Pula Imvula Oktober 2013 Zulu - Grain SA Home · PULA IMVULA >> GROWING FOOD ... UKUKHIQIZA THE MAIZE TRUST O kuyiyona m ﬁ hlo yokulima okuyimpumele-lo ukuhlela. ... inya ukudlula

Sesifikile leso sikhathi somklomelo

WOMFAMA WONYAKA

UOKTHOBA2013

Isizini yokutshala isifi kile: Masishone khona!03

Ukukhiqizwa kanye nenzuzo yesoya njengomthombo wokudla

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Okubaluleke kakhulu ngezicheleli – izingalamanzi kanye namanozili

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PULAPULAIMVULAIMVULA>> GROWING FOOD >> GROWING PEOPLE >> GROWING PROSPERITY >>

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Ukulima, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni, kunzima ngempela. Kudinga ube nolwazi oluningi, ukuzethemba kanye

nesibindi. Ukuba wumlimi wezinhlamvu kune-

zinselelo eziningi kakhulu, ngoba usebenza

ngaphandle (hhayi ngaphansi kophahla), une-

zindleko eziphezulu, ubhekene nezinselelo ze-

somiso, izikhukhula, imililo kanye nesichotho,

ekugcineni kwakho konke akunanzuzo etheni.

Uma ungumfama osathuthusa ubhekana nazo

zonke lezi zinselelo nezinye ezingaphezulu. Ka-

nti-ke amafama enzuzo wona ayakwazi ukuse-

benzisa ulwazi lweminyaka asebenalo kulelo

pulazi. Ngeshwa amafama ‘amasha’ wona kume-

le aziphathele konke ngaphandle kokuthola usizo,

baqhudelane nezwekazi lonke ukuze izilimo zabo

zithengiswe ngamanani ezimakethe zezwe.

SingabakwaGrain SA, sinoHlelo loku Thuthu-

kisa amaFama onhlosongqangi yalo “Kunguku-

thuthukisa amafama omdabu ane khono alima

izinhlamvu, futhi sifake nesandla ekuvikelekeni

Incwadi yeGrain SA yabalimi abasakhulayo

Funda Ngaphakathi:

Pula Imvula_Oktober_2013_Zulu.indd 1Pula Imvula_Oktober_2013_Zulu.indd 1 2013/09/25 09:41:31 AM2013/09/25 09:41:31 AM

Inyanga ka-Okthoba ingaba ngenye yezinyanga ezinhle onyakeni (uma nje kube nezimvula zasentwasahlobo), kepha ngeshwa ivame ukuba ngenye yezinyanga ezinzima kakhulu uma kumele

kondliwe imfuyo emvakokudlula kwamakhaza asebusika. Ngisho noma ngabe imvula ibe khona, kodwa-ke utshani busuke bungakakhuli ngokwanele ukuze imfuyo ikwazi ukudla. Utshani basemadlelweni busazacile. Yiso-ke lesi sikhathi lapho umfana kumele ame ngazo zombili abone ukuthi imfuyo yakhe inokudla okwanele.

Kuningi okumele kwenziwe ngaphambi ko-kutshalwa kwesilimo. Umhlaba kumele uqhaqhwe (kususwe ileya eligqishelene lomhlabathi), bese usetshenzwa ngedisc noma ityne implement ukuze kuphulwe amagabade. Lesi sinyathelo sivame ukula-ndelwa yishallow tyne operation ukuze kulungiselelwe umbhede wembewu eqaqene, emanzi futhi engenalo ukhula.

Enye yezinselelo zokulinywa kwesilimo ukutshala isilimo ngesikhathi esifanele (optimal time).

Izinsuku zokutshalaLapha ngezansi yithebula elikhombisa izinsuku zoku-tshala, ezilungele ukutshala kanye nezinsuku okume-le kugcinwe/kuphezwe ngazo ukutshala. Kubalulekile ukuba sizijwayeze ukutshala ngezikhathi ezilungele ukutshala kunokuba sizame ukutshala zonke izilimo lapho sekusondele isikhathi sokupheza ukulima. Kune zinto ezimbalwa okumele zenziwe ngaphambi kokutshala (ukuthila okusezingeni eliphansi kubanda-kanya iripping, idiscing kanye nokulungiswa kombhede wembewu). Isivuno esilindelwe siba siningi uma kula-ndelwe ngononinco izinsuku lezi ezilungele ukutshala.

Uma unethemba lokuvuna isilimo esihle, uya-celwa ukuba ubheke isikhathi esifanele soku tshala – lokhu kungenza umehluko omkhulu kakhulu esivunwe ni ongasilindela.

Ugogo Jane uthi...kokudla ezweni ngokusebe nzisa ngendlela

eyongayo zonke izinsiza zemvelo umfama

ngamunye anazo”. Sikho lwa ukuthi njengoba

inani labantu emhlabeni landa, kumele sihla-

le njalo sivule amehlo sazi izinguquko zayo

yonke imikhakha yempilo yesimanjemanje.

Kumele futhi sizwisise ukuthi akusiwo wonke

umuntu ongakwazi ukuba nepulazi elikhulu

elingenisa inzuzo (ngoba umhlaba kwawona

awumkhulu ngokwanele).

Ohlelweni lwethu, siyazama ukusiza

noma ngubani ofuna ukuthuthukisa izindlela

zakhe zokulima ukuze akwazi ukukhiqiza

kangconywana emhlabeni lowo anawo.

Sisebenza namafama anomhlaba obuncane

bawo bungangehektha eli-1, kanye nalawo

mafama anomhloba obukhulu bawo bunga-

mahektha eqile ku-1 000. Uma sizokwazi

ukondla isizwe, isiqephu nesiqephu somhla-

ba kumele sisetshenziswe futhi sithele.

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, umse-

benzi wepulazi unzima ngakho-ke sesi-

bonile ukuthi kubalulekile ukuqhubeka njalo

ngokugqugquzele abantu ukuthi ukuhlale

njalo bezama bangadangali. Kumele futhi si-

khombise nentsha ukuthi ukulima akusiwo

umsebenzi onzima nje kuphela kepha uyayi-

ngenisi nzuzo yize unzima. Ukuze sikhombise

isasasa futhi sigqugquzele labo abango-

somapulazi, sinomncintiswano woMfama

woNyaka emazingeni amathathu ahlukene

– yilabo abakhiqiza amahektha angaphansi

kwayishumi (subsistence), labo abakhiqiza

izinhlamvu emahektheni ayishumi kufi kela

kumathani ayi-250 unyaka nonyaka (small-

holder), nalabo abathathwa njengamafama

enzuzo. Funda kabanzi ngabathathi ngxe-

nye kuPula/Imvula yale nyanga. Kulo nyaka

sizoba nosuku lwethu lokugubha ngomhla

ka-17 Okthoba eMangaung.

Sethulela isigqoko abasebenze kanzima

ukumelana nezinqinamba abaye babhekene

nazo endleleni yabo. Laba bathathi ngxenye

bomncintiswano benze imizamo emikhulu

ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu baseNingizimu

Afrika banokudla okwanele nsuku zonke.

Asibancomi nje kuphela, kepha siyababonga

futhi ngenxa yemizamo yabo – ngaphandle

kwenu ngabe asinakudla! Siyaziqhenya nga-

ni ngoba nisigcina siphokophelele phambili

njengamafama asafufusa.

2

I-athikhili ibhalwe nguJane McPherson,uMphathi woHlelo lweGrain SA lokuThuthukiswa kwamaFama. Uma ufuna imininingwane egcwele thumela i-imeyili [email protected].

