i

[^^i.-^

PROMPTOEIUM PARVULORUMSIVE CLERICORUM,DICTIONAUIUS ANGLO-LATINUS PRINCEPS,AUCTORE

FRATEE GALFRIDO GRAMMATICO DICTO,EX ORDINE FKATRUM PREDICATOIIIJM, NORTHFOLCIENSI,CIRCAA.D. M.CCCC.XL.

OLIM EX OFFICINA PYNSONIANA EDITUM, NUNC AB INTEGRO, COMMENTARIOLIS SUBJECTIS, AD FIDEM CODICUM RECENSUIT

ALBEETUS WAY,

A.M.

LONDINI: SUMPTIBUS SOCIETATIS CAMDENENSIS.M.DCCC.LXV.

WEaTMINSTER

:

PRIMED BY JOUN BOWTER NICHOLSt/

A.ND SONS,

P

25,

PARLIAMENT STREET.

Y^

V

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I

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[no. lxxxix.]

COUNCIL OFP^OR

TIIE

CAMDEN SOCIETY1864-65.

THE YEAR

President,

THE MOST HON. THE MARQUESS CAMDEN, K.G. ARTHUR ASHPITEL, ESQ. F.S.A. WILLIAM HENRY BLAAUW, ESQ. M.A., F.S.A. Trea.virer. JOHN BRUCE, ESQ. F.S.A. Director.WILLIAM CHAPPELL, ESQ. F.S.A. WILLIAM DURRANT COOPER, ESQ. F.S.A. JAMES CROSBY, ESQ. F.S.A. THE RIGHT HON. T. H. S. SOTHERON ESTCOURT, M.P.,F.S.A. JOHN FORSTER, ESQ. LL.D. THE REV. LAMBERT B. LARKING, M.A. JOHN MACLEAN, ESQ. F.S.A. FREDERIC OUVRY, ESQ. Treas.S.A. EVELYN PHILIP SHIRLEY, ESQ. M.P., M.A., F.S.A. WILLIAM JOHN THOMS, ESQ. F.S.A. Secretary. WILLIAM TITE, ESQ. M.P. F.R.S., V.P.S.A. HIS EXCELLENCY M. VAN DE WEYER,D.C.L., Hon. F.S.A.

f he CouNCiL of the

Camden Society

desire

it

to be under-

stood that they are not answerable for any opinions or observatlons that

may appear

in the- Society's publications; the Editors

of the severnl

Works being

alone responsilile for the Rame.

ADVEETISEMENT.

In producing

tliis first

portion of the Promptorium,

tlie

Editor, having Ibr various reasons been induced. to with-

hold for the present his more detailed Preface, feelsrequisite to offer a few preliminary observations.

it

The

present edition

formed upon the text of thc Harleian MS. 221, which has been selected as the most ancient, the most correct, and the most copious of the MSS. ofis

which the existence has hitherto been ascertained. The additions that have been made from other MSS., and from Pynson's edition, are numerous these, as likewise;

the corrections and various readings, are distinguished

from the text by being placed within brackets, with the indication of the sources whence they are severally derived. In a few instances, where the reading of the Harl. MS. appeared so faulty as to justify an alterationof the text, the rejected word has been given in the notes;

but more frequently

it

has been considered preferable to

leave the reading of the

MS.

unaltered, and to give

tiie

various reading, which at once suggests the correction.

The authorities whence various readings have been taken

yi

ADVERTISEMENT.tlie

are indicatecl in

following manner.

Library at King's College, Cambriclge, (k.)collection of Sir

;

MS. in the MS. in the

Thomas Phillipps, Bart. at Middle Hill, and formerly in the Heber Library, (h.) MS. in the;

Chapter Library at Winchester, originally in the possession of

Thomas

Silkstede,

Prior of Winchester, A.D.

1498,

(s.)

A

fragment contained in Harl. MS. 2274,

marked by the number of the MS. The edition printed by Pynson, in 1499, has supplied numerons additions and various readings, distinguished thus, (p.) and a few, the critical in^ortafforded a few readings, which are;

ance of whicheditions

is

but

trifling,

have been selected from the

by Julian Notary, 1508, (j.) and W. de Worde, The work was reproduced by the last-named 1516, (w.) printer in 1510, 1512, and 1528 but Pynson's text;

aj^pears to liaveeditions,

bceu followed in

all

the subsequent

with partial abridgment chiefly of the Latin

portion of the work, and some trifling variations.

The

integrity of the

MS.

selected as the

groundwork

of the present edition having thus been, in all essentialresj^ects, preserved,

the following modifications have been

deemed

advisable.

The

original consists of

two

distinct

portions,

and alphabetical arrangements, a nomlnale^ and

a verbale, according to the usage, of which other instances

occur in contemporary works of a similar nature.

The

disadvantage of thus separating the verbs from the nouns, and other parts of speech, was evidently material, and

ADVERTISEMENT.the arrangementlias

Vll

been simplified by throwing theorcler.

whole into onc alphabetical

Thc

indications of

genders, declensions, and conjugations, as likewise of

which conveyed important information to the student of Latin, for whose benefit the work was compiled, but are devoid of anycertain inflexions of the Latin words,utility as regards the present purpose,

have been whollycited;

omitted.

Wherever

it

was

practicable, the Latin words

have been corrected by reference to the authorities

in all other cases no attempt has been niade to alter the

barbarisms of a debased Latinity, which, displeasing,indeed, to the eye of the classical scholar, are not devoidof information to the archaic student.

been found impossible to preserve the perfect regularity of alphabetical arrangement, in consequenceIt has

of the disorder that

had been introduced by the

scribe,

who, writing inore by ear than careful observation oforthography, has in his transcript continually vitiated thespelling of the original.

ruptions, introduced

To have corrected these corby the second hand, would haveits

been incompatible with the principle of preserving, inintegrity, the text of the

MS.

:

the transposition of the

would have destroyed the evidence of their original spelling indicated by the alphabetical arrangement. Some words have, however, where it appeared advisable, beenvvords

transposed

;

and

if

the Editor should be reproached with

an excess of caution in not making many alterations of

Vail

ADVERTISEMENT.

the kind, he hopes that the inconvenience will be ulti-

mately remedied by means of an orthographic Index,

by the most obsolete and nncouth spelling may be eifectually facilitated. The contractions have throughout been printed at length with tlie exception of the final m and n these have been left in cases where any question might arise as to their power. The chief difiiculty in this respect has occmTcd in regard todisgiiised:

which words

it is

proposed to

suj^plv,

wherein the reference to

the verbs, and, although the Editor has

little

doubt that

the termination -nne was here intended by the contractionh,

yet the irregularities of

tlie spelliug,

contraction, that occur inthe MS., in

and indications of this instance, haveinterest.

induced him to leave these, andthe decision of those

all

questionable cases, to

whom

they

may

In a

few instances where the contraction has appeared to be redundant, or erroneous, it has been printed as it standsin the MS., so thatit

may

be rejected or retained, at theof the last stroke

option of the reader.of the

A prolongation

which occasionally, as it is bcHeved, denotes the mute final e, has been indicated in the It must also be noticed, following manner, m', n'.or n,

m

that y

is

to be sought in tbe place of;

i

;

that shis

is

in-

variably written sch

and that

j?,

whichit

occasionally,

by inadvertence of the scribe, written th, takes the penultimate place, usuaUy assigned toalphabet.in the

Anglo-Saxonz,

The

letter

3 is

found in the place of

at the

;

ADVERTISEMENT.close of the alphabetical

IXas,

arrangementletter,

;

however,

its

various and undefined powers would have been insufficiently represented

by that

the Saxon character

has been retained, with the exception only of a verysmall

number

of words, in which, the letter having eviz,

dently the simple and ordinary power of

that character

has been employed.

In the

selection of illustrative materials, the Editor has

sought to keep equally in view the curious character ofthe work, as affording definite evidence of archaic usages,

and its philological importance. He has thought it also more desirable to establish by contemporary evidence the existence of an obsolete word, or show the immediate source whence it was introduced into the language, thanto enter

upon etymological speculations. The Author excuses himself for the dialectical pecuof his work, written in conformity with the lan-

liarities

guage of Norfolk, with which alone he was acquainteda comparison, therefore, with the existing dialect of East

Anglia appeared to bedesirable,andas far as it

it

has been carried out

was practicable. Of numerous contemporary or ancient authorities, whence illustrations have bcen largely

drawn, several MSS. of the Latin-English Dictionary, entitled Medulla Grammatices, compiled, according to Bale,

by the same author as the Promptorium,have been chiefly consulted, as likewise the same work in its printed form, Of the under the title of the Ortus Vocabulorum. MeduUa Grammatices, or Grammatice, the MSS. which

X

ADVERTISEMENT.especially be cited

may

are,among several iu tlie Harleian two Taluable Collection, those marked 2257 and 2270;

MSS.

in the collection of

Sii'

Thomas

Phillipps, Bart.;

8244 and 8306 (MSS. Heber 1020 and 1360) and the MS. in the Chapter Library at Canterbury, which is the

more remarkable on accoimt of the large number of corresponding Anglo-Saxon words which have been added in the margin, as it is supposed, by the hand of Somner.

A copy is also preserved in theLibrary at Holkham.noticedis

Pepysian Library at Cam-

bridge, erroneously described as an English

and Latin,hitherto

instead of a Latin-En2:lish Dictionarv, and another in the

The most ancient MS.;

in the possession of the Editoris

and

it

must be

observed that, althoui^h the worksame, the variations of the text in

substantiallv the

all

these copies are

found to be very great, and deserve careful comparison.

A h.ighly valuableMS., dated 1183, consistingof anEnglishand Latin Dictionary, wholly distinct from the Promptorium, and written apparently in the Xorth-Eastern partsof England,is

cited as the Catholicon

Anglicum.

Eor

free use of this important source of illustration the Editoris

indebted to the kindness of

its late

lamented possessor,of

the Eight Hon. Lord Monson.

The curious work

John Palsgrave,garia, 1519,

entitled " Eclaircissement de la langue

Eran^oyse," 1530, the quaint sentences of Horman's Vul-

and various other early printed authorities of equal rarity, have been made available to the utmost of the Editor's abiHty. But much has been inevitablv left

ADVERTISEMENT.without any explanatory comment;

XI

and the Editor is apprehensive that the elucidations which he has been enabled to offer will too frequently be found insufficient In a work that has demanded much minute or defective. research and detailed reference, numerous errors must, with the utmost care, have occurred and he will thankfully appreciate any corrections or suggestions with which;

those

who

are interested in sucii researches

may

favour

him.

Considerable inconvenience has arisen from the

impossibility of gaining access to treatises from which the

Latin words in the Promptorium were derived. Tlie author cited as " Mirivalensis, in Campo florum," is

unknown, and all researches in order to discover that work, which supplied many of the most curious andobscLire terms,

have hitherto been

fruitless.

No MS.

of

the Derivationes Ugucionis has yet been found which answers to the description here given, " Ugucio versificatus ;" and the " Commentarius curialium"still

is

likewise

a desideratum.

On

these points of difficulty the

Editor, in behalf of his endeavour to offer in the present

work some contribution towards the archaic lexicography of the English language, would solicit the aid of those who are more conversant than himself with early MS.literature.

