Projekt Nové kompetence žáků v odborném vzdělávání Č. projektu: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/02.0008

Pracovní sešit ke skript ům Přírodov ědné lyceum Pracovní sešit zpracovala: Mgr. Hana Pappová Červen 2014

1

FIRST YEAR

What do you do?

a) Match. Present Simple Last year I went to primary school.

Present Continuous I am a secondary school student.

Past Simple I am going to study at university.

Future - intention I will study hard.

Future - fact Now, I am learning English.

b) Write the same sentences about one of your classmates.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

c) Now write similar sentences about you using "learn mainly Biology and Chemistry".

Present Simple ______________________________________________________

Present Continuous ______________________________________________________

Past Simple ______________________________________________________

Future - intention ______________________________________________________

Future - fact ______________________________________________________

2 Biology and Chemistry brainstorm

Write down as many words as you know that belong to your main subjects.

BIOLOGY CHEMISTRY

MY BRANCH

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3 States of matter Label the scheme with the correct terms that we use for the basic states of matter.

_______________ ________________ _______________ 4 The simplest elements

a) Can you complete the symbols of the simplest elements?

b) And what about elements whose symbols are different? iron copper silver gold lead

3

5 Cells Label the cells below. Which one is a plant cell and which is an animal cell?

6 A bit of grammar

Cross out the incorrect alterantives. The word Biology is made up of two smaller words - "bio" and "logy". Bio mean / means

life. Logy means a study of science. So Biology is the science of life. Well, what is life? What

things are alive? You are alive. Your familys / families, friends, classmates are also alive, so

are your pets, lawn, trees, plants, the food you eat, the insects you can watch / watching all

around. Life is all around. From gigantic whales that live in the / an oceans, to tiny germs that

you probably cannot see. Germs? What are these? A germ is a very small creature that lives

in the body and can cause many / much diseases. Have you got an idea what it is?

Biology is the science of learning about every kind of life, no matter where it is, or how big or

small it is. A biologist is a person who study / studies biology. You may become a biologist.

Living things have many different needs. Birds need twigs to build a nest, fish need water to

survive, your pet hamster needs a clean cage, and plants need sunlight / sunlights to make

food. All around us, living things are using their / its environment to fill these needs. Is it

clear? Well, do not worry if you don´t understand all the words. Life is very compicated.

Studying biology, studying life will help you to become a richer personality. Good luck.

4

7 The Lake District

LISTENING COMPREHENSION BEFORE YOU LISTEN 1 Look at the map of the UK . Complete the sentences. The Lake District is located in ........................... . The Lake District is located in the ……………..…. of ................ . 2 Tick the animals you think might live in the regi on. cows sheep fish deer squirrel eagle 3 Match the words that go together mountainous wildlife variety of industries red squirrel sheep region important farming WHILE YOU LISTEN 4 Check if you have the right answers in pre-listen ing exercises. 5 Listen carefully to answer the questions:

a) How can we describe the place of the Lake District?

___________________________________________________________________

b) Who was William Wordsworth?

___________________________________________________________________

c) What´s the weather like there?

___________________________________________________________________

d) Which two minerals were mined there in the past?

___________________________________________________________________

e) How many people come here to visit the area every year?

___________________________________________________________________

5

SECOND YEAR 1 Compounds Do you know these words? We call them compounds. Simply to say, compounds are words in which you can find two other words. Do you know any other examples? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2 Chemical compounds Then, again simply to say, what are chemical compounds? Well, chemical compound is a substance in which you can find ..... 3 Chemical elements and compounds Divide the words from the box into two groups.

WATER OXIDE SALT CARBON DIOXIDE SODIUM

CHLORIDE SULPHURIC ACID SODIUM SULPHUR SILICON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE LEAD HYDROGEN

ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS

BLACKBOARD NOTEBOOK COURSEBOOK ARMCHAIR BOOKCASE BACKBONE BLACKBIRD SWEATSHIRT KEYBOARD

CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

6

4 Chemicals

a) Complete the description with the correct word from the box.

a) Lead is a soft, very dense*, poisonous ____________________.

b) CO2 is a gas that we __________________ and plants use.

c) Al2 O3 is taken from bauxite ore*to make___________________.

d) N2O which we sometimes call "laughing ________________" is used as an

anaesthetic.

e) H2O2 is a watery liquid used for cleaning injuries and bleaching* _____________.

f) CaCO3 is in __________________, limestone* or shells.

g) A __________________ is the smallest structured particle of a substance, with no

electric charge*.

*dense - hustý, ore - ruda, bleaching - bělení, limestone - vápenec, charge - náboj b) Which chemicals are mentioned in the exercise? Are they elements or compounds?

______________________________________________________________

5 Crossword: Chemistry

chemikálie

hydroxid

prvek

molekula

železo

síra

voda

dýchat

vodík

tekutina

stříbro

plyn peroxid ruda

bezpečný

kov

METAL CHALK BREATHE OUT GAS HAIR MOLECULE ALUMINIUM

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6 Metals

LISTENING COMPREHENSION BEFORE YOU LISTEN 1 Can you name any metals in English? __________________________________________________________________________ 2 Look around. What is made of metal? Give at least 3 examples in sentences. ex.: My earrings are made of silver. ___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

3 Match the word on the left with its explanation on the right.

metal a particular quality of substance, property alloy to allow heat or electricity to pass along or through it trait be able to do something well efficient a type of solid mineral substance that is usually hard and shiny conduct a metal that is formed by mixing two types of metal together, or by mixing metal with another substance

WHILE YOU LISTEN

4 How many metals are mentioned in the text? Which ones?

______ ___________________________________________________________________ 5 There are four properties that can show you if the element is a metal or not. Listen carefully and complete these four properties. Metals are good at conducting _______________________.

