh chi quy dinh giao dich dugc xac lap duai hinh thirc bat bu8c trong mot so truong hop lien quan den bat &Ong san va d8ng san co gia tri lon (oto, xe may, tau bay...) va viec quy dinh cac ben bat bulk phai tuan thu hinh thirc nay la nham gOp phan quan 13'T nha nuoc doi voi cac loci tai san neu tren.

5. Ve bao ve ngtroi thir ba ngay tinh trong trui-ing hop giao dich dan so' bi vo hien

Dieu 138, BO lust dan sir hien hanh quy dinh truang hop giao dich dan su bi Toa,an tuyen bo hieu nhung tai san la bat d8ng san hoac d8ng san phai clang kY. quyen so hitu da chuyen giao cho nguai thir ba ngay tinh thi giao dich yeti nguai thin ba bi vo hieu va chit so. him duge nhan 1L tai san cua minh, trir hai trueng hop: (1) Ngued thir ba nhan dugc tai san thong qua ban dau gia; (2) Ngtroi,tha ba giao dich nguai ma theo ban an, quyet dinh ca quan nha nuoc co tham quyen la cha han tai san nhung sau do ngtrOi nay khong phai la chit so hint tai san do ban an, quyet Binh bi hay, siva.

Dieu 148 du. thao BO lust quy dinh: "2. Trirong hop d'Oi tuong caa giao dich dan su la tai san phai dang ky quyen so him ma tai san dO da dugc clang ky tai ca quan nha nuoc c6 tham quyen, sau do dugc chuyen giao bang mot giao dich khac cho nguai thir ba va nguai nay can cu vao viec dang 14- do ma xac lap, thus hien giao dich thi giao dich do khong bi vo hieu, trir trueng hop nguai thir ba biet hoac phai biet tai san la doi tugng cua giao dich da bi chiem doat bat hap phap hoac ngodi S'T chi caa cha so hitu; 3. TrtrOng hop dOi tuong cua giao dich dan su la tai san phai clang 147 quyen so him ma tai san do chua dugc dang 1(3'T tai co quan nha nuoc co tham quyen nhung da dugc chuyen giao bang met giao dich khac cho nguai thir ba thi giao dich nay bi vo hieu, trir throng hgp nguai thir ba ngay tinh nhan dugc tai san nay thOng qua ban dau gia hoac giao dich voi nguai ma theo ban an, quyet dinh cua ca quan nha nuoc c6 tham quyen là chit so hau,tai san nhung sau do nguai nay khong phai la cha him tai san do ban an, quyet dinh.bi huST, siva".

Ve van de nay, hien có hai loci y kien:

- Loai 3"/ kien thir nhat: nhat tri veri quy dinh dm der thao 138 lust vi cac lY do sau day:

Thu nhat, quy dinh ninr du thao BO lust gop phAn bao dam tot han, ding bang, hop VT hon quyen, lgi ich hop pita') caa nguai thien chi, ngay tinh trong giao luu dan scr, theo do, neu nguai thu ba ngay tinh can cu vao viec tai san da dugc dang ky tai co quan nha ntrac có thAm quyen ma xac lap giao dich thi nguai thir ba ngay tinh dugc bao ve;

Thu hai, BO lust dan su nam 2005 (Dieu 168, Dieu 439, Dieu 692), Laat dot dai nam 2013 (khoan 3 Dieu 188) quy dinh died di8m xac lap, thay doi, cham dirt

quye s& hint d6i van bat d ng san, deng san co clang 14 quyen so him dugc tinh tir thad iem dang kY. Du th o BO luat tai khoan 3 Dieu 182 ye co ban ke thna quy dinh na BO luat dan su hien hanh va phn hop ved quy dinh cua Luat dat dai nam 2013. Do dO, viec quy di i bao ye ngued this ba ngay tinh trong truaing hop tai san da d gc clang ky tai co q an nha nu& có tham quyen la ph-it hop vOi nguyen tac dang 4 bat clOng san hien ay, bao darn su on dinh trong cac quan he dan sir;

Thir ba, quy dinh u du thao BO luat gop phan thay dei nhan thirc cua nguo dan clOi cong tde dang kY tai san, dOng thed g6p phan nang cao tinh than trach nhiem cna cac can be lam cong tac clang lcy tai san.

