=re ud¾f.damfoaYh€¦ · N+f.da, úoHdj.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh 8 fY%AKsh ^2017 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fõ& iudchSh úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh uyr.u i

N+f.da, úoHdj

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

8 fY%AKsh

^2017 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fõ&

iudchSh úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

uyr.uwww.nie.lk

i

iii

N+f.da, úoHdjfY%aKsh 11.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

m%:u uqøKh

© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ISBN

iudchSh úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=jNdId udkj Ydia;% yd iudc úoHd mSGhcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khuyr.u

fjí wvúh : www.nie.lkúoHq;a ;emE, : [email protected]

iii

wOHCI ckrd,a;=ñhf.a mKsúvh

iv

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a ysñf.a mKsúvh

bf.kqu" mq`M,a lafIa;%hl úyso hkakls' th Ôú; w;suy;a njg o" b;d u ir, njg o m;alrhs'

ukqIHhd bf.kqï l=i,;djfhka W;alDIag h' udkj iudc ixj¾Okh flakaø fldg .;a rgla"

iudchla nqoaêh úiska y÷kd.;a wiïu;hka neyer lsÍug o iqNdú;hka ;=<ska kj f,djla ks¾udKh

lr .ekSug o fuj,u lr.kq ,nkafka bf.kquhs'

bf.kqu i|yd jákd hula o" bf.kqï l%u fõohka yd myiqlï o wOHdmkh jgd ks¾udKh úh hq;=

h' úIhud,dj" úIh ks¾foaYh" ud¾f.damfoaY" iqidOHlrejka bf.kqï lafIa;%hg tlajkqfha fï

wdldrfhks'

kQ;k Y%S ,xldj f.da,Sh m%jK;djka fuka u mqrd;k Wreuhka o iïñY%Kh lr .ksñka iaùh

wOHdmk rgdjla ysñ lrf.k we;' ld,Sk wjYH;d u; m%;sixialrKhka ;=<ska jir wglg jrla

hdj;ald,Sk jk úIhud,dfõ bf.kqï iïm;la f,i fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ks¾udKh fõ'

úIfhys wruqKqj, ix.;;dj cd;sl uÜgñka mj;ajd.; hq;= h' tfy;a .=re ud¾f.damfoaYfhys

bf.kqï l%ufõohka" wl=rlaj;a fjkia fkdfldg ms<smeÈh hq;a;la kï fkdfõ' úIh ks¾foaYfh

ys ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï" idOkh ùu i|yd úIh wka;¾.;h ;=<ska bf.kqï m, iïm%dma;sh

msKsi bf.kqï l%ufõo ks¾udKYS,S j fjkialr .ekSug iqidOHlrejkag meyeÈ,sj u bvla we;s

nj i|yka lrñ' YsIH idOk m%;sY;h by< uÜgulg .ekSu i|yd Woõ jk" myiqlï i,ik .=re

N+ñldjg lsishï m%fõYhla i|yd ks¾udKh jk .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh YslaIlhdg o fo.=rekg o

Ndú; l< yelsh' wod< fm< fmd;g iylrejl= jk .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ;j;a fm< fmd;la

fkdjk nj oek .=reNj;=ka fm< fmd; yd .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh hk iïm;a øjH fol u Ndú; l<

hq;= h'

ta ta úIhhkays idOkh ms<sn| we.hSï isÿlrk cd;sl uÜgfï mÍlaIljrfhl= jQj o wfmalaId lrk

idOkhka" úIh b.ekaùug u. fmkajk iqidOHlrejka úiska mdvu wjidkfhys mka;s ldurfha

§ orejka iu. m%;HlaIlrKhg m;aúh hq;= h' tu tald;añl ùu i|yd jQ m%fndaOd;aul ixialD;shla

f.dvk.d .ekSug .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh myqrla" hd;%djla lr.kq we;ehs wdhdpkd mQ¾jl j wfmalaId

lrñ'

wdpd¾h mQcH udUq,af.dv iqukr;k ysñ

mSGdêm;s"

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a

NdId" udkj Ydia;% yd iudc úoHd mSGh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

v

úIhud,d lñgqj

WmfoaYl;ajh yd wkque;sh Ydia;%Sh lghq;= uKav,h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

úIh iïnkaëlrKh tï' mS' rxckS Okj¾OkwOHCI" iudchSh úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j

úIh úfYaI{ iydh

uydpd¾h tï' tï' lreKdkdhl Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h

uydpd¾h tka' fla' ox.,a, le<Ksh úYajúoHd,h

f,aLl uKav,h

ndysr iïm;a odhl;ajh

wd¾'ã'ta'kkaokS rEmisxy ksfhdacH m%ldYk flduidßia"wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

wd¾' Ô' mSßia ^úY%dñl& ksfhdacH úNd. flduidßia

tia' tï' ohdkkao ^úY%dñl& jHdmD;s ks,Odß" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

tï' fla' lsxia,s m%shka; lÓldpd¾h" reyqKq cd;sl wOHdmk úoHdmSGh'

tï'tÉ'tï' hdl=;a ^úY%dñl& m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,Odß" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

fÊ' ta' î' ySkaflkao .=re WmfoaYl" l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h"uykqjr

jks;d j,amsgf.a .=re WmfoaYl" l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h"fydrK

fla' fla' hQ' .=Kr;ak .=re fiajh" fmd,amdf.dv kfjdaoHd mdi,"hlal,uq,a,'

Ô'ví,sõ' Ô' fÊ' nKavdr .=re fiajh" uydud;H úoHd,h" w;=re.sßh'

tï' W,.kdoka rd., fou< uyd úoHd,h" y,a.rkaTh'

à' rú pkaøka yhs,kaâ úoHd,h" yegka

mS'tia' fudayka .=re fiajh" yjqfma fou< úoHd,h" lyj;a;

tï pkaøl=ud¾ .=re fiajh" r;akmqr fou< uyd úoHd,h" r;akmqr

wNHka;r iïm;a odhl;ajh

tï' mS' rxckS Okj¾Ok wOHCI"

iudchSh úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j'

tia' lreKdlrka lÓldpd¾h"iudchSh úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j'

NdId ixialrKh

iqis,a isßfiak uhd lÓldpd¾h" cd;sl wOHdmk úoHd mSGh" ydmsá.u

vi

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia

fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh iEu úIh tallhla i|yd u wka;¾.;h" bf.kqï m, yd bf.kqï

- b.ekaùï l%ufõo" ;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl lsysmhla o bosßm;a lr we;' iEu ksmqK;d

uÜgulg u wod< j bosßm;a lr we;s bf.kqï m, flfrys úfYaI wjOdkh fhduqlr w;HjYHfhka

u b.ekaúh hq;= úIh iSudjka f;areï .ekSu l< hq;= h' tu úIh iSudj,ska Tíng wjYH lreKq

fidhd .ekSug isiqka fm<Uùu .=rejrhd úiska isÿ l< hq;===h'

bosßm;a lr we;s bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõo ta ta ksmqK;d uÜgug" úIh wka;¾.;hg yd

mka;s ldurfha isák YsIH ixLHdjg" ld,hg yd oekqug WÑ; mßos ks¾udKYS,S j f.dvk.d .;

hq;= h' óg wu;r j fjk;a úêhl iqÿiq bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõo y÷kdf.k ksmqK;d uÜgug

WÑ; mßos ie,iqï lr .ekSu i|yd Tng mQ¾K ksoyi we;' fuu l%ufõo ie,iqï lsÍfï oS isiqkag

m%shckl" l%shdldÍ bf.kqï w;aoelSï ,nd .ekSug yelsjk mßos ilid .ekSu jvd;a iqÿiq h'

.=rejrhd úiska ie,iqï lrk ,o mdvug wod< j .=Kd;aul fhojqï Ndú; l< hq;= h'

fmdÿfõ N+f.da, úoHd úIh i|yd fhdod.; yels .=Kd;aul fhojqï f,i wdo¾Y f,dalf.da,h"

ì;a;s is;shï ^,xld$f,dal& weÜ,ia is;shï fmd;a" fm<fmd;" f;dr;=re m;%sld jeks uQ,dY%hka

ye¢kaúh yels h' óg wu;r j Tn ilia lr .kakd mdvug wod< j WÑ; .=Kd;aul fhojqï ta ta

wjia:dj, § iqúfYaIS j fhdod .ekSu l< yels h'

bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh u.ska wfmaCIs; bf.kqï m, isiqka úiska idCId;alr .;a nj

;yjqre lr.ekSu i|yd;a" isiqka <`.dlr.;a m%ùK;d uÜgu y÷kd .ekSu i|yd;a myiqfjka fhdod

.; yels jevms<sfj, ;lafiarej yd we.hSu f,i y÷kajd Èh yels h' YsIH m%n,;d yd ÿn,;d

y÷kdf.k" ÿn,;d we;s whf.a .eg¨ u.yrjd .ekSug;a" m%n,;d jeäÈhqKq lsÍug;a .=rejrhdg

tu.ska yelshdj ,efnhs' ta wkqj fhdod.; yels bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,shg wod< j ks¾Kdhl

myla y÷kdf.k ;lafiarej yd we.hSu isÿ l< hq;= h'

mka;shg wod< fm<fmd; tla uQ,dY%hla muKs' Bg wu;r j fjk;a uQ,dY% o bf.kqï -

b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd fhdod .ekSu b;d jeo.;ah' m%dfhda.sl w;aoelSï ,efnk fia bf.kqï -

b.ekaùï l%shdj,s ixúOdkh lr .ekSfuka wfmalaIs; ksmqK;d uÜgu lrd isiqka f.k hd yels fõ'

úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.; lreKq yd úIh ixl,am jvd id¾:l bf.kqï w;aoelSï njg

m;alsÍu i|yd iEu YsIHhl=g u iyNd.Súh yels jevigyka iïmdokh lsÍu mdi,a l<ukdldÍ;ajfha

j.lSula fldg ie,fla' my; oelafjkafka N+f.da, úoHdj úIhg wod< j mdi, ;=< l%shd;aul l<

yels jevigyka lsysmhls'

• N+f.da, úoHd ix.uhla msysgqùu

fuu.ska oekqu ñkqu jevigyka" újdo" m%o¾Yk" wOHdmk pdßld ixúOdkh" iïuka;%K"

isiqka fufyhjk nqoaê uKav, idlÉPd" Y%uodk" ì;a;s mqj;am;a yd jdr m%ldYk jeks úúO

ld¾hhka i|yd isiqka fhduq l< yelsh' tfiau úIh iïnkaO j we;s .eg¨ ksrdlrKhg"

úIh yd iïnkaO jQ .=re" isiq msßi y÷kd .ekSug yd isiq olaI;d y÷kd .ekSug o wjia:dj

,efí'

• N+f.da, úoHd ldurhla ieliSu

fuh isiqkaf.a oekqu j¾Okhg fukau úIh ms<sn| isiqka ;=< wNsudkj;a ye`.Sula we;s

lsÍug b;d m%fhdackj;ah' úIhg wod< úúO m%ldYk" is;shï" bf.kqï WmlrK mßyrKhg

fuu.ska wjia:dj ,efí' wOHdmk wud;Hdxfha wxl Bã$01$05$02$02$55AL" 2012$05$10

oske;s ,smsh n,kak'

vii

• l=vd m%udKfha m¾fhaIK jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lsÍu

iïm;a mqoa.,hska" úIhg wod< f;dr;=re ,nd.; yels wdh;k" uqøs; yd úoHq;a uQ,dY% wdÈh

fhdod f.k úúO jd¾;d ieliSug yd bosßm;a lsÍug fm<Uùu'

• N+f.da, úoHd úIhg wod< jevuq`M yd iïuka;%K meje;aùu

• mßir ixfõoS;dj isiqka ;=< j¾Okh lsÍug WmldÍjk jevigyka ixúOdkh lsÍu'

) m%foaYfha mj;sk mdßißl ixúOdk iu`. tla j lghq;= lsÍug isiqka osß.ekaùu'

) lDIs jkj.d jHdmD;s

) mdi,a yß; ;Srh yd Tiq Whka j.dj

) mdi,a mßir kshuq Ng lKavdhï msysgqùu

) mßir ixfõoS mdi,a kdgH ks¾udKh lsÍu

) mßir ys;ldó NdKav mßyrKhg fhduq lsÍu

• isiq ks¾udK yd lafIa;% igyka fmd;a i|yd j¾K yd ;Hd. m%odkh lsÍu

• N+f.da, úoHd úIhg wod< wdlD;s WmlrK ks¾udKh lsÍfï wjia:d we;s lsÍu

• úoHq;a udOH Wmfhda.Slr .ksñka úIh oekqu j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq ls%hdud¾. wkq.ukh

lsÍu

) CD/ DVD ;eá

) mß.Kl jev igyka

) rEmjdyskS jev igyka

) wka;¾cd,h

úIhud,d lñgqj

viii

mgqk

msgqj

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh iii

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh iv

úIhud,d lñgqj v

.=re w;afmd; mßYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia vi - vii

mgqk viii

úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;h ix - xviii

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia

1 tallh 01 - 08

2 tallh 09 - 16

3 tallh 17 - 28

4 tallh 29 - 37

úúO iyh 38

bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia

1

8'1 fi!r.%y uKav,h

ksmqK;dj ( fN!;sl yd udkqI N+ o¾Ykfha ixrpl .;s ,CIK yd l%shdj,s ms<sn|

wjfndaOfhka lghq;= lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'1'1 fi!r.%y uKav,fha ixhq;sh yd l%shdldß;ajh úia;r lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 8 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( • rEm igyka weiqßka fi!r.%y uKav,fha ixhq;sh olajhs'

• iQ¾hhd" .%yf,dal yd Wm.%yhskaf.a .;s ,CIK úia;r lrhs'