UMFAMA WONYAKA

Sesifikile leso sikhathi somklomelo woMfama woNyaka

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Pula Imvula_Oktober_2013_Zulu.indd 2Pula Imvula_Oktober_2013_Zulu.indd 2 2013/09/23 12:37:55 PM2013/09/23 12:37:55 PM

MADE POSSIBLE BY

THE MAIZE TRUSTUKUKHIQIZA

Okuyiyona mfi hlo yokulima okuyimpumele-lo ukuhlela. Kubalulekile ukuhleleka futhi ube nesu elicacile ngalokhu ozo kwenza.

Ngakho-ke cabangisisa kahle ngezi nhlelo zesizini entsha uphinde ucabange nemibuzo ozoyibuza ongcweti basekhaya bezolimo ukuze ugweme amaphutha angakudla izindodla zezimali futhi achithe nesikhathi esibalulekile sokutshala.

Khumbula ukuthi ummbila udinga amanzi aphakathi kuka-450 kuya ku-600 wamamilimitha isizini nga yinye. Kuzothi lapho usukhulile khona isitshalo ngasinye sizobe simunce amanzi an-gango-250 wamamilimitha noma inkomishi eyo-dwa egcwele. Wonke lawa manzi awumswaka-ma otholakala emhlabathini. Imilimitha ngalinye lamanzi likhiqiza u-15 kg wenhlamvu kanti lapho sesikhulile icembe eliphelele lingadlula isquare meter sesitshalo nga sinye.

Sazi kanjani ukuthi imbewu kumele itshalwe ngokujule kangakanani na?Uma sitshala imbewu siyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukujula kwayo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqinise-kisa ukuthi imbewu yommbila itshalwa ngendlela eqinisekisa ukuthi ithintana nomhlabathi ngo-kwanele. Izimbewu kumele zicindezelwe phakathi emhlabathini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zimunca u-30% wesisindo sazo emanzini ngoba lokhu kwenza isi-tshalo sikhule masinya.

Futhi-ke uma zitshalwe kahle, izimbewu zi-kwazi ukumila izimpando ezingamanodi ezi-qinile. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukujula kwembewu kuyafana embhedeni wonke wembewu. Lokhu kukhula kwezimpande za-manodi kumele ngokujwayelekile kuqale ku-2 cm ngaphansi kolayini womhlabathi. Izimpande za-manodi zisebenza ukweseka isitshalo sommbila, kanti futhi yizona ezisiza ukumunca iningi lamanzi kanye namanyuthriyenti azodingwa isitshalo sommbila impilo yaso yonke. Ngakho-ke ukumila kwezimpande zenodi ezinhle esigabeni sokuqala yiyona mfi hlo yokunciphisa i-early root lodging, kanti kuzosiza nesitshalo sommbila ukumelana nengcindezi yesomiso.

Ukutshala imbewu yommbila ekujuleni okufanelekile

buka-4 cm kuya ku-5 cm kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi izim-

pande zamanodi ziqala ukumila ngaphansi kolayini

womhlabathi. Uma imbewu itshalwe yangajula im-

bewu, ingaholela ekumileni kwezimpande zamanodi

kuwo ulayini womhlabathi noma nje ngaphezulu

kwawo. Amanye amafama anokwenza iphutha loku-

cabanga ukuthi imbewu yommbila etshalwe yanga-

jula izoqhuma ma sinya. Ososayensi bona benze

ucwaningo olukho mbisa ukuthi le nkolelo ayilona

iqiniso. Ucwaningo lwabo luveze ukuthi imbewu

etshalwe ekujuleni kuka-4 cm iqhume yavela mas-

inya ukudlula leyo etshalwe ku-2 cm wokujula. Ume-

hluko kusivinini sokuqhuma yingenxa yokuhlangana

nomhlabathi okungcono ekujuleni kuka-5 cm lapho

amazinga omswakama womhlabathi asimeme.

Omunye umthelela yizinga lokushisa lomhlabathi

okuma ngazayo ukuthi lithe ukuba phezudlwana

ekujuleni kuka-5 cm ngoba ‘ivalelekile’ (umhlabathi

ufana nengubo) – ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwesizini

ngenkathi ilanga lingashisi kakhulu.

Ngabe ngesiphi isikhathi esifanele ukutshala ummbila?Izilimo zommbila zisebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-

langa ngokonga, kanti futhi zidla ubhedu ekuguqu-

leni amandla elanga. Zidonsa amandla elanga

ziwaguqule abe yizinhlamvu. UJ du Plessis we-ARC

Grain Crops Institute uthi lapho sezikhulile, aman-

dla asetshenziswa yisitshalo esisodwa silingana

no-8 293 x 15 watts wamalambu kagesi ngehora

elilodwa.

Ummbila yisilimo sezimvula zasehlobo kanti asivu-nwa ezindaweni lapho amazinga okushisa ansuku zonke angaphansi kuka-19°C. Izinga eliphansi im-bewu yommbila engamila ngaphansi kwalo u-10°C kepha amazinga okushisa afanelekile u-16°C kuya ku-18°C. Ummbila uyazwela kakhulu yisithwathwa kanti udinga indawo engenasithwathwa izinsuku ezibalelwa kwezi-120 kuya ku-140, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokutshala kumele sicatshangisiswe ku-bhekwe nobungozi besithwathwa esiza kamuva sibe sesidlulile. Ngesikhathi lapho imbewu isamila ngaphansi komhlabathi isithwathwa asivamile ukuba nobungozi esitshalweni ngoba amacembe amasha asengamila. Uma isilimo sitshalwe emva-kwesikhathi, isithwathwa sakuqala lapho sekuso-ndele ihlobo singenza ubungozi obukhulu futhi sibe nomthelela omubi esigabeni sokugcwala kohlamvu okunciphisa isivuno kakhulu.

Izinhlobo ezihlukile zamahybrid ezimbewu zinezikhathi ezihlukile zokukhula kanti lokhu kuba yithuluzi elihle lamafama. Uma isizini yokutshala ibambezelekile okuholela kusizini emfushane, amafama anganquma ukushintshela embewini efi nyelela ekukhuleni ngokwesiqu masinya ukuze isitshalo sikhule ngaphambi kokuqala kwesi-thwathwa.

Ukuhlela isigaba sama-input kanye nomkhiqizo kubaluleke kakhulu uma uhlelo lwakho lokulima lu-zoba nesasasa. Amafama awanamandla phezu kwamazinga okushisa kanti futhi awanamandla phezu kwezimakethe namanani, kepha banama-ndla ekutheni bawasebenzisa kanjani ama-inputs nokuthi isilimo siphathwa kahle kanjani.

IrefrensiU-du Plessis, J. 2003. Maize Production. iDi-rectorate Agricultural Information Services with ARC-Grain Crops Institute, UMnyango weZoli-mo, ePitoli, eNingizimu Afrika.

Isizini yokutshala isifikile: Masishone khona!

Qala ngokuhlela bese uya-lungiselela – usungatshala. Qiniseka ngezinyathelo ohlele ukuzithatha futhi ulungele uku-qhubekela phambili ngokutsha-la isilimo sakho esisha masisha lapho isikhathi kanye nezimo ezinhle zokulima zivela.

I-athikhili ibhalwe nguJenny Mathews, umbhali wePula/Imvula. Uma ufuna imininingwane egcwele ungathumela i-imeyili [email protected].

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BY OPOT UKUKHIQIZWA KWESOYA

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Ukukhiqizwa kanye nenzuzo yesoya njengomthombo wokudla Isitshalo sesoya siwela ngaphansi kwe

‘Gycine max’ embusweni wezitshalo kanti sivame ukubizwa njengesilimo somhlola.

Ukukhiqizwa kwesitshalo sembewu yesoya

kuseyiwona mkhiqizo wembewu kawoyela

okubaluleke kakhulu lapha emhlabeni.

