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I N T R O D U C T I O N It is well established that urban green areas provide a wide range of social, aesthetic, environmental and economic EHQHWV7KHLPSRUWDQFHRIXUEDQJUHHQVSDFHVKDVEHHQknown for decades; however, the relationship between ur-ban livability and green areas, as incorporated in overall urban green structure, has become the focus of interna-WLRQDOVWXGLHVGXULQJWKHODVWWR\HDUV

7KHVSDWLDOVWUXFWXUHRIXUEDQJUHHQVSDFHV\VWHPVKDVLP-SRUWDQWFRQVHTXHQFHVIRUXUEDQIRUPFRQJXULQJXUEDQresources, controlling urban size, improving ecological quality of urban areas and preventing or mitigating natural GLVDVWHUV+RZHYHU LQ WKHHOGRIDUFKLWHFWXUHRUXUEDQdesign, very little work has been done to investigate the SRWHQWLDO IRU EXLOW IRUP WR GHQH DQG GLIIHUHQWLDWH WKHHGJHWRDJUHHQFRUULGRU

7KH UHVHDUFK UHWURWV WKH JUHHQFRUULGRU SODQQLQJ FRQ-cept to East Christchurch using red-zoned suburban land to create a new open space corridor between the FLW\ FHQWHU DQG WKH FRDVW 7KH &KULVWFKXUFK FDVH VWXG\LVXQXVXDOIRUWZRUHDVRQV)LUVWO\WKHVHLVPLFHYHQWVRI2011 have caused a discontinuity in the urban fabric creat-LQJKHFWDUHVRIXQEXLOGDEOHULYHUVLGHODQG6HFRQGO\green-corridors are typically created before suburban de-velopment occurs rather than being overlaid on existing VHWWOHPHQWSDWWHUQV

At an architectural scale, the research investigates possi-ELOLWLHV IRU FUHDWLQJ DQ LQWHQVLHG LQWHJUDWHG \HW GLIIHU-HQWLDWHG EXLOW HGJH DORQJ WKH FRUULGRU 7KLV LV DFKLHYHGby providing higher local densities that both repair and H[SORLWWKHHGJHFRQGLWLRQ,QGRLQJVRWKHWKHVLVGUDZVWRJHWKHU WZRDVSHFWVRIXUEDQGHVLJQUVW WKH UHODWLRQ-ship between green-corridor and city; and second, the FRQQHFWLRQ EHWZHHQ LQWHQVLHG GLYHUVLHG VHWWOHPHQWSDWWHUQVDQGPRUHHFRORJLFDOFLW\IRUPV

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7KLV WKHVLV WKHUHIRUHSRVHV WKHK\SRWKHVLV WKDWDUFKLWHF-ture and urban design critically mediate between city and JUHHQ FRUULGRU WKURXJK LQWHQVLFDWLRQ DQGGHQLWLRQRIthe built edge, as a means of contributing to an ecological FLW\IRUP

1.1 | r e s e a r c h m e t h o d

Part I of the thesis involves a review of the relevant litera-WXUH7KLVLVFRQGXFWHGLQXQLVRQZLWKDJUDSKLFDQDO\VLVRIEXLOWSUHFHGHQWV7KHKLVWRU\FKDUDFWHUDQGVWUXFWXUHof the edge conditions of green corridor cities are ana-lysed along with general urban design principles relevant WRHGJHGHQLWLRQRISXEOLFRSHQVSDFH3DUW,,LVDGHVLJQcase study located in Eastern Christchurch and the red-]RQHVXEXUEV&KULVWFKXUFKLVDQDO\VHGDWDFLW\ZLGHVFDOHDQGFRPSDUHGZLWKQGLQJVIURPWKHSUHFHGHQWDQDO\VLVLQ3DUW , 7KLV FRPSDULVRQ H[SORUHV HGJH FRQGLWLRQV DW(i) city/metropolitan (ii) node/neighbourhood centre and (iii) site planning/architecture scales in order to arrive at design criteria and strategies which produce built edges to WKH FRUULGRU WKDW DUH LQWHQVLHG GLIIHUHQWLDWHG \HW IXOO\LQWHJUDWHGZLWKERWKVXEXUEDQGRSHQVSDFH