131, Piccadilly,

July 29, 1843.

^

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PKEFACE.On the completionsome introductoryEuropean country.as

of a long-promised contribution to English lexicographynotices

of the most valuable linguistic

seem indispensible, as an accompaniment monuments of its class to be found

toin-

one

any

Whether we regard the Promptorium Parvulorum * an authentic record of the English hinguage in the earlier half of theEast Anglia,

fifteenth century, as inustrative of the provincial dialects of

or as explanatory of the numerous archaisms of a debased Latinity that

pervades early chronicles and documents,highly estimated.If,

its vahie can scarcely be too on the other hand, we take into consideration the curious evidence which it supplies to those who investigate the arts and

manners of bygone times,at the period equally

it

were

difficult to point

out any relic of learningdetails

full of instruction,

and of those suggestive

which claim the attention of students of mediaeval Hterature andin the varied departments of archteological research.

antiquities

These considerations, not

less

than the great scarcity of the work,

whether we emimerate the MSS. hereafter described, or the few and oftenmutilated copies of editions by the fathers of English typography, Pynson,

Juhan Notary, and Wynkyn de AVorde, preserved"

to

our days, were induce-

In the MS. at King's College, Cambridge, tlie work is entitled, in the prologue, " Promptorius Parvulorum;" in Pynson's edition " Promptorius Puerorum;" and in The last title that by Wynkyn de Worde " Promptuarium Parvulorum Clericorum."is

doubtless most correct.

Promptuariumit

in classical latinity signifies a store-room or

repository; in mediseval times

denoted the department in a conventual or collegiate

establishment or the like, whence stores were dispensed, which in a monastery was under the charge of the Cellarer. The author gives " Boterye; celarium, promptuarium;"

p.45; " Celer; promptuarium; Celerere of the howse; cellerarius, promptuarius;" p. 65; " Spence, botery or celere; cellarium, promptuarium;" p. 468. As illustrations of theuse of the term by mediceval writers, Idialogice ordinatorum," Colon. 1496,

may mention

the " Promptuarium argumentorum " Promptuarium exemplorum," appended to the

" Sermones de Sanctis " printed by Julian Notary in 1510, " Joh. Herolt Promptuarium,"

Nuremb. 1520, and "Jo. Piniciani Promptuarium Vocabulorum " Aug. Vind. 1516. The title, it may be observed, was adopted for a Latin-French and Freneh-Latin vocabulary, " Promptuarium Latinae Linguaa," printed at Antwerp by Plantin, 1564; and the;

well-known series of medallion portraits " Promptuarium Iconum Insigniorum."

first

published at Lyons in 1553

is

entitled

CAMD.

SOC.

C

XIVmentsto

PKEFACE.undertake a task which hasnov^', after

many

unforeseeu impedi-

mentSj been brought to completion.

I wiil not, hoAvever,

consume time"\vin,

infor

seeking to propitiate those whose indulgence I might hope to

shortcomings and imperfections Avhich no one perhaps can more truly

esti-

mate or regret than myself.engaged in the minutetoils

The student of

early literature

who has

-which such an undertaking demands, or in

the wearisome labor of collation,

may be

-willing

perhaps to regard with

leniency deficiencies and even inaccuracies into which the editor

may have

been betrayed in the course of his work.

TheI.

special subjects to

which

I

have limitedthus stated:

my

observations in the

following preliminary notices

may be

The authorTheTlie

of the Promptorium, with such traces as

may

be found

of his history or of his Hterary labors.II.

sources from which his Latinity was derived.

III.

MSS.

of the work,

and

also the printed editions

which have been

available iu the preparation of this volume.I.

We

are euabled to ascertain Avith certainty, from the author's

own

statement given in the Harleian

MS. at

the close of his Preamlulum, that the

Promptorium was compiled by a Dominican Friar of Lynn Episcopi, Norfolk, A.D. 1440.'' This monastery of Black Friars or Friars-Preachersstood in the eastern part of theIt is believed that this

town.

Few

traces of

it

are

now

to

be seen,

house existed in the reign of Edward L, and was

founded by Thomas Gedney.*'to*

An

anchorage

is

stated to

have belongedas " fratrem

it,

and herein possibly the author, Avho describes himselfiiifra,

See p.3,

^

Dugdale, Mon. Angl.vol. viii. p.

vol. vi. p.

1487; Taylor's Index Monast.

p.

37; Blomefield's

Norfolk,"^

527.St.

There was a ehapel of

Catherine in the conventual church, and with this ehapel

probably the above-mentioned anchorage was connected.of Norwich, wrote a letter to the that they of

Henry le Despencer, Bishop mayor and burgesses of Lynn, 5 Eich. II. desiringhouse ofSt.

would grant

their part of the

Catherine to John Consolif, a servantlife

Lord

le

Despencer, the bishop's brother, there to live a solitary;

upon the alms

of the good people

the other part of the house, belonging to the Archdeacon of Norwich,

baving been before granted to the said John Consolyf. Blomefield, ut szipra, p. 513. There waa a remarkable hermitage at Lynn, in a cave on the sea-shore, in the bishop's marsh, at a spot called " Lenne Crouch," where, as appears by a document dated 1349,alofty cross,

110

feet in height,

had been erected

for the benefit of seafaring

men,

But

herniits

and reduses were

essentiallv different.

PREFACE.

XV

predicatorem reclusum Lenne Episcopi," had souglit a retreat from moreactive dutics to devote his leisure to the taskIf the library of his

which he had undertaken.

owu house could

not supply

him

vvith

the works

necessary for his literary purpose, doubtless they could have been easily

obtained from those of other houses belonging to the Order.

There

is

no reasonits strict

to

suppose that the word reclusus

is

here used inin a

any other than

sense of an " ankyr," one

who was shut upcell

building specially appropriated to the purpose, and with a solemn service,

by

episcopal sanction

;

after

which he could not leave his

except inin

case of necessity or with the permission of the bishop.*

The expressionfriar.

the preface, " Lenne sub regula paupertatis astrictus," probably refers totlie

vows taken on the occasion ofanachorita (p. 12).in Sussex is

his

becoming a Dominican"

The

author has himself explained the word " ankyrderedatit

by

" recluse," and ren-

An instance of a friar being a reclusewill of St. Richard,

(mclusus)

Pagham

mentioned in the

Bishop of

Chichester;^ and

we readas

of an anchoress within the nunnery of Clemen-

thorpe, near York, in 1475.

The author was,

we

learn from his

own words,

bred, if not born, in

Norfolk: " comitatus Northfolchie

modum

loquendi solum suxn secutus,

quem solum abIt

infancia didici, et solotenus plenius perfectiusque cognovi."

may

deserve observation that the peculiarities of the local dialect of

the county should have been thus distinctly noticed at this period.are,

We

however, informed that, at an earlier time, Samson de Botington,St.

abbot of

Edmundsbury 1182

1211,

was accustomed

to discourse

to the people in the vernacular of Norfolk, the

county in which he was

born and bred, and that he had a pulpit for the purpose in the conventualchurch.*^

There has hitherto been some uncertainty in regard

to the

name

of the

*is

Heame

stated to have

has given a note, hereafter mentioned, in which the compiler of the work been " frater Ricardus Fraunces, inter quatuor parietes pro Christo

inclusus."

Ames

has inserted a note by a Mr. Lewis,

who was

led to the conelusion that

he had actually been starved to death between four walls; but Herbert observes thatthe phrase means no more than that hc was confined or imprisoned; to wliich Dibdin adds " most probably a voluntary recluse or monk." Typ. Ant. vol. ii. p. 418.^''

Sussex Archseol. Coll.

vol.

i.

p.

174,p. 143.

"=

Madox, Form. Angl.

p.

437.

Reyner, Apost. Benedict. in Anglia, App.

XVIcompiler oftlie

PREFACE.Promptorium.tlie

In the Glossary to Hearne's edition of

Langtoft's Clironicle, under

word

" Nesshe," tlie

following statement

and molleo (so 'tis expressed for molHo,) in the Promptorium parvulorum sive clericorum (calFd also Medulla Grammaticae), a very scarce folio book printed by Richard Pynson in the year 1499, being the 14th year of the reign of King Henryappears:

"Maken

nesshe

is

interpreted mollifico

VII. at which timelency, as

it

was look'd upon

as a

work

of great use

and excelet

may

appear from this printed note at the end.

^ Ad laudem

ad honorem," &c. (as given in the account of Pynson's edition, p. xHi. infra.)

" The author was a preachingof the East parts of England, to

or black Fryer, and follow'd the dialect

which he had been used from his infancy, as he tells us in his Prologue. His name was Richard Frauncis, as I find by this note written in an old hand at the beginning of a copy of this book that was lent me by Mr. Ward of Longbridge, viz. ^ Nomen Compilatoris istius libri

est Frater

Ricardus Fraunces, inter quatuor parietes prois at most some previous possessor of the book,

Christo inclusus."^the

Against this statement, however, whichor tradition of

anonymous notecited, first,

may beedition

an entry of equal authority in a copy of the samein the public library at

by Pyusonfuit

Cambridge

" Autorof the

hujus

operis

Galfredus Grammaticus dictus, frater Ordiuis

S. Dominici.''

To

this friar

we

find the authorship ascribed

by the learned Bale, Bishop oftitle

Ossory, himself an East-Anglian, not indeed under the

Prompto-

rium, but as the Medulla Grammatices, distinctly identified however bythe incipial words of the

PreambulumBale,

as the

by the nameaccustomed

first

mentioned.

work more commonly known whose Catalogue of the writers of

Great Britain was published at Basle in 1557,'' writes also thus with hiscritical asperity:

" Galfridus Grammaticus, ad scholas semper

a puero nutritus, sub corruptis, obscuris, ac barbaris prajceptoribus, primaejus artis rudimenta edoctus, corruptior ipse aliorumevasit.

Sibi ipsi nihilominus,

tandem magister non aUter quam olim arrogans ille Pala^mon,et bonajillaj

adfectus,literse, et

multa tribuebat, tanquam essent cum eo nato simulbcne dicendi artesoborta;,

atque

cum

eo

demumalios

moriente et

simul essent interiturse.

Ciceronem, Salustium, Servium, Pliuium, Varet

ronem, Vergilium, Horatium, Quintilianum,**>

bonos authores in

Peter Langtoft's Chronicle, edit. Hearne,

vol.

ii.

p. G24.

In tho

first

edition, printed at Ipswich, 1548, the notice of Galfridus varies only in a

few particuiurs from that above cited.

PBEFACE.lecturis ille contempsit;

XVll

et

pro

illis

ad Latina^ linguse perniciem, ac bonoDeditque suis

rum ingeniorum nauseam,

sordes ac feces horribiles ex suo Alexandro,"'

Garlandio, Genuensi,'' et similibus, Grammatista protulit.

auditoribus opuscula que sequuntur, Latinis characteribus exarata,

In doctrinale Alexandri,

lib. 3.lib. 1.

In Joannis Garlandi Synonyma,In iEquivoca ejusdem,lib. 1.

Cum

omnis

divisio lilri sit penes.^

In snperiore

libro tractavi deJ^

Expositiones hymnorum,^

lib. 1.