Umkhiqizo kwazwelonke wembewu kawoyelaIdatha yomkhiqizo kazwelonke yonyaka ka-2011

ikhombisa ukuthi isoya yongamela ngo-56%

ekukhiqizweni kwembewu kawoyela amametric

tons ayi-452,5 izigidi. Ukuyicacisa kahle le nda-

ba inombolo lena ithi u-452 500 000 wamametric

tons.

Ezinye zezilimo zembewu kawoyela

ezinomthelela kulo mkhiqizo ku-MMT zinjena:

irapeseed efaka kuyo icanola 60,80 ku-13%,

imbewu kakotini 46,60 ku-10%, imbewu kabhe-

kilanga 38,90 ku-9%, amakinati 35,50 ku-8%,

ipalm kernel 13,40 ku-3% nembewu yecopra

5,80 ku-1%.

Umkhiqizo kwazwelonke wesoyaIdatha yonyaka ka-2011 ikhombisa uku-

thi isamba sokukhiqizwa kwesoya umhlaba

wonke jikelele esiwu-251,50 MMT ngezwe

ngalinye sinjena: iMelika u83,2 ku33%, IBhra-

zili u-72,0 ku-29%, iAjenthina u-48,0 ku-19%,

iChina u13,5 ku-5%, iNdiya u11,0 ku-4%,

iParaguay u-6,4 ku-3%, iKhanada u-4,2 ku-2%

nezinye u-13,1 ku-5%.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezwelonke kukawoyela wemifi no Idatha yonyaka ka-2011 ikhombisa ukuthi

ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela wemifi no ku-

MMT kuhamba kanjena: iPalm oil u-49,6 ku-

33%, isoya u-42,6 ku-28%, irapeseed u-23,2

ku-15%, ubhekilanga u-12,9 ku-9%, imbewu

kakotini u-5,2 ku-3%, amakinati u-5,2 ku-3%

napalm kernel engu-5,1 ku-3%, ikhokhonathi

u-3,9 ku-3% kanye ne-olive oil u-3,0 ku-2%.

Umkhiqizo waseNingizimu AfrikaLezi zinombolo ezingenhla zomkhiqizo zi-

siza ukubeka umkhiqiza waseNingizimu

Afrika wesoya endaweni efanele. INingizimu

Afrika ngenye yamazwe angama-5- akhiqiza

isoya.

Ngesizini edlule iNingizimu Afrika ikhiqize

amathani angama-800,000 noma ngamanye

amagama ikhiqize u-800 wamametric tons.

Lesi yisibalo esincane uma siqhathaniswa

nomkhiqizo kazwelonke. Enanini lika-R4 700

ithani ngalinye lokhu kusho inzuzo ka-R3 760

wezigidi noma u-R3,76 wamabhiliyoni ama-

randi. Ngokwelizwekazi lethu wumnikelo othe

xaxa kwezolimo kanye nasezwekazini lethu

lonke.

Ukuhweba ngamaqebelengwane kawoyelaUmkhiqizo wamanje wesoya waseNingizimu

Afrika awukho mningi ngokwanele ukumelana

nezidingo zeNingizimu Afrika zeqebelengwane

likawoyela wesoya, okuyiby-product ebaluleke

kakhulu yemboni ekhama imbewu yesoya.

Iqebelengwane likawoyela wesoya yingxenye

ebalulekile futhi ebucayi yokudla kwemfuyo

embonini yemfuyo. Kanti futhi iwumthombo

omuhle wephrotheni ekudleni kwezingulube,

izinkukhu, izinkomazi zobisi kanye nezinkomo.

Amareshini esiko aqukethe ukudla kwezinhlanzi.

Kusemahlombe omfama wa -

se Ningizimu Afrika ukuba

enze ucwaningo olunzulu

ngezindlela ezisetshenzi -

s wayo ukukhiqiza isoya ukuze

kukhushulwe isivuno sika-

zwelonke. Ngokwenzenjalo

amafama ethu azokwazi uku-

qhubeka ngokufaka isandla

ngalesi silimo esibalulekile

kulelizwekazi lethu njengo-

kunye kokudla okuzosiza

eku vikelekeni kokudla ngoku

zayo.


5

MADE POSSIBLE

BY OPOTUKUKHIQIZWA KWESOYA

5

MADE POSSIBLE

BY OPOTUKUKHIQIZWA KWESOYA

5

I-athikhili ibhalwe ngumfama osethathe umhlalaphansi.

Lo mkhiqizo usesimeni esibucayi kanti futhi usubiza kakhulu njengomthombo wephrotheni wamareshini emfuyo abiza u- R11 900 00 ithani ngalinye.

INingizimu Afrika ihweba ngo-900,00 wama-metric tons eqebelengwane likawoyela ngo nyaka esambeni senani lokuhweba elingamarandi ayi-4 amabhiliyoni. Uma kwenzeka irandi lehla lifi ka ku-R10,00 uma liqhathaniswa nedola lase-Melika kusho ukuthi imali yamazwe angaphandle edinge kayo izoqhubekela phambili ikhuphuke njalo. Ngakho-ke amafama asengakwazi uku-khiqiza inani elengeziwe lesoya. Kepha-ke noma kunjalo akunamandla anele okukhama imbewu yesoya ezimbonini zesimanje ezenzelwe wona lo msebenzi. Uwoyela wesoya ungakhanywa ngo-kufanle nje kuphela uma kusetshenziswa ireco-verable solvent process ukuze kukhanywe inani eliphezulu likawoyela kumbewu leyo yesoya.

Isoya – inzuzo yokudla kanye nabanye abasebenzisiImbewu yesoya yenziwe ngowoyela wesoya kanye namaphrotheni, enza u-60% wesoya elo-mile ngesisindo. Isilinganiso sikawoyela kumbe-wu eyomile u-18% kuya ku-20%, bese kuthi amaphrotheni wona abe ngu-36% kuya ku-40%. Lokhu okusalayo kuba ngu-35% wamakhabo-haydrethi no-5% womlotha noma amaminerali. Iningi lama-amino acid abalulekile lenza isili-nganiso samaphrotheni kanye namavithamini B, C, E no-K kanye namaminerali afana nekhalsiy-amu, i-iron, imagneziyamu, ifosforasi, iphothezi-yamu, isodiyamu kanye nezinc.

Njengoba sibona imbewu yesoya ibaluleke kakhulu njengomthombo wokudla okunomsoco okudingwa ngabantu kanye nemfuyo. Izilwane ezetshisayo ezifana nezimvu kanye nezinkomo zingadla imbewu eluhlaza emadlelweni emva-kokuvunwa kwesilimo sesoya. Kanti izilwane ezinesisu esisodwa ezifana nezingulube kanye nezinkukhu zona zidinga kuphela amaphrotheni agayiwe ngaphambi kokuba zikwazi ukuyidla. Itrypsin yona-ke ingushevu okungamele udliwe ngabantu.

Isitshalo sesoya uma sivunwe ezimweni zokuniselwa kanye nezomhlaba owomile kanye nesimbiyosisi nerhizbium bacterial root nodules, silungisa inaythrojini esemoyeni. Le nayithrojini inika u-65% wenayithrojini edingekayo ukukhiqi-za imbewu. Ngempela lesi yisitshalo sezimanga.

Okusetshenziswa/okudliwa ngabantuIphrotheni yesoya izinzile kanti futhi ingaphe-keka emazingeni aphezulu okushisa ukwenza ngaphakathi kokunye ithofu, okuwukudla okutha-mbe sashizi okunamaphrothen amaningi, ubisi lwesoya olwenziwe ngembewu ephelele egaywe yacwiliswa emanzini yase ifudunyezwa umusi, kanye namaphrotheni emifi no angekho bushele-lezi. Imikhiqizo yamaphrotheni emifi no angekho

bushelelezi ingatholakala ezimakethe eziningi lapha eNingizimu Afrika kanti iyimithombo emi hle yamaphrotheni angafakwa ekudleni kwabantu kwansuku zonke.

