REPUBULIKA Y’ U RWANDAsmartfms.minecofin.gov.rw/images/MINECOFIN_ Final Report... · 2018-06-01 · repubulika y’ u rwanda minisiteri y’imari n’igenamigambi (minecofin) gusobanukirwa

REPUBULIKA Y’ U RWANDA

(MINECOFIN)MINISITERI Y’IMARI N’IGENAMIGAMBI

GUSOBANUKIRWA AMATEKA YA JENOSIDE YO MU 1994 YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU ZAHOZE ARI MINISITERI

EBYIRI NO MU BIGO BYARI BIZISHAMIKIYEHO: MINISITERI Y’IMARI NA MINISITERI Y’IGENAMIGAMBI

Mutarama 2018

REPUBULIKA Y’ U RWANDA

MINISITERI Y’IMARI N’IGENAMIGAMBI

(MINECOFIN)

GUSOBANUKIRWA AMATEKA YA JENOSIDE YO MU 1994 YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU ZAHOZE ARI MINISITERI EBYIRI NO MU BIGO BYARI BIZISHAMIKIYEHO: MIN-ISITERI Y’IMARI NA MINISITERI Y’IGENAMIGAMBI

Mutarama 2018

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“Turashaka ko ubuzima bwabo bwazahora bwibukwa mu binyejana n’ibinyejana bizakurikiraho kugira ngo abazadukurikira bamenye kandi basobanukirwe neza ibyabaye”

Minisitiri, Claver Gatete, 2015

Uburenganzira ku nyandiko © 2018 ni ubwa MINECOFIN

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Ijambo ry’ibanze

Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi (MINECOFIN), ifatanije na Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kur-wanya Jenoside, yishimiye kuba hari ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Aba-tutsi mu zahoze ari Minisiteri ebyiri z’u Rwanda: Ministeri y’Igenamigambi na Minisiteri

y’Imari.

Mbere na mbere, ndashimira Leta y’u Rwanda kuba yaremeje ubushakashatsi bwabanje kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri rusange aribwo bwabaye ishingiro mu miterere y’ubundi bushakashatsi bukwiye kuba bukorwa bwibanda cyane cyane ku hantu habaga udushami duto cyangwa inzego zabayeho mu Rwanda mbere y’ikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ibi bizatanga umusingi ukomeye mu kumenya ukuri ku byabaye muri Jenoside yo mu 1994 yako-rewe Abatutsi. Uwo musingi ufatwa nk’ibanze ku bwiyunge no kubaka amahoro birambye.

Ni ingenzi cyane kuvuga ko gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa Jenoside yo mu

1994 yakorewe Abatutsi mu zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri bidatandukanye n’ibyabayeho mu

bindi bice by’igihugu. Turamagana byimazeyo ubwicanyi bwakozwe kandi twizeza gukora

ibyo dushoboye byose kugira ngo ayo mahano yakozwe atazongera kubaho ukundi mu

Rwanda. Kimwe n’izindi Jenoside zabayeho mu isi, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yasigiye iha-

hamuka, ibikomere n’ihungabana abarokotse n’ababakomokoho benshi muri izo minisiteri

zavuzwe.

Nyamara kandi, MINECOFIN n’imiryango y’abazize Jenoside hamwe n’Abanyarwanda muri

rusange bagomba kuvana isomo ku ivangura ryo mu gihe cyahise hagamijwe kubaka igihugu

mu buryo burambye. Ni muri uru rwego abakozi ba MINECOFIN kimwe n’abandi banyar-

wanda bagomba gushyira imbaraga zabo mu kongera kubaka igihugu binyuze mu kugira

uruhare rwa buri wese mu gushimangira amahoro, ubumwe n’ubwumvikane hagati

y’abanyarwanda.

Twifuza ko ubu bushakashatsi bukangura abasomyi b’iyi ubushakashatsi, abagabo n’abagore

kimwe n’abafatanya bikorwa b’ u Rwanda mu iterambere bagakorana umwete kandi bya hafi

hagamijwe gukumira icyatuma amahano nkayo yongera kuba mu Rwanda cyangwa ahandi

kw’isi.

Minisitiri, Claver Gatete

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Iriburiro

Mbere ya byose, turashimira byimazeyo Leta y’u Rwanda binyuze muri Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside(CNLG) kuba yarafashe iya mbere mu guteza imbere ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside (CNLG) yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Turashimira abantu bose bagize uruhare muri iki gikorwa. Iyo hataba ubwitange busesuye

n’ibitekerezo byabo, ubu bushakashatsi ntibwari kugera ku ntego yabwo.

Turashimira kandi byimazeyo abakozi batandukanye ba Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi

cyane cyane abo bose barohereje igikorwa cyo gukusanya amakuru muri ubu bushakashatsi.

Iyo hatabaho ubushake bwabo no gutanga igihe cyabo, ubu bushakashatsi ntibwari kugera ku

ntego zari zigenderewe.

Turashimira tubikuye ku mutima itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bagize uruhare mu ikorwa ry’iyi

raporo by’umwihariko Prof. Rutayisire Paul na Musafiri Elly. Mu gusoza, turashimira byima-

zeyo ingeri zitandukanye z’abaturage bagize uruhare rutagereranywa cyane cyane abo bose

bemeye gutanga amakuru y’ingenzi kugira ngo iyi raporo ikorwe.

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Amagambo ahinnye

ADF Ikigega Nyafurika Cy’Iterambere

AIDS Ibimenyetso byerekana kugabanuka kw’abasirikare barinda umubiri

AVEGA Ishyirahamwe Agahozo ry’Abapfakazi ba Jenoside

BBL Banki Lamberi y’I Buruseri

BNP Banki Nasiyonali y’i Paris

BNR Banki Nkuru y’ u Rwanda

BUNEP Ibiro Bikururu bishinzwe kwiga imishinga

CCM Ikigo gishinzwe gukemura Amakimbirane

CDR Ishyaka ry’Impuza mugambi rishinzwe kurinda Repubulika

CNLG

CADTM

Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya Jenoside

Itsinda rishinzwe ivanwaho ry’umwenda utemewe

EDPRS Inyandiko ku Iterambere ry’Ubukungu no Kurwanya Ubukene

FAR Ingabo z’ u Rwanda

FRW Amafaranga

GLR Akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari

HIV Agakoko gatera Sida

HRW Umuryango w’Uburenganzira bwa muntu

ICTR Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda

IDA Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Ushinzwe Iterambere

IMF Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari

Lt.

Lt. Col.

Liyetona

Liyetona Koloneri

MDR Ishyaka Riharanira Impindura matwara ya Repubulika

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MIFOTRA Minisiteri y’Abakozi ba Leta n’Umurimo

MINALOC Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu

MINECOFIN Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi

MRND Ishyaka riharanira Impinduramatwara mu Iterambere

Mr. Nyakubahwa

NIC Itorero ry’Igihugu

NISR Ikigo cy’Ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda

NUR Kaminuza Nkuru y’U Rwanda

NURC Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge

PARMEHUTU Ishyaka Rihanira iterambere ry’Abahutu

PDC Ishyaka rihanira Demokarasi ya Rubanda

PFM Imicungire y’imari ya Leta

PINAS Gahunda y’Igihugu ishinzwe imibereho myiza

PL Ishyaka ry’Ukwishyira Ukizana

PRSP Inyandiko ya Gahunda yo Kurwanya Ubukene

PSD Ishyaka riharanira Demokarasi y’Abaturage

PTSD Ihahamuka n’umujagararo uterwa n’ihahamuka

RANU

RDRC

Ihuriro rigamije Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda

Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe gusezerera no gusubiza Abasirikari mu buzima busanzwe

RPA

RPF

Ingabo z’inkotanyi

Ishyaka ryaharaniye Kubohora Igihugu

RRA Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imisoro n’Amahoro

RTLM

SAP

Radiyo yigenga y’imisozi igihumbi

Gahunda zishinzwe kuvugurura inzego

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UBP Ishyirahamwe ry’amabanki yigenga

UN Umuryango w’Ababimbye

UNAMIR Ingabo z’umuryango w’abibumbye zoherejwe mu butumwa mu Rwanda

UNDP Ishami ry’abibumbye rishinzwe iterambere

USD Amafaranga y’amadolari y’Amarika

WB Banki y’Isi

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Ubutumwa bwihariye

Ku bantu bose bazize Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi,

Ku barokotse bose, turabizeza ko bitazongera kubaho ukundi

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IBIRIMO

Iriburiro ................................................................................................................................... iii

Amagambo ahinnye ................................................................................................................. iv

Ubutumwa bwihariye ............................................................................................................. vii

Urutonde rw’Imbonerahamwe ............................................................................................. xiv

Urutonde rw’imibare ............................................................................................................. xv

IGICE CYA MBERE: INTERURO RUSANGE ................................................................... 1

1.1. Intangiriro .......................................................................................................................... 1

1.2. Imiterere y’Ikibazo gikwiye gusubizwa n’ubushakashatsi ............................................ 3

1.3. Ibibazo ku Bushakashatsi ................................................................................................. 4

1.4. Intego z’Ubushakashatsi ................................................................................................... 4

1.5. Icyo ubushakashatsi bwibandaho .................................................................................... 5

1.6. Impamvu z’ubu Bushakashashatsi .................................................................................. 6

1.7. Imbibi z’ubushakashatsi ................................................................................................... 7

1.8. Imiterere ya Raporo .......................................................................................................... 7

IGICE CYA KABIRI: IMITERERE Y’UBUSHAKASHATSI N’ UBURYO BUTANDUKNYE BWAKORESHEJWE ............................................................................. 8

2. 1. Igicumbi cy’Ubushakashatsi ............................................................................................ 8

2. 2. Imiterere y’Ubushakashatsi n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe ................................................ 8

2.3. Inkomoko y’amakuru n’ibikoresho byakoreshjwe mu gukusanya amakuru ........... 9

2.4. Abaturage barebwa n’ubushakashatsi n’imiterere y’ababazwa ................................ 10

2.5. Uburyo bwo gushyiraho urugero ................................................................................... 12

2.6. Ibyiciro by’ababajijwe/Abasubije .................................................................................. 12

2.7. Isesengura ry’amakuru no kuyasobanura .................................................................... 13

2.8. Ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku Bunyangamugayo ....................................................... 15

IGICE CYA GATATU: INSHAMAKE KU BITABO BIVUGA KU MATEKA YA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU RWANDA .................................................. 16

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3.1. Repubulika ya Mbere: 1962-1973 .................................................................................. 16

3.2. Rwanda: Mu Gihe cya Repubulika ya Kabili (1973-1994) ......................................... 18

3.3. Ingaruka za Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi ................................................. 22

3.4. U Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside: Guhindura igihe cyahise cyaranzwe n’amacakubiri .................................................................................................................................................. 23

IGICE CYA KANE: AMATEKA YA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU 1994 MU ZAHOZE ARI MINISITERI Y’IMARI NA MINISITERI Y’IGENAMIGAMBI .. 25

4.1. Imitere y’izahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari (MINIFIN), Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi ( MINIPLAN ) n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 .................................................................................................................................... 25

4.1.1. Icyicaro cy’izahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri n’ibigo byazo byari bizishamikiyeho ........... 25

4.1.1.1. Icyicaro cy’izahoze ari minisiteri ............................................................................... 25

4.1.1.2. Icyicaro cy’ibyahoze ari bigo bizishamikiyeho ........................................................... 25

4.1.2. Inkomoko ya MINECOFIN n’inshingano zayo ............................................................. 25

4.1.3. Imiterere n’imicungire y’izahoze ari minisiteri .............................................................. 28

4.1.3.1. Minisiteri y’Imari (MINIFIN) ................................................................................. 28

4.1.3.1.1. Umushinga ushinzwe kuvugurura imisoro na za gasutamo ..................................... 31

4.1.3.1.2. Umushinga ushinzwe kuvugurura Ibigo bya Leta n’ibigo byigenga ........................ 31

4.1.3.2. Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi (MINIPLAN) ............................................................... 31

4.1.3.2.1. Ibiro by’Igihugu bishinzwe kwiga imishinga (BUNEP) .......................................... 32

4.1.3.2.2. Gahunda y’Igihugu ishinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage (PINAS) ..................... 34

4.1.4. Abakozi ba MINIFIN na MINIPLAN mbere ya tariki ya 1 Ukwakira, 1990 ............... 34

4.1.5. Abakozi ba MINIFIN na MINIPLAN hagati yo kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1990 kugeza tariki ya 7 Mata 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 37

4.2. Imibanire hagati y’amoko mu zahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi no mu bigo byari bizishamikiyeho mbere yo kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1990 39

4.2.1. Umwuka mu kazi guhera ku ya 26 Ukwakira 1961 kugeza ku ya 4 Nyakanga 1973 – Intangiriro nyayo yo kwangwa no kuvangurwa abari abakozi b’Abatutsi bahuye nabyo ..... 39

4.2.2. Umwuka mu kazi guhera ku ya 5 Nyakanga 1973 kugeza Ukwakira , 1, 1990 .......... 42

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4.2.3. Ibikorwa by’urugomo byibasiye abakozi b’Abatutsi mbere ya Tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 .......................................................................................................................................... 43

4.3. Imibereho y’Abakozi b’Abatutsi mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu( 1990-1994) ................................................................................................................ 44

4.3.1. Imibanire mu bakozi ba Minisiteri hagati y’itariki ya 1 Ukwakira kugeza tariki 6 Mata 1994 .......................................................................................................................................... 44

4.3.2. Ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo byakorewe Abatutsi muri Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu ............................................ 47

4.3.3. Igihe cy’ubwicanyi :amazina y’inzirakarengane n’ababikoze n’impamvu z’ubwicanyi .................................................................................................................................................. 50

4.4. Ikoreshwa ry’umutungo wa Leta mu kugura intwaro zo kwica abaturage .............. 52

4.4.1. Uruhare rwa Minisiteri y’Imari, Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi na Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu mu kunyereza amafanga .......................................................................................................... 53

4.4.2. Uburyo bw’imyishyuranire no gutumiza ibikoresho bya gisirikari ................................ 54

4.4.3. Gufatira no kugabanya imishahara y’abakozi ba Leta .................................................. 55

Nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, abakozi ba Leta baragabanutse mu 1992 kandi imishahara yabo ikomeza kugaragara ku ngego y’imari ya Leta. Nk’uko Chossydovsky na Galand bavuga “ Leta yasabwe kugabanya imishahara y’abakozi ”. Uwari Minisitiri w’Igenamigambi yagiriye Leta inama yo kwirukana abakozi bamwe, abatari ngombwa mu nzego zose za Leta n’imishinga kugira ngo Leta ishobore kuzigama miliyare z’amafaranga yo kwishyura ibikorwa bya gisirikari no gutoza umutwe w’Interahamwe . Uwari umukozi muri minisiteri y’abakozi yemeje ko : “[…guhera 1992 kugeza 1994, MINIFIN yategetse kugabanya abakozi kandi imishahara yabo yakomeje kugaragara mu ngengo y’imari kandi impamvu yari gukoresha amafaranga yafatiriwe mu gutoza imitwe y’interahamwe”. ......................... 55

4.4.4. Ingaruka ku gukoreshwa ry’amafaranga ya Leta mu kugura intwaro zo kwica abaturage ................................................................................................................................... 56

4.5. Izahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Ingabo mu bikorwa byo gutumiza ahanze ibikoresho bya gisirikari ........................................................................................... 57

4.5.1. Ubugambanyi bwakozwe n’iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’imari n’Ibigo Mpuzamahanga by’Imari n’ Abaterankunga bakomoka mu burengarazuba bw’isi mu gutanga intwaro ku butegetsi bwakoze Jenoside ...................................................................................................... 61

4.5.2. Iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari mu bikorwa binyuranije n’amategeko/ bitemewe byo kwaka inguzanyo hagamijwe kugura intwaro zo gukora Jenoside ........................................ 62

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4.5.3. Iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Ingabo mu gukorana na banki zo mu bufaransa na za ambasade zari iz’u Rwanda mu mafaranga atemewe ................................. 64

4.5.3.1. Kwakira intwaro: inzira intwaro zanyuragamo n’ababigizemo uruhare .................... 67

4.5.3.2. Ubujura bw’amafanga y’ingoboka .............................................................................. 69

4.6. Ubugambanyi bwakozwe na Leta ya Habyarimana hamwe na Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi ................................................................................................... 70

4.6.1. Ababaye Abaminisitiri ba MINIFIN guhera Ukwakira 26, 1960 kugeza Nyakanga 14 , 1994 .......................................................................................................................................... 71

4.6.1.1. Cyimana Gaspard (Ukwakira 26, 1960 – Kamena 12, 1968) ..................................... 71

4.6.1.2. Nzanana Fidèle (Kamena 12, 1968 – Gashyantare 21, 1972) ..................................... 73

4.6.1.3. Majoro Ntibitura Bonaventure (Nyakanga 5, 1973 – Kanama 1, 1973) ..................... 73

4.6.1.4. Nduhungirehe Jean-Chrysostome (Kanama 1, 1973 – Kamena 11, 1975) .................. 74

4.6.1.5. Ntirugirimbabazi Denys (Kamena 11, 1975 – Werugwe 29, 1981) ............................ 75

4.6.1.6. Hategikimana Jean-Damascene (Werugwe 29, 1981 – Mata 4, 1987) ........................ 76

4.6.1.7. Ruhamanya Vincent (Mata 9, 1987 - Mutarama 15, 1989) ......................................... 78

4.6.1.8. Ntigurirwa Bénoit (Mutarama 15, 1989 – Ukuboza 31, 1991) .................................... 79

4.6.1.9. Ruhigira Enoch (Ukuboza 31, 1991 – Mata 16, 1992) ................................................ 80

4.6.1.10. Rugenera Marc (Mata 16, 1992 – Mata 9, 1994) ...................................................... 82

4.6.1.11. Ndindabahizi Emmanuel (Mata 9, 1994 kugeza Nyakanga hagati 1994) ................. 85

4.6.2. Abaminisitri ba MINIPLAN guhera 1962-1994 ............................................................ 88

4.6.2.1. Habameshi Callixte (Gicurasi 18, 1962 – Gashyantare 6, 1963) ................................ 88

4.6.2.2. Bagaragaza Thaddée (Gashyantare 16, 1963 – Nyakanga 27, 1968) .......................... 89

4.6.2.3. Hitayezu Emmanuel (Nyakanga 27, 1968 – Nyakanya 4, 1973) ................................ 90

4.6.2.4. Major Nsekalije Aloys (Nyakanga 5, 1973 – Kanama 1, 1974) .................................. 90

4.6.2.5. Mbonyumutwa Jean-Marie-Vianney (Kanama 1, 1973 – Kamena 11, 1975) ............ 91

4.6.2.6. Nduhungirehe Jean-Chrysostome (Kamena 11, 1975 – Mutarama 8, 1979) .............. 91

4.6.2.7. Mulindangabo Ambroise (Mutarama 8, 1979 –Mutarama 15, 1989) .......................... 91

4.6.2.8. Nzabonimana Callixte (Mutarama15, 1989 –Nyakanga 9, 1990) ............................... 92

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4.6.2.9. Ngirabatware Augustin (Nyakanga 9, 1990 - Mutarama 5, 1994) .............................. 94

4.6.2.10. Ntagerura André (Muratama 5, 1994 – Mata 9, 1994) .............................................. 96

4.6.2.11. Ngirabatware Augustin (Mata 9, 1994 kugeza hagati muri Nyakanga1994) ............ 97

4.6.3. Abahoze ari Abayobozi Bakuru ba BUNEP ................................................................... 98

4.6.3.1. Hategekimana Jean-Damascene .................................................................................. 98

4.6.3.2. Nduhungirehe Jean-Chrysostome ................................................................................ 99

4.6.3.3. Barinda Jean-Bosco ................................................................................................... 100

4.6.3.4. Ruzindana Augustin .................................................................................................. 100

4.6.3.5. Mbaguta Jean-Marie-Vianney ................................................................................... 100

4.7. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi (Mata 7, 1994 kugeza hagati muri Nyakanga 1994) ........................................................................................................... 101

4.7.1. Uburyo, igihe n’ahantu Abatutsi bagombaga kwicirwa? ............................................. 101

4.7.2. Abahamwe n’abatarahamwe n’ibyaha by’ubwicanyi muri Jenoside yakorkorewe abatutsi muzahoze ari minisiteri zombi .................................................................................. 101

Imbonerahamwe ya 8: Abahamwe n’abatarahamwe ibyaha b’abicanyi bakoze Jenoside muzahoze ari minisiteri zombi ............................................................................................... 102

4.7.3. Abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu zahoze ari minisiteri zirimo gukrawaho ubushakashatsi ........................................................................................................................ 102

4.7.3.1. Inzirakarengane zazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi zo muri MINIFIN ................. 103

4.7.3.2. Abatutsi bazize Jenoside bakoraga muri MINIPLAN .............................................. 138

4.7.3.2.1. Abazize Jenoside bakoraga mu mushinga BUNEP .............................................. 151

4.7.3.2.2. Inzirakarengane za Jenoside zo mu mushinga wa PINAS .................................... 151

4.7.4. Izindi nzirakarengane za Minisiteri zishwe igihe cya Jenoside ................................ 152

4.7.5. Ahantu abakozi b’Abatutsi biciwe ............................................................................... 152

4.7.6. Intwaro zakoreshejwe mu kwica abakozi b’Abatutsi ................................................. 152

4.7.6.1. Intwaro zisanzwe n’Intwaro gakondo ....................................................................... 152

4.7.6.2. Gufata abagore ku ngufu nk’intwaro: Uburyo butavuzwe bwakoreshejwe na Leta . 153

4.7.7. Inama zateguraga Jenoside yakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi ba Minisiteri ................... 154

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4.8. Ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi byakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi mu zahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi mu gihe cya Jenoside yo mu 1994 ................... 155

4.9. Ibikorwa bigamije gusibanganya ibimenyetso muri Jenoside ................................ 156

4.10. Imibanire hagati y’abaturage nyuma ya Jenoside .................................................. 158

4.10.1. Kwibuka Jenoside muri MINECOFIN ....................................................................... 159

4.10.2. Gushyigikira abazize Jenoside .................................................................................... 161

4.10.2.1. Ubufasha ku muryango - Imararungu .................................................................... 161

4.10.2.2. Ubufasha ku bavandimwe b’abahoze ari abakozi b’Abatutsi ................................ 162

4.11.3. Kurwanya ingengabiterezo ya Jenoside no kuyihakana ........................................... 162

4.12. Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abarokotse hamwe cyangwa abafitanye isano n’abishwe ................................................................................................................................................ 164

IGICE CYA GATANU: AMASOMO YABONETSE MU BUSHAKASHATSI , INSHAMAKE Y’IBYAVUYE MU BUSHAKASHATSI , UMWANZURO N’IBYIFUZO ........................................................................................................................ 168

5.1. Amasomo yabonetsemo ................................................................................................ 168

5.2. Incamake y’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ..................................................................... 171

5.3. Umwanzuro .................................................................................................................... 174

5.4. Ibyifuzo ........................................................................................................................... 174

5.4.1. Kuri MINECOFIN ........................................................................................................ 175

5.4.2. Kuri Minisiteri y’Ubuzima (MINISANTE) ................................................................. 176

5.4.3. Kuri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera (MINIJUST) ................................................................. 176

IBITABO N’INYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWE MU GUKORA UBU BUSHAKASHATSTI ........................................................................................................... 177

IMIGEREKA ........................................................................................................................ 179

Umugeraka wa I: Uburyo bwo gukora ibiganiro ................................................................. 179

Umugereka wa 2: Bamwe mu bari abakozi ba MINIFIN kuva tariki ya1 Ukwakira 1990 kugeza tariki 6 Mata 1994 ..................................................................................................... 184

Umugereka wa 3: Bamwe mu bakozi bari aba MINIPLAN kuva tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 kugeza tariki 6 Mata 1994 ............................................................................................. 189

xiv

Umuregereka wa 4: Bamwe mu bari abakozi w’umushinga BUNEP kuva tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 kugeza tariki 6 Mata 1994 .......................................................................... 191

Umugereka wa 5: Abatutsi bishwe bakoraga muri MINIFIN ............................................. 192

Umugereka wa 6: Abatutsi bishwe bakoraga muri MINIPLAN .......................................... 196

Umugereka wa 7: Inzirakarengane za Jenoside zakoraga mu mushinga wa BUNEP ............ 197

Umugereka wa 8: Urutonde rw’abishwe bakoraga muri Minisiteri zombi ariko akaba nta myirondoro na mike yashoboye kuboneka ............................................................................ 197

Urutonde rw’Imbonerahamwe

Imbonerahamwe ya 1: Uburyo imbonerahamwe ya Krejcie na Morgan ifasha mu gushyiraho

imiterere y’urugero ............................................................................................................ 11

Imbonehamwe 2: Ibyiciro by’ababajijwe ................................................................................ 13

Imbonerahamwe 3: Ibyiciro by’impunzi ................................................................................. 18

Imbonerahamwe ya 4: Urwego rw’abakozi mbere ya tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 ................. 36

Imbonerahamwe ya 5: Ibigo abakozi bakoragamo hagati yo kuwa 1 Ukwakira kugeza ku

ya 7 Mata 1994 ................................................................................................................. 37

Imbonerahamwe ya 6: Ubwoko bw’intwaro zaguzwe n’iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari .......... 59

Imbonerahamwe ya 7: Ibigo na za banki byagize uruhare mu kugura intwaro za

koreshejwe mu gukora ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ................................................. 60

Imbonerahamwe ya 9: Aho abishwe babarizwaga ............................................................... 150

xv

Urutonde rw’imibare

Ishusho ya1: Imiterere y'iyahoze ari Minisiteri y'Imari ............................................................ 29

Ishusho ya 2: Imiterere y'iyahoze ari Minisiteri y'Igenamigambi ........................................... 32

Ishusho ya 3: Imiterere y'Umushinga BUNEP ....................................................................... 33

Ishusho ya 4: Imiterere y'Umushinga PINAS .......................................................................... 34

1

IGICE CYA MBERE: INTERURO RUSANGE

1.1. Intangiriro

Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda yahitanye abantu barenga miliyoni im-

we mu gihe kiri munsi y’amezi atatu. Ubu bwicanyi ndengakamere bwakozwe mu gihugu cy-

ose nyuma yo gutegurwa no gushyirwa mu bikorwa kuva mu gihe cya Repubulika ya mbere,

kugeza kuri Repubulika ya Kabiri.

Inzirakarengane z’iyo Jenoside zigizwe n’abaturage b’ingeri zose: abana, abakuze, abasaza,

intiti, abanyeshuli, abakozi ba leta n’abandi.1 Prunier na Mugesera bavuga ko gahunda nya-

mukuru ku butegetsi bwakoze Jenoside mu Rwanda kwari ukumaraho Abatutsi bose ku bu-

taka bw’u Rwanda binyuze mu mugambi wateguwe neza hagakoreshwa abicanyi benshi

bishoboka. Mu bakoreshejwe harimo abaturage basanzwe, abayobozi ba politiki n’ab’amadini

hamwe n’inzego z’umutekano n’abandi.2 Uruhare rwa bamwe mu bagize umuryango mpu-

zamahanga bafashije mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi mu

bice bimwe by’igihugu narwo rurafatika.3 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe ku rwego rw’imidugudu

no ku rwego rw’inzego buyobowe na Leta.

Nubwo Genoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda ifite ibintu bitandukanye byihariye bituma

hari ubushakashatsi bwagiye buyikorwaho kugira ngo ukuri ku byabaye kugaragare, ahanini

usanga ubu bushakashatsi bwaragiye bwibanda ku bintu rusange.

Iyi ikaba ariyo mpamvu Inama Nkuru ya 13 y’umushyikirano yabaye kuva kuwa 21 kugera

22 Ukuboza, 2015 yemeje ko hakwiye gukorwa ubushakashatsi bwimbitse kuri Jenoside yo

mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi bukibanda ku bice bito cyane no ku nzego byariho mu

Rwanda mbere ya Jenoside yo muri 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi kugira ngo ukuri kumenyekane

ku byabaye ku nzego zo hasi n’inzego ziciritse.4

2 Prunier, G., Ikibazo cy’ u Rwanda: Amateka yo Jenoside. Kampala: Fountain Publishers, 2001, p. 56 & Mugesera, A., Imibereho y’Abatutsi Kuri Repuburika ya Mbere n’Iya Kabiri. Kigali: CNLG, 2015, p. 5 3 Melvern, L., Umugambi w’Ubwicanyi: Jenoside yo mu Rwanda. New York: Verso, 2006, p. 6. 4 Soma Umwanzuro wa Kabili wo mu Nama Nkuru ya 13 y’Umushyikirano yabaye mu Kuboza Kuva tariki 21-22, 2015.

2

Kumenya ukuri ni ingenzi mu gushimangira ubumwe n’ubwiyunge nyakuri hagati

y’Abanyarwanda. Nyamara kandi ibimenyetso bihari bigaragaza ko abaturage bamwe,

amashyirahamwe, imiryango n’ibigo byatangiye gukora ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside mu bice

bitandukanye by’u Rwanda. Imiryango cyangwa ibigo byakoze ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside

ku rwego rwo hasi harimo umuryango nyafurika uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu (1995-

1998), Umuryango Human Right Watch (1999), IBUKA (1998), CNLG na AVEGA yafashe

iyambere mu gukusanya no kwandika ku buhamya bujyanye na Jenoside. Ikindi kandi

abashakashatsi bikorera nka Yolande Mukagasana (1999, 2004), Philip Gourevitch (1998),

Esther Mujawayo (2006), Umuryango Dukundane Family (2009), Aimable Kubana (2010),

tudasize n’abandi bagize uruhare rufatika muri ubwo buryo nabo nti twabura kubavugaho.