Iste liher dicitur liher hijmnorum.{nostrce prce.

Hortum vocabxilorum,Praceptiones pueriles,

lib. 1.

Ut enim multosCernentihus

Medullam Grammatices,

lib. 1.

solicite clericorum.

lib. 1.

Et

ejus farinoe alia.

Pra^dicta opusculasuisscriptis

omnia

vidi, Parisiis

atque Lonfuisse tes-

dini impressa.

Sunt qui in

Dominicauum huncvirginis partu

tentur, et claruisserico 7 regnante."^

anno a sacratissimo

divaj

1490, Hen-

Alexander Neecham.^

t. i.

p.

271; Wurdtwein, Bibl. Mogunt.,

66; Hallam, Lit. of Europe,

I. c. 1,

Fabricius, Biblioth. med. et inf. Lat.,s.

t. iii.

304;

edit.

Patav. 1754.Ital., lib.

Du Cangeiii.

prsef.

46; edit. Henschel,

t. i.

p.

28; Tiraboschi, Storia di Lett.

c.

14.

XXIVponere statuimus, in quo, pras

PEEFACE.aliis,

tionumet

distinctiones, derivationum origines,

vocabulorum significationes, significaetymologiarum assignationes,pigritia

interpretationum reperientur expositiones,

naturaliter indiga

quadam doctorumoftlie

quorum ignorantia Latinitas non modicum coarctatur.'it

Numerous MSS.appear thattheit

Vocahulai^ium of Uguitio exist, butIt will

does not

was Promptorium cites not only the workever printed.*Brito.is

be noticed that

tlie

compiler of

in majori volumine,

but also one in

a metrical form designated Uguitio versijicatus^3.

encesive

The treatise by William Brito, to which frequent refermade by the compiler of the Promptorium, is probably his " Sumtna,difficilium

opusculum

vocabulorum' Biblie," an explanatory Glossary

Holy Writ, sometimes entitled " Lexicon siveVocabularium Biblie," or, as described by Fabricius, " Vocabularius cum vocabulorum Hebraicorum in Bibhis occurrentium interpretatione Latina."of words occurring in

Some accountcol.

of this

work may be foundt. i.

in

Du

Caoge's Preface to hist.

Glossary, 49, edit. Henschel,

p. 30,

and Bandinius, Codd. Lat.

iv.

213.

The SummaDifficiles

is

in prose,

but

it

commences with some prefatory

verses:studeo partes, quas Biblia gestat,latebi-as nisi

Pandere; sed nequeoAuxiliante Deo, &c.

qui manifestat

The followang MSS. may be enumerated. In the Bodleian, Laud MS. 1334,71, " Huicii Pisani Dictionarium Latinumf and MS. Bodleii, 2486, 9. " Huguitionis Pisani

Derivationes magnffi sive Dictionarium Etymologicum;" Cat.

MSS. Angl.

t. i.

pp. 70, 129::

" Hugonis,

vel Hugutionis, episcopi Pisani derivationes

magnas," &c., Lambeth MS. 80

" Hugonisibid.

liber de significatione

verborum, sive derivationes magnoe, opus valde prolixum,"

No. 120, See also Arundel

MSS.and

in Brit.

abridgement.

MSS.

are also to be found in the Cathedral libraries atat Caius College,

Mus. 127, 508, and 515, tbe latter being an York and Durham at;

Balliol College, Nos. 279, 298,

No. 459; Catal. by the Rev. J. J. Smith. In Add. MS. 11611 may be found " Tabula per alphabetum condita a fratre Lamberto de Pisis," an index of all words explained by Uguitio, with the indication of the primary words under which they oceur, facilitating the use of the work. ^ Possibly to be found in the Lambeth Librarj-, MS. No. 502, f. 15, " Regulje grammaticales versibus conclusse."

In some instances reference is made in the Promptorium both to the work " iu majori volumine and also in the versified form. It deserves notice,,''"'

that,

where the

latter is cited, the reference is rarely to the letter

which

is

the initial ofS.

the Latin word in question.

Thus we

Heere bonde;Ug. V.in

vitta;&.C.

Ug. V.

in

C

"Cleppyn orclenchyn; tinnio ; Ug. V. in Mete yevare; dapaticus; Ug. V. in A. Mychare;find

erro;

P."

;

PREPACE.

XXV

Brito was, according to Pits, a uative of Wales of ancient British race,

a

monk

of the Franciscan order versed in the learning of his times, and

his Avritings

were highly in esteem in foreign landsdoes not appear that the

:

he died at Grimsby

in 1356.*

It

Summa

has been printed.

Another

treatise entitled

Synonyma ascribed

to

Brito was, according to Fabricius,

printed at Paris in 1508.Britishsee

MSS.

of the;

Summa

are to be found in the

Museum, Sloane MS. 3319 Add. MS. 10,350, from Heber's library also Lambeth MS. 190; MS. CoU. Ball. Oxon., xi.; and MSS, Univ.iii.,

Libr. Cantabr., Catal. vol.4. Mirivalensis in

p.

451.

Campo Florum.

A

large

number of Latin words,

inckiding

many

of obscure and curious character,'' are cited as derived

from

this

work, for which I have made diligent search hitherto in vain.is

In the library of St. Peter'3 College, Cambridge, theredescribedfloribus.;

a treatise thusPr. Fulcite

"No. 1748,

86. Liber cui

tit.

Campus florum.This

me

Observat ordinem Alphabeticum."

treatise,

however,

cousisting of short common-places from the fathers and canonists, has proved on examination wholly difFerent from the Campus Florum used in the

compilation of the Promptorium.to identify the place or

I

have

failed equally in the

endeavor

monastery from which the name of the author

may have been Pits, p.

taken.

The

Cistercian

Abbey

of Mereval (de

Mira Valle)t. i.

481; Wadding. Ann. Minorum; Fabricius, Bibl. med.&c.Brito iscited in the

et inf. Lat.

p.

282;

Tanner,

p. 121,

Promptorium under " Bras

pott; emola;'''' p. 47;

" Chyldys^ It

belle; hilla;'" p. 75;

" Cok belle;"p. 86; "

Forelle, to kepe

yn a boke;"

p. 171.

may beif

well to cite a few Latin words given on the authority of thewill

Campus

Florum; the followingparison,

be serviceable, in any future inquiry, for purposes of comto light;it

any work thus entitled should be broughttitle,

may have been known

by some other

"Appulmoce, dyschmete; pomacium. Astelle, a schyyd; iecla. Bane of a pley; coragium. Babulle; pegma, Baselarde; sica. Caraway, herbe; carwy, sic scribitur in campo florum. Hey benche; orcisira. Joppe or folte; joppus. Karde for wulle; campus florum dicit quod cardiand hencesearch has been fruitless.

my

sunt pectineslytyll

ferrei.

Kyptre of a welle;

iela,

Lullynge songe ; /escennia.

Murche,These

man; nanus.will

Parget or playster for wallys; gypsv.m.Stacyonere; hilliopola.

Renlys for mylke; coagulum.fyyr; ignis Qrecus,''''

Sprete or quante; conia,

Wyylde

words

Guallensis, of which see a notiee infra, p. Ixxiii.le

It

is

subjoined to the volume entitled, Paris sous Philippep.

Bel; Paris, 1838,

Appendix,

580.i.;

A

Library of National Antiquities, &c., vol.p.

Vocabularies edited by Mr.

Thomas

Wright, F.S.A.,glosses;it

120.

The

text here printed

is

accompanied by numerous English

has been taken from Cott. MS. Titus, D. xx. collated with Harl. MS. 1002, it oceurs with the " Liber vocatus Equus sive Caballus," another treatise attributed, as above stated, to John de Garlandia.f.

176, where

PREFACE.some other writersaffirm that he

XXvii

was an Englishman, who studied at

Oxford, and subsequently establishcd himself in the University of Parisearly in the thirteenth century

but he returned

to Pai-is,

in 1229 he became a professor at Toulouse, and probably died there soon after 1250. He de;

dicated his treatise "

De

mysteriis

rerum que sunt

in ecclesia," of

which

a notice will be found hereafter, to Fulke Basset, Bishop of London 12411259.

Mr. Wright has entered more fuUy into the history of John de

Garlandia in the Introduction to his poemDictionarius above mentioned.''^

De

triumphis Ecclesie edited for

the Eoxburghe Club, and also in an introductory note in the edition of theIle expresses the conclusion, to

which

I

had

been likewise led

to incline, that these treatises

should be assigned to the

early part of the thirteenth century.

The author

of the

Promptorium has drawn

so Largely

upon

these obscure

reUcs of mediteval learning that the vexed questious connected with John

de Garlandia, and the precise periodtreatises

when he wrote

these grammatical

once so highly esteemed, are not devoid of interest.

Upon

this

point of literary history, however, the evidence has been conclusively

summed up by

the Rev. J. E. B.

Mayorcited.'^

in a dissertation in the Journal of

Philology which I have ah-eadypatriotic attempt of

Mr. Mayor observes that " the

viii. 83) to estabUsh the French descent of Johannes de Garlandia has been defeated by the fairness of a later editor of that noble work, M. Victor le Clerc {ihid. xxi. 3G9), who has also proved that Johannes lived, not in the eleventh

Dom

Rivet (Hist. Litt. de la France,

century, as Gcraud maintained as late as 1837, but amidstir of the thirteenth.

tlie

intellectualEcclesia;,'

For, in a

poem

entitled

'

De Triumphis

portions of which have been printed

by Mr. Wright, he thus. . .

at once

acknowledges and repudiates his native land*

Vocabularies, &c., Library of National Antiquities, vol,

i.

p.

120, privately priuted,

1857.

Besides tbe dissertation ofin

M. Geraud (Docum.

inedits, ut supra) notices of

Garlandia may be foundet inf. Lat. lib. vii.;

numerous works on mediajval

literature

:

Fabric. Bibl.p.

Jobn de med.Cange,

Tanner, Bibl. Brit. p. 309; Frances.

Litt.,

t. viii.

96

;

Du

Preface to his Glossary,

45; Leyser, p. 339, &c.

M. G^raudtitle

states that the dictionary

above noticed was printed at Caen in 1508, under the

" Joh. de Garlandia Vocavol. iv.

bularium sive vocum ad artes pertinentium expositio."^

foris

why, hwat

for

what; an happel, hirkynvariably used, and

for irk,

and the Hke.

often but not infine relic of the

many words

are written with th.

This"

ancient conventual hbrary contains the " Liber Catonis

with other tracts,

and

after the "It

ExpHcit

" of several of these is

written " Q'

M. W.

Grene."

was

in the possession of

Thomas

Sylkestede, Prior of

Win-

chester about 1498, a liberal benefactor to the fabric of the Cathedral, thefriend of Bishop Fox, to

whomis

he rendered assistance in founding Corpus

Christi College, Oxford; he died in 1524.

beginning of the volumeiiij

written

On

a leaf of parchment at the

'*

Liber T. Sylkestede, prec.

d.,"

and lower on the page in a smaller handwritten

is

xiij

s.

*'

Anno dominidiffe-

M.cccc. iiij^^ xiiij" (1494).

end

is

" Constat ThomeWyntou.