2.o Literature Review SUHVHQWV WKH NH\ QGLQJV IURPUHOHYDQWOLWHUDWXUH,QRUGHUWRLQYHVWLJDWHZKHWKHUGHQ-ing the city edge of Christchurchs green corridor through LQWHQVLFDWLRQLVDQHFRORJLFDODSSURDFKWRFLW\IRUPERWKthe planning tool of the green corridor and the strategies of integrating, intensifying and differentiating have to be UHVHDUFKHG $FFRUGLQJO\ WKH OLWHUDWXUH UHYLHZ KDV WZRSDUWV*UHHQ&RUULGRUVDQG,QWHQVLFDWLRQ6WUDWHJLHV

| green corr idors

7KH RYHUDOO DLP RI WKLV VHFWLRQ LV WR SURYLGH DQ XQGHU-standing of the relationship between green corridor and the city in order to develop a design response to the edge FRQGLWLRQ7KLVVHFWLRQUHVHDUFKHVWKHGHQLWLRQDQGFRQ-

cise history of green corridors including their purpose and UHODWLRQVKLSWRRYHUDOOFLW\IRUP

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Current theory on city form has the over-arching motive RI VXVWDLQDELOLW\ 6LPLODUO\ ,QWHQVLFDWLRQ WKHRU\ KDV DVXVWDLQDELOLW\DJHQGD7KLVVHFWLRQRIWKHOLWHUDWXUHUHYLHZsummarises contemporary theory on the form of subur-EDQLQWHQVLFDWLRQDQGFULWLTXHVWKH OLWHUDWXUH LQUHODWLRQWRLQWHJUDWLRQDQGGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQREMHFWLYHV7KHLVVXHRIintegration begins with the notion that a green corridor is SDUWRIDZLGHUXUEDQVWUXFWXUH'LIIHUHQWLDWLRQGHDOVZLWKWKHVSHFLFLW\RIEHLQJRQDQHGJH

Implementation practices are also addressed in this chap-WHU 7KH DFFHSWDELOLW\ RI VXEXUEDQ LQWHQVLFDWLRQZLWKLQthe host community is examined, with the understanding that if new development is widely rejected by the com-PXQLW\WKHQLWLVLQKHUHQWO\XQVXVWDLQDEOH

3.o Precedent Study LVLQWKUHHSDUWVWRUHHFWWKHWKUHHGLIIHUHQWVFDOHVRIWKHGHVLJQFDVHVWXG\6SHFLFDOO\WKHVHbuilt precedents are scrutinised for evidence of integrat-ing, intensifying and differentiating the interface between RSHQVSDFHDQGVXEXUEDQIRUP7KHFKDSWHUEHJLQVZLWKDQDO\VLVRIWKUHHFRQWHPSRUDU\JUHHQFRUULGRUFDVHVWXGLHVBoth the metropolitan and neighbourhood scale issues are discussed, with the key principles from each contributing to an initial set of design criteria that is used the Christch-XUFKFDVHVWXG\7KH ODWHUSDUWRI WKHFKDSWHUDQDO\VHVDcollection of architectural edge conditions and translates additional design strategies, relevant to the green corridor ERXQGDU\DWWKLVVPDOOHUVFDOH

4.o ContextLVWKHRSHQLQJFKDSWHURISDUW,,RIWKHWKHVLV7KLVFKDSWHUSUHVHQWVQGLQJVIURPJUDSKLFVLWHDQDO\VLVof the site; including, the use of the urban green systems in the colonial layout of Christchurch as well as the po-

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tential of the Eastern Christchurch Green Corridor and LWVLPSOLFDWLRQVIRUWKHFLW\$QDO\VLVRIGLIIHUHQWVLWHFRQ-ditions along the perimeter of the corridor are mapped DQG GLVFXVVHG ,QIRUPHG E\ WKLV DQDO\VLV D QXPEHU RIamendments were made to the initial design criteria and VWUDWHJLHV 6SHFLF QRGHV DUH VXFFHVVLYHO\ LGHQWLHG DVSRWHQWLDOVLWHVIRUWKHGHVLJQFDVHVWXG\

5.o Design Case Study presents the proposed master plan of the corridor on a metropolitan scale, urban de-sign framework on a neighbourhood scale and building GHVLJQ IRU RQH RI WKH WKUHH QRGHV LGHQWLHG LQ FKDSWHU3RUULWW3DUN7KLVLVWKHFHQWUDOQRGHFKRVHQIRULWVrepresentation of the common suburban environments DORQJWKHHGJHRIWKHFRUULGRU7KHKRXVLQJLVW\SLFDORIthe wider residential zoning and the size, form and struc-ture of the streets and land plots is representative of East &KULVWFKXUFK

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R 3URSRVH VWUDWHJLF GHVLJQ LQLWLDWLYHV IRU WKH HFR-logically sound development of a green-corridor in East Christchurch

R,GHQWLI\DQGHYDOXDWHXUEDQGHVLJQFULWHULDDQGVWUDW-egies which produce built edges to the corridor that are LQWHQVLHG GLIIHUHQWLDWHG \HW IXOO\ LQWHJUDWHG ZLWK ERWKsuburb and open space