Uruhare inkiko Gacaca zagize mu kugaragaza ukuri kuri Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe

Abatutsi rugaragara nk’uburyo bwo kubungabunga urwibutso rwa Jenoside mu banyarwan-

da.5

Hejuru y’ubuhamya, abahanga benshi n’abashakashatsi bandi nka Kabwete, Kimonyo,

Mironko, Hatzefelt na Melvern bagiye bibanda ku mpamvu nyayo yatumye Jenoside yako-

rewe Abatutsi ibaho hamwe n’uko yakozwe n’ingaruka zayo.

Bamwe muri bo bayigereranya n’izindi Jenoside zabayeho mu mateka ya hafi. Jenoside ni

igikorwa kiremereye, gihuriweho mu buryo bugari kugira ngo ishobore kumvikana bitari ku

rwego runini gusa ahubwo no ku rwego ruciritse no ku rwego ruto bikaba ariryo shingiro

nyamukuru rya Leta y’Ubumwe iriho.

Leta y’u Rwanda igamije guhindura igihugu cyaranzwe n’amacakubiri binyuze mu buryo

busanzwe no kwishakamo ibisubizo bikaba ari byo musingi w’iterambere rirambye no kwigi-

ra.

Bumwe mu buryo buriho bwashyizweho harimo Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya

Jenoside (CNLG), Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge (NURC), Itorero

ry’Igihugu, Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Uburenzanzira bwa Muntu, Gahunda ya Ndumunyarwanda

n’ibindi.

5 Ikigo Gishinzwe Gukemura Amakimbirane, Gusuzuma ibyo Inkiko Gacaca zagezeho mu Rwanda

Kigali: Pallotti Press, 2012.

3

Ubu buryo bwose usanga bukorera ku rwego rusange rw’igihugu cyose, ariko kandi bukana-

jya ku rwego ruciriritse ndetse n’urwo hasi bituma bugira mu gukemura ibibazo by’abaturage,

iby’imiryango n’iby’igihugu muri rusange.

Ni muri uru rwego, Leta y’u Rwanda, ibinyujije muri Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya

Jenoside (CNLG) ishyigikira ibikorwa byandikwa kuri Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Aba-

tutsi kandi ishyigikiye iki gikorwa ku nzego zose.

Ku bw’ibyo, Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi (MINECOFIN) nk’urwego rumwe mu nzego

za Leta yifuje ko hakorwa ubushakashatsi bugaragaza uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

yakozwe mu zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri – Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi

hamwe n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho.

Iki gikorwa kandi kikaba gisubiza icyifuzo cya Leta y’Ubumwe ibinyujije muri CNLG gikan-

gurira ingeri zitandukanye kwandika no gukora hagendewe ku masomo twasigiwe n’amateka

ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.6

Mu by’ukuri, mu mabwiriza yayo yo muri Werugwe, CNLG yasabye abaturage, amadini,

inzego n’ibigo gukora ubushakashatsi bikagaragaza uko Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Aba-

tusi yakozwe mu buryo butandukanye, kimwe n’imbaraga zakoreshejwe mu kwibuka, konge-

ra kubanisha abaturage no kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Ni muri urwo rwego,

ubu bushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi mu zahoze ari min-

isteri ebyiri- Minisiteri y’Imari n’Iyigenamigambi hamwe n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho

bwakozwe.

1.2. Imiterere y’Ikibazo gikwiye gusubizwa n’ubushakashatsi

Ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku mateka y’ u Rwanda no kuri Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe

Abatutsi bwakozwe ku buryo bwa rusange, ni ukuvuga bwibanda ku gihugu cyose nk’uko

kingana kandi giteye7. Akenshi usanga ubushakashatsi bwibanda ku nzego n’uduce twiha-

riye bijyanye n’imitererey’igihugu twariho mbere ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi

butarashyizwemo imbaraga. Nta gushidikanya ko Ubushakashatsi bwibanda ku duce twiha-

6 Umwanzuro wavuye mu Nama y’Umushyikirano muri 2015 ku bijyanye no Kwandika kuri Jeno-side yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi mu ntara zitandukanye n’inzego. 7 Kimonyo, J. P., Rwanda. Jenoside yakorewe abaturage . Paris: Karthala, 2008, p. 34

4

riye bufasha Abanyarwanda kumva birambuye uburyo ubwicanyi bwateguwe kandi

bushyirwa mu bikorwa, ndetse bikazagira uruhare mu gutanga umusingi wo komora ibiko-

mere bya Genoside, kugaragaza ukuri ku byabaye, gutanga ubutabera no kugera ku bwiyunge

mu buryo burambye.

1.3. Ibibazo ku Bushakashatsi

Ubu bushakashatsi bugeregaza gusubiza ibibazo bikurikira byerekeye ubumenyi ny-

urabwenge:

1. Byari byifashe bite mu gihe cyo gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yo mu

1994 yakorewe Abatutsi mu zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri – Minisiteri y’Imari na Minis-

titeri y’Igenamigambi hamwe n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho?

2. Mbese Jenoside yari yarateguwe mu zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri mu buryo bweruye

cyangwa buteruye ugereranije n’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yariho mu gihugu?

3. Haroreshejwe ubuhe bwoko bw’intwaro mu kwica Abatutsi mu zahoze ari minisiteri

ebyiri zirebwa n’ubu bushakashatsi: Minisiteri y’Imari na Ministeri y’Igenamigambi

hamwe n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho?

4. Ni bande bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi?

5. Ni gute imiterere n’imikorere iriho ubu muri MINECOFIN igira uruhare ku buzima

bw’abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994?

6. Ni gute umuryango rusange wa MINECOFIN ufatanya mu guteza imbere gahunda na

politiki z’igihugu z’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge?

1.4. Intego z’Ubushakashatsi

Intego nyamukuru y’ubu bushakashatsi ni ukwandika ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Aba-

tutsi mu 1994 mu zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri – Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri

y’Igenamigambi hamwe n’ibigo byari bishamikiye kuri izo minisiteri. Intego zihariye z’izi

ziurikira:

5

! Kubungabunga amakuru n’amateka ku bakozi bakoraga mu zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri:

Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi hamwe n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho

bazize Genoside yakorewe Abatutsi;

! Gusigasira agaciro kwibuka Genoside yakorewe abatutsi bifite ku gihugu cyacu;

! Gusesengura no gusobanukirwa buryo Jenoside 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi yo mu

yateguwe igashyirwa mu bikorwa mu zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri: Minisiteri y’Imari na

Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi hamwe n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho;

! Gushimangira imibanire y’abaturage mu banyarwanda no mu bakozi ba MINECOFN;

! Kugira uruhare mu gusubiza icyubahiro abarokotse bo muri MINECOFIN no hanze yayo

! Kugira uruhare mu bumwe, ubwiyunge no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubaka amahoro mu

bakozi ba MINECOFIN no mu bandi banyarwanda.

1.5. Icyo ubushakashatsi bwibandaho

Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenambi iriho ubu (MINECOFIN) yagiye ihabwa amazina atandukanye

bijyanye n’inshingano zayo kuva igihe cy’ubwigenge mu 1962 kugeza uyu munsi. Mu gihe

cya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi hariho minisiteri ebyiri- Minisiteri y’Imari na

Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi zari zifite amashami atandukanye mu gihugu hose.

Mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari, hariho amashami nk’Ishami rishinzwe Imisoro, Ishami

rishinzwe za Gasutamo, Ishami rishinzwe Konti za Leta n’Ishami Rikuru rishinzwe Ubugen-

zuzi bw’Imari ya Leta.

Ku byerekeye iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi, yakoraga serivisi z’ibaruramibare mu

gihugu hose ku rwego rwa perefegitura. Iyo yahoze ari minisiteri y’igenamigambi yarifite

ikigo kimwe gusa cyitwaga IBiro by’Igihugu bishinzwe kwiga imishinga ( BUNEP). Ibyo

biro byakoreraga ku rwego rw’igihugu kandi byari bifite icyicaro mu Kiyovu.

Ubu bushakashashatsi bugarukira ku bihe runaka ubwo izo minisiteri zirebwa

n’ubushakashatsi zariho. Ni muri urwo rwego, ubushakashatsi buvugwa buhera 1962 kugeza

1994 kandi bureba igihe cyose cya mbere ya Jenoside kugeza uyu munsi. Nyamara ubusha-

kashatsi buribanda ku bihe by’amateka byihariye byaranzwe n’ubwicanyi bukabije mu gihugu

bwibasiye abakozi ba Batusti bakoraga muri izo minisiteri. Ibyo bihe bigizwe na 1962-1964,

1972-1973. Ibihe bya 1990- 1994 nabyo bibarirwamo kugira ngo amatsinda y’abaturage ya-

riho ashingiye ku bwoko yitwaga Abahutu n’Abatutsi mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida

Gregoire Kayibanda na Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana.

6

Mu gusoza, ikigamijwe mu gusuzuma inyandiko ni ukureba inkomoko y’amateka ya Jeno-

side mu Rwanda , ni ukuvuga mbere y’ubutegetsi bw’abakoroni, igihe cy’abakoroni na

nyuma y’ubwigenge. Muri make, inyandiko ku kuri kuvugwa ni ugusana, kwibuka, ubumwe

n’ubwiyunge mu Rwanda bigasuzumwa hagamijwe kureba aho guhindura amateka ash-

ingiye ku macakuburi y’igihe cyahise ugereranije n’u Rwanda rw’igihe cyahise.

1.6. Impamvu z’ubu Bushakashashatsi

Ubu bushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatusi mu zahoze ari minisiteri

ebyiri – Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi hamwe n’ibigo byari

bizishamikiyeho bufatwa ko ari ngenzi kubera ko bwibanda ku miterere yihariye bwako-

reweho ugereranije n’imiterere rusange y’ubushakashatsi bwabubanjirije. Ku bw’ibyo, ubu

bushakashatsi ntibugamije gusa gushaka kugira uruhare mu kuziba icyuho cyagaragaye mu

bushakashatsi ahubwo bugamije kubungabunga kwibuka ku rwego rw’igihugu muri rusange

mu kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatusi no gushimangira umuco w’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge

muri MINECOFIN.

Ku rwego rwa politiki, ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bizifashishwa n’abafata ibyemezo

n’abafatanya bikorwa mu nzira yo kurwanya ingengabiterezo ya Jenoside no kuyihakana

hamwe no kubaka amahoro arambye nyuma ya Jenoside yo mu Rwanda.

Nubwo muri rusange ubu ubushakashatsi butagendereye ahanini gutanga umuti wafasha

gukumira Genoside, burafasha gutanga umurongo wo gukusanya no kunoza ibyo Abanyar-

wanda bagezeho ndetse n’ingamba bihaye zigamije kwibuka no kwigira ku masomo Aban-

yarwanda basigiwe na Genoside kugira ngo habeho ubufatanye mu kurwanya ibibazo

byatewe n’amateka ashingiye ku macakubiri mu Rwanda.

7

1.7. Imbibi z’ubushakashatsi

N’ubwo MINECOFIN binyuze kuri MIFOTRA yatanze uburenganzira ku bashakashatsi bwo

kureba no gusoma amadosiye y’abakozi mu ishami rishinzwe abakozi , habaye ikibazo ku

kubona no gushaka amadosiye amwe n’amwe uretse ko hari umuntu umwe gusa wamenye

inomero zihariye z’abahoze ari abakozi. Impamvu ni uko amadosiye muri iyo minisiteri yari

abinswe hagendewe uko abantu bahawe akazi mu nzego za leta aho kugendera ku buryo yak-

agomye kubikwa mu zahoze ari inzego za Leta. Ku by’ibyo ntibyashokaga kumenya neza

umubare w’abakozi mu zahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi hamwe

n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho. Ku bw’ibyo MIFOTRA irimo kwandukura amakuru yose mu

buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga mu ishami rishinzwe abakozi uhereye 1962 , kandi amadosiye

yabonwe n’abashakashatsi yamaze kwandikwa mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga cyane ko uru-

tonde rwazize Jenoside ruhari. Mu gushakisha izina kuri interineti, byarorohaga kubona

dosiye y’umuntu wamaze kwandikwa muri ubwo buryo.

Ikindi kandi, hariho abishwe 11 mu 106 kumenya imyirondoro yabo uburyo n’uko bishwe

naho biciwe bitashoboka kuboneka. Ikindi kandi amadosiye amwe mu ishami rishinzwe

abakozi ku bakozi bamwe bataboneka muri MIFOTRA kubera impamvu twavuze haruguru.

Byagaragaye ko bamwe mu bahoze ari abakozi muri izo minisiteri ebyiri nta kintu kigaragaza

ko bishwe. Kandi hagaragaye ko inzirakarengane 15 nta kigaragaza ko zishwe naho ziciwe

byanditswe mu madosiye yabo mu ishami rishinzwe abakozi muri MIFOTRA nyamara kandi

amwe mu madosiye nta makuru afite cyangwa afite amakuru make.

1.8. Imiterere ya Raporo

Raporo y’ubushakashatsi igizwe ni bice bine. Igice cya mbere kivuga ku ntangiriro rusange,

kigizwe n’intangiriro , icyuho mu bushakashatsi, intego z’ubushakashatsi, ibibazo

by’ubushakashatsi, icyo ubushakashatsi bugamije, aho ubushakashatsi bugarukira, impamvu

y’ubushakashatsi n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu bushakashatsi. Igice cya kabiri gisobanura

inchamake y’amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kuva igihe cy’abakoroni ukageza kuri

Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatusi. Mu gice cya gatatu havugwa kandi hagasobanurwa ib-

yavuye mu bushakashatsi mu gihe igice cya kane gitanga incamake y’ibyavuye ubusha-

kashatsi , imyanzura n’ibyifuzo.

8

IGICE CYA KABIRI: IMITERERE Y’UBUSHAKASHATSI N’ UBURYO BU-TANDUKNYE BWAKORESHEJWE

Hakoreshejwe uburyo bwimbitse bw’ubushakashatsi bugendeye ku buryo bunoze bwifash-

ishwa mu ikusanya ry’amakuru n’isesengura ryayo. Aka gace kagaragaza uburyo ubusha-

kashatsi bwakozwemo, itegurwa n’inzira ubushakashatsi bwakozwemo hamwe n’ahantu

n’ibikoresho byo gukusanya amakuru. Abaturage ubushakashatsi bureba n’ingero

z’ubushakashatsi bigizwe n’uburyo bw’igereranya n’ibyiciro by’abantu byagize uruhare

mu bushakashatsi/abasubije ibibazo nabo baranditswe. Nyuma yo gukusanya amakuru

habayeho kuyasuzuma, arasobanurwa kandi ibirebana n’ubunyangamugayo byitaweho bi-

habwa umwanya ubikwiriye.

2. 1. Igicumbi cy’Ubushakashatsi

Ubu bushakashatsi bwubakiye ku gicumbi gihuriyemo ibyavuye mu kwerekana no gusesen-

gura imiterere, imyifatire n’ indangagaciro y’abakozi bakoraga mu zahoze ari minisiteri- Min-

isiteri y’Imari na Ministiteri y’Igenamigambi. Bugamije kandi kumvikanisha ukuri n’uburyo

abakozi muri izi minisiteri bishwe na bagenzi babo.

Icyo ubu bushakashatsi bwibanzeho ni ukugaragaza ibyari ibitekerezo bijyanye n’amateka,

imibereho y’abaturage na politiki , imibanire n’umuco byaranze ibikorwa muri izo minisit-

eri.

Imiterere y’akazi na politiki byariho nabyo kandi byifashishjwe mu gusobanukirwa uburyo

Genoside yakorewe Abatutsi yateguwe kandi igashyirwa mu bikorwa muri ibi bigo.

Mu gusuzuma ibyaranze amateka y’ibi bigo, abashakashatsi bwakozwe mu buryo bufasha

gutanga ibisobanuro binoze ku kuntu Jenoside yateguwe kandi igashyirwa mu bikorwa muri

izo minisiteri zirimo gukorwaho bushakashatsi.

Ubusesenguzi bwakozwe binyuze mu buryo bwateguwe neza kandi hakoreshejwe ibibazo bi-

datondekanije, hakoreshwa amatsinda mu biganiro n’uburyo bwo gutuma buri wese agira

uruhare mu kugira icyo abaza mu ruhame.

2. 2. Imiterere y’Ubushakashatsi n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe

9

Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku buryo ibibukubiyemo byaturutse ku makuru yahurijwe

hamwe mu ikusanyamakuru no kubaza ingeri z’abantu batandukanye hagendewe ku mibanire

y’abantu n’uburyo bw’imikorere muri ibi bigo hitawe kandi kuri politiki yariho. Kugira ngo

bisobanuke neza, habayeho kwinjira mu mizi y’uburyo Ingengabitekerezo ya Genoside yagiye

icengezwa n’uko yakozwe mu zahoze ari Minisiteri ebyiri.8 Ibi bikaba byarakozwe hasesen-

gurwa isano iri hagati y’imyitwarire yarangaga abacengezamatwara ya Genoside n’ingaruka

byagize ku bakoraga muri izi ministeri ebyiri. Mu gikorwa cyo gukasanya amakuru ku kin-

yejana no gusesengura, hageragejwe kureba isano iri hagati y’impamvu n’ingaruka mu

rwego rwa politiki n’imibanire muri politiki izo minisiteri zombi zakoreragamo. Ari nayo

mpamvu nyamukuru y’ubu bushakashatsi.

Ikindi n’uko imiterere y’ibisobanuro byashingiweho mu kwemeza uko Leta yakoreraga mu

zahoze ari minisiteri zombi n’ahandi mu gihugu. Kandi uko ibintu byari bimeze hiyonger-

eyeho n’uburyo bwo gusobanura uko Jenoside yateguwe kandi igashyirwa mubikorwa.

2.3. Inkomoko y’amakuru n’ibikoresho byakoreshjwe mu gukusanya amakuru

Amakuru yakusanijwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mbere n’uburyo bwa kabiri. Amakuru yo ku

rwego rwa kabiri yakusanijwe hifashishijwe ubushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri Jenoside, inyadi-

ko, itangazamakuru, filime naho amakuru yo ku rwego rwa mbere yabonetse hakoreshejwe

kubaza abaturage, kuvugana n’amatsinda yihariye no kubaza abaturage mu buryo bwiha-

riye. Kubaza abaturage byakozwe hifashishijwe abaturage bafite ubumenyi kugira ngo ama-

kuru ashobore gukusanywa. Mu mibanire y’abaturage, ubu buryo bwitwa kubaza abaturage

hagamijwe kubona ibisubizo binoze kandi bufatwa nk’igikoresho cy’ubushakashatsi

bwizewe kubera ko butanga amahirwe ku babazwa kwisanzura no gutanga amakuru y’ibanga.

Icyiza kiboneka muri ubu buryo ni ukuntu amagambo avugwa cyane cyane icyo agaragaza

kuruta amagambo ubwayo.

Ubu buryo burangwa no gukoresha ibibazo byagutse, bifunguye kandi bukoreshwa habazwa

umuntu umwe umwe mu babazwa kandi urusha abandi ubumenyi.9

8 Gerring, J., Uburyo bw’imibanire y’abaturage: Ingamba ku bibazo by’abaturage . Ikinyamakuru cya Kaminuza ya Cambridge, 2011, pp. 12-14 9 Patton, M., Isuzuma rinoze n’Uburyo bwo Gukora Ubushakashatsi. London: Sage, 1990, p. 59

10

Mu kurangiza, uburyo bwo gusuzuma nabwo bwarakoreshejwe mu gihe cyo gukusanya ama-

kuru aho ibyavuye mu isuzuma byakomeje kwandikwa n’umushakashatsi kugira ngo hatagi-

ra amakuru yose y’ingenzi atakara. Buri muntu wakusanyaga amakuru umunsi ku munsi ya-

koraga ku buryo ibyavuyemo byandikwa. Uburyo bw’ingenzi mu kugenzura bugizwe:

n’uburyo bwo kubaza buteguwe, ubudateguwe, uburyo butarimo kuvugana, ibikorwa bish-

ingiye kwitegerezanya ubushishozi, kugirana ibiganiro n’ubundi buryo bundi bwo kuvugana

n’ababazwa batandukanye mu gihe cyo kwibuka Jenoside byakozwe ku itariki 2, Kamena

2017.

2.4. Abaturage barebwa n’ubushakashatsi n’imiterere y’ababazwa

Abaturage ni igiteranyo cy’ibintu bitandukanye byihariye by’uburyo bwose bukoreshwa muri ubu bushakashatsi .10 Nyamara kandi abaturage bakorwaho ubushakashatsi bagizwe n’abakozi mu zahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi. Abafitanye isano n’abazize Jenoside nabo bagize umubare w’abarebwa n’ubushakashatsi. Urugero ni igice mu bigize umubumbe w’ Abaturage barebwa n’ubushakashatsi rugizwe gusa n’igice cy’ibintu byose bigize Abaturage barebwa n’ubushakashatsi .11

Ni muri urwo rwego, imiterere y’urugero rugizwe n’abarokotse Jenoside, abayikoze, ibibazo

bya kera by’impunzi zatahutse, ibibazo bishya by’impunzi zatahutse n’indorerezi. Mu kugena

imiterere y’urugero muri ubu bushakashatsi, imbonerahamwe ya Krejcie na Morgan yafashije

abashakashatsi kubona uburyo bagomba kugena urugero. Iyi mbonera hamwe igaragaza

uburyo imiterere y’urugero yashyizweho hagendewe ku kigero cy’icyizere n’intera.

10 Myers, J. L., & Well, A. D., Imiterere y’ubushakashatsi n’ Isesengura ku ibarurishamibare. Lon-don: Haper Collins Publishers, p. 4, 1991. 11 Myers & Well., Imiterere y’Ubushakashatsi n’ Isesengura ku Ibarurishamibare p. 23.

11

Imbonerahamwe ya 1: Uburyo imbonerahamwe ya Krejcie na Morgan ifasha mu gushyiraho imiterere y’urugero

Abaturage barebwa

n’ubushakashatsi

Igipimo cy’icyizere =95%

Igipimo cyo kwibeshya (cyangwa intera

y’icyizere)=5%

100 80

500 217

1000 278

10,000 370

100,000 383

500,000 384

1,000,000 384

Aho byakuwe: Krejcie na Morgan (1979)

Mu gukoresha uburyo bw’imbonerahamwe yo haruguru, abazize Jenoside muri Minisiteri

y’Imari n’Igenamigambi y’ubu (MINECOFIN) ni 100, kandi umubare w’abasubije ibibazo

bagize igipimo cy’urugero ni 80. Kuba ubushakashatsi bukora ku bihe bya nyuma ya Jeno-

side, umubare wabasubije ibibazo warazamutse ugera ku 115.

Mu kugena igipimo cy’urugero, igipimo cyo kwibeshya cyangwa intera y’icyizere ni 95%

naho intera y’icyizere ni 0.5%. Byumvikane ko intera y’icyizere n’intera zafashije kumenye-

sha abashakashatsi amakuru mu kugena uburyo bw’imiterere y’urugero no guhuza ibyavuye

mu bushakashatsi n’abaturage bose barebwa n’ubushakashatsi.

12

2.5. Uburyo bwo gushyiraho urugero

Guhuriza hamwe uburyo bwo kugena igipimo cy’urugero rufatika n’urugero rudashingira ku

igereranya byarakoreshejwe mu kugena abasubije ibibazo. Uburyo budashingira ku igereran-

ya bwarakoreshejwe mu kugena ababajijwe, ibibazo bahuye nabyo kandi bakoranye

n’abishwe. Naho ku buryo bushingira ku igereranya bwakoreshejwe mu kumenya abasubije

ibibazo batazwi binyuze mu buryo bwakoreshejwe n’abashakashatsi babajije abaturage bafite

ubumenyi .

Ihame rivugwa hano ryari uko umuntu wa mbere wabajijwe yari azwi kandi uwo muntu ya-

gerageje guha amakuru abashakashatsi mu bandi bantu babajijwe ugereranyije n’amakuru

bari bafite mu bihe by’amateka no mu gihe cy’ubu bushakashatssi.

Gukoresha uburyo bushingira ku igereranya nibwo bwahawe umwanya wa mbere kubera

uburemere bw’amakuru batanze yari ingirakamaro ugereranyije n’umubare wabo. Nyamara

kandi umubare ugaragara w’abaturage babajijwe bafite ubumenyi barabajijwe kugira ngo ha-

tangwe amakuru ya ngombwa kubijyanye n’uko Jenoside yateguwe kandi igashyirwa mu bi-

korwa mu zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri- Minisiteri y’Imari na Ministiteri y’Igenamigambi

n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho.

2.6. Ibyiciro by’ababajijwe/Abasubije

Ibijyanye n’imibanire hamwe n’imibare y’abaturage nabyo byitaweho mu kumenya ababa-

jijwe. Urugero rwifashishijwe rurafatika kandi rufasha ibi byiciro. Ni muri urwo rwego mu

gukoresha uburyo budashingira ku igereranya n’uburyo bushingira ku igereranya mu kugena

ababazwa ibibazo hagendewe ku by’iciro byagenwe mbere nk’imyaka, igitsina, icyiciro

cy’amashuri, kuba umuntu yarashatse.

Ibyiciro bikurikira byongerewemo: abarokotse Jenoside, abahoze ari abakozi batari bibasiwe,

umubare muto w’abahoze ari inyangamugayo z’inkiko gacaca n’abakozi b’ubu ba MINECO-

FIN.

Iyi mbonera hamwe igaragaza umubare w’ababajijwe bagize uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi:

13

Imbone hamwe 2: Ibyiciro by’ababajijwe

Icyiciro cy’ababajijwe Iyahoze ari MiMinis-teri y’Imari

Iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi

Abahoze ari abakozi bakoraga mu nzego za Leta

7 5

Abatari abakozi 8 5

Abahoze ari abakozi bakoraga mu miryango itegamiye kuri Leta

2 1

Abari abakozi bakoraga mu bigo byigenga

4 3

Abafitanye isano n’abazize Jeno-side

56 32

Abakozi bakora ubu muri MINECOFIN

13

Igiteranyo gito 90 46

Igiteranyo cyose 136

Aho byavuye: Amakuru y’ibanze, 2017

Imbonerahamwe yo haruguru igaragaza ibyiciro by’ababajijwe bagize uruhare muri ubu

bushakashatsi.

Ibigaragaza ibyagendeweho harimo ibikurikira by’ingenzi: urubyiruko, abagabo, abagore,

abize amashuri make, abayobozi, abahagarariye Leta n’abahagarariye urwego rw’abikorera

nabyo byitaweho.

Ababajijwe bo mu cyaro no mu mijyi nabo bari mu batanze amakuru. Ibindi by’iciro byatan-

ze amakuru harimo abahoze ari inyangamugayo b’inkiko gacaca n’abahagarariye IBUKA.

N’ubwo mu gihe cyo gutangira ubu bushakashatsi, ibyiciro bimwe bitashyizwemo nyuma

abashakashatsi basanze ko nabo bagomba kubazwa mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.

2.7. Isesengura ry’amakuru no kuyasobanura

Amakuru y’ibanze yavuye mu ibazwa n’ibyavuye mu makuru byarasesenguwe hashingiwe

ku bisubizo byatanzwe na buri muntu wese wabajijwe. Byasabye ko habaho uburyo bwo

kwandika amakuru yavuye mu byiciro bitandukanye. Mu by’ukuri isesengura ry’amakuru

14

avuye mu ibazwa n’ibyavuye mu makuru byasabye ubuhanga bwihariye mu gushyiraho

amakuru y’ibanze avuye mu gucishiriza, ibyiciro bisobanutse no kubisuzuma mu buryo

bwagutse no kubona uburyo bwo guhana hana amakuru mu kuyasobanurira abandi

abashakashatsi.

Amakuru y’ibanze yasabye isesengura mbarankuru n’uburyo bwo kwandika birambuye. Kuba

byari bishingiye ku buryo butunganye mu miterere yabwo, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ikore-

shwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rihanitse mu gusesengura amakuru.

Nyuma yo gusesengura amakuru yakusanijwe, yasesenguwe mu bice byumvikana hashingi-

we ku bisubizo byatanzwe b’ababajijwe. Ibi byakorwaga ako kanya cyane cyane nyuma yo

kwandika amakuru avuye mu ibazwa hamwe no kureba niba ibibazo byaranditswe, kwirinda

kwibagirwa n’amakosa.

Ibi nibyo Vos yita “ gukorana amakuru, kuyatunganya, kuyacamo ibice bifatika, kuyakorera

incamake, gutahura icy’ingenzi no kureba isomo rivuyemo.”12

Ibi nibyo bita kugaragaza ibibazo, kwandika iby’ingenzi, kwandika bike byafatiwe aho bya-

korewe, kubona ibitekerezo ku byavuyemo , gukoresha amagambo, kumanika ibyavuye mu

makuru, gukoresha amagambo y’ibanga, guhina amakuru, kubara inshuro hakoreshejwe

amagambo y’ibanga, guhuza iby’iciro n’uburyo bw’isesengura mu magambo no kungera

gukora ubushakashatsi mu buryo bwayo bwihariye.