Metals are very ____________________.

Metals usually make positive ions when the compounds are dissolved in _______________.

Metals are easily _______________.

6 Answer following questions. Then listen and check your answers. How many percents of elements are metals? ___________

How many traits tell you whether an element is a metal? ________________

What two elements are used in electronics? _____________ _____________

What two elements are the most reactive? _______________ ____________

Can you give two examples of alloys? _____________ ________________

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7 Photosynthesis Label the scheme of photosynthesis using these words: leaves stem roots CO2

O2

8 Crossword: Plants

planý fotosyntéza

listy strom pampeliška

jehličnatý lilie

mech houby

řasy kořeny

výtrusy zalévat

borovice slunečnice

tulipán pšenice list

zahrada kopretina

kapradina narcis

semena rostlina

?

PLANTS

9

9 Deserts

Complete the text using the right words from the box.

animals small night cactus tail travel biggest

Deserts cover about 30% of the land on Earth. The (1) ________________ desert is

the Sahara desert in North Africa. Many deserts are very hot during day and very cold during

the _________________. Deserts get very little rain, but some species of plants survive

in the desert. The most famous plant is the (3) ___________________. There are also

animals in the desert. Most desert animals are (4) ___________________. There are spiders

and scorpions. Scorpions use their sharp, venomous (5) _________________to kill their

prey. There are also lizards and snakes. One of the most dangerous snakes is the

rattlesnake. There are also some big (6) __________________ like the camel. Camels are

very important in the desert because people use them to (7) ____________________. Some

desert animals do not drink water, they get water from their food.

10 Rainforests Order the words and write the sentences. 1 live / Native Amazonians / in the Amazon rainforest

__________________________________________________________________________

2 in houses / They live / made of wood and plants

__________________________________________________________________________

3 is the biggest rainforest / The Amazon rainforest / in the world

__________________________________________________________________________

4 of birds / 20% of the world´s species / live in the Amazon rainforest

__________________________________________________________________________

5 a lot of insects, plants / and mammals / There are also

__________________________________________________________________________

6 big areas of the rainforest / every year / People destroy

__________________________________________________________________________

7 produces / about 20% of the Earth´s oxygen / The Amazon rainforest

__________________________________________________________________________

HABITATS

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8 longest / in the world / The Amazon river / is the second

__________________________________________________________________________

9 the Amazon rainforest / is a road that crosses / The Trans-Amazonian Highway

__________________________________________________________________________

10 4,800 km / It is / long

__________________________________________________________________________

11 The Amazon rainforest Use the information and write your own text about the given topic. _____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

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THIRD YEAR

1

2 Sentence transformation In Chemistry laboratory classes you lots of chemical experiments and analyses. We can do something like this also with English. Let´s have a look: What do you use to measure temperature? = What do you use for measuring temperature? The sentences have the same meaning. Can you do the same with the questions below? What do you use to heat any solution? = _________________________________________ What do you use to weigh materials? = __________________________________________ What do you use to study samples? = ___________________________________________ What do you use to prepare solutions? = _________________________________________ What do you use to boil solutions? = ____________________________________________ What do you use to do chemical reactions? = _____________________________________ What do you use to measure water? = ___________________________________________

3 PH Scale Label the scheme with: MILK, DRAIN CLEANER, WATER, SOAP, BANANA, BLOOD, MOST BASIC, MOST ACIDIC, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, AMMONIA, TOMATO, VINIGAR, LEMON, APPLE, BAKING SODA

držet kádinka

hořák obsah Petriho miska

měřit zkumavka roztok titrace

studovat

CHEMICAL EQUIPMENT

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4 Invertebrates Which invertebrates are these? These anagrams may help you: morw genpos senict

5 Wordsearch: Insects a) How many insects can you find in the wordsearch? The pictures below may help you? b) Label the pictures of insects. The wordsearch may help you.

ANIMALS

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6 Vertebrates a) How many animals can you find in the wordsearch? The pictures below may help

you? b) Label the pictures of insects. The wordsearch may help you.

7 Some others There are lots of other vertebrates, right? How many others do you know in English? Can you complete the table? Do not use these you can see in the pictures above!