- Loai y kien flan ha : de nghi gin nhu quy dinh cua BO luat dan su hien hanh vi co.+ lY do sau day:

Thir nhat, nguyen tien bao ve chn so• him tai Dieu 138 BO luat dan su hien anh la ke thira BO 1 at dan su nam 1995 va da dugc ap dung On dinh trong gan 20 nam qua;

Thir hai, bao vetth n quyen cna chit' so ITEM tai san la dei Wong cua giao dich va p hop voi tinh than ba ve quyen him dugc quy dinh tai Dieu 32 Hien phap;

Thir ba, bao dam tinh kha thi khi viec clang 14 bat &Ong san hien nay & mr&c to da g co nhieu bat cap, cOn nhieu sai sot ma chua the khL phuc ngay dugc.

6. Ve hinh thirc so' hi•u

Bo luat dan su hien hanh quy dinh 6 hinh thirc him la: (1) See hat nha nuarc (2) So hum tap the; (3) So'hat tr nhan; (4) So' huu chung; (5) So. him dm to chirc chinh tri, to chic chinh tri - xa hei;,(6) SO. him cna to chnc chinh tri xa - nghe nghiep, sat him cila tO chnc hei, to chnc xa hOi - nghe nghiep.

Dtr thao BO luat quy Binh ba hinh thirc so huu, bao g6m so him toan dan, s& hiru nieng va s& hat chung (Dieu 213 va cac dieu tir Dieu 224 den Dieu 247).

Ve van de nay, hien có hai loci y kien:

- Loai y kien thn Mat: nhat tri vOi quy dinh cita du thao BO luat vi cac lY do sau d y:

Thin nhat, Dieu 53 Hien phap da quy dinh ve so him toan dan va BO luat dan su ca ghi nhan hinh thirc so huu toan dan de phit hop ved Hien phap;

Thir hai, d6i tucmg ena s& hint toan dan la nhnng tai san co gia tri lon, la to lieu xuat chn yeu cita dat nuoc, do do so hirn toan dan la hinh tilde so hitu rat quan trong ca ye mat kinh to va chinh tri. Vi vay, so him toan dan can dugc coi là mot Binh thirc so hint dee lap;

Thir ba, co the thgc hien quyen chiem hiru, sir dung, Binh dog del voi tai san thue hinh thirc s& hilu to n dan có nhieu diem dac thu so voi con hinh fink so him khac do chi co Nha, nuO.c , 6i có quyen chiem him, sir dung, dinh dot tai san thuec so h toan dan va có ch- phap rieng cho Nha nuo.c thut hien quyen nay, do vay an quy dinh hinh thin so' him toan dan trong BO luat dan str.

• •

- Loai y kien this hat: de nghi quy dinh hai hinh thuc sat him, bao gem so' huu

t.f,, 6

rieng va so. him chung, trong do, s6 him toan dan là met clang dac biet cna s& httu chung (s6 huu chung hop nhat khOng the phan chia do Nha nugc dai dien chn so him va thong nhat quan IY).

kien nay dga ten cac ly do sau day:

Thir nhat, ging nhu loci y kien thir nhat, viec quy dinh so him chung va se him rieng la dua tren viec met hay nhieu ngu&i. (chit the) thgc hien quyen so' huu (met ngtr6i thgc hien quyen la hiru rieng; nhieu ngtr6i thuc hien quyen la see him chung), khong can cu \Tao viec xac dinh ngtr6i (clan the) cu the thuc hien quyen so ban (nhu Nha nugc, ca nhan, to chirc chinh tri, to chirc chinh tri- xa hei...) nhu Be luat hien hanh va str phan loci nay ciing dugc nhieu quoc gia ap dung;

Thir hai, so huu toan dan dugc hien la met hinh thuc so him chung do toan dan là chn so him ma Nha nuoc la ngu6i dai dien, do do khong nen quy Binh so' huu toan dan nhu met hinh thuc hum dee lap. Tuy nhien, viec chiem hilu, sir dung, Binh doat tai san thuc so' hilu toan dan c6 su khac biet vai cac hinh thirc so. him chung khac nen can quy dinh thanh met muc rieng trong the dinh ye so hiru chung.