Umkhiqizo wobisi lwesoya yinhlanganisela yamakhabohaydrethi kanye namaphrotheni efana ngqo nalokho okutholakala obisini olu-jwayelekile. Ubisi lwesoya lungenziwa iyogathi enganandisiwe noma ixutshwe nezinongo ze - m velo bese imakethwa njengoketshezi olwaziwa njengeyogi sip. Yonke le mikhiqizo ingaphekwa emakhishini asemakhaya noma ezimbonini ezinkulu kusetshenziswa imishini emikhulu.

Amaphrotheni atholakala kusoya alingana nalawo atholakala enyameni, emaqandeni kanye nakucasein okusiza ukukhula kanye nempilo enhle yabantu.

Mandulo, ngaphambi kokuba yaziwe futhi iqoshwe phansi, isoya yayilinywa eMpumalanga ne-Asia mandulo ngaphambi kanti nanamuhla iseyisilimo esiwukudla okubaluleke kakhulu eChina, Japan kanye naseKorea njengakwezi-nye izingxenye zezwe. Iningi lalawa mazwe ase-phucule izinga lokukhiqizwa kanye nokuda yiswa kwemikhiqizo yesoya ebilisiwe efana nesoy sauce, itempeh, inatto nemiso. Ibhaktheriya ebalulekile evela ngenkathi kubiliswa isiza uku-phula iphrotheni ukuze ibe ngama-amino acid agayeka kalula esiswini.

Amacultivars avela kula mazwe akheth-we ngokucophelela okukhulu eminyakeni angama-2 000 edlulile kwenzelwa umkhiqizo we-zolimo. Lamacultivar asabalala eNyakatho yonke enze isisekelo segenetic cultivar eyenza amac-ultivar emvelo kanye nalawo atrans-genetically altered kulezi zinsuku.

Ukuphuculwa kwamatrans-genetic cul-tivar kufakelele amagene ukuze izitshalo zesoya zimelane nechemical glyphosate ese tshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula ekukhiqizweni kwesoya kwesimanjemanje.

Isiphetho Isoya ukudla okubalulekile, ikakhulukazi emhla-beni oqhubeke njalo wanda, kubalwa lapho abantu baseNingizimu Afrika kanye nemfuyo. Kusemahlombe omfama waseNingizimu Af-rika ukwenza ucwaningo ngezindlela ezifanele zokukhiqizwa kwesoya ngaphansi kwezimo zomhlaba owomile noma lowo oniselwayo uku-ze kukhushulwe izinga lesivuno sikazwelonke. Ngokwenzenjalo, amafama ethu azokwazi uku-qhubeka njalo afake isandla ekwenzeni lesi simila esibalulekile njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ikusasa lokuvikeleka kokudla kulelizwekazi lethu.

MADE POSSIBLE

BY OPOT


66

UMFAMA WONYAKA

6

Abaqokiwe ku-2013 SUBSISTENCE FARMER NGABO...

U Emmanuel Hadebe wazalwa mhla ka-16 enya ngeni kaSepthemba ngonya-ka ka-1971 endaweni yaseThokoza

maduzane ne-Estcourt. Ungowesine ezi-

nganeni eziyishiyagalombili.

Uqale izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphansi ngonya-

ka ka-1979 esikoleni iThemba. Kusukela ngonyaka

ka-1982 kuya ku-1984 walusa izinkomo zikayisem-

khulu wakhe. Kwathi ngonyaka ka-1989 wadlulela

eya esikoleni samabanga aphezulu i-Amahlubi

lapho aphothula khona izifundo zakhe zikaMati-

kuletsheni ngonyaka ka-1994. Waya eGoli ngen-

hloso yokuyofuna umsebenzi, kepha lelo phupho

alifezekanga. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wanquma

ukuthatha izifundo zokuba ngunogada wakwazi

ukuthola iGrade C Security Certifi cate. Phakathi

nonyaka ngo-1996 wakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi

wasebenza njengonogada. Ngenkathi esebenza

wakwazi ukwenza izifundo ezimfushane ezifana

noProject Management kanye neHuman Resource

Management neNyuvesi yaKwaZulu-Natali.

Ngonyaka ka-1999 wabuyela ekhaya lapho

asebenza khona njengonogada esikoleni sa-

mabanga aphakeme iTatazela. Ngonyaka ka-

2006 waqala ukulima amazambane (awayeka

ngo nyaka ka-2009). Waqala eke manje eqala

ukulima ummbila kuhektha eli-1. Kusukela ngo-

nyaka ka-2001 kuze kube yinamuhla uyilunga

leNon-Go vernmenatl Organisation (uBhekuzulu

Self-suffi cient Project) esiza futhi yeseke izingane

eziyizintandane. Washada noPhilisiwe ngonyaka

ka-1997 kanti babusiswe ngezingane eziyisikho-

mbisa, izinsizwa ezimbili namadodakazi amahlanu.

Uneminyaka emine eyilunga elizimisele le-

Emangweni Study Group. Usephothule nge-

mpumelelo izifundo zokuqeqesha ezilandelayo:

Maize Production, iFarm Management ne-Introduc-

tion to Soybeans. Unezinkomo eziyisishiyagalolu-

nye. Usebenzisa umhlaba womphakathi ngaphansi

kwenkosi. Okwamanje akanayo itraki yokulima

amasimu akhe. U-Emmanuel uqale emhlabeni on-

gamahektha ayi-1,8 omhlaba womphakathi kepha

wase enza isinqumo sokutshala amahektha ayi-9,5

ommbila oRoundup Ready. Unethemba kakhulu

kanti usecabanga nokuthola amasimu amanye

futhi okutshala kule sizini ezayo. Angathanda-ke

ukuzithengela itraki kanye nemishini yokusebenza

ngokuzayo. Njengoba aqala ukusebenzisa ulwazi

alutholile usenze ngaphezu kwalokho abeku-

cabangile.

UPatrick Nxumalo wazalelwa endaweni yas Emangweni eduze naseWinter-ton lapho aphinde wakhulela khona.

Waqala imfundo yamabanga aphansi Eman-gwaneni Primary School bese waseqhubekela esikoleni samabanga aphakeme iSizathina High School lapho aqeda khona ibanga le-10.

Waqala ukusebenza eWelkom ngonyaka ka-1979 efekthri kufi kela ngonyaka ka-1983. Emva-kwalokho wasebenza embonini ekhiqiza iplastiki eGoli kufi kela ngonyaka ka-1989. Efuna amanye amathuba wasedlulela e-Estcourt lapho ase-benzela khona inkampani iMasonite kufi kela ekupheleni konyaka ka-2000. Kusukela ngonyaka ka-2001 waqala ukusebenzela ibhizinisi leBhe-khari lasendaweni yangakubo. Emvakokushona okungalindelekile kukankosikazi wakhe ngonyaka ka-2006, uPatrick waphoqeleka ukuba ayeke uku-sebenza ukuze anakekele izingane zakhe.

Unezingane ezinhlanu. UNkanyiso owazalwa ngonyaka ka-1986 waphothula izifundo zakhe zebanga le-12 ngonyaka ka-1999. Usebenza njengehyster operator. UNomalungelo owazalwa ngonyaka ka-1990 naye waphothula izifundo zakhe zebanga le-12. UNqobile yena owazalwa ngonyaka ka-1992, waphothula izifundo zakhe zebanga le-12

ngonyaka ka-2011 kanti manje uqhubekela phambili ngemfundo ephakeme eMnambithi FET College. U-Aphiwe yena wazalwa ngonyaka ka-1995 kanti ufunda ibanga le-11 bese kuthu uthunjana ongu-Ntombizethu (owazalwa ngonyaka ka-1999) yena ufunda ibanga le-9.