R 'HVLJQ D VHULHV RI DUFKLWHFWXUDO LQWHUYHQWLRQV RQVSHFLFVLWHVDORQJWKHERXQGDU\WRGHPRQVWUDWHDGHVLJQresponse to the common and particular edge conditions

7KHQRGDOVLWHVVHUYHDQLPSRUWDQWUROHDVFDWDO\VWVIRUWKHGHYHORSPHQWDQGXUEDQUHJHQHUDWLRQRIWKHZLGHUVLWH$Vsuch, the design case study node must function at region-DO FRPPXQLW\ DQG VLWH VSHFLF VFDOH7KHGHVLJQPHWK-RGRORJ\ LGHQWLHV SURJUDPPHV WKDW ZLOO KDYH WKH PRVW

positive impact on the edge of both the open and built IDEULF DFURVV WKHVH VFDOHV 7KLV LPSDFW LV DFNQRZOHGJHGin the promotion of passive and recreational activity, the provision of community facilities and amenities, the rela-WLRQVKLS WR VXEXUEDQ UHWDLO KXEV DQGWWLQJ LQZLWK WKHHFRORJLFDODLPVRIWKHSURMHFW

7KUHHVFDOHVRILQWHUYHQWLRQPHWURXUEDQDQGDUFKLWHF-tural - are discussed in response to the research objectives DQGGHVLJQFULWHULD

6.o Design Critique examines the design moves used in the previous chapter to create a set of design criteria and VWUDWHJLHV7KHVHFDQEHXVHGDORQJDQ\HGJHRIWKHJUHHQFRUULGRUVLWHDQG LPSOLPHQWHGDVD&KULVWFKXUFKVSHFLFWRRO NLW IRU KRZ WR GHYHORS DQ HGJH VLWH 7KHVH VWUDWH-gies are tested in two other node sites at the urban design IUDPHZRUNVFDOHWRLOOXVWUDWHWKHLUDSSOLFDELOLW\

7.0 ConclusionsUHHFWRQWKHUHVHDUFKQGLQJV,WFRQ-siders the key concepts used to guide this research, the research process used, and the applicability and limitations RI WKHUHVHDUFKQGLQJV)LQGLQJVDUHUHODWHGWREURDGHUFRQWH[WVLQWKHGLVFXVVLRQRIWKHLUJOREDOLPSOLFDWLRQ2IPRVWVLJQLFDQFHWKLVFKDSWHUFRQFOXGHVWKDWJUHHQFRU-ULGRUVDUHGLVHQJDJHGIURPWKHLUVXUURXQGLQJFRQWH[W6HF-RQGO\ WKH LQWHJUDWLRQ LQWHQVLFDWLRQ DQGGLIIHUHQWLDWLRQof green corridors in suburban contexts is poor and that the lack of communication between disciplines contrib-XWHVWRWKDWGHFLHQF\)XUWKHU LWQGVWKDWWKHHGJHRIJUHHQ FRUULGRUV FDQ EH EHWWHU GHQHG LQ WKHLU VXEXUEDQHQYLURQPHQW )LQDOO\ WKH ERXQGDU\ RI JUHHQ FRUULGRUVpossess much potential for achieving ecological objectives DQGHQKDQFHGXUEDQH[SHULHQFH

1.2 | r e s e a r c h s c o p e

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is unique and, as such, presents an opportunity to test WKHUHVHDUFKK\SRWKHVLV+RZHYHUWKHVLJQLFDQFHRIWKHZRUNLVLQLWVDSSOLFDELOLW\WRDX[LOLDU\FRQWH[WV%RWKWKHdesign methodology and conclusions can be applied to RSHQVSDFHQHWZRUNVJHQHUDOO\

7KHGHVLJQPHWKRGRORJ\IRFXVHVVSHFLFDOO\RQXUEDQGH-sign strategies, with the understanding that the integrity of the work is assessed against its formal and spatial con-VLGHUDWLRQV7KLVUHVHDUFKLVJURXQGHGLQDQXUEDQGHVLJQunderstanding of space and the neighbourhood scale is JLYHQ SUHFHGHQFH %RWK WKHPHWURSROLWDQ DQG VLWH SODQ-ning scale explorations are important testing grounds in ZKLFK WR DVVHVV DQG VWUHQJWKHQXUEDQGHVLJQSULQFLSOHV+HQFH WKH UHVHDUFKDLPV WR LGHQWLI\DQGHYDOXDWHXUEDQdesign strategies which produce built edges to the corridor WKDWDUHLQWHQVLHGGLIIHUHQWLDWHG\HWIXOO\LQWHJUDWHGZLWKERWKVXEXUEDQGRSHQVSDFH

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Increase activity in areas of closest proximity to the green corridor

I n t e n s i f y :

P r i n c i p l e sO b j e c t i v e s I n i t i a l D e s i g n C r i t e r i a

I n t e g r a t e :