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia (

úYajh ;=< we;s fi!r.%y uKav, ì,shk .Kkdjla w;=ßka wm Ôj;ajk mDÓúh wh;ajk

fi!r.%y uKav,h ms<sn| oekqula iy wjfndaOhla ,nd.ekSu jeo.;a fõ' úfYaIfhka fi!r.%y

uKav,hg wh;a iQ¾hhd" .%yf,dal" Wm.%yhska iy .%yl ms<sn|j;a ̂ fi!r.%y uKav,h ;=<& tajdfha

.;s ,CIK ms<sn|j;a ir, wjfndaOhla ,nd§u;a" fi!r.%y uKav,h ms<sn| we;s úYajdi yd kj

fidhd .ekSï ms<sn|j;a idlÉPd lsÍu fuu tallfhka wfmaCId flfrhs' fuu tallh i|yd

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï mßirhla f.dv ke.Sfï § wka;¾cd,fhka ksjeros f;dr;=re ,ndf.k Ndú;

l< yelsfõ'

fuu tallh wdjrKh lsÍu i|yd ld,Éfþo 12la ,ndoS we;s w;r thska úIh ksmqK;d

uÜgu 8'1'1 i|yd ld,Éfþo 08la yd 8'1'2 i|yd ld,Éfþo 04la o fjka lr we;' l%shdldÍ

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,shla fuu tallfha bf.kqï m, <`.d lr .ekSu i|yd fhdod .; yelsh'

fï i|yd wdlD;s ks¾udKh" mska;+r" rEm igyka" wka;¾cd, f;dr;=re wdÈh Ndú; lsÍu b;d

jeo.;a fõ' fujeks Ndú;hl § wfmaCIs; ksmqK;d uÜgï lrd orejka fhduq lsÍug myiq jkq we;'

fi!r.%y uKav,fha ixhq;sh

iQ¾hhd yd ta jgd N%uKh jk úúO jia;= fi!r.%y uKav,hg wh;a fõ'

• iQ¾hhd

• .%yf,dal

• Wm.%yhka

• .%yl

W,aldmd; yd OQufla;= hkq fi!r.%y uKav,h ;=< we;s .%yl mDÓú jdhqf.da,hg we;=¿ ùfuka

ks¾udKh jk ixisoaëka h'

• iQ¾hhd

- fi!r.%y uKav,fha m%uqLhd fuka u Yla;s m%Njh o iQ¾hhdfõ' ;jo" fi!r.%y uKav,fha

meje;au iQ¾hhd u; mokï fõ'

- iQ¾hhd úYajfha mj;sk úYd, ;drldjls' th mDÓú ialkaOh fuka 332900la muK fõ'

2

- iQ¾hhdf.a .=re;aj n,fhka fi!r.%y uKav,fha iEu .%y jia;=jla u ;ud foig we|

.kakd w;r tu .%y jia;= b;d fõ.fhka .uka lsÍu ksid iEu úgu iQ¾hhdf.ka bj;g

hdug W;aidy orhs' fuu l%shdjka fofla iunr;dj ksid tu .%y jia;= iQ¾hhd jgd tajdg

úfYaI jQ .uka ud¾. Tiafia .uka lrhs' fuu .uka ud¾. lCI f,i yeòska fõ'

- iQ¾hhd uq`Mukska u jdhqj,ska ieÿï,;a f.da,hla jk w;r tys we;s yhsv%cka ^H2& jdhqj

yS,shï ^He& njg mßj¾;kh lsÍfuka Yla;sh yd wdf,dalh ks¾udKh fõ'

- iQ¾hhdf.a u;=msg WIaK;ajh 5500oC muK jk w;r tys yrfha WIaK;ajh ñ,shk 15oC

muK fõ'

- fi!r.%y uKav,fha uq¿ ialkaOfhka 98'6]lau iQ¾hhd i;= h'

- mDÓúfha úIalïNh fuka 109 jdrhla iQ¾hhdf.a úIalïNh úYd,fõ'

• .%yf,dal

- iQ¾hhd jgd .uka lrk jia;= w;r .%yf,dal y÷kd .ekSu i|yd my; w¾: oelaùï Ndú;

lrhs'

1. ;rejla jgd .uka lrk ;rejla fkdjk jia;=jls'

2. f.da,dldr fyda Bg iudk yevhla iys; .=re;ajdl¾IK n,hla iy ialkaOhla

we;s jia;=jls'

3. iEu .%y jia;=jlg u ;udg úfYaIs; .uka u.la yd wjldYSh m%foaYhla mej;Su'

- iq¾hhd jgd .uka lrk .%yf,dal wgls' nqo" isl=re" mDÓúh" w`.yre" fikiqre" n%yiam;s"

hqf¾kia" fkmapQka tajd fõ'

- ish¨ u .%yf,dal iQ¾hhd jgd mßN%uKh jkafka b,smaiSh lCIhla Tiafiah'

- ishü .%yf,dal ;ud jgd lerflñka mj;S' th N%uKh f,i ye`Èkafõ'

• Wm.%yhska

- .%yfhla jgd tu .%yhdf.a jmißh ;=< mßN%uKh jk l=vd mßjdr .%yf,dal Wm.%yhka

f,i yeòskafõ' fïjd pkaøhska f,i o y÷kajhs'

- we;eï .%yf,dalj,g iïnkaO Wm.%yhska ke;s w;r we;eï .%yf,dalj,g tllg jeä

Wm.%yhska ixLHdjla we;' wfma mDÓúhg tl Wm.%yfhla we;' th pkaøhd kñka ye¢kafõ'

- fi!r.%y uKav,h ;=< we;s fujeks Wm.%yhska 156la muKla y÷kd f.k we;'

- Wm.%yhska Èÿ,k jia;= f,i oDYHudk jkafka tajdg iQ¾hdf,dalh ,eîfuka miqj tu

wdf,dalh mrdj¾;kh ùu ksidh'

• .%yl

- .%yl hkq úúO úYd,;ajhla iys; >K jQ mdIdK len,s fõ' fïjd .%yf,dalj, len,s

fyda .%yf,dal njg ilia ùug fkdyels jQ len,s h'

- w`.yre - n%yiam;s w;r jQ l,dmfha fuu .%yl len,s j,ska ieÈ j<,a,la msysgd we;'

- .%yl j<,af,a úúO m%udKfhka yd yevfhka hq;= .%yl len,s ñ,shk .Kkdjla mj;S'

- fuu ish¨ len,s iQ¾hhd jgd mßN%uKh fjhs'

3

- fi!r.%y uKav,g wh;a .%yf,dal wNHka;r .%yf,dal yd ndysr .%yf,dal jYfhka

.%yf,dal ldKav follg fjka lrhs'

- wNHka;r .%yf,dal yd ndysr .%yf,dal fjka fldg kï lsÍu yd úia;r lsÍu fm< fmd;

weiqfrka isÿ flf¾'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

- fi!r.%y uKav,h yd tys l%shdldß;ajh oelafjk ùäfhda o¾Yk ^DVD/VCD&

- fi!r.%y uKav,fha kj fidhd .ekSï yd kj oekqu we;=<;a ùäfhda o¾Yk yd wka;¾cd,

f;dr;=re

- úYajh ms<sn| f;dr;=re we;=<;a mqj;am;a$jd¾;d$i`.rd$ùäfhda o¾Yk

- fi!r.%y uKav,h oelafjk mska;+r$wdlD;s

- iQ¾hhd yd tys f;dr;=re we;=<;a m;%sld$mska;+r

- .%yf,dal ms<sn| f;dr;=re we;=<;a m;%sld$mska;+r

- Wm.%yhska yd .%yl jeks wdldY jia;= ms<sn| f;dr;=re we;=<;a úia;r m;%sld

we.hSï yd ;lafiare ks¾Kdhl (

• fi!r.%y uKav,h hkq l=ula oehs úia;r lrhs'

• fi!r.%y uKav,h ;=< we;s wdldY jia;= kï lrhs'

• iQ¾hhd ms<sn| uQ,sl úia;r bÈßm;a lrhs'

• iq¾hhd" fi!r.%y uKav,fha flakaøSh .%y jia;+j f,i meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• fi!r.%y uKav,fha iQ¾hhdg idfmaCIj wfkl=;a .%yjia;+ka wkqms<sfj<ska kï lrhs'

• tla tla .%yf,dalh ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

• wNHka;r yd ndysr jYfhka .%yf,dal ldKav follg fjka lr tajd kï lrhs'

• ish¨ u .%yf,dal N%uKh jk jia;= jk w;r tajd iQ¾hhd jgd mßN%uKh jk nj meyeÈ,s

lrh'

• nqO yd isl=re yereKq úg wfkl=;a ish¨ u .%yf,dalj,g Wm.%yhka úúO m%udKhkaf.ka

iukaú; nj m%ldY lrhs'

• Wm.%yhka" pkaøhka f,i Èiajkafka tu .%yhka u;g iQ¾hdf,dalh m;s; ù wdf,dalh

mrdj¾;kh lrk ksid nj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• .%yl f,i y÷kd .kafka úúO m%udKfhka hq;a mdIdK len,s nj úia;r lrhs'

• fi!r.%y uKav,fha .%yl j<,a,la w`.yre yd n%yiam;s .%yf,dal w;r we;s nj úia;r lrhs'

• .%yf,dal" Wm.%yhka yd .%yl iQ¾hhd jgd mßN%uKh jk nj m%ldY lrhs'

4

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'1'2 fi!r.%y uKav,h yd ne£ mj;sk úYajdi iy kj oekqu úu¾Ykh

lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 4 hs

bf.kqï m, ( • fi!r.%y uKav,h yd ne£ mj;sk úYajdi ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

• .%yf,dal ms<sn| kj oekqu yd iïnkaO f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

mdvu ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia (

fuu mdvu u.ska wfmaCId lrkafka fi!r.%y uKav,h yd ne£ mj;akd úYajdi

ms<sn| j o ;u tÈfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d i|yd tajdfha m%dfhda.sl jeo.;alu ms,sn|j o uQ,sl

wjfndaOhla ,nd§uhs' tfy;a fuu woyia yd úYajdi ckiudch ;=< mj;akd foa ñi tys i;H

wi;H Ndjh ms<sn| j újrKhla lsÍu fuys§ wfmaCId fkdflf¾'

fi!r.%y uKav,h yd ne£ mj;sl úYajdi

• fuu úYajdih ms<sn| j fuys i|yka fkdjk tfy;a m%dfoaYShj mj;akd f;dr;=re .fõIKh

i|yd o Tng l%shdldrlï fhdod .; yels h'

• .%yf,dal ms<sn| kj oekqu yd iïnkaO f;dr;=re ir, j wOHhkh lsÍu o fuu tallfhka

wfmaCIs;h'

• fi!r.%y uKav,h yd ne|S mj;akd úYajdi iuqodhla ñksia ck iudch ;=< olakg ,efí'

ñksidf.a Wmf;a isg urKh olajd Ôú;fha úúO wjia:dj, hï hï isÿùsï we;sùu i|yd ysre

yd i÷f.a fuka u wfkl=;a .%yf,dalj,ska n,mEï isÿjk nj wE; w;S;fha isgu ñksiqka ;=<

úYajdihla mj;S'

• mDÓú .%yhd flakaø lr .ksñka ysre i÷ we;=`M wksl=;a .%yf,dal l%shdldÍ;ajh isÿjk nj

w;S;fha mej;s úYajdihhs' tu.ska mDÓúfha Ôj;ajk ñksia Ôú;j,g úúO n,mEï isÿjk nj

úYajdi lrk ,§' tneúka ysre i÷ foaj;ajfhys i,ld jkaokdudk lsÍula olakg ,eìKs'

iQ¾h kuialdrh fï w;r jeo.;a wd.ñl lghq;a;la úh' ysre i÷ ñksiqkaf.a Ôjk ixfla;hka

njg m;aúh'

• fi!r.%y uKav,h yd wksl=;a .%y uKav,j, l%shdldß;ajh u.ska ñksia Ôú;j,g isÿjk

n,mEu ms<sn| j fcHd;sIh u.ska ú.%y lr we;s w;r ta ms<sn| j oeä úYajdihla o mej;sKs'

• ysref.ka ,efnk ;dmh wdf,dalh ta yd ne÷Kq ixisoaê lDIsld¾ñl lghq;=j,g Rcqju odhl

jQ neúka ysre i÷g mqoi;aldr lsÍu o thg tfrysj lghq;= lsÍu u.ska ksh`." .xj;=r"

,eõ.sks" wm, Wmøj" jix.; frda. jeks jHik we;sjk nj úYajdi lrk ,§'

• w;S;fha isg u ysre i÷ yd .%y jia;= weiqre lrf.k úúO ck ixialD;sl wx. ìys ù we;'

ksoiqka f,i isxy, fou< w¨;a wjqreÿ Wodj" rdu,dka" ff;fmdx.,a jeks ixialD;sldx.o ysre

i`ÿ yd ne£ mj;shs'

5

• óg wu;r j ñksiqkaf.a wd¾Ól lghq;= yd iïnkaO idïm%odhsl f.dú;efka § ìï ieliSu" îc

jemsÍu" wiajkq fk,Su" flï l%u u.ska lDñ yd m<sfndaO md,kh" .ia lemSu wdoS lghq;=

lsÍfï§ úúO úYajdi mokï ù we;'

• fjolu" wdhq¾fõo m%;sldr" wd.ñl j;ams<sfj;a u,ajr kel;" ux., kele;a" rdyqld,h wdÈ

úfYaIs; wjia:d fndfyda úg ysre i÷f.a Wodj yd neihdu yd .%ypdrh yd iïnkaO úYajdi

mokï lr f.k isÿlrkq ,efí'

• bia,dóh Èk o¾Ykh pkaø udih mokï lr f.k o" ffoksl keuÿï ld, ysref.a .uk wkqj

o ilia ù we;'

• uqia,sïjre udi fjkalsÍu i|yd pkaøhdf.a .uk o keuÿu jeks lghq;= bIag lsÍfï ld,h

fjkalr .ekSu i|yd iQ¾hhdf.a .uk o mokï lrf.k we;'