Uyilunga lEmangwaneni Study Group kusu-kela ngonyaka ka-2009. Useqede izifundo ezintathu okubalwa kuzo: Introduction to Maize, Introduction to Soybeans kanye neFarm Management. Umhlaba awusebenzisayo ukulima ngowomphakathi ngaphansi kwenkosi yendawo. Unehektha elilodwa lomhlaba ovundile namahektha ayi-100 amadlelo ahlanganyelwe. Unezinkomo eziyi-15. Kule hektha lakhe elilodwa lomhlaba utshale ummbila ophuzi ofunwa kakhulu. Amafama angomakhelwane bakhe, abangamafama ezinkukhu athenga ku-yena bese kuthi loyo ummbila osele ewusebenzisa ukondla izinkomo zakhe.

UPatrick angathanda ukukhulisa ipulazi lakhe kepha ubona ukweswela imali kumvimbela ukwe-nze njalo. Akanawo ugandaganda wakhe kanti udi-nga ama-implements afanele ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe ngokufanele. Unolwazi kanye nothando lokukhula abe ngumfama omkhulu ngelinye lama-langa, usho njalo.

UPatrick Nxumalo

UEmmanuel Hadebe

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UMFAMA WONYAKA

7

U TO Mdluli wazalelwa endaweni yase-Nhlozeni eziNtabezi zoKhahlamba, okunga ba ngamakhilomitha angamashumi

ayisithupha ngaphandle kweWinterton esifundeni

sa KwaZulu-Natali. Abazali bakhe babenezingane

eziyishumi nesikhombisa kanti ziyisikhombisa

kuphela ezaphila. Uyi ngane yesihlanu kanti unabafi -

wabo abane nodadewabo ababili.

Akazange angene isikole esijwayelekile kepha wa-

ngena isikole santambama ukuze azokwazi ukufunda

nokubhala. Washada ngonyaka ka-1992 kanti unezi-

ngane ezinhlanu, indodakazi eyodwa neziznsizwa

ezine. Izibulo lakhe lazalwa ngonyaka ka-1985, uSe-

nzile ofunda esikoleni samabanga aphakame eGoli.

Ngo-1989 kwazalwa u Sakhile oseqedile isikole kanti

usebenza epulazini elingekho kude nje nasekhaya.

Ngo-1995 kwazalwa uSimcayi ofunda ibanga le-11.

Ngonyaka ka-1997 kwase kuzalwa uBuyisane oseban-

geni le-8, kanti uthunjana yena uMafanelo wazalwa

ngonyaka ka-2000. Uyaziqhenya ngelokuthi izingane

zakhe ziyakwazi ukuya esikoleni kanti uzimisele ukuba

zithole imfu ndo okuyiyona efanele.

Umyeni kaNkk. Mdluli, uNdlala Mbhele wayesebenza

eGoli esebenzela inkampani edayisa inyama. Ngeshwa

umyeni wakhe wabashiya ngonyaka ka-2002. Kusukela

lapho kwase kumele athwale ijoko lokukhulisa izingane

zakhe yedwa engenamsizi.

Wakhula ephila ngomhlaba, ngakho-ke kwaba yiyona

ndlela yokuphila nokunakekela izingane zakhe. Inzuzo

yakhe uyithola esiqeshaneni somhlaba lapho etshala kho-

na amazambane, ubhontshisi owomile kanye nommbila.

Wonke umsebenzi wokulima wenziwa ngezandla. Uphinde

alungise izimpahla ezidabukile, athungele nomphakathi

izingubo zokugqoka ukuze angenise inzuzo eyengeziwe.

Akunagesi endaweni abahlala kuyona.

Umhlaba awusebenzisayo owomphakathi kanti

ungaphansi kwenkosi yendawo. Unamahektha amabili

omhlaba ovundile namahektha angama-50 ongamadlelo

ahlanganyelwe. Unezinkomo ezintathu.

Kuhektha eyodwa yomhlaba ovundile batshala

ummbila. Ubehlakula umhlabathi ngesandla esebenzisa

igeja. Uma eseqedile bese etshala imbewu azame nokugci-

UTO Mdluli

na umhlaba uhlanzekile ngesandla. Wayetshala

‘ummbila wesiZulu’ omdala (traditional open cul-

tivar), imbewu ayibeke ngenkathi eqeda ukuvu-

na. Ingxenye yommbila bayidla njengommbila

oluhlaza (green mealies) bese lowo osele bewu-

vunela ukwenza impuphu. Bavuna ngesandla

kanti namakhoba nawo ahlutshwa ngesandla.

Kuleyo ‘mbewu yesiZulu’ badinga izikhwama

ezimbili zamakhoba ukuze bagcwalise ibhakede

elingamalitha ayi-20 ezi nhlamvu. Kwakunge-

lula ukuphila ngoba kumele bavune okwanele

ukuze bakwazi ukuphila izi nyanga eziyi-12.

Ngonyaka ka-2011 wahlangana noJurie

Mentz, uMqondisi wezeNtuthuko oHlelweni

lakwaGrain SA lokuThuthukiswa kwama-

Fama, KwaZulu-Natali (Vryheid). UJurie Mentz

wasungula i-Emmaus Study Group endaweni.

UNkk. Mdluli wahamba imihlangano leyo. Ma-

nje usengusihlalo we-Emmaus Study Group.

Ngonyaka ka-2012 uye wazithengela ihand planter encanyana ayisebenzisa ngempumelelo enkulu. Unamaknapsack sprayer amathathu awasebenzisa ukuchelela amakhemikhali ukuze abulale ukhula kanye nokulawula izi-nambuzane. Ngoba-ke akanama-implements usebenzisa ino-till. Soloko ebe yingxenye ya-kwaGrain SA useqale ukutshala amacultivar ommbila ohybrid kanti usethole imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Manje sesinciphile isibalo sezikhwama zamakhoba azidingayo ukugcwali-sa ibhakede lommbila ngezinhlamvu.

UJane McPherson, umphathi wephrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abalimi Abakhiqizayo Nalabo Abasakhulayo. Uma ufuna imininingwane egcwele ungathumela i-imeyili [email protected].

MADE POSSIBLE BY

THE MAIZE TRUST


8888

UMFAMA WONYAKA

UJalisa, uVuyani noVictor

basethubeni lokuzuza

UJalisa Simphiwe wazalwa mhla ka-15 Septhemba ngonyaka ka-1958. Wakhulela eManzimdaka eduze

naseNgcobo. Ubaba wakhe wayelima emhla-

beni womphakathi, exubile ekulimeni kwakhe

ngemvume yokuwusebenzisa umhlaba.

USimphiwe wangena isikole samabanga

aphansi saseCentu esiseduze neTsolo wase

edlulela esikoleni samabanga aphezulu

iCuthberts lapho aphothula khona izifundo

zakhe zikaMatikuletsheni ngonyaka ka-1981.

UJalisa washada uNonene ngonyaka ka-1991.

Banezingane ezintathu emshadweni wabo. UJali-

sa wasebenza njengonogada e Westonaria kufi ka

ngonyaka ka-1997. Ngo nyaka ka-1998 wangena

embonini yamathekisi lapho ahlala khona kufi ke-

la ngonyaka ka-2006.

Ngonyaka ka-2008 uJalisa wathenga ipulazi

endaweni yase-Elliot ehlinzekwa wuhlelo lwe-

LRAD, waqala kanjalo-ke ukulima.

Wathola ulwazi ngezolimo zenzuzo lapho esethole

umhlaba othi yena. Ngaphambi kwalokho wayazi

nje ngesubsistence farming.

