Upload
maria-eduarda-lins
View
24
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Reported Speech
Uso
• O Reported Speech serve para deixar as frases de um narrador na terceira pessoa. Por exemplo:
• Discurso direto: Carlos disse: “Amanhã viajarei para São Paulo”.• Discurso indireto (reported speech): Carlos disse que viajaria amanhã para São Paulo.
Em inglês...
• Direct speech: Carlos said: “Tomorrow I’ll travel to São Paulo”.
• Reported speech: Carlos said that he would travel to São Paulo.
• That (o que) pode ser ocultado.
• Para relatar uma frase que foi dita por alguém no passado, usamos um verbo introdutório.
• Note que os tempos verbais mudaram para o passado.
Say x Tell
• São os verbos mais comuns que introduzem o discurso indireto (reporting verbs / verbos introdutórios).
• He told her he was feeling sick.• He said he had been under pressure.• He said he was hungry.
• Se você disser com quem está falando, use tell.Megan told Karina that she studied hard.
• Caso contrário, use say.Megan said she studied hard.
• Se você quiser mencionar com quem está falando e estiver usando o verbo say, deverá acrescentar to.
• He said to Ana...• He said to me...• He said to them...• He said to the boss...
• Ao relatar o que alguém disse, no discurso indireto, há também mudanças em outros componentes da sentença, tais como o tempo verbal, o advérbio e, às vezes, o pronome.
Veja as mudanças mais frequentes:
• She said: “I live in San Francisco”. • She said that she lived in San Francisco.
• He said: “She works with me”. • He said that she worked with him.
Simple Present – Simple Past
• She said: “I moved here in September.• She said that she had moved there in
September.
Simple Past – Past Perfect
• She said: “I’m living in the dorms”.• She said that she was living in the dorms.
• He said: “She is working with me”.• He said that she was working with him.
Present Continuous – Past Continuous
• She said: “I’ve just started school”.• She said that she had just started school.
Present Perfect – Past Perfect
• She said: “I’ve been feeling homesick”.• She said that she had been feeling homesick.
Present Perfect Continuous – Past Perfect Continuous
• She said: “I’ll stay here for about four weeks”.• She said that she would stay there for about
four weeks.
Simple Future - Conditional
Modal Verbs
• She said: “I may be able to graduate in three and a half years”.
• She said that she might be able to graduatein three and a half years.
• She said: “I have to try and do my best always.• She said that she had to try and do her best
always.
• She said: “I must call home as often as I can”.• She said that she had to call home as often as
she could.
• She said: “I can dance this song”.• She said that she could dance that song.
• She said: “I ought to take some extra-curricular courses”.
• She said that she ought to take some extra-curricular courses.
• She said: “I should purchase a second-hand computer”.
• She said that she should purchase a second-hand computer.
Importante ressaltar...• Se o verbo introdutório do que está sendo relatado estiver no
presente, no futuro simples, ou no presente perfeito não há mudanças no tempo verbal do discurso indireto.
• He says: “I love you”.• He says that he loves you.
• She will say: “I talk to her every day”.• She will say that she talks to her every day.
• He has said: “She is my friend”.• He has said that she is his friend.
Situações em que a mudança do tempo verbal é opcional
• Quando relatamos algo que acabou de ser dito.
• Mary: I’m freaking out!• Carl: What did you say?• Mary: I said that I’m freaking out!
(I said that I was freaking out!)
• Quando relatamos algo que ainda é verdadeiro.
• The manager said the paycheck is in the mail.• The manager said the paycheck was in the
mail.
• Quando relatamos uma verdade universal ou lei científica.
• Teacher told his students that the water boils at 100° Celsius.
• Teacher told his students that water boiled at 100° Celsius.
Atenção para modificações...
• Se na frase houver as palavras this / that / these / those, e tiverem sendo usados como pronomes, devem ser substituídos por it ou them:
• - Joe said: “I built that”. (Joe disse: “Eu construí aquilo”.)
• - Joe said that he had buit it.
• Outras palavras ou expressões também devem ser alteradas para que a frase fique correta:
here therethis afternoon that afternoonnext day the next daylast day the day before, the following dayago beforetoday that day
Exemplos...
• - Mary said: “I will stay here, waiting for you”.
• - Mary said that she would stay there, waiting for him.
• OBS.: Nesse exemplo, podemos trocar ou não o you por him. Caso o ouvinte da frase seja a pessoa a qual Mary esperou, continua you.
• Pronomes Pessoais, Pronomes Objetivos, Pronomes e Adjetivos Possessivos devem ser trocados de acordo com o contexto da frase:
• "I will call my father", said Angela. • Angela said she would call her father.
Reported Commands
Affirmative commands
• Father: “Do your homework.”
• Father told me to do my homework.
Negative commands
• Teacher. “Don't talk to your neighbour.”
• The teacher told me not to talk to my neighbour.
Se a ordem ou pedido for para não fazer algo, observe que anegativa é feita colocando-se not antes do infinitivo.
Should, could, must, might e would
• Não mudam de forma.
• She said: “I could go”.• She said that she could go.
• She told Mike: “You should go to the doctor”.• She told Mike that he should go to the doctor.
Reported questions
• Quando se relata uma pergunta, coloca-se a frase na forma afirmativa fazendo as devidas alterações.
• Geralmente, o verbo que introduz o reported speech é ask.
Yes / No - questions
• Peter: “Do you play football?”• Peter asked me if/weather I played football.
• Lisa asked: “Has the school bus come yet?”• Lisa asked him if/weather the school bus had
come.
WH - questions
• Peter: "When do you play football?" • Peter asked me when I played football.
• Lisa: “What do you see?”• Lisa asked me what I saw.
Reporting Verbs
• Existem outros verbos além de say e tell para introduzir o discurso indireto.
• I explained (to John) that it was OK.
• He reminded me that I had na appointment at three.
• He said: “Let’s take her to the party?”• He suggested that we shoud take her to the party.
Vamos treinar um pouco?
Que tal passarmos do discurso direto para o indireto?
• He said: “I go to the Lisa’s party tomorrow”.
• She said: “I can sing Brazil’s songs”.
• He said: “I must be honest to Carl”.
• Tina said: “I live in London”.
• He told me: “I work with Lisa”.
• She told Ana: “I love my pets”.
• He told you: “I fixed my bike”.
• She told her mom: “I don’t want to go to school”.
• She said: “I’m reading this book”.
• He told me: “I’ve made this for you”.
• I said: “I’ll travel to California”.
• Tony told her: “I’ve been playing guitar”.
• Don’t do this!
• Do exercise every day!
• Go to the gym.
• Pay attention!
• She asked: “Do you want cheese for breakfast?”
• He asked me: “Why do you talk too loud?”
• I asked you: “What do you learn?”
• She said: “I have to go out of here”.
• He said: “I must cut the grass”.
• She said: “I have to run”.
• He said: “I shoud call your mother”.
Bons estudos!