Gusesengura amakuru ya kabiri byakozwe hakoreshejwe gusuzuma amakuru atandukanye yo

mu bitabo ku mateka ya Jenoside no kuyahuza n’amakuru y’ibanze. Mu gihe cyose ikibazo

kikiri kwigwaho gishyirwa mu bihe by’amateka, kandi kigashyirwa mu bihe by’imibanire

n’amateka bigasaba ubusesenguzi burambuye ku buryo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

yakozwemo mu zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri. Icyo gihe kandi kirebana n’isano y’imibanire

hamwe n’igihe iyo mibanire yakozwe, byumvikane ko iyo sano y’imibanire hagati

y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi bari abakozi muri izo minisiteri yasuzumwe mu buryo bwagutse

binyuze mu bihe bitandukanye byaranze amateka ya Jenoside yo mu Rwanda.

12 As de Vos, Ubushakashatsi n’imizi y’ibibazo. Igitabo cya 2. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers,

2002, p. 145

15

2.8. Ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku Bunyangamugayo

Ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku Bunyangamugayo nabwo bwitaweho nk’uburyo byo gukora

ubushakashatsi. Mbere y’uko habaho kubaza, uwabazwaga wa mbere yibwiraga ababazwa :

akavuga amazina ye, hagasobanurwa impamvu y’ubushakashatsi, icyo bugamije n’intego

hamwe n’ibindi. Nyuma yo kwivuga, urwandiko rwatanzwe na MINECOFIN rukerekwa

ubazwa ku mpamvu z’ubunyangamugayo kandi hakabaho no kumenyesha ko urubuga rwo

kuvuga ku bushakashatssi rutanzwe.

Ababajijwe bizezwaga ko amakuru yabo azagirwa ibanga nk’uko bisabwa mu bijyanye

n’ibigenderwaho byose n’abahanga mu bushakashatsi. Amahame y’ubunyangamugayo ku

bijyanye n’abuhanga yarubahirijwe. Agizwe na: ubuhanga bwemewe, guhitamo ababazwa

mu buryo bumwe ( umubare ungana w’ibyiciro by’ababazwa) , kugira ibanga, kubanza

kwemerwa ku babazwa bireba ( mu nyandiko cyangwa mu ma magambo), kwirinda guhati-

ra cyangwa kudakoresha uburiganya ku babazwa ku mpamvu izo ari zo zose no kureba ko

uruhare rw’abo bireba ruhamye kugeza ubushakashatsi bugeze ku musozo.

16

IGICE CYA GATATU: INSHAMAKE KU BITABO BIVUGA KU MATEKA YA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU RWANDA

Iki gice kivuga muri rusange ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutisi mu Rwanda, gitangi-rana n’igihe cya nyuma y’ubwigenge. Iki gice ni ingenzi kugira ngo buri wese yumve iby-abereye mu zahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho, buri wese agomba kwiyumvisha mbere ibihe by’amateka byaranze igihugu izo minisiteri zivugwa zakoregamo. Kandi iki gice kigaragaza uburyo bwakoreshwaga muri izi nzego za leta.

3.1. Repubulika ya Mbere: 1962-1973

Repubulika ya mbere mu yandi magambo yitwa “Repubulika y’Abahutu” yari iyobowe na

Perezida Gregoire Kayibanda, wageze ku butegetsi nyuma gato u Rwanda rubonye ubwig-

enge.

Yabaye ku isonga “ry’Abahutu bize” abifashijwemo n’abategetsi b’ababirigi na bamwe mu

bamisiyoneri b’abagatulika, bagize uruhare mu cyiswe Impinduramatawara y’Abahutu

yatangiye mu 1959 kugeza hafi 1962.

Perezida n’abayoboke be bari abarwanashyaka b’ishyaka ryari rizwi nka PARMEHUTU.

Iryo shyaka niryo ryari ku ruhembe “rw’impinduramatwara y’Abahutu” ryishe ibihumbi

n’amagana y’inzirakarengane z’Abatutsi n’abanyapilitiki b’Abahutu batavugaga rumwe na

PARMEHUTU.

Iryo shyaka n’iyo miterere y’ubutegetsi byakomeje kwibasira Abatutsi mu gihe cya Repubu-

lika ya mbere (1962-1973). Abatutsi bateshejwe ubumuntu hakoreshwa kubita inzoka, inyen-

zi n’abanyamahanga bavuye Abisiniya, Etiyopiya .13

Repubulika yari ishingiye ku ngengabitekerezo y’urwango yari igamije kurandura Abatutsi.

Abatutsi bafatwaga nk’abanyamahanga cyangwa abanzi b’igihugu bagomba gukanirwa

urubakwiye – kwicwa.14 Mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa ingengabitekerezo yo kwanga

Abatutsi , bakorewe ubwicanyi mu 1959.

13 Prunier, Ibibazo by’u Rwanda, pp. 16-17. 14 Ibyerekeye inyigisho y’ikinyoma ku nkomoko y’abanyarwanda, Abatutsi basanze bakomoka mu Etiyopiya.

17

Abishwe muri icyo gihe ni bake ugereranyije n’umubare w’abatsembwe mu 1994.15 Aba-

tutsi barokotse mbere na nyuma y’igihe cy’ubwigenge bakomeje gutotezwa, guhozwa no

kwangirwa uburenganzira bwose mu mirimo no muri politiki.

Kandi umubare w’impunzi w’abahungaga igihugu watangiye kwiyongera ubutitsa uko ibihe

bitashye.

Urugero, mu mwaka wa 1964, umubare w’impunzi z’abanyarwanda wageze ku 336,000( re-

ba hasi uko biteye)

15 Bizimana, J. D., Inzira ya Jenoside Yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, Kigali: CNLG, 2014, pp.8-9.

18

Imbonerahamwe ya 3: Ibyiciro by’impunzi

No Igihugu Umubare w’impunzi

1 Burundi 200,000

2 Uganda 78,000

3 Tanzania 36,000

4 Zaire 22,000

Igiteranyo 336,000

Aho byavuye: Prunier, 2001, p. 56

Bizimana avuga ko abasigaye mu Rwanda bangiwe uburenganzira bwo kwiga, ukwishyira

ukizana n’imirimo tuvuze ibyo muri make. Ikindi kandi, abategetsi muri Repubulika ya

mbere yafashe ubutaka bwahoze ari ubw’impunzi zo mu 1959-1961 maze busaranganywa mu

bategetsi b’Abahutu.

Perezida Kayibanda yatekerezaga ko Abahutu n’Abatutsi batagombaga kubana, ikinyuranye

n’ibyo bagombaga kuba muri Republika ebyiri zitandukanye.16 Yageze naho ageza icyifuzo

ku muryango wa LONI no kuri Leta y’Ububiligi kugira ngo hashyirweho igice cy’ubutaka

bw’Abahutu n’igice cy’ubutaka cy’Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Igice cy’ubutaka cy’Abatutsi cyari

kuba kigizwe na Bugesera, Kibungo na Buganza mu gihe ahandi hasigaye hose hari kuba

hatuwe n’Abahutu.17

3.2. Rwanda: Mu Gihe cya Repubulika ya Kabili (1973-1994)

Ku itariki ya 5 Nyakanga, 1973, nibwo Juvenal Habyarimana yahirikaga Perezida Kayibanda

n’ishyaka rye MDR- PARMEHUTU akoresheje kudeta ya gisirikari.

Mu mwaka 1975, ishyaka rishya MRND ryari k’ubutegetsi ryari kw’isonga kuri politiki

z’ivangura zakorerwaga Abatutsi. Ubutegetsi bwakoreshaga itonesha, icyenewabo n’ironda

karere.

16 Bizimana, Inzira ya Jenoside Yakorewe Abatutsi, p. 13. 17 Republic of Rwanda, Unity and Reconciliation Process in Rwanda: 20 Years After the 1994 Genocide Perpetrated against Tutsi. Kigali: NURC, 2014, p. 33.

19

Abakomoka mu majyaruguru bari bafashwe neza n’ubutegetsi bw’icyo gihe. Nibo kandi bari

bafite imyanya bakiganza mu myanya ya Leta harimo igisirikari n’igipolisi.18

Kuva 1986 kugeza 1990, u Rwanda rwanyuze mu bibazo by’ubukungu byashegeshe

ubutegetsi.

Ibi byatewe no kugwa kw’ibiciro by’ikawa n’imicungire mibi y’ubukungu bw’igihugu

byakozwe n’abayobozi bari k’ubutegetsi.

Ihungabana mu by’imari ryatewe no kunyereza, ruswa kutubahiriza uburenganzira bwa

muntu n’ivangura.

Igihugu cyari kiyobowe mu buryo bw’ishyaka rime rukumbi. Ba Perefe naba Burugumesitiri

bashyirwagaho na Perezida wa Republika. Abayobozi b’inzego za segiteri bahyirwagaho na

ba Burugumesitiri. Abaturage ntibagiraga uruhare mu gutora abayobozi. Kandi Igihugu cyari

kiyobowe mu buryo bw’igitugu.19

Kubera politiki z’ivangura no kubangamira uburenganzira bwa kiremwa muntu ku Batutsi,

impunzi z’abanyarwanda bari mu bihugu by’abaturanyi bashyizeho umurongo wa politiki

witwaga Ihuriro Nyarwanda Rigamije Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda (RANU)

Iryo huriro ryaje guhindukamo Ishyaka (RPF) rigamije gucyura impunzi mu rwababyaye

binyuze mu buryo bw’amahoro no kuzana impinduka ishingiye kuri demokarasi mu Rwan-

da. Nyamara kandi ibi ntibyakoze nk’uko byari biteganyijwe nibwo RPF yafangiye inzira yo

gukoresha intwaro. Icyakurikiyeho n’intambara yo kubohora igihugu yatangiye kuwa 1 Uku-

boza 1990.20

Ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwahisemo gukoresha ubwicanyi ku nzirakarengane maze bu-

tangira gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Byabaye nk’imperuka nk’uko ababiteguye

babyise.

Jenoside yigishijwe muri za mitingi, itangazamakuru no mu miryango itegamiye kuri Leta .

Yewe n’umukuru w’igihugu yafashe iya mbere akangurira abaturage kwica Abatutsi. Mu 18 Melvern, L., Umugambi w’Ubwicanyi: TJenoside yo mu Rwanda n’Imuryango mpuzamahanga. New York: Verso Books, 2004, pp. 23-5. 19 Des Forges, Ntusige n’umwe wo kubara inkuru, p. 256 20 Adelmen, H., & Suhrke, A., The Rwanda Crisis from Uganda to Zaire: The Path of a Genocide.

New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2000, p. 34

20

ijambo rye, uwahoze ari Perezida Juvenal Habyalimana, muri kongere ya MRND yo kuwa 28

Mata 1991 yagize ati:

“Ubumwe bw’itsinda ry’ubwoko ntibushoboka hatari Ubumwe bwa rubanda nyam-

winshi. Nk’uko tubivuga nta mu Tutsi wemera akarere akomokamo, ni ngombwa ko

Abahutu rubanda nyamwinshi tugira Ubumwe kugira ngo dushobore guhangana

n’icyashaka kudusubiza mu buretwa.”

Visi Perezida w’ishyaka ryari k’ubutegetsi MRND, Leon Mugesera, mu nama ihuriweho na

CDR –MRND ku Kabaya- Gisenyi kuwa 22, Ugushyingo 1992 yavugiye mu ruhame ati:

“Ku bijyanye n’abo bagambanyi bari kohereza abana babo muri RPF[…]tugomba

gufata ingamba mu biganza byacu […] amakosa yabaye mu 1959 kwabaye kubareka

[Abatutsi] bagahunga […] bakomoka muri Etiyopiya none tugiye kubacisha iy’ubusamo

bagereyo banyuze mu ruzi rwa Nyabarongo . Tugomba gukora. Bose ni ukubagenza

uko”21

Gregoire Staton avuga ko politiki nk’iyi yo gusembura bikozwe n’abayobozi ba politiki zat-

eye abaturage kugaba ibitero ku Batutsi mu gihugu hose bifata intera mu bwicanyi mu bice

bitandukanye by’igihugu.

Atanga ingero zikurikira: mu Kwakira 1990, umutwe w’insoresore z’Abahutu zishe abaturage

b’Abatutsi 300 muri Kibirira n’abandi Batutsi bari hagati ya 500-1000 barishwe muri Muta-

rama 1991. Muri Werugwe 1992, Abatutsi barenga 300 barishwe mu Bugesera n’abandi Ba-

tutsi 70 biciwe mu mujyi wa Kigali kuva 22-26 Gashyantare 1994.22

Ubu bwicanyi bwari indengakamere ugerenanyije n’ubwakozwe mu 1959-1953, 1972-1973.

Ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana bwakajije iyicarubozo, guhohotera n’ubwicanyi byakorewe

Abatutsi n’abandi ba nyapolitiki batavugaga rumwe na Leta mu ntambara yo kubohoza igi-

hugu. Uko kuvutsa uburenganzira bwa muntu byari bishyigikiwe na Leta.

Abaturage basabwaga gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda ya Leta yo gutsemba Abatutsi ku bu-

taka bw’u Rwanda. Kandi abatugare basanzwe bumviraga itegeko mu izina ryo kurengera

“inyungu z’Abahutu” binyuze mu gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo y’Abahutu. Uyu muco wo 21 Melvern, Umugambi w’Ubwicanyi, p. 47. 22 Stanton, G., “ Jenoside yo u Rwanda: Kuki integuza ya mbere ititaweho”, mu Kinyamakuru cy-andika ku Ma kimbirane nyafurika n’ubushakashatsi ku Mahoro , 1:1 (2009), 6-26.

21

kumvira wari ukomeye mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yo mu 1994 yako-

rewe Abatutsi.23

Itangazamakuru ryari umuyoboro wo gushishikariza rubanda kugaba ibitero, ubwicanyi no

gutsemba Abatutsi. Itangazamakuru ryari kw’isonga ryigishije umuco w’ubwicanyi ryit-

waga Radio Televiziyo yigenga y’Imisozi Igihumbi ( RTLM), Radiyo y’Igihugu (Radiyo

Rwanda) na Kangura n’ibindi.24

Uruhare rw’amashyaka ya politiki mu gukangurira abaturage gukora ibikorwa ubwicanyi

byibasira Abatutsi ntirushidikanywaho.

Amashyaka menshi yariyongereye mu buryo bugaragara guhera 1991, abarwanashyaka

benshi bo mu mashyaka bajyagamo hashingiwe ku bwoko. Ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi –

MRND ryigabanijemo havuka ishami ry’intagondwa z’Abahutu (MDR-Pawa, PL –Pawa,

PSD Pawa, n’andi n’uko.) n’imitwe w’insoresore (MNRD- Interahamwe na CRD- Impu-

zamugambi). Nyuma buri shyaka ryari rigizwe n’intagondwa n’aboroheje, kandi intagondwa

zari nyinshi muri ayo masyaka.25

Kuwa 6 Mata 1994, indege itwaye uwahoze ari Perezida Juvenal Habyarimana yavaga Arusha

mu biganiro byo kugarura amahoro yararashwe. Urupfu rwa perezida rwabaye imbarutso mu

gutangiza ku mugaragaro Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Mu masaha yakurikiyeho, abasirikare,

polisi n’abaturage batangiye gufunga imihanda muri Kigali bibasira Abatutsi. Nyuma ub-

wicanyi bwaje gukwira ibindi bice by’igihugu.

Jenoside yakozwe umuryango mpuzamahanga urebera hari n’ingabo zo kugarura amahoro

mu Rwanda (UNAMIR) n’indi miryango mpuzamahanga. N’ubwo habayeho gutabaza

kw’ibihugu bitandukanye bifite ambasade zabo mu Rwanda n’izindi raporo zitabariza Aba-

tutsi, ingabo za LONI zishinzwe kugarura amahoro zaricecekeye ntizagira icyo zikora.26

Igihugu cy’Ubufaransa cyagize uruhare rwihariye haba mu gutegura cyangwa gushyira mu

bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ingabo z’abafaransa ntizatoje iza hoze ari ngabo za

Leta- Ex FAR( ingabo zahoze ari za Leta) ahubwo zatoje umutwe w’interahamwe wishe

23 Adelman, & Suhrke, Ibibazo by’u Rwanda byatangiriye Uganda bikwira, 179 24 Thompson, A., Itangazamakuru na Jenoside yo mu Rwanda, Press, 2007, p. 26 25 Destexhe, Rwanda ana Jenoside, p. 67. 26 Mukamana, D., & Brysiewicz, P., “ Ibyakorewe Abagore barokotse Jenoside mu Rwanda , Mu Kinyamakuru cyandika ku Ishuli ry’ubuvuzi, 40 (4), 2008, 379-384.

22

Abatutsi mu gihugu cyose. Igihugu cy’ubufaransa cyatanze intwaro zakoreshejwe muri

Jenoside. Ibindi bihugu nk’Ubushinwa, Isirayeri, Uburusiya na Misiri byatanze intwaro

n’amasasu kuri Leta yakoze Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.27

Nyuma yo gusinya amasezerano ya Arusha mu 1993 atageze kucyo yari agamije, RPF yasan-

ze igomba kurwanya Leta y’inzibacyuho yarimo kwica Abatutsi. Jenoside yahagaritswe ku

ya 4 Nyakanga 1994 nyuma yo gutsinda ingabo n’imitwe yakoraga Jenoside.

3.3. Ingaruka za Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yashenye igihugu, isiga ishenye umubano n’imibanire

y’umuryango bikomeye. N’ubwo hapfuye abarenga miliyoni imwe y’Abatutsi n’Abahutu ba-

tari intangondwa, igihugu cyahuye n’ikibazo cy’impfubyi, abapfakazi, ubukene n’abagabo

batagira amikoro, abagore n’abana basizwe iheruheru muri rusange batagira ubitaho mu bi-

jyanye n’ubujyanama .28

Inyubako n’ibikorwa remezo ndetse n’imibanire byarasenyutse kandi kongera kubisana

byabaye gutangirira kubusa n’ubwo uko gusana kwiyongereye mu buryo bugaragara.

Abicanyi bakoresheje gufata ku ngufu nk’intwaro yo gutsemba Abatutsi, hamwe n’ingamba

zateguwe zo gutera Abatutsi agakoko gareta SIDA, kandi abarokotse basigaye bibasiwe haba

mu mubiri no mu ntekerezo.29

Nta gushidikanya ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yasize igihombo gikomeye ku bijyanye

n’abakozi haba ku Rwanda ndetse no mu bijyanye n’ihuzwa ry’akarere no ku mugabane w’

Afurika muri rusange. Kandi, isenyuka ry’ibikorwa remezo mu by’ubuzima byatumye igihu-

gu gisigara inyuma imyaka n’ibihe byinshi mu bijyanye n’iterambere.30

Izi ngaruka mbi zizaguma kubaho kandi zizakomeza kumvikana ubu no mu binyejana

by’ahazaza na nyuma y’aho.31

27 Prunier, Ibibazo by’U Rwanda , pp.167-80. 28 Clark, P., “Kongera kubanisha abaturage; Leta Ikomeye n’ikigo cy’igihugu mu nkiko gacaca z’u Rwanda”, ikinyamakuru cyandika ku bushakashatsi muri Afurica y’iburasirazuba, 8:2, (2014): 193-213. 29 Clark, Kongera kubanisha abaturage , op. cit. 30 Clark, Kongera kubanisha abaturage , op. cit. 31 Melvern, umugambi w’ubwicanyi, 80

23

3.4. U Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside: Guhindura igihe cyahise cyaranzwe n’amacakubiri

Kuva Nyakanga 1994 kugeza 1999, Leta y’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yakoreraga mu bihe

bidasanzwe kandi gahunda zo gusana zishyigikiwe n’imiryango ya LONI itandukanye n’indi

miryango itegamiye kuri Leta. Mu guhindura igihe cyahise cyaranzwe n’amacakubiri, Leta

y’u Rwanda yashyizeho inzego z’imiyoborere zishingira ku ruhare rw’abaturage kandi ba-

kazibonamo cyane cyane kubijyanye n’iterambere rihereye ku nzego zo hasi.

Igitekerezo cya Leta cyari uko ubu buryo buganisha ku kubaka amahoro, no kubaka igihugu,

ubumwe n’ubwiyunge. Icyifuzo cyari uko “ imiyoborere myiza no ku rwanya ubukene byari

gufasha ko habaho mu gihe kizaza gukumira ubwicanyi muri rusange”.32

Ni muri urwo rwego kubaka imibanire myiza no kwihutisha ubumwe n’ubwiyunge

by’abanyarwanda mu 1999, Leta yashyizeho Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge

( NURC) kugira ngo ubwiyunge bugerweho binyuze mu nzego za Leta, imiryango itegamiye

kuri Leta n’urwego rw’abikorera. Mu by’ukuri Inyandiko ya Gahunda yo Kurwanya Ubukene

na Gahunda y’Imbaturabukungu mu Iterambere ya I& II (EDPRS I &II) zari zishamikiye ku

bumwe n’ubwiyunge mu bindi bintu by’ingenzi bya Leta.

Ku rundi ruhande, ibitekerezo bigamije kwishakamo ibisubizo byashyizwe ahagaragara. Bya-

tanzwe n’abanyarwanda mu kwikemurira ibibazo byabo by’imibereho n’ubukungu, imi-

bereho na politiki n’imibereho n’umuco bikomoka ku mateka yahise ashingiye ku

macakubiri yabo.

Binyuze muri ibyo bitekerezo, nk’urugero, Leta yongeye gushyiraho gahunda yitwa ubudehe

igamije kubaka imarishingiro y’imibanire igaturuka ku nzego zo hasi . Yashyigikiye abatur-

age mu kugira uruhare mu bitekerezo bigamije iterambere ry’ibanze no kurwanya ubukene

kugeza ku nzego zo hasi z’imiyoborere.Gahunda nk’Itorero33, Ndi Umunyarwanda na

Gacaca byahinduye amateka yo hambere ashingiye ku macakubiri. Izi gahunda zatanze

umusaruro ushimishije.

Mu gukemura amakimbirane, Leta yashyizeho Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Gusezerera no

Gusubiza Abasirikare mu buzima busanzwe( RDRC) igamije guhindura ubuzima bw’abahoze

ari abarwanyi , abahoze ari inyeshyamba n’ingabo za Leta. Icyari kigamijwe kwari kongera 32 Reba Repubulika y’u Rwanda, Icyerekezo y’u Rwanda 2020. Kigali: MINECOFIN, pp. 1-2. 33 See NURC, Itorero ry’igihugu—Policy note and strategic plan: Making national and community service work in Rwanda. Kigali: NURC, May 2009, p. 1

24

kubaka inzego z’imibereho, ubukungu na politiki hagamijwe ahazaza heza kandi harambye

no kuva mu mateka y’igihe cyahise yashenye igihugu.34 Ubu buryo bwo kubasubiza mu

buzima bwazanye impuka mu mibereho y’abanyarwanda n’ubwo bamwe muri bo bagize

uruhare mu kubohora igihugu cyabo abandi bagakora Jenoside!

Leta yashyize imbere kutababarira icyaha cya ruswa, imiyoborere myiza, n’ubuyobozi

bwiza, ubutabera, guteza imbere uburinganire, kuvugurura ibikorwa rusange bya Leta no

gutanga serivisi inoze nk’ibintu by’ingenzi byagezweho n’igihugu.

Ibyinshi muri ibyo bikorwa byanyujijwe muri politiki zose za Leta na gahunda kugira ngo

habeho uruhare rya buri wese mu iterambere. Imikoranire ya hafi hagati ya Leta n’urwego

rw’abikorera , imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta n’abafatanya bikorwa bo muryango mpuzama-

hanga yatewe inkunga mu kugera kw’iterambere rirambye rya hazaza h’igihugu.35

Byongeyeho, bimwe mu bibazo byitaweho mu nzira yo guhindura amateka ya hahise

h’igihugu. Abanditsi nka Phil Clark na Rutembesa bavuga ku Ngengabitekerezo ya Jeno-

side , kuyihakana , gutsimbarara mu kudahinduka n’ubujiji nk’imbogamizi zikomeye bik-

omeje kubangamira guhinduka k’umuryango nyarwanda.36 Kutemera ubwiyunge hakore-

shejwe imbaraga z’ingengabiterezo ya Jenoside byagaragaye mu buryo bumwe

nk’imbogamizi ibangamira kubaka amahoro arambye.37

34 Repubulika y’U Rwanda, Inzira y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge mu Rwanda, pp. 50-70. 35 Ibid., 50-70 36 Clark, P., “Kongera kubanisha abaturage: Imbaraga za Leta n’umuryango nyarwanda mu Nkiko Gacaca mu Rwanda”, Ikinyamakuru gikora ubushakashatsi muri Afurika y’Uburasirazuba , 8:2, (2014): 193-213 & Rutembesa, Genocide muri Komine Mugina , op.cit. 37 Zorbas, E., “Icyo Ubwiyunge bukora nyuma ya Jenoside bisobanuye ” Akarengane kagaragara n’akarengane katagaragara nyuma ya Jenoside yo mu Rwanda ”. Ikinyamakuru gikora ubusha-kashatsi kuri Jenoside, 11:1, (2009): 127-147.

25

IGICE CYA KANE: AMATEKA YA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU 1994 MU ZAHOZE ARI MINISITERI Y’IMARI NA MINISITERI Y’IGENAMIGAMBI

4.1. Imitere y’izahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari (MINIFIN), Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi ( MINIPLAN ) n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994

Aka gace kagaragaza icyicaro cy’ahahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho

aho zari ziherereye, aho zikomoka n’inshingano zazo, imiterere y’imiyoborere yazo

n’imiterere y’abakozi mbere no mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, n’ukuvuga

guhera tariki ya 1 Ukwakira , 1990 kugeza 14 Nyakanga 1994.

4.1.1. Icyicaro cy’izahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri n’ibigo byazo byari bizishamikiyeho

Aka gace kagaragaza ibyicaro by’izo minisiteri ebyiri n’ibigo byari bizishakiyeho .

4.1.1.1. Icyicaro cy’izahoze ari minisiteri

Iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari yakoreraga ku cyicaro cya none MINECOFIN ibarizwaho mu

mujyi wa Kigali hagati aho ibikorwa byinshi by’ubucuruzi by’u Rwanda bikorerwa, iri mu

murenge wa Nyarugenge , Akarere ka Nyarugenge.

Iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi nayo yabarizwaga mu mugi wa Kigali . Yabarizwaga

ku cyicaro cy’inyubako y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR) gikoreramo.

4.1.1.2. Icyicaro cy’ibyahoze ari bigo bizishamikiyeho

MINIFIN yarifite imishinga ibiri ari yo: Umushinga ushinzwe kuvugurura imisoro

n’umushinga ushinzwe kuvugurura ibigo bya Leta. Iyo mishanga yose yakoreraga muri min-

isiteri. MINIPLAN yo yarifite ibigo bibiri biyishamikiyeho byasaga n’aho byigenga mu

miterere aribyo : Ibiro by’Igihugu bishinzwe kwiga imishinga ( BUNEP) na Gahunda

y’Igihugu ishinzwe ibikorwa by’imibereho myiza y’abaturage( PINAS). BUNEP yarifite

icyicaro mu Kiyovu naho PINAS yakoreraga ku cyicaro cya MINIPLAN.

4.1.2. Inkomoko ya MINECOFIN n’inshingano zayo

Minisiteri ya mbere yashyizweho ku wa 26 Ukwakira 1960 kandi igenamigambi ryaba-

rizwaga muri Minisiteri y’Ubukungu. Ku wa 26 Ukwakira 1960, izo minisiteri ebyiri zarahu-

26

jwe zikora Minisiteri y’Imari, Ubukungu n’Igenamigambi. Nyuma yo kubona ubwigenge

mu 1962, Repubulika ya mbere y’u Rwanda iyobowe na Prezida Kayibanda yashyizeho

Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Ubukungu ku wa 26 Ukwakira 1963. Iya kabiri ya-

rishinzwe igenamigambi. Kuwa 18 Gicurasi 1962, iyo minisiteri yagabanijwemo kabiri –

Minisiteri y’Imari n’Ubukungu na Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’amahanga n’Igenamigambi. Kuwa

6 Mutarama, 1964 Minisiteri y’Imari n’Ubukungu yahinduwemo Minisiteri y’Imari

n’Ubucuruzi bwo mu mahanga naho Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Igenamigambi

ihabwa irindi zina yitwa Ministeri y’Igenamigambi n’Ubutwererane Mpuzamahanga.

Ku wa 12 Kanama 1968, Minisiteri y’Imari n’Ubucuruzi bwo mu muhanga yahindye izina

ihinduka Minisiteri y’Imari , Igenamigambi n’Ubutwererane Mpuzamahanga.

Ubwo General Juvenal Habyarimana yafataga ubuutegetsi ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973, iyo min-

isiteri yongeye guhindura izina yitwa Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda. Iyo minisiteri ya-

rishinzwe imari ya Leta. Yari ishinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi, gucunga ibikorwa

by’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro hamwe no guteza imbere inganda .

Mu gihe cyo gushyiraho leta ya mbere iyobowe na Habyarimana kuwa 1 Kanama , 1973,

icyabaye n’uko Minisiteri y’Imari mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda yahinduwe Min-

isiteri y’Imari n’Ubukungu .

Naho Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi n’Ubutwererane Mpuzamahanga, yahawe izina rya Minisit-

eri y’Igenamigambi n’Umutungo Kamere. Kuwa 11 Kamena 1975, Minisiteri

y’Igenamigambi n’Umutungo Kamere yahinduye izina yitwa Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi .

Nyamara , Minisiteri y’Imari n’Ubukungu zagumanye amazina yazo kugeza kuwa 8 Mutara-

ma 1979.

Mbere gato kugeza igihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Ministeri y’Imari yatandukanijwe

na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi.