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8 Unusual facts about snakes and sharks

LISTENING COMPREHENSION BEFORE YOU LISTEN 1 Complete the definitions. Shark - a large sea fish with very sharp .............. and a pointed ........... on its back. There are several types of shark, some of which can ................ people when swimming. Snake - a reptile with a very long thin body and no ................... . There are many types of snakes, some of which are ........................ . 2 Comparing Do these animals have anything in common? Try to find as many similarities and differences between them. WHILE YOU LISTEN 2 Listen and try to catch the number you will hear. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 Use the numbers to answer the questions about them. How many different kinds of snakes do we know? _____________ How many kinds are poisonous? _____________ How is the smallest snake long? ___________________ How is the biggest snake long? ______________________ How much does it weigh? _______________________ How long does an average shark live? __________________ How old could the oldest shark be? _____________________ How many teeth could a very large shark have? ________________ How long have sharks been here on the planet? ________________ 4 Listen and complete the information. Some snakes are poisonous, but .................... are harmless. Snakes can .............................. for months without eating. Sharks are unusual in that they have no ........................ in their bodies. They are very dangerous when they .................. . Sharks are the top predators of the ocean´s natural food ......................... . AFTER YOU LISTEN SPEAKING ACTIVITIES Answer the questions of exercise 2 using whole sentences. Speak about snakes and sharks on your own. Try to give as many facts as possible.

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9 Fauna and flora quiz Write just in one word what is written in the hint in a few words.

� First, try to do it on your own. � If you do not know, search for the help on the right.

a) tree without stem b) rose, tulip, daisy c) whale, monkey, duck d) snake, lizard, alligator e) bee, wasp, tick f) trout, carp, salmon g) mammal, bird, reptile h) frog, toad, dinosaur i) eagle, sparrow, goose j) spruce, pine, birch k) algae, moss, conifer l) hamster, cat, budgie m) eat other animals n) eat only plants o) eat plants and animals p) mammals and birds q) invertebrates, fish, amphibians and reptiles

� Speaking activity

Pair work: Loo at the expressions on the right. Choose one of them and give your own explanation to your partner. Let him guess. How many terms can he guess in a two-minute time?

10 Food chain

a) Label the food chain using these words:

grasses hawk owl frog insects

b) Try to explain the food chain in a few sentences.

Grass is eaten by............................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................

OM

NIV

OR

ES

FLO

WE

R

WA

RM

-BLO

OD

ED

MA

MM

AL

PLA

NT

RE

PT

ILE IN

SE

CT

FIS

H

AN

IMA

L AM

PH

IBIA

N B

IRD

T

RE

E P

ET

BU

SH

C

AR

NIV

OR

ES

HE

RB

IVO

RE

S

CO

LD-B

LOO

DE

D

FAUNA AND FLORA

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11 Biology terms Match these words to their definitions. 1 biosphere a a vertebrate animal that is born from its mother´s body and drinks its mother´s milk 2 ecosystem b the process where green plants use the energy from light to produce their food 3 food chain c the parts of the Earth´s surface and atmosphere where plant and animal life can exist 4 mammal d all the plants and animals in a particular area considered as a system that depend on one another 5 muscle e a group of living things that are all connected because each one is eaten by the next in the series 6 photosynthesis f flesh that connects one bone to another and moves body parts 12 Biology exercise Complete the sentences with the correct words from the box.

insects bacteria species reptiles omnivore mammals fish herbivore

1 Humans, deer and horses are all ............................................. 2 Bees and ants are ........................... . 3 Crocodiles are ...................................... They lay eggs and their skin is covered with scales. 4 An animal that eats both plants and animals is called an .................................. . 5 With about 925,000 different ............................., insects are the most numerous and widespread type of living thing. 6 ...................................... are microscopic unicellular organisms that exist everywhere in the environment. 7 Carps, spikes, salmons and cods are all .......................... but not all live in the Czech Republic. 8 An animal that eats only plants is called a ................................. .

1 2 3 4 5 6

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13 Environment expressions Match a word in A with a word in B. A B 1 global a rain 2 greenhouse b layer 3 ozone c warming 4 acid d pollution 5 endangered e effect 6 air f species 14 Environment in verbs, nouns and adjectives Complete the table with the correct form of the word.

VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE

XXX environment environmental

pollution polluting

recycling

XXX endangered

destructive

hunt

15 Environmental problems Choose the correct option to complete the sentences. Cars are responsible (1) ............. air pollution. They produce chemicals that cause (2) ............................. problems. Air pollution causes acid rain, too, which kills trees and plants. If people (3) ....................... public transport rather than cars, the quality of our life would improve. Another enemy of our environment are companies, who chop (4) ............................ trees and destroy rainforests. This is very dangerous because trees (5) .......................... oxygen which is vital to us. If governments stopped these companies, rainforests (6) ................................ safe and we could all breathe (7) ....................air. 1 a of b on c for d about 2 a breath b breathing c breathe d breathed 3 a use b used c would use d could use 4 a down b off c up d on 5 a make b give c take d produce 6 a were b would be c would d was 7 a more clean b most clean c cleanest d cleaner

ENVIRONMENT

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FOURTH YEAR 1 The human body in pictures Label the picture.

2 The human body basic Write just in one word what is written in the hint in a few words.

� First, try to do it on your own. � If you do not know, search for the help on the right.

a) on the top of your body b) at the bottom of your body c) the longer limb d) the shorter limb e) between your trunk and arm f) between your arm and hand g) between your leg and foot h) in the middle of your leg i) one foot, two ... j) one tooth, two ... k) on each hand you have five ... l) on each foot you have five ... m) in the middle of your face n) below your mouth o) above your eyes p) on both sides of your head q) on the top of your head

EA

RS

HE

AD

FE

ET

F

OR

EH

EA

D T

OE

S C

HIN

F

OO

T A

RM

WR

IST

AN

KLE

K

NE

E S

HO

ULD

ER

TE

ET

H

FIN

GE

RS

TO

ES

NO

SE

HA

IR

HUMAN BODY

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3 Bones and muscles

4 Bones or muscles? Complete the sentences using the right words.

a) We have got about 200 ____________________. b) We also have got about 600 ___________________. c) ___________________ move the body. d) __________________ have got calcium. e) The femur is a long _________________.