- Ben canh do, coy kien de nghi Bo 101 dan sir can quy dinh ba hinh thirc so' bao gem so' him nha nugc, sa him to nhan va so hint chung vi cac lY do sau

day:

Thir nhat,, so. him toan dan dugc quy dinh trong Hien phap (Dieu 53) nen dugc hieu là che do s6 him. Trong met quan he phap luat dan sr cu the, can xac dinh cha the la ai, ca nhan hay to ch*c nao c6 quyen va c6 nghia vu dan str. Trong so. him toan dan thi khong ton tai ch.* the la toan dan ma chi có Nha nugc mai c6 quyen chiem him, sir dung, dinh dog tai san cong (vgi M. each dai dien toan dan). Do dO, nen hieu sa hiru toan dan là che de so• him con hinh thirc so him la s& ITEM nha ntrac;

Thir hai, hinh thirc so him nha nugc da dugc quy dinh trong BO luat dan six hien hanh va nhieu van ban phap luat khac trong 10 nam qua. Viec khong quy dinh hinh thirc huu nha nugc trong BO luat dan su se dan den phal sira doi nhieu van ban va phat sink nhieu chi phi;

Thir ba, Dieu 32 Hien phap quy dinh quyen s6 him to nhan dugc phap luat bao ho. Day la quy dinh mai, rat quan trong, lan dau tien quyen s6 him tu nhan dugc ghi nhan trong Hien phap, the hien tu tugng, chinh sach dm Bang va Nha ntro.c ye van de so' huu. Theo do, BO luat dan su can quy dinh ro, cu the hinh thuc "s& him tu nhan";

Thu tu, viec quy dinh sa him nha nugc, s& him tu nhan, sa him chung là the hien su ke thira co chon loc cac quy dinh cna BO luat dan su hien hanh.

7. Ve thoi diem xac 14p quyen so' hint va cac vat quyen khac

,Dieu 168 BO luat dan su hien hanh quy dinh "Viec chuyen quyen s& huu dOi voi bat long san c6 hien luc ke tir thei diem clang ky quyen s6 huu, trir trugng hop phap luat co quy dinh khac".

Dieu 182 Du thao Bo luat quy dinh:

7

`1. Viec xac lap quyen so hitu va vat quyLt khac c6 hieu lye ke tir thai diem tai san duoc chuyen giao, n u hop dong hoac luat khong co quy dinh khac.

ruerng hop hop clOn va luat ding quy dinh nhung khac nhau ve tiled diem xac la quyen sa him, vat q yen khac thi dp dung theo quy dinh cua luat.

hai diem tai san d gc chuyen giao dugc hieu la thai diem ben c6 quyen hoac guai dai dien hop ph 'p cua ho true tiep nam gill, chi phOi tai san.

2. Trueng hop tai sa da dugc chuyen giao truck thed diem bop dOng dugc giao k't thi quyen sa hau v vat quyen khac dugc xac lap ke tir thei diem hop dong CO hie luc, trir trueng hop uat hoac hop (tong co quy dinh khac.