Inshingano zayo kwari gucunga imari ya Leta, guteza imbere urwego rw’ubukungu,

gukusanya amafaranga aturuka imbere no hanze y’igihugu, n’ibindi.

Kuwa 8 Mutarama 1979, yongeye kwitwa Minisiteri y’Imari.

Kuwa 8 Mutarama 1979, yakomeje kwitwa Minisiteri y’Imari kugeza Jenoside yakorewe

Abatutsi irangira mu 1994.

27

Muri rusange izo nzego zombi zarizishinzwe gucunga imari ya Leta , kwita no kubunga-

bunga urwego rw’ubukungu , gucunga imari ya Leta no gukora igenamigambi ry’igihugu

n’ibindi.

Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambu (MINECOFIN) iriho ubu yashizweho muri Werurwe

1997. Iyi Minisiteri yashyizweho nyuma yo guhuza iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisit-

eri y’Igenamigambi hagamijwe guhuza ibikorwa no gutunganya inshingano zifitanye isano

z’imari n’igenamigambi.

Inshingano za MINECOFIN ni “ukongera umusaruro urambye, amahirwe y’ubukungu

n’ibipimo by’imibereho by’abanyarwanda bose” naho intego yayo ni “ guteza imbere u

Rwnda rukaba igihugu kitarangwamo ubukene”.38 Inshingano za minisiteri n’izi zikurikira:

Kubungabunga urwego rw’ubukungu muri rusange hakabaho gutakara bidakabije

kw’agaciro k’ifaranga, icyuho mu ngengo y’imari kiringaniye no kugira umwenda wa

Leta uringaniye ;

Kwihutisha igenamigambi rishingiye ku bipimo bifatika no gukora ingengo y’imari

ishingiye ku musaruro;

Gukusanya amafaranga y’imbere mu gihugu no hanze y’igihugu (urugero

rw’imisoro, imisanzu y’ubwiteganyirize bw’izabukuru, impano, inguzanyo n’ibindi,

etc.)

Kugera ku bipimo mpuzamahanga bihanitse mu Micungire y’Umutungo wa Leta (

PFM) hagamijwe gukoresha neza umutungo ;

Kuvugurura itangwa rya serivisi za Leta no kuryozwa ibyakozwe binyuze mu buryo

bunoze bwo kwegereza imari n’imisoro inzego z’ibanze ;

Kugira uruhare mu kongera umusaruro w’ubukungu , amahirwe y’umurimo , uburyo

bw’ishoramari, n’ubwiza bw’ishoramari rya Leta;

Kugira uruhare mu kuzamura ibipimo by’imibereho y’abaturage n’iterambere

ry’abantu mu rwego rw’iterambere rirambye;

Guteza imbere mu buryo buhamye kandi bunoze isoko ry’imari n’imigabane rirambye

kandi rigera ku by’iciro by’abaturage bose;

Kugira uruhare mu guteza imbere isoko ry’umurimo ribereye buri wese

hagamijwe guteza imbere abikorera no kwita ku byateza ’ubukungu bw’igihugu.

38 http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/index.php?id=37 – yasuwe ku wa 17 Kanama, 2017.

28

Gukomeza gushyiraho gahunda zo gusoresha zibereye bose kandi zitanga amahirwe

mu ku murimo, kuzigama no gushora Imari mu iterambere ry’iguhugu.

Kugira uruhare mu kwihutisha ihuzwa ry’akarere mu buryo bwimbitse binyuze mu

kwemera impinduka hamwe n’urujya n’uruza rw’ibicuruzwa.39

Izo nshingano zavuzwe haruguru n’ingenzi mu guhindura inzira y’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda.

Mu gihe havugururwaga minisiteri muri Gashyantare 1999, MINECOFIN yafashe inshingano

yo guteza imbere iterambere ry’ubutwererane ivanwa muri Minisiteri y’Ububanyi

n’Amahanga.

Guhuza izi minisiteri zombi byatumye habaho kuvugurura itangwa rya serivisi ariko icya

ngombwa n’uguhuza ibikorwa by’imirimo y’imari n’igenamigambi bifitanye isano.40

4.1.3. Imiterere n’imicungire y’izahoze ari minisiteri

Ako gace kagaragaza imiterere y’izahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho.

4.1.3.1. Minisiteri y’Imari (MINIFIN)

Minisiteri yari iyobowe na Minisitiri, munsi hari Umunyamabanga Mukuru, munsi ye hakaba

Umuyobozi w’Ibiro wari ushinzwe imirimo ya minsi yose mu mashami atandukanye.

Imicungire rusange yari igizwe n’amashami atandukanye, harimo : ishami ry’imisoro, ishami

rishinzwe za Gasutamo, ishami rishinzwe ubugenzuzi bukuru bw’imari, ishami rishinzwe

ubugenzuzi bukuru bw’ingengo y’imari n’ishami rishinzwe ikigega cya Leta.

Ku bijyanye n’imicungire rusange, hari amashami atandukanye yari akuriwe n’abayobozi

b’amashami, hepfo hari amashami mato atandukanye yari akuriwe n’ababozi bayo hamwe

n’abandi bayobozi ba za servisi.

Amashami y’imisoro na za gasutamo yakoreraga ahantu hatandukanye muri Kigali ntabwo

yakoreraga ku cyicaro gikuru cya Minisiteri.

Ishami ry’imisoro ryakoreraga ku Muhima hafi y’iyahoze ari “Icapiro ry’igihugu” naho

ishami rya za gasutamo ryakoreraga Gikondo.

39 Ibid. yasuwe kuwa 17,Kanama , 2017. 40 Ibid. yasuwe kuwa 17 Kanama , 2017.

29

Kandi Minisiteri yarigizwe n’amashami makuru n’amashami byakoreraga mu gihugu cyose

ku rwego rwa perefegitura.

Ayo mashami makuru n’amato ni: Ishami rishinzwe imisoro, ishami rishinzwe za gasutamo,

ishami rishinzwe konti za Leta n’ishami rishinzwe ubugenzuzi bukuru bw’imari.

Minisiteri yari kuriwe na Minisitiri warushinzwe ibikorwa byose akunganirwa

n’Umunyamabanga Mukuru kandi ibikorwa byose bigashyirwa mu bikorwa n’abayobozi

b’amashami mato.

Mu 1992, ibyabaye n’uko imicungire rusange y’amashami byashyizwe byose mu mashami

hagamijwe kuvugurura imikorere myiza y’iyahoze ari minisiteri.

Imiterere ikurikira niyo yari iya minisiteri kuva 1992 kugeza igihe cya Jenoside yo 1994 ya-

korewe Abatutsi:

Ishusho ya 1: Imitere y’iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari

Minisit ir i

Umunyamanga Mukuru

Ishami

ry’Imisoro

Ishami- In-

gengo

y’Imari

Konti za

Leta

Ikigega cya

Leta

Ishami rya

za Gasutamo

Abayobozi

Ishami-Abakozi

Perefegitura Perefegitura

Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ibiro

bya Min isit iri

30


Hagendewe kuri iyo shusho yo haruguru, Minisiteri yari kuriwe na Minisitiri kandi yun-

ganirwaga n’umutekinisiye witwaga Umunyambanga Mukuru. Uyu mukozi yari ashinzwe

gukurikirana ishyirwamubikorwa ry’ibikorwa byose ku rwego rw’igihugu. Icy’ingenzi, Min-

isitiri , Umunyamabanga Mukuru n’abayobozi b’amashami mato bashyirwagaho n’ishyaka

rya politiki MNRD. Ni nako byakorwaga mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi.

Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 , itsinda ry’ababayoboraga ryari rigizwe :

ishami rishinzwe imisoro ryari riyobowe na Hagumagutuma Anastase ukomoka mu yahoze

ari perefegitura ya Gisenyi, ishami rishinzwe za gasutamo ryari riyobowe na Basomingera

Alberto wakomokaga mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Gitarama, ishami rishinzwe ikigega cya

Leta ryari riyobowe na Uwibanze Sylvestre ,ishami rishinzwe ingengo y’imari ryari riyob-

owe na Nyirihene Meranne mu gihe ubugenzuzi bw’imari bwayoborwaga na Mukabideri

Therese wakomokaga muri perefegitura ya Kibungo

MINIFIN yari ifite imishinga ibiri: Umushinga ushinzwe kuvugurura imisoro na za gasutamo

n’Umushinga ushinzwe kuvugurura ibigo bya Leta n’Ibigo byigenga.

31

4.1.3.1.1. Umushinga ushinzwe kuvugurura imisoro na za gasutamo

Umushinga watangiye ibikorwa byawo nyuma ya 1990 udafite imiterere igaragara. Wari ugizwe gusa n’abanyarwanda munani n’impuguke eshatu.

Izo mpuguke eshatu zarimo abafaransa batatu n’umwe ukomoka mu gihugu cya Senegal

bashyizweho n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF) bashinzwe gufasha Leta yariho gu-

kora ivugurura bukungu bw’Igihugu. Nta mukozi w’Umututsi wari muri iryo tsinda ryose

ryari rishinzwe umushinga. Umushinga wakoreraga ku cy’icyaro cya minisiteri. Mu itangira

ry’umushinga, wayoborwaga na Ndahimana Theoneste wari perezida wa CRD muri minisit-

eri. yaje gusimburwa na Hagumagutuma Anastase mu 1992.

Umushinga wari ugamiije kuvugurura, guhindura no kongerera ubushobozi amashami ash-

inzwe imisoro na za gasutamo kugira ngo umutungo wa Leta wiyongere warimo kugana ku

manga.

Ibibazo mu misoro byari byaratewe no kugwa kw’ibiro by’ikahwa n’inyungu z’inguzanyo

zari hejuru Leta yari yarafashe mu Kigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari na muri Banki y’Isi. Izo

nguzanyo ntizakoreshwaga icyo zagenewe kandi urwego rw’abikorera rwari rufite intege nke

cyane mu gukora ibyo rushinzwe.

4.1.3.1.2. Umushinga ushinzwe kuvugurura Ibigo bya Leta n’ibigo byigenga

Umushinga watangijwe mu 1991 ugamije kuvugurura ibigo bya leta byakoreraga mu gihugu hose . Nawo ntiwari ufite imiterere igaragara wakoreragamo kandi wari ufite abakozi ba-tandatu ba banyarwanda n’umufaransa umwe wari impuguke. Nta Mututsi wakoraga muri uwo mushinga. Wari ushinzwe kuvugurura ibigo bya leta n’ibigo by’igenga hagamijwe kongera imari ya Leta.

4.1.3.2. Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi (MINIPLAN)

Iyi minisiteri yari ifite amashami atandukanye; yari ishinzwe imirimo y’ibarurishamibare ya-

korwaga mu gihugu hose, cyane cyane ku rwego rwa perefegitura. Yari igizwe n’amashami

mato atatu akurikira: ishami rishinzwe igenamigambi ry’igihugu, agashami gashinzwe politi-

ki y’ubukungu muri rusange n’ishami rishinzwe ibarurishamibare. Ishami

ry’ibarurishamibare ryakoreraga ku rwego rwa za perefegitura. Minisiteri yakoreraga mu

nyubako y’Ikigo cyo NIRS ikoreramo ubu.

Dore uko imitere ikurikira yari iteye:

32

Ishusho ya 2: Imiterere y’iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi

Abo byavuye: Amakuru y’ibanze, 2017

Hashingiwe kuri iyo shusho ya ruguru, Minisiteri yari iyobowe na minisitiri wunganirwaga

n’umunyamabanga Mukuru wari ushinzwe gushyirwa mu bikorwa ibikorwa bya Minisiteri.

Munsi y’Umunyamabanga Mukuru hari ho umwanya witwaga Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe

ibiro bya Minisitiri wari umwanya wa politiki mu buryo bukomeye kandi uwo mukozi yari

ashinzwe ibikorwa byose n’abakozi muri rusange.

MINIPLAN yari ifite ibigo biyishamikiyeho ari byo: BUNEP na PINAS.

4.1.3.2.1. Ibiro by’Igihugu bishinzwe kwiga imishinga (BUNEP)

Umushinga washyizweho ku wa 5 Nzeli 1978 kandi wakoreraga mu Kiyovu. Inshingano

zawo kwari kwiga imishinga yose y’igihugu igomba kugira uruhare mu iterambere

ry’igihugu. Watangaga raporo muri Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi buri kwezi kandi wari uku-

riwe n’Umuyobozi Mukuru n’abamwungirije.

Umunyamabanga-Mukuru

Igena migambi.

Igihugu

Politiki

y’ubukungu Ibaruri-

shamibare

Abayobozi

Ishami

ry’abakozi

Minisitiri

Perefegitura

imirimo

Umuyobozi Mukuru ushinzwe

Ibiro bya Minisit iri

33

Wari ufite amashami ane ari yo: ishami rishinzwe imari, imicungire y’abakozi, ubwubatsi, gukora ibishu-shanyo mbonera nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ishusho ikurikira:Ishusho ya 3: Imiterere ya BUNEP

Aho byavuye Amakuru y’ibanze, 2017

Umuyobozi Mukuru w’umushinga n’umwungirije batangaga raporo kwa Minisitiri ushinzwe

igenamigambi kandi ikemezwa n’inama y’ubutegetsi na MINIPLAN, MINIFIN n’abakozi bo

mu biro by’umukuru w’Igihugu.

Bakimara gushyirwaho, bagombaga kumara imyaka itanu, kandi amasezerano yabo y’akazi

yashoboraga kongererwa igihe kandi bashoboraga kwirukanwa mu gihe bakoze ibikorwa

binyuranije n’ibyari byitezwe, kwica amategeko n’amabwiriza agenga umushinga.

Umushinga kandi wacungwaga hashingiye ku bwoko n’ibijyanye na karere, aho akarere

kibandwagaho kuruta ubwoko. Urugero ku ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, mu bakozi miringo itandatu

b’umushinga , batanu gusa nibo bari Abatutsi. Mu rwego rwo kugendera ku karere , abuntu

bakomokaga mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri nibo batoneshwaga mu

bijyanye no gutanga akazi no kuzamurwa mu ntera.

Umuyobozi Mukuru

Uwungir ije Umuyobozi Mukuru

Ishami ry’

Imari

Imicungire

y’abakozi

Ubwubatsi Ishami r ishinzwe

ihindura ngano

Inama

y’ubutegetsi:

MINIPLAN,

MINIFIN

n’abakozi ba

mu biro bya

Perezida

34

4.1.3.2.2. Gahunda y’Igihugu ishinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage (PINAS)

Gahunda yatangijwe muri za 1980 n’iyahoze ari Ministeri y’Igenamigambi. Yarishinzwe gu-

teza imbere imibereho myiza y’abaturage binyuze muri gahunda y’imibereho myiza

n’ubukungu.

Abaturage bagiraga uruhare mu gushyira mu bikorwa imishinga itandukanye, bakabona

amafaranga binyuze muri PINAS bakora imirimo y’amaboko. Imitere y’uwo mushinga iteye

itya:

Ishusho ya 4: Imiterere ya PINAS


Umushinga wacungwaga n’Umuyobozi Mukuru kuko yari ashinzwe ibikorwa byose kandi

afite umwungiriza. Umushinga wari ufite amashami ane ari yo: ishami rishinzwe amazi, ubu-

rezi, imari n’ubutegetsi n’ishami rishinzwe abakozi. Aya mashami yari akuriwe n’abakozi ba-

tandukanye batangaga raporo ku Muyobozi Mukuru nawe yatangaga raporo kuri Minisiteri

y’Igenamigambi.

4.1.4. Abakozi ba MINIFIN na MINIPLAN mbere ya tariki ya 1 Ukwakira, 1990

Byari bigoye kumenya neza umubare nyawo w’abakozi bakoraga mu yahoze ari zo minisiteri

n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho ku itariki 1 Ukwakira, 1990. Ibi byatewe n’imbogamizi nini

ebyiri zagaragaye mu gihe cy’ubu bushakashatsi: ubwa mbere ishami rishinzwe abakozi muri

Umubobozi Mukuru

Uwungiri je Umuyobozi

Mukuru

Ishami ry’

Amazi Ishami

ry’Uburezi-

Ishami

ry’Umutungo

na abakozi

Abakozi

INAMA

Y’UBUY

OBOZI

Ubunyamabanga

rusange

35

MINECOFIN nta madosiye y’abahoze ari abakozi mu b’ububiko by’inyandiko za minisiteri

kandi uburyo bwo kubika ayo amadosiye muri MIFOTRA bwari buteye ku buryo nta dosiye

ishobora kuboneka hatabayeho kumenya nomero y’abakozi. Niyo mpamvu amadosiye

y’abahoze ari abakozi yari abitse hakurikije uburyo abakozi bakoraga hadakurikije ibisabwa

mu yahoze ari Minisiteri.

Ikindi, abashakashatsi bagerageje gushakisha nibura abari abakozi babiri mu ryahoze ari

ishami bari bazi neza umubare w’abahoze ari abakozi mu mashami /imishinga itandukanye.

Abadashobora kwibuka umubare nyayo w’abahoze ari abakozi baracishirizaga ku bintu

bimwe byari ingenzi. Ni muri urwo rwego umushakashatsi yakoze ishusho igaragaza ko aba-

bajijwe basa n’ababyemeranijweho nk’uko imbomera hamwe ibigaragaza:

36

Imbonerahamwe ya 4: Urwego n’abakozi mbere ya tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990

Iyahoze ari Ikigo /Minisiteri

Umubare w’abakozi b’Abahutu

Umubare w’abakozi b’Abatusi

Abanyamahanga Igiteranyo

MINIFIN Minisiteri 350 90 0 440 Imishinga ishamikiyeho

- - - -

Total 350 90 - 440 MINIPLAN

Minisiteri 152 35 0 187 BUNEP 55 5 0 60 Igiteranyo 207 40 0 247


Imbonerahambwe yerekana umubare ucishirije w’abakozi mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari

n’Igenamigambi n’ibigo bizishamikiyeho. Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko umubare w’abakozi mu

cyahoze ari BUNEP ari uwukuri kubera ababajijwe bose batanze umubare umwe kuri za min-

isiteri batangaga imibare y’abakozi itandukanye. Mubakoragamo abakozi benshi bari Abahu-

tu ugereranije n’Abatutsi bakoraga mu zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri no mu bigo byari

bizihamikyemo. Ikindi kandi, abakozi benshi muri Minisiteri y’Imari bakomokaga mu zahoze

ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri.

Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byerekanye ko mu 1994, MINIPLAN yari ifite umushinga umwe

uyishamikiyeho (BUNEP) wayoborwaga n’Umututsi (Mbaguta Jean –Marie –Vianeny)

wishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi . Umushinga wari ufite hose hamwe abakozi

mirongo itandatu : 55 bari Ahabutu mu gihe 5 bari Abatutsi . Hombi MINIPLAN na BUNEP,

abakozi benshi bakomokaga mu zahoze ari perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri.

37

4.1.5. Abakozi ba MINIFIN na MINIPLAN hagati yo kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1990 kugeza

tariki ya 7 Mata 1994

Nk’uko byavuzwe mu gace kabanza, izo minisiteri zombi n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho

byari bigoranye kumenya abakozi bazo hagati y’iratiki ya 1 , 1990 kugeza ku itariki ya 7

Mata 1994 kubera impamvu zavunzwe haruguru.

Tugereranije n’abakozi mu bigo mbere y’itariki ya 1 Ukwakira, 1990 no hagati y’itariki ya 1

Ukwakira ,1990 kugeza itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, umubare w’abakozi muri icyo gihe giheruka.

Hari ibisobanuro bibiri by’ingenzi kuri uko kugabanuka. Iyambere n’uko abakozi b’Abatutsi

bakekwaga kuba bafite aho bahuriye cyangwa batera inkunga RPF/A barirukanwaga mu

gihe abandi bafungwaga kandi bagapfa bazize iyicarubozo. Mu by’ukuri abakozi b’Abahutu

bamwe nabo batari intagondwa barahagarikwaga kugira ngo imishahara yabo itere inkunga

kwitoza k’umutwe w’interahamwe nko kugura intwaro n’amasasu. Imbonerahamwe ikuriki-

ra igarahaza imibare y’ibyahoze ari ibigo abakozi bakoragamo hagati yo ku ya 1 Ukwakira

kugeza kuwa 7 Mata 1994:

Imbonerahamwe ya 5: Ibigo abakozi bakoragamo hagati yo ku ya 1 Ukwakira kugeza tariki ya 7 Mata 1994

Iyahoze ari Ikigo/Urwego Umubare w’Abahutu bari

abakozi

Umubare w’Abatutsi bari

abakozi

Aban-yama-hanga

Igiter-anyo

MINIFIN Minisiteri 300 87 0 387 Umushinga ushinzwe kuvu-gurura imisoro na za gasuta-mo

8 0 3 11

Umushimga ushinzwe kuvu-gura Ibigo bya Leta n’Ibigo by’igenga

6 0 1 7

Igiteranyo 314 87 4 405 MINIPLAN

Minisiteri 152 27 0 179 BUNEP 55 0 0 55 PINAS 35 0 3 38 Igiteranyo 242 27 3 272

Ahobyavuye : Amakuru y’ibanze, 2017

38

Imbonerahamwe ibanza yerekana abakozi ba minisiteri hamwe n’abo ibigo byari

bizishamikiyeho hagati yo kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1990 kugeza ku ya 7 Mata 1994. Na none

kandi mbere yo kuwa 1 Ukwakira , 1990, umubare w’Abahutu bari abakozi wasumbaga ku-

re uw’ Abatutsi bakoraga mu zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri no mu bigo byari bizishamikiyeho.

Abenshi mu bakozi b’Abahutu bakoraga mu zahoze ari minisiteri n’ibigo byari

bizishamikiyeho benshi bari Abahutu bakomokaga mu perefegitura ya Gisenyi na

Ruhengeri. Muri BUNEP, igihe igitero cya RPF cyo kuwa 1 Ukwakira, 1990 gitangira,

Abatutsi bose uko ari 5 bahagariswe gukora muri BUNEP boherezwa muri Minisiteri

y’Igenamigambi . mu gihe, babiri muri bo bemeye koherezwa ahandi; batatu baranga ba-

shakirwa akazi ahandi . Abo bemeye ni Muteteri Denise na Nyagatare Antoine.

39

4.2. Imibanire hagati y’amoko mu zahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi no mu bigo byari bizishamikiyeho mbere yo kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1990

Aka gace kavuga ku mibanire y’abakozi mbere y’itariki 1 Ukwakira 1990 no mu gihe

cy’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu. Gasobanura uko abakozi b’Abatutsi bahanganye

n’ikibazo cyo kwangwa, ivangura, guhezwa n’ibikorwa byo kwamburwa ubumuntu mu

zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri no mu bigo byari bizishamikiyeho.

4.2.1. Umwuka mu kazi guhera ku ya 26 Ukwakira 1961 kugeza ku ya 4 Nyakanga 1973 – Intangiriro nyayo yo kwangwa no kuvangurwa abari abakozi b’Abatutsi bahuye nabyo

Iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi zashyizweho kuwa 26 Ukwakira 1960 kandi

zagiye zihabwa amazina, imirimo n’inshingano zitandukanye.

Imibanire hagati y’abakozi b’Abahutu n’abakozi b’Abatutsi yaranzwe n’amacakubiri ash-

ingiye k’ubwoko n’ivangura, kandi biganisha ku rugomo rwakorerwaga Abatutsi b’abakozi

mu zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri no mu bigo byari bizishamikiyeho.

Inkomoko y’ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko yakomotse ku “ Mpinduramatwara y’Abahutu yo

1959” impamvu zayo zikaba zashakirwa ku butegetsi bw’abakoroni b’Ababirigi. Ivangura

rishingiye k’ubwoko ryashizwe mu bigo mu nzego zose za Leta n’izigenga kugeza igihe

cy’ubwigenge 1962.

Nyuma, hashyizweho iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi mu 1961

maze ubwoko bishyingirwaho kandi urwago rukorerwa Abatutsi hamwe n’icyenewabo gish-

ingiye ku turere, ibi ntibyagarukiraga ku nzego zavuzwe haruguru ahubwo byakozwe mu

zahoze ari nzego za Leta n’izigenga zose.

Gukoresha ivangura rishingiye k’ubwoko mu nzego yari gahunda y’igihugu yo kurwanya

Abatutsi , niyo mpamvu kuri izo minisiteri zombi n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho bidatan-

dukanye n’ibindi.

Ni muri urwo rwego, ibikorwa bya politiki muri Leta byaranze umwuka mu kazi mu nzego

zo haruguru. Imibanire y’amoko hagati y’abakozi b’Abahutu n’Abakozi n’Abatutsi barimo

yari yaracitsemo ibice bishingiye k’ubwoko no ku mpamvu z’uturere byimakajwe

n’abaminisitiri muri Leta zabayeho zihembera ingenga biterezo y’urwango. Mu by’ukuri

40

gutanga imirimo no gushyiraho abayobozi n’abakozi byari bishingiye kubwoko n’ivangura

rishingiye ku karere. Ivangura ry’abakozi b’Abatutsi ntiryashingiraga ku mpamvu n’imwe

mu zahoze ari minisiteri no mu bigo byari bizihamikiyeho.

Ku bijyanye n’amateka, cyane cyane , indagagaciro zo kubona akazi muri izo nzego

zavuzwe mu gihe cya Repubulika ya mbere byari bishingiye ku ngengabiterezo y’amoko

ya MDR- PARMEHUTU , ishyaka ryategekaga icyo gihe.

Iyo miterere ya politiki n’umwuka wariho byakoze ku Batutsi mu bice byose by’ubuzima,

harimo n’abo bakoraga muri izo minisiteri ziri gukorwaho ubushakashatsi.

Ikigo cyitwa IGFIN cyakoranaga n’ishami rishinzwe za gasutamo mu yahoze ari MINIFIN

cyagaragaje ko “ ivangura ryakorerwaga abakozi b’Abatutsi kitari igikorwa ubwa cyo , ko

yari politiki yakoreshwaga mu nzego za Leta n’izigenga”.41 Ikigo JN cyakoranye n’Ishami

ry’Ibarurishamibare cyongeye kuvuga ko :

“Hariho gutandukanya n’ivangura ku bakozi bishingiye kubwoko hamwe n’akarere

bishingiye ku cyenewaho […] kandi abakomokaga mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya

Gisenyi na Ruhengeri bari batoneshejwe mu by’ukuri […] ariko byagera ku bakozi

b’Abatutsi , kwita ku bwoko byahabwaga ingufu”.42

Ntabwo byari impanuka k’ubwo kuvangura abakozi b’Abatutsi. Ikinyuranye nabyo, ivangura

ryakorwaga mu buryo bweruye bwashyizweho na Leta binyuze muri gahunda ya politiki yari

yarashyizweho mu nzego zose.

Hagataho, abafitanye amasano n’abakozi b’Abatutsi n’abandi bakozi bagomba kwicwa,

by’umwihariko mu 1961, 1963, 1965 no mu 1973 kubera urwango bangwaga.

Ivangura n’ibikorwa by’urwango byakorerwaga abakozi b’Abatutsi ntibyakorerwaga ku kazi

gusa, byageraga no mu duce batuyemo no mu ngo zabo. Ibi byaterwaga n’ingenga biterezo

y’urwango n’ivangura byakorerwaga Abatutsi byari muri gahunda nini y’igihugu igamije

gutsemba Abatutsi bose kubutaka bw’u Rwanda. Uwahoze ari umukozi wa BUNEP yagize

ati:

41 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na GFIN muri MINECOFIN, Nzeli 29, 2017. 42 Ikiganiro cyatanwe na JN ku cyicaro cya NISR , Ukwakira 5, 2017.

41

“ Abatutsi bari bibasiwe ahantu hose, twaravangurwaga haba ku kazi cyangwa n’ahantu

twari dutuye […] mu by’ukuri nta hantu hatekanye hari hahari ku Batutsi baba abize

cyangwa abatarize, abakoraga cyangwa abatarakoraga [ ….] uku n’iko byari byifashe mu

gihugu hose”.43

Kwanga Abatutsi byari byarimakajwe n’abize n’intiti nk’igice cy’ingengabiterezo ya politiki

ya MDR PARMEHUTU. Uku kuzuza abakozi b’Abahutu mu zahoze ari za minisiteri bya-

koreshwaga nk’uburyo bwateguwe na Leta mu kwibasira abakozi b’Abatutsi Byari bigize

umuco mu kazi. XMCM yibukije ko “ buri wa gatanu nyuma ya saa sita bagombaga kwi-

butswa Ingengabiterezo ya MRND yari ishingiye ku bwoko hagamijwe guteza imbere

“Ubuhutu”.44 Uwahoze ari umukozi mu ishami ry’ibarurishamibare yasobanuye muri make

ko kwangisha rubanda Abatutsi muri ubu buryo: “Niba kwangisha abatarize byarakorwaga

binyuze muri za mitingi , none kwingisha binyuze mu bize byakorwaga mu buryo

bworoshye ahantu hose bakoreraga […]45

Kwangisha urwango bikozwe na Leta byari uburyo bwemewe bwo gukandamiza abakozi

b’Abatutsi n’abagenzi babo b’abakozi b’Abahutu batari intagondwa.

