7/24/2019 Ranking de Competitividad Per

1/2

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Institutions

Infrastructure

Macroeconomic

environment

Health and

primary

education

Higher education

and training

Goods market

efficiency

Labor market efficiency

Financial market

development

Technological

readiness

Market size

Business

sophistication

Innovation

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Key indicators, 2014

Population (millions) ........................................ 31.4

GDP (US$ billions) ........................................ 202.9

GDP per capita (US$) ................................... 6,458

GDP (PPP) as share (%) of world total ............ 0.34

Global Competitiveness Index

GCI 20152016 ................... ...................... ............. 69 ..... 4.2

GCI 20142015 (out of 144) .....................................65 ......4.2

GCI 20132014 (out of 148) .....................................61 ......4.3

GCI 20122013 (out of 144) .....................................61 ......4.3

Basic requirements (40.0%) .......................................76 ......4.5

1st pillar: Institutions ............................................... 116 ......3.3

2nd pillar: Infrastructure ............................................ 89 ......3.5

3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment .................... 23 ......5.9

4th pillar: Health and primary education ................. 100 ......5.3

Efficiency enhancers (50.0%) .....................................60 ......4.2

5th pillar: Higher education and training ................... 82 ......4.1

6th pillar: Goods market efficiency ............................60 ......4.4

7th pillar: Labor market efficiency ............................. 64 ......4.3

8th pillar: Financial market development ................... 30 ......4.5

9th pillar: Technological readiness ............................ 88 ......3.410th pillar: Market size.............................................. 48 ......4.4

Innovation and sophistication factors (10.0%) .........106 ......3.3

11th pillar: Business sophistication .......................... 81 ......3.8

12th pillar: Innovation ............................................. 116 ......2.8

The most problematic factors for doing business

Inefficient government bureaucracy ...................................18.7

Restrictive labor regulations ...............................................16.6

Corruption .........................................................................14.1

Inadequate supply of infrastructure ......................................9.9

Policy instability ...................................................................7.4

Crime and theft ...................................................................6.8

Inadequately educated workforce ........................................6.8

Complexity of tax regulations ...............................................6.0

Tax rates ..............................................................................5.5

Access to financing .............................................................2.5

Poor work ethic in labor force ..............................................2.0

Insufficient capacity to innovate ...........................................1.9

Poor public health ...............................................................1.0

Government instability/coups ..............................................0.7

Foreign currency regulations ................................................0.0Inflation ................................................................................0.0

Peru

Peru Latin America and the Caribbean

GDP (PPP) per capita (intl $), 19902014

Rank Score(out of 140) (17)

Score*

2: Country/Economy Profiles

294 | The Global Competitiveness Report 20152016

Factordriven

Efficiencydriven

Innovationdriven

1Transition

12 2Transition

23 3

Stage of development

* From the list of factors, respondents were asked to select the five most problematic for doing business in their country and to rank them between 1 (most problematic) and 5. The score

corresponds to the responses weighted according to their rankings.

Peru Latin America and the Caribbean

2015 World Economic Forum

7/24/2019 Ranking de Competitividad Per

2/2

INDICATOR VALUE RANK/140

6th pillar: Goods market efficiency (contd.)

6.06 No. procedures to start a business* .......................... 6 ............57

6.07 No. days to start a business* ...............................26.0 ..........106

6.08 Agricultural policy costs.......................................... 3.7 ............83

6.09 Prevalence of non-tariff barriers .............................. 4.1 ..........101

6.10 Trade tariffs, % duty* ..............................................1.8 ............35

6.11 Prevalence of foreign ownership ............................. 5.0 ............46

6.12 Business impact of rules on FDI ............................. 4.9 ............40

6.13 Burden of customs procedures .............................. 3.8 ............76

6.14 Imports as a percentage of GDP* ........................ 24.6 ..........127

6.15 Degree of customer orientation .............................. 4.8 ............56

6.16 Buyer sophistication ...............................................3.5 ............55

7th pillar: Labor market efficiency

7.01 Cooperation in labor-employer relations .................4.3 ............69

7.02 Flexibility of wage determination ............................. 5.7 ............21

7.03 Hiring and firing practices .......................................2.7 ..........133

7.04 Redundancy costs, weeks of salary* ....................11.4 ............43

7.05 Effect of taxation on incentives to work ..................3.2 ..........112

7.06 Pay and productivity...............................................3.8 ............83 7.07 Reliance on professional management ...................4.3 ............64