3. Trixong hop luat .uy dinh viec chuyen giao vat phai dugc dang ky tai co quan o than quyen thi th' diem xac lap quyen sa hiru va vat quyen khac c6 hieu luc ke tit thed diem dang

Ve van de nay, hien o hai loci y kien:

- Loai y kien flair nh t: nhat tri vad quy Binh cna du thao BO luat vi cac lY do sau d:

Thir nhat, quy Binh n y ginp phan dinh ro rang hon thei diem giao dich duoc xac la. (co hieu lgc) voi tai diem quyen ser hitu hoac vat quyen khac duoc xac liar);

, Thir hai, quy dinh nay vita the hien su ton trong cila Nha ntrOc to del voi

diem rac lap quyen doi voi tai san, vim bao dam viec tuan thil cac quy dinh mang 1. quyen dm cac ehn the dm quan he dan su trong viec thoa thuan de xac dinh theri

tinh nguyen the trong viec xac dinh thai diem chuyen quyen doi voi met so tai san dac biet nhu bat dong san;

Thu ba, bao dam stir dOng bO dm. BO luat dan six voi quy Binh cila cac luat khac 6 lien quan nhu Luat dat dai, Luat nha 6., Luat kinh doanh bat dong san...;

-, Loai Y kien tin"' hai: de nghi quy dinh mot nguyen tac thong nhat, theo do, thai d em,xac lap quyen sot hfru va vat quyen khac doi voi bat dong san duoc tinh tir the. diem tai san dugc clang kY tai ca quan c6 than quyen va cac ben da hoan tat thii tu truce ba sang ten vi cac lY do sau day:

Thir nhat, thnc clay viec xay dung dugc met he thOng clang kY tai san thong nhat, inh Bach, qua do tang cuing hieu qua quan 1ST nha nuov doi voi bat dang san v thi trueng bat dOng san, gip phan on dinh thi truemg bat dOng san va nguen thu n an sach Nha nuov;

Thir hai, darn bao tinh thong nhat aim he thong phap luat, han the dirge tinh trang y khai dm cac luat chuyen nganh khi dieu chinh cac quan he xa hai lien quan den b t dong san.

8. Ve dieu chinh ho' dOng khi hoan canh thay dOi

BO luat dan su hien hanh khOng,quy climb tea an c6 quyen dieu chinh hop dOng na cac ben khi hoan canh thay doi. Dieu nay the hien su ton trong tuyet dOi dm IN a nuac doi voi quyen tu do Y chi, tu do dinh doat cua cac chn the trong quan

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he hop dong.

Dieu 443 du than BO luat ve dieu chinh hop dong khi hoan canh thay d6i quy dinh truong hop boast canh thay doi dan den quyen, lai ich caa met trong cac ben bi anh huOng nghiem trong thi cho phep cac ben dieu chinh hop dong; trueng hop cac ben khong dat dirge thoa thuan trong met khoang th6i gian hop 1Y thi Toa an co the: a) Chant dirt hop dong vao ngay va theo nhung dieu khoan do Tod an quyet dinh; b) Dieu chink hop dong de phan chia cho cac ben cac thiet hai va loi ich phat sink tir viec thay dOi hoan canh met cach cong bang va binh dang. TuY theo tang tru6ng hop, Tod an có the buec ben tir,chei dam phan hoac phd ver dam phan met cach khong thien chi, trung thuc phai bei thuong thiet hai.

Ve van de nay, hien co hai loci y kien:

- Loai y kien thir nhat: nhat tri yeti quy dinh trong du than BO luat vi cac IY do sau day:

nix nhat, viec cho phep T6a an dieu chinh hop dong khi hoan canh thay doi khong vi pham nguyen tac to do Y chi, to do dinh dog cilia cac cha the quan he hop &ling ma la sr cu the hoa nguyen tac ve tinh có gioi han cna viec flux hien quyen dan sir duoc quy dinh tai Dieu 16 du thao BO luat. Theo yeu ,cau citanguyen tac nay thi de bao dam can bang loi ich cac ben trong hop dong, sr On dinh caa cac quan dan sir, thuong mai co quan, can cho phep Toa an co the dial chinh hop dong theo cac dieu kien chat the dugc quy dinh trong BO 1114 dan sir;

Thin hai, viec cho phep Tea an dieu chinh hop &Ong se thuc day cac hop dOng dugc thgc hien trong thirc tien, day mann giao Km dan sir.