Indi nzirakarengane yaravuze iti :

“za mitingi zakorerwaga ku kazi rimwe na rimwe Abatutsi ntibabaga bamenye-

shejwe […] kubera y’uko rimwe na rimwe izo mitingi zari zigamije kubakomeretsa[…]

nyuma y’uko [izo] mitingi zirangiye twashoboraga kugirirwa nabi kandi rimwe na rimwe

imyanya yacu twayamburwaga ku ngufu”. 46

Ibi byakorwaga n’aba minisitiri n’abandi banyabwenge b’abanyapolitiki b’Abahutu

bayoboraga igihugu. Ibitekerezo byo kwanga Abatutsi byari byinshi muri izo minisiteri zombi

kandi byayoborwaga n’Abahutu aho urwango rufite imizi mu bibazo byo mu 1959 kandi

byakozwe binyuze muri Repubulika ya Kabiri.

43 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na DMBU kuri MINECOFIN, Nzeli 29, 2017. 44 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na XMCM ku Kimihurura, Nzeli 27, 2017. 45 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na DMBU kuri MINECOFIN, Nzeli 29, 2017. 46 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na GMCH mu nkengero z’umugi , Ugushyingo 6, 2017.

42

4.2.2. Umwuka mu kazi guhera ku ya 5 Nyakanga 1973 kugeza Ukwakira , 1, 1990

Aka gace gatanga amakuru arambuye ku mibanire y’amoko hagati y’abakozi b’Abahutu

n’’Abatutsi mu nzego ziri gukorwamo ubushakashatsi guhera tariki ya 5 Nyakanga 1973

kugeza tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990.

Kandi mu gihe cya Repubulika ya Kabiri, urwango, ivangura no kwamburwa ubumuntu

byakorewe Abatutsi mu cyahoze ari minisiteri zombi no mu bigo byari bizishamikiyeho

byaragaragaraga ..

Ubushomeri ku Batutsi bwarabonekaga nabwo mu bigo byinshi. DMBU avuga ko “ kivan-

gura ryakorerwaga abakozi b’ Abatutsi ryari hejuru kandi bikagaragarira mu bushomeri

bwabo, gusuzugurwa no gukoresha imvugo itesha agaciro byakorerwaga Abatutsi, gukubit-

wa inkoni, n’ibindi.47 Ubu buryo bwaciyemo ibice abakozi muri izi minisiteri hamwe

n’amoko.

Umwuka mu kazi n’ibyabaye byavuzwe haruguru byakomeje kubaho kugeza RPF –Inkotanyi

iteye kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1990. Abakozi b’Abatutsi nta mahitamo uretse kwemera kubana

n’ukuri kw’amateka.

XMCM avuga ko “ byari imikorere rusange ku babakozi b’Abatutsi mu kubaho mu rwik-

ekwe no gutotezwa na nyamwinshi cyangwa abakozi b’Abahutu babonaga bagenzi babo

b’Abatutsi nk’ ‘ikindi gice cy’abaturage’”.48

Inzirakarenga yakorewe ibyo bikorwa yerekanya ko “ nta kuntu umwe yashoboraga kwizera

undi kuko twafatwaga nk’abanzi b’Igihugu”. 49 Mu bihe byinshi , Abakozi b’Abatutsi bit-

waga inyenzi cyangwa inzoka n’abagenzi babo b’Abahutu. Bafatwaga nk’ikindi gice

cy’abaturage cyangwa ko batari abaturage nk’abandi bakabasuzugura.

Kubera intera ndende y’urwikekwe muri izo minisiteri zavuzwe bakoragamo, imibanire ha-

gati y’abakozi b’Abahutu n’abakozi b’Abatutsi yari igoye.

47 Ikiganiro yatanzwe na DMBU kuri MINECOFIN, Ibid. 48 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na XMCM ku Kimihurura, Ibid. 49 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na RU kuri Kigo cy’Imisoro , Nzeli 18, 2017.

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Ubuyobozi bwa minisiteri ntibwitaye na gato ku mibereho myiza y’Abatutsi kubera Leta

yatatiriye igihango cy’amasezerano ifitanye n’abaturage’ yashoboraga guhuriza hamwe

abanyarwanda bose.

Ababajijwe bavuze ko igihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana, umubare w’abakozi b’Abatutsi

muri zo minisiteri zombi wiyongereye ugereranije n’ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda n’ubwo uku

kwiyongera bwakorwaga n’inzego binyuze “ mu buryo bw’iringaniza”.

Abakozi b’Abahutu bangaga abakozi b’Abatutsi umunsi ku munsi ariko nta Minisitiri

cyangwa umuyobozi muri Minisiteri wabyitagaho. Umwe mu babajijwe wakoraga mu

yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari yemeje ko “ kwanga Abatutsi byari gahunda ya Leta, kandi nta

muyobozi wa ministeri washoboraga kubihindura”.50 Uwahoze ari umuyobozi w’agashami

gashinzwe ubukungu rusange mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi yasobanuye ko

kwangwa kw’abakozi b’Abatutsi n’ingengabiterezo yo kwangwana ati :

“Kwanga abakozi b’Abatutsi byari politiki yashyizweho na Leta yagombaga

gushyirwa mu bikorwa mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye n’abakozi b’Abahutu

barangwaga n’ingengabitekerezo idasanzwe”.51

Mu by’ukuri, abakozi b’Abatutsi bafatwaga nk’abanzi b’Abahutu”. 52 Umwuka mu kazi

no muri politiki watumye habaho kwiheba n’icyoba mu b’abakozi b’Abatutsi no mu

miryango yabo. Hatabayeho kwibeshya, ibi byabaye intangiriro mbi ya Jenoside yakorewe

Abatutsi kubera y’uko byakorewe Umututsi wese mu gihugu.

4.2.3. Ibikorwa by’urugomo byibasiye abakozi b’Abatutsi mbere ya Tariki ya 1 Ukwa-kira 1990

Mbere ya tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, nta bikorwa by’urugomo byibasiye abakozi b’Abatutsi mu nzego za Leta. Gusa hariho ibikorwa bitari ibya kimuntu biteye ubwoba.

Ibi byabonekaga mu buryo bwo kubatesha agaciro mu gihugu hose. Abatutsi bafatwaga nk’inyenzi , inzoka cyangwa abanzi b’Igihugu.53 Ibi byakozwe mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa MDR –PARMEHUTU no mu gihe cya Leta ya Habyarimana byagenderaga ku bwoko no ku turere.

50 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na ANINTERNkuri MINECOFIN, Ugusyingo 11, 2017. 51 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na GDA17 ku Karere ka Nyarugenge, Nzeli 17, 2017. 52 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na VNH ku cyicaro cya NISR, Nzeli 17, 2017. 53 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na DMBU kuu cyicaro cya MINECOFIN, Nzeli 29, 2017.

44

Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko mbere y’urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu, ironda karere n’ubwoko byari ibibazo bibiri by’ingenzi bitariho mu zahoze ari minisiteri zombi ahubwo byariho mu gihugu cyose.

Mu gihe ironda karere ryatoneshaga Abatuhu bo mu majya ruguru y’u Rwanda , abakozi

b’Abahutu baturukaga mu tundi turere bari babangamiwe n’ubwo buryo bw’ivangura.

Kubera ivangura ry’ubwoko, ryari ryibasiye Abatutsi gusa. Nyamara kuvangura Abatutsi n’

ivangura rishingiye ku ndandamuntu y’ubwoko byahishiraga ibindi bikorwa byose mu nzego

zo muri za minisiteri zirimo gukorwaho ubushakashatsi.

Ikindi kandi, abakozi bamwe b’Abatutsi bahindurirwaga imirimo. Kandi abari ku rwego

rumwe rw’amashuri n’abakozi b’Abahutu bangirwaga kuzamurwa mu ntera.

Ubu buryo bw’ivangura bwari bubangamiye ikiremwa muntu nk’uko inyigisho zivuga ku

ivangura ziriho zibivuga , kuko byari bishingiye ku ndangamuntu y’ubwoko.

4.3. Imibereho y’Abakozi b’Abatutsi mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohora gu( 1990-1994)

Imibanire y’amoko hagati y’abakozi b’Abahutu n’abakozi b’Abatutsi yabaye mibi mu gihe

cy’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, n’ukuvuga guhera tariki ya 1 Ukwakira kugeza 15

Nyakanga , 1994. Bishimangira uburyo butandukanye bwo kubabazwa abakozi b’Abatutsi

banyuzeho, ni ngombwa kuvuga ko mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, urugomo

rwariyongereye muri za minisiteri.

4.3.1. Imibanire mu bakozi ba Minisiteri hagati y’itariki ya 1 Ukwakira kugeza tariki 6

Mata 1994

Kubera gukoresha ubwoko mu nzego za minisiteri zombi, umwuka mubi ushingiye ku bwoko warabonekaga, ukaze kandi wibasiye abakozi b’Abatutsi, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu.

Mu itangira ry’intambara , abakozi b’Abatutsi bose bari bibasiwe mu buryo butaziguye kuko baregwaga kuba ibyitso bya RPF cyangwa abanzi b’igihugu. Urugomo rwakorerwaga abakozi b’Abatutssi rwarushijeho kwiyongera mu buryo butihanganirwa kandi bukabije.

45

Kwangwa no kwibasirwa byarahemberwaga kandi bigashishikarizwa abakozi b’Abahutu

batari bashyigikiye ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko. Ingaruka yabyo , abakozi b’Abahutu ba-

tangiye gukora matsinda mato ashingiye ku mashyaka ya politiki n’ingengabitekerezo .

Ibi byaje kugaragara mu gihe cyo kongera gushyiraho amashyaka menshi mu 1992.54 Kuba

umurwanashyaka w’ishyaka rya politiki muri izo minisiteri zombi byashingiraga

k’ubutangondwa cyangwa ibijyanye no kuroherana. Abarangwaga n’ubutagondwa biyem-

ezaga urwango n’urugomo byibasira abakozi b’Abatutsi.55

Intagondwa zakoreshaga ingamba za politiki y’urugomo no guteza umutekano muke ku

bakozi b’Abatutsi .

Imwe mu ngamba yakoreshwaga kwari gufata no gufunga abakozi b’Abatutsi. Umwe mu ba-

bajijwe, MRCHIC, yavuze ko “ abakozi bamwe b’Abatutsi barafunzwe kandi bakorerwa

iyica rubozo rikomeye kugeza aho babiri muri bo bishwe bakorewe iyica rubozo ako kanya”.

56

Uburyo bwo gufunga abakozi b’Abatutsi bwari buteguwe kandi burebererwa n’ubuyobozi

muri za minisiteri. Intagondwa z’Abahutu muri minisiteri zashiragaho abakozi batari aba min-

isiteri bo gukora urugomo mu buryo bwa rusange.57

Ubundi buryo bwakoreshwaga kwari kubuza abakozi b’Abatutsi kwinjira mu biro. Umwe

munzirakarengane yibukije ko “ rimwe na rimwe bashoboraga kubuzwa kwinjira mu biro

byabo”.58 Ibi byajyanaga no kubatuka ibitutsi bibibutsa ko benewabo b’Abatutsi ( RPF –

Inkotanyi) bashaka gufata Igihugu. Ibikorwa byaganishaga ku rugomo rwakorerwaga im-

baga y’abakozi b’Abatutsi byarekezaga ku gukora Jenoside yarimo itegurwa n’igihugu.

Ibi n’ibyo inzirakarengane yo haruguru yavuze:

54 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na MRCHIC, mu mugi, Ukuboza 29, 2017. 55 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na XMCM ku Kimihurura, Ibid. 56 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na MRCHIC, Ibid. 57 Ibid 58 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na DMBU kuri MINECOFIN, Nzeri 29, 2017.

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“Abahutu bamwe bumvaga Radio RTLM bahindukaga babi cyane kubera ko nyuma yo

kuyumva bashoboraga rimwe na rimwe kwibasira abakozi b’Abatutsi bababwira amagam-

bo mabi kandi ibyo byakurikirwaga n’ibikorwa by’urugomo byo ku mubiri”.59

Muri rusange, intambara hagati ya RPF na Leta yariho yakajije umurego guhera 1991 kugeza

1994.

Ibi byatumye Leta yihutisha gukora ubwicanyi ku Batutsi mu bice bimwe by’Igihugu muri

Kibilira na Bugesera. Imvugo y’urwango yagaragaye ko yarangwaga mu nzego zose, ha-

rimo no mu zahoze ari minisiteri zombi hamwe no mu miryango itegamiye kuri Leta no mu

rwego rw’abikorera.

Kandi akarengane, ivangura, urwango no gutesha agaciro ikiremwamuntu byakorewe abakozi

b’Abatutsi byabaye gahunda ya buri munsi.

Ingengabiterezo y’urwango yafashe intera nshya mu mikorere y’inzego ijyanye n’ingenga

bitekerezo ya Jenoside byose bigamije kwemererwa gukorera urugomo Abatutsi muri zo

minisiteri zombi. Umwe mu bari abakozi b’ishami rishinzwe za Gasutamo yabivuze muri ubu

buryo:

“ Mu gihe twavugaga ko abakozi b’Abatutsi bamwe bafunzwe mu buryo bunyuranije

n’amategeko, twataruye ko hari ikintu kitameze neza […] muri rusange, washoboraga

kubona abakozi b’Abahutu mu dutsiko basoma ibinyamakuru , cyane cyane Kangura no

kumva radio RTLM kandi byongereye urwango ku bakozi b’Abatutsi”. 60

Ku nshuro ngaruka mwaka ya 23 y’igikorwa cyo kwibuka, umwe mu nzirakarengane yara-

vuze a:ti “ Byari ibihe by’ihahamuka. Nta burenganzira ku mashuri, ubuzima cyangwa

ubundi burenganzira busanzwe kubera ikibazo cy’ubwoko cyariho,”61 ibihe by’intambara

Abatutsi banyuzemo byateje ubwoba budashira mu bakozi b’Abatutsi.

59 Ibid 60 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na PMSENku Nteko ishinga amategeko, Nzeli 15, 2017. 61 Amagambo yavuzwe n’uwarokotse Jenoside ku nshuro ya 23, kuri MINECOFIN, Kanama 2, 2017.

47

Gutotezwa kuvugwa n’uwahoze ari umukozi wa minisiteri: “ kwibasirwa n’ibitutsi bish-

ingiye ku bwoko byakorerwaga buri mukozi w’Umututsi [...] ibaze gukorerwa ibikorwa

nk’ibyo ku kazi naho utuye”.62

Mu zahoze ari minisiteri zombi, abakozi b’Abatutsi bari bibasiwe haba ku kazi naho batuye.

Guhera 1992 kugeza tariki 6, 1994, udutsiko tumwe tw’intagondwa z’Abahutu bo muri CDR

na MRND batozwaga kwibasira bagenzi babo b’abakozi b’Abahutu. Ibi byakozwe nyuma

y’aho amashyaka ya politiki yemerewe gukora mu 1992.

Abakozi b’Abatutsi bafatwaga nk’abanzi mu magambo yakoreshwaga mu gusobanura urwan-

go, ivangura no gusobanura gutsemba Abatutsi muri rusange. Ikindi, Abahutu batoje udutsi-

ko muri za minisiteri bakoraga urugomo n’iterabwoba ku Batutsi bafite amagambo akakaye

yavugaga ko “Abatutsi bose ari abanzi b’igihugu” haba muri za minisiteri zombi cyangwa

hanze yazo.

Ibi byagaragariraga mu bikorwa byo kubarenganya bigaragaza ko “ abakozi bamwe

b’Abatutsi bafunzwe kandi bagakorerwa iyica rubozo”.63

4.3.2. Ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo byakorewe Abatutsi muri Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisit-

eri y’Igenamigambi mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu

Guhera tariki 2 Uwakira 1990 kugeza tariki 6 Mata, 1994, ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi

byerekana ko abakozi b’Abatutsi bahuye n’ibibazo byo kubangamira uburenganzira bwa

kiremwa muntu bigaragarira mu bikorwa by’iyica rubozo. Ibi byakurijemo ihungabana mu

ntekerezo no k’umubiri. Gukwirakwiza urwango byatesheje agaciro abakozi b’Abatutsi ba-

bagereranya n’inzoka , inyenzi cyangwa ‘inyamaswa.64 Ku rundi ruhande, iyica rubozo ku

mu biri muri za gereza byakorwaga umunsi ku munsi . Abatutsi bamwe bafungwaga mu

buryo butemewe n’amategeko bagafungirwa ahantu hatemewe, bakorerwaga iyica rubozo

kandi bagakubitwa inkoni cyangwa bagashyirwa ku mashanyarazi kandi bagahatirirwa

kunywa cyangwa kurya imyanda.

Bamwe mu bakozi b’Abatutsi bazahariye mu gufungwa by’igihe kirekire, gufungirwa ku kazi

kandi bamwe bapfiriye ku kazi kubera gufungwa nabi mu bigo.

62 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na OMRA kuri Kigo cy’igihugu cy’imisoro, Nzeli 20, 2017. 63 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na XMCM ku Kimihurura, Nzeli 27, 2017. 64 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe NA XMCM ku Kimihurura, September 27, 2017.

48

Uwahoze ari umukozi yaravuze ati “ mu 1992, Karera Valère na Kagorora Thomas bafungi-

we ku kazi , bafungirwa Gikondo kandi Kagorora Thomas yapfuye azize iyicwa rubozo”.65

Izo nzirakarengane zombi zakoraga mu yahoze ari minisiteri y’imari mu ishami rishinzwe za

Gasutamo ryari rifite icyicaro Gikondo.

Abakozi b’Abahutu bakoze ibikorwa bikabije bibi harimo ibikorwa byo kwibasira no

kuvangura abakozi b’Abatutsi haba ku kazi cyangwa hanze y’akazi. Ibi byakorwaga

n’abakozi b’Abahutu b’intagondwa bibwiraga ko Abatutsi muri rusange bagombaga kwic-

wa kubera ko bakoze ibikorwa by’ubugambanyi ku gihugu cyabo.

Uwabajijwe uzwi kw’izina rya DMBU yagaragaje ko “ abakozi b’Abatutsi nta mutekano na

muke bari bafite, habaho bakorega cyangwa ahantu bari batuye”.66 Uko imirwano hagati ya

RPF-Inkotanyi na Leta y’abicanyi yarushaga gukomera, undi wabajijwe, OMRA, yemeje

ko “abakozi b’Abatutsi bafungwaga by’amaherere kandi bagakorerwa iyicarubozo

n’abagenzi babo b’abakozi b’Abahutu hamwe n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze cyagwa

inzego zishinzwe umutekano z’aho bari batuye”.67

Muri izo minisiteri zombi ndetse no mu gihugu hose, abakozi b’Abatutsi bose bara-

genzwaga nk’uburyo bwo kubagenzura ngo badatera inkunga cyangwa bagasanga RPF.

Bakorerwaga ibikorwa bibi n’iyicarubozo ku bushake no ku mpamvu zose. Ni ngezi kuvu-

ga ko n’abafitanye isano nabo cyane cyane abana n’impinja bakorerwaga iyicarubozo ,

kwangwa no kunyerezwa. Uwimenyerezaga muri minisiteri yavuze ko “ n’abana bacu

cyangwa abafitanye isano natwe bakorerwaga iyicarubozo kubera ari Abatutsi gusa”.68

Urwango rwakwirakwijwe mu itangazamakuru rya RTLM n’ibinyamakuru bya Kangura

byagize uruhare rukomeye mu gukangurira abakozi b’Abahutu kwanga bagenzi babo

b’Abatutsi. Ibi n’ibyo DMBU yemeje ati: “Buri gitondo muri buri shami habaga gusubira

mu byavuzwe n’ibinyamakuru kuri radio ya RTLM radio no mu kinyamakuru cya Kangura

kugira ngo hamenyekane icyo gukora ”. 69 Icyakurikiraga, abakozi b’Abatutsi bashoboraga

65 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na XMCM ku Kimihurura, Nzeli 27, 2017. 66 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na DMBU kuri MINECOFIN, Nzeli 29, 2017. 67 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na OMRA kuri RRA, Nzeri 20, 2017. 68 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na ANINTERN kuri MINECOFIN, Ugushyingo 11, 2017 69 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na DMBU kuri MINECOFIN, Nzeri 29, 2017

49

kwibasirwa hakoreshejwe imvugo yo gutesha agaciro ibirego bivuga ko bafitanye imi-

koranire y’ibanga na RPF-Inkotanyi.

Ikindi, igihe cy’amashyaka menshi ya politiki (1992 -1994) urwango rwariyongereye ku

bakozi b’Abatutsi kubera ko benshi bagenderaga ku ngengabiterezo y’ivangura moko.

Uwahoze ari umukozi muri Minisiteri y’Imari yahuje urugomo rwakorerwaga abakozi

b’Abatutsi na politiki y’amashyaka. Yaravuze ati : “ hariho guhangana hagati

y’abashyigikiye amashyaka ya politiki muri ministeri hagati y’abakozi ”.70 Nk’uko IBBU,

yongeye kuvuga : “Abaturage benshi bashoboraga gushyamirana mu gihe

cy’imyigaragambyo y’amashyaka ya politiki, yewe no muri minisiteri urwo rugomo rwari-

ho.”71 N’ubwo XMCM yibukije ko mbere yo kuvuka kw’amashyaka ya politiki , hariho

guhanganisha amoko bikozwe n’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi( MRND) ku nzego zose. Yavuze

ko “ buri nyuma ya sasita kuwa Gatatu bagiraga icyitwa ‘ Agatsiko gashyushye /Gurupe

shoke’ katabaga kuri Minisiteri y’Imari gusa ahubwo kagaga mu bigo byose bya Leta .” 72

Umugambi w’izo mitingi kwari ugukangura umutima nama wa gihutu no gushyigikira

ishyaka rimwe rukumbi ryari ku butegetsi ryari ryubakiye ku musingi w’ubwoko n’ironda

karere . Mu by’ukuri, ibi byakorwaga mu gihugu hose binyuze mu cyitwaga “ serire ziha-

riye”. Byabonekaga ko byakoreshwaga nk’uburyo bw’igihugu bwo kumenyekanisha

gukunda igihugu.

Ikindi kandi, abafitanye amasano n’abakozi b’Abatutsi nabo bari bibasiwe bafungwa kandi ibi

byakozwe inshuro nyinshi. Mu gihe bari bafunzwe, bakorerwaga ibikorwa bibangamiye

ikiremwa muntu kandi ntibari bemerewe kubona ibyo kurya cyangwa ubufasha bw’ubuvuzi.

Ibi bikorwa bibangamiye inyoko muntu byageze aho bamwe bari abakozi b’Abatutsi baraku-

biswe haba muri za kasho cyangwa hanze y’aho bakoreraga kandi bagasigwa ari abo gupfa.

Ababaga bakomerekejwe bashoboraga kujyanwa kwivuza ntibitabwagaho n’abaganga.

Abandi bashoboraga gufatwa kandi bagakubitwa kugeza bapfuye cyangwa bagakomeretswa

ndetse n’inguma. Muri aka gace gakurikira, ibikomere by’inzirakarengane bagize bya-

vuzweho.

70 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na XMCM ku Kimihurura, Nzeli 27, 2017 71 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na IBBU ku Kimihurura, Nzeli 27, 2017 72 Interview with the XMCM, September 20, 2017

50

4.3.3. Igihe cy’ubwicanyi :amazina y’inzirakarengane n’ababikoze n’impamvu

z’ubwicanyi

Ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko n’iyica rubozo byakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi mu zahoze ari

minisiteri zombi ntibitandukanye n’ibyabaye ahandi hose mu gihugu . ibyo bikorwa

byakozwe mu buryo igihugu cyabigizemo uruhare mu gutegura Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe

Abatutsi.

Uburyo bw’igihugu bwaribugamije guteza imbere ingengabiterezo ya “ gihutu “ yarigamije

gushyiraho igihugu “ ubutaka bw’abahutu” butarangwamo Abatutsi.

Uretse uburyo bwo kwambura ubumuntu bwaranzwe n’imikorere yo mu yahoze ari ministeri

hariho no gufunga abakozi b’Abatutsi mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko.73 Ibi byabaye

mu gihe cy’intambara yatangiye kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1990 kugeza mu 1994.

Abafunzwe kuva 1990 kugeza 1992 mu yahoze ari minisiteri y’Imari harimo : Ayabagabo

Jean de Dieu, Karera Valere, Kagiraneza Deus, Bimenyimana Théoneste, Gasana Françios-

Xavier, Ntamabyariro Faustin na Kagorora Thomas mu gihe mu yahoze ari Minisiteri

y’Igenamigambi harimo Gasana Hyacinthe, Rutazigwa Ignace, Mugabo Mwunvaneza Jean

Claude, Ndarasi André, na Litararenga Godfroid.74 Nyuma ya Karera Valère na Kagorora

Thomas bakorewe iyica rubozo rikomeye cyane mu gihe baribafunzwe barapfuye. Kago-

rora yafungiwe kuri sitasiyo ya polisi ya Gikondo mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu mu 1993

kandi niho yiciwe. Karera yafunzwe mu 1991 mu gihe cy’amezi atanu. Yakorewe iyica rubo-

zo nyuma y’uko afungurwa. Nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe avuye muri gereza yaje gupfa azize

ibikomere yakorewe mu iyicwa rubozo.

Abakoze ibyo bikorwa by’ubwicanyi barimo bagenzi babo cyangwa abandi harimo inzego

zishinzwe umutekano n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze bakurikiranaga ibyo bikorwa mu bice

batuyemo.

Mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi , uwari ipfundo ni uwahoze ari Minisitiri Augustin

Ngirabatware. Ikindi hari abarundi babiri bakoraga muri iyo minisiteri bari bafite ingenga-

bitekerezo ya Jenoside. Mu bihe bimwe bakomeretsaga cyangwa bagakoreraga iyica rubozo

73 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na CNH, Knama 18, 2017;Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na XMCM ku Kimihurura, 27th Nzeli 2017; Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na IBBU ku Kimihurura, Nzeli 27, 2017 & Ikiganiro cyatan-zwe na DMBU kuri MINECOFIN, Nzeli 29, 2017. 74 Ibid.

51

abakozi b’Abatutsi. Umwe yibukwa ku izina rya Cyriaque . Mu banyarwanda bakoze ub-

wicanyi harimo Nshimiyumuremyi Adalbert na Uwimana Antoine, babarizwa ubu mu gihugu

cy’Ububiligi.75Muri BUNEP , Collette wakoraga mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Gisenyi wari

ku isonga niwe wamenyekanye muri ubu bushakashatsi mu gukorera Abatutsi iyica rubo-

zo.76

Mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari, Emmanuel Ndindabahizi wari minisitiri yari ku isonga mu

kuyobora ibikorwa byo kwambura ubumuntu no kwibasira Abatutsi. Abandi nka Ruta-

rindwa Honoré wayoboraga ishami rishinzwe imisoro mu 1994, Niyonteze wayoboraga

ishami rishinzwe za gasutamo , Nderere Alphonse wari umushoferi mu ishami rishinzwe

imisoro n’abandi.

75 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na XMCM ku Kimihurura, Nzeli 27, 2017 76 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na DMBUkuri MINECOFIN, Nzeli 29, 2017

52

4.4. Ikoreshwa ry’umutungo wa Leta mu kugura intwaro zo kwica abaturage

Iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana , ku

bufatanye na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi , Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga na Minisiteri

y’Ingabo zateguye kandi zishyira mu bikorwa kugura imbunda n’intwaro zakoreshejwe

muri Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

Igitangaje, amafaranga amwe yakoreshejwe mu kugura intwaro byakozwe binyuze mu

nkunga yahawe u Rwanda guhera 1991 kugeza 1994. Ku nshuro nyinshi , Minisiteri y’Imari

yarigishije amafaranga mu gutera inkunga igisirikari no gutoza imitwe y’abasiviri.

Konti za Leta zakoreshejwe mu kubahiriza ubusabe bw’Ikigenga Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari

na Banki y’Isi kandi ibi bigo bitabizi. Ibi byabonetse mu ibaruwa nomero :0122/01.1.5 yo ku

wa 25 Matarama 1991 yanditswe na Minisitiri w’Imari ayandikira Perezida Habyarimana

yavugaga itya :

“Nyakubahwa tuributsa ko ingengo y’imari yateguwe na Minisiteri y’Ingabo z’Igihugu

yatanzwe n’ Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari na Banki y’Isi muri Gashyantare 1991

amafranga angana na miliyoni 9,385 FRW , miliyoni 2, 887 FRW y’imishahara na

miliyoni 6,498 FRW yo kugura ibicuruzwa na za serivisi ( mu bikorwa byo gutumiza

ibicuruzwa byinjira mu gihugu n’ubucuruzi bw’imbere mu gihugu)”.

Ibi bigaragaza ukuntu umuryango w’abaterankunga bakoranye bya hafi na Leta y’u

Rwanda mu gutera inkunga Jenoside binyuze mu kunyereza amafanga.77 Mu kiganiro

cy’abaterankunga cyabaye muri werugwe 1991 i Parisi , Banki y’Isi yiyemeje gutanga

ibihumbi 120,3 by’amadorari y’amerika ku bihumbi 139,2 by’amadorari y’amerika

yari ateganijwe gutangwa muri uwo mwaka. Igitangaje Banki y’Isi n’abandi bat-

erankunga bagaragaje ubushake bwabo bw’uko amafaranga akoreshwa mu buryo bwi-

huse. Mu kiganiro, Banki y’Isi n’Umuryango w’abibumbye ushinzwe iterambere

bagaragaje gushyigikira u Rwanda kandi bagize n’ubushake bwo gutera inkunga

uburyo by’igihugu bushinzwe imyishuranire hagati y’ibihugu n’ingengo y’imari ya

Leta.