.%yf,dal ms<sn| j kj fidhd .ekSï iy kj oekqu.%yf,dal ms<sn| j kj fidhd .ekSï iy kj oekqu.%yf,dal ms<sn| j kj fidhd .ekSï iy kj oekqu.%yf,dal ms<sn| j kj fidhd .ekSï iy kj oekqu.%yf,dal ms<sn| j kj fidhd .ekSï iy kj oekqu

• mDÓú flakaøSh ixl,amh m%;sfCIam ù iQ¾h flakaøSh ixl,amh ìysùu'

• kQ;k úoHd oekqu iu. úYaj .fõIK i|yd ñksid fhduq ùu" kj hka;% iQ;%" pkaøsld" wNHdjldY

Ig, u.ska wNHdjldY .fõIK mq`M,a ùu'

• 20 jk ishjfia § wNHdjldY .fõIKhg fidaúhÜ foaYh yd weußldj m%uqLùu" úfYaIfhka

weußld tlai;a ckmoh u.ska kdid wNHdjldY m¾fhaIK wdh;kh msysgqùu'

• fuu .fõIK m%;sM, f,i ma¨fgda .%yhd fi!r.%y uKav,fhka bj;a ùu" w`.yre .%yhdf.a

fvfudaia (Deimos) fmfndaia (Phobos)Wm.%yhska fidhd .ekSu" lshqßfhdaisá hdkh u.ska w`.yref.a

mia idïm,a mÍCId lsÍu" n%yiam;s .%yhdf.a r;=,mh u; ldnka wKq we;s nj y÷kd .ekSu" thg

pkaøhska 63 we;s nj wkdjrKh" fikiqreg pkaøhska 33 we;s nj y÷kd .ekSu iy tyss jdhqf.da,hla

we;s ghsgka Wm.%yhd y÷kd .ekSu wd§ jYfhka kj fidhd .ekSï /ila wkdjrKh ù we;'

• ñksidf.a ;dCIKsl oekqu ;j ÿrg;a mq`M,a jk w;r wNHjldY .fõIKh u.ska msgilaj,

Ôúhl= fidhd .ekSu úoHd{hskaf.a wfmaCIdj ù we;'

• fï wkqj wNHjldY .fõIKh ksudjla fkdjk l%shdoduhla nj fmkS hhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

• fi!r.%y uKav,h oelafjk wdlD;s" PdhdrEm" ;re rgd yd rdYs oelafjk is;shu

• wdo¾Y f,dal f.da,h

• fi!r.%y uKav,h oelafjk ùäfhda o¾Yk

• fcHd;sIhg iïnkaO jk .%yf,dal ms<sn| f;dr;=re

• mxpdx. ,s;

• isxy, fou< wjqreÿ pdß;% f;dr;=re

• bia,dóh udi l%uh yd keuÿï ld, ms<sn| f;dr;=re

• rdu,dka Wmjdih yd ff;fmdka.,a W;aijh ms<sn| f;dr;=re

6

• fi!r.%y uKav,fha kj fidhd .ekSï oelafjk mqj;am;a" jd¾;d" fmd;a" i`.rd" úãfhda o¾Yk

wka;¾cd, f;dr;=re kdid wdh;kfha fjí wvú" úYaj fldaI

we.hSï yd ;lafiare ks¾Kdhl(

- fi!r.%y uKav,h ms<sn| j w;S;fha mej;s úYajdi meyeÈ,s lrhs'

- fi!r.%y uKav,fha n,mEï ms<sn|j ñksiqkaf.a úYajdi f.dvke.Sug n,mE fya;= bÈßm;a

lrhs'

- ysre yd i÷ weiqre lrf.k Y%S ,dxlsl ck iudch ;=< f.dvke.S we;s úYajdi meyeÈ,s

lrhs'

- fi!r.%y uKav,fha l%shdldß;ajh yd iïnkaO jQ ñksia iudch ;=< we;s úYajdij,

jeo.;alu w.hñka woyia olajhs'

- Èid y\qkd .ekSug ;drld Ndú; lrk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

- fi!r.%y uKav,h yd ñksid w;r we;s iïnkaO;dj úYajdi weiqßka meyeÈ,s lrhs'

- fi!r.%y uKav,h ms<sn|j úYajdi olajk N+ñld rx.khla mdvug wod<j ks¾udKh

lrhs'

- .%yf,dal ms<sn| j kj oekqu tla /ialr bÈßm;a lrhs'

- wka;¾cd,h iy fjk;a uQ,dY% mßYS,kh u.ska .%yf,dal ms<sn| j kj oekqu /ia lrhs'

7

8'1'2 kso¾Yl l%shdldrlu

ksmqK;dj ( fN!;sl yd udkqI N+o¾Ykfha ixrpl .;s,CIK yd ls%hdj,s ms<sn|

wjfndaOfhka lghq;= lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( fi!r.%y uKav,h yd ne£mj;sk úYajdi iy kj oekqu úu¾Ykh lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ( • fi!r.%y uKav,h yd ne|S mj;sk úYajdi ms<sn| j f;dr;=re bÈßm;a

lrhs'

• .%y f,dal ms<sn| kj ±kqu yd iïnkaO f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( fi!r.%y uKav,h

ld,h ñks;a;= ( 80hs

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( - fi!r.%y uKav,h yd iïnkaO kj fidhd.ekSï" úYajdi oelafjk

l:d" f;dr;=re

- ì%iag,a fndaâ$äuhs fld<

- f*,aÜ mEka

- .ï$.ï fÜma

l%shdldrlu i|yd Wmfoia (

l%shdldrlu wdrïN lsÍug i;s follg muK fmr ysre i÷" we;=`M fi!r.%y

uKav,h iïnkaO f;dr;=re yd úYajdi wkqj lghq;= lrk wjia:d oelafjk

f;dr;=re" ,s;" l;kaor" mska;+r" Ñ;%" .S;" lú" kj fidhd .ekSï wdÈh /ialr

.ekSu i|yd;a wod< Èkfha § tajd /f.k tk f,ig;a YsIH YsIHdjkag Wmfoia

fokak'

mshjr I : • fi!r.%y uKav,h ms<sn| flá ùäfhda o¾Ykhla fyda rEm" Ñ;%" msx;+r

m%o¾Ykh lrjkak'

mshjr II ( • YsIHhka WÑ; mßÈ lKavdhï lrkak'

• /f.k wd f;dr;=re my; i|yka f;aud hgf;a j¾. lrjkak'

- fi!r.%y uKav,h yd iïnkaO mj;sk úYajdi

- fi!r.%y uKav,h ms<sn|j kj fidhd .ekSï

• j¾. lr.;a f;dr;=re äuhs fld<" ì%iag,a fndaâj, w,jd f;dr;=re

wOHhkhg ish¨ ldKav fhduq lrjkak'

• ;u lKavdhu úiska j¾. lrk ,o f;dr;=re weiqßka bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï

lrjkak'

• ck;djf.a wd¾Ól lghq;= flfrys n,mdk wdldrh ms<sn| úYajdi

- lDIsld¾ñl lghq;=

- fjk;a lghq;=

• ck;djf.a idudÔh lghq;= flfrys n,mdk wdldrh ms<sn| úYajdi W;aij

8

- isxy, fou< wjqreÿ W;aijh

- rdu,dka Wmjdi ld,h yd yÊ jkaokd iuh yd W;aijh

- fff;fmdka.,a W;aijh

- fjk;a W;aij

mshjr III ( ks¾udKh lrk ,o f;dr;=re f.dkqj weiqßka lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula isÿ

lrjkak'

mshjr IV ( YsIH bÈßm;a lsÍï ms<sn| j wfkl=;a lKavdhïj, woyia úuid iudf,dapkhl

fhfokak'


- wod< f;dr;=re /ia lr .kshs'

- /ialr .;a f;dr;=re ksjerÈj j¾. lr olajhs'

- fi!r.%y uKav,h yd iïnkaO úYajdi yd f;dr;=re úpdrYS,Sj Ndú; lsÍfï

jeo.;alu idlÉPd lrhs'

- lKavdhï ;=< iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lrhs'

- .%yf,dal yd iïnkaO f;dr;=re ks¾udKd;aulj bÈßm;a lrhs'

- iuia; ksudj ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a fjhs'

fhdað; fjk;a l%shdldrlï

• fi!r.%y uKav,h ms<sn| kj fidhd .ekSï wdY%s; PdhdrEm" úia;r úYaj fldaI" wka;¾cd,h"

fmd;a" i`.rd" mqj;am;a www.Nasa.com fjí wvú weiqßka f;dr;=re m;%sldjla ks¾udKh

lsÍu

• fi!r.%y uKav,h ms<sn| úYajdi N+ñld rx.k weiqßka bÈßm;a lsÍu'

• fi!r.%y uKav,h yd ne¢ úYajdi weiqßka lú" .S;" ksi±ia ks¾udKh

^ iqÿiq ks¾Kdhl weiqßka l%shdldrlu we.hSug ,la lrkak'&

9

8'2 jdiN+ñhla f,i mDÓúfha iqúfYaI;ajh8'2 jdiN+ñhla f,i mDÓúfha iqúfYaI;ajh8'2 jdiN+ñhla f,i mDÓúfha iqúfYaI;ajh8'2 jdiN+ñhla f,i mDÓúfha iqúfYaI;ajh8'2 jdiN+ñhla f,i mDÓúfha iqúfYaI;ajh

ksmqK;dj ( fN!;sl yd udkqI l%shdj,Skaf.a wka;¾ l%shd N+f.da,Sh mßirh ^fN!;sl

yd udkqI mßirh& flfrys n,mdk wdldrh ms<sn| j iú{dKslj lghq;=

lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'2'1 Ôùkaf.a jdiN+ñhla f,i mDÓúfha iqúfYaI;ajh úia;r lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 14 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( • Ôjh mj;sk tlu .%yf,dalh f,i mDÓúh y÷kajhs'

• iq¾hhdg idfmaCIj mDÓúfha msysàfï jeo.;alu wjOdrKh lrhs'

• mDÓúfha N%uKh úia;r lrñka th ñksia lghq;= flfrys n,mdk wdldrh

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• jd;h yd c,h Ôjfha meje;aug n,mdk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• fi!r.%y uKav,h tys .%yf,dal msysàfï ms<sfj< iy ta w;r jeo.;au

ia:dkhl mDÓúh ia:dk.; ù we;s nj úia;r lrhs'


oekg fidhdf.k we;s f;dr;=re wkqj fi!r.%y uKav,h ;=< Ôjh ^CIqø Ôùka we;=¨j

Ydl yd i;aj& mj;akd tlu .%yf,dalh mDÓúhhs' wfkla .%yf,dalj, Ôùka mj;sk njg fuf;la

idlaIs yuq ù ke;'

mDÓú .%yhd ;=< ffcj moaO;sh ks¾udKh ùug idOl .Kkdjla fya;= ù we;' tu idOl

w;r

- fi!r.%y uKav,h ;=< mDÓúh msysgd we;s ia:dkh

- mDÓú f.da,fhys jd;h iy c,h mej;Su

- mDÓú N%uKh ksid Èjd rd;%S we;sùu iy mßN%uKh ksid R;= fNaoh we;s ùu

fuu lreKq wdY%fhka Ôùkaf.a jdiN+ñhla f,i mDÓúfha iqúfYaI;ajh ms<sn| j YsIHhka

;=< wjfndaOhla we;s lsÍu fuu mdvï tallh wOHhkh lsÍfï wruqK fõ' fï i|yd wod<

ksmqK;d uÜgu ms<sn| j ie,ls,su;a fjñka wfmaCIs; bf.kqïm, idlaId;a lr.ekSu i|yd mdvï

ie,iqï lr .ekSu wjYH h' l%shdldrlï u; mokï j mdvï ie,iqï lr .ekSfuka wfmaCIs;

bf.kqïm, lrd YsIHhka f.khdu myiq fuka u M,odhS jkq we;'

ta i|yd fhdod .; yels wdo¾Y l%shdldrlï lsysmhla fuys olajd we;' tu l%shdldrlï fyda

Tnf.a wNsu;h wkqj ks¾udKh lr.;a l%shdldrlï ie,iqï lr .ekSug Tng ksoyi ;sfí' WÑ;

l%shdldrlï wdY%s; b.ekaùu u.ska mdvu id¾:lj iïmq¾K lr .ekSug;a YsIHhskaf.a bf.kqï

wjia:d jvd;a M,odhs ùug;a bjy,a jkq we;'

l%shdldrlï wjidkfha § iqÿiq we.hSï ks¾Kdhl u; mokïj YsIH l%shdldrlï we.hSug

,lalr ,l=Kq m%odkh lsÍu;a" wjYH u. fmkaùu yd m%;sfmdaIKh ,nd§u;a isÿl< hq;= h'

10

• mDÓúfha uQ,sl f;dr;=re

- mDÓúh f.da,dldr jia;=jla f,i ye¢kajqj o th mQ¾K f.da,hla fkdfõ' mDÓúfha

O%ej w;r úIalïNhg jvd iul ;,fha úIalïNh úYd,h'

iul ;,fha úIalïNh - 12750 km

O%ej úIalïNh - 12714 km

- mDÓúfha úYd,;ajh fyj;a u;=msg j¾.M,h j¾. lsf,daóg¾ ñ,shk 510 ls'

^510 km2 million&

• ia:dk.;ùu

- ia:dk.; ùu hkq fi!r.%y uKav,h ;=< mDÓúfha msysàuhs'

- .%yf,dal msysàu wkqj iq¾hhdf.a isg ;=kajk ia:dkfha lsf,daóg¾ ñ,shk 149'6 la

muK ÿßka mDÓúh msysgd we;'

- mDÓúh" nqo .%yhd fuka iQ¾hhdg b;d iómj msysáfha kï tys u;=msg WIaK;ajh b;d

wêl jkq we;' tfuka u fkmapQka .%yhd fuka iQ¾hhdg jvd;a wE;ska msysáfha kï

u;=msg WIaK;ajh b;d wvq ù YS; .%yfhl= jkq we;'

