QUY TRÌNH CÔNG NGHỆ SẢN XUẤT XÚC XÍCH TIỆT TRÙNG

8/7/2019 QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT XC XCH TIT TRNG

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QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT XC XCH TIT TRNG

vo lc: Thng Tm 01, 2006, 08:36:15 AM Cuc sng hin i ngy cng p ng tt hn nhng nhu cu ca con ngi. Bn cnh nhu

cu c n mc p, c sng cuc sng thoi mi, tin nghi th con ngi cn c nhu cuc n ngon, n y cht dinh dng c sc khe tt. T , con ngi c th lmvic tt hn, hiu qu hn.V l do m ngnh cng nghip ch bin thc phm ngy cng pht trin mnh m, gp

phn p ng nhu cu v n ung cho mi ngi. Cc sn phm thc phm c ch bin ttht cung cp y thnh phn dinh dng cn thit ca c th. Theo s liu thng k caCc Thng k thnh ph th trong nm 2002, nhu cu i vi cc sn phm thc phm ch

bin t tht tng ln rt nhanh trn 12%. Trong xc xch l mt trong nhng sn phmch bin t tht rt c quan tm.Xc xch l mt sn phm n lin ngy cng ph bin do tnh tin li v c gi tr dinh dngcao. Xc xch c th c sn xut mt cch th cng (theo qui m gia nh ) hoc theo quim cng nghip. Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiu loi xc xch khc nhau. Tu theo

nguyn liu ta c th phn loi xc xch nh sau : xc xch g ,xc xch b, xc xch tm,xc xch heo theo phng thc sn xut ta c xc xch trit trng , xc xch xng khi

Phn I :NGUYN LIU

1/ Nguyn liu chnh:1.1/ Tht heo

Tht v nhng sn phn ch bin t tht l mt trong nhng phn c bn trong khu phn thcn. l ngun quan trng cung cp lng ln protein v cc cht khong nh st(Fe),ng(Cu) magi(Mg), photpho(P) . Ngoi ra tht cn cung cp nhiu vitamin nh : vitamin A,vitamin B1(thiamin), B2(riboflavin), B6, PP v trong tht cha y cc acid amin khngthay th vi t l kh cn i.1.1.1/ Phn loiTht heo l nguyn liu chnh trong qu trnh ch bin xc xch. N c vai tr quyt nhcht lng ca sn phm. Tht heo c phn thnh cc loi sau:a/ Theo % nc :+Tht heo nc : nc chim t l cao >80%+Tht heo na nc na m: %nc 50%-80%+Tht heo m : %nc


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thnh b, cc si c c cu to t miozin hoc actin. Chc nng ch yu ca n l thchin hot ng co gin .Thnh phn ho hc ca m c : nc chim t l: 72%-75% , protein :18%-21%. Cn li lcc thnh phn khc :glucid, lipit, khong, vitamin

b/ m lin kt:y l loi m c phn b rng ri c vai tr lin kt cc si t c ,cc b c li vi nhau

,to cu trc cht ch cho tht .c/ m m:M m c to thnh t cc t bo mlin kt vi nhau di dng li xp. Lng m mtrong cu trc tht nhiu hay t ph thuc vo ging loi , gii tnh v iu kin nui dng.

1.1.4/ Cc dng h hng thtTht trong qu trnh bo qun c th b bin cht v h hng . Nguyn nhn l do bo quntht trong nhng u kin khng thch hp, to iu kin thun li cho cc enzim v vi sinhvt c sn trong tht pht trin. Nhng bin i ny dn n h hng v cm quan, hnhthnh nhng cht c hi . Nhng hin tng h hng ca tht thng gp l: nht , thi ra,ln men chua, s thay i mu sc v mc.- Sinh nht:

Thng xut hin trn b mt tht p lnh cc bung c m khng kh tng i caohn 90%. y l giai on u ca s h hng. Lp nhy ny gm c nhiu vi khun khcnhau : Micrococus albus, M.cadidus, M.aureus, E.coli, Steptococus liquefaciens, Bacillussubtilis, B.mycoides Tc sinh nht cn ph thuc vo nhit . Nhit thch hp cho

bo qun tht l 0oC. -Tht b chua:

Do vi khun lactic, nm men hoc cc enzim c sn trong tht . Trong tht c cng nhiuglycogen th cng d b chua .qu trnh 1n men chua lm cho pH ca tht gim. V vy ,nl qu trnh trc ca qu trnh thi ra. Sn phm ca qu trnh l cc acid focmic, axtic,

butyric, lactic, propioic, xucxinic tht b chua c mu xm v mi kh chu.-S thi ra tht :

Do cc vi sinh vt hiu kh cng nh k kh pht trin sinh ra cc enzim proteaza phn giiprotein. Sn phm ca qu trnh thi ra gm : hydro sunfua, indol, statol, butyric to mikh chu cho tht

Cc vi khun hiu kh gy thi thng gp : Bacerium megatherium, Bacillus subtilis,B.mensenterium, Proteus vulgarisCc vi khun k kh : Clotridium perfringens, Cl.putrificum, Cl.sporogenes

-Tht mc :Do cc mc Mucor v Aspergillus pht tin trn tht ,lm cho tht tng tnh kim do phn

hu proteinv lipit, to thnh cc acid bay hi , nm mc pht trin lm cho tht c mi mc,nht dnh v bin mu-S bin mu ca tht :Mu ca tht trong qu trnh bo qun c th chuyn t bin thnh mu xm , nu , hoc

xanh lc do cc vi khun hiu kh pht trin trn b mtTm li , trong cng ngh sn xut xc xch tht heo c nhng c tnh nh :To ga tr dinh dng cho sn phmTo cu trc , hnh thi cho sn phm nh cu trc ca tht v s to gel ca cc phn t

protein c trong thtTo ra mi v c trng cho sn phm

1.2/ M heoM heo l ngun cung cp cht bo. Xc xch trit trng dng tt c cc loi m nh m

lng, m i , m nng nhng khng dng m sa .


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M c tc dng lm tng dnh bo , bng ,lm tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm ,gip tn dng ngun nguyn liu v lm gim gi thnh , tng hiu qu kinh t

1.3/ Da heo :Da heo c s dng trong ch bin xc xch nhm lm tng kh nng kt dnh , tng daicho xc xch , ng thi lm gim gi thnh .

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Hi m: QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT XC XCH TIT TRNG

Tr li #1 vo lc: Thng Tm 01, 2006, 08:37:00 AM


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Phn II :S QUI TRNH CNG NGH


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LI M UCuc sng hin i ngy cng p ng tt hn nhng nhu cu ca con ngi.Bn cnh nhu cu c n mc p, c sng cuc sng thoi mi, tin nghi thcon ngi cn c nhu cu c n ngon, n y cht dinh dng c sc khett.T , con ngi c th lm vic tt hn, hiu qu hn.V l do m ngnh

cng nghip ch bin thc phm ngy cng pht trin mnh m, gp phn p ngnhu cu v n ung cho mi ngi. Cc sn phm thc phm c ch bin t thtcung cp y thnh phn dinh dng cn thit ca c th. Theo s liu thng kca Cc Thng k thnh ph th trong nm 2002, nhu cu i vi cc sn phm thc

phm ch bin t tht tng ln rt nhanh trn 12%. Trong xc xch l mt trongnhng sn phm ch bin t tht rt c quan tm.Xc xch l mt sn phm n lin ngy cng ph bin do tnh tin li v cgi tr dinh dng cao. Xc xch c th c sn xut mt cch th cng (theo quim gia nh) hoc theo qui m cng nghip. Hin nay trn th trng c rt nhiuloi xc xch khc nhau. Tu theo nguyn liu ta c th phn loi xc xch nh sau:xc xch g ,xc xch b, xc xch tm, xc xch heo theo phng thc sn xutta c xc xch trit trng, xc xch xng khi

Vi tnh hnh thc t nh vy,nhm chng ti xin chn ti: XC XCHHEO TIT TRNG. Trong , chng ti s trnh by v:Phn 1: Nguyn liu.Phn 2: Quy Trnh sn xut.Phn 3: So snh gia cch ch bin th cng v cng nghip