On

the reverse of one of the fly leaves at theSylksted,'' to

whichIste

added inest desit."

rent ink " Supprioris," the book having possibly belonged to

viously to his election to that ofHce.Sancti Swythini

Also

"

him

pre-

liber

domo

Qui eum ahenaverit Anathemaits

On

a

second fly-Ieaf the record ofchester*

having belonged

to the

monastery of Win-

is

repeated

;

also the date m.cccc. iiij"v.

(1485) the Anathema,

This fine volume

is

in perfect

preservation, in the original oak boards covered with

leather.

The

contents, besiues the Promptorium, are

Liber Catonis, Liber Equivocorura,and Liber Aniani,

Parvum

Doctrinale, or Liber de Parabolis Philosophiac, Liber Theodoii,

thc last consisting of fables in hexameter and pentameter verse.

xl

FKEFACE.legible, whicli

and a few words scarcelynoticed; he

may

be read

" Ex providencia

Willelmi Greue," wliose name occurs repeatedly elsewhere as before

may have beenall

either the scribe or the donor.

In the present edition

various readings and additions obtained by

coUation of this

MS.

are indicated

by

the letter (S).

It is

with gratefulliberality of

satisfaction that I

would express

my

ackuowledgment of the

theof

Dean and Chapter iu Mr, Vaux, a volumeassistance iu

entrusting to me, through the friendly mediationof such value, and from which I have derived

much5.

my

undertaking.

MS.

in the library of Sir

Thomas

Phillipps, Bart., collated,

byis

hisIt

kind permission, at Middle HiU (No. 8306, Heber Library No. 1360).is

on paper, dimeusions 11 inches byiuitials

8g-

inches.

The writing

in

double cokimns in a small neat haud of the close of the fifteenth century

with rubricated

;

the English words are underUued with red.top.

Theis

Promptorium extendsas in other

166.

On

the

first

column of

p.

167

written iu red ink, " ExpUcit Uber dictus Promtorius Paruulorum," &c.

MSS. aud immediately after, " Brooke owyt yis Boke hoso The name of this former owner, " Joh'es Broke," occurs repeatedly, also '' Thomas Wade," and, iu a haudwritiug of later date Henry Sherbrooke." On the second or right-hand cohimn ( ? xvii. sasc), of p. 167 commences the Latiu-EugUsh Dictiouary entitled " MeduUawyss]y loke."'

Grammatice," aud written appareutly by the same scribe as the Promptorius.Itis

imperfect in several parts,^ and ends with the word " Ticio,fyre," p. 342.''

ouis, a

brond of

In this

MS. y

is

used instead of

J).

A;

few

pecuUarities in speUing deserve notice, for instauce, almyhty, bryth, flyht,feythtyu, lyth, syth, ryth, nyth, iustead of aUuyghty, bryght, &c.qAvyl,

qwat,

qhyp, qhyth, &c. for what, whyle, whyppe, &c.

The verbs some-

times termiuate iu -ug, thus, " Betydyug, happyng."

In the present edition aU various readings and additious obtaiued bycoUation of this6.

MS.

are indicated

MS.

in the Britishhite

Ubrary of the'

Mr.

S.

by the letter (H). Museum, Addit. MS. 22,556, formerly W. Singer, aud obtaiued by purchase in:

in the1858.*'

The following;

portions are lostto

from Bagge or poke

to

Byggyngto

or thyng yat

is

^ygg.vi^

from Hedcjte

Hoolis

;

aud from Mowar, or maker of mowys,liv.

Mylkyn.from

This MS. of the Medulla

described hereafter, see p.

'

Mr. Singer's

library

was

sold by Messrs. Sothehy,

Aug.

3,

1858.

I

am notaware

/

JSriiish^Jfiiseum.uiddvlzaTuzlJd^S.

ZZSS^.Jolw 73 verso

eur, enfant dlumof Henry VIII. edit. by Sir H. Nicolas. neur." palsg. " Pratcxtatus assecla, qui Gallice vocatur vn j^?r((/(i d^hommes; a page of hench-man, or henchboy, ^jajre honour, or a henchman." Junius, by Higins. ^''honneur qui marche devani (juelque Seigneur dc grand auihoriie." Siierw.

"A

camd. SOC.

2 H

234

PROSIPTORIUM rARVULORUM.

Altitvdo, aibnen, caaimen, siih-

Heldyn',

or

bowyii'.-*

Tnclino,

Ihmtas (svmmitas, p.)

flecto, deflecto.c. f.

Hevward.i(Hek,

Agellarins,

Heldynge,

or holdynge.

Tencio,

ahigevs, UG. v. (inessor, K.)

detcncio, retencio.

Hekele

or hctclie svpra in hec.) (hevkylle, harl. ms.

Heldynge, orbowyiigcc.)

(clynyiige,

Inclinacio, fleccio,

incur-

2274. )2

Mataxa,Mataxo.

c. F.

vacio.

Hekelare.Hekelyn'.

Mataxatrix.

Hele

of ]je fote.

Heele,styrke,

or helthe.^

Talns, calcanens. Sanitas,inco-

Hekelykge. Mataxacio. Hekfere, bceste (orinfra.y'

lumitas.

Helle.

Infernus,

Tartants,v.)

Jvvenca.

Baratrum, Stix (Avernvs,

Tlie heyward was the keeper of cattle in a common field, who prevented trespass on Aecording to the Anglo-Saxoii law the ha2i,t;-weard was to have the cuUivated ground. his reward froni the part of the crop nearest to tlie pastures, or, if land werc allotted, it the same. See Anc. Laws and Inst. i. 441. His office is thus was to be adjacent to noticed by G. de Bibelesworth:

" Ly

messiers (hayward)

ad

les

ckaumps

en citre.";

" In tyme of heruest mery

it is

ynough

The hayward bloweth mery his horne, In eueryche felderipe is corne." K. Alis. 5756.agellarii,, the common herd-ward of a town or village, called bxihulcxis, who overlooked the common herd, and kept it within bounds; and the lieyward of the lord of tlie manor, or religious house, who was regnilarly sworn at the court, took care of the tillage, paid the labourers, and looked after he was termed fiekls-man, or tithing-man, and his wages trespasses and encroachments " IncJusarivs, a heyewarde." med. *' Jnclusonv.s, a pynner of in 1425 were a noble. " Haiward, haward, qui garde au commun tout le hestiail beestes {al. pynder.)" ort.

Bp. Kennett observes that there were two kinds of

:

d^un houryade."' sherw.I heckell (or hetchyll) flaxe, ze cerance, and Hetchell for flaxe, serancq, seranf. nat I a great gentylman, my father vvas a hosyer, and my mother da lin. Seran, a hatchell, or lieaeh, the iron comb whereon dyd heckell flaxe?" palsg. Forby gives hickle, a comb to dress flax, or break it into its flax is dressed." cotg. Teut. htkel, pecten. finest fibres. " Hecforde, a yong eowe, genisse." palsg. * " Juvenca, a hekefeer beest." ORTUS. Caxton, in the Boke for Travellers, speaks of " flesslie of moton, of an hawgher {genise,) See Bp. Kennett's gloss. v. Hekfore. Ang.-Sax. healifore, vaccula. or of a calfe." Forby notices a bequest of certain " heckfordes " in the will of a Norfolk clergyman, dated 1579, but the niodern pronunciation isheifker. * " To helde, &i to bowe." catb. ang. In tlie Northern Dialects to heald signifies See Brockett, Craven Dial. and Jamieson, v. Heild. Ang.to slope, as a declivity. Palsgrave gives the verb " I hylde, I leane on the one syde, as Sax. hyldan, inclinare. a bote or shyp, or any other vessell, ie encline de couste. Sytte fast, I rede you, for y*' bote begynneth to hylde." ^ '' Saluhritas, holsones, or heelL helefull" ORTUS. heleSaluler, '' Prosper, " Sos])itas,,firmitas, mlvacio, &c. hele." fulle, happy, withe-owte tene." med. ms. cant. Helefulle, Roy. MS. 17 C. XVII. "An hele, cohmitas, edia, fecunditas, valitudo. " Heale of body, sante."' palsg. In a scrmon given prosj>er, salutaris.^'' CATH. ang. 2ie Jialille

"

Am

^''

PHOMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.IIeelyn', or hoolj^iT of sekenessc. Sano, curo, medico, medicor. Heelynge, or holynge of sekenesse. Sanacio, curacio. Helme, or J)e rothere of a schyp (hehne of pe rocler of shyp, s. hehue, rother of a shyppe, h. p.) Temo, CATH. plectrum, cath.et

235

Hempe. Ca?iabmn. Hempvne, or hempy (hempene,orofhempe,k.s.

h.)

Canaheus.ms. 2274.

Henne. Galli?ia. (Henne nest, uarl.I?igitato?'iu??i.)

Henrane,

hcrbe.

Jusquiamvs,

simplio?iica, i?isana, c. f.

UG.

i?i

jilecto.

HengylGalea,c. f.

of

a

dore, or

wyndowev.yet. c. F.

Helme

of armure.

(hei)gyll of a shettinge, k.Verteb?-a, vectis,

cassis, c. F. et

Helpare.snffragator.

cath. Adjutor,

cath,

adjutrix,

Hengyl, gymewe (gymmewe, k. gemewe, harl. ms. 2274, p.)Verti)iella. ug. in ve?'?'o.

Helpe.

Adjutorium,

auxilium,

suffragium, juvamen, pi'esidium{subsidiu7n, k. p.)

Heep.

Cumnlus, acervus, agger,sup?'a

globus.

Helpyn'.

Juvo, adjuvo, auxilior,

(Hentynge,YNGE.)'''

in

cahch-

suhvenio, succurro, opitulor.

Helpyn' and defendyn.'cinor.

Patro-

Helthe, idem quod hele, svpra.

HeltyrHelve.*tum.

(or halter, s.) Capistrim.beestj-s. Cajnstro,

Heltryn'

cath.

Cumulator.') (IIepar, k. Cumulatus. IIeepyd. Hepyn, or make on a hepe. mulo, acciwiulo. Hepynge. Cumidacio.

Cu-

Manubriu?n,or heftyn'.

manute?i-

HeerHeer

(hcre, k.fyrste

s.

p.)

Capillus,co?na.

cincinnus,Ma?iub?'io.

cri?iis, cesa?'ies,

Helvyx,

growyngeyn' mannysc. f.

Hemme.

Fimbria, limbus, cath. cath. et c. f. o?'a, orariu??i, cath. IIemmyn' garmentys. Limbo, Jimh?'io, cath.et c. F. lascinia,

berde.PLACE.)'*

La?iugo,

(Herbere,

h. p. sup?'a

in

grenec.f.

Herberiowre. Hospiciarius,et

comm.