D i f f e r e n t i a t e :

o1. Provide for medium density living at a minimum density of 15-35 dph

o2. Provide a diversity of housing types along the green corridor edge

o3. Increase activity through diversity of pro-gramming mixed-use neighbourhoods

o1. Care must be given to acknowledge the history, character, density and amenity of the existing built context

o2. The new edge must be connected, walk-able and diverse

o1. New development on the edge of the green corridor is to make a formal architec-tural response to the public interface

o2. Space must be clearly defi ned as either public or private space

o3. Ensure the gateway entrances to the green corridor are clearly articulated

New buildings on the edge of a green corridor have a distinct op-portunity and must occupy the boundary differently by exploit-ing the condition architecturally in order to take advantage of this opportunity

New development must give due care to acknowledge the existing building context

2 . 0&&d e s i g n p r i n -c i p l e s s t r a t e g i e ss t r a t e g i e s

29.

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ELGG Area Frameworks

ELGG Area Groups

Further Alterations to theLondon Plan [FALP]

East London Green Grid Supplementary Planning Guidanceto the London Plan an ELGG vision Strategic objectives Projects rationale Recommendations

East London SRDFLondon Plan OAPFs

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Forward StrategyPrimer DocumentNov 2006

Plan Nov 2007

East London Green GridAccelerating Deliveryphase on Mar 2008phased project frameworkupdated every 2 years

supporting strategicopen space funding bidsand partner organisation investment decisions

Section 1Area Strategy This section examines the context and baseline conditions, to propose a vision, area objectives and a set of area strategic opportunities inline with the ELGG SPG. Together these form a framework for future change, project development and evaluation.

Section 2Project Identication A schedule of project suggestions for consideration by the area group, design advisor and working group. Including interventions to be delivered through development, and those requiring site acquisition. Each project is mapped and described in a rolling project list.

Section 3Phase One Early Delivery The results of the areas project review and assessment, identifying the projects which best deliver the strategic objectives, as well as those which are feasible and deliverable. Thereby constituting a rst phaseof delivery.

Section 4Forward StrategyThe area chair and design advisor sum up the areas delivery of the Green Grid vision and identify any gaps, outlining the next steps in order to develop and and deliver phase one. They give their aspirations, and recommendations, including future governance options.

Design for London

29

Strategic opportunities The Lea Valley Green Grid Area includes the boroughs of Hackney, Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest. The report of consultants studies August 2005 and subsequent SPG to the London Plan recommended the following Strategic open space opportunities:

to create a major new park in the Olympic Legacy proposals

to improve access to the Thames and links across watercourses in the Lower Lea

to provide high quality community-orientated urban parks linked by the Regents Canal in the Victoria Park/Mile End Park Link, integrating art and culture

to refurbish and enhance the Northern Outfall Sewer Link and connect it with the Thames Gateway Bridge proposals

to improve and formalise public access to the Highams Park Link.

Strategic opportunities maps highlight the strategic open space opportunities that will inform the implementation of the Green Grid, through development planning, master planning, borough Open Space Strategies and individual projects. Each of the Area Groups will develop these lists as part of their Area Frameworks.

The Lea Valley is the rst tributary of the Thames to the east of the City of London. With its many channels and marshy ground it is a wide north-south swathe that has developed differently to the adjacent urban areas. Since the late 19th century, the valley has been the site of competing and conicting claims for London and Londoners. It is a location for infrastructure, business, habitat and recreational open space, of both local and metropolitan signicance. In terms of infrastructure, it is a primary site for water supply the reservoirs of Eneld and Tottenham occupy 420 hectares but are barely visible behind their high embankments. The Abbey Mills pumping station and Northern Outfall Sewer are important components of Londons sewage treatment network. The remnants of local gas and electricity generation have been assimilated into the regional network. The valley is traversed and constrained by regional road and rail networks, leading in many places to spatial fragmentation and poor local connections. In an industry context, while the Upper Lea Valley is one of the largest cluster of technology-led industrial estates in London (the London Plan), important industrial capacity remains in the Lower Lea too. Former industrial buildings provide a number of distinctive landmarks in the valley, for example the match factory at Hackney Wick. The tidal river and freshwater marshes are the basis for the valleys most distinctive wetland habitats. The Lea is tidal up to Lea Bridge Road, with a number of remaining intertidal habitats supplemented by new creations. The large industrial areas and infrastructure corridors have led to the existence of numerous patches of neglected vegetation and unofcial countryside, such as the slopes of the railway sidings embankment at Thorntons Fields; while former infrastructure sites, such as the Middlesex Filter Beds are now habitats with controlled access. For the communities bordering the Lea Valley,

which include some of the most deprived in the country, the valley represents fragmented and difcult links, for example to nearby transport infrastructure or shops, as well as disrupted catchments areas and patchy public service coverage. This problem is also evident in the difcult connections between the 800,000 residents in the boroughs of Tower Hamlets, Hackney, Newham and Waltham Forest, and for those in the wider east London area, and the Lea Valleys important and diverse places of recreation. Walking, cycling, athletics, football (the famous Hackney Marshes playing elds), rowing, horse riding and ice-skating are among the many activities that take place. London 2012 and the legacy of sporting facilities this would offer the area, promises to elevate aspects of the Lea Valleys sporting provision to metropolitan signicance.