Uthe lapho eba yingxenye yethimba loku-

funda lakwa-Grain SA futhi ehamba nemihlangano

njalo waqala nokuhamba izifundo zokuqeqesha

eza mvulela amathuba amasha. Ezinye zezifundo

aziphothula sibala kuzo iRecord and Bookkeeping

kanye neTractor and Implement Maintenance

Course. Okokuqala nqa empilweni yakhe wabuye

wafunda ngokusampula imihlabathi kanye nokuba-

luleka kokugcina amarekhodi akhe emvula enayo.

UJalisa uzama ngakho konke okusemandleni

akhe ukulusebenzisa lonke ulazi lwalokho akufundile

emihlanganweni yamaqembu kanye nasezifundweni

zokuqeqesha. Ukhuthazekile kanti futhi ufi sa ukuba yi-

lunga le-250 Ton Club. UJalisa uzimisele ukuphucula

izindlela zakhe zokulima. Isivuno sakhe besihambe-

la kumathani ama-3 ihektha ngalinye kepha kulo

nyaka ubheke amathani ama-4,5 ihektha ngalinye.

UJalisa Simphiwe

UVuyani Kama wazalelwa endaweni yase-Ugie kanti uneminyaka enga-ma-43. Ukhuliswe ngumama wakhe

owamthumela esikoleni e-Ugie waze wapho-thula izifundo zakhe zeBanga le-12.

Usebenze kakhulu eMnyangweni weZolimo, weZamahlathi neZokudoba. Yilapho-ke uthan-do lwakhe lokulima lwaqala khona. Lokho akubona emapulazini enzuzo e-Ugie nakho kwenza omkhulu umehluko empilweni yakhe kwamgqugquzela ukuba abheke ngakwezoli-mo. Uthando lwakhe lwakhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kepha inselelo enkulu abhekena nayo kwakungukuthola umhlaba.

Izinto zashintsha ngonyaka ka-2006 nge-nkathi ekwazi ukuthenga amahektha angama-450 omhlaba lapho ekhiqiza khona ummbila kanye namazambane ngohlelo lomjikeleziso wezilimo. UVuyane unepulazi futhi e-Elliot lapho elima khona ngezimvu nommbila.

Ngonyaka ka-2009 waba yingxenye yeqembu

lokufunda lakwaGrain SA ngaphansi koHlelo lo-

kuThuthukiswa kwaMafama. UVuyisa waphothula

izinhlelo ezimbalwa zezifundo zokuqeqeshwa

ezifana ne-: Introduction to Maize Production,

Contractors Course kanye neTractor Maintenance

Course. Soloko aba yingxenye yakwaGrain SA

ukwesekwa, amakhono kanye nolwazi aselutholile

selumsize ukuphucula umkhiqizo wesivuno sakhe

sommbila. Isivuno epulazini lakhe sesikhuphuke

kusukela kumathani ayi-3,5 ihektha ngalinye kuya

kumathani ayi-5 ihektha ngalinye endaweni yase-

Elliot. Isivuno sakhe engxenyeni eyodwa yomhlaba

wakhe endaweni yase-Ugie sibalelwa kumathani

ayi-7,5 ihektha ngalinye.

UVuyani unethemba elikhulu ngekusasa le-

zolimo kanti futhi ufi sa ukuqhubeka ngokuphucula

amakhono akhe okulima kanye nolwazi analo.

UVuyani Kama

ISMALLHOLDER FARMER AWARD

MADE POSSIBLE BY

THE MAIZE TRUST


999

UMFAMA WONYAKA

UVictor Mahlinza wazalelwa endaweni yase-Estcourt, KwaZulu-Natali ngomhla ka-14 enyangeni kaJulayi ngonyaka ka-1961.

Wakhulela e-Estcourt eduze ne Ntabamhlophe.

Waqala izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphansi ngo-

nyaka ka-1968 eCornfi el Primary School. Ngon-

yaka ka-1976 waya esikoleni samabanga aphezulu

iMtshezi lapho aphothula khona izifundo zakhe ze-

Banga le-11 ngonyaka ka-1982.

Ngonyaka ka-1983 uVictor wanquma ukuya eGoli

lapho asebenza khona unyaka owodwa njengoma-

bhalane ehhovisi lenkampani yokwakha. Ngonyaka ka-

1984 waya kosebenza njengestoreman enkampanini

yamakhemikhali khona eGoli kwaze kwaba ngunyaka

ka-1986. Phakathi kuka-1987 no-1988 uVictor wase-

benzela i-M&L Distibutors njengomshayeli wamaloli

ediliva ukudla okusemathinini. Kwathi – ke ngo-

nyaka ka-1989 wase eziqalela inkontileka yokudiliva

ne-AMCA Construction kufi kela ngonyaka ka-1995.

Ngonyaka ka-1996 wabuyela ekhaya lapho

anquma khona ukuba ngumfama. Ngaleso sikhathi

wayesasebenzisa izinkabi ukulima kufi kela ngonyaka

ka-2003 lapho athenga khona itraki.

Ushade noLinah kanti babusiswe ngezingane ezi hlanu;

amadodakazi amathathu kanye nezinsizwa ezi mbili. uFikile

(ona-27) owashiya isikole ebangeni lesi-11 kanti unezin-

gane ezimbili. USizwe (ona-20) owaphothula izifundo ze-

banga le-12 eZakhe Agricultural College eMgungundlovu.

Uthe eqeda lapho wadlulela eBuhle College lapho enza

izifundo zemifi no (Vegetable Course). Usebenza noyise

epulazini. UZandile (ona-16) ufunda ibanga le-11 esikoleni

samabanga aphakeme i-Abantungwa. UMcebisi (ona-

14) ufunda ibanga le-8 esikoleni samabanga aphansi

i Mathamo kanti uMpumelelo (ona-12) yena ufunda ibanga

le-6 naye esikoleni samabanga aphansi iMathamo.

UVictor uthembisene noNorah ngomshado kanti

banezingane ezintathu.

UVictor unamatraki amane: iMassey Ferguson 440

4x4, iMassey Ferguson 5465, iMassey Ferguson 399 kanye

neLandini 7500. Unezimoto futhi ezimbili: iColt 2.8 kanye

neMitsubishi. Unezinkomo ezi-78 ezisemadlelweni anga-

UVictor Mahlinza

mahektha angama-250 omhlaba womphakathi

namahektha angama-83 omhlaba oqashiwe.

UVictor akatholi sizo lwazimali kepha zonke izili-

mo zakhe uzibhekela yena qobo ngemali yakhe.

Akulula nokho-ke ngoba usebenzisa amahektha

angama-40 omhlaba womphakathi bese eqa-

sha amahektha omunye ongamahektha an-

gama-42 omhlaba ovundile kumfama ozimele.

UVictor akancikanga nje kuphela ku-

zilimo, kepha unezingulube, izimbuzi kanye

nezinkukhu. Ubona ukusabalala kuyindlela

ebalulekile yokusimamisa isilimo sakhe. Isu

lakhe lokuphumelela kulo nyaka kusewuku-

sabalala ngoba nakhu utshala ummbila,

ubhontshisi owomile, imifi no kanye nechicory

njengoba nakhu unenkontileka nabakwaNestlé.

UVictor wusihlalo weDistrict Farmers Asso-

ciation yendawo kanye neMtshezi Study Group

kanti uyazifela ngokulima. Ubuye abe ngusi-

hlalo weWorking Group oHlelweni lwa kwaGrain

SA lokuThuthukisa amaFama.

UJane McPherson, umphathi wephrogramu leGrain SA Lokuthuthukisa Abalimi Abakhiqizayo Nalabo Abasakhulayo. Uma ufuna imininingwane egcwele ungathumela i-imeyili [email protected].