" Giesy was smyt by Foxe, as delivered by R. Wimbeldon, 1389, is this passage with mesilry, for he sold Naaman's heale, that cam of God's grace." Sir John Paston writes thus to his motlier "It'm it lylced yow to weet of myn heelle, I thanke God now y' I ani nott greetly syke ner soor." Past. Lett. v. 80. Ang.-Sax. heel, snlus. " Ilolue of any tole, maiiche. Hafte of any tole, manche.'''' PAI.sg. This word is given by Forhy as still uscd in Norfolk. See also Moore. Ang.-Sax. helf, nmnMhrimn. ^ Forby states tliat in Norfolk liiiigle signifies either a small hinge, or a snare of vvire, closing like a liinge, by means oi' whicli poachers are said to hingle hares and rabbits. " Hinge, or hingeil of a gate, cardo,'''' &c. BARET. Horman says, " This buttell lacketh an hyngill, uter amicino caret.'''' See gymewe. ' See hyntyn' hereafter. ''I hente, I take by vyolence, or ^to catche, ie haj^pe; this terme is nat vtterly comen ." pai,.sg. It is used by Chaucer. See the note on the word ekbaue.::

'

236

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.Vitta, c. F. et VG. V. in C. crinale, dicc. discriminale.

Herbeeewe

(lierboiTve, k. berbeHosrow, H. herborowe, p)^ picivm. Herreravyx', or receyvyn' to

Heerce oudede cors,

a dede corces.)^

(herce

vijou dede corcys, k. p. heers of

hereborogbe (herbergwyu, k. Hosjntor, herboroweu, p.) CATH. et si significet to take herboroghe, tunc est quasi deponens.

Pirama, cath,

piramis, c. f. et vg. in pir. Heerde, or flok of beestys, what Polia, cath. so euyi" they be.arinentum, cath.

Heeke" An

boxde

(herbonde,

p.)

Heerd mann.An

Pastor, agaso.

c. f.

'

hsLrhar, Itospicium,, diversorium.

havhiTiouT, hospes, Iiospita.

To harber,

Harberynge, hospitalitas.^'' cath. ang. " Herboroughe, logis. I harborowe, Herberiour, that proujdeth lodgyng, fourrier.'''' I lodge one in an inne, ie herherye. PALSG. A station where a marehing amiy rested was termed in Ang.-Sax. hereIn a niore extended sense harbour deberga, from here, exercilus, beorgan, muuire. noted any place oi' refuge, or liospitable reception. See Yision of P. Ploughm.; AVicliffite Version, Scc. In the Golden Legend it is related that St. Amphyabel " prayed Albon of herborough for tlie love of God whiche Albon without faynyuge, as he y' alwaye loued to do hospytalyte, graunted hym herberough, and well receyued hym." Caxton says, in the Boke for Travellers, " Grete me the damyselle oi your hous, or of your he(r)berow, rvstre hostel." The verb is used by Sir John Jlaundevile in the sense both of giving and reeeiving hospitality; he says, speaking of Bethany, " there dwelte Symon leprous, and there herberwed our Lord, and aftre he was baptised of the Apostles, and was clept Julyan, and was made Bissehoppe and this is the same Julyan that men clepe to for gode herberghage, for our Lord herberwed with him in his hows." In the Voiage, p. 116. The adjective herberous has the signification of hospitable. version prefixed to the translation of the paraphrase of Titus by Erasmus. it oceurs as " A bysshop must be such as no man can complaine on follows not geuen to filthy The lucre, but herberous," &c. Titus, i. 8; printed by Johan Byddell, er qv.od a 'posleriori ^MTtefoci ligna In Harl. ]\IS. 1738, it is rendered '' an herthe stok, poauntur, quod vu/go lar dicilur.'" stock (Ang.-Sax. stoc, truucus) or a skrene;" in the Ortus, "a hudde or a sterne." may signify primarily a large log, against which, as a foundation, the fire was piled. The cellarist of St. Edmund's-bury held Hardwick under the abbey, and was bound annually Lil)er Celler. Rokewode's to provide " iv. Cristmesse stocke," each of 8 feet in length. Hence, probably, any contrivance where!)y the fire was supported, so as to Suff. p. 475. facilitate combustion, an objeet more perfectly attained by means of andirons (awnderne, In Xorfolk and Sufiolk the back or sides of the siip-ra), was termed the heai th-stock. fire-place are termeJ " the stock," and Forby derives the word from Ang.-Sax. stoc, locus.C. F.

Ducange.

:

A

See KYNLYN hereafter.

A hank of yarn is called in the Xorth a hesp, or hasp, the fourth part of a spindle. Bp. Kennett gives "a hank of yarn or thread, when it comes otf the reel, and is tied in the middle, or twisted. So the iwist or rope that comes over y*^ saddle of the thiller horse Perhaps from Sax. lianjan, to tie or twist but it is called the thille hanks; Dunelm. comes much nearer to the Isl. haunk, funimlus in circulum colligaius.'''' Lansd. MS. 1033. Maiaxa signifies the comb which serves for dressing flax, as given above under the word HEKELE, but iuiplies also a hank of spun thread. See Ducange. '' jPesseUum, a lytel lok of tre, a haspe, a cospe, a sclott.'' med. sis. cant. " Pessulum dicitur sera lignea qua hostiuin pellitur cmn seratur, Anglice a lyteke, or latche.or a snecke, " Haspe of a Aovq, clichette." palsg. " Agraphe, a claspe, or barre of a dore." ort.' ;^

hook, brace, grapple, haspe." COTG. In this last sense the word haspo. occurs in the Sherborn Cartulary, MS. in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, where, among the gifts of William the sacrist (Xlltb cent.!') is mentioned '^ J/issule cum haspa argcntea." Bp. Kennett observes that in Kent, Sussex, and Oxfordshire, the word is pronounced "haps, to haps a door or cupboard. Ang.-Sax. ha?ps, sera, fibv.la." Lansd. MS. 1033. This older form is also retained in Somerset, Wilts, and in N. Britain, hasp being the corruption. See Jamieson. ^ Sowaly, MS. Compare fowayle, and lvnge of the hethe. * " Decollo, to hefdyn." MED. " He was heeded at Towre hyil.'" palsg.

PROJIPTORIUM PARVULORUM.

239

Hevene. Cehm, polum. Hevenely. Celitus, adv. Hevenly. Celicus, celestis.

ide77i quod heyke, supra K hevke, s. h.) Hethynne, or paynynne (panym,

Hewke,(hek,

Hevy

to bere (to beryn, Gravis, poiiderosus.

k.)

H. p.)

Pagamis,

etnicus.

Hevy and

grevows. 'Gravis, et idem quod grevows, supra. Hevy in sowle, and herte. 3Iolestus, tristis {inestus, r.)

Hethvnnesse. Pagania. Hydde. Absconditus, celatus.Hydvn'.Ahscondo,c. f.

occulto.

Hevy manne,Hevy

or

womanne, andMestijicus,

not glad yn chere. mestijiea, cath.noleatus.

a-slepe (of slepe, s.p.)

Somptriste.

Absconsio, latitacio. Hydynge place. Latihulum, absconditum, latehra, abditorium, UG. in do. Hyde, or skynne (hyyd, or hyde, harl. ms. 2274, v.) Pellis, cutis. Hyddyr, or to thys place (hyther,p.)

HvDYNGE.

Hevyly.Hevyyn',herte.

Graviter, moleste,or

Huc.

makjn'makyn'

hevy hevy

ynin

Hyddyr w^arde

Mesti(fi)co (mesto, p.)or

Hevyyn',

wyghte. Gravo, aggravo, jwndero, CATH.

(hydward, s. hytherwarde, p.) Istuc. Hydows (hiddowus, or gret, k.) Immanis, immensus.

Hatchyd,hychyd,K.

Hevynesse yn

herte.

Molestia,

or remevyd (hichid, k. s.) Amotus, remotus.p.

tristicia, mesticia.

Hytchyn', or remevyii' (hychyn,

Hevynesselencia.

of slepe.

SompnoPonde-

hytchen,

hythen,

j.

w.)i

He^^ynesse of wyghte.rositas, gravitas.

Hewyn'.

Seco, c. f.

Ahscido. Succido. Hevyn', or schoppyii' to-gedyr thyngys of dyuerse kyndys. Conscido. Hewynge (or haldvynge, snpra.^Seccio.

Hewyn' a-wey. Hewyn' downe.

Amoveo, movco, removeo. Hytchinge, or remevynge (hichynge, k. hyhchynge, harl. ms. 2274.) Amocio, remocio. Hyyn, idem quod hastyn', supra.

Hyynge,

or hastynge. Festinacio,

festinancia, properacio.

HvLLE. Mons, coUis, lihanus. HvLDYR, or eldyr (hillerntre,ellernetre,

k.el-

norne

tre,

harl. ms. 2274, p.)^ Sambucus.

Forby, to hitch means to change place " a man is often deroom to hitch anj-thing which happens to be in the way. Isl. hika, cedere (Joco.y To hilvc and to hick are used in a similar sense. To hitch is explained by Johnson as signifying " to catch, or move by jerks," and so used by Pope. Skinner would derive the exprcssion " hitch buttock, hitch neighbours," or " level coyl,'

In Norfolk, according

to

:

sired to hitch, in order to raake

;

used by boys in playing, who bid one another move, and inake way for from Ang.-Sax. hicj^an, moliri, niti, or Fr. hocher. See Jamieson, v. Hatch, and Hotch. Brockett gives to hitch, hop on one foot. * See the note on the word eldyr, or hyldyr, or hillerne tre. Ang.-Sax. ellarti, samliicus. In some parts of England the name hildcr is still in use ; and in Germany{levez le cnl,)"

the next in

turn,

.

240Hylly,

PR0MPT0RIU3I PAnvULORUM.or fulle of byllys.

Monh.

Hyndyr parteK.)

of a beste (party, of

tuosus.

Clunis.

Hyllyn'

(hyllen

or

cuvyu,

(Hynder party

a

ship, k.

coueren, p.)^

Operio^ cooperio^ clothys (hillinge

iego^ velo, cordcgo.

hpidyr part, s.) Pvppis. Hynderyx', or bacchyu' (bakkyn',s.)

Hyllynge wythe

of clothes, K. p.) tegmen, velamen.

Tegumentum,

HuNDRYD,ficatus.

Retrofacio. or hai-myd.

Dampni-

Hyllyxge,

or corerynge of whatbe.

Hyndryn', idem quod hakmyx',supra.

thyugo hyt(Hylly^'Ge,in or

Coopertura,

cooj)ertorium, operimentum

Hyndrynge,

or

hannynge.

happynge, infraCapulus.

WAPPYNGE.)of a swerde.beste.

Dampnificacio. Hyxtyd. Eaptus.

Hylt

Hyxtyn'

(or revyii, infixi

;

liyn-

Hyynde,C0M3I.

Damula, damus,

tyn, or hentyn, k. h. p.)- Jiajyio,(^arripio, P.)