Stephen Witherford, LDA Design Advisor David Anstey, Lea Valley Regional Park Authority Jim Sneddon, London Thames Gateway Development Corporation

1. The Lea Valley from the M25 to the Thames

28

29

Strategic opportunities The Lea Valley Green Grid Area includes the boroughs of Hackney, Newham, Tower Hamlets and Waltham Forest. The report of consultants studies August 2005 and subsequent SPG to the London Plan recommended the following Strategic open space opportunities:

to create a major new park in the Olympic Legacy proposals

to improve access to the Thames and links across watercourses in the Lower Lea

to provide high quality community-orientated urban parks linked by the Regents Canal in the Victoria Park/Mile End Park Link, integrating art and culture

to refurbish and enhance the Northern Outfall Sewer Link and connect it with the Thames Gateway Bridge proposals

to improve and formalise public access to the Highams Park Link.

Strategic opportunities maps highlight the strategic open space opportunities that will inform the implementation of the Green Grid, through development planning, master planning, borough Open Space Strategies and individual projects. Each of the Area Groups will develop these lists as part of their Area Frameworks.

The Lea Valley is the rst tributary of the Thames to the east of the City of London. With its many channels and marshy ground it is a wide north-south swathe that has developed differently to the adjacent urban areas. Since the late 19th century, the valley has been the site of competing and conicting claims for London and Londoners. It is a location for infrastructure, business, habitat and recreational open space, of both local and metropolitan signicance. In terms of infrastructure, it is a primary site for water supply the reservoirs of Eneld and Tottenham occupy 420 hectares but are barely visible behind their high embankments. The Abbey Mills pumping station and Northern Outfall Sewer are important components of Londons sewage treatment network. The remnants of local gas and electricity generation have been assimilated into the regional network. The valley is traversed and constrained by regional road and rail networks, leading in many places to spatial fragmentation and poor local connections. In an industry context, while the Upper Lea Valley is one of the largest cluster of technology-led industrial estates in London (the London Plan), important industrial capacity remains in the Lower Lea too. Former industrial buildings provide a number of distinctive landmarks in the valley, for example the match factory at Hackney Wick. The tidal river and freshwater marshes are the basis for the valleys most distinctive wetland habitats. The Lea is tidal up to Lea Bridge Road, with a number of remaining intertidal habitats supplemented by new creations. The large industrial areas and infrastructure corridors have led to the existence of numerous patches of neglected vegetation and unofcial countryside, such as the slopes of the railway sidings embankment at Thorntons Fields; while former infrastructure sites, such as the Middlesex Filter Beds are now habitats with controlled access. For the communities bordering the Lea Valley,

which include some of the most deprived in the country, the valley represents fragmented and difcult links, for example to nearby transport infrastructure or shops, as well as disrupted catchments areas and patchy public service coverage. This problem is also evident in the difcult connections between the 800,000 residents in the boroughs of Tower Hamlets, Hackney, Newham and Waltham Forest, and for those in the wider east London area, and the Lea Valleys important and diverse places of recreation. Walking, cycling, athletics, football (the famous Hackney Marshes playing elds), rowing, horse riding and ice-skating are among the many activities that take place. London 2012 and the legacy of sporting facilities this would offer the area, promises to elevate aspects of the Lea Valleys sporting provision to metropolitan signicance.

Stephen Witherford, LDA Design Advisor David Anstey, Lea Valley Regional Park Authority Jim Sneddon, London Thames Gateway Development Corporation

1. The Lea Valley from the M25 to the Thames

28

3

Introduction ELGG Framework Plan (SPG to the London Plan)Regional Parks

Metropolitan Parks

District Parks

Local Parks and Open Spaces

Small Open Spaces

Linear Parks

Private Open Space

Deficiency in Public Open Space +

Strategic Corridors

Strategic Links

Barriers to pedestrian access

Strategic Projects

Regional Park Opportunities

The map above illustrates the strategic framework plan for the East London Green Grid draft SPG to the London Plan. The composite drawing illustrates open space typologies, open space deficiency and primary transport corridors. It identifies strategic opportunities and projects for the Green Grid area.