5 Crossword: Bones or muscles

žebro biceps

páteř lebka vápník

posilovna, tělocvična stehenní kost

MUSCLES BONES

triceps biceps femur ribs skull backbone

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6 Bones, muscles and joints a) Complete the sentences using the words from the box.

muscles legs 200 body triceps 650 jumping ankle

There are more than (1) _____________ bones in the human body. The bones form

the skeleton which supports the body. We have got bones in our head, trunk and limbs. Our

arms and legs are limbs. The bone in the head is the skull. The bones in the trunk are

the backbone and the ribs. The humerus is a bone in the arms. The bones in the

(2) ______________ are the femur, the tibia and the fibula.

There are about (3) _________________ muscles in the human (4) _______________.

Muscles are for walking, running and (5) ____________________. Some important muscles

are the biceps, the (6) _________________, the pectorals, and the quadriceps. Muscles can

be voluntary or involuntary.

Voluntary muscles are muscles that we can move when we want, for example, arm and leg

muscles.

Involuntary (7) _______________ are muscles that we can´t control. The heart is

an involuntary muscle.

A joint is where two bones connect. Joints make the skeleton flexible. Some important joints

are the elbow, the knee, the (8) ____________, the shoulder, the hip and the wrist.

b) Give a few examples of the following term. The texts above may help you.

BONES

MUSCLES

JOINTS

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7 The digestive system a) Label the scheme with the correct words from the box.

oesophagus stomach small intestine large intestine mouth

b) Write and number. Thefoodisinthestomach. _______________________________________________ _3_

Thefoodisinthelargeintestine. ___________________________________________ ___

Thefoodisintheoesophogus._____________________________________________ ___

Thefoodisinthemouth. _________________________________________________ ___

Thefoodisinthesmallintestine. ___________________________________________ ___

c) Match the term on the left to the right explanation on the right.

stomach the opening in the face used for speaking, eating, etc.

saliva the organ in your body where food goes when you swallow it

oesophagus the tube through which the food passes from the mouth to the stomach

small intestine the organ attached to the liver

gall bladder the liquid that is produced in your mouth

mouth food passes from the stomach to this tube, then to the large intestine

large intestine food passes from the small intestine to this tube, then to the anus

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8 Internal organs a) What internal organs can you see

in the scheme on the right?

b) The internal organs are parts of the human body systems. Which ones? example: The heart is a part of the circulatory system. Write down similar sentences about the other organs you can see in the scheme. ____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

9 Senses Underline the terms for the five senses. People have 5 senses. We can hear. We can see. We can smell things. We can taste things. We can feel things that we touch. We hear with our ears. This sense is called hearing. The eyes work like a camera. We speak about sight. They take light from the thing we are looking at and make a tiny picture of it on the back of the eyeball. Nerves inside the eyes take a message to the brain about the picture. The brain tells us what it is. We smell with our nose. When we breathe, air goes into our nose. We taste with out tongue. We taste different things: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. We touch and feel with our skin. Nerve endings in the skin send messages to the brain that tell us about what we are touching, such as whether it is warm, hot, cold, painful, soft, etc.

a

b

c

d

e

f

g

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10 Human body a) Complete the text with the correct biology terms.

Our body consists of many parts. We have a head, four limbs – two arms and two a)________, and a trunk.

Speaking about the head parts in detail we can mention a face, a forehead, cheeks, a chin, a mouth with two b)______ and teeth and a tongue, eyes with eyelids and eyelashes and eyebrows, ears, hair, etc.

Our arm consists of a shoulder, an upper arm, an elbow, a forearm, a wrist and a hand with four fingers and a c)__________. Our leg consists of a thigh, a knee, a calf and a foot with a heel and five d)________.

Our body is like a very complicate machine. In fact, it is a group of organs that work together. The smallest units are e)_________ which make tissues and organs which are organized into systems. In biology we studied about the nervous, skeleton, muscular, circulatory, respiratory and f)______________ systems.

Our nervous system is divided into two parts – our g)________ and spinal cord. In the brain there are also special centres for the senses such as sight, hearing, smell, h)_________ and taste. The i)____________ works closely with the muscular system. It also protects the most important organs. The j)________ protects the brain. The k)__________ protects the spinal cord. The l)__________ protects the heart and the lungs. We have about 260 bones.

There are about 620 muscles in our body. Muscles are connected to the bones by m)__________. When you want to move, your brain sends a message to the muscles.

Blood and heart make up the circulatory system. Blood moves oxygen around the body. n)__________ take the blood ways from the heart to the body. The blood is full of oxygen. o)_________ take blood back to the heart. This blood is darker and there is no oxygen in it.

Our respiratory system is about exchanging gases with the environment. Lungs take the oxygen from the air and we breathe out carbon p)__________.