Bizimana Jean-Damascène yaravuze ati “ abahoze ari abayobozi b’izo minisiteri zombi

nk’inzego z’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’igihugu- bateguye kandi bagashyira

77 Ibid

53

mu bikorwa byo gutsemba ubwoko bw’Abatutsi kandi amafaranga amwe yagenewe iter-

ambere ry’igihugu yakoreshejwe kugura intwaro zakoreshejwe mu gukora Jenoside”.78

Yongeyeho ko :

“Kwibuka Jenoside bisaba gutekereza uruhare rw’ingengo y’imari ya Leta, yakore-

shejwe mu kugura intwaro zo kwica Abatutsi aho kuyashora mu bikorwa

by’iterambere ry’U Rwanda ”.79

Uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Imari, Emmanuel Ndindabahizi n’uwahoze ari Minisitiri

w’Igenamigambi Dr Augustin Ngirabatware bose bakatiwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga

rwashyiriwe u Rwanda( ICTR) nibo bari ubwonko bafashije mu kugura intwaro zishe Aba-

tutsi hakoreshwa amafaranga ya Leta.

Nyamara kandi hashingiwe ku myanzuro ya LONI , Leta y’ u Rwnda yangiwe gutanga

isoko ryo kugura intwaro zose nk’igisubizo cyo kurangiza intambra kandi LONI ya-

rishinzwe kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa by’umwanzuro.80

Binyuze mu kwiyemeza kwa Leta mu gukora Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi , iyo Leta mu

buryo bw’ibanga ntiyubahirije ibyemezo byavuzwe haruguru byo gukomatanyirizwa kugura

intwaro. Yanyujije amafaranga muri za ambasade z’u Rwanda mu gihugu cy’Ubufaransa ,

Parisi , Kairo mu Misiri, Kinshasa mu yahoze yitwa Zaire na Nayirobi muri Kenya.

Ibi byakozwe mu buryo bwo guhisha ibikorwa bya za ambasade. Ariko mu by’ukuri

amafaranga yari agenewe kugura intwaro yakoreshejwe mu kwica Abatutsi.

4.4.1. Uruhare rwa Minisiteri y’Imari, Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi na Banki Nkuru

y’Igihugu mu kunyereza amafanga

Michel Chossydovsky na Pierre Galand bavuga ko amadosiye muri Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu ( BNR) agaragaza ko gutumiza ibicuruzwa biva hanze hagati yo mu 1991 kugeza 1994 byatewe inkunga mu buryo bunyuranije n’amasezerano y’abaterankunga . Amakuru ya BNR agaragaza ko ubutegetsi bwakoze genoside bwatumije ibicuruzwa ku mafaranga y’amadorari angana na miliyoni 83,056,115 USD kandi ibyo bikorwa byo gutumiza

78 Amagambo yaavuzwe na Bizimana J. D.,Umunyabanga Nshingwabikora wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) igihe cyo kwibuka Jenoside ku nshuro ya 23 3rd kuri MINECOFIN, Tariki 2 Kamena 2017 , biboneka kurubuga : http://cnlg.gov.rw/newsdetails/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1782&cHash=2bc0fd4572ad19905e8c99e50399aafc 79 Ibid. 80 Ibid.

54

ibicuruzwa hanze byari bigizwe n’intwaro , amasasu, ibikoresho bya gisirikari, imyenda na za gerenade n’ibindi.

Bigomba kumvikana ko ibyinshi mu byatumijwe hanze n’ibyaje byikorewe n’indege za

gisirikari hadakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gutumiza ibicuruzwa hanze cyangwa kugenzura niba

byarakurikije isabwa na Leta bigenderwaho. Ibi bisobanura impamvu ibikoresho nk’imodoka

n’ibikoresho bimwe byari bigenewe imitwe y’abasiviri ntabwo birenze miliyoni 83

z’amadorari.

N’kuko zimwe mu ntwaro zaguzwe hakozwe imishyikirano “ ibitaranyuze mu buryo

bw’imfashanyo za gisirikari byakorwaga hagati ya Leta n’ibigo byabagurisha intwaro biha-

riye”.81

Hagati aho mu 1992, abakozi ba Leta bacibwaga amafaranga ku mishahara yabo byakomeje

kugaragara ku ngengo y’imari ya Leta.

Ibi byakozwe na Minisitiri w’Imari ku mabwiriza ya Perezida wa Repubulika hagamijwe

kuzigama nibura miliyare 14,5 FRW yakoreshwaga mu gutera inkunga imitwe yitwaje

intwaro muri Kigali, Ruhengeri , Gisenyi na Byumba.82

4.4.2. Uburyo bw’imyishyuranire no gutumiza ibikoresho bya gisirikari

Mu 1991, 51% by’umusaruro wa Leta wakoreshejwe mu kwishyura ibikorwa bya gisirikari

ndetse n’ibikorwa bigera kuri 71% by’amafaranga y’ibicuruzwa na za serivisi.

Amafaranga yishyuwe mu byagisirikari agera kuri miliyoni 25.1 y’amadorari mu 1990 na

miliyoni 37.6 y’amadorari y’amarika mu 1991.

Kuva 1992 kugeza 1994, gutumiza ibikoresho bya gisirikari byariyongereye kurutaho

ugereranije n’izindi serivisi.

Ibicuruzwa bimwe byatumijwe hanze n’ibikomoka kuri peterori byakoreshejwe mu

kunganira gutera inkunga igisirikari n’imitwe y’abasiviri.83

81 Chossydovsky, M & Galand, P., Jenoside yo mu Rwanda . Ikoreshwa ry’umwenda w’u Rwanda wo hanze (1990-1994). Inshingano y’abaterankunga n’abatanze inguzanyo. Ubushakashatsi rusange , Mata 09, 2014, p. 4. 82 Chossydovsky & Galand, Jenoside yo mu Rwanda p, 14. 83 Ibid., 14

55

Abaterankunga batabizi, rimwe na rimwe bazibaga icyuho bagatanga amafaranga yage-

newe kwishyura amafaranga y’ibikorwa bya gisirikari.

Mu by’ukuri “96% by’icyuho cy’ingengo y’imari ya Leta cyazibwaga n’inkunga

y’amahanga”.

Kubera icyuho mu misoro , hari igihe “ Misiri yagurishije intwaro maze mukwishyura u

Rwanda rwohereza icyayi”.84 Uyu muco w’abaterankunga b’abanyamahanga wagaragaje

kwiyongera mu buryo bw’imyishyuranire kubera kutishyura amafaranga y’intwaro no

gushyigikira imitwe y’abasiviri. Abo baterankunga bari bazi neza ko hari ho gutera inkunga

igisirikari n’imitwe y’abasiviri harimo Ubufaransa, Ubuswisi,Kanada, Ostraliya, Ububiligi na

Leta z’unze Ubumwe za Amerika.85

4.4.3. Gufatira no kugabanya imishahara y’abakozi ba Leta

Nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, abakozi ba Leta baragabanutse mu 1992 kandi imishahara

yabo ikomeza kugaragara ku ngego y’imari ya Leta. Nk’uko Chossydovsky na Galand

bavuga “ Leta yasabwe kugabanya imishahara y’abakozi ”.86 Uwari Minisitiri

w’Igenamigambi yagiriye Leta inama yo kwirukana abakozi bamwe, abatari ngombwa mu

nzego zose za Leta n’imishinga kugira ngo Leta ishobore kuzigama miliyare z’amafaranga

yo kwishyura ibikorwa bya gisirikari no gutoza umutwe w’Interahamwe .87 Uwari umukozi

muri minisiteri y’abakozi yemeje ko : “[…guhera 1992 kugeza 1994, MINIFIN yategetse

kugabanya abakozi kandi imishahara yabo yakomeje kugaragara mu ngengo y’imari kandi

impamvu yari gukoresha amafaranga yafatiriwe mu gutoza imitwe y’interahamwe”.88

Ikindi yongeyeho ko :

“Ntibyari gufatira imishahara gusa ahubwo abakozi bamwe bahagaritswe mu buryo

bunyurajije n’amategeko cyane cyane abakozi b’Abatutsi n’abakozi bamwe b’Abahutu

batari bashyigikiye umwuka wa politiki wari mu gihugu ”.89

84Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na MRFM, mu mugi, Ukuboza 28, 2017 85 Chossydovsky & Galand, Jenoside y’u Rwanda ,P. 8. 86 Ibid., 8 87 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na NYAT I Nyamirambo, Ugushyingo 13, 2017. 88 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na UWIRMIF, Remera, Ugushyingo 13, 2017. 89 Ibid

56

Undi wahoze ari umukozi yavuze ko abagize uruhare mu gufatira imishahara y’abakozi ba

Leta ni minisiteri y’imari , minisiteri y’ingabo, minisiteri y’igenamigambi na minisiteri

y’umurimo.90 Ariko kandi uburyo bwa ruswa bwakozwe na Leta ya Habyarimana.

Ubwo butegetsi bubinyujije muri muri MINIFIN yazigamye amafaranga agera kuri miliyare

14.5 FRW yakoreshejwe mu gutera inkunga imitwe y’abicanyi. 91

Minisiteri y’Imari yasabye “amafaranga yihuse angana na miliyare 14.5 FRW iyasaba

BNR cyane cyane kwishyura ibikorwa by’imitwe y’abicanyi muri Kigali, Ruhengeri- Byum-

ba n’amafaranga y’ibikorwa bya tekiniki muri Minisiteri y’ingabo z’igihugu ”.92

4.4.4. Ingaruka ku gukoreshwa ry’amafaranga ya Leta mu kugura intwaro zo kwica

abaturage

Kunyereza inkunga yatanzwe n’amahanga byatumye hangirika ibice byinshi: uburezi, ubuzi-

ma, ibikorwa remezo n’ibindi.

Ntabwo kwari ukunyereza gusa ayo amafaranga hariho no gukata amafaranga bikozwe na

Ministeri y’imari hagamijwe gutera inkunga imitwe y’abasiviri.

Ibi byateje gucika intege kw’inzego za Leta , bigeza ku kugabanya umubare w’abakozi bit-

era amapfa mu gihugu.

Chossydovsky na Galand bagaragaza ko amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu ntambara yagize

uruhare runini ku cyuho o ku ngengo y’imari . Amafaranga yavuye kuri miliyare 3.4 FRW

mu 1990 kugera ku mafaranga miliyare 12.7 FRW mu yandi magambo icyuho cyazamutse

kuva ku 132% kugera 274% muri rusange.”93

Mu by’ukuri “ igipimo cy’ amafaranga y’ibikoresho na serivisi za gisirikari muri rusange

byavuye kuri 28% mu 1989 bigera kuri 60% na 71% mu 1991.

90 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na NGABMIF, Gikondo, Ugushyingo 12, 2017. 91 Chossydovsky & Galand, Jenoside yo mu Rwanda P, 8. 92 Ibid 93 Ibid.

57

Ikindi kandi , ibicuruzwa na servisi byavuye kuri miliyare 4.013 FRW mu 1989 agera kuri

miliyare 3,900 FRW cyangwa agabanuka kugeza kuri 2.8% hashingiwe ku guta agaciro

kugeza kuri 66.7%.”94

Ku rundi ruhande mu 1989 , igipimo rusange cy’amafaranga yatanzwe ku bikorwa bya gisiri-

kari byavuye kuri 14% kugeza kuri 26% kandi binagera kuri 38% mu 1991 . Mu mwaka

1989 , amafaranga yatangwaga mu bikorwa bya gisirikari buri gihe yari 14% y’umusaruro

wose, mu 1990 , yavuye kuri 1990 yageze kuri 37% agera kuri 51% mu 1991 y’umusaruro

wose w’igihugu.

4.5. Izahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Ingabo mu bikorwa byo gutumiza ahanze ibikoresho bya gisirikari

Ubutegetsi bwakoze Jenoside bwari bwarakomatanyirijwe kugura intwaro, bwatumije ibi-

koresho bitandukanye bya gisirikari bubinyujije mu nkunga itanzwe n’amahanga.

Leta yaguze imbunda zohereza ibisasu bya misire bya mirimetero 83 byakorewe mu Bufu-

ransa no mu Bubirigi. Yari ifite imbunda zifite urumuri zavuye mu Bubirigi n’Ubudage

n’imbunda ntoya zo mu bwoko bwa otomatike nka za kalachanikove zakorewe mu Misiri,

Ubushinwa n’Afurika Yepfo.

Butegetsi bwari bufite ibimodoka by’intambara 12 byo mu bwoko AML-60 n’ibimodoka

byakozwe mu Bufaransa byo mu bwoko bwa M3. Ibihugu byatanze cyane imbunda kuva

1990 kugeza 1994 n’Ubufaransa, Ububirigi, Afurika Yepfo, Misiri na Repubulika

y’Ubushinwa.95

Leta yakoze Jenoside yakoze imishyikirano itandukanye n’abaterankunga mu kuyobya

inkunga bayishyira mu gutegura Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

Nta gushidikanya kubera ko impamvu yagaragajwe mu buryo bukurikira:

94 Ibid. 95 Urubuga: https://www.globalresearch.ca/the-1994-rwandan-Genocide-the-use-of-rwandas-external-debt-1990-1994-the-responsibility-of-donors-and-creditors/5377229 - rwasuwe muri Nzeri 25, 2017

58

“Uburyo bwo kubona umwenda mu bihe bya 1990-1994 byari ibihe bidasanzwe

ugerenanije n’imyenda ya mbere. Imyenda ya Leta yahozeho ( 1990-1994) yakore-

shwaga cyane ku gutera inkunga ingabo n’imitwe y’abasiviri”.96

Umukino wo gutera inkunga wateguwe n’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Imari, Mr Benoit Ntigu-

rirwa n’abamubanjirije bose.

Michel Chossydovsky na Pierre Galand bavuga ko :

“Amafaranga y’abaterankunga yatumye ubutegetsi bubona ibikoresho bya gisirikari

mu gutegura no kubonera imitwe ibikoresho. Uretse ibyo kugura intwaro , uko gutumi-

za harimo ibyo kurya byo mudukopo, imyenda, amavuta, inzoga zo kunywa n’ibindi

bikenewe n’ingabo z’igihugu, imitwe y’abasiviri n’imiryango yabo”.97

Binyuze mu masezerno y’imikoranire , Misiri yatanze amadorari miliyoni esheshatu mu gihe

Ubushinwa bwateye inkunga umutwe w’interahamwe butanga inguzanyo itagira inyungu

ingana n’amadorari 1,500,000 USD.

Ibikoresho bya gisirikari byavuye mu Misiri byaguzwe bwa mbere bigenewe gukoresha

mu ntambara kuwa 24 Ukwakira, 1990 kugeza tariki 4 Mata 1991 ku madorari miliyoni

$10,861,000.

Kuva tariki 29 , 1990 kugeza Gicurasi , 29 , 1991, Afurika Yepfo yatanze intwaro zihwanye

n’amadorari 29,999,531 USD na miliyoni 26,236,685 USD yatanzwe nyuma gato, kandi

Afurika Yepfo yatanze amadorari miliyoni 56,263,217 USD .

Rwiyemeza mirimo wo muri Afurika Yepfo ni Nimrod International (Pty) Ltd. Amafaranga

yoherejwe mu gihe cya Leta yariho binyuze muri Banki yitwa la Belgolaise y’iburuseri na

Banki Nkuru ya Parisi ( BNP) yoherezwa kuri konti ya Nimrod International Ltd no kuri

Banki yitwa Volkskas Bank Ltd iba Pretoria.

Amafaranga yavuye mu Bubirigi n’Ubufaransa angana n’amafaranga y’ububirigi BF 96,

986,711 n’amafaranga y’ubufaransa FF 47, 887,804 (guhera 29 Ukwakira, 1990 kugeza

Kanama , 14, 1991)

96 Ibid 97 Chossydovsky & Galand, Jenoside y’u Rwanda yo 1994, P, 9.

59

Ibikoresho bya gisirikari byatanzwe n’Ubushinwa kuri Leta y’abicanyi harimo imbunda

nini zo mu bwoko bwa moritsiye -54, imbunda za mashini gani, ibibunda byinshi byohereza

misire za mirimetero 107 zo mu bwoko bwa -63, imbunda za mota zo mu bwoko bwa 53,

misire zo mu bwoko bwa 63, amasasu na gerenade.

Ibyaguzwe bitangwa n’Ubushinwa byakozwe hashingiwe ku masezerano y’imikoranire ya-

sinywe mu Kuboza 1989.98 Hepfo hari imbonerahamwe yatanzwe n’umuryango HRW

itanga inchamake y’ubwoko bw’intwaro zaguzwe na Minisiteri y’Imari :

Imbonerahamwe ya 6: Ubwoko bw’intwaro zaguzwe n’iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari

Nomer

o

Ubwoko

bw’intwaro

Umu-

bare

Amafrang

a

Uwabit-

anzwe/Umuterankunga

Igihe

1 Kalashani-

kove

450 U.S.$6

miliyoni

Misiri/Ubufaransa99 Werugwe

94

2 Rafare R-4 20,000 U.S.$5.9

miliyoni

Afurika Yepfo 19-

Ukwakira-

92

3 Rokete

zohereza

gerenade

2000 - Afurika Yepfo

4 Gerenade

zikoshwa

n’intki

20,000 - Afurika Yepfo Ukwakira-

93

5 Imbunda za

Moritsiye

16,000 - Misiri/Ubufaransa

6 Imbunda za

muzinga

zirasa kure

3,000 - Misiri/Ubufaransa

98 Chossydovsky & Galand, Jenoside yo m 1994 yo mu Rwanda, p. 10. 99 Banki yo mu Bufaransa yemeje kohereza amafanga yo kugura intwaro

60

Aho bivuye: Umuryango wa Human Rights Watch, 1994

Muri make binyuze muri nzego zayo ari zo Minisiteri y’Imari, Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi,

Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga na Minisiteri y’Ingabo, Leta yakoresheje amafaranga

y’igihugu mu kugura intwaro zo kwica abaturage.

Ibi byakozwe mu mezi make ku mugambi wihuse wo gutangiza Jenoside yakorewe Abatut-

si. Nta gushifdikanya, ibi bisobanura uburyo Abatutsi barenga miliyoni imwe bishwe munsi

y’amezi atatu, bigaragaza ko Jenoside yari yarateguwe igihe kirekire.

Iyi mbonehamwe yerekana ibigo na banki zagize uruhare mu bikorwa byo gutumiza

intwaro n’amafaranga ajyanye nabyo:

Imbonerahamwe ya 7: Ibigo na za banki byagize uruhare mu kugura intwaro za koreshejwe mu gukora ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi

Nomero Ikigo cyabigizemo uruhare

Banki Amadorari (USD) Igihe

1 Ikigo cyitwa British company MIL-TEC (London)

Banki yitwa la Banque Belgolaise

1,621,901 USD

2 Ikigo cyitwa Dyl Invest (Switzerland)

Banki mpzamahan-ga y’Ubucuruzi (Banque Internatio-nale de Commerce)

2,097,864 USD

3 Ikigo cyitwa Orien-tal Machinery (Chi-na)

Banki yitwa Banque Bruxelles Lambert

34,430,000 BEF Gicurasi 16 1994

4 Ikigo cyitwa Orien-tal Machinery (Chi-na)

Konti ya BNR muri Citibank

1,000,000 USD

5 Ikigo cyitwa Alcatel France and GME International (Paris)

Banki yitwa Banque y’ubufaransa ba Banki Nkuru ya Parisi (BNP).

FRF 2,072,532,895 Gicurasi –Kanama 1994

6 Ambasade y’u Rwanda ya Leta yahungiye Kinshasa mu yahoze ari Za-yire

Ikigo cyitwa Gen-eral de Banque

157,864 USD August 31 1994

Aho byavuye : Chossydovsky na Galand, 2014, p. 16.

61

Imbonerahamwe ya ruguru yerekana ibigo na banki byagize uruhare mu korohereza

ybutegetsi bwakoze Jenoside kugura intwaro n’amasasu yakoreshejwe mu kwica Abatutsi

mu 1994.

Imbonerahamwe kandi yerekana amafarang a yakoreshejwe. K’urundi ruhande ibihugu nka

Misiri, Afurika Yepfo n’Ubushinwa byatanze umubare munini w’imbunda ntoya

n’amasasu binyuze muri za ambasade z’u Rwanda, Pretoria, Kayiro na Kinshasa. Ikindi kan-

di Chossydovsky na Galand bavuga ko :

“ Hagendewe ku cyemezo cyo gukomatanyirizwa , abayobozi ba Leta ya Leta y’Afurika

Yepfo boherezaga intwaro mu Rwanda bagize uruhare mu gutegura no kohereza

intwaro ku zahoze ari ngabo z’u Rwanda”.

Mu bihe byinshi , byakozwe binyuze mu b’indi bihugu cyane Misiri, Afurika Yepfo n’abari

abayobozi b’iyahoze yitwa Zayire.100 Mu 1991 u Rwanda rwasinye amasezerano na Misiri

aho rwatanze icyayi mu gihe Misiri ashoboraga gutanga intwaro iziha Leta y’abacanyi.

Amasezerano yakomeje gushyirwa mu bikorwa kugeza Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatut-

si.101

4.5.1. Ubugambanyi bwakozwe n’iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’imari n’Ibigo Mpuzama-

hanga by’Imari n’ Abaterankunga bakomoka mu burengarazuba bw’isi mu gutanga

intwaro ku butegetsi bwakoze Jenoside

Ibigo Mpuzamahanga by’Imari n’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba bw’isi byateye inkunga mu ku-

gura intwaro zahaye abahoze ari ngabo z’igihugu n’imitwe y’abasiviri – interahamwe .

Koroherezwa kubona amafranga byakozwe muri Kamena 1991 n’’Ikigo Mpuzamahanga

cy’Iterambere ( IDA) , Ikigega Nyafurika cy’Iterambere ( ADF) , Ibigega by’Iterambere

by’Uburayi n’abandi baterankunga barimo Ositrari, Ubuswisi, Ubudage, Letra Zunze

Ubumwe bw’Amerika, Ububirigi na Kanada. Aya mafaranga yatanzwe rw’ihisha hitwaje gu-

tera inkunga ibikorwa by’ubukungu ku baturage.102

Abaterankunga batanze amafanga bazi neza ko agenewe ibikorwa bya gisirikari mu

gukumira ibitero bya FPR.

100 Chossydovsky & Galand, Jenoside yo 1994 yo mu Rwanda , p. 18. 101 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na MR1217, mu mugi , Ukuboza 28, 2017 102 Ibidem, p. 12

62

Nyamara, yatanzwe nk’inkunga igenewe gukemura ibibazo bijyanye n’uburyo

bw’imyishyuranire . Amafaranga amwe yatanzwe k’ubufatanye bwa IDA binyuze mu

masezerano y’inguzanyo hamwe n’Ububirigi n’Ubusuwisi hagamijwe kuvugurura in-

guzanyo.

Aba baterankunga bakoze ingendo eshanu z’ubugenzuzi hagati ya Kamena 1991

n’Ukwakira 1993 ariko raporo zabo ntizakurikije amabwiriza ya Banki y’Isi muri Gahunda

y’Igenzura ry’Ivugururwa ry’ Inzego no gukurikirana iyo gahunda .

Iyo aya mabwiriza akurikizwa, amafaranga menshi yariguhagarikwa kubera impamvu zo

gutumiza intwaro , amasasu n’imipanga ku bwinshi. Michel Chossydovsky na Pierre Galand

bemera ko icyo cyemezo cyari gutuma habaho gufunga konti yihariye muri Banki Lamberi

y’I Buruseri yanyujijweho amafaranga yo kugura intwaro yakoreshejwe mu gukora ub-

wicanyi muri Mata 1994.103

Igitangaje, nta bugenzuzi bwihariye bwakozwe mu 1993 na 1994. Kubera y’uko aba bat-

erankunga bari bazi neza ko amafaranga yarimo gukoreshwa hitwajwe ko ari ugushyigikira

iterambere ry’imibereho n’ubukungu bw’Igihugu.

Ntagitangaje ko “ amafanga yashyizwe kuri konti yihariye mbere y’Ukuboza 1993 iri muri

Banki Lamberi y’i Buruseri n’ubwo yakoreshejwe n’ubutegetsi kugeza Gicurasi ,30 1994.104

4.5.2. Iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari mu bikorwa binyuranije n’amategeko/ bitemewe

byo kwaka inguzanyo hagamijwe kugura intwaro zo gukora Jenoside

Minisiteri yagize uruhare mu gufata imyenda ishishana yatanzwe n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari na Banki y’Isi.

Ibi bigo mpuzzamahanga by’imari byatanze imyenda inyuranije n’amategeko kuri iyo

Leta y’u Rwanda binyuze muri Minisiteri y’Imari yakoreshwaga mu gutera inkunga ikor-

wa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.105 Benjamin Lemoine asobanura ko :

“Ntabwo ari abaturage benshi bazi ko ingabo z’Abafaransa zari mu butumwa mu

Rwanda kwari ugufasha kubona inyandikozo zose muri Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda no

kuzohereza muri kontenere I Goma muri Repubulika ihanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, ku- 103 Chossydovsky &Galand, Jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo 1994, p. 14. 104 Chossydovsky na Galand, Jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo 1994, p. 15. 105 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe ’uwahoze ari umukozi wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, Nyamirambo, ugushyingo 13, 2017

63

buza abayobozi bashya kubona ibimenyetso byanditse byerekana uburyo bukomeye

bw’inkunga Ubufaransa bwateye ubutegetsi bya Juvenal Habyarimana yakoze Jeno-

side".106

Michel Chossudovsky avuga ko mu gihe Laurent-Désiré Kabila yatangizaga intambara yo

kurwanya Mobutu mu 1996 yatangiriye mu burasirazuba bwa Congo,Leta y’u Rwanda iriho

ubu yashoboraga gutahura aho kontineri yajyanwe n’abasirikari b’Abafaransa bari Goma

kandi yaje kugarurwa i Kigali.

Mu by’ukuri, Komiti ishinzwe kuvanaho imyenda itemewe yari iyobowe na Michel

Chossudovsky na Pierre yakoresheje inyandiko mu kutagaragaza uruhare rw’Ubufaransa

mu gutera inkunga Leta yariho mu kubona imyenda inyuranije n’amategeko yakoreshwaga

mu kugura intwaro zo gukora Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hamwe no gutera inkunga abasi-

rikari b’Abafaransa mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside.107

Mu 1995, Komiti ishinzwe gukuraho imyenda itemewe( CADTM) yaje mu Rwanda kureba

imyenda inyuranije n’amategeko n’uburyo yakoreshejwe mu kugura intwaro za koreshejwe

muri Jenoside n’ikikorwa cy’ingabo z’Abafaransa muri Tirikwaze “Opération Turquoise”.

Komiti ishinzwe gukuraho imyenda itemewe( CADTM yahuye n’abandi bayobozi ba Leta

iriho ubu cyane cyane abo muri BNR na Minisiteri y’Imari ariko abatanze inguzanyo nti-

babishakaga na gato ubwo bugenzuzi .

Kuva Leta y’Ubumwe bw’Igihugu yashakaga cyane kumenya ukuri, mu ntangiriro za 1996,

Komiti ishinzwe gukuraho imyenda itemewe( CADTM) yatangiye umurimo w’ubugenzuzi

uyobowe n’Umunyakanada Michel Chossudovsky n’umubirigi witwa Pierre Galand.

Mu gihe Leta iriho ubwo yashakaga umucyo ku byabaye igihe Ikigega Mpuzamahanga

cy’Imari na Banki y’Isi bahaga u Rwanda imyenda idakurikiji amategeko yakoreshejwe mu

kugura intwaro za gukora Jenoside, Benjamin Lemoine yavuze ko Washingitoni na Parisi

hamwe n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari na Banki y’Isi bose bemeranije neza ko :

106 Benjamin L., Amateka kuri politiki zibuzanya imyenda ya komiti ishinzwe gukuraho imyenda itemewe, Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na Eric Toussaint kuwa 12 Kanama 21, 2016, Umuvugizi n’umwe mubashinze umurongo mpuzamahanga wa komiti ishinzwe gukuraho imyenda itemewe 2016, p. 1. 107 Chossudovsky, M. na Galand, P., Ikoreshwa ry’umwenda w’amahanga ku Rwanda (1990-1994). Inshingano y’Abaterankunga n’Abatanze inguzanyo. Raporo y’Ibanze . Otawa na Bu-ruseri , Ugushyingo 1996.

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“Nti murushye muvuga amabanga yose! Mu guceceka kwanyu, turagabaniriza u Rwan-

da umwenda dukoresheje tuganga umurongo munini w’inguzanyo mu Kigega Mpu-

zamahanga cy’Imari na Banki y’Isi. Tuzagabanya amafanga yo kwishyura inguzanyo

kandi tuzatanga avanse yo kuyishyura dukoresheje inguzanyo nshya.”108

Umwanditsi avuga ko ibya byari bibabaje cyane kubera Leta iriho itashakaga na busa

kwishyura imyenda inyuranije n’amategeko ahubwo ko imyenda yakoreshejwe mu kwica

abanyarwanda mu gihe abatanze inguzanyo baribazi ko amafaranga yakoreshwaga mu ku-

gura intwaro, amasasu no gutoza ingabo zakoze Jenoside.

Michel Chossudovsky avuga ko “RPF yiyemeje kwemera burundu iyo “imyenda ibabaje

“ yo mu gihe cya 1990-1994”.109

4.5.3. Iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Ingabo mu gukorana na banki zo

mu bufaransa na za ambasade zari iz’u Rwanda mu mafaranga atemewe

Leta y’uwahoze ari Perezida Habyarimana binyuze muri Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri

y’Ingabo yakoranye na banki zitandukanye zo mu bufaransa mu guha intwaro abakoze

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ku rundi ruhande, abari bahagarariye u Rwanda hanze bagize uruhare rukomeye mu gufasha

kugura izo ntwaro haba mu bihugu by’Afurika cyangwa mu bihugu by’iburengerazuba.