- mDÓúh iQ¾h.%y uKav,fha uOHia: ia:dkhl ia:dk .;ùfuka Ôùkaf.a m%Njh yd

meje;aug ys;lr mßirhla ks¾udKh ù we;'

• mDÓúfha N%uKh

- mDÓúh ;u wCIh jgd lerlSu N%uKh f,i ye¢kafõ' ngysr isg kef.kysrg N%uKhùu

isÿjk w;r tla jghla N%uKh ùug .;jk ld,h wdikak jYfhka meh 24 la f,i

ie,fla'

- mDÓúh ;u wCIh jgd N%uKh ùfï§ tla w¾Ohla iq¾h lsrKj,g ksrdjrKh ù wdf,dalh

,nk w;r wfkla w¾Ohg iQ¾h lsrK yd wdf,dalh fkd,efnk neúka w÷f¾ mj;S' fï

wkqj meh 24 l§ tla w¾Ohlg Èjdld,h iy wfkla w¾Ohg rd;%s ld,h we;sfõ'

- mDÓú N%uKh ksid ia:dkSh fõ,dj fjkia fõ'

- foaYdxY folla w;r fõ,dfõ fjki ñks;a;= 4 ls' ta wkqj 15ola tlsfklg ÿßka msysá

foaYdxY f¾Ld folla w;r fõ,dfõ fjki ñks;a;= 60la tkï meh 1 ls'

- mDÓúh N%uKh jkafka lCI ;,hg uola we,jhs' fuh mDÓúfha wdk;sh f,i ye¢kafõ'

- mDÓúfha N%uKh ngysr isg kef.kysr foig isÿ ùu ksid kef.kysr foaYdxYj, msysá

rgj,g l,ska ysre Wodjk w;r ngysr rgj,g ysre Wodùu isÿjkafka kef.kysr foaYdxYj,

msysá rgj,g miqjhs'

• iïu; fõ,dj

- foaYdxY wkqj we;s jk ia:dkSh fõ,dj f,dalfha foaYdxY me;sÍu jeä úYd, rgj,g

Wmfhda.S lr.ekSfï § we;s jk jHdl+, nj u. yrjd .ekSu i|yd f,dalh iïu; fõ,d

l,dm 24lg fnod ;sfí'

11

- tla l,dmhla foaYdxY wxYl 15lska hqla; jk w;r tu l,dmh ;=< fj,dj meh 1 fõ'

- foaYdxY 180°f¾Ldj mokï lr.ksñka cd;Hka;r Èk f¾Ldj ,l=Kq lr we;s w;r tu

f¾Ldfjka ngysr yd kef.kysr w;r tla Èkhl fjkila mj;S'

- Èjd rd;%S we;sùu wkqj iy fõ,dj wkqj f,dalfha udkqI lghq;= ixúOdkh ù we;'

- Èjd rd;%S we;sùu wkqj f,dalfha ffcj moaO;s l%shdldÍ;ajh o ixúOdkh ù we;'

• mßN%uKh

- mDÓúh ;u wCIh jgd meh 24 lg jrla N%uKh jk w;ru wjqreoaolg jrla iQ¾hhd jgd

lCI.;j .uka lsÍu mßN%uKh f,i ye¢kafõ' mDÓú mßN%uKh i|yd Èk 365¼ la

.;fõ'

- tfuka u mDÓú wCIh ;sria ;,hg ^lCI ;,hg& ,ïnl j fkdj we,j msysgd we;' fuu

we,ùu 23 ls'

• mßN%uKfha m%;sM,

))))) iQ¾h ksjD;a;sh yd iQ¾h úIqjh we;s ùuiQ¾h ksjD;a;sh yd iQ¾h úIqjh we;s ùuiQ¾h ksjD;a;sh yd iQ¾h úIqjh we;s ùuiQ¾h ksjD;a;sh yd iQ¾h úIqjh we;s ùuiQ¾h ksjD;a;sh yd iQ¾h úIqjh we;s ùu

- wjqreoafoa tla tla ld,j, § iQ¾hhdg idfmACIj mDÓúfha mssysàu fjkia ùu yd wdk;sh

ksid iQ¾h ksjD;a;sh yd iQ¾h úIqjh we;s fõ'

iQ¾h ksjD;a;sh

- iQ¾h ksjD;a;s folls' tajd .%SIau iy YS; ksjD;a;s fõ' iQ¾hhd l¾lgl ksj¾;khg

uqÿka ùfuka cqks 21 jkod .%SIau ksjD;a;sh o" ulr ksj¾;khg foieïn¾ 21 jk od

uqÿka ùfuka YS; ksjD;a;sh o isÿfõ'

iQ¾h úIQjh

- iQ¾h úIqj folls' ud¾;= 21 iy iema;eïn¾ 23 Èkj, iQ¾hhd iulhg uqÿkaj msysghs'

tu ld,j, ish¨ u wCIdxYj, Èjd iy rd;%S ld, meh 12 ne.ska tl iudk fõ'

• R;= fNaoh

- foieïn¾ 21 Èk jk úg mDÓúfha oCIsKd¾O f.da,h iQ¾hhd foig uqyqK,d mssysgk

w;r oCIsKd¾O f.da,hg .%SIau R;=j;a W;a;rd¾O f.da,hg YS; R;=j;a n,meje;afõ'

- ta wdldrhg cqks 21 Èk jk úg mDÓúfha msysàu W;a;rd¾O f.da,h iQ¾hhd foig

uqyqK,d isák neúka W;a;rd¾O f.da,hg .%SIau R;=j;a oCIsKd¾O f.da,hg YS; R;=j;a

we;sfõ'

- ud¾;= udih jk úg oCIsKd¾O f.da,hg ir;a R;=j o W;a;rd¾O f.da,hg jika;

R;=j o we;s fõ'

- iema;eïn¾ udih jk úg W;a;rd¾O f.da,hg ir;a R;=j o oCIsKd¾O f.da,hg

jika; R;=j o we;s fõ'

- ta wkqj j¾Ihl § mDÓúfha iulfhka wE; m%foaYj,g jika;" .%SIau" ir;a yd YS;

hkqfjka ye¢kafjk R;= y;rla we;sfõ'

12

- R;= fNaoh meyeÈ,sj olakg ,efnkafka W;=re yd ol=Kq w¾O f.da,j, msysá fi!uH

l,dmfhka O%%ej foig wCIdxY 23 ka by< wCIdxY m%foaYj,gh'

- fjkiajk R;= j,g wkqj udkqI l%shdldrlï yev.eiS we;'

c,h iy jd;h

- mDÓú .%yhd wka .%yf,dalj,g idfmaCIj iqúfYaIS ùug m%Odk fya;=jla jkqfha c,h

iy jd;h mej;Suhs'

- mDÓú ;,fhka 71]la muK m%foaYhla c,fhka jeiS mj;S'

- wfkl=;a .%yf,dalj, c,h mj;akd njg iaÓr idOl ;ju;a fidhdf.k ke;'

- mDÓúh u; Ôjfha iïNjh o c,h wdY%s;j isÿ jQ nj ms<s.efka'

- c,h Ôjfha meje;aug yd udkjhdf.a ish¨ u l%shdldrlï flfrys w;HjYH idOlhls'

- mDÓúh jgd wdjrKhla f,i jdhqf.da,h msysgd we;' úúO jdhq j¾.j,ska iukaú;

jdhqf.da,h Ôjfha meje;aug wjYH uQ,sl idOlhls'

- iQ¾h úlsrKfha wvx.= we;eï wys;lr úlsrK fmdf<dj ;,h lrd meñKSu je,elaùu

o jdhqf.da,fha we;s m%fhdackhls'

- WodyrK( - ´fidaka (O3) jdhqj u.ska iQ¾hhdf.a mdrcïnq, lsrK wjfYdaIKh lsÍu'

- jdhqf.da,h mej;Su ksid mDÓúh lrd meñfKk W,ald m;s;ùu md,kh ùu o isÿfõ'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

• wdo¾Y f,dal f.da,h

• f,dal ì;a;s is;shï

• weÜ,ia is;shï fmd;a

• fi!r.%y uKav,fha f;dr;=re we;=<;a w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;a

• 8 fY%aKsh N+f.da, úoHdj fm< fmd;

• wod<VCD/DVD

we.hSï yd ;lafiare ks¾Kdhl

- mDÓúfha O%ej úIalïNh yd iul úIalïNh weiqßka mDÓúh mQ¾K f.da,hla fkdjk

nj ;yjqre lrhs'

- fi!r.%y uKav,fha .%yf,dal msysàu wkqj mDÓúfha ia:dk.;ùu úia;r lrhs'

- mDÓúfha Ôjh ks¾udKh ùug yd meje;aug ys;lr idOl y÷kajd fohs'

- mDÓúfha N%uK ld,h meh 24la nj m%ldY lrhs'

- mDÓúfha N%uKh hkq l=ula±hs úia;r lrhs'

- mDÓú N%uK wCIh 23 1$20 la lCI ;,hg we,j msysgd we;s nj m%ldY lrhs'

- mDÓú N%uKh ksid ia:dkSh fõ,dj fjkia jk whqre meyeÈ,s lrhs'

- mßN%uKfha m%;sM, f,i iQ¾h úIqjh yd iQ¾h kssjD;a;sh isÿjk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

- iQ¾h ksjD;a;sh yd úIqjh hkq l=ula oehs y÷kajd fohs'

- mDÓúfha R;= y;r kï lrhs'

- W;=re yd ol=Kq w¾O f.da,j, R;= fNaoh we;sjk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

13

- R;= fNaoh m%Odk jYfhka we;s jkafka iulfhka wE; msysá rgj, nj m%ldY lrhs'

- fi!r.%y uKav,fha .%yf,dal w;r mDÓúh iqúfYaI jkafka ðùkag ys;lr jdhqj yd

c,h mj;sk ksid nj úia;r lr fohs'

- c,h yd ys;lr jdhqj mej;Su ksid mDÓúh u; ffcj moaO;shla ks¾udKh ù we;s nj

m%ldY lrhs'

- c,h iy jdhqj fkdmej;sfha kï Ôjhla ks¾udKh fkdjk nj;a Ôjhla fkdmj;sk

nj;a fmkajd fohs'

14


ksmqK;dj ( fN!;sl yd udkqI l%shdj,Skaf.a wka;¾ l%shd N+f.da,Sh mßirh flfrys

n,mdk wdldrh ms<sn| j wjfndaOfhka lghq;= lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( Ôùkaf.a jdiN+ñhla f,i mDÓúfha iqúfYaI;ajh úia;r lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ( • Ôjh mj;sk tlu .%yf,dalh f,i mDÓúh y÷kajhs'

• iQ¾hhdg idfmaCIj mDÓúfha msysàfï jeo.;alu wjOdrKh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( zbÈßm;a lsÍuZ

fi!r.%y uKav,fha yd ta ;=< mDÓúfha ia:dk.; ùu y÷kd .ksuq'

ld,h ñks;a;= ( 40 hs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ì%iag,a fndaâ" f*,aÜ mEka" äuhs lvodis" fm< fmd;"wka;¾cd,h


my; i|yka lreKq ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

- mdvï tallh" ud;Dldj YsIHhkag y÷kajd §u'

- ud;Dldjg wod< lreKq ;uka ks¾udKh lr.;a fmdaiagrhla weiqfrka bÈßm;a

l< hq;= njg Wmfoia §u'

- mQ¾j iQodku i|yd fhduq lsÍu'

- ksYaÑ; ld,iSudjla ,nd§u'

- ld¾hm;%sld iQodkï lr.ekSu

• l%shd;aul lsÍu

mshjr I ( kshñ; Èkfha § mka;s ldurh ;=, ta ta lKavdhï fj; mjrd we;s ks¾udKd;aul

bÈßm;a lsÍu mka;sfha bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:d ,nd§u'

mshjr II ( bÈßm;a lsÍfï § wjYH Wmfoia ,nd§u yd meyeÈ,s lsÍï i|yd ueÈy;aùu'

mshjr III ( m%n,;d iy ÿn,;d y÷kdf.k tajd bÈßm;a lrñka wjYH m%;sfmdaIKh ,nd§u'

we.hSu yd ;lafiare ks¾Kdhl(

l%shdldrlug WÑ; ks¾Kdhl 5la fhdod .ksñka ,l=Kq mjrkak' ta i|yd Wmfhda.S lr.;

yels ks¾Kdhl lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

- ks¾udKd;aul j f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'

- f;dr;=re ksjerÈ j bÈßm;a lrhs'

- mDÓúfha iqúfYaIS msysàu ms<sn| j woyia olajhs'

- mDÓúh u; Ôjh f,i y÷kajkafka l=ula oehs úia;r lrhs'

15

- mDÓúh u; Ôjh we;s ùug n,md we;s m%Odk idOl úia;r lrhs'

- lKavdhu ;=< iduQyslj lghq;= lrhs'

- kdhl;ajhg iyfhda.h fohs'

weuqKqu - 8'2'1weuqKqu - 8'2'1weuqKqu - 8'2'1weuqKqu - 8'2'1weuqKqu - 8'2'1

ld¾h m;%sldj 1 lKavdhu

fi!r.%y uKav,fha fmdaiagrhla ks¾udKh lsÍu yd th mka;sfha bÈßm;a lr úia;r lsÍu'

ld¾h m;%sldj 2 lKavdhu

tla tla .%yf,dalj,g iQ¾hhdf.a isg ÿr tajdfha úYd,;ajh yd u;=msg idudkH WIaK;ajh

oelafjk fmdaiagrhla ks¾udKh lsÍu yd mka;sfha bÈßm;a lrñka úia;r lsÍu'

ld¾h m;s%ldj 3 lKavdhu

mDÓúfha Ôjh hkq l=ula oehs úia;r lsÍu iy Ôjfha meje;aug ys;lr idOl oelafjk

fmdaiagrhla ks¾udKh lsÍu' th mka;sfha bÈßm;a lr úia;r lsÍu'