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IntroductionOn behalf of a broad partnership of agencies the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone published the ELGG Primer and Draft SPG to the London Plan (Nov 2006). These documents established a forward strategy to integrate the delivery of the ELGG into existing and proposed development.

Policy: development of more supportive policy at strategic and local levels. Governance: development of enhanced project governance structures. Area Frameworks: Development of the ELGG Vision at the landscape scale. Strategic Projects: definition of a first phase of strategic project delivery.

This Plan reports on progress made over the last twelve months and summarises proposals made in the six accompanying Area Frameworks.

Strategic Aims Central Governments Greening the Gateway strategy promotes the role of green infrastructure in securing sustainable economic and social regeneration. The emerging Thames Gateway Parklands initiative takes this further. Both anticipate extremely high standards in the design and implementation of new developments and the need for a continuous and linked network of varied landscapes within and between built-up areas. The ELGG will support the delivery of these aspirations in East London through improvements to existing open spaces, new strategic open space projects and as an integral part of new development. The ELGG aims to: Support Strong, Healthy and Prosperous

Communities Reduce Environmental Risks Shape and Support Growth, Image and Identity.

Objectives To achieve the strategic aims and ensure that investment yields multiple benefits a set of project objectives have been established: Increasing Access to Open Space Increasing Access to Nature Managing Flood Risks Making Sustainable Connections Enhancing the Visitor Offer of East London Enhancing Local Distinctiveness Promoting Healthy Living.

Associated target outputs have been identified to develop a performance assessment rationale for individual ELGG projects.

+

+

Residential development (GLA draft housing strategy, 2007)

Existing Industrial sites (GLA industrial land baseline, 2007)

Social Deprivation

Tidal Flood Plain

Fluvial Flood Plain

Open Space

47.

IntroductionOn behalf of a broad partnership of agencies the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone published the ELGG Primer and Draft SPG to the London Plan (Nov 2006). These documents established a forward strategy to integrate the delivery of the ELGG into existing and proposed development.

Policy: development of more supportive policy at strategic and local levels. Governance: development of enhanced project governance structures. Area Frameworks: Development of the ELGG Vision at the landscape scale. Strategic Projects: definition of a first phase of strategic project delivery.

This Plan reports on progress made over the last twelve months and summarises proposals made in the six accompanying Area Frameworks.

Strategic Aims Central Governments Greening the Gateway strategy promotes the role of green infrastructure in securing sustainable economic and social regeneration. The emerging Thames Gateway Parklands initiative takes this further. Both anticipate extremely high standards in the design and implementation of new developments and the need for a continuous and linked network of varied landscapes within and between built-up areas. The ELGG will support the delivery of these aspirations in East London through improvements to existing open spaces, new strategic open space projects and as an integral part of new development. The ELGG aims to: Support Strong, Healthy and Prosperous

Communities Reduce Environmental Risks Shape and Support Growth, Image and Identity.

Objectives To achieve the strategic aims and ensure that investment yields multiple benefits a set of project objectives have been established: Increasing Access to Open Space Increasing Access to Nature Managing Flood Risks Making Sustainable Connections Enhancing the Visitor Offer of East London Enhancing Local Distinctiveness Promoting Healthy Living.

Associated target outputs have been identified to develop a performance assessment rationale for individual ELGG projects.

+

+

Residential development (GLA draft housing strategy, 2007)

Existing Industrial sites (GLA industrial land baseline, 2007)

Social Deprivation

Tidal Flood Plain

Fluvial Flood Plain

Open Space

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48.

A Green Infrastructure forEast London As policy makers try to strike a balance between development targets and environmental quality, the idea of green infrastructure has emerged nationwide to support sustainable communities, tackle climate change and enhance our open spaces and natural landscapes. Central Governments (DCLG and DEFRA) Greening the Gateway strategy promotes the role of green infrastructure in securing sustainable economic and social regeneration. Emerging ideas for a Thames Estuary Parklands develop this further. Both anticipate extremely high standards in the design and implementation of new developments and the need for a continuous and linked network of varied landscapes within and between built-up areas. This green infrastructure would be delivered through improvements to existing open spaces, new strategic open space projects and as an integral part of new development. The East London Green Grid (ELGG) is the agreed delivery mechanism for Greening the Gateway in London. Similar Green Grids initiatives exist in Kent Thameside and South Essex. The ELGG advances large-scale thinking and integrated action to plan, develop and manage our natural landscapes, open spaces and strategic parks. It looks at the landscape in relation to the many uses it can serve, for nature and people, in order to address environmental challenges and improve quality of life. It promotes the concept of multi-functionality to ensure that any investment in strategic open space will yield multiple benets these benets are outlined in this document.

Accelerating the Delivery of the Green Grid In 2003 the London Development Agency on behalf of the Mayor and partner organisations commissioned consultants to undertake baseline research and form key recommendations.