Izi ambasade zirimo Parisi, Kinshasa, Kayiro na Nayirobi. Ibi bikorwa byanduye byo gushaka

amafaranga na banki zo mu bufaransa zafashije kugura imbunda za rutura mu Bufaransa no

mu bindi bihugu nka Misiri, Afurika Yepfo n’Ibirwa bya Seyisheri.

Amafaranga yasohokaga hakoreshejwe konti zihariye muri Banki y’Ubufaransa na Banki

Nkuru ya Parisi (BNP).

Nyuma kandi, aya “mafaranga yakoreshejwe mu bintu bitandukanye mu kwishyura ibigo

bibiri byo mu bufaransa: Alcatel na GME international ( Parisi).

108 Ibid, p. 2. 109 Chossydovsky, Jenoside yakoreshejwe ubukungu bw’u Rwanda: Ihurizwa hamwe ry’ubukene na gahunda y’imiyoborere mishya y’Isi , Ubushakashatsi rusange, 2003, Paperback( Icapiro rya mbere 1997], 5.

65

Muri rusange miliyari ebreri z’amafaranga y’ubufaransa ( FRF 2,072,532,895) yoherejwe

cyangwa yasohotse binyuze kuri izo konti hagati ya Gicurasi na Kanama 1994.”110 Alcatel

ni ikigo gikomeye gikora intwaro mu gihe ikigo GME international gikora ubucuruzi

bw’intwaro.

Ku isonga, hariho amafaranga yaturutse mu bindi bihugu yakoreshwaga mu kugura intwaro

mu bufaransa.

Urugero , miliyoni 1,3 y’amadorari aturutse Banki y’u Busuwisi yitwa Ihuriro ry’Amabanki

y’Igenga( UBP) yatanzwe n’uhagarariye u Rwanda mu Busuwisi.111

Bizimana Jean-Damascène avuga ko:

“Leta yakoresheje […] za amabasade aho zagombaga kohereza amafanga yihishe in-

yuma y’amayeri yo gutera inkunga ibikorwa byabo kandi ko hagombaga koherezwa

amafaranga ku bashinzwe kugura intwaro[…] hagati ya Mata 20 na 25 1994, ambasade

y’u Rwanda i Kayiro yatanze sheki iriho amadorari y’amerika $4,126,310, ubu ntib-

wari uburyo busanzwe bwo kwishyura amafaranga ku rwego nk’uru”.112

Ikindi kandi , iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari yohereje amadorari miliyoni 4.126.310 $ kuri

amabasade y’ u Rwanda i Kayiro kandi amafaranga yabikujwe na Jean Baptiste Zikamaba-

hari wakoraga nk’Umunyabanga akaba n’umurwanashyaka w’ishyaka ryari k’ubutegetsi

Ayo mafaranga kandi yoherejwe kugura intwaro mu birwa bya Seyisheli no mu Bushin-

wa.113 Ibi bikorwa byabaye kuva Mutarama kugeza Nyakanga 1994.114

Ku rundi ruhande iyahoze ari Leta y’u Rwanda, ibikorwa byo kugura intwaro byari biyobowe

n’uwahoze ari Minisiti Ndindabahizi Emmanuel, Koloneri Bagosora Théoneste (wahoza ari

Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo ) kuva 1992 kugeza 1994.

110 Ibid. 6. 111 Ibid. 6. 112 Urubuga : http://cnlg.gov.rw/newsdetails/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1782&cHash=2bc0fd4572ad19905e8c99e50399aafc – rwasuwe kuwa 13 Ugushyingo , 2017.

.113 Amagambo yavuzwe na Bizimana. Wavuzwe haruguru; 114 Alusala, N., Guha u Rwanda intwaro na Jenoside , Ikinyamakuru cyandika ku mutekano w’Afurika P, 13 (2004): pp.3-7.

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Ku ruhande rw’ubufaransa, ibikorwa byari bishinzwe Kapitene Paul Barril,115 Lieutenant

Koroneri Jean-Jacques Maurin116na General Jacques Lanxade117, n’abandi. Kandi ambasade

z’u Rwanda i Kayiro, Parisi zagize uruhare runini mu kugura intwaro .

Ibi bikorwa byose bitemewe byayoborwaga n’abantu ba hafi ya Perezida cyangwa agatsiko

kamwegereye bya hafi kitwaga Akazu.118

Uku kugura intwaro byakozwe hanze y’uburyo busanzwe bw’ibikorwa bya Leta .

Imishyikirano ntiyanyuraga mu masezerano y’inkunga mu bya gisirikare ahubwo bya-

korwaga mu bahuza batandukanye n’abacuruzi b’intwaro bigenga.

Amafaranga yoherejwe n’ambasade y’u Rwanda mu Misiri yohererejwe Peter EHLERS wo

mu gihugu cy’Afurika Yepfo kugira ngo agure intwaro. Nyamara , u Rwanda rwaguze

intwaro, zipakirwa mu ndege za Zayire zigwa mu mugi wa Goma. Zihageze, intwaro zat-

wawe k’umupaka w’u Rwanda na Congo maze zakirwa na Liyetona Koroneri Anatole

Nsengiyumva n’abasirikare ayobora bo mu ngabo zari iza Leta – EX FAR. Hose hamwe ,

Afurika Yepfo yakiriye amadorari y’amerika 330,000 $ avuye muri ubwo bucuruzi .119

115. Niwe wakoze ubugenzuzi ku zahoze ari Ingabo z’u Rwanda - ex-FAR. Ku mabwiriza y’abategetsi b’ubufaransa, yagizwe umujyanama wa Perezida Habyarimana guhera 1990 kugeza igihe cya Jenoside yo 1994. Yatoje kandi ingabo kabuhariwe za Leta yariho kandi yarabimberwaga uwo murimo. 116. Yari yungirije ushinzwe ibikorwa kuwari ushinzwe ingabo muri ambasade y’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda guhera 1992 kugeza 1994 kandi yari Umujyanama w’Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda. Yateguraga ibikorwa bya buri munsi by’intambara mu ngabo zari iza Leta( FAR) kandi-yahuzaga ibikorwa mu bwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi muri Kigali ariko cyane cyane muri Komini Kanombe. 117. Guhera Mata 1989 kugeza Mata 1991, yari Umugaba Mukuru wihariye w’Ingabo igihe cya Pe-rezida Francois Mitterrand kandi akaba Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo guhera Mata 1991 kugeza Nzeli 1995. Igihe cya Perezida w’Ubufaransa , uwo mugenerari yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kuyobora ingabo z’ubufaransa mu Rwanda kuva 1990 kugeza 1991 mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside. Ubwicanyi bwinshi bwibasiye inyoko muntu bwakozwe ari we ubitegetse. Yatanze kandi ibikoresho, abakozi bogutoza ingabo z’ubufaransa mu Rwanda n’izahoze ari ngabo z’u Rwanda –EX FAR. Mu 1991 . In 1991, yasuye u Rwanda kandi akorana inama n’abayobozi b’ingabo z’ubufaransa n’abategetsi b’u Rwanda kubijyanye no gushyiraku buryo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wabo wo kurwanya abanzi babo b’abatutsi. 118 Amagambo yavuzwe na Bizimana, op. cit. 119 Amagambo yavuzwe na Bizimana, op cit.

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4.5.3.1. Kwakira intwaro: inzira intwaro zanyuragamo n’ababigizemo uruhare

Igihugu cyari mu gihano cyo gukomatanyirizwa kugura intwaro, ubutegetsi bwakoze Jenoside

izahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Ingabo zatumije intwaro n’amasasu binyuze

mu bihugu n’ababigizemo uruhare batandukanye.120 Ababigizemo uruhare bari ku isonga ni

Leta y’Abafaransa n’abasirikari babo , n’iyahoze ari Leta ya Zayire n’Afurika Yepfo.

Ababigizemo uruhare b’Abafaransa harimo umusirikari w’umufaransa, Captain Paul Barril

n’undi muturage w’umufaransa witwa Dominique Yves Lemonier wahuzaga ibikorwa

by’ubucuruzi butemewe binyuze mu zahoze ari ambasade z’u Rwanda mu Misiri, Kenya,

Zayire n’Afurika Yepfo.

Hagati ya Gicurasi na Kamena 1994, Leta y’Ubufaransa yatanze indege eshanu zuzuye

intwaro ku yahoze ari Leta y’ u Rwanda nk’uko byemezwa n’ubuhamya bwa Visi Perezida

( w’icyubahiro) w’ubufaransa wari I Goma , Jean Claude Urbano.

Intwaro zakiriwe binyuze i Goma ku kibuga cy’indege maze zitwarwa mu Rwanda

zinyuze i Goma k’umupaka zikomeza mu mugi wa Gisenyi ku butaka bw’u Rwanda.121

Intwaro zakirwaga na Koroneri Théoneste Bagosora na Liyetona Koroneri Anatole Nsengi-

yumva.122 Ku kibuga cy’indege cya Goma niho zacaga mu gihe cy’ingabo z’Abafaransa

“ Tirikwaze”.

Ibinyuranije n’ibi hari umwanzuro 918 w’umuryango w’akanama k’abibumbye wabuzaga

kugurisha intwaro u Rwanda ndetse na nyuma yo gutsindwa kwa Leta yakoze Jenoside.123

Nyamara kandi umuryango mpuzamahanga wananiwe gufata icyemezo gikwiye cyo kubuza

itangwa ry’intwaro k’uko icyemezo cya LONI cyo gukomatanyiriza kugura intwaro cyari

kigifite agaciro.

Bivugwa ko iyahoze ari Leta ya Zayire yanze gutanga intwaro kandi kuzakira byakorwaga

binyuze ku kibuga cy’indege cya Goma, umushinga w’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira

bwa muntu ( HRW) ugaragaza ko kuva Mata 10-28 , 1994 hagati “ y’indege 10 na 12 zaza- 120 Chossydovsky na Galand, Jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo 1994 , p. 18. 121 Chossydovsky na Galand, Jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo 1994 ,p. 20 122 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umuturage ujijutse, Remera, 11 Ugushyingo 2017 n’urubuga : http://cnlg.gov.rw/newsdetails/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1782&cHash=2bc0fd4572ad19905e8c99e50399aafc – rwasuwe kuwa 13 Ugushyingo, 2017. 123 Ibid., 18

68

naga intwaro zivuye mu gihugu cya Burugariya zikanyura Goma zizanywe n’indege ntoya

yakorewe mu Burusiya” kandi ibi byemejwe na Robin Cook, wahoze ari Minisitiri

w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’Ubwongereza wageze Goma kuri 24 Werurwe , 1995.124

Hashingiwe kuri raporo y’umuryango mpuzamahanga wita k’uburenganzira bwa muntu(

Amnesty International), izi ntwaro zakomeje koherezwa kugeza na nyuma ya Jenoside muri

Gicurasi hagati 1995.

Urugero muri Mata 4, 1995, indege eshatu zipakiye intwaro n’amasasu zaguye ku kibuga

cy’indege cya Goma. Indege yakoreshejwe yari yanditseho igihugu cya Ikerene yo mu

bwoko bwa antonove 124 yarigenewe gutwara amavuta akomoka kuri peterori i Kayiro mu

Misiri na Jedda mu gihugu cya Arabiya Sawudite.

Izi ntwaro zakiriwe n’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Rwanda , Jean Kambana

n’uwahoze ari umukuru w’interahamwe, Jean Baptise Gatete.125

Mu gushyingo 1994, abapilote bane bakorera ikigo cyo mu Bwongereza bemeje ku mugara-

garo ko cyakoresheje indege enye zitwaye intwaro ntoya, cyane cyane gerenade zo zikore-

shwa n’intoki ,imbunda ntoya n’amasasu biturutse mu bushinwa n’uburusiya biturutse muri

Isirayeli n’igihugu cya Arubaniya zigwa i Goma muri Mata 1994.

Indege yo mu bwoko bwa bowingi 707 yanditsweho igihugu cya Nigeria kandi ikoreshwa

na kompanyi yo muri Gana ikorera mu Bwongereza nayo yatwaye toni 36.5 by’intwaro

n’amasasu.126

Mbere yo kwakira intwaro i Gisenyi, zabikwaga ahantu hahishwe hashyizweho ku mumupa-

ka w’ibihugu byombi Zayire n’u Rwanda hagati y’ibirometero 5 na 7 imbere muri Zayire.

Ahantu intwaro zahishwaga hari muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga hafi y’umupaka ahagana

mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda. Muri zo harimo imbunda zo mu bwoko bwa mashinigani M60

z’abafaransa, imbunda zo mu bwoko bwa AK47 n’amasasu yo mu bwoko bwa 7.62 yo gihugu

cy’Afurika Yepfo.127

124 Umushinga w’Umuryango uhanira uburenganzira bw’umuntu( HRW), "Rwanda/Zayire: kongera gutanga intwaro no kudahana ", Washington, Gicurasi 1995. 125 Ibid. 126 Ibid. 127 Ibid., 3.

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Yewe na nyuma y’uko Jenoside irangiye yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi , hagati muri Nyakanga

1994 n’Ukuboza 1994, abasirikari b’iyahoze ari Leta y’abicanyi n’umutwe w’interahamwe

bakomeje guhabwa intwaro na Leta y’Ubufaransa.

Urugero , umushinga w’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa kiremwa muntu ( HRW)

werekanye ko hagati y’indege 10 na 12 zipakiye intwaro zatanzwe ziva mu gihugu cya Bu-

rugariya ziza i Goma ziri mu ndege nto ( Karigo) yo mu gihugu cy’Uburusiya ( Russian Il-

yushin) zihagera ku muri Mata, 10 , 1995 kandi gutanga intwaro kwarakomezaga kugeza

muri Gicurasi hagati , 1995 hashize igihe kinini Jenoside yararangiye. Urugero, gukurikirana

ubwo bucuruzi bw’intwaro byakorwaga na Koroneri Bagosora Theoneste.128

4.5.3.2. Ubujura bw’amafanga y’ingoboka

Chossydovsky na Galand muri raporo y’ubugenzuzi bwabo ku birebana n’ibigo

by’abaterankunga n’ibihugu byagize uruhare mu gufasha iyo Leta mu bikorwa byo kugura

intwaro zakoreshejwe mu gukora Jenoside yakorewe Abatutisi igaragaza uburyo iyahoze ari

Minisiteri y’Imari na BNR hamwe n’ishami ryihariye ry’izahoze ari ingabo za Leta – EX

FAR bibye amafanga y’ingoboka muri banki nkuru y’igihugu.129 Uwahoze ari umukozi wa

BNR yagaragaje ko :

“Kwiba amafaranga y’ingoboka byari byoroshye kubera ko bari bafite uburyo bwo

gusambagurika ariko cyane cyane bari bafite gukomeza gutera inkunga intambara yo

gukora Jenoside bafite icyizere ko bashobora kwigarurira Igihugu n’ubwo bari

batsinzwe.130

Uwari umukozi muri MINIFIN yemeranije n’uwahoze ari umukozi wa BNR bavuga ko:

“ Niba barakoresheje Igihugu n’amafaranga y’abaterankunga mu kugura imbunda zo

kwica Abatutsi; kwiba amafaranga y’ingoboka nyuma yo gutsindwa nti byashoboraga

kutabaho [..] kubera ko bagombaga gukomeza kubaho mu buhungiro.131

128 Ibid., 1-5.

129 Chossydovsky na Galand, Jenoside yo mu 1994 yo mu Rwanda, p. 15 130 Ikiganiro cyatanze n’uwahoze ari umukozi wa BNR, Nyamirambo, Ugushyingo 16, 2017 131 Ikiganiro cyatanze n’uwahoze ari umukozi wa MINFIN, mu mugi, Ugushyingo 15, 2017

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Ikindi, mu gihe Leta yatsindwaga ikambuka mu yahoze ari Zayire, bagambanye na

z’ambasade kandi banyereza amafanga yari mu bihugu by’amahanga nka Kenya , Tanza-

niya, Zayire n’Ubuhorande.132

4.6. Ubugambanyi bwakozwe na Leta ya Habyarimana hamwe na Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi

Ibyegera bya Perezida muri politiki n’umuryango we bari bafite ijambo mu igenamigambi

n’itegurwa rya Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ni muri uru rwego , bakoresheje izahoze ari minisiteri mu gushyiraho abaminisitiri basho-

boraga kumvikanisha impamvu yabo, cyane mu gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda ya Jenoside.

Byari mu rwego rwa politiki kuko abari aba misitiri bose bakoranye n’ iyahoze ari Minisiteri

y’Imari na Minisiteri y’ Igenamigambi bashyizweho cyane cyane bishyira 1992.

Kuva Igihugu kiyoborwa mu buryo bw’ishyaka rimwe rukumbi , abaministiri bose mu

zahoze ari minisiteri zombi bashoboraga kuba bashyigikiye bikomeye ishyaka ryari

k’ubutegetsi –MRND .

Kandi imikorere y’izo minisiteri zombi yarangwaga n’ingengabiterezo ya politiki y’ivangura

moko no kwanga Abatutsi ku rwego rwa ministeri no ku rwego rw’amashami.

Amashami ya Minisiteri n’udushami duto byahabwaga abarwanashyaka bakomeye ba

MRDN cyane cyane abakomoka mu majya ruguru y’u Rwanda aho Perezida ari akunzwe.

Perezida yagenzuraga ubuyobozi bwaba ubw’izo minisiteri zombi kandi ubuyobozi bwa

minisiteri bwagombaga kumenyesha Perezida n’umunyabanga mukuru wa MRND uburyo

ingenga biterezo ya MRND yabaga ishyirwa mu bikorwa muri izi minisiteri, by’ibuze buri

cyumweru. Ibi byaterwaga n’uko perezidanse yari urwego rukuru rya MRND.

Mu 1991, Itegeko nshinga ry’u Rwanda ryarahinduwe kandi Igihugu cyemeje amashyaka

menshi. Ni muri icyo gihe za minisiteri zahawe amashyaka atandukanye.

Ku bw’iyo mpamvu, mu 1992, Ministeri y’Imari yakuwe kuri MRND maze ihabwa PSD

n’aho Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi igumanwa na MRND.

132 Ibid

71

4.6.1. Ababaye Abaminisitiri ba MINIFIN guhera Ukwakira 26, 1960 kugeza Nyakanga

14 , 1994

Aka gace kavuga ku baminisitiri batandukanye bigeze gushingwa imicungire y’iyahoze ari

Minisiteri y’Imari guhera 1960 kugeza Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

4.6.1.1. Cyimana Gaspard (Ukwakira 26, 1960 – Kamena 12, 1968)

Cyimana Gaspard yakomokaga muri Perefegitura ya hoze ari Prefecture Gitarama kandi

yari umurwanashyaka ukomeye w’ishyaka rya pilitiki MDR-PARMEHUTU ryayoboye igi-

hugu mu buryo bw’ishyaka rimwe rukumbi igihe cya Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda

GUHERA 1962 kugeza Kamena 12, 1973. Yabaye Minisitiri w’Imari, Ubukungu

n’Igenamigambi guhera 26 Ukwakira 1961 kugeza Kamena 12 , 1968.

Yapfuye yarashatse kandi yari afite abana 5.

Umwe mu bana be yitwa Thierry Kayitankore Cyimana, yabaye umuyobozi Mukuru w’ikigo

gitwara abagenzi cyitwaga SOTRA Tours. Afungiye muri gereza ya Mageregere gukora

ibyaha bifitanye isano n’ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi burimo amanyanga. Yabaye kandi se wa

Rumanyika , umunyarwanda w’umucuruzi .133

Mu gihe Cyimana Gaspard yakoraga , Minisiteri yakoraga ishingiye ku karere n’ivangura

ry’amako byari inking y’Ingengabiterezo by’ishyaka rya MDR- PARMEHUTU.

Na none kandi, ivangura rishingiye k’ubwoko ryarabonekaga naryo hamwe aho mu nzego za-

yoborwaga.

Abakozi ba minisiteri bagombaga gushyirwaho hagendewe kw’ishyaka rya MDR-

PARMEHUTU. Ibi byemejwe n’umwe mu babajijwe ufite umuvandimwe wakoraga muri

iyo minisiteri wavuze ati:

“Icyo gihe , minisiteri yayoborwaga hagendewe ku murongo w’ingengabiterezo y’ishyaka

MRD-PARMEHUTU yarishingiye ku bwoko n’akarere . iyo ngenga bitekerezo hazega Aba-

tutsi mu kubona imirimo mu yahoze ari minisiteri ariko kandi no mu bigo bya Leta . Byari

133 Inyandi zo mu bubiko by’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda, yasuwe mu Ukuboza 1, 2017.

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bigoye no ku Bahutu bakomoka mu z’indi perefegitura kuba bahabwa akazi – Abari

bitaweho bari abakomokaga muri Perefegitura yahoze ari Gitarama na Butare ”.134

Ku mpamvu z’umutekano ,uwabajijwe witwa GMCH yabyemeje mu magambo make ati:

“Igihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Cyimana, byari umuziro guha akazi Umututsi kabone n’ubwo

bamwe muri bo bari barize kurusha bagenzi babo b’Abahutu […] ku mpamvu z’uko

ibibazo bya politiki byo mu 1959 byari bigamije kumaraho Abatutsi. Ishyaka rya MDR-

PARMEHUTU ryari inyuma y’ibyo bibazo ryakwirakwije uwo murongo w’i

ngengabiterezo ishingiye ku kwanga Abatutsi kugeza igihe cya nyuma y’ubwigenge

[…].”135

Ababajijwe haruguru bagaragaza ko “ imirimo Abatutsi bari bafite iri hagati ya 1% na

2%%”. Byari bishingiye ku rwango rwakorerwaga Abatutsi aho ibihe bakoragamo

n’umwuka byarangwaga no kubura amahoro, ubwoba, kutigirira icyizere, guterwa ub-

woba no kwangwa . Uwabajijwe ufite se wakoze muri iyo minisiteri , nawe yasobanuye

umwuka Abatutsi bakoreragamo waranzwe no “ gusuzuguzwa no gutukwa nabi byako-

rerwaga abakozi b’Abatutsi ” kandi Abatutsi bagerega gato kuri 2% by’abakozi

bose ”.136

Minisiteri ntiyarangwaga gusa n’uburyo bwo gusuzugura Abatutsi ahubwo abakozi bamwe

b’Abahutu batakomokaga mu bice byo hagati y’igihugu nabo kwari uko. Umwe mu baba-

jijwe yavuze ko “ n’abakozi b’Abahutu bamwe bari bibasiwe kubera akarere bakomokaga-

mo ku mpamvu z’uko abo mu gice cyo hagati y’igihugu nibo bari bitaweho”. Minisiteri

yashyizeho uburyo bwo kubabazwa, gutesha umutwe , ubwoba no kubabaza abakozi

b’Abatutsi n’Abahutu bamwe batari bashyigikiye Ingengabiterezo y’ishyaka rya MDR-

PARMEHUTU .

134 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na GMCH mu mugi, Ugushyingo, 6, 2017 135 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na GMCH mu mugi, Ugushyingo 6, 2017 136 Ibid

73

4.6.1.2. Nzanana Fidèle (Kamena 12, 1968 – Gashyantare 21, 1972)

Nzanana Fidèle yavukiye mu yahoze ari Komini Kivumu , Perefegitura ya

Kibuye.137Yabaye Minisitiri w’Imari kuwa 12 Kamena, 1968,kugeza 12

Gashyantare, 1972 k’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Gregoire Kayibanda.138 Yishwe

hamwe n’abandi ba nyapolitiki hagati ya 1973 na 1976. Aba banyapolitiki bari

aba Leta ya Kayibanda kandi benshi baturukaga Kibuye,Gikongoro na Butare.139

Igihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Nzanana cyaranzwe no gushyira imbere ivangura rishingiye ku

bwoko,, n’ironda karere muri Minisiteri. Minisiteri yayoborwaga ishingiye gusa ku bwoko

n’ironda karere. Mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwe nka Minisitiri , Abatutsi bari bahejwe mu buryo

bweruye mu itangwa ry’imirimo mu gihe Abahutu bakomoka I Gitarama na Butare bari

bashyizwe imbere mu guhabwa imirimo no guhabwa andi mahirwe mu yahoze ari Min-

isitiri .140

4.6.1.3. Majoro Ntibitura Bonaventure (Nyakanga 5, 1973 – Kanama 1, 1973)

Tariki 5, Nyakanga 1973, Majoro General Juvénal Habyarimana yafashe

ubutegetsi binyuze mu kumena amaraso kandi Leta ya mbere yaritwaga ko ari

“ Komiti ishinzwe kugarura Amahoro n’Ubumwe bw’Igihugu”( yitwaga Inshuti

zo kuwa 5 Nyakanga)

Umukuru wa kudeta yashyizeho Majoro Ntibitura Bonaventure nka Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi ,

Amabuye y’Agaciro n’Inganda kongeraho Imari guhera tariki Nyakanga kugeza tariki ya

1 Kanama 1973.141 Majoro Ntibitura ubu abarizwa mu gihugu cy’Ubutariyani mu buhungi-

ro.Yari Umuhutu ukomoka muyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri .142

Yari umwe mu bagize itsinda ryahiritse Perezida Kayibanda. Yayoboye Minisiteri y’imari

igihe gito cyane cy’ukwezi kumwe gusa. Na nyuma yogusimburwa yakomeje gukurikirana 137Urubuga : http://www.musabyimana.net/20111229-quelques-photos-des-membres-du-gouvernement-de-la-1e-repubique/ - rwasuwe ku wa 1 Ukuboza, 2017 138 Inyandiko zo mububiko bw’inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda, yasuwe ku wa 1 Ukuboza, 2017 139 Urubuga : https://umuvugizi.wordpress.com/2014/09/01/00002889176543/ 140 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na HFRS, Umurenge wa Remera , Ugushyingo 29, 2017 141 141 Inyandiko zo mububiko bw’inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda, yasuwe ku wa 1 Ukubo-za, 2017 142Urubuga :http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/colonel-fabien-gahimano-umwe-mu-bafashije-habyarimana-kujya-ku-butegetsi-yaguye – rwasuwe kuwa 18 Ugushyingo, 2017

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iyo minisiteri mu buryo buteruye. Yagiriye nabi Abatutsi bamwe bakoraga muri iyo min-

isiteri kandi yirukanye bamwe ashingiye kuri politiki y’imibare y’ubwoko yatangijwe mu

1973. Yayoboye ubwicanyi bw’Abatutsi muri Kigali hagati ya 1973 na 1974.143

4.6.1.4. Nduhungirehe Jean-Chrysostome (Kanama 1, 1973 – Kamena 11, 1975)

Nduhungirihe Jean-Chrysostome yavutse mu 1937 i Butare. Abana be ni Janvier

Jean Cyriaque Nduhungirehe, Solange Nduhungirehe, Chantal Nduhungirehe,

Lyliose Nduhungirehe na Olivier Nduhungirehe wahoze ahagarariye u Rwanda

mu muryango w’abibumbye, ubu akaba ari Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Min-

isiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga. Abenshi mu bagize umuryango w’uwahoze ari minisitiri ba-

tuye mu gihugu cy’Ububirigi. Yapfuriye mu bubungiro mu mugi wa LUVE (Louvain), mu

Bubirigi mu 1996.

Kuwa 1, Kanama 1973, Komiti ishinzwe kugarura amahoro n’ubumwe by’igihugu basubije

ubutegetsi abasiviri ariko abasirikari bane bagumye muri Leta harimo na Perezida

Habyarimana Juvénal. Nyuma iyo Komiti ishinzwe kugarura amahoro n’ubumwe bw’igihugu

yaje guseswa, ikora yihishe inyuma y’agakingirizo kugeza MRND igiyeho, kuwa 5, 1975.

Muri iyo nzibacyuho, Nduhungirehe Jean-Chrysostome yagizwe Minisitiri w’Imari

n’Ubukungu guhera tariki ya 1 Kanama 1973 kugeza 11 Kamena 1975 aho yagizwe Min-

isitiri w’Igenamigambi.144

Nka Minisitiri w’Imari n’Ubukungu guhera tariki ya 1 Kanama, 1973 kugeza tariki 11 Kame-

na 1975, yayoboye Minisiteri hamwe n’imirongo y’ishyaka rya politiki rya MRND

ryarangwaga n’ivangura no kwanga Abatutsi.

Kuba abakozi b’Abatutsi bari munsi ya 1% byerekana ukuntu Abatusi bari bakandamijwe mu

buryo bw’imitangire y’imirimo mu yahoze ari minisiteri. Ibi byagaragajwe n’umwe mu

bahoze ari umukozi muri iyo minisiteri:

“Igiye cy’ubuyobozi bwe cyaranzwe n’ivangura moko no kwanga abakozi b’Abatutsi

haba muri Minisiteri y’Imari cyangwa muri Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi nayo yayoboye

[…] ariko uretse ibinyuranye n’ibyo , icyerekezo cy’igihugu mu gushyira imbere

143 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na HFRS, Umurenge wa Remera, Ugushyingo 29, 2017 144 Inyandiko yo mububiko yo mu nteko ishinga mategeko y’u Rwanda , yasuwe kuwa 1 Ukuboza, 2017

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kwanga Abatutsi [...] nta cyerekezo cy’iterambere bari bafit , bari bashishikajwe

n’ironda bwoko nta k’indi kintu.145

Kuva Minisiteri yari imwe mu nzego za Leta , kandi akaba yari Umuhutu ukomoka mu ma-

jyepfo, Perezida Habyarimana ntiyigeze amwizera yizeraga abaturage be bakomoka mu

majyaruguru cyane cyane abakomokaga mu zahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na

Ruhengeri . ku bw’ibyo yaje kumusimbuza undi Muhutu ukomoka mu karere kamwe na

Perezida.