TNG QUAN V XC XCH1. LCH S CA MN XC XCH [12]Hin cho ti by gi vn cha xc minh c ngun gc xut x ca xc xcht u? Xc xch bao nhiu tui v ai l ngi u tin c sng kin dng thtnhi vo trong rut heo, hay cc loi rut nhn to khc ?...V mi nc u ra sc ginh v tr c tn l gc ca xc xch. Ngi krng thi xa xa La M c i, cc tu s Thin cha gio tu hnh vin Trn canh th Gio hi ch ra cc loi saucili dnh cho cc tu sinh b k lut cm tcn trong phng khp rn mnh. Ngi php th khng nh l hai loi xc xch uxut pht t nc php.T tp ch Aujourd,hui Alimentations th cho l xc xch ca o corse michnh xc l ca ni ca xc xch ca nc php, m cng l ca ton th gii, trongkhi tp ch L,observateur Magazine cho rng xc xch tht ra l ca Vng QucB. Trn chuyn san ca OMS cho rng Saussage l mn n truyn thng ca dnAngletere m gc gc l khu vc chn nui tr ph nht nc Anh, vngYorkshire. (sch nhng ngh hi ra tin )

Li c ti liu cho rng chnh ngi Trung Hoa, cch y khong 2.500 nm, lm ra loi xc xch, kh chng ra kh, t chng ra t v gi l lp xng.Lp xng thot u lm bng tht cu thi nh, p mui, ng, hnh, tiu,ru v bt u nnh. Sau ny mi i sang lm bng tht heo. C l do khu v,dn Trung Hoa khng thch loi tht ln men lactic c v chua (mt hnh thc boqun), nh nhiu loi xc xch m ta thng thy ngy nay, nn trong lp xng hthng dng khong 10% ng v 2 % mui bo qun. Tht c nhi vo rutng vt v sy trn bp than khong 5-6 gi


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Vi trm nm sau , ngi La M, Hy Lp mi c nm mi xc xch vpht trin rt nhiu loi xc xch gn gn nh nhng loi xc xch ngy nay cachu u.Thot u xc xch nhi tit, nhi gan... ri ci thin hn, nhi vi tht bm shoc ct nh. Sau ny phng thm, nhi vi nh tng tht (tht nghin mn) nhch la ca ta c gi nhuyn. Sau c ln men, xng khi bo qun.

Chnh loi xc xch ny mi c xem l c ngun gc chu u.2. XC XCH TRN TH TRNG [13]Xc xch c bit n nh mt loi thc phm ch bin t tht v cng l mtmn n tin li lu i nht m con ngi to ra trong qu trnh lu tr thc

phmXc xch c phn bit hai loi chnh l xc xch kh v xc xch ti. Xcxch kh l loi xc xch vn quen gi l xc xch hun khi. Cn xc xch ti thn gin hn ch l loi xc xch c lm thnh hnh nhng cha qua ch bin.C bao nhiu loi xc xch, iu ny chc chn khng ai c th thng k ni vmi quc gia, mi vng min u c nhiu loi xc xch khc nhau.Xc xch c ni ting bi mi khi thm du. lm xc xch xng khingi ta phi dng dm g si hun chy v khi ca n c xng tht nh, ko

tht lu p vo tng m xc xch treo trn gin bn trn. Xc xch xng khi thngc nng, bi mi thm ca khi trong xc xch nh c nh thc bng cinng ca la, mi ca than ci.Chm xc xch vi m tt thm nng, hng hc cay cng m hng v catht, ca khi. c ni ting vi cc loi xc xch a dng, vt khi bin giinc ny tr thnh mt trong nhng mn n hng u th gii. Mt s loi xcxch ni ting nh: Bratwurst,Rostbratwurst, Blutwurst, Frankfurter Bockwurst, Bregenwurst, Knackwurst...