The digestion starts in our mouth where are our teeth which cut the food into small pieces that are mixed with q)___________ and the food goes to the r)____________ and intestines. Nutrients in the food pass into the blood and the rest goes out of the body.

b) Complete the mind map. Compare. HEAD LUNGS

BODY RESPIRATORY

PARTS

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11 Human heart

LISTENING COMPREHENSION BEFORE YOU LISTEN 1 Vocabulary What words do you expect to hear in the text about the human heart? __________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

2 Match the opposites. right out fill night day contract in left expand squeeze 3 Definitions Here are a few definitions. Which words from the exercise 2 do they explain? to press something firmly - ____________________ to become greater in size, number or importance - ___________________ to block a hole with a substance - ____________________ WHILE YOU LISTEN 4 Tick the words if you can hear them in the text. muscle artery vein nutrients vitamins beat recycled waste receive Do you understand the words? 5 Listen and complete the sentences. Your heart is located on the left side of your ………………………… . It sends ………………….. around your body. This way the heart provides your body with oxygen and …………………… which it needs. It also can get rid of ……………….. . The right side …………………….. blood from the body. The left side …………………. it into the body. The adult heart beats …………… times a minute. Every day it recycles …………….. litres of blood filling and contracting. AFTER YOU LISTEN SPEAKING Try to explain each other how your heat works.

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12 Health care

LISTENING COMPREHENSION BEFORE YOU LISTEN SPEAKING 1 Answer the questions. How often do you go to the doctor? When did you go there last? Why? What do the doctors usually do? Have you ever cured yourself? What did you do? What should we do to live a healthy way of life? What shouldn´t we do to be healthy? 2 Vocabulary Match the expressions to their explanations. 1 treatment a) a substance, for example penicillin, that can cure infections 2 blood pressure b) close and friendly relationship 3 pulse c) something that is done to cure and illness or injury 4 ointment d) a smooth substance that you apply on your skin to cure it 5 antibiotics e) a person who is not able to stop taking dangerous drugs 6 drug addict f) the pressure of blood as it travels around the body 7 intimate g) the number of times the blood beats in a minute WHILE YOU LISTEN 3 Put the expressions in the correct order in which you will hear them. become drug addicts healthy way of life go for walks X-ray our lungs or bones check our blood pressure many types of vaccination 4 True or false Listen carefully and decide if the statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false.

a) The nurses check out blood pressure. b) We have to go through many types of vaccination during our lives. c) Doctors sometimes write some recipes to us. d) We should have a balance between work and leisure time. e) It is recommended to change close friends often.

AFTER YOU LISTEN Complete the text using the right expressions. There are various types of medical …………….. for our different types of troubles. Doctors usually prescribe some medicines to us - pills,……………, eye-wash, sleeping pills, or they tell us to go on a diet. It is true that prevention is better than a cure. We should try to live a …………… way of life. We should practise sports, at least swim or go for walks. We should eat healthy food, we should not smoke, drink too much alcohol, become drug …………. .

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13 A short history of Chemistry

a)Complete the text using the correct alternative.

Chemistry is often said to be the central science, as it ___(1) all other sciences. While mathematicians calculate the world, physicists explain it and biologists say what lives in it, chemistry looks at ___(2) in the world and explains how it is made and what it can do.

Chemistry began with fire. Burning changes things and ancient man ___(3) what happened to the wood he burnt. It was by burning things that ancient man discovered iron and glass, combining different substances in the fire and seeing how they combined.

Once gold was ___(4), the false science of alchemy was born. People believed they could change ordinary metals like iron into gold. The idea was wrong but the alchemists discovered many chemical processes that are in use today.

The origin of modern chemistry comes from the work of Antoine Lavoisier, ___(5) 18th century Frenchman who was executed during the French Revolution. Around the same time, Michail Vasiyevich Lomonosov reached the same conclusions. Both men were interested ___(6) what happens when things burn.

The second great development in chemistry came later ___(7) concentrated in the matter - how it was made up and what its parts were. In the beginning of the 19th century British scientist, John Dalton, stated that ___(8) matter was made up of atoms of different elements and that these could not be broken down into smaller parts.

Dmitri Mendeleev took Dalton´s theory and arranged the elements by they atomic weight and by ___(9) chemical properties. Mendeleev´s table is one of the ___(10) useful and important generalizations of chemistry and of all science.

1 a) connect b) connects c) is connected 2 a) something b) anything c) everything 3 a) wonder b) wonders c) wondered 4 a) find b) found c) founded 5 a) a b) an c) the 6 a) in b) on c) at 7 a) and b) but c) because 8 a) every b) each c) all 9 a) the b) their c) they 10 a) best b) most c) much

b)Read it once again and try to remember it as much as possible. Cover the text above and try to finish the sentences on your own. Then find the sentences in the text and check.

� Mathematicians calculate _____ ___________.

� Chemistry explains how the world is made and what ____ _____ ______.

� Chemistry began with ___________.

� It was by burning things that ancient man discovered _______ _____ ________.

� People believed they could change ordinary metals like ________ _____ _________.

� Antoine Lavoisier was executed during the __________ ___________.

� Dmitri Mendeleev took Dalton´s theory and arranged the _____________ into a table.