- Loai y kien thir hai: de nghl khong quy dinh nhu du thao Be luat vi quy dinh nhu vay la khong pita hop vOi ban chat cila hop &rig la sir to do y chi, tir do thoa thuan. Cac ca quan nha nuac, trong do co TOa an khOng dugc va 'thong nen can thiep vao sir to do cila cac ben khi tham gia cac giao dich dan sir not chung va hop &Ong not rieng. Be luat dan sir hien Utah va du thao Be luat da quy dinh ve sira dOi hop 'long, trong trtamg hop hoan canh thay dei thi cac ben co quyen thOa thuan de sua doi hop deng, neuhoan canh thay doi den mire UOng the awe hien dirge hop &Ong thi hop dong cham dirt theo sir thea thuan hoac theo quy dinh cua phap 1114. Viec cho phep Ma an can thiep den mirc phan chia thiet hai, buec phai darn phan, buec boi thuOng thiet hai khi met ben khong dam phan nhu du thao BO luat la khong dimg voi ban chat cUa hop deng va khong kha thi tren thuc tien.

9. Ve lai suat trong hop (Ring vay tai san

Di&I 476 BO luat dan sir hien hanh quy dinh, lai suat vay do cac ben thoa thuan nhung ,khong dugc vugt qua 150% caa lai suat co ban do Ngan hang Nha nuerc cong bo doi voi Loai cho vay tuong img. Trong trtreng hop cac ben có thoa thuan ve viec tra lai, nhung khOng xac dinh ro lai suat hoac co tranh chap ye lai suat thi ap dung lai suat co ban do Ngan hang Nha nuOc cong bo tuong tang \Ted thai han vay tai th6i diem tra no.

Thin nhat, quy dinh 1 oc cong be la de ta san, ngan ngira viec

Thin hai, viec cong uy dinh tai Dieu 12

•

ieu 491 du thao Be do lua dinh. Trueng hop thuan Ong dirge vuot qua bo dei voi loci vay tuang lai suit theo thda thuan vu rnirc 1.1 suat virdt qua khon

luat quy dinh, ldi suat vay do cac ben then thuan hoc ac ben ce di& thuan ye lai suat thi lai suat theo thea 200% caa lai suat co ban do Ngan hang nha nude cong g, tra trudng hop brat co quy dinh khac. Trueng hop qua lai suat gfof han dude quy dinh o khoan nay thi

ea hieu

e van de nay, hien i o hai loci y kien:

- Loai y kien this nh • nhat tri voi quy dinh cua du thao BO luat vi cac lY do sau

dc lai suat tran dva ten 1af suat co ban do Ngan hang ra sir thong nhat ye xac dinh lai suat trong hop deng

cho vay nang

o lai suat co ban do Ngan hang Nha nude thvc hien dd uat ngan hang Nha nude Viet Nam;

Nha n vay ta

dude

Thu ba, viec xac di 1 met mire 1af suat tran cu the trong,BO luat dan là khOn pha hop vori tinh hi phat trien nang cleng caa nen kinh te nude ta.

- Loai y kien thin hai de nghi quy dinh met mix lai suat tran cu the trong BO luat d n sv, khong,sir dung lai silk ca ban do Ngan hang Nha nude cong be lam lai suat t am chieu, dong thdi, quy dinh nguyen tac, that'll quyen thay dei mire lai suat cu the nay khi can thiet viac ly do sau day:

Thu nhat, theo then le, ldi suat co ban chi la mac lai suat chung vai muc dich 46 dien hanh chinh Sach tien te, khOng mang tinh thi trireng, lai suat nay khOng dude chia thanh cac mire lai suat khac nhau de ap dung, cho cac thdi han khac nhau, cha the tham gia giao dich kilo cc!). the biet muc 151 suat ca ban do Ngan hang Nha nude cong be ce pha hop voi loci vay tucmg Ung hay khong. Do do, sir dung di suat co ban de

the chinh cac quan he dan sir la khOng pha hop, se gay

kho an cho cac cha the khi tham gia giao dich dan sr tren thuc te;

Thu hai, viec quy di cu the mire lai suat trong Be luat dan sir se darn ban dirge inh rO rang minh ba h, de ap dung, cac ben tham gia giao dich dan sv có the

ay han qua phap lY i xac lap hop &Ong vay.