7.08 Country capacity to retain talent ............................. 3.8 ............42

7.09 Country capacity to attract talent ........................... 3.7 ............47

7.10 Women in labor force, ratio to men* .....................0.80 ............74

8th pillar: Financial market development

8.01 Availability of financial services ............................... 4.7 ............53

8.02 Affordability of financial services ............................. 4.1 ............68

8.03 Financing through local equity market ....................3.7 ............58

8.04 Ease of access to loans .........................................3.2 ............43

8.05 Venture capital availability .......................................3.1 ............43

8.06 Soundness of banks ..............................................5.7 ............30

8.07 Regulation of securities exchanges ........................ 5.1 ............27

8.08 Legal rights index, 012 (best)* .................................8 ............17

9th pillar: Technological readiness 9.01 Availability of latest technologies ............................ 4.5 ............84

9.02 Firm-level technology absorption ............................ 4.5 ............77

9.03 FDI and technology transfer ...................................4.9 ............33

9.04 Individuals using Internet, %* ...............................40.2 ............88

9.05 Fixed-broadband Internet subscriptions/100 pop.* .. 5.7 ........ ....80

9.06 Intl Internet bandwidth, kb/s per user* ................36.4 ............66

9.07 Mobile-broadband subscriptions/100 pop.* .........13.7 ..........106

10th pillar: Market size

10.01 Domestic market size index, 17 (best)* .................4.3 ............45

10.02 Foreign market size index, 17 (best)* ....................4.8 ............62

10.03 GDP (PPP$ billions)* ..........................................371.3 ............46

10.04 Exports as a percentage of GDP* ........................22.2 ..........120

11th pillar: Business sophistication11.01 Local supplier quantity ...........................................4.7 ............49

11.02 Local supplier quality ..............................................4.3 ............61

11.03 State of cluster development..................................3.2 ..........104

11.04 Nature of competitive advantage ............................ 2.8 ..........112

11.05 Value chain breadth ................................................ 3.4 ..........104

11.06 Control of international distribution ......................... 3.6 ............92

11.07 Production process sophistication .......................... 3.6 ............89

11.08 Extent of marketing ................................................ 4.4 ............59

11.09 Willingness to delegate authority ............................ 3.8 ............64

12th pillar: Innovation

12.01 Capacity for innovation ...........................................3.6 ..........105

12.02 Quality of scientific research institutions ................. 2.9 ..........117

12.03 Company spending on R&D ...................................2.7 ..........115

12.04 University-industry collaboration in R&D .................3.1 ..........108

12.05 Govt procurement of advanced tech products ...... 2.7 ..........12312.06 Availability of scientists and engineers ....................3.2 ..........117