16


ksmqK;dj ( fN!;sl yd udkqI l%shdj,Skaf.a wka;¾l%shd N+f.da,Sh mßirh flfrys

n,mdk wdldrh ms<sn| j iú{dKslj lghq;= lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( ðùkaf.a jdiN+ñhla f,i mDÓúfha iqúfYaI;ajh úia;r lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ( • mDÓú N%uKh úia;r lrñka th ñksia lghq;= flfrys n,mdk wdldrh

meyeos,s lrhs'

• mDÓú mßN%uKh ñksia lghq;= flfrys n,mdk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( mDÓú mßN%uKh iy R;= yg .ekSu y÷kd .ksuq'

ld,h ñks;a;= ñks;a;= ñks;a;= ñks;a;= ñks;a;= ((((( 80 hs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqu ( wdo¾Y f,dalf.da,h" ±,afjk úÿ,s mkaoula


YsIHhkaf.a iyfhda.h yd l%shdldÍ iyNd.s;ajh ;=<ska mDÓú mßN%uKh ms<sn| j wjfndaOh

YsIHhka fj; ,nd§u fuu l%shdldrlu u.ska wfmaCIs; h'

fï i|yd wdo¾Y f,dalf.da,h" ;rula w÷reldurhla" fïihla u; o,ajk ,o úÿ,s mkaou

wjYH fõ' fïih u; mDÓúfha b,smaiSh .uka ud¾.h ,l=Kqlr .kak' YsIHhka fïih jgd ;nd

.ksñka wdo¾Y f.da,h tla tla wjia:dj, msysgk wdldrhg ;nñka thg úÿ,s mkaou fhduq lrñka

iQ¾hdf,dalh m;s;jk whqre YsIHhkag jgyd fokak' ta wkqj iQ¾h úIqjh yd ksjD;a;sh meyeÈ,s

lrkak' R;= we;sjk wdldrh meyeÈ,s lr fokak' iQ¾h ksjD;a;sfha § O%ej m%foaYj,g iQ¾hdf,dalh

m;s; jk whqre meyeÈ,s lr fokak' R;= we;sjkafka iQ¾hdf,dalh ,eîfï wiudk;d wkqj nj

meyeÈ,s lr fokak'

l%shdldrlfuka ,o wjfndaOh weiqfrka YsIHhka we.hSug ,la lrkak' wjYH lreKq igyka

lr .ekSug wjia:dj YsIHhkag ,nd fokak'

17

8'3 ol=Kq wdishd l,dmfha N+f.da,Sh msysàu

ksmqK;dj ( fN!;sl yd udkqI N+ o¾Ykh f;areï .ekSug WmldÍ jk uQ,sl ixl,am

iy l%ufõo úu¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'3'1 ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha msysàu wOHhkh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 04 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( • ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha N+f.da,Sh msysàu is;shula weiqßka úia;r lrhs'

• N+f.da,Sh N+ o¾Ykh hkq l=ula oehs meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha N+f.da,Sh N+ o¾Ykh f;dard.;a ksoiqka weiqßka

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha N+f.da,Sh N+ o¾Ykfha fN!;sl yd udkqI ixrpl

w;r we;s iïnkaO;dj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• úúO N+ o¾Ykj, msysàu is;shï weiqßka bÈßm;a lrhs'


wdishdkq f.dvìï ialJOhg wh;a jQ iqúfYaI f.dvìï l,dmhla f,i ol=Kq wdishdj ye¢kaúh

yels h' fï l,dmh rgj,a y;lska iukaú; fõ' tajdhska bkaÈhdj" mlsia;dkh" nx.a,d foaYh"

fkamd,h yd N+;dkh hk rgj,a w¾Ooaùmsl bkaÈhdkq N+ ialJOh ;=< msysgd we;s w;r Y%S ,xldj yd

ud,Èjhska bkaÈhka id.rfha msysá ÿm;a rdcHhka fõ' fï l,dmh ;=< msysá wkaouka iy ksfldnd¾

ÿm;a o ,CIoaùm ÿm; o bkaÈhdjg wh;a tajd f,i i,lkak'

fN!;sl N+ o¾Ykh wkqj ol=Kq wdishd l,dmhg wh;a jkafka fuu rgj,a y; muKla jqj

o uE;ld,fha § tlai;a cd;Ska fuka u zid¾laZ jeks ixúOdkj, foaYmd,k" iudc yd wd¾Ól

lghq;=j, § we*a.ksia:dkh o ol=Kq wdishd l,dmfha rgla f,i i,ld lghq;= lsÍu olakg we;'

tfia jqjo fN!;sl msysàu wkqj i,ld n,k úg we*a.ksia:dkh jvd;a ióm jkafka uOH wdishd

l,dmhg fyda ueo fmrÈ. l,dmhg ñi ol=Kq wdishd l,dmhg fkdjk nj meyeÈ,s fõ' tfyhska

fuu tallfha § uq,ska i|yka l< rgj,a y; flfrys muKla wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug wfmaCIs; h'

ol=Kq wdishd l,dmfha N+f.da,Sh iSud f,i W;=ßka uyd ysud,h yd ta wdY%s; l÷ moaO;sh;a"

ol=Kska bkaÈhka id.rh;a" ngysßka wrdì uqyqo;a" kef.kysßka fnx.d, fndlal;a oelaúh yels h'

N+ b;sydih wkqj fï l,dmh merKs N+ ialkaOhla jQ f.dkaâjdkd,ka;fha fldgila jQ w;r

fN!;sl ,CIK w;ska o úúO fõ'

mDÓú f.dvìï ialJOfhys msysá by<u W;a;;dxYh ̂ tjriaÜ uqÿk – Mount Everest& fuka u

uqyqÿ uÜgfuka my; m%foaYhla îqkaorndka j.=reìï– Sundarabans& olajd jQ N+ úIu;dfõ wka;

folu fuu l,dmh ;=< yuqfõ' ysujeiau iys; wêYS; ̂ ysud, uqÿka – Himalayan Range& foaY.=Ksl

,CIKj, isg wê WIaK;ajhla iys; ldka;dr ^:d¾- Thar& foaY.=Ksl ;;a;ajhla olajd foaY.=Ksl

úúOFjhla o" jeis jkdka;rj, isg ldka;dr jDCI,;d olajd jQ jDCI,;d úúOFjhla o fï l,dmh

;=< olakg ,eîu úfYaI;ajhls'

18

ol=Kq wdishdfõ fN!;sl N+ o¾Ykh ;=< idrj;a Èh`M miska hq;a uyd yskaÿia;dka ;eks;,dj o ta

Tiafia .,d niakd iskaOq yd .x`.dkï .x.d o lemS fmfkk ,CIK fõ'

f.dvìïj,ska jgjQ ̂Land Locked& fkamd,h yd N=;dkh hk rgj,a fol yereKq úg l,dmfha

wka ish¨ u rgj,a i;=j fjr< ;Srhla olakg ,efnk w;r fldr,a nqyqndjd úiska ks¾udKh lrk

,o wf;d`M oyia .Kklska ieÿï ,;a fkd.eUqre uqyqÿ ;Srj,ska hq;a ÿm;aj,ska iukaú; ud,

Èjhska jeks ÿm;a rdcH o o¾YkSh fjr<nv ,CIKj,ska iukaú; Y%S ,xldj jeks rdcHh o ol=Kq

wdishdfõ fN!;sl N+ o¾Ykh ;=< m%uqL ,CIK w;rg .efka'

fN!;sl N+ o¾Ykh ;=< fun÷ iqúfYaI;dj,ska iukaú; jQ ol=Kq wdishd l,dmfha msysàu

ms<sn| j wOHhkh lsÍu fï tallh ;=<ska wfmaCIs; h'

19

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'3'2 ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha N+ o¾Ykh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 14 hs'

bf.kqï m, ( • N+f.da,Sh N+ o¾Ykh hkq l=ula±hs meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha N+f.da,Sh N+ o¾Ykh f;dard.;a ksoiqka weiqßka

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• N+f.da,Sh N+ o¾Ykfha fN!;sl yd udkqI ixrpl w;r we;s iïnkaO;dj

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• úúO N+ o¾Ykj, msysàu is;shï weiqßka bÈßm;a lrhs'


lsishï m%foaYhl fN!;sl N+ o¾Ykfha ixrpl yd udkqI lghq;= w;r we;sjk wka;¾ l%shdldß;ajh

u.ska ks¾udKh jk iuia; l%shdj,sh N+f.da,Sh N+ o¾Ykh fõ'

ol=Kq wdishd l,dmfhys fN!;sl N+ o¾Ykh ;=< olakg we;af;a úYd, úúOFjhls' tfyhska

u l,dmfha udkqI l%shdldrlï ;=< o fï úúO;ajh oelsh yels fõ'

N+f.da,Sh N+ o¾Ykh ld,h yd wjldYh wkqj fjkia fõ' ta wkqj fuu N+ o¾Yk yeoeÍu

úúOdldrfhka l< yels h' tfy;a fuu tallfhka woyia lrkafka ol=Kq wdishd l,dmfha N+f.da,Sh

N+ o¾Yk yhla y\qkdf.k ta ms<sn| wOHhkhla lsÍuh'

tu N+ o¾Yk meyeÈ,s lsÍfï § my; i|yka wdldrhg isÿl< yelsh'

l÷lr N+ o¾Ykh - ^ysud,hdkq l÷ moaO;sh weiqßka&

- fN!;sl ,CIK

- fN!;sl ,CIK yd ne÷Kq udkqI ,CIK

- wd¾Ól lghq;= - fnda. j.dj" ckdjdi" m%jdykh

- l÷lr f.da;%sl ck;dj

ldka;dr N+ o¾Ykh - ^:d¾ ldka;drh weiqßka&

- fN!;sl ;;a;ajh

- fCIau N+ñ

- foaY.=Khg wkqj¾;kh ùu

- wd¾Ól lghq;= - ksjdi" we÷ï" m%jdykh

ksïk N+ o¾Ykh - ^.x`.dkï .x`.d ksïkh weiqßka&

- fN!;sl ,CIK

- úYd,u .x`.d ksïkh

- ixialD;sl úúO;ajfhys ms<sìUqjla

- wd¾Ól lghq;= - fnda. j.dj

- .eg¨ - c,.e,Sï" j.=reìï

20

fjr<nv N+ o¾Ykh - ^Y%S ,xldj yd ud,Èjhska weiqßka&

- fN!;sl ,CIK - je,sìï" oU" fldr,a" wf;d`M" fjr< ;Sr" lfvd,dk

- wd¾Ól lghq;= - ëjr" ixpdrl" fjf<|du

- .eg¨ - fjr<Ldokh" fjr< ¥IKh

.%dóh N+ o¾Ykh - ^,xldfõ úh<s l,dmh weiqßka&

- lDIsl¾uh mokï lrf.k ìysùu

- jeõ - jdßud¾.

- j.d ìï

- i;aFj md,kh

- úisreKq ckdjdi

- wvq ck >k;ajh

ld¾ñl yd kd.ßl N+ o¾Ykh - ^bkaÈhdfõ uqïndhs weiqßka&

- fN!;sl ,CIK - ;eks ìï

- wd¾Ól lghq;= - l¾udka; wdY%s; " jrdh wdY%s;

- há;, myiqlï

- ck ixl%uK

- ksjdi - isria jHdma;sh

- wêl ck >k;ajh

- .eg¨ - mßir ¥IKh" ud¾. ;onoh" wvq myiqlï iys; ckdjdi" iudc .eg¨ fï tla

tla N+ o¾Ykhka ms<sn| j wOHhkhla lsÍu fï tallfhka wfmaCIs; h'

l÷lr N+ o¾Ykh (

• N+ñfha mj;akd úúO fN!;sl ,CIK w;r l÷lr N+ o¾Ykh wd¾Ól w;ska jeo.;a

iïm;ls'

• ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha ud,Èjhsk yereKq fldg fndfyduhla rgj, l÷lr ,CIK

y÷kd.; yels h'

• tu N+ o¾Yk tu rgj, msysàu wkqj fjkia fõ'

bkaÈhdfõ ysud,h" ldrfldarï" mlsia;dkfha yskaOql=Ia" iqf,hsudka" Y%S ,xldfõ msÿre;,d.,"

iuk," fkamd,fha tjriaÜ l÷uqÿk" uld¨" Oj,.sß" N+;dkfha l=,dlka.sß" l=kdld"

nx.a,dfoaYfha Ñ;f.dka" rx.uy,a m%Odk l÷ mka;s fjhs'

• ol=Kq wdishd;sl rgj, msysá l÷mka;s w;ßka ysud,h l÷jeáh iqúfYaI jeo.;alula

fmkajhs' tys fN!;sl ,CIK fuka u udkqI ,CIKj, § úúO;ajhla we;'

• fuu l÷lr N+ o¾Ykh ;=< Bg fmdÿ jQ ksïk" fkre" idkq" lfmd¨ wd§ ,CIK o y÷kd

.; yels h'

• ysud,h l÷lrfha foaY.=Kh iul foaY.=Kfha isg O%ej foaY.=Kh olajd;a jDlaI,;d

iul jkd;a;rj, isg we,amhska jkdka;r olajd;a úúO;ajhla .kshs'

• ysud,hdkq m%foaYj, ðj;ajkakkaf.a jk rgdj fuu fN!;sl mßirhg yd foaY.=Ksl

;;a;ajj,g wkql+,j yev.eiS ;sfí'

21

• j¾;udkfha ysud, l÷ m%foaYj, jeä jYfhka jdih lrkafka fudxf.daf,dhsâ ck

j¾.hhs' ;jo l=udiskajreka" ;sfkÜjreka" orâf.da;s%lfhda" N+áhd f.da;%slhka" f,mapdjreka"

I¾mdjreka jeks f.da;%sl lKavdhï jdih lrhs'