A Report of Consultant Studies was issued in August 2005. Since then, the GLA Architecture and Urbanism Unit (AUU) and the GLA London Plan Team in partnership with the east London Boroughs, TGLP, Natural England, the Environment Agency and The London Thames Gateway Delivery Vehicles have formed a Project Board and Working Group. This invigorated governance structure has endorsed a forward strategy to accelerate the delivery of the East London Green Grid. Together these Groups have been facilitating the development of The Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG) to the London Plan, supporting the work of six area groups across east London, developing associated area based projects frameworks and pushing forward a series of Green Infrastructure projects. The Project Board, Working Group and the six area groups are now working together to prepare an ELGG delivery plan. The six area groups reect both the natural and political geographies of east London. They are led by existing green space management organisations, east London Boroughs, and the London Thames Gateway Delivery Vehicles. Support, direction and some funding is provided by the GLA AUU, the LDA, and by LDA Design Advisors. Working in partnership with the strategic agencies these groups are dening local green infrastructure objectives and developing projects to deliver them. Each Area Group has adopted the concept of green infrastructure to ensure environmental assets and cultural values are integrated with land development, growth management and built infrastructure planning at the earliest stage. Each is preparing an area framework composed of a series of projects to be delivered in the short, medium and long term.

PrimerWe have called this document the East London Green Grid Primer; a term used to describe a small book containing basic facts about a subject. It is issued alongside the forthcoming ELGG Supplementary Planning Guidance to the London Plan and in advance of the more detailed ELGG Delivery Plan, to communicate to a wider audience the basic concepts and wider benets of multi-functional strategic open space. Together these documents, will support all those involved in the delivery of a green infrastructure for east London.

Forward Strategy The Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone has made a commitment to promote the ELGG concept and accelerate its delivery. The Mayor, the Project Board and Working Group have established the following as a forward strategy:

1. Develop a supportive policy framework at strategic and local levels, to deliver Green Infrastructure through the development planning process. Support to establish and safeguard the ELGG is outlined in the Further Alterations to the London Plan (FALP) and associated ELGG SPG.

2. Work with existing national agencies and local structures to promote integrated working, including the development of six Areas Groups.

3. Support the development of six Area Projects Frameworks.

4. Develop an East London Green Grid Delivery Plan to dene and assist the delivery of strategic open space projects including land acquisition.

Greater London

Thames Gateway

Introduction

9

The East London Green Grid and adjacent green infrastructure initiatives

8

The East London Green Grid is the agreed delivery mechanism for central governments Greening The Gateway Programme in London, emerging ideas for a Thames Estuary Parklands develop this relationship further.

49.

A Green Infrastructure forEast London As policy makers try to strike a balance between development targets and environmental quality, the idea of green infrastructure has emerged nationwide to support sustainable communities, tackle climate change and enhance our open spaces and natural landscapes. Central Governments (DCLG and DEFRA) Greening the Gateway strategy promotes the role of green infrastructure in securing sustainable economic and social regeneration. Emerging ideas for a Thames Estuary Parklands develop this further. Both anticipate extremely high standards in the design and implementation of new developments and the need for a continuous and linked network of varied landscapes within and between built-up areas. This green infrastructure would be delivered through improvements to existing open spaces, new strategic open space projects and as an integral part of new development. The East London Green Grid (ELGG) is the agreed delivery mechanism for Greening the Gateway in London. Similar Green Grids initiatives exist in Kent Thameside and South Essex. The ELGG advances large-scale thinking and integrated action to plan, develop and manage our natural landscapes, open spaces and strategic parks. It looks at the landscape in relation to the many uses it can serve, for nature and people, in order to address environmental challenges and improve quality of life. It promotes the concept of multi-functionality to ensure that any investment in strategic open space will yield multiple benets these benets are outlined in this document.

Accelerating the Delivery of the Green Grid In 2003 the London Development Agency on behalf of the Mayor and partner organisations commissioned consultants to undertake baseline research and form key recommendations.

A Report of Consultant Studies was issued in August 2005. Since then, the GLA Architecture and Urbanism Unit (AUU) and the GLA London Plan Team in partnership with the east London Boroughs, TGLP, Natural England, the Environment Agency and The London Thames Gateway Delivery Vehicles have formed a Project Board and Working Group. This invigorated governance structure has endorsed a forward strategy to accelerate the delivery of the East London Green Grid. Together these Groups have been facilitating the development of The Supplementary Planning Guidance (SPG) to the London Plan, supporting the work of six area groups across east London, developing associated area based projects frameworks and pushing forward a series of Green Infrastructure projects. The Project Board, Working Group and the six area groups are now working together to prepare an ELGG delivery plan. The six area groups reect both the natural and political geographies of east London. They are led by existing green space management organisations, east London Boroughs, and the London Thames Gateway Delivery Vehicles. Support, direction and some funding is provided by the GLA AUU, the LDA, and by LDA Design Advisors. Working in partnership with the strategic agencies these groups are dening local green infrastructure objectives and developing projects to deliver them. Each Area Group has adopted the concept of green infrastructure to ensure environmental assets and cultural values are integrated with land development, growth management and built infrastructure planning at the earliest stage. Each is preparing an area framework composed of a series of projects to be delivered in the short, medium and long term.

