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U M A I R J A V A I D ( 0 9 - 6 3 3 2 )
M U H A M M A D A H K A M K H A N ( 0 9 - 6 3 9 4 )
POLARIZATION
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TOPICS TO BE COVERED
Polarization
Different Types of Polarization
LinearCircular
Elliptical
Applications of Polarization
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POLARIZATION
Polarization is a property of waves that canoscillate with more
than one orientation.
Polarization refers to the orientation of electric fieldvector
which may be in a fixed direction or maychange with time.
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TYPES OF POLARIZATION
Three main types of Polarization:
LINEAR POLARIZATION
CIRCULAR POLARIZATION
ELLIPTICAL POLARIZATION
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LINEAR POLARIZATION
Linear polarization or plane
polarization of electromagnetic
radiation is a confinement of the
electric field vector or magnetic fieldvector to a given plane
along the
direction of propagation.
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CIRCULAR POLARIZATION
Circular polarization of an
electromagnetic wave is a polarization
in which the electric field vector changes
with time in a circular fashion.
Electric field vector defines the strength
and direction of electric field.
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Right-handed/clockwise circularly polarized light
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Electric field divides into two components (verticaland
horizontal) which are at right angles to eachother.
Horizontal component leads the vertical componentby one quarter
of a wavelength. It is this quadraturephase relationship which
creates the helix.
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Left-handed/counter-clockwise circularlypolarized light
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In left-handed, the rightward (relative to thedirection of
travel) horizontal component laggs the
vertical component by one quarter of a wavelengthrather than
leading it.
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Left/right handedness conventions
From the point of view of the source.
From the point of view of the receiver.
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Applications
FM Radio (87.5 to 108.0 MHz)
circular polarization is often used to describe mixedpolarity
signals used mostly in FM radio where a verticaland a horizontal
component are propagated
simultaneously by a single or a combined array.
Circular dichroism
CD is the differential absorption of left and right handed
circularly polarized light. CD is the basis of a form
ofspectroscopy that can be used to determine the opticalisomerism
and secondary structure of molecules.
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ELLIPTICAL POLARIZATION
Elliptical polarization is the
polarization of electromagnetic radiation
such that the tip of the electric field
vector describes an ellipse.
Electric field vector defines the strength
and direction of electric field.
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Elliptical polarization results when one of the twolinear
components in Circular Polarization hasgreater amplitude than the
other.
One way to look at elliptical polarization is that thetwo
components of circular polarization are notexactly 90 degrees
apart.
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APPLICATIONS
Communications
Polarization in antennas can be horizontal, vertical,
circularand elliptical also exists. Alternating horizontal and
verticalresults in circular and elliptical polarization which is
used in
satellite communication.
3D Glasses
Polarized 3D glasses make sure each eye receives only the
intended image. Circular /Elliptical Polarization makes
left-eye/right-eye separation insensitive to viewing
orientation.