SCIENCE

27

14 My study branch READING COMPREHENSION A My study branch is called Natural Science Lyceum. It is a 4-year educational programme studied in my school called the Secondary School of Business and Services in Jihlava. The school is quite large and it is located in a few buildings. We go to two of these buildings – to the main school building which is in Karolíny Světlé Street and to another school building which is in Telečská Street. We have theoretical and practical classes.

B The most theoretical classes are taught in the main school building while practical and vocational classes are taught in Telečská School. So we spend a few days a week in one building and the other days in the other building. Or we can say that one day we go to Karolíny Světlé School and the next day we go to Telečská.

C In the main school building we study general subjects such as Czech, two foreign languages – English and either German or Russian, Maths, ICT, and Civics, for example. In English we study also vocational English, so we should know some basic terminology of our study branch.

D Our school is vocational, so it helps us to get ready for our future career. We will be prepared to work in a chemistry or biological laboratory or to study Chemistry or Biology at university. Natural Science lyceum is an exciting study branch, because we have lots of Chemistry and Biology lessons taught by specialized teachers. We get ready for Maturita with them. The other important vocational subjects are Ecology and Technology.

E I like this study branch because we very often go into labs and we do analytical exercises, which is a really interesting work. Our laboratories are in Telečská school building. There are in fact 3 laboratories – Chemistry, Biology and Physical and Analytical Chemistry. There’s also a special weighing room with analytical weights where we weigh chemicals and samples.

F There are desks with some chemical equipment, such as burners, tubes, weighing boats, camp holders, beakers, pipettes, burettes and other laboratory glassware. In our laboratories we do different chemical experiments and analyses which is exciting and sometimes even amazing.

a) In which paragraph can you find information about � school facilities specialized mainly for your study branch � basic characteristics of your study branch � subjects which are common for all students � organization of your school life � your vocational subjects � laboratory equipment

b) Read the text and either highlight

or underline: � the name of your study branch � the name of your school � two types of classes that you have � your general subjects � your vocational subjects � laboratory equipment

c) Answer in detail: � Where do you study? � What subjects do you study? � Why do students choose this study

branch? � How do your laboratories look like? � What do you like about your

branch?

28

15 Future career / READING COMPREHENSION

After we graduate from this school we have two options. Either we will get a job or we will study. My study branch mainly prepares students for their future study. Most graduates will go to universities or colleges . If we want to study at university or college we have to sit entrance examinations. It is also true for the College of Polytechnics which is here in Jihlava. Some of my schoolmates may go to study here. There are also some other universities and colleges where we can study our study branch, for example in Prague, Brno, etc. There are quite a lot of opportunities. Some students prefer Biology, others Chemistry or Ecology.

It is also good to think about what to do after we graduate from university. If we apply for a job we have to write a CV which means Curriculum Vitae . This expression is from Latin and means something like a course of your life so it is a report about your professional life since your birth up to now.

A good CV should be clear, well-organized, easy to read and not too lon g. It consists of personal details, your professional experience, edu cation and courses, skills and references.

First we give details about us. Personal details mean that I will write my name, gender, address, age or date of birth, nationality, marital status, mail address, phone number and that´s all. Writing about professional experience we have to write about all job positions we have ever had in chronological order but we start with present or last job and go back to history. Then we write about education . We also write about relevant courses , for example cosmeticians have certificates for massage courses, gel nails, nail designer courses, etc. In the next part we will write about our skills – personal skills, computer skills, language and it is good to mention that I have a driving licence.

When I get ready for a job interview I will get dressed smart (elegant) clothes and I will be there on time . I will try to answer all questions and ask about everything I am interested in – place, working hours, salary, etc. a) True or false

Decide if the statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false statements. 1) Some of my classmates continue in the study in another study branch in this school. 2) All students of my study branch have to study at university or college. 3) Some graduates will start earning money. 4) If you want to get a job you should write a CV where you describe details of your life. 5) Your CV must be written in English. 6) It is good to write your CV by hand. 7) First you mention your first job position. 8) It is necessary to mention all courses you have attended.

b) Answer the questions about your future career. The text will help you. � Do you have to immediately get a job after you graduate? � What job positions can you get? � What are you going to do after you finish school? � What does “CV” mean? � What information do you include into your CV? � How will you get ready for a job interview?

FUTURE CAREER

29

c) CV Personal details Give your personal details. Answer using a whole sentence like in a job interview.

Name: ____________________________________________________________________

Gender: ___________________________________________________________________

Date of birth: _______________________________________________________________

Age: _____________________________________________________________________

Marital status: ______________________________________________________________

Nationality: ________________________________________________________________

Address: __________________________________________________________________

Email address: _____________________________________________________________

Telephone number: __________________________________________________________

d) Other CV information

Match.

Personal skills decisive, loyal, hardworking, patient, sociable, willing to learn

Computer skills English – intermediate (B1), German – pre-intermediate (A2)

Language skills Microsoft applications such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint

e) Your other CV information.

Give your personal details. Answer using a whole sentence like in a job interview.