PrimerWe have called this document the East London Green Grid Primer; a term used to describe a small book containing basic facts about a subject. It is issued alongside the forthcoming ELGG Supplementary Planning Guidance to the London Plan and in advance of the more detailed ELGG Delivery Plan, to communicate to a wider audience the basic concepts and wider benets of multi-functional strategic open space. Together these documents, will support all those involved in the delivery of a green infrastructure for east London.

Forward Strategy The Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone has made a commitment to promote the ELGG concept and accelerate its delivery. The Mayor, the Project Board and Working Group have established the following as a forward strategy:

1. Develop a supportive policy framework at strategic and local levels, to deliver Green Infrastructure through the development planning process. Support to establish and safeguard the ELGG is outlined in the Further Alterations to the London Plan (FALP) and associated ELGG SPG.

2. Work with existing national agencies and local structures to promote integrated working, including the development of six Areas Groups.

3. Support the development of six Area Projects Frameworks.

4. Develop an East London Green Grid Delivery Plan to dene and assist the delivery of strategic open space projects including land acquisition.

Greater London

Thames Gateway

Introduction

9

The East London Green Grid and adjacent green infrastructure initiatives

8

The East London Green Grid is the agreed delivery mechanism for central governments Greening The Gateway Programme in London, emerging ideas for a Thames Estuary Parklands develop this relationship further.

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ProjectsOver 300 green infrastructure projects are being prepared for delivery by public agencies or as an integral part of developments. This ELGG project plan incorporates all projects from the six partnership areas. These are organised into 50 thematic and geographic clusters to link and coordinate the different delivery partners efforts. The character of these clusters, and the nature of the projects are described in the six ELGG Area Frameworks.

Partners have defined a first phase of over 100 projects to be pushed forward over the next 3-5 years. These projects establish a green infrastructure network for east London anchored in the London Thames Gateway by the Big 3 (Lea River Park, Cross River Park, London Marshes) and a series of strategic walks. An interactive map and details of phase one projects are available on the Design for London website. This will become an updatable resource for all involved in the delivery of green infrastructure across east London.

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Gap Analysis The projects included in this Area Framework have been identified as capable of contributing toward the delivery of the Area Objectives and strategic opportunities. However, in some instances, new aspirational projects or extensions of current projects are recommended to better ensure that the Area Opportunities are achieved and that the recreational green spine of the Lea Valley is strengthened and made accessible to neighbouring communities. These recommendations are detailed in the Gap Analysis opposite and following: new projects to ensure connectivity and continuity

between project groupings around the Lea Valley Road Bridge and Salmons Brook would enhance the contribution of these existing initiatives towards the Area Objectives

new active uses and visitor amenities within and around Walthamstow Reservoirs would be key in strengthening a central portion of the recreational green spine or the Lea Valley

new projects forming improved connections into Haringey and Hackney would build on existing fragmented initiatives and provide strong accessible links into the Lea Valley landscape from areas of multiple deprivation that are also currently deficient in their access to nature.

Forward Strategy Gap Analysis

Identified projects

Strategic gaps in area projects

Strategic gaps in links

Project recommendations

Recommendations for active uses

Projects to improve Access to Nature

46

Gap Analysis The projects included in this Area Framework have been identified as capable of contributing toward the delivery of the Area Objectives and strategic opportunities. However, in some instances, new aspirational projects or extensions of current projects are recommended to better ensure that the Area Opportunities are achieved and that the recreational green spine of the Lea Valley is strengthened and made accessible to neighbouring communities. These recommendations are detailed in the Gap Analysis opposite and following: new projects to ensure connectivity and continuity

between project groupings around the Lea Valley Road Bridge and Salmons Brook would enhance the contribution of these existing initiatives towards the Area Objectives

new active uses and visitor amenities within and around Walthamstow Reservoirs would be key in strengthening a central portion of the recreational green spine or the Lea Valley

new projects forming improved connections into Haringey and Hackney would build on existing fragmented initiatives and provide strong accessible links into the Lea Valley landscape from areas of multiple deprivation that are also currently deficient in their access to nature.

Forward Strategy Gap Analysis

Identified projects

Strategic gaps in area projects

Strategic gaps in links

Project recommendations

Recommendations for active uses

Projects to improve Access to Nature

57.

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