• fudjqkaf.a Ôjk rgdj fuka u wd¾Ól lghq;= o fN!;sl N+ o¾Ykh u.ska oeä fia

yiqrjhs' w;S;fha isgu fnda. j.dj" i;a;ajmd,kh" l÷ke.Sug iqÿiq we÷ï ieliSu"

ixpdrl l¾udka;h wdY%s; /lshd ̂ hgf;a l÷ k.skakka i|yd u. fmkajkakka& m%foaYfha

fN!;sl N+ o¾Ykhg wkqj ieliS we;' úfoaYSh ixpdrlhska ;%dickl l%Svd i|yd o

l÷lr mßirh fhdod .kS' fï w;r l÷ k.skakka o nyq, fõ' 2016 uehs ui 21jk Èk

Y%S ,dxlsl ldka;djla jk chka;s l=reW;=ïmd, fufkúh tjriaÜ l÷ uqÿk ;rKh lsÍu

Y%S ,dxlslhskag wNsudkhls'

• ysud,fha f.da;%sl ckhd tys N+ úIu;djh yd foaY.=K ;;a;ajhg Tfrd;a;= fok wdldrhg

jdiia:dk o f.dvk.df.k ;sfí' ksjdi fndfyduhla ;djld,sl jk w;r l÷lr we;eï

f.da;%sl lKavdhï f.dúìï wdY%s;j talrdYS jQ ckdjdi f.dvk.df.k Ôj;a fõ'

ldka;dr N+ o¾Ykh (

• ldka;drhla hkq jd¾Isl j¾Idm;kh ñ,sóg¾ 250g wvqfjka ,nk m%foaYhkah' wêl

WIaK;ajh" wêl jdIamSlrKh" b;d wvq j¾Idm;kh" l,d;=rlska fláld,hlg iSud jQ

Odrdksmd; j¾Idjo ldka;dr N+ o¾Ykh ;=< y÷kd.; yels foaY.=Ksl ,CIKhka h'

• ol=Kq wdishd l,dmfha N+f.da,Sh N+ o¾Ykh ;=< y÷kd.; yels iqúfYaIS ldka;dr

úfYaIhla f,i rdcia:dkj, msysá :d¾ ldka;dr m%foaYh oelaúh yelsh'

• fï m%foaYfha mej;s oeä Y=Ial;djhla mj;S' iq<xj, oeä l%shdldß;ajh yd mdxY= c,;=,kh

ÿ¾j, ùu :d¾ ks¾udKh ùug fya;= ù ;sfnk ;j;a idOl folls'

• :d¾j, mj;sk fï ;;a;ajh wjg m%foaYj,g;a jHdma; ùug yd ;Sj% lsÍug udkqI l%shdldrlï

o n,md ;sfí'

WodyrK ( ie,iqï rys; j.d mqreÿ" .ia bj;a lsÍu" m%udKh blaujd ;DK Ndú;h" bkaOk

f,i or Ndú;h jeäùu

• ffoksl fndfyda lghq;= isÿlr.ekSug m%jdykh udOHhla f,i Tgqjd fhdod .ks;s'

• lafIau N+ñj, ksjdi ;kd .ekSu olakg ,efnhs'

• wêl WIaK;ajhg Tfrd;a;= §u i|yd lmq we÷ï Ndú; lrhs'

ksïk N+ o¾Ykh (

• ol=Kq wdishdj ;=< .x.d ksïk wdY%s; j my;a ìï N+ o¾Yk /ila y÷kd .; yelsh'

WodyrK ( isxÿ .`." .x.dkï .`." uyje,s .`.

• .x`.d ksïk ta ta rgj, m%Odk Ôjkd,shhs'

• .x`.d ksïk weiqßka iqkaor fN!;sl N+ o¾Ykhla odhdo lrkakd fiau jákd ixialD;sl

N+ o¾Ykhla o f.dvke.S ;sfí'

• ol=Kq wdishd l,dmfha .x`.d ksïk w;r bkaÈhdfõ .x.dkï .x ksïkh úfYaI;ajhla

.kshs'

• fuh úYd,;u .x`.d ksïkhhs' ksïkhg wh;a m%foaY lsysmhla f,i W;a;r m%foaYh

ìydrh" ngysr fnx.d,h oelaúh yelsh'

• bkaÈhdfõ wêl ck.yk l,dmj,ska tlla f,i .x`.dkï .x ksïkh oelaúh yelsh'

22

tfy;a ckdjdi jHdma;sfha fjkila olakg we;'

• mkacdnhg wh;a by< ksïkfha isg fnx.d,hg wh;a .x`.d kÈfha fv,agd m%foaYhg

jkakg ck.ykh l%ufhka jeäfõ' fï m%foaYfha ixialD;sl úúO;ajhla we;s ù ;sfí'

• my< .x ksïkfha l,algd" yq.a,s jeks m%Odk k.r yd Wmk.r rdYshlska hqla; ùu;a

tajdg úúO m%foaYj,ska flfrk ixl%uKh fya;= fldgf.k ixialD;sl úúO;ajhla .kshs'

• .x.dkï .x ksïk m%foaYh wd.ñl yd NdIduh úúO;ajhlska hq;a úYd, ck ixLHdjla

isák neúka wfkl=;a m%foaYj,ska fjkia jQ ixialD;sl ,CIK ms<sìUq lrhs'

• .x.dkï .x.d m%foaYfha .ïno ck;djf.a m%Odk wd¾Ól lghq;a; lDIsl¾uh fjhs'

WIaK;ajfha;a j¾Idm;kfha;a mj;akd wka;.dó me;sÍu j.dlghq;=j,g wys;lr h'

• idrj;a Èh¨ miska hq;a .x.dkï .x ksïkh wdydr fnda. j.dfõ m%Odk ksIamdok m%foaYhhs'

ù yd ;sß.= ksIamdokfha by< m%;sY;hla fï m%foaYfhka ,efnhs'

• by< ksïkfha j¾Idj wvq fyhska we<fod< u.ska .eUqre <sx u.ska c, iïmdokh fldg

le,E" j.=reìï f.dúìï njg m;alr ;sfí'

• .x.dkï .x.dfõ uOHu fldgi m%udKj;a jeis c,h ,eîu" ;eks;,d N+ñh" ,dN Y%uh

wdÈh ksid m%Odk ù f.dú;eka l,dmhla jkakd fia u" l¾udka; jHdma;sh fya;=

fldgf.k ck.ykh jeä ù we;'

• my< fldgfia iqkaorndkaia j.=re ìïj, cQÜ j.dj nyq,j isÿjk w;r ta wdY%s; úúO jQ

l¾udka; ìys ù we;'

fjr<nv N+ o¾Ykh

ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha rgj,a w;r fkamd,h yd N+;dkh yer wfkla iEu rglg u

fjr<la ysñ h' wd¾Ól l%shdldrlï nyq, iqkaor fjr< ;Srhla fuu rgj,g ysñh’ fuu fjr< N+

o¾Ykh ;=< fjr<g fmdÿ jQ iEu N+ ,CIKhlau olakg ,efí' ta w;r l,mq" fndl=" ;=vq" oU iy

je,smr wdÈh jeo.;a h'

fuu rgj, fjr< wdY%s; j fndfyda wd¾Ól l%shdldrlï talrdYS ù we;' ëjr" ixpdrl

l¾udka; ta w;r jeo.;a h' fjr< wdY%s;j jrdhka fukau jrdh k.r o(Port City) ìysj we;' Bg

wu;r j l%Svd yd úfkdaod;aul lghq;= wdÈh o fï wdY%s;j isÿ fõ'

iajNdúl yd udkqI l%shd ksid fjr< m%foaY Ldokhg yd ÿIKhg ,laùu o fuu rgj,g we;s

m%n, .eg¨jls' fïjdg ms<shï f,i fuu rgj,a úúO l%shdud¾. wkq.ukh lrhs' ol=Kq wdishdkq

N+ o¾Ykfha fjr<dY%s; udkqI l%shdldrlï flfrys fuys§ wjOdkh fhduq flf¾'

fjr<g fmdÿ jQ fN!;sl ,CIK

f,dj iEu fjr< m%foaYhlgu fmdÿ jQ ,CIK /ils'

je,a," je,smr" ;=vqj" fndlal" l,mqj" oU" jd isÿre iy fldr,amr ta w;r jeo.;a h' ,jK"

j.=reìï iy lfvd,dk mßir moaO;s wdÈh o olakg ,efí'

ud,Èjhska ¥m;a wf;d`M wdY%s; ks¾ñ; N+ o¾Ykhls' fï ksid fkd.eUqre uqyqÿ fjr<la yd

iqÿmeye;s je,s;,d olakg ,efí'

23

udkqI l%shdldrlïudkqI l%shdldrlïudkqI l%shdldrlïudkqI l%shdldrlïudkqI l%shdldrlï

ëjr l¾udka;h

Y%S ,xldj yd ud,Èjhsk hk rgj,a folu iajdëk rdcHhka fõ' ud,Èjhska ys ¥m;a 1200la

muK we;s w;r thska 200l ckdjdi mj;S'

• ëjr l¾udka;h l,dmfha m%Odk wd¾Ól lghq;a;la fõ'

• fkd.eUqre yd lvf;d`M fjr<ksid ëjr l¾udka;hg ys;lr njla ks¾udKh ù we;'

• ëjr l¾udka;h wdY%s; úúO /lshd ìysj we; ûd`M" lrj, yd ta wdY%s; ksIamdok" ëjr

hd;%d ksmoùu&'

• ëjr jrdh yd ta wdY%s; k.r ixj¾Okh isÿ fõ'

ixpdrl l¾udka;h

• ud, Èjhsk fldr,amr iys; fkd.eUqre uqyqo" meyeÈ,s c,h fuka u o¾YkSh je,s;,

j,ska hq;= ¥m;a rdcH ksid ixpdrl l¾udka;hg b;d fhda.Hh' ud,Èjhsfkys m%Odk wd¾Ól

ls%hdldrlula f,i fuh jeo.;ah'

• ixpdrl l¾udka;h wdY%s;j w;=re /lshd /ila ìysj we;'

• úfoaY úksuh bmehSfï§ o m%uqLia:dkhla ysñj we;'

• mdßißl ixpdrl l¾udka;h flfrys wjOdkh fhduq ù ;sfí'

• ixialD;sh wdrCId jk wdldrfhka l¾udka;h mj;ajd .ekSu’ ixpdrlhkag fjka jQ

¥m;a mej;Su$yqfol,d ixpdrl ¥m;a mej;Su lemS fmfkk ,CIKhka h'

• ¥m;a rdcHj,g f.da,Sh WKqiqï ùfï l%shdj,sh n,mEu ksid uqyqÿ uÜgu by< hdu

fya;=fjkaa ixpdrl l¾udka;h wjodkug ,laù ;sfí'

fjf<|du yd kdúl lghq;= (

• ¥m;a rdcHhla ùu ksid rfgys m%Odk k.r fjr<dY%s;j ks¾udKh ù we;'

• ckdjdi wdrïN jQ hq.fha isg fjf<odu uQ,sl lrf.k k.r j¾Okh ù ;sfí'

• j¾;udkh jkúg f,dal uqyqÿ .ukd.uk lafIa;%fha flakaøia:dkhla njg Y%S ,xldj

m;aj we;'

• kdúl hd;%d ksIamdokh" iqfLdamfNda.S ëjr hd;%d yd wfkl=;a fndaÜgq ksIamdok fjr<dY%s;j

oshqKq ù we;' uE; ld,fha § fjr< ;Srhka ys jrdh k.r bÈlsÍu o wdrïN ù we;'

fjr< N+ o¾Ykfha ixfõ§nj

ffcj úúO;ajh nyq, wjodkug ,laúh yels N+ñl,dmhla f,i fjr< ye¢kaúh yelsh' th

úúO jQ fN!;sl yd udkqI l%shdldrlï u; ksrka;rj fjkia fjñka mj;S' fï ksidu ixfõ§

mßir l,dmhla jk fjr< m%foaY Ldokh ùu yd ¥IKh ùu m%n, .eg¨jls' tfuka u tu .eg¨

wju lsÍug l,dmhg fuka u f.da,Sh jYfhka o l%shdud¾. .;hq;=j we;' ta wkqj ol=Kq wdishdkq

fjr< N+ o¾Ykh ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h'

• ,jk" j.=reìï iy lfvd,dk mßir moaO;s fujeks ixfõ§ mdßißl l,dm f,i y÷kd.;

yelsh' fuu mßirhg wdfõKsl Ydl úfYaI o we; ^lÿre" .sxfmd,a" lsr,&'

24

• fuu mßirhg wdfõKsl jQ mCISka" uiqka yd WNh Ôùka j¾. /ils ^biaika" ll=`Mjka"

leianEjka&'

• ixpdrl mCISyq o ;u wNsckk ld¾hhka i|yd fjr< mßirh f;dard .ks;s'

• fuu l,dmh ;=< udkqI l%shdldrlï jeäjk ;rug fjr< ¥IKh jeäfjñka mj;S'

• iajdNdúl l%shdj,s u; isÿjk fjr< Ldokh o .eg¨jlaj we;'

• fjr< Ldokh yd ÿIKh je<elaùug kS;s mekùu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu isÿfõ ^fjr< iSud"

fldr,a mr leãu ;ykï lsÍu&'

• fjr< ixrCIK l%u l%shdjg kxjhs ^.,ajeá" f.%dhsk neñ" lfvd,dk wdrCId lsÍu&'

• f.da,Sh WKqiqu by<hEfuka isÿúh yels id.r c, uÜgu by<hEu ms<sn| j oekqj;a

lsÍu yd wod< l%shdud¾. .ekSu'

.%dóh N+ o¾Ykh

iuia;hla f,i .;aúg ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha fndfyda m%foaYj, olakg ,efnkafka .%dóh