MADE POSSIBLE BY

THE MAIZE TRUST


UMFAMA WONYAKA

Yazana nalabo abafinyelele kumanqamu alo nyaka

UThembalekhaya Fort Nkuhlu ukholelwa ekungafanini kwe-zinto. Ukhiqiza ummbila, isoya,

futhi unezingulube, izinkukhu kanye nemfuyo eningi epulazini lakhe lase-Denmark, endaweni yaseVrede.

Ukhulele eMpumalanga Kapa lapho um-khulu wakhe owayengumfama endaweni yaseCala, wamfundisa izindlela nemigomo ebalulekile yokukhiqiza izilimo.

UFort uphothule izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphezulu eNgangelizwe Jun-ior Secondary School. Ekuqedeni kwakhe isikole wenza ikhosi emfu shane yeMar-keting Management yonyaka e Boston City Campus eyalandelwa yi khosi ye-

Offi ce Administration eDamelin College

kanye nekhosi yeBookkeeping eVarsity

College.

Ukholelwa ukuthi uma ulima, uhlala

njalo ufunda, awuphezi. Uthando lwakhe

lokulima lwaqala mhla ubaba wakhe

ethenga ipulazi eliseduze neVrede ngo-

nyaka ka-1999.

UFort ufi sa ukuzibona enemakethe

ethembekile yemikhiqizo yonke yepulazi

lakhe. Ufi sa nokudala ipulatifomu lapho

amafama amasha kanye nabafundi be-

zolimo bezofunda khona bese bethola

namathuba okusebenzisa ulwazi lolo

abalufundile.

UMaurice Mthandeki Boki waza-lelwa eMatatiele. Wangena isikole samabanga aphansi saseSt

Columbus bese kwathi emvakwalo kho

wadlulela esikoleni samabanga aphezulu

iMariezell endaweni yaseMatatiele. Wa-

suka lapho ebangeni le-10 wayofunda

eSt Anthony’s Mission lapho aphothula

khona izifundo zakhe zikaMatikuletsheni.

Wafudukela eGoli wasebenza kuMasipala

waseGermiston iminyaka emithathu. Uthe

lapho eqeda ukushiya umasipala waqala

ukusebenzela iTwins Pharmaceuticals (Ad-

cock Ingrams) lapho asebenza khona imin-

yaka eyishumi nambili. Washiya le nkampani

ngonyaka ka-1977 wathenga isiteshi sokuh-

weba eMatatiele, nanamuhla sisekhona.

Ngonyaka ka-1995, ngosizo lweLand

Bank, wakwazi ukuthenga ipulazi lakhe

laseHorncroft. Yilapho ehlala khona.

UMaurice ukhule nalo lolu thando

lwezolimo. Uselime ngokwakhe kusukela

ngo nyaka ka-1995 ngaphandle kosizo olu-

vela ngaphandle.

UMaurice ushade noKholiswa ngo-

nyaka ka-1977. Uthole izifundo ekuKhiqi-

zweni kweZilimo, ukuKhiqizwa kweNyama

eBomvu, Ukugcina Amarekhodi Epulazi

kanye nokuPhathwa kweBhizinisi lwePulazi

eCedara.

UThabang Tsephe ukhulele eMa-tatiele. Waphothula izifundo zakhe zamabanga aphansi

eMehloaleng Junior School lapho aqeda

khona iBanga lesi-7.

Emvakwesikole usebenze epulazini isikhathi

esifushane wase eyosebenza emamayini

iminyaka eyishumi.

Ubuyele ekhaya ngonyaka ka-1986, waba

nesitolo kuze kube yilapho eqala ukulima ngo-

nyaka ka-1999. UThabanga ushade noMatau,

banamadodana amabili asiza uyise emapulazini.

UThabang usebenza emapulazini amabi-

li lapho etshala khona ummbila, i-oats kanye

namadlelo. Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza izilimo un-

esitolo somkhiqizo wobisi, unezinkomo zeny-

ama kanye nezinhlobo zezimvu.

OMFAMA WENZUZO

I-athikhili ibhalwe nguLandi Kruger, umbhali wePula/Imvula. Uma ufuna imininingwane egcwele ungathumela i-imeyili [email protected].

MADE POSSIBLE BY

THE MAIZE TRUST

10


Ngaphandle kokwesekwa ngabakwaMaize Trust, ubungeke uyifunde le magazini. Siya-bonga Maize Trust.

IMaize Trust Umlingani kwezentuthuko

AbakwaGrain SA banephupho lemboni yezolimo ebumbene

nenothile, futhi neyaziyo

ukuthi kumele kukubonele-

lwe izidingo zokuvikeleka

kokudla. Ezinye zezinto

ezibaluleke kakhulu kwa-

bakwaGrain SA uku-

tholakala kwenzuzo kubo

bonke abanomhlaba,

ukuvikeleka kwengcebo

yemvelo kanye nokudaleka

kwamathuba omsebenzi.

Ukuze sikwazi ukufezakaza

leli phupho, uGrain SA udi-

nga abalingani. Umlingani

obalulekile esinaye yiMaize

Trust. Inhlosongqangi yeMaize

Trust ukubonelela ngezezimali

embonini yezommbila lapha

eNingizimu Afrika, kanti kakhulu

kubhekwe ukwesekwa ngokwezi-

mali kulokhu okulandelayo:

• Ucwaningo lwesayensi noma lobu-

chwepheshe oluhambisana nezima-

kethe noma ukukhiqizwa kommbila;

• Ukutholwa, ukucutshungulwa kanye

nokusatshalaliswa kolwazi ngommbila

nganezimakethe zommbila (i-ARC

– iSummer Grain Centre, Uphiko lw-

ezocwaningo lommbila lweGrain Produc-

ers’ Organisation, kanti nanoma ngeyiphi

inhlangano ingafaka isicelo sezezimali);

• Ukungenelela kommbila waseNingizimu

Afrika ezimakethe (ngokubonelela ngezi-

miso zokumaketha, ukuqeqeshwa kanye

nosizo ezindaweni zasemaphandleni lapho

isidingo sisikhulu khona);

• Nokubaluleke kakhulu kwabakwaGrain

SA, okuyizimali zokuqeqesha nokuphucula

amafama asathuthusa.

IMaize Trust ingaphansi kobuholi bebhodi

yabagcinimafa abayisithupha: Umgcinimafa

ngamunye uvela kulabo abakhiqiza ummbila

omhlophe, omunye kulabo labo abakhiqiza

ummbila ophuzi, omunye avele kulabo abakh-

iqizi bommbila bo nkana, bese kuthi abathathu

kube ngamanxusa avela eMnyango wezoLi-

mo, ezaMahlathi kanye nezoKudoba. La bag-

cinimafa aqinisekisa ukuthi izimali zeMaize

Trust zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele nan-

gokuhlakanipha.

Ukuze sikwazi ukuqeqesha nokuphucula abakhi-

qizi bezinhlamvu, iGrain SA idinga izimali kanti-ke

yilapho-ke iTrust ibaluleke khona njengomlingani.

UHlelo lwakwaGrain SA lokuThuthukiswa

kwamaFama (i-HTF yakwaGrain SA) lufaka isi-

celo sezimali minyaka yonke kwabakwaMaize

Trust. Lolu hlelo lubandakanya umbiko ophelele

lwenqeqesho kanye nempucuko ebonelelwa

yizimali ezivela kwaMaize Trust kumafama,

kanye nesicelo esinika imininingwane egcwele

ngezinhloso zoHlelo lwakwaGrain SA loku-

Thuthukiswa kwamaFama onyakeni ozayo.