It was supposed that Judas hanged bimself upon an elder tree, the tree is called Ilolder. and Sir John Maundevile, v.ho wrote in 1356, speaks of the tree as being still shown at Of the superstitious notions in relation to this tree, see Jerusalem. Voiage, p. 112. Brand's Pop. Antiq. under Physical Charms. verb to hiil, and the substantive hilling, appear to be in use in many parts of The'

In the writings of the faut are not noticed in the East-Anglican glossaries. older authors they occur frequently. See R. Brunne, P. Pioughm., Chaueer. and Gower. " Cooperio, to hyll to-gyder. " Tec/o, Tegnieidum,, a hyllynge, a couerynge." ortus. Circumuniictus, a-bowte helynge, or clothynge. Architictor, to hille; tegmen, an helynge. " I hyll, I an helyour of a hous. Cooperio, to hule, or keraere {sic.y med. jis. cant. wrappe or lappe, ie couvre : you must hyll you wel nowe a nyghtes, the wether is colde. Hylling a coueryng, roftye-i-^j/i-f Hyllyngofan house, cov.ve-rture.tecte." palsg. '^ Paliatif, cloaking, hilling ouer, couering, hiding. Palier, to hiil ouer," &c. cotg. Ang.-Sax. helan, celare. Sir John Maundevile, speaking of tlie Tartars, says that " the helynge of Voiage, p. 298. Walsinghere houses, and the wowes, and the dores ben alle of wode." ham calls the rebel Wat, " Walterus helier, vel tyler." Camd. Anglioa, pp. 252, 264. In " Objeetions of Freres," "Wiclitfe makes the observation that " Freres wollen not be the The accounts of the churchwardens of apeied with food and heling," that is, ciothing. Walden comprise the item, " a le Iderh de Thaxstede jtvr byndynge, hyllynge et bosynge de toics les liveres en le vestiart/e.'" Hist. of Audley End, p. 220. In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, it is said, " loke thou ordenne J^at the leves of the yates be keuered and hilled with raw hides." Roy. MS. 18 A. XII. f. 100. Bp. Ktnnett has the fol" Helings, Stragula, bed-cloaths, vox in usu apzid lowing notes in Lansd. MS. 10-33 Ejmdeni origi/ds videtur esse apud Oxo/iienses. Isl. hil, iigo, hulde, texi ; Sax. Helan. Septe/itrionales, to huU into bed ; the hulls of corne, i. the husks ; a swine hull, i. a swine stie. coverlet in Derbyshire is called a Anglis etiam niediterra/ieis to hele est ttgere. Thatchers in bed-healing, and in some other parts absolutely a healing, and a hylling. Yorkshire are called helliars, and so are the coverere with slat in London, and most parts of England. Compare fojihelvn, In old authors the eye-brows are called heliugs.''

England,

.

:

A

celo,^

and hatxe, hed hillynge.This verb oceurs in niost of the early writers:

see R. Glouc. p.

204

;

Vis. P.

Ploughm.

)

PROlirTORIUM TARVULORUM.

241

Hype

of

jje

legge.01-

Femur.Claucratis,

Hyppynge,dicacio.

haltynge.i

Stipenclium, salarium, manipulus, c. f. Hyryd man, or servawntc. Conductius, conductia, inercenarius,

Hyre.

Hyrdyl.C. F.

Plecta, Jlecta,

Hyrdys, or

herdys of flax, or hempe.2 Sfnppa, c. f. et uo. stips, najita, cath. et c. f.

m

mercenaria {conducticius, Hyryn'. Conduco. Hyrne.3 Angulus. Hyse, or hys. Suus.used likewise by Shakespeare.

s. p.

14,258

;

Chaucer, Knight's T. 906.

It is

See Nares.

"Kyng".

Richard his ax

in

honde he hente."

R. Coer de Lion, 4027.

I hente, I take by vyolence, or to catche, ie hapjye : this terme is nat vttcrly comen." In the version of Vegecius attributed to Trevisa, Roy. MS, 18 A. XII. it is said PALSG. of elephants used in war, " somme ordenned ayenst thies bestes fote menne wele hillede aboue wyth platcs, havyng on her shuldres and on ber helmes sharp pikes, that if J>e ohfaunt wolde oughte henche, or catche hem (posset apprehendere), the prickes shulde lette hym." B. iii. c. 24. Compare cahchynge, o? hentynge kyppyn, or hynton and REVYN, or by vyolence take awey, or hyntyn. Ang.-Sax. hentan, rajoere. Compare the verb ovyr hyppyn, or ouer skyppyn. Hyppynge occurs in the sense of hopping, Vis. of P. Ploughm. 11,488, and to hip has in the North a like signification ; hipping stones are steppings at the passage of a shallow stream. The word seems here to be taken from the irregular movement or bopping of the halt person. Gower says of Vulcan,: ; '

"

He had a courbe upon his backe, And therto he was hippe halte."

Conf.

Am,

Tent.hip^elen; suhsilire. Jamieson gives hypalt, a cripple ; to hypal, or hirple, to go lame. In Norfolk to himp and to limp are synonymous. ^ *' Stupa, hyrdes of hempe, or of flax. Siupo, to stop with hurdes." med. ms. cant. " Hxtupo, Ane/lice to do awaye hardes or tawe. Stiqni, stub, ehaf, or towe." ortus. Amongst the various significations of najAa, given in the Catliolicon, it is said " napta etiam, seeiindnr/i Papiam, diciii(r pnrffanientuiii lini.'''' The word occurs in the Wicliffite " And sche criede to him, Sampson version, Judges xvi. 9 Felisteis ben on J>ee, which brak J?e boondis as if a man brekith a |>rede of herdis (jilum de stupti, Vulg.) wrij^un wij> spotle." Chaucer, in the Kom. of Rose, deseribes the dress of Fraunchise, callod a suckeny, or rokette,;!

" That not of hempe herdes was, So faire was none in all Arras."j!e /< de hourras." In Norfolk, according to Forby, hards signify coarse flax, otherwise tow-hards, in other parts of England called hurds ; and in many places a coarse kind of linen cloth is still termed harden, or hirden. The Invent. of the effects of Sir John Conyers, of Sockburne, Durham, 1567, coniprises "vij. harden

In the original, "

xv. pair of harden sheats, xxs." Wills and Inv. Surtees Soc. i. 268. s. hempe, iillaffe de chamure (ichainvre), estovpes.'''' palsg. " Hirdes, or " Grettes de lin, the hards, or towe of flax." towe, of flaxe, or hempe, stupa." baret. COTG. Aug.-Sax. heordas, stupce. * " Angidus, a coruere, or a herne. Pentangulus, of fyue hirnes." med. "An hyrne, angidus, gonus.'''' cath. ang. The gloss on lAher vocatus Eq%ius, renders " antris, darke hernys." Harl. MS. 1002, f. 113. Rob. Glouc. and Chaucer use this word, which has occurred previously aa synonymous with halke. Forby gives CAMD. SOC. 2 Itable clothes, i\

" Heerdes

of

242

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.or schraggynge, s.)c. F.

Hyssyn', as edclerys (heddyr, k.Sibilo. nedrys, h. nedders, p.) Hyssyxge of eddcrs, or ojier lyke.

Sirculus,

{sarculus,

s.

P.)

HoKYD.HoL,(hole,

Hamatus.HARL. Ms. 2257, Cavus.as

Sibi(lys {sibilus, s.)

as pypys, or percyd thyngys

Hyt, or tovrcbyd. Tactus. Hyttynge, or towcliynge. Tactus.

holas

lowe, v.y

Hy^^

Alveare, ulveaapiarium. Hyvyn', or put yn' hyvys. Apio. Hy])E, where bootys ryve to londe,for

bees.

HoLow%

vessellys

(hol,

rium,

c. F.

vesselle or other lyke, k. hole,

as vessellys, s.)

Concavus.r.)

HooLHooL

fro

brekynge (hole,

In-

or stonde.i

Stacio, c. f.

teger.

HoBY, hawke.etus, c. F. et

Alaudarius, ali-

fro

sekenesse (or heyl, h.

KYXW. (sparrus,

p.)

hole,sospes.

p.)

Sanus,

incolumis,

Hoche,

vfhyche (hnsch, s. hoche, or hutche, h. p.)2 Cista, archa.or

HoLDYx'. Teneo. Holdyn', or wythe-holdyfi'.tinco, retineo.

De-

HooDE. HoDYD.

Capicium (cajnicium, p.)Capic.iatus.

HoLDYXGE.Holdy^nge.

Tenens.

Hoodyn'. HoDY^NGE.

Capncio

(^capicio, k.)

Tenax,

tencio,

cle-

Capiciatura.

tencio, retinencia, retencio.

HoGGE, swyne. Nefrendis, maialis, CATH. et c. F. Hee omnia ug.in frendere (yporcus, p.)

HoLE, or bore. Foramen. Hoole, or huske (hole, s. holl,Siliqua.

r.)

HooKEuncus.

(hoke,

K.

p.)

Hamus,

HooLE

of pesyn', or benys, or o])er

coddyd frute (hole of peson, orhuske, or codde, k. cod frute, p.)* Techa, cath. infresus.

HooKE

to hewe wode, or schrydynge (hoke to hev wyth woode,

" herne, a nook of land, projecting into another district, parish, or field." At Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled, there is a street called Cold-hirne street, vvhich traverses an angular piece of ground adjoining the contiuence of the Lyn and tlie Ouse. Ang.-Sax. hyrn, oijv.lv.s. Hyye, jis. The Winch. MS. agrees here in the reading " hyy," but it is cvident Ang.-Sax. hy5, portus. Hithe occurs in names of sea ports, that hyj>e is more correct. and even landing places on rivers, far from the coast. See Forliy's oljservations on this word. Exaniples are not wanting at Lynn, where a lazar-house is mentioned at the spot in the grant of Edw. VI. 1548, it is called Sechehithe, or called Setchliithe, in 1432 Oxburgli hithe is remote from the main the sedgy landing. Blomf. Norf. iv. 599. Woman hithe and Beek hithe occur near Cronier. ^ HuTCHE, Ms. By the alpliabetical arrangement, the reading, as given from Sir T. In the King's Coll. MS. the word is omitted. Pliillipps' MS. seems here to be correct. hereafter. Ang.-Sax. hwaicca, aira. See HUTCHE, 2 " Holle, cavv.s, natura concircvs, arle cavafus, inanis. An hollnes, cavitas.'''' cath.';

;

In Norfolk hoU is still coDimonly used. Ang.-Sax. hol, cavus. In the recipe for " blaunehe perreye " it is direeted to " sethe the pesyn in fyre leye," and then rub thcm with woollen cloth, and " J?e holys wyl a-\vay." Harl. MS.

ANG.*

PROMPTOniUM PARVULOUUM.

243

HooLE, or pyt yn another lyke (holc, or

liylle,

ors.)

erytli,

Holy. Sanctus, sacer. HoLY, heuei\]y. Celeb}'is, ua.

in celo.

Caverna,

c. f.

HooLE

of a schyppe (holle, k. p.)c. F.

Carina,

(HoLEN, or curen of sekenes,supracuro.)in

k.

s.

helen,

p.

Sano,or-

(Holily, p.) Sancte. HoLY", halwyd place (holyly halwyde places, s.) Asilum, c. f. HoLY HOKKE, or wyklc malowe (malwe, k. s.) Altea, malviscus. HoLYNESsE. Sanctitas, sanctimonia.

Holyn',

make

or boiyn' hoolys, p.)i

(hoolen,

Cavo, j^er-

HoLM, place be-sydone a watur(be-syde a water, s.yIlulnms.

foro, terehro.