N+ o¾Ykhs' fuu l,dmh ;=< k.r olakg ,efnkafka wvq m%udKhla jk w;r wfkl=;a m%foaYj,

.%dóh N+ o¾Ykhla mj;shs'

• .%dóh N+ o¾Ykh ;=< uQ,sl f,i lDIsl¾udka;h mokïj we;' .%dóh wd¾Ólh lDIsl¾uh

u; flakaø ù we;'

• k.r ixLHdj wvqjk w;r tajdfha wvq ck ixLHdjla yd wvq ck >k;ajhla o olakg

,efí'

• úisreKq ckdjdi olakg we;'

• ffoksl ixp,;dj wvq njla olakg ,efí'

fN!;sl yd udkqI N+ o¾Ykh ixl,kh ù ks¾udKh jQ .%dóh N+ o¾Ykhg ksoiqkla f,i

fuys§ fhdod .efkkafka Y%S ,xldfõ úh<s l,dmhhs' tys meyeÈ,s .%dóh N+ o¾Ykh y÷kd.;

yelsh' ta wkqj fuys oelsh yels ,CIK lSmhla my; oelafõ'

• lDIsl¾uh m%Odk wd¾Ól l%shdldrlu fõ ^fnda. j.dj yd i;a;aj md,kh&'

• jej iy jdßud¾. flakaøSh j .u j¾Okh ù we;'

• ù j.dj m%Odk jk w;r Bg wu;rj fjk;a wdydr fnda. o j.d flf¾' ù j.dj jeis

c,fhka fukau jdß c, iïmdokfhka o isÿflf¾'

• úh<s l,dmfha .ï iajhxfmdaIs; h'

• ióm iudc iïnkaO;d iys; iudchl ckhd Ôj;a fjhs'

25

kd.ßl N+ o¾Ykh

fN!;sl N+ o¾Ykh u; nyq,j isÿ lrk udkqI l%shdldrlï fya;=fjka kd.ßl N+ o¾Ykh

f.dvke.S we;'

• ta wkqj fmdl=re ckdjdi" f.dvke.s,s" ud¾. cd, bÈ l< m%foaY wdÈh fuys olakg

,efí' ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmh YS>%fhka kd.ÍlrKh isÿjk l,dmhls' kd.ßl N+

o¾Ykhg fmdÿ jQ ,CIK lSmhls'

• kd.ßl N+ o¾Ykh k.r flakaø lrf.k ks¾udKh ù we;'

• l¾udka; msysàu yd ta wdY%s; fiajd l%shdldrlï ksid k.r j¾Okh ù we;'

• w;sYhska ckdlS¾K jQ;a iSñ; N=ñ m%foaYhl f.dvke.s,s jHdma; ù we;'

• .ug idfmaCIj jeä ck.ykhla olakg ,efnk w;r ck >k;ajh o wêlh'

• úúO fiajd talrdYS ù we;' fi!LH wOHdmk" mßmd,k yd ld¾ñl jeks oaú;Shsl yd

;D;Shsl wd¾Ól lghq;= jeä jYfhka olakg ,efí'

• ksjdi tall w;r fN!;sl ÿr b;d wvq w;r iudÔh ÿria: nj jeäh'

• ie,eiaulska f;drj j¾Okh jQ k.r ;=< wixúê; wxY f.dv ke.S we;'

• ffoksl ixp,;dj by<h'

ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk l,dmhla jk ol=Kq wdishdfjys kd.ßl N+ o¾Ykhg ksoiqka

lSmhla y÷kd.; yels h' uqïndhs" l,algdj" fpkakdhs" kjÈ,a,s" ,dfyda¾" lrÉÑ yd bia,dudndoa

wdÈh ta w;r jeo.;ah' fuys § wjOdkh fhduq lrkqfha uqïndhsys kd.ßl N+ o¾Ykh flfrysh' tys

oelsh yels fmdÿ ,CIK lSmhls'

• k.rh jHdma; ùug fjr<dikak mq`M,a ;eks;,d N=ñfha msysàu n,md ;sîu'

• ld¾ñl m%foaYhla f,i j¾Okh ùu'

• jrdh wdY%s; k.rhla f,i jeo.;a ùu'

• bkaÈhdfõ m%uqL;u jdKsc yd ld¾ñl flakaøia:dkhla ùu'

• m%Odku fiajd uOHia:dkhls' wOHdmkh" úfõlh yd úfkdaoh i|yd jk fiajd oelsh yels

w;r iskud l¾udka;hg o m%uqL jQ k.rhla ùu'

• wvq myiqlï iys; kd.ßl ckdjdi nyq, ùu'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (.=Kd;aul fhojqï (.=Kd;aul fhojqï (.=Kd;aul fhojqï (.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

f,dal is;shï fmd;" f,dal wdlD;s is;shï" wdo¾Y f,dal f.da,h" ol=Kq wdishdfõ N+ o¾Yk

oelafjk mska;+r" N+ o¾Yk ms<sn| úia;r we;=<;a ixhqla; ;eá" mqj;am;a" ,sms yd jd¾;d

we.hSï yd ;lafiare ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï yd ;lafiare ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï yd ;lafiare ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï yd ;lafiare ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï yd ;lafiare ks¾Kdhl

- fjr<g fmdÿ jQ fN!;sl ,CIK m%ldY lrhs'

- fjr< wdY%s; wd¾Ól lghq;= úia;r lrhs'

- Y%S ,xldfõ yd ud,Èjhsfkys ëjr l¾udka;h ms<sn| j woyia olajhs'

- Y%S ,xldfõ yd ud,Èjhsfkys ixpdrl l¾udka;h ms<sn| j úia;r lrhs'

- fjr< l,dmfha ixfõ§j yd th ixrCIKh lr.kakd wdldrh úia;r lrhs'

- .%dóh N+ o¾Ykfhys ,CIK bÈßm;a lrhs'

26

- Y%S ,xldfõ úh<s l,dmSh .ïudkhla weiqfrka ol=Kq wdishdfõ .%dóh N+ o¾Ykh meyeÈ,s

lrhs'

- kd.ßl N+ o¾Ykfhys ,CIK bÈßm;a lrhs'

- uqïndhs k.rh weiqßka ol=Kq wdishdfõ kd.ßl N+ o¾Ykfhys ,CIK úia;r lrhs'

- kd.ßl N+ o¾Ykh wdY%s; .eg¨ meyeÈ,s lrhs'

- ks¾udKd;aul yelshd m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

- lreKq .fõIKh lr bÈßm;a lrhs'

27

8'3'1 kso¾Yl l%shdldrlu8'3'1 kso¾Yl l%shdldrlu8'3'1 kso¾Yl l%shdldrlu8'3'1 kso¾Yl l%shdldrlu8'3'1 kso¾Yl l%shdldrlu

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( ol=Kq wdishd l,dmfha N+f.da,Sh N+ o¾Ykh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ( • N+f.da,Sh N+ o¾Ykfha fN!;sl yd udkqI ixrpl w;r we;s iïnkaO;dj

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

l%shdldrlu ( mska;+r .e<mqula ks¾udKh lsÍu ^lKavdhï l%shdldrlï&


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ì%iag,a fndaâ" ßðf*daï" .ï iy N+ o¾Ykj, mska;+r


fuu l%shdldrlu ;=<ska ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmfha l÷lr N+ o¾Ykh iy fjr< N+ o¾Ykh

ms<sn| j YsIHhkag wjfndaOhla ,nd§ug wfmaCIs;h' ta wkqj l÷lr iy fjr< N+ ,CIKj,

n,mEu u; ks¾ñ; udkqI N+ o¾Ykh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq flfrkq we;' ta ;=<ska ix.Dys; jQ

oekqula ,efnk w;r Tjqkag m%shcklj ksr;úh yels l%shdldrlula f,i o ye¢kaúh yels h'

YsIHhka m%udKh wkqj lKavdhï fyda flaj, jYfhka fuh isÿl< yelsh' mdvu wdrïNhg

i;shlg muK fmr l÷lr yd fjr< N+ o¾Ykj, mska;+r tl;= lr .kakd f,i YsIHhkag Wmfoia

Èh hq;=h'

mshjr I ( l÷lrfha .x`.djla wdrïNl ia:dkh ^l÷lrh& yd uqyqog jefgk ia:dkh oelafjk

mska;+r folla m%o¾Ykh lrñka ta ia:dk ms<sn| j úuiSu iy ta ;=<ska l÷lr yd fjr<

N+ o¾Yk ms<sn| ud;Dldj,g msúiSu' ol=Kq wdishdfõ l÷lr iy fjr< N+ o¾Yk

ms<sn| flá idlÉPdjla fufyhùu'

mshjr II ( YsIHhka lKavdhï lr ilid .;a N+ o¾Yk wdY%s; mska;+r tl;=jla ,nd§u' ta ;=<

l÷lr iy fjr< hk N+ o¾Yk foflysu mska;+r we;=<;a úh hq;=h' lKavdhï ;=< fyda

fjk;a lKavdhïj, YsIHhka iu. mska;+r yqjudre lrf.k tla N+ o¾Ykhlg wod<

mska;+r f;dard .ekSug;a tajd tla mqjrejl /|ùug;a Wmfoia fokak'

mshjr III ( mska;=rj,ska ilia l< N+ o¾Ykh mka;shg bÈßm;a lrùu' ta wdY%s;j idlÉPdjla

fufyhùu yd tajd igyka lr.ekSug fhduq lsÍu'

mshjr IV ( .=rejrhd úiska mdvu iudf,dapkh lsÍu ks¾Kdhl u; ,l=Kq ,nd§u yd wjYH

m%;sfmdaIK ,nd§u'

28


- ol=Kq wdishdfõ l÷lr N+ o¾Ykfha úfYaIs; ,CIK meyeÈ,s lrhs'

- ol=Kq wdishdfõ fjr< N+ o¾Ykfha úfYaIs; ,CIK úia;r lrhs'

- fmr iqodkï ùfï yelshdj m%lg lrhs'

- kshñ; ld,hg ld¾hh id¾:lj ksu lrhs'

- iduqysl .=Kdx. m%lg lrhs'

- ks¾udKd;aulj bÈßm;a lrhs'

- N+ o¾Ykj, úfYaIs; ,CIK wkqms<sfj<lg olajhs'

29

8'4 Y%S ,xld 1 ( 508'4 Y%S ,xld 1 ( 508'4 Y%S ,xld 1 ( 508'4 Y%S ,xld 1 ( 508'4 Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shï ye¢kaùu000 N+ ,CIK is;shï ye¢kaùu000 N+ ,CIK is;shï ye¢kaùu000 N+ ,CIK is;shï ye¢kaùu000 N+ ,CIK is;shï ye¢kaùu

ksmqK;dj ( o;a; yd f;dr;=re /ia lsÍu" úYaf,aIKh lsÍu" w¾: ksrEmkh yd bÈßm;a

lsÍu i|yd N+f.da, úoHdfõ l%uYs,am Ndú; lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'4'1 Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shfï uQ,sl ,CIK wOHhkh lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ( • Y%S ,xldfõ 1(50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shul uQ,sl ,CIK ksoiqka weiqßka

úia;r lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 04 hs'


• Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shula y÷kajd §u yd tys we;=<;a uQ,sl ,CIK lsysmhla

wOHhkh lsÍu fuu tallfha wruqK fõ' fï i|yd Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 is;shï lsysmhla

mßyrKh lsÍug wjia:dj i,id §u w;HjYH h'

• mdvug msúiSu i|yd YsIHhka oekgu;a okakd uQ,sl is;shï j¾.SlrKh ms<sn| u;lh

wjÈ lsÍu l< yels h'

• f;aud is;shï rdYshlska olajk f;dr;=re N+ ,CIK is;shul oelaúh yels fõ'

• 1 ( 50"000 mßudKh ms<sn| j YsIH wjOdkh fhduq lrjkak’ fmdf<dj u; 1 km ÿrla

is;shu u; 2 cm u.ska oelafõ' ta wkqj tu mßudKhg Y%S ,xldju ±lafjk mßÈ w¢kq

,nk Y%S ,xld is;shu úYd, È. m<,la .kq we;' ta wkqj Y%S ,xld is;shu 8'64 m È. yd

4'48 m m<, tlla jkq we;' fuh mßyrKhg wmyiq úYd, is;shula ksid is;shï m;%

fldgia 92 la u.ska ±laùug yelsjk mßÈ 1(50"000 is;shï 92 la Y%S ,xldju wdjrKh

lsÍug ks¾udKh lr ;sfí'

• Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shfï ksrEmKh lr we;s N+ ,CIK fN!;sl yd ixialD;sl

jYfhka m%Odk fldgia follg fnÈh yelsh'

fN!;sl ,CIK udkqI ,CIK

N+ úIu;dj mßmd,k udhsï

c,jykh c,iïmdokh

iajdNdúl jDCI,;d j.djka

ud¾.

ckdjdi

f.dvke.s,s

• fuu f;dr;=re oelaùu i|yd wCIr yd j¾K Ndú; lr ;sfí' olajd we;s iQplh wdOdrfhka

m%foaYfha we;s N+ ,CIK lshjd f;areï .; yelsh'

• fuys olajd we;s bf.kqï m, flf¾ Tfí wjOdkh fhduq lrkak' mdvu wjidkfha tu

bf.kqï m, <`.d lr .; yels jk mßÈ mdvu ie,iqï lr .kak'

30

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

• weÜ,ia is;shï fmd;a

• Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shï m;% ^fldgia& lsysmhla


• m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï myiqfjka we.hSug ,la l< yels wdldrhg fhdað; ks¾Kdhl weiqßka

mdvug .e<fmk mßÈ iqÿiq tajd f;dard.kak'

• N+ ,CIK is;shfï mßudKh ,shd olajhs'

• is;shfï ia:dk folla w;r ienE ÿr m%ldY lrhs'

• Y%S ,xldfõ È. m<, wkqj 1 ( 50"000 mßudKhg w¢kq ,nk ;ks is;shfï È. m<, .Kkh

lr olajhs'