Ngaphandle kokwesekwa esikuthola kuma-

siso ahlukene ezinhlamvu kanye nezimali zobu-

lunga bamafama, ngabe ayikho iGrain SA.

Bekani iso kokulandelayo lapho sizobe zikhulu-

ma kabanzi ngabaxhasi bakaGrain SA ekuqinise-

kiseni ezolimo ezibumbene nezinothile lapha

eNingizimu Afrika.

MADE POSSIBLE BY

THE MAIZE TRUSTUBULINGANI BEMAIZE TRUST NEGRAIN SA

I-athikhili ibhalwe nguSusan Engelbrecht, UMqondisi wezokuXhumana noMthombo wabeZindaba kwaGrain SA. Uma ufuna imininingwane egcwele thumela i-imeyili [email protected].

11


Ithimba labahleli

GRAIN SA: BLOEMFONTEINSuite 3, Private Bag X11, Brandhof, 93247 Collins Street, ArboretumBloemfontein 08600 47246 Fax: 051 430 7574 www.grainsa.co.za

UMHLELI OMKHULUJane McPherson 082 854 7171 [email protected]

UMHLELIUKWABALiana Stroebel 084 264 1422 [email protected]

IMIDWEBO, ISAKHIWO KANYE NOKUSHICILELAInfoworks 018 468 2716 www.infoworks.biz

IPULA IMVULA IYATHOLAKALA FUTHI NANGALEZI ZILIMI EZLANDELAYO:IsiZulu,IsiBhunu, isiNgisi, IsiTswana, IsiSuthu, IsiSuthu saseNyakatho, nesiXhosa.

Uhlelo lweGrain SA LokuThuthukisa amaFama

ABAQONDISI BENTUTHUKODanie van den BergFree State (Bloemfontein) 071 675 5497 [email protected]

Johan KrielFree State (Ladybrand) 079 497 4294 [email protected] Office: 051 924 1099 Dimakatsi Nyambose

Jerry MthombothiMpumalanga (Nelspruit) 084 604 0549 [email protected] Office: 013 755 4575 Nonhlanhla Sithole

Naas GouwsMpumalanga (Belfast) 072 736 7219 [email protected]

Jurie MentzKwaZulu-Natal (Vryheid) 082 354 5749 [email protected] Office: 034 980 1455 Sydwell Nkosi

Ian HousehamEastern Cape (Kokstad) 078 791 1004 [email protected] Office: 039 727 5749 Jenilee Buntting

Lawrence LuthangoEastern Cape (Mthatha) 076 674 0915 [email protected] Office: 047 531 0619 Cwayita Mpotyi

Toit WesselsWestern Cape (Paarl) 082 658 6552 [email protected]

PULAPULAIMVULAIMVULA

UKULINGANISWA KWEZICHELELI

12

Ngoba kulula futhi kuyasebenza, ukuse-tshenziswa kwamapesticide angamakhe-mikahli sekusetshenziswa kakhulu kanti

kuyithuluzi elibalulekile ekulaweni kokhula kanye

nezinambuzane embonini yezolimo.

Noma kunjalo-ke, la makhemikhali ayisisombululo

esiwusizo yiwona futhi angabuye abe nobungozi

ngokuba angcolise amanzi asemhlabathini noma

athwaleke aye kobulala ezinye izilimo noma eminye

imiphakathi. Amafama kanye nabaphathi kumele

baqinisekise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhe-

mikhali kwenziwa kusetshenziswa impahla efanele

yokusebenza, impahla ephephile nefanele egqo-

kwayo kanye nolwazi olushaya umhlola lwesili-

nganiso okumele sichelelwe.

Ikhwalithi yamanziUkuxutshwa kwamakhemikhali kubalulekile. Ama-

nzi yiwona athwala amaherbicide applications kanti

avame ukwenza u-99% wengxube, ngakho-ke

akuwona umhlola ukuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi ase-

tshenziswayo nayo ibalulekile. Amanzi kumele

ahlanzeke futhi angabi nezinsalela zamapesticides.

Ukuze kuxutshwe ikhemikhali elifana neRoundup

noma iGramoxone amanzi kumele ahlanzeke

ngokuphelele futhi angabi namasuspended solids

afananama-organic matter esihlabathi noma

umhlabathi, ngoba lokhu kubulala amandla engxu-

be. Amanzi aqinile avame ukuba namazinga aphe-

zulu ekhalsiyamu, imagneziyamu, isodiyamu noma

i-iron. Lapho i-alkhalinithi isho ukuthi kunamazinga

aphezulu ekhaboneythi nebhaykhaboneythi ema-

nzini. Umfama oqotho uzohambisa amanzi akhe

ukuba ayohlolwa bese ethatha izinyathelo ezifanele

ngokusebenzisa ibuffer solution. Amabuffer solution

asetshenziswa ukugcina amazinga epH ezimelele.

Ukukhetha inozili Isinyathelo sokuqala esilinganisweni sesicheleli

ukuba nolwazi olufanele ngokusetshenziswa

kwamakhemikhali akhethiwe kanye nosayizi we-

nozili ukuze ukwazi ukuthola ireythi yokugeleza

kwekhemikhali.

• Amafl at-fan nozzle asetshenziselwa ukuche-

lela iningi lamaherbicide kanye namanye ama-

insecticide lapho kudingeka iconsi eliphakathi

nendawo;

• Amafl ooding kanye namafull cone nozzle ase-

tshenziselwa amaherbicide amaningi achelelwa

ngaphambi kokutshala ngoba akhiqiza amaconsi

amakhulu angagijimi kanti kungasetshenziswa

newide nozzle spacing;

• Amahollow cone nozzle akhiqiza amaconsi

amancane kanti asetshenziselwa ukuchelela

ama-insecticide namaherbicide adinga uku-

ngenelela emacembeni andlalekile.

Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuhlolisisa isimo seno-

zili ukuthi ayidabukanga ngoba amanozili aphe-

lile anga holela ekucheleleni amanani okungewona

engxube. Imetheriyali esetshenziswayo ukwenza

amanozili yiyona eba nomthelela eminyakeni

yokuphila kwenozili kanye nendlela esetshenziswa

ngayo. Amametheriyali afana netungsten, icarbide,

iceramic kanye nestainless steel esiqinisiwe asiza

amanozili ukugcina ukugeleza okusimeme isikhathi

eside. Kanti-ke amanozili enziwe ngeplastiki kanye

nebrass awaqinanga ngokwanele okwenza izinga

lokugelelza likhuphuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Amafama amaningi avame ukuzikhohlisa ngokuthi

onga imali lapho ethenga amanozili ashibhile kanti

iqiniso ukuthi bagcina bekhokhe ngaphezulu ema-

lini yamakhemikhali ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezi-

nga lokugeleza.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi kulindelekile ukuthi

inkampani edayisa amakhemikhali ikuqwashise

ngendlela efanalekile yokusebenzisa amakhe-

mikhali lawo ekudayisela wona. Kuyimvamisa futhi

ukuthi abadayisi bamakhemikhali beze epulazini

lakho bezokusiza ngokulungiselela ispray rig kanye

necalibration. KwiPula/Imvula yangoNovemba

sizobheka amaSprayer Fundamentals – Calibration

okuhlolwa kwensimu.

Okubaluleke kakhulu ngezicheleli – izinga lamanzi kanye namanozili

I-athikhili ibhalwe nguJenny Mathews, umbhali wePula/Imvula. Uma ufuna imininingane egcwele thumela i-imeyili [email protected].

Ulwazi olushaya emhloleni, impahla yokusebenza efanele kanye nempahla edingekayo yokuphepha yikona konke okudingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakhemikhali achelelwa ngendlela efanele.

THIS PUBLICATION IS MADE POSSIBLE BY THE

CONTRIBUTION OF THE MAIZE TRUST


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