Professional experience: _____________________________________________________

Education: ________________________________________________________________

Personal skills: _____________________________________________________________

Computer skills: ____________________________________________________________

Language skills: ____________________________________________________________

16 Crossword

absolvovat

vysoká škola udělující bakalářskou hodnost

povolání

údaje plat

univerzita

kariera

dovednosti

30

My study branch is called NSL. Můj studijní obor se jmenuje PL. In laboratories we do experiments. V laboratořích děláme pokusy. What´s the symbol of Calcium? Jaká je značka vápníku? The brain tells us what it is. Mozek nám řekne, co to je. After we graduate from this school Po té, co absolvujeme tuto školu ... Our body consists of many parts. Naše tělo se skládá z mnoha částí. Theoretical classes are taught ... Teoretické předměty jsou vyučovány ... I am interested mainly in Biology. Zajímám se zejména o biologii. If I apply for a job… Když budu žádat o zaměstnání ... There are lots of other vertebrates. Existuje spousta dalších obratlovců. What do you use to prepare solutions? Co používáš při přípravě roztoků? What two elements are used in electronics? Které dva prvky se používají v elektronice? Can you give two examples of alloys? Můžeš uvést dva příklady slitin? A biologist is a person who studies B… Biolog je člověk, který studuje biologii. Our body is like a very complicate machine. Naše tělo je jako velmi složitý stroj. It is a group of organs that work together. Je to skupina orgánů, které spolu fungují. Our nervous system is divided into two parts. Nervový systém je rozdělen do 2 částí. The skull protects the brain. Lebka chrání mozek. There are desks with burners and other … Jsou tam stoly s kahany a jinými … I may become a scientist. Možná se stanu vědcem. Fish need water to survive. Aby ryby přežily, potřebují vodu. Plants need sunlight. Rostliny potřebují sluneční svit. What´s the weather like there? Jaké je tam počasí? What´s the nature like there? Jaká je tam příroda. I like walking in the countryside. Rád chodím do přírody. Are they elements or compounds? Jsou to prvky nebo sloučeniny? Alloy is formed by mixing two metals. Slitina vzniká smícháním dvou kovů. Metals are good at conducting electricity. Kovy jsou dobrými vodiči elektřiny. Deserts cover about 30% of the land. Poště pokrývají asi 30% pevniny. Some species survive in the desert. Některé druhy na poušti přežijí. People use camels to travel. Lidé používají velbloudy k přepravě. Some desert animals don´t drink water. Někteří pouštní živočichové vodu nepijí. They get water from their food. Získávají vodu z potravy. Vinegar is acidic. Ocet je kyselý. Baking soda is very basic. Jedlá soda je velmi zásaditá. Is soap acidic or basic. Je mýdlo kyselé nebo zásadité? There are many types of snakes. Existuje mnoho druhů hadů. Some types of snakes are poisonous. Některé druhy hadů jsou jedovaté. Not all snakes are dangerous. Všichni hadi nejsou nebezpeční. Snakes survive for months without eating. Hadi přežijí měsíce bez toho, aby jedli. How much does it weigh? Kolik váží? (it) How old could the oldest shark be? Kolik může být nejstaršímu žraloku? How long have sharks been here on the planet? Jak dlouho jsou žraloci na této planet? Herbivores eat just plants. Býložravci se živí jen rostlinami. Mammals drink mother´s milk. Savci pijí mateřské mléko. Not all live in the Czech Republic. Ne všichni žijí v České republice. Cars are responsible for are pollution. Auta mohou za znečištění ovzduší.

GRAMMAR TRAINING

31

KEY FIRST YEAR

1 a)

Present Simple Last year I went to primary school. Present Continuous I am a secondary school student. Past Simple I am going to study at university. Future - intention I will study hard. Future - fact Now, I am learning English. b) he/she went...is ...is going to study ... will study ..... is studying c) I learn mainly ....I am studying ... I studied .... I am going to study .... I will study 3 solid, liquid, gas 4 a) H, He, Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne, So, Mg, Al, Si, Ph, S, Cl, Ar, K, Ca b) Fe, Cu, Ag, Au, Pb 5 animal cell / plant cell 6 correct: families, watch, the, many, studies, sunlight, their 7 LISTENING COMPREHENSION 1 in the UK (England, Great Britain) / northwest of the UK 2 sheep, fish, squirrel, eagle 3 mountainous region, variety of wildlife, red squirrel, sheep faming, important industry 5 a) mountainous region, beautiful mountains and lakes, very damp b) 19th century poet c) often rainy and windy d) copper, lead e) 12 million people

SECOND YEAR 2 ... two or more elements. 3 4 a)metal b)breathe out c)aluminium d)gas e)hair f)chalk g)molecule 5

OXYGEN WATER

GOLD SALT

SODIUM CARBON DIOXIDE

SULPHUR SODIUM CHLORIDE

SILICON SULPHURIC ACID

HYDROGEN HYDROGEN PEROXIDE LEAD CARBON MONOXIDE

32

6 LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3 metal - a type of solid mineral substance that is usually hard and shiny, alloy - a metal that is formed by mixing two types of metal together, or by mixing metal with another substance, trait - a particular quality of substance, property, efficient - be able to do something well, conduct - to allow heat or electricity to pass along or through it 4 7: silver, gold, platinum, potassium, iridium, copper, sodium 5 ... electricity, ... reactive, ... solutions, .... combined 6 75%, 4, silver and copper, sodium and potassium , steel and bronze 7 8 9 (1)biggest, (2)night, (3)cactus, (4)small, (5)tail, (6)animals, (7)travel 10 1 Native Amazonians live in the Amazon rainforest. 2 They live in hoses made of wood and plants. 3 The Amazon rainforest is the biggest rainforest in the world. 4 20% of the world´s species of birds live in the Amazon rainforest. 5 There are also a lot of insects, plants and mammals. 6 people destroy big areas of the rainforest every year. 7 The Amazon rainforest produces about 20% of the Earth´s oxygen. 8 The Amazon river is the second longest in the world. 9 The Trans-Amazonian Highway is a road that crosses the Amazon rainforest. 10 It is 4,800 km long.