10. v'e film hieu

Dieu 155 BO luat cla hieu kien va thdi hie khoi ien); (2) Thai hien dan s . Trong do, that hie hoc eu can Toa an giai q caa 1 fnh da bi xam pham mat q yen yeu cau.

sv hien hanh quy dinh cac loci thei hien sau: (1) Thai yeu cau giai quyet viec dan sv (goi chung la thdi hien

tieing quyen dan sir va (3) Thai hieu mien tra nghia vu '<h&j kien la tladi han ma chit the dude quyen kheri kien yet vu, viec dan sr de bao ve quyen va lof ich hop phap neu then han do ket thac thi mat quyen khoi kien hoc

Dir thao Be luat qu dinh chung ve tiled hieu (Dieu 167 — Dieu 180) va thdi hieu t ira ke (Dieu 646) t -o hudng: ca nhan, phap nhan phai yeu cau Toa an giai quyet vu, viec dal sv tronJg thdi han luat dinh; het thdi han do ma ca nhan, phap

biet n

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nhan meri c6 yeu cau thi thay vi tir chOi giai quyet yeu cau nhu quy dinh hien hanh, Tea an van phai thu 1Y, giai quyet va tuyen bo chit the dugc huong quyen dan su hoac dugc mien trir nghia vu dan sir.

Ve van de nay, hien c6 hai loci y kien:

- Logi y kien thin nhat: nhat tri vad quy dinh cila du. thao BO luat vi cac lY do sau day:

Thd nhat, quy dinh nay la pfth hop veri ban ,chat phap cna th6i hieu, tao cong Cu phap tot han de TOa. an bao ve cac quyen dan su cua to chgc, ca. nhan. Viec quy dinh th6i hieu khai kien nhu hien hanh chtra ginp giai quyet dugc mot each triet de va dirt diem cac tranh chap phat sink. Ben canh do, khi khong dugc Nha 'mac bao ve quyen lgi thi cac chit the c6 the sir dung nhang bien phap hanh xir ngoai vong phap luat de xir ly not bO v6i nhau, gay mat trat tg, an town xa hOi;

Thtir hai, quy dinh nay là de han the tinh tang Ra an c6 the can cg vao theri hieu ma tir choi yeu cau giai quyet vu viec, gop phan cu the hOa va trien khai thi hanh khoan 3 Dieu 102 Hien phap nam 2013, theo d6, "Tea an nhan dan c6 nhiem vu bao ve ding bao ve quyen con ngueri, quyen cong dan, bao veche de xa hOi chn nghia, bac) lgi ich cga Nha nu6c, quyen va lgi ich hop phap cna , chirc, ca nhan";

Mir ba, nghien cgu kink nghiem lap phap cga mot so nu& cho thay, BO luat dan su cua cac ntr6c cung quy dinh ve th6i hieu huemg quyen dan six, mien trir nghia vu dan su; khong quy dinh ye th6i hieu la can cur de Ua an tur choi giai quyet vu, viec dan su.

- Loai y kien dig hai: de nghi tiep tuc quy Binh ve then hieu khoi kien nhu BO luat dan su hien hanh vi cac lY do sau day:

Thg nhat, de nang cao trach nhiem cga cac ben trong viec yeu cau Nha nuac bao ve quyen lgi cho minh;

Thor hai, khong tao dp luc cho Ua an trong viec giai quyet nht-mg vu viec da xay ra trong th6i gian dai, kh6 xac dinh ve chgng cir ding nhu not dung vu viec;

Thin ba, thi hieu khai kien da dugc quy dinh va ap dung On Binh trong phap luat dan su va phap luat ye to tong dan su a ntrac ta; viec be) quy dinh ye loai thed hieu nay c6 the gay ra nhimg xdo trOn nhat dinh trong thi hanh phap luat./.

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