Nc Anh ni ting vi loi xc xch ti lm bng tht b hoc heo trn vigia v, hnh tm, t. Sau mt thi gian, xc xch c mang ra chin hay nng uthoang thong tht nh v chua, tng t nh v ca nem chua. Tuy nhin ngi n

phi nhm nhi tng cht, n tht chm nghe c v chua thanh thot c bitca n.Xc xch Arp vi nh hng ca khu v vng cn ng nn thng dngnhng loi gia v mnh nh inh hng, hi, qu... Xc xch Arp nng kh phhp vi khu v ngi Vit, c l do cch p cc mn nng Vit c cc gia vtng t vi gia v ca xc xch.Vng Toulouse ca Php th ni danh vi mn xc xch tht heo xay ming lnln vi da. Nhai xc xch va nhn c s tht vn cn ln vi cm gic sn stca da cng ming.Oreagano, Thyme, l nhng loi l thm khng th thiu trong cch ch binxc xch . c trng ca xc xch l v ngt thanh v hng v ca rau mi hoquyn vi gia v lm nn phong cch ring cho xc xch .Hin nay trn th gii c

rt nhiu loi xc xch nhng Vit Nam th mi c mt s loi. Mt s cng tynh c Vit, Vissan.. l ngun cung cp xc xch ch yuissan l mt thng hiu thc phm kh ni ting ti Vit Nam, cc sn

phm xc xch nh : nhm xc xch tit trng kh (gm xc xch tit trng Dz Dzv xc xch tit trng Ba Bng Mai) v nhm xc xch tit trng mt (gm xc xchng lnh v xc xch ht thanh trng), c bit tiu th mnh trn th trng cnc. Bn cnh cn c cng ty sn xut Xc Xch c Vit cng l thng hiukh ni ting vi sn phm xc xch ni ting ca c.Xc xch cng v ang dn ph bin trong ba n ca ngi Vit, ngy


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cng c nhiu mn xc xch ni ting t nhiu quc gia c gii thiu n ngitiu dng Vit Nam

Phn I :NGUYN LIU1.Nguyn liu chnh [2]Tht v nhng sn phn ch bin t tht l mt trong nhng phn c bn trong

khu phn thc n.1.1.Tht heo l ngun quan trng cung cp lng ln protein v cc cht khong nh st(Fe), ng (Cu), magi (Mg), photpho (P) . Ngoi ra tht cn cung cp nhiuvitamin nh: vitamin A, vitamin B1(thiamin), B2(riboflavin), B6, PP v trongtht cha y cc acid amin khng thay th vi t l kh cn i.1.1.1. Phn loiTht heo l nguyn liu chnh trong qu trnh ch bin xc xch. N c vaitr quyt nh cht lng ca sn phm. Tht heo c phn thnh cc loi sau:a.Theo % nc: [14]T l nc l mt ch tiu quan trng nh gi cht lng tht ln, ngthi cng l mt yu t quyt nh ti nng sut v hiu qu chn nui.

+ Tht heo nc : nc chim t l cao > 80%+ Tht heo na nc na m: % nc 50% - 80%+ Tht heo m : % nc < 50%Bn cch , tht cng c th c phn loi c theo tiu chun phnloi Chu u "SEUROP":S: 60% tht nc hoc hn


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C CB ti t t: B

: t t: t t

R: t t: t t: t t


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b. Theo trng thi tht:

+ Tht bnh thng : Tht c mu st ti ,b mt ro ,khng r nc ,pHca tht c tr s 5.6-6. Thu c trn nhng con th c ngh ngi trc khigit m v khng b stress trong sut qu trnh h tht.+ Tht PSE (pale nht mu, soft mm, excudative r dch): Tht cmu b nht , mm nho, b mt khng ro c r nc pH ca tht thp =6.4. N cng thng xuthin trong cc quy tht nhng con th b stress trc khi h tht,nhng do

chng cha nhiu nc t do nn gip vi khun pht trin nhanh.1.1.2. Cu trc ca tht [14]Ph thuc vo vai tr ,chc nng v thnh phn ha hc ,ngi ta chia thttghnh cc loi m nh sau: m c, m lin kt ,m xng, m m, m mu


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CNCB xc xch heo tit trngGVHD: ThS. Nguyn Th Thanh BnhLoi mTht heo (%)M c


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40-62M m15-40M lin kt6-8M xng sn