THIRD YEAR 1

33

2 What do you use for heating ... weighing ... studying ... preparing ... boiling ... doing ... measuring... 3 HYDROCHLORIC ACID, LEMON, APPLE, BANANA, WATER, BAKING SODA, AMMONIA, DRAIN CLEANER MOST ACIDIC VINEGAR, TOMATO, MILK, BLOOD, SOAP MOST BASIC 4 sponge, worm, insect 5 ANT - BEE - BUTTERFLY - CENTIPEDE CATERPILLAR - FLEA - GRASSHOPPER - MOSQUITO FIREFLY - FLY - LADYBIRD - CRICKET SPIDER - SNAIL - WASP - WORM 6 BEAR - CAMEL - FOX - GOOSE HORSE - JELLYFISH - WOLF - SHARK WHALE - FROG - SHEEP - SQUIRREL PEACOCK - PENGUIN - OCTOPUS - DONKEY 8 LISTENING COMPREHENSION 1 teeth ... fin ... kill legs .... dangerous (poisonous, harmful x harmless) 2 2,600 - 400 - 12 - 10 - 250 - 25 - 100 - 400 million - 1500 million 3 2,600 kinds, 400 poisonous, 12 cm, 10 m, 250 kg, 25 years, 100 years, 4,000 teeth, 400 million years 4 more, survive, bones, hunt, chain 9 a)bush, b)flower, c)mammal, d)reptile, e)insect, f)fish, g) animal, h)amphibian, i)bird, j)tree, k)plant, l)pet, m)carnivores, n)herbivores, o)omnivores, p)warm-blooded, q) cold-blooded 10 b) Grass is eaten by insects. Insects are eaten by frogs. Frogs are eaten by owls. Owls are eaten by hawks. 11 1c / 2d / 3e / 4a / 5f / 6b 12 1 mammals, 2 insects, 3 reptiles, 4 omnivore, 5 species, 6 bacteria, 7 fish, 8 herbivore 13 1c / 2e / 3b / 4a / 5f / 6d 14

15 1c / 2c / 3b / 4a / 5d / 6b / 7d

FOURTH YEAR 1 2 knee / 3 elbow / 4 shoulder / 5 ankle / 6 hip 2 a)head, b)toes, c)leg, d)arm, e)shoulder, f)wrist, g)ankle, h)knee, i)feet, j)teeth, k)fingers,

VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE

XXX environment environmental

pollute pollution polluting

recycle recycling recycled

endanger XXX endangered

destruct destruction destructive

hunt hunter hunted

34

l)toes, m)nose, n)chin, o)forehead, p)ears, q)hair 3 a-skull, b-ribs, c-backbone, d-femur, e-biceps, f-triceps 4 a)bones, b)muscles, c)muscles, d)bones, e)bone 5

6 1-200, 2-legs, 3-650, 4-body, 5-jumping, 6-triceps, 7-muscles, 8-ankle 7 a) mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine b) The food is in the stomach -3. The food is in the large intestine -5. The food is in the oesophagus -2. The food is in the mouth -1. The food is in the small intestine. -4. c) stomach the opening in the face used for speaking, eating, etc. saliva the organ in your body where food goes when you swallow it oesophagus the tube through which the food passes from the mouth to the stomach small intestine the organ attached to the liver gall bladder the liquid that is produced in your mouth mouth food passes from the stomach to this tube, then to the large intestine large intestine food passes from the small intestine to this tube, then to the anus 8 a-brain, b-lungs, c-heart, d-liver, e-kidneys, f-stomach, g-large intestine b) The brain is a part of the nervous system. The lungs are parts of the respiratory system. The liver is a part of the digestive system. ... 9 hearing / sight / taste / smell / touch 10 a)legs, b)lips, c)thumb, d)toes, e)cells, f)digestive, g)brain, h)touch, i)skeleton, j)skull, k)backbone, l)ribcage, m)joints, n)Arteries, o)Veins, p)dioxide, q)saliva, r)stomach 11 LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2 right x left, fill x squeeze, day x night, in x out, expand x contract 3 squeeze, expand, fill 4 muscle, nutrients, waste, beat, recycled 5 chest, blood, nutrients, waste, receives, pumps, 70, 7,500 12 LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2 1c / 2f / 3g / 4d / 5a / 6e / 7b 3 check our blood pressure ... X-ray our lungs or bones ... many types of vaccination ... ... healthy way of life ... go for walks ... become drug addicts 4 F, T, F, T, F 5 treatment ...antibiotics .... healthy .... addicts 13 a) 1b 2c 3c 4c 5b 6a 7a 8c 9b 10b 14 E A C B D F 15 1F, 2F, 3T, 4F, 5F, 6F, 7F, 8F 16