12.07 PCT patents, applications/million pop.* ..................0.3 ............84

INDICATOR VALUE RANK/140

1st pillar: Institutions

1.01 Property rights ....................................................... 3.8 ..........104

1.02 Intellectual property protection ............................... 3.3 ..........104

1.03 Diversion of public funds ........................................2.5 ..........114

1.04 Public trust in politicians .........................................1.8 ..........130

1.05 Irregular payments and bribes ................................3.9 ............72

1.06 Judicial independence ............................................2.8 ..........112

1.07 Favoritism in decisions of government officials ....... 2.5 ..........109

1.08 Wastefulness of government spending ...................2.4 ..........117

1.09 Burden of government regulation ........................... 2.4 ..........133

1.10 Efficiency of legal framework in settling disputes .... 2.6 ..........130

1.11 Efficiency of legal framework in challenging regs. ... 2.7 ..........118

1.12 Transparency of government policymaking .............3.9 ............82

1.13 Business costs of terrorism ....................................4.2 ..........123

1.14 Business costs of crime and violence..................... 2.9 ..........129

1.15 Organized crime ..................................................... 3.0 ..........133

1.16 Reliability of police services ....................................2.6 ..........135

1.17 Ethical behavior of firms .........................................3.5 ..........106

1.18 Strength of auditing and reporting standards ......... 5.1 ............41

1.19 Efficacy of corporate boards ..................................5.2 ............39 1.20 Protection of minority shareholders interests .........4.2 ............57

1.21 Strength of investor protection, 010 (best)* ..........6.2 ............39

2nd pillar: Infrastructure

2.01 Quality of overall infrastructure ............................... 3.2 ..........112

2.02 Quality of roads ...................................................... 3.0 ..........111

2.03 Quality of railroad infrastructure .............................. 1.9 ............94

2.04 Quality of port infrastructure ...................................3.6 ............86

2.05 Quality of air transport infrastructure....................... 4.1 ............82

2.06 Available airline seat km/week, millions* .............533.3 ............42

2.07 Quality of electricity supply .....................................4.7 ............70

2.08 Mobile telephone subscriptions/100 pop.* .........102.9 ............93

2.09 Fixed-telephone lines/100 pop.* ............................. 9.9 ............84

3rd pillar: Macroeconomic environment

3.01 Government budget balance, % GDP* ................. 0.1 ............24

3.02 Gross national savings, % GDP* .......................... 22.7 ............53

3.03 Inflation, annual % change* ....................................3.2 ............62

3.04 General government debt, % GDP* .....................20.7 ............16

3.05 Country credit rating, 0100 (best)* ...................... 66.3 ............41

4th pillar: Health and primary education

4.01 Malaria cases/100,000 pop.* ............................. 190.1 ............37

4.02 Business impact of malaria ....................................5.8 ............15

4.03 Tuberculosis cases/100,000 pop.* .....................124.0 ............98

4.04 Business impact of tuberculosis ............................. 5.0 ............92

4.05 HIV prevalence, % adult pop.* ............................... 0.4 ............74

4.06 Business impact of HIV/AIDS .................................5.4 ............76

4.07 Infant mortality, deaths/1,000 live births* ..............12.9 ............67

4.08 Life expectancy, years* .........................................74.8 ............60

4.09 Quality of primary education ...................................2.2 ..........136 4.10 Primary education enrollment, net %* ..................91.8 ............85

5th pillar: Higher education and training

5.01 Secondary education enrollment, gross %* ..........94.0 ............59

5.02 Tertiary education enrollment, gross %*................40.6 ............66

5.03 Quality of the education system ............................. 2.5 ..........130

5.04 Quality of math and science education ..................2.2 ..........137

5.05 Quality of management schools ............................. 4.1 ............71

5.06 Internet access in schools ......................................3.7 ............95

5.07 Availability of specialized training services ..............4.1 ............73

5.08 Extent of staff training ............................................3.7 ............92

6th pillar: Goods market efficiency

6.01 Intensity of local competition ..................................5.2 ............58

6.02 Extent of market dominance ..................................3.5 ............84

6.03 Effectiveness of anti-monopoly policy .....................3.8 ............64 6.04 Effect of taxation on incentives to invest .................3.4 ............88

6.05 Total tax rate, % profits* .......................................36.0 ............65

Peru

Notes: Values are on a 1-to-7 scale unless otherwise annotated with an asterisk (*). For further details and explanation, please refer to the section How to Read

the Country/Economy Profiles on page 89.

The Global Competitiveness Index in detail

The Global Competiti veness Report 20152016 | 295

2: Country/Economy Profiles

2015 World Economic Forum