• is;shï m;% 92 w;ßka ;u m%foaYh wh;a is;shï m;%h y÷kd .kshs'

• 1 ( 50"000 is;shïj, we;=<;a fN!;sl yd udkqI ,CIKj,g WodyrK fidhd .kshs'

• N+ ,CIK ksrEmKh i|yd fhdodf.k we;s ixfla;" wCIr yd j¾K úia;r lrhs'

31


ksmqK;dj ( o;a; yd f;dr;=re /ia lsÍu" úYaf,aIKh lsÍu" w¾: ksrEmkh yd bÈßm;a

lsÍu i|yd N+f.da, úoHdfõ l%u Ys,am Ndú; lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shïj, uQ,sl ,CIK wOHhkh lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ( • Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shfï úYd,;ajh m%udKdkql+,j olajhs'

ld,h ( ñks;a;= 40 hs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï( • Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shï lsysmhla

• fldgia 92 lg fnok ,o Y%S ,xld is;shula


fuh Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 is;shu m%udKdkql+,j fldmuK úYd, is;shula oehs jgyd .ekSu

i|yd wkq.ukh l< yels l%shdldrluls'

mshjr I ( Y%S ,xldfõ is;shula weiqßka Y%S ,xldfõ Wmßu È. yd m<, oelaùug YsIH YsIHhdjkag

wjia:dj i,ikak'

È. - fmaÿre;=vqj isg fojqkaor ;=vqj olajd 432 km

m<, - fld<U isg ix.uka lkao ;=vqj olajd 224 km

mshjr II ( 1 ( 50"000 mßudKh ms<sn| YsIHhka ;=< woyila f.dv k.kak'

is;shu N+ñh

1cm = 50"000 cm

1cm = ½ km

2cm = 1 km

is;shfï lsishï ia:dk folla f;dardf.k tys ÿr m%udKh fikaáógr j,ska uek.kak'

thska N+ñh u; oelafjk ÿr m%udKh .Kkh lrkak'

mshjr III ( 1 ( 50"000 mßudKhg we| we;s mQ¾K Y%S ,xld N+ ,CIK is;shfï ±lafjk Y%S ,xldfõ È.

yd m<, .Kkh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

È. - 432 km × 2 = 864 cm = 8.64 m

m<, - 224 km × 2 = 448 cm = 4.48 m

mshjr IV ( tu is;shu ìu È. yeÍu i|yd fldmuK bv m%udKhla wjYH o hkak oek .ekSu

i|yd 8.64 m × 4.48 m m%udKh uek fldgqjla iqÿiq ia:dkhl we|.kak' t<suyka

ia:dkhl fyda Yd,djla ;=< fuu m%udKh uek i,l=Kq lr .; yelsfõ'

32

mshjr V ( fu;rï úYd, Y%S ,xld is;shula mßyrKh lsÍu ms<sn| we;s jk wmyiq;d ms<sn|

YsIHhka f.kaa úuikak' mßyrKfha myiqj i|yd fuu is;shu fldgia 92 lg fnod

tajd uqøKh lr we;s nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'


• Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shu y÷kajhs'

• Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shï ieliS we;s wdldrh meyeos,s lrhs'

• Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shfï úYd,;ajh ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka woyia olajhs'

• Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shï iduqysl j ksÍCIKh lrhs'

• Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shu ms<sn| ksjeros f;dr;=re bosßm;a lrhs'

33

ksmqK;d uÜgu( 8'4'2 Y%S ,xldfõ 1(50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shfï olakg ,efnk f;dard.;a fN!;sl

,CIK lsysmhla y÷kajhs'

bf.kqï m, ( • ifudaÉp f¾Ld w¾: ksrEmkh lrhs'

• f;dard.;a N+ ,CIK ifudaÉp f¾Ldj, úys§u wkqj y÷kd .kshs'

• f;dard.;a fN!;sl ,CIK ifudaÉp f¾Ldj,ska ksrEmkh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs'

mdvï ie,iqï i|yd Wmfoia (

• 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shïj, oelafjk fN!;sl ,CIK lSmhla ifudaÉp f¾Ld u.ska

y÷kd.ekSu iy tajd ksrEmkh lsÍu fuu tallfha uQ,sl wruqK fõ' fï i|yd m%Odk

fN!;sl ,CIK myla f;dardf.k we;' tajd kï fld;a lkao" l÷jeáh" lfmd,a," ksïkh

yd fkrejh'

• fï i|yd 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shï m;% lsysmhla fyda tajdhska Wmqgdf.k m%ldYhg

m;alr we;s l=vd is;shï fldgia lsysmhla fyda Ndú; lsÍu WÑ;h'

• is;shï we£u yd wdlD;s ks¾udKh hk ld¾hhka flaj, fyda lKavdhï l%shd f,i ie,iqï

l< yelsh'

• fuu fldgi i|yd fjka lr we;s ld,Éfþo 06 Tng wNsu; f,i fnodf.k mdvu

ie,iqï l< yelsh' bf.kqï m, lrd YsIHhka <`.d lr úh yels mßÈ mdvu ie,iqï lr

.ekSu Tng mejfrk ld¾hh fõ'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

• 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shfï is;shï m;% lsysmhla

• is;shï fldgia we£u i|yd wjYH WmlrK

• ;%sudK wdlD;s f.dvke.Sug wjYH uQ,sl foa ^lvodis" ldâfndaâ" m,ama" laf,a" .ï" j¾K&


m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï YsIH we.hSu i|yd fhdod.; yels jvd;a WÑ; wjia:djka f,i

i,lkak' my; olajd we;s ks¾Kdhl w;ßka Tn mdvug .e<fmk ks¾Kdhl lSmhla f;dard.kak'

tfia fkdue;s kï iqÿiq ks¾Kdhl lSmhla f;dard .kak'

• ifudaÉp f¾Ld ksjerÈj w¾:l:kh lrhs'

• imhk ,o is;shul f;dard.;a fN!;sl ,CIK ksjerÈj kï lrhs'

• f;dard.;a fN!;sl ,CIK ifudaÉp f¾Ldj,ska we| olajhs'

• f;dard.;a fN!;sl ,CIK ;%sudkj f.dvk.hs'

• iduqyslj l%shd lrhs'

• meyeÈ,s nj" l%uj;a nj" msßisÿ nj w.hhs'

• iuia; ksudj .ek wjOdkh fhduq lrhs'

34


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( Y%S ,xldfõ 1(50"000 N+ ,CIK olakg ,efnk f;dard.;a fN!;sl ,CIK

lsysmhla ksrEmkh lrhs'

bf.kqï m, ( • fld;a lkao" l÷jeáh" lfmd,a," ksïkh yd fkrej hk fN!;sl

,CIK ;%sudkj ks¾udKh lrhs'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï(

• 1(50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shula

• weiqreï fmÜáhl fldgila

• lvodis m,am

• .ï fnda;,hla


8'4'2 tallh i|yd fjka lr we;s ld,Éfþo yfhka wjidk ld,Éfþo fol fï i|yd fhdod

.; yelsh' ifudaÉp f¾Ld u.ska f;dard.;a N+ rEm myla fï jk úg;a y÷kdf.k we| we;s ksid

tajd ;%sudk j ksrEmKh lsÍu myiqfõ'

• N+ rEm ks¾udKh i|yd imhd we;s is;shu fhdod.; yelsh' tys wod< N+ rEm my u olajd

;sfí'

• is;shfï m%udKhg iudk jk m%udKfha ^20 x 16 cm& weiqreï fmÜáhlska fldgila lmd

.kak'

ifudaÉp f¾Ld u.ska ±lafjk ógr 100g jeä Wiaìï fldgia olajk m%foaY ifudaÉp f¾Ld

Èf.a lmd .kak' th weiqreï fmÜáfha lmd.;a fldgi u; w,jd .kak'

• fufia 120" 140 jYfhka Wiaìï fldgia lmdf.k ;Ügq jYfhka tajd tlsfkl u;

w,jkak'

• iïmQ¾K N+ rEmh ;Ügq jYfhka w,jd .;a miq tajd iqug lsÍu i|yd m,amhla fhdod.;

yelsh'

• N+ rEmfha ku lvodisj, ,shd wod< ia:dkfha w,jkak'

we.hSï yd ;lafiare ks¾Kdhl ( (

- ifudaÉp f¾Ldjla hkq l=ula oehs y÷kajhs'

- 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shul f;dard.;a fN!;sl ,CIK y÷kdf.k ksjerosj kï lrhs'

- by; N+ ,CIK ;%sudkj f.dvkxjhs'

- ks¾udKd;aul yelshd m%lg lrhs'

- kshñ; ld,hg ld¾hh id¾:l j ksu lrhs'

- meyeos,s yd l%uj;a núka lghq;= lrhs'

35

36

ksmqK;d uÜgu ( 8'4'3 Y%S ,xldfõ 1(50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shïj, f;dard.;a ixialD;sl ,CIK

lsysmhla y÷kajhs'

bf.kqï m, ( • ixialD;sl ,CIK ksjerÈ j ks¾jpkh lrhs'

• f;dard.;a ixialD;sl ,CIK lsysmhl iajNdjh y÷kd .kshs'

• f;dard.;a ixialD;sl ,CIK i|yd fhdodf.k we;s ixfla;" wCIr" j¾K

úia;r lrhs'

• f;dard.;a udkqI N+ ,CIK ksrEmKh lr olajhs'

ld,Éfþo ( 06 hs'


Y%S ,xld 1 ( 50"000 is;shïj, oelafjk f;dard.;a ixialD;sl ,CIK lsysmhla y÷kdf.k

tajd we| oelaùu fuu tallfhka wfmaCId flf¾' fï i|yd ixialD;sl ,CIK lsysmhla f;dardf.k

we;' tajd kï

• m<d;a udhsu" Èia;%slal udhsu

• wêfõ.S ud¾." uydud¾." ÿïßh ud¾.

• jej" jdßud¾.

1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shïj, fuu ixialD;sl ,CIK ksrEmKh lsÍu i|yd fhdodf.k

we;s ixfla;" wCIr yd j¾K .ek YsIH wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=fõ' iqplh wdOdrfhka tajd

y÷kdf.k is;shu u; tu ,CIK i|ykaj we;s ia:dk y÷kd.ekSug fhduq lrkak' wk;=rej tajd

Wmqgd f.k ksrEmKh lsÍug wjia:dj i,id fokak'

fuu fldgi i|yd fjka lr we;s ld,Éfþo yh iqÿiq mßÈ fnod fjka lr .kak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï (

- 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shfï is;shï m;% lSmhla

- is;shï fldgia we£u i|yd wjYH WmlrK


fhdod.; yels ks¾Kdhl lsysmhla my; oelafõ'

• ixialD;sl ,CIK ksjerÈ j w¾: l:kh lrhs'

• 1 ( 50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shñka f;dard.;a ixialD;sl ,CIK ksjerÈ j y÷kd.kshs'

• f;dard.;a ixialD;sl ,CIK oelafjk is;shï fldgia we| olajhs'

• meyeÈ,s nj yd iuia; ksudj w.hhs'

• woyia yqjudre lr .ksñka iduQyslj l%shdlrhs'

• wjYH ;ekaj, .=rejrhdf.a iydh ,nd .kshs'

37


ksmqK;d uÜgu ( Y%S ,xldfõ 1(50"000 N+ ,CIK is;shïj, f;dard.;a ixialD;sl ,CIK lsysmhla

we| olajhs'

bf.kqï m, ( • m<d;a udhsu" Èia;%slal udhsu" uyd ud¾.h" ÿïßh ud¾. jej yd jdß ud¾.h

hk ixialD;sl ,CIK 1 ( 50"000 is;shulska Wmqgd olajhs'

ld,h ( ñks;a;= 80 hs'


• 8'4'3 tallh i|yd fjka lr we;s ld,Éfþo yfhka wjidk ld,Éfþo fol fï i|yd

fhdod .ekSu iqÿiqh'

• w¢k lvodish" mekai,a" f;dard.;a mdg mekai,a wdÈh imhd f.k taug YsIHhkag

Wmfoia fokak'

• 1 ( 50"000 ir, is;shï m;% lsysmhla YsIHhka g imhkak' is;shï f;dard .ekSfï § by;

ixialD;sl ,CIK ish,a,u we;=<;a jk fldgia ^m;%&f;dard .ekSu .ek ie,ls,su;a

jkak'

• we£u i|yd iqÿiq fldgia f;dard .ekSu ms<sn| j YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd lrkak' me;a;la

6×8 cm muK jk fldgqjla ;=< by; ,CIK ish,a,u fyda jeä m%udKhla ksrEmKh jk

fia is;shï fldgia f;dard.kak' f;dard.;a is;shï fldgia tllska fyda follska by;

ixialD;sl ,CIK ksrEmKh lsÍu iqÿiqh'

• w¢k ,o is;shï fldgia w.h lrkak' wvqmdvq fmkajd § tajd ksjerÈ lr.ekSug wjYH

Wmfoia ,ndfokak'

• fuu l%shdj,sh ;lafiarej yd we.hSu i|yd fhdod .; yels nj i,lkak'


- ixialD;sl ,CIK w¾: l:kh lrhs'

- f;dard.;a ixialD;sl ,CIK ksjerosj ksrEmKh lrhs'

- kshñ; ld,h ;=< ld¾hh id¾:l j ksu lrhs'

- wjYH jQ úg .=re Wmfoia ,nd .ekSug lghq;= lrhs'

- meyeos,s yd l%uj;a nj w.h lrñka lghq;= lrhs'

38

msgljr ks¾udKh rùkaø f;akqjr uhd

mß.Kl msgq ieliqu fudksld úfÊfldaka ñh

f,dard u,úm;srK ñh

úúO iyh Ô'tia'ã' m%kdkaÿ uhd

39

Documents

=re ud¾f.damfoaYh€¦ · N+f.da, úoHdj.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh 8 fY%AKsh ^2017 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fõ& iudchSh úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh uyr.u i