Skinner derives tlie word from Ang.-Sax. helan, tegere. " Hull of a beane 279, f. 25. Hull or barcke of a tree, escorce." palsg. " Gomse, tlie huske, svvad, or pese, escosse. of beanes, pease," &c. coxn. cod, huU Gerarde says that Avena mula is called iii Norfolk and Sutfolk " unhulled otes." In the Craven dialect, the hull is the skin of a potatoe, or the liusk of a nut, and to hull signifies to peel off the husk of any seed in Hampshire the husk of corn is ternied the hull. " Follicula uvdntm, the huskes, hulles, or skinnes of grapes. Perkarpmm,folliculus,siliqua, the huske or liull, inclosing the seede." Junius' Nomenel. by Higins. ' "To hole, cavare, im-forare, d-c. uhi to tliyrle." cath. ang. " Palare, cavare,forare, Anglice to hole, or to bore." Equiv. John de Garlandia. "A.-S. holian, excavare. * The primary meaning of the Ang.-Sax. word Holni appears to lie water or ocean it iniplies also a river island, or a level meadow, especially near a stream. It is recorded in the Sax. Chron. A.D. 903, that a great fight occurred between the Kentish men and the Danes " set ^am Holme," but the precise locality has not been ascertained. Holm signifies also an elevated spot, as in the instance of the Steep-liolm, so called by way of distinction from the Flat-holm, islands in the mouth of the Severn. Leland, in his Comm. in Cygn. cant. (Itin. ix. 69,) would derive Dunolmus, Durham, from dune, a " Holme vero eniineniis loci, i/derdum ef hill, and holme, which he interprets thus sglvosi, ei aquis circumsfpti veriicem, cnit emineniiam exprimit." Bp. Kennett has " Homes, properly holms, whieb signified originaliy river-islands, the following remarks or green islands surrounded by running streams from a resemblance whereof meadows and pasture grounds are in some places ealled Homes. meadow by the late Abbey of St. Austin's, Canterbury, was commonly ealled North-homes and a flat pasture in Romney Marsh is yet called the Holmes, &c. An Holm, an island, Westm. hence HolmeMill-holms, watery places about a niill dam, from mill, and cultram, Holmby house, &c. Sax. holin, whieh signifies two things, as a hill or rising ground, and a green island, or from whence the name of many places almost surplace almost enclosed with water rounded with water, as Axholin, Evesholm, coiruptly Evesham, &c. The howmes, a green piecc of ground near Tiiirske in Yorkshire, lying between the rivcr Codbeck and the brook called Sewel." Lansd. MS. 103;j. In Lincolnshire, as especially near the Trent, the name is frequent as likewise in Norfolk, and in the vicinity of Lynn, and denotes both low pastures, and elevations of tiifling magnitude, but which were perhaps insulated, before drainiiig liad been effected. Simon Earl of Iluntingdon, who founded St. Andrew's Priory, Northampton, about T084, granted " tres dalos j)rati, et unum ;''"' and in the donation of H. de Pyiikeneye to Canons' Ashby, in 1298, he /mlnium bestowed ''' totam pccsturam iHam que vocai%ir le Huiles, c;k duohus holniis in campis Wedone et W^estone." Mon. Ang. i. 680, iii. 292.: ;: :

;

A

;

;

;

;

244

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.or holy.^ of

HoLME, HoLM,holm

a

Ulmus, Jmssns. sonde yn thc see

(hohies,

K. of a

vesselle

voyd

(holme of sownde in ]>e see, k. or sond of the see, harl. lus. 2274, of the sonde in the see,or hahn, supra,froet

wdthin, H. p.) HoLRYSCHE, or

p.)- Bitdlassiim, c. F. vel hulmus.

(HoLME,

infra

in STOBUL.)

HooLNEssEnesse, k.)

brekjnge (hola vessellc, or wvtlie-yn forthe

Concavitas. buh-ysche (hool ryschyn, k. holryschyne, harl. MS. 2274. )3 Fajnrus. Holsum. Saluher, salutiferus. HoLSUMNESSE. Salubritas. Holt, l)"tylle wode.^ Lucus, virgultum, vibranum.

Integritas.

HooME,HooMLY.5

or

dwelly(n)ge

place.

HoLOWNEssEotherl3'ke

of

Mancio.Farniliaris, domesticus.

Parkinson gives holm, as a name of tlie holly in the North it is ealled hollin. Ang.Sax. holen, aqv.ifolium. The Gloss on Gautier de Bibelesworth renders " hous, holyn." " liustvs est quedam arlor qve semper tenet vhidiiatem, Anylice a.holyn.^'' ortus. " An \\o\-^'n, Jmssus ; an holyn heY\, Iiussvvk'" cath. ang. It is said of St. Bernard, in the Golden Legend, tliat after he becanie Abbot of Clairvaux, " he often made his pottage with leues of holm." Sherwood gives " hollie, holme, or huluer tree, houx, housson, In Norfolk the holly is calied hulver, according to Forby. mesplier sauvar/e.'''' Compare:

HULWUR,^

tre, hereafter.

" Jiiialassum. a ])laee \>er two sees rennen." med. In the WicHffite version, Dedis " And wlian \ve fellen into a place of gravel gon al aboute xxvii. 41 is thus rendered v\ij) J^e see {locv.m dilhulaasim., Vulg.) ]>ei hurtleden J>e ship." Holni seems here to denote the peniiisula, or accumulation of alluvial deposit formed at a contluence of waters. It is, however, remarkable tliat the name does not appear to be thus applied on the Norfolk coast, especially in tlie neighbourhood of Lynn, where the Promptorium was compiled, and where such deposits are made to a vast extent by the Ouse, and other streams that fiow into tlie Wash. ^ Tliis name seems to be derived from Ang.-Sax ho\,cavus, and risc, juncus ; but as the Scir-fvs kicvstris, Linn. comnionly called bull-rush, has not a hollow but a spongy stem, the proper intention of tiie term is obscure. * " Holt, a wood. It is yet used lor an orchard, or any place of trees, as a cherryliolt, an apple-holt, Bunelm. Isl. hollte, salebra:.'''' Bp. Kennett, Lansd. MS. 1033. Skinner says that holt denotes a grove, or multitude of trees planted tliick together, and Tooke asserts that it is the p. part of Ang.-Sax. helan, to cover, and signifies a rising ground or knoll covered witli trees. Tlie word occurs in Cant. T. Prol. iine 6 Launfal, tsc. Among the benefactions of John Hotliam, Bp. Ely, it Lydgate's Thebes is recorded that in 1320 he appropriated, for the distribution of alnis on liis anniversary, " tenemehium vocatum Lythgates, ei Barkeres, cum qvodam abieto vocato Lythgates holt.'' Hist. Elien. Ang. Sacra, i. 643. "Holte, a lytell vvoode, 2^(tit hoys." palsg. " Touffe de hois, a hoult, a tuft of trees growing neere a house, and serving for a marke or grace iinto the seat thereof.'' cotg. See Jamieson. In nnmes of places it is of occasional occurrence, as the Holt, a wood near Havant, Hants; Knocli-holt wood, near Tenterden, Kent and in Norfolk, according to Forby, a small grove, or plantation, is called a holt, as nut-holt, osier-holt, gooseben^-holt, &c. Ang.-Sax. liolt, lucus. * In the complaint of the Ploughman, t. Edw. III., given by Foxe, under the year " He that forsaketh the charge of 1360, the following version is cited of i. Tim. v. 8 tliilke that bcn honielich wilh him {suorifia, et maxinie domesticorum, Vulg.) hath for:

;

;

;

:

PROMPTOniUM PAKVULORUM.

245byyndyngecirciilus,

(HoMLiMAN, or woman,

k.

Do-

HooPE,K.)

vcsselle

(hoi^e,

viesticus, domestica, familiaris.^

Cuneus,

dicc.

HoMLY,HooNE,COS,

or

yn homly maner.barbaiys

Do

HooPYN,' orvesselle.

settyii'

hoopys on a

mestice, familiaritev.

Cuneo.trustyii', or

instrument.

HorE.

Sjies.

KYLW.

et

DICC.

Hopyn', or

soposyii'.

HoNY.

HoNY HoNYin

Mel. cooM (honycom, k.) Favus. socLE. Apiago, ug. v.(locusta, a.)

Estimo, spero, cath. arhitror. HoppE, sede for beyre (bere,K. p.)i

Hummulus, secundum

A.

extraneos.

saken his fayth, and is worse than a misbeleued man :" (in the Wicliffite version " his owne, and moost of his household raen.") Here, and in Gral. v. 10, Wicl. version the word seems to be used precisely in the sense given to it in the Promptorium ; but it " Homely, famylier, through a denotes also familiar, by acquaintance, aud presuming. quaynted, /au7ie?'. Homelynesse, priuaulte. Homely, saucye, to perte, mulapert." PALSG. Horman says that " homelynesse {fiducia) comynge of a true harte, is a maner of vertue," where it seems to imply familiar contidence and he uses the word also as " He was homely with her, or had to do with her." follows It should seem that the eala, or swatan of the Anglo-Saxons, were not compounded with any bitter condiraent, which was essential to the concoction of beer, a drink of Flemish or German origin, and until the XVIth cent. imported from the Continent or brewed by foreigners only in this country. The Promptorium gives bere cervisia hummuliiia, as distinguished from ale, vvhich was not hopped Caxton, in the Boke for Travellers, speaking of drinks, makes the distinction, " Ale of England, Byre of Alemayne " and it appears by the Customs of London, Arnold's Chron. 87, that beer was first made in London by " byere brewars, straungers Flemyngis, Duchemen " &e. a recipe for making single beer with malt and hops is given, p. 247. It has been asserted that the use of hops was forbidden by Hen. VI. in consequence of a petition of the Commons, mentionod by FuUer, in his Worthies, under Essex, against " the wicked weed called hops " but no record of the prohibition has been found, and the petition does not appenr on the RoUs of Parliament. In the time of Hen. VIII. some prejudice seems to have arisen regarding their use, for among the articles for the reform of sundry misuscs in the royal household, 1531, is an injunction to the brewer not to put any hops or brimstone into the ale. Archteol. iii. 157. Hops, called in Dutch Iloppe, Germ. Hopften were introduced into England from Artois, between 10 and 15 Hen. VIII. as affirmed in Stowe's Chron. about the time of the expedition against Tournay. Bullein in the " Bulwarke of Defence," written about 1550, speaks of hops as growing in Sufiolk. They are mentioned in the stat. 5 and 6 Edw. VI. c. 5, 1552, as cultivated in England Stat. of Realm, iii. 135. Among the privileges conceded to the strangers from the Low Countries, who settled at Stamford, 1572, is a clause regarding the free exercise of husbandry, in which are speciiied hops, and all tliings necessary to gardens. Strype, Life of Parker, App. 115. Tlie management of hops was quickly acquired, as appears by the instructions given by Tusser, in March'3 and June's husljandry, published 1557. See also the Treatise by Reyn. Scott, 1574 ; and Harrison's Deser. of liritain Holinsh. i. 110. The remarks of Leonard Mascall in his Art of Planting, under the bead of " certeyne Dutch practises," p. 85, edit. 1592, are detailed, and curious and he appears to have been conversant with the raethod adopted in Flanders. The stat. 1 Jac. I. c. 18, against the deterioration of hops, shows that a largo quantity was still supplied in 1603 from foreign parts. See Beckman's Hist. of Invontions, iv. 325, and Culluiu^s Hawsted, 202,; : ' ; ;

;

;

;

246

PROMPTORIUM PARVULORUM.of flax (hooppe, seed

HooPE, sede

spurius,

spima, pelignus, pek.)