8-18M mu0.6 0.8Bng 1: Thnh phn cc m c trong tht heoTrong sn xut xc xch, ngi ta quan tm n cc loi m sau:

a. M c

y l loi m chim t l cao nht trong cu to ca tht. N bao gmnhiu si t c xp thnh b, cc si c c cu to t miozin hoc actin.Chc nng ch yu ca n l thc hin hot ng co gin.Thnh phn ho hc ca m c: nc chim t l: 72%-75%, protein 18%-21%. Cn li l cc thnh phn khc: glucid, lipit, khong, vitamin

b. M lin kt:y l loi m c phn b rng ri c vai tr lin kt cc si t c, cc

b c li vi nhau, to cu trc cht ch cho tht .c. M m:

M m c to thnh t cc t bo m lin kt vi nhau di dng lixp. Lng m m trong cu trc tht nhiu hay t ph thuc vo ging loi ,gii tnh v iu kin nui dng.1.1.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca tht heo[2]Thnh phn dinh dng c trong 100gr tht heo


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CNCB xc xch heo tit trngGVHD: ThS. Nguyn Th Thanh BnhTht heo

Nc(%)

Protein(%)Lipit(%)Gluco(%)Tro(%)

Nng lng(%)

Nc73

197.00.41.0143Trung bnh60.916.521.50.31.1268M47.514.537.50.20.7406Thnh phn acid amin khng thay th trong protein tht heo:Acid amin%Acid amin

%Leusin7.5Trytophan1.4Isoleusin4.9Phenylalanine4.1


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Lyzin7.8Theronin5.1Valin5.0

Agrinin6.4Methionin2.5Histidin3.2Hm lng cht khong c trong tht: (mg/100gr tht)Tht heoCaMgFeK

NaP

Nc10.9292.2442161150Trung bnh13.2412.3442129170M2.5422.5442148180

Ngoi ra trong tht cn c mt s vitamin c hm lng cao nh: vitaminB1 (0.75 - 0,95mg/100gr), vitamin B2 (0.25 - 0.4 mg%), vitamin B6 (0.42 - 0.5mg%), acid pentotenic (0.7-1.5 mg%), v mt s cc vitamin khc nh: vitaminC, vitamin D, vitamin A c hm lng nh hn.1.1.4. Cc dng h hng tht [16],[17]Tht trong qu trnh bo qun c th b bin cht v h hng . Nguynnhn l do bo qun tht trong nhng u kin khng thch hp, to iu kinthun li cho cc enzim v vi sinh vt c sn trong tht pht trin.

Nhng bin i ny dn n h hng v cm quan, hnh thnh nhng cht


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c hi . Nhng hin tng h hng ca tht thng gp l: nht , thi ra, lnmen chua, s thay i mu sc v mc.a. Sinh nht (h a nhy ):1.2. M heo [18]1.2.1. c im- M thng dng trong sn xut xc xch tit trng l m cng nh: m

gy, m lng, m i, m nng v to nh tt hn m sa, m chi.- M cng c t l acid bo bo ho cng cao th kh nng to nh cngcao.1.2.2. Cng dng- M heo l ngun cung cp cht bo.- M c tc dng lm tng dnh bo, bng, lm tng gi tr cmquan cho sn phm.- Gip tn dng ngun nguyn liu v lm gim gi thnh, tng hiu qukinh t

CNCB xc xch heo tit trng1.3. Da heo [18]1.3.1. c imDa heo thng s dng l da lng, da khng qu cng (do heo gi) vcng khng qu mm (heo non) to ra sn phm v c s kt dnh tt hn mt nh hng n mn ca sn phm.1.3.2. Cng dng- Da heo c s dng trong ch bin xc xch nhm lm tng kh nngkt dnh, tng dai cho xc xch.- Gip tn dng ngun nguyn liu v lm gim gi thnh, tng hiu qukinh t


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2. Ph li 2.1. vy [19]2.2.1. C dng

- vy c vait rt quan trng trong qu trnh ch bin, gi cho vi cgi nhi t thp (di 120C hn ch s phttri n ca vi sinh vt.- L dung mi gi p ha tan cc cht ph giaNc vy nh hng n kh nng to nh tng, tham gia vo vi cto cu trc v trng thi ca sn phm thc phm ch bin, ng thilm tng m cng nh trng lng ca sn phm.- Trong qu trnh xay gim s ma st xy ra gi a cc dao v nguyn li ua vo.- Ngoi ra vy cn c s dng bo qun thc phm khi nhp hngv trong qu trnh ch bin


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