Sinoduhim, liaodium, KYLw. (limidulum, p.)or flax, s.y

ligna (pelinus, p.)

HooRD,

Hoppyn' asothor lyke.

fleys,

or froscbys, or

tresowre (horde, Thesaurus, herarium.infrain

Scdio.

(HooRDHOWSE,SOWRIE.)

tre-

Hoppyn', or skyiDpyn', infm (or dawnsen, k. p.) Scdto.

HoRE, ATomafi

(hoore, h. p.)

Me-

HoppYNGE, or skyjipynge.tacio.

Scd-

retrix {pelix, p.)

HoREHOwsE, supraof a mylle, or a tramaleDEiiLE.

HopuR

in B. bor{Lupanar, fornix, p.)s.

s.)^ Taratantcwa, CATH. farricapsinm, dicc. HopuR of a seedlepe (or a seedlepe, HARL. Ms. 2274.) Sa-

(tramel,

HoEEL,

or bullowre (hollowr,p.)*leno,

hulour,cantor,(lecatoi',

Forniccdor, lirivcdis, mechus,licantrix,s.

fornicatrix,k.ncdis, p.)

mechacori-

torium, saticidum, UG. v. in S. Manzer, HoRcop, bastarde.3

leciatrix,

'

Tliis obsolete appellation of linseed

occurs in the gloss on G. de Bibelesworth.

"

Du

De

lyn av.eret le hoceaus (hoppen,) canlre auerez les cordeus (ropes.)"

Arund. MS. 220,is

f.

299,

b.

In the Liher vocatus femina,

MS.

Trin. Coll. Cant. this passage

givcn as

follosvs.

" Ore alez h semer v're bjnois, Now go^ to sow jour flex.

Qar de hjnois vous airez lez husceaux, For of fiex 30 haue Jjyje hoppes."

The Ortuscoriius,'^

gives " aimnn est noraen herhe, ache, or hoppe; " and in the interpretations by Master Creotfrey of Joh. de Garland. de Equiv. occur '' Corna, fructus corrd, hoppe

:

quidam

arhor, Iioppe tre,

'ut

quidam

dicuiit.^''

" An hopyr, /crjvra/Ma, est moleudiiii; saticulum, saium, seminarium..^' cath. ang. The proper distinction is here made between the hopper, or the trough wherein the grainis put in order to be ground, nientioned by Chaucer, Reve's T. 4009, so termed from the hopping movement given to it, and the seed-leep, which was also called a hopper. " Hopper of a niyll, p, ius of her leeues, })e been shalt not goo a-way; Hardyng says \>e housbondes kepe her swarmes in tyme of yere by suche anoyntynge." of the taxation imposed by Rufus, which sorely oppressed the commons,seuentii sygne, the stones shal

"

A

kyng woteth not what harmeth housbandrye, Housbande to pill and taxe outrageously.'"

Chron.

c.

125.

*

husband, edituus, iconimus, incola, 2Mte/-familias.'''' catii. ang. a good housbande {mesnaigier), for I herde hym beate with his hamer to daye afore Husbande, a thriuyng man, mes/iair/ier. Husbandes house in the foure of y*^ clocke. Ang.-Sax. hus-bonda, domvs mayister. countre, or maner place, metayrie." palsg. ^ ^' Squarus, quidam piscis; et diciiur a squanid, quia squamis acutus sit, unde et Pennant states that the rough skin of the Squalm ejus cute Hgiium jiolitur.'" cath. squatina, Linn. or Angel shark, was used by the ancients to polish vvood and ivory, according to Pliny, ix. c. 12; and that in Eiigland the skin of the greater dog-fish, catfish, or bounce, Squalus ca/iicula, Linn. called in French roussete, is applied to the same purpose. Zool. iii. pp. 87, 99. This last appears to be the species here called Palsgrave gives " husse, a fysshe, rousette ;'' and Cotgrave explains the huske. " Sc/uatina, a soole fysshe with a roughe roussit to be "a liltle i-uddie dog-fish." Iu N. Britain skynne, wberewith fletchers doo make theyr arrowes smoothe." elyot. the Ciiclopterus lumpus, Linn. the lump, or sea-owl, is called hush-paddlc, iu Germ. see-haess, lepiis marinv.s. See Jamieson, Compare Teut. hesse, catus.is

An

" This smythe

;

PROMrTOUlUM rARVLTLORUM.Huspylyn', orH.)ispoylyii' (spolyyn,

255whyche, suprain

(HuTCHE, orH0CHE.3

Spoiio, dispolio.(or

Cista, a7'cha.)

HusTYLMENT

hameys, or

linr-

dyce, snjira.y Utensile, supeikx.

HuswYFE. Materfamilias. HuswYFERY. Yconomia. HuGE, or grete. Magnus.

Iagge,

or dagge of a gaitneiit.*Fractillosus.

Fractillus, cath.

Iaggyd, or daggyd.

'

To

huspil, in the dialect of Shropshire, signifies to disorder, destroy, or

knock about.

See Hartshorne's Salopia. In old Freneh iKu.tjwuiUier, or hmyailleur, implies a thievish marauder, " komine qid vole les (/ens de la caiujiagiie, vagahond.^' roquef. '^ S'hoii.spi.ller l\in Vautre, to tug, lug, hurry, tear one another," &c. COXG. Conipare gaspiller, which, according to Menage, has the same origin. * " Sujjpellectilia, hustelraent." med. This term is used in the original MS. by the " Thou slialt anoynt of it the first hand, in Bodl. Libr. of the earlier Wicliffite version tabernacle, &c. and the candelstik, and the hustilmentis of it (utensilia, Vulg.)" E.xod. XXX. 28. It occurs in several documents connected witli the Eastern Counties. Joanna, relict of Sir T. Hemgrave, made, about 1421, a vvill under constraint of her second husband, devising to him personal effects and a sum of money, " 1150 marcs, with other jewel and hostelment that were mine other husbands goods and mine,'' as stated in her protest. Hist. of Hengrave, 93. John Hakone of Wyneton makes the following devise in 1437; "I wyll tliat alle ncces^iaries and hustylments longyng to myn hovvsehold, that is to sey, to halle, chaumbyr, and kecliene be disposed to the;

use of my wife." Norwich Wills, Hari. MS. 10, f. 267. In the Paston Letters, ii. 26, are mentioned " gonnes, crossebows, and quarells, and alle other hostelments to the maneur (of Caistor) beloiiginge.'" 1469, 9 Edw. IV. In 1492 Robert Parker bequeaths to his wife all his " hostiliaments, utenselys, and jowellys, to his house pertaining." Cullum's Hawsted, 17. The word seems to be taken from the old Fr. " Outillemens, stuffe, movables, household furniture, or impleoustillement, roquef. ments." cotg. 3 Sir John Maundevile says of the Ark of the Testimony, " that arke, or hucche, with the relikes, Tytus ledde with him to Rome, whan he had scomfyted alle theJewes." Voiage, p. 102. By Chaucer the word is written " wiche." Caxton, in the Boke for Travellers, says of household stuff, " these thinges set ye in your whutche (Jmche) your jewellis in your forcier, that they be not stolen." " Archa, a whycche, or cheste a arke, and a cofyre. Archula, a lytelle whycche. Ciliutum, a mete whycclie. " Hutche, a chest, cofre, huche." palsg. Cista, a whycche." MED. Ang.-Sax.;

hwfficca, arca.* Fractillus is explained in the Catholicon to be " cauda vel fragmen panni fi.^si cauda oruatus pendens ex inferiori parie : fractillus dicitur etiam mllus iti tapeto vel alid veste villosd." Horman says, " he hath a pleasure in geagged elothynge, lasciniosa veste and Palsgrave gives " I iagge or cutte a garment, ie chicquette, ie deschicquette, ie descoiqipe. I iagge nat my hoson for thrifte, but for a bragge. He is outher a landed man, or a:''''

foole y' cutteth his garments. lagge, a cuttyng, chicquetare. If I iagge my cappe, thou hast naught to do.'' This strange fashion, which, as it has been observed in the note on the word dagge, prevailed during the reign of Rich. II. was not disused even in the XVIth eent. It is particularly notieed by Hardyng, who states that it was described to him by the clerk of Ricliard^s housebold.

" Cut werke was greate both jioth in mennes hoddis and

in

court and tounes,

aiso in their gounes."

Chron.

c.

193.

256Iay, byrde.

PROMTTOHirM PARVULORTTM.Gracidus, nt diciturc. f.

Iamys, propyr name.

secundum communem scolam, sedcontrarium dicitut patet

Iaxgelere.imlus,c. F.

Garndator,garrula,of

Jacobus. gardicax,

cath.

infra in roke, biyde; vel forte est equivocum : garridus, c. f. Iaylere, or gayler. Ergaster,

loquax.fulle

Iangelere,

wordys.

KYLW. carcerarius. Iakke of defence, gannentfence, s.)i

Semivei'hius, va. in sereno. Langelyn', or iaveryn' (iaberyn,p.)2

(iak of

Ga(r)rulo,

blatero,

c.

f.

Baltheus.

garrio, cath. relatro, ug.

account of the defensive armour ealled a jack is given by Sir S. Meyrick, in on ancient military garnienta worn in England, Archseol. xix. '224-. Mention of it occurs as early as 1375, in the will of Thos. de Hemenhale, who devises " v.num iakke de 'ruhio worstede." Transcripts from Norwich Registers, Harl. MS. 10. Walsingham relates that Wat Tyler's mob, in the saek of Jolin of Gaunt's palace at the Savoy, 1381, found " vestvinentum precivsissimum ipsius, qwale lacke vocamus.^'' Camd. It is mentioned in the will of Henry Snayth, clericm, 1380 ; " Lego duas p. 249. loricas ferreas, dv.as bacinetts cum ventall', et duas iakkys coopertas cum fust'; " and in 1391, Margery, widow of Sir Will. de Aldeburgh, bequeaths to her son " uiium dvplum cum loricd inttrius opertum ci:m rirbeo correo caprce. Item, uiiurn iak defenciom^ opertum nigro velveto." Test. Ebor. i. 113, 150. Sir S. Meyriek qufstions the authority of Nieofs definition that the jaek was an habiliment stuffed with cottou ; in the Catholieon Ang. however, written 1483, is given " a iakke, bomhiciuium." Towards the close of the XVth cent. a less cumbersouie defence of a similar nature, termed a jacket, was more in use. Palsgrave gives " iacke, harnesse, iacq, ia.cque: iacket, seion : iacket without sleues, kocqueton : iacket that liath but four quarters, Caxton says in the Boke for Travellers, " Donaas tbe doblet makor hath iacquette.'''' performed my doublet and my iaquet, mon ^^ourpainte ei rnon paltocque." In the accounts of the Lestrange faniily, 1532, are the following entries " Item, paid for ij. pownd of twyn for the iaeks, Item, paid for iij. elnes of canvas for y'' iack. Item, Item, paid for paid to the taylour for the wurkmanshippe of iij. iacks, ix.*. iv,t. twyn for jour iacks. Item, paid to Matthew Smith (or the smith) for ma