4.6.1.5. Ntirugirimbabazi Denys (Kamena 11, 1975 – Werugwe 29, 1981)

Ababyeyi be ni Mburanumwe Damien na Mpeka. Yavukiye

mu yahoze ari Komini Nyamutera, Perefegitura ya

Ruhengeri.146 Yapfuye kuwa 24,Werugwe 2017 mu Buholan-

de.147 Yagizwe Minisitiri w’Imari kuwa 11 , Kamena , 1975

kandi yongera gusubira kuri uwo mwanya kuwa 8 Ukuboza ,

1977. Igihe cyo kuvugurura Leta ku wa 8 Mutarama , 1979, yongeye gusubizwa kuri uwo

mwanya kugeza 29 Werugwe 1981 ubwo Hategekimana Jean-Damascène yagiyeho.148

Gagizwe kandi Goverineri wa BNR kuva 1991 kugeza 1994.

Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byerekana ko nawe yayoboye ibindi bigo bya Leta

(ONATRACOM, BNR) mu bihe bitandukanye kandi aregwa gushyira imbere ironda

bwoko n’ironda karere mu nzego zose yayoboye.

By’umwihariko igihe yari Minisitiri w’Imari n’Ubukungu guhera 1973 kugeza 1981, ntiyem-

eraga ko Abatutsi bahabwa imirimo muri iyi minisiteri. Ntiyigeze ashaka guha imirimo Aba-

hutu bakomoka mu z’indi perefegitura uretse Ruhenger na Gisenyi .

Umwe mu babajijwe wagize uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi yamuvuze ati :

145 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na VNH, mu mugi , Ugushyingo 16, 2017. 146 Urubuga: http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ntirugirimbabazi-wayoboye-bnr-wanashakishwaga-uruhare-muri-jenoside-yitabye - rwasuwe kuwa 29 Ugushyingo, 2017. Urubuga: 147http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:http://www.therwandan.com/ki/2017/03/24/denis-ntirugilimbabazi-yitabye-imana/&num=1&strip=1&vwsrc=0 –rwasuwe kuwa 29 , Ugushyingo 29, 2017 148 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bw’intekoshingamategeko y’ uRwanda, yasuwe kuwa 1 Ukuboza, 2017.

76

“Yari yara baswe n’ubwoko , yangaga Abatutsi kugeza aho yahoraga gukoresha

n’umwe muri bo muri minisiteri”. Undi wabajijwe yemeje ibyavuzwe haruguru ati:

“Yari Umuhutu w’intagondwa utaremeraga na rimwe ko Abahutu n’Abatutsi bashobora

kubana”.

Uwo wabajijwe yongeyeho ati :

“Mu gihe cya Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi , mu gihe yari Guverineri wa BNR ,

yakoranye bya hafi na Ndindabahizi Emmanuel (Minisitiri w’Imari mu gihe cya Jeno-

side ) na Koroneri Bagosora) mu kugura intwaro no gutoza imitwe y’abasiviri,

gandarumori n’ingabo. Aba n’abaturage baguze intwaro n’amasasu yakoreshejwe mu

Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi [..]”.

Mu gihe cya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi , yakanguriye Abahutu kwica Aba-

tutsi haba Kigali no bice by’iwabo muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri.

Yemeje ko ari mu bantu bashakishwa bari k’urutonde rw’abakoze Jenoside kandi Leta y’

u Rwanda yatanze impapuro zimufata mu 2009.149

4.6.1.6. Hategikimana Jean-Damascene (Werugwe 29, 1981 – Mata 4, 1987)

Hategikimana Jean-Damascene yagizwe Minisitiri w’Imari kuwa 29, Werugwe , 1981 nyuma

y’amatora ya mbere ya Perezida yabaye igihe cy’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repuburika ya Kabiri

igihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana.

Yongeyae gusubira kuri uwomwanya kuwa 8 , Gashyantare , 1982 kugeza Mata 9, 1987 ku-

geza ubwo yasimbuwe na Ruhamanya Vincent.150 Yakomokaga muri Perefegitura ya

Ruhengeri . Yapfuye mu 1995.151

Ugereranije n’abamusimbuye, ntiyarafitiye urwango abakozi b’Abatutsi, n’ubwo ivangura no

gutandukanya byagumye biranga umwuka mu kazi igihe yayoboraga.

149 Urubuga : http://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ntirugirimbabazi-wayoboye-bnr-wanashakishwaga-uruhare-muri-jenoside-yitabye - rwasuwe kuwa 29, Ugushyingo, 2017. 150 Inyandiko yo mububiko bw’inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda , yasuwe kuwa 1, Ukuboza, 2017. 151Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na VNH, mu mugi, Ugushyingo 16, 2017.

77

Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko nta kwibasira abakozi b’Abatutsi mu buryo bugaragara muri min-

isiteri yayoboraga ugereranije n’igihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Cyimana. Ariko, yakomezaga gu-

koresha uburyo bw’ivangura mu kazi. Uwabajijwe yaravuze ati :

“Ugereranije ibikorwa bya minisiteri igihe cya MDR-PARMEHUTU na MRND,

byari bitandukanye cyane mu buryo bwo kuvangura abakozi b’Abatutsi muri

MINIFIN. N’ubwo MRND nayo yarangwaga n’ironda bwoko n’ironda karere,

ntabwo byari bikaze cyane ugereranije n’igihe cya Perezida Kayibanda . Umu-

bare w’abakozi b’Abatutsi muri MINIFIN wazamutseho gato ariko ingenga bit-

erezo yo kwanga Abatutsi yariho yihishe muri rusange ”.152

Undi wari umukozi yavuze ko umwuka mu kazi wari utandukanye:

“Umwuka mu kazi muri MINIFIN wari mwiza mu buryo bugereranije ; Abakozi

b’Abahutu n’abakozi b’Abatutsi bari bafitanye imibanire myiza . Nemera ko ha-

riho uburyo bw’igihugu bwo kwanga no kuvangura Abatutsi ariko umuntu

yashoboraga kutabibona muri minisiteri. Ahubwo icyariho n’uko abakozi benshi

ba minisiteri bari Abahutu baturuka amajyaruguru mu gihe Abatutsi bahabwaga

akazi hagendewe k’uburyo ijanisha ry’imibare […]”

N’ubwo ivangura ryakorerwaga abakozi b’Abatutsi ryari rishyigikiwe na gahunda ya politi-

ki. Mu bikorwa, iyi gahunda yashyirwaga mu bikorwa hagendewe ku bijyanye n’ubwoko

n’ironda karere.

Ikindi kandi, kuzamura abakozi mu ntera ntibyashingiraga ku bushobozi. Byashingiraga aho

abakozi bakomoka no ku bwoko bafite. Ku kibazo cy’ironda karere, hari uwabajijwe wemeje

ko “ Abakiga baribatoneshejwe mu bijyanye no kuzamurwa mu ntera no kongerwa ubush-

obozi n’amahugurwa”153 Ku bijyanye n’ironda bwoko, undi wabajijwe yaravuze ati : “Aba-

tutsi barahezwaga mu mirimo hamwe n’ubundi burenganzira n’ibindi bagenerwa”.154

Nyamara kandi,abakozi b’Abatutsi nibo bibasirwaga kandi abakozi bamwe b’Abahutu ba-

takomokaga mu majyaruguru , Gisenyi na Ruhengeri nabo bavugaga ko bavangurwaga mu

bijyanye n’imirimo. 152 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’ufitanye isano n’uwahoze ari umukozi , Akagari ka Kabeza, Umurenge wa Kanombe, tariki 18 , Ugushyingo 2017 153 Ikiganiro cyatanwe na MH, Akarere ka Muhanga, Ugushyingo 19, 2017 154 Ikiganiro cyatanwe na VNH,Ugushyingo 16, 2017

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4.6.1.7. Ruhamanya Vincent (Mata 9, 1987 - Mutarama 15, 1989)

Ruhamanya Vincent yavukiye mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gikongoro. Ubu atuye mu

Buhorande mu buhungiro .155 Yagizwe Minisitiri w’Imari n’Ubukungu kuwa 9 Mata , 1987

kugeza Mutarama 15, 1989 kugeza asimbuwe na Ntigurirwa Benoit.156

Igihe cy’ubuyobozi bwe, umwuka mu kazi muri MINIFIN ntutandukanye n’abamubanjirije

– warangwaga n’ivangura moko n’ironda karere. Umwe mu bakozi ba minisiteri yavuze mu

nshamake ibijyanye n’ibibazo byo mu kazi muri minisiteri ati : “Uburyo bwo gutanga imi-

rimo bwari bushingiye ku mibare y’amoko,ironda karere n’ubumenyi bwa tekiniki aho gush-

ingira k’ubushobozi”.157 Ivangura, gutesha agaciro n’urwango byakorerwaga abakozi

b’Abatutsi byakorwaga rwihishywa, byakomeje kugira ingaruka mbi mu mitekerereze mu

bijyane n’aho bakoreraga .

Abakozi b’Abahutu bakomoka mu majyaruguru bakomeje kwiganza mu mirimo ya minisit-

eri. Hafi y’amashami yose yari ayobowe n’Abahutu bakomoka muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi

na Ruhengeri.

Uwahoze ari umukozi yatanze ubuhamya ukuntu Abahutu bakomoka mu jyaruguru y’u

Rwanda bari baratoneshejwe:

“Abahutu bakomoka mu majyaruguru bari baratoneshejwe mu mirimo no kuzamurwa

mu ntera bitari gusa muri MINIFIN ahubwo ko byakorwaga mu bigo byose bya

Leta[…] byari umuco wari warubahirrijwe. Igihe cyose, imyanya yose nibo yahabwaga

kandi bigafatwa nk’ibisanzwe”.

Ku bijyanye n’ibi, ababajijwe bose bemera ko ivangura, itonesha n’ironda moko byari

gahunda ya politiki yari yashyizwe mu nzego kandi yimakazwa na MRND.

Uwajijwe yavuze ko “ Ruhamanya Vincent arwanya Leta iriho ubu cyane ko akorana

n’umwanzi kubera amagambo akoresha mu biganiro by’abarwanya Leta mu Burayi”.158

155 Ikiganiro cyatanwe n’uwahoze ari umukozi wa MINIFINmu mugi, Ugushyingo 15, 2017 156 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bw’intekonshinga amategeko y’u Rwanda , yasuwe ku wa 1 , Ukuboza 2017 157 Ibid 158 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na OMH, mu mugi, Ugushyingo 15, 2017

79

4.6.1.8. Ntigurirwa Bénoit (Mutarama 15, 1989 – Ukuboza 31, 1991)

Yakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Buringa, Perefegitura ya Gitarama. Yapfuye n’urupfu

rusanzwe nyuma gato ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi .159 Ntigurirwa Bénoit ya-

gizwe Minisitiri w’Imari mu ivugurura rya Leta ryo kuwa 15 Mutarama, 1989 nyuma

y’amatora ya gatatu ya Perezida aho Perezida Habyarimana yongeye gutorwa ku majwi an-

gana na 99.98%. Mu kuvugurura Goverenama yabaye ku wa 9 Nyakanga 1990, yongeye

gushyirwa muri uwo mwanya kuwa 4 Gashyantare 1991 kugeza Ukuboza 31, 1991 kugeza

igihe Ruhigira Enock amusimbuye.160

Mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwe, umwaka mu kazi ku bakozi b’Abatutsi wari ugoye kwihanganira

kandi wari mubi. Bamwe mu Batutsi barafunzwe nk’ibyitso bya RPF - Inkotanyi ( ibyitso).

N’ingombwa kwandika ko ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko, kwambura ubumuntu n’urwango

byakorewe Abatutsi byikubye kabiri na mbere y’igitero cya RPF.

Umwe mu babajijwe yabuze ko igihe cy’ubuyobozi bwe : abakozi b’Abatutsi bokerewe ibi-

korwa bw’itesha mutwe mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Ntigurirwa”. Abakozi b’Abatutsi ba-

huye no gutotezwa n’ifungwa bya politiki.

Ibi byahamijwe n’uwahoze ari umukozi wavuze ati: Ingendo z’abakozi b’Abatutsi zari

zibuzanijwe kubera ko minisiteri yikangaga ko bashobora gusanga RPF- Inkotanyi.”161

Uburyo bwo gukurikirana abakozi b’Abatutsi bwari buhanitse kuva igihe minisiteri yake-

kaga ko batera inkunga “ abanzi ( RPF- Inkotanyi)”. Mu 1992, abakozi bamwe b’Abatutsi

birukanywe ku mirimo kandi barafungwa . benshi muri bo barapfuye bazize iyica rubozo.

Uwahoze ari umukozi yasonabuye uburyo bari ho bwo gufungwa bidakurikije amategeko:

“Bwa mbere hariho gufungwa bidakurikije amategeko , abakozi b’abatutsi

bagaragazaga ko badashyigikiye politiki y’urwango n’ivangura nibo bafungwaga

kw’ikubitiro. Muri za gereza bakorerwaga iyica rubozo mu buryo butandukanye kugeza

159 Ibid 160 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko y’inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda , yasuwe kuwa 1 , Ukuboza, 2017 161 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwahoze ari umukozi, Nyarugenge, Ugushyingo 14, 2017

80

ubwo bamwe bapfuye. Byari ibihe biteye ubwoba . Byari bibangamiye inyoko muntu.

Bamwe mu Bahutu batakaje ubumuntu […].”162

Kuvuga ibyabaye byatanzwe n’abajijwe byerekana umwuka mu kazi igihe cya Ntigurirwa

Bénoit wahubukaga kandi akagira urugomo mu miterere ye . Icyo gihe , abakozi b’Abatutsi

benshi birukanywe ku m’irimo yabo.

4.6.1.9. Ruhigira Enoch (Ukuboza 31, 1991 – Mata 16, 1992)

Ruhigira Enoch yagizwe Minisitiri w’Imari mu ivugururwa rya Leta ryakozwe

kuwa 31 Ukuboza , 1991 muri Leta ya makumyabiri nyuma y’ivugururwa

ry’itegeko nshinga ryageze ku mashyaaka menshi kandi yayoboye kugeza

Mata 16 , 1992 kugeza asimbuwe na Rugenera Marc.

Mbere gato y’intambara hagati ya RPF na Leta yariho, yibukwa nka Minisitiri wari intoni

washyigikiraga MRND. Yayoboye gutoteza Abatutsi muri Minisiteri y’Imari no hanze yayo.

Ibi byemejwe n’umukozi wayoborwaga nawe. Yagize ati kubyerekeye minisitiri: “Yateguye

ifatwa n’ifungwa ry’abakozi benshi b’Abatutsi mu mpera zo mubihe bya 1990 kugeza

1992”.163 Undi wabajijwe yamureze gutoteza no gushishikariza ubwicanyi bwakorewe

Abatutsi:

“Yakanguriye gukorera urugomo abakozi b’Abatutsi kugeza avuye muri minisiteri mu

1992. Yakoreshaga inama n’Abahutu b’intagondwa cyane cyane abakomokaga muri

Gisenyi na Ruhengeri. Inama zari zigamije urwango rwakorerwaga Abatutsi . mu

by’ukuri gutoteza abakozi b’Abatutsi byarenze minisiteri […]”.164

Yongeye kuvuga ko ku isonga hari ho kubaka inzego za MRND muri Ministeri y’Imari. Iyo

nzego zari izo gushyira imbere ubutagorwa bushingiye k’ubwoko bw’Abahutu, ivangura nk

kwanga Abatutsi muri minisiteri.

Igihe yayoboraga , yagombaga kumenya neza ko amashami menshi yari ayobowe

n’intagondwa z’Abahutu bakomoka mu zahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri. 162 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwahoze ari umukozi, Nyarugenge, Ugushyingo 15, 2017 163 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na UJD, mu mugi , Ugushyingo 14, 2017 164 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na GM1217, dmu mugi, Ugushyingo 15, 2017

81

Ibi byari bigamije gushimangira ingengabiterezo ya MRND. Ibi byemejwe n’undi wabajijwe:

“Habyarimana yamushyizeko kugira ngo akurire abakozi bo biro bya perezida kugira

ngo akurikirane ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingenga biterezo ya MRND mu gihugu cyose.

Mu by’ukuri yakurikiranye ibikorwa byose by’ubwcanyi byakozwe mu gihugu , cyane

cyane ibyabereye Kibirira na Bigogwe ”.165

Yaragizwe kandi umukuru w’ibiro bya Perezida guhera 1992 kugeza igihe perezida yishwe

ku wa 6, Mata , 1994.

Ibyavuye muri ubushakashatsi byerekana ko mbere y’uko ahunga igihugu kuwa 22 Mata,

1994,Ruhigira Enoch yateguye , akangurira kandi akurikirana ubwicanyi muyahoze ari

Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Yakoresheje inama zitandukanye hamwe na Perefe wa Kibuye

n’abandi bayobozi ba komini muri Mata 1994. Yahungishijwe n’abasirikari b’Ababirigi

kuwa 22 Mata 1994 nyuma y’ifungwa ry’ambasade y’Ububirigi. Nyuma yerekeza mu gi-

hugu cyitwa Niyu zerande ( New Zealand) aho yaboneye ubwene gihugu ku wa 6 Ukwaki-

ra , 2005.

Kuwa 25, Ugushyingo, 2004, Leta y’u Rwanda yatanze impapuro mpuza mahanga zo gufata

Enoc Ruhigira. Zashyikirijwe abayobozi ba Niyu zerande (New Zealand). Zageze ku

bayobozi b’icyo gihugu ku wa 14,Ukuboza , 2005. Niyu zerande ntiyigeze imwohereza.

Ahubwo bohereje i Kigali umukozi wo kugenzura kugira ngo akorane iperereza n’ibiro

by’Umushinjacyaha Mukuru wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda .

Gusa nyuma yafunzwe ku wa 20 Nyakanga 2016 ku kibuga cy’indege cya Faranku foti

( (Frankfurt ) mugihe yahanyuraga yerekeza mu Bubirigi . Yarekuwe kuwa 22 , Werugwe ,

2017 nyuma y’uko hatabonetse ibimenyetso bimushinja mu ruhare rwa Jenoside yo 1994

yakorewe Abatutsi.166

165 Ibid 166 Urubuga : http://www.blogtalkradio.com/radioitahuka/2016/08/21/ubutaberaese-hari-impanvu-zatumye-enoch-ruhigira-atabwa-muri-yombi-na-interpol – rwasuwe kuwa 29 , Ugushyingo 29, 2017

82

4.6.1.10. Rugenera Marc (Mata 16, 1992 – Mata 9, 1994)

Rugenera Marc yavutse kuwa 24, Nyakanga, 1954, i Remera Rukoma, mu

yahoze ari Komini Taba , Perefegitura ya Gitarama. Yize amashuri abanza

guhera 1967 kugeza 1970 yiga amashuri yisumbuye guhera 1970 kugeza

1974 muri Koleje ya Leta i Mburabuturo. Afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro

cya gatatu mu Icungamutungo (MBA Business Engineering) yize n’amasomo

yihariye mu bijyanye n’ubwishingizi, amabanki n’imari mu Ishuri ry’icunga mutungo

ry’Iburuseri guhera 1974 kugeza 1980. Arubatse afite abana batatu.167

Kuva 1980 kugeza 1989, yakoze muri Banki y’ u Rwanda y’Iterambere(( BRD) nk’ushinzwe

kwiga imishinga kandi yari akuriye ishami rishinzwe Ibigo Bito n’Ibiciriritse ( SME). Yari

ashinzwe kandi gukurikirana inkunga igenerwa ibigo by’ubucuruzi. Kuva 1989 kugeza

1992, yabaye Umuyobozi Mukuruw’Ikigo cy’Ubucuruzi gishinzwe guteza imbere inganda

n’ubucuruzi muri afurika ( kitwa CITA).168 Rugenera Marc yabaye Minisitiri w’Imari nyu-

ma b’ubwumvikane hagati y’amashyaka ya politiki yari agamije kubanisha abaturage : ama-

sezerano yo gushyiraho Leta y’inzibacyuho ya kabiri yo kuwa 13 Werugwe 1992.

Yaje muri Leta yitwaga ‘Leta ya mbere ihuriweho n’amashyaka menshi,’ yashyizweho ku-

wa 3 Mata, 1992 iyobowe na Nsengiyaremye Dismas kuva 16 , Mata, 1992 kugeza 18

Nyakanga 1993 ubwo minisitiri w’intebe Uwiringiyimana Agathe yajyagaho. Iyo Leta

yarimo aba bakurikira : abaminisitiri 9 ba MRND, abaminisitiri 4 ba MDR, abaminisitiri 3

PL, minisitiri ba 3 ba PSD, minisitiri 1wa PDC.169

Rugenera Marc yagizwe Minisitiri w’Imari kuva 16 Mata , 1992 asubiramo kuri uwo mwan-

ya kuwa 19 Nyakanga, 1993 muri Leta ya Uwiringiyimana Agathe kandi yasubiyemo kuwa

5 Mutarama , 1994 muri iyo Leta y’inzibacyuho yari ishingiye ku masezerano y’amahoro ya

Arusha. Yasubiyemo kandi kuwa 18 , Werugwe 1994 muri Leta y’inzibacyuho akurwaho-

kuwa 9 Mata , 1994 ubwo Ndindabahizi Emmanuel yamusimburaga muri “ Leta

y’Abatabazi” iyobowe na Perezida Sindikubwabo Théodore.170 Mbere yoguhabwa uyu

mwanya yabaye Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu (BNR). Yari umunyamuryango

167 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na Marc Rugenera, mu mugi, Ukuboza 28, 2017 168 Ibid 169 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko y’inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda , yasuwe kuwa 1 , Ukuboza, 2017 170 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko y’inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda , yasuwe kuwa 1 , Ukuboza, 2017

83

w’ishyaka PSD kandi akaba Visi Perezida waryo. We n’ishyaka rye ntibari bazi umugambi

wariho wa Jenoside watangiye mu 1990 igihe RPA/RPF yateraga igihugu. Mu 1993, ubwo

CDR yavukaga , yari yibasiwe ngo yicwe . umwe mu babajijwe yavuze muri make uko ya-

simbutse urupfu :

[…] Mu 1993, abarwanashyaka ba CDR baje kuri MINIFIN, Minisitiri (Rugenera) yin-

jizaga imodoka ye maze abarwanashyaka ba CDR baramutera, arakubitwa ariko asho-

bora gucika asubira ku biro bye […] nyuma ahamagara gandarumori ngo imucungire

umutekano […]”

Rugenera Marc ntiyigeze ashyigikira ivangura rishingiye ku karere n’ubwoko ariko nta

bushobozi yari afite bwo kubirwanya. Undi wabajijwe wari umukozi muri iyo minisiteri ya-

vuze ko nta ruhare yagize mu migambi yo gukora Jenoside :

“Mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwe, byibuze minisiteri yakoraga ishingiye k’ubushobozi […]

nta kuvanga iby’akazi na politiki ishingiye ku ivangura n’ironda bwoko […] yego,

byariho ariko k’uburyo bworoheje kandi ntiyari umuyobozi ugendera ku matwara ya

Jenoside”.171

Undi wahoze ari umukozi yongeyeho ko:

“[…] Rugenera ntiyigeze ashyigikira imigambi ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yari

acishije make kandi akaba umuyobozi wa politiki utarigeze ashyigikira ingenga biterezo

ya Jenoside mbere no mugihe y’uko Jenoside ikorwa”.

N’ubwo Minisitiri Rugenera yarwanyaga ingenga biterezo ya Jenoside n’imigambi yayo

muri MINIFIN, minisiteri yaboraga yakomeje kurangwa n’ivangura moko no kwanga Aba-

tutsi kubera ko amashami mato n’amashami Manini igihe cye yayoborwaga n’Abahutu

b’intagondwa.Minisiteri yari ifite amatsinda mato y’Abahutu b’intagondwa ( Hutu Powa)

hari ku nzego zo hejuru mufri minisiteri bari bashyigikiye gutsemba Abatutsi bari bashinze

imizi muri ako gatsiko.

Niyo mpamvu inkoramutima za MRND zafataga minisitiri nk’umuntu udakorana mu

itegurwa rya Jenoside.

171 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwahoze ari umukozi muri MINIFIN, Nyamirambo,Ugushyingo 11, 2017

84

Kandi , ubuyobozi bw’ishyaka MRND bwamufataga nt’utari muri gahunda ya Jenoside kan-

di ntiyashoboraga gutanga amafaranga yo kugura intwaro bari bakeneye.

Ni muri uru rwego, umwe mu babajijwe yerekanye ko hariho umugambi wa MRND wo ku-

muheza:

“Bamuciye inyuma baramureka bamuca mu rihumye bashyira ho undi ukorera muri Min-

isiteri y’Ingabo wari ushinzwe ibyo kugura intwaro kandi wabikoraga kandi akajya BNR

minisitiri Rugenera atabizi.”172

Ibi kandi byashimangiwe n’undi wakoraga muri MINIFIN:

“Kubera ko atarashyigikiye imigambi ya Jenoside, ibyegera n’abanyapolitiki ba

Habyarimana ntibamwizeraga. Yari umutekinisiye n’umukozi w’umwuga utaremeraga poli-

tiki y’amacakubiri yimitswe n’ubutegetsi bwa MRND […] igihe cyarageze aho atagombaga

gusinya zimwe mu nyandiko z’ingenzi nka sheki za minisiteri cyane cyane izabaga

zifitanye isano no kugura intwaro […]”.173

Umwe mu babajijwe yavuze ko umusirikari w’ingabo za (Ex-FAR)wari ushinzwe gusinya

inyandiko z’amafaranga yo kugura intwaro zakoreshejwe mu gukora Jenoside yakorewe

Abatutsi yishyuye amafaranga binyuze mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko yo gutoza imitwe

y’interahamwe. Yaravuze ati :

“Ntare Simon wari umusirikari ufite ipeti ritanzwi mu zahoze ari ingabo za Leta

( EX-FAR) zakoze Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi. Yari ashinzwe gutegura

impapuro z’amafanga zigamije gutegura Jenoside muri Minisiteri y’Imari . Ya-

hawe inshingano z’uwahoze ari Minisitiri muri Leta witwaga Rugenera wari

ubangamiye ingenga biterezo ya Jenoside”.

172 Uruga: http://cnlg.gov.rw/newsdetails/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1782&cHash=2bc0fd4572ad19905e8c99e50399aafc – rwasuwe kuwa Ugushyingo 13, 2017 173 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umwahoze ari umukozi muri MINIFIN, Kimihurura, Ugushyingo 12, 2017

85

Hashingiwe ku b’ubuhamya bwatanzwe haruguru, igikorwa cyo kugabana ubutegetsi cy-

agezweho mu masezerano ya Arusha hagati ya Leta ya Habyarimana n’abataravugaga rum-

we nticyagezweho. Leta yari k’ubutegetsi yahisemo gukoresha uburyo butemewe

n’amategeko ishyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Kubera kudashyigikira umugambi wo gukora Jenoside,Rugenera Marc yasimbuwe na Ndin-

dabahizi Emmanuel kuwa 8, Mata , 1994. Gusimburwa kwe kwari kugamije gufasha MINI-

FIN na MINADEF kubikuza amafaranga muri BNR yo kugura intwaro yagombaga gukore-

shwa mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.174

Igihe Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi yahagararaga muri Nyakanga hagati, Rugene-

ra yongeye gusubira muri uwo mwanya kuva 1994 kugeza 1997. Hagati ya 1997 kugeza

mu 2000, yagizwe minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi , Inganda n’Ubukera rugendo. Mu 2000, yavuye

muri Leta maze ajya mu kigo cy’ubwishingizi SORAS. Kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2012, yari

Umuyobozi Mukuru wa’Ikigo cya SORAS LTD ( Ubwishinzi Rusange) . Ubu n’umucuruzi

ukora mu kigo cy’ubwishingizi ( Radiant) kuva 2013.175

4.6.1.11. Ndindabahizi Emmanuel (Mata 9, 1994 kugeza Nyakanga hagati 1994)

Ndindabahizi Emmanuel yavutse mu 1950 I Gasharu, mu yahoze ari Komini

Gitesi, Perefegitura ya Kibuye.Yize amashuri abanza I Kirambona Nyagato

muri Komini Gitesi maze arangiza mu 1964. Yize amashuri yisumbuye mu

ishuri rikuru rya Shyogwe muri Perefegitura ya Gitarama (1964 kugeza 1967)

no muri Koreje ya Kigali (1967-1970). Yagiye mu yahoze ari Kaminuza y’u

Rwanda maze abona impamya bumenyi ya Kaminuza mu bukungu n’imibanire

y’abaturage mu 1974 kandi afite Impamya bumenyi mu (Icunga mutungo ) mu 1976 .

Kuva Ugushyingo 1976, yakoze muri kigo cyitwaga Trafipro, nk’umukozi ushinzwe ishami

ry’imari kugeza mu mpera ya 1981. Nyuma yoherejwe mu Kigo cy’amashanyarazi (

ELECTROGAZ) I Kigali aho yari akuriye ishami ry’ubutegetsi n’amari. Mu 1985,

174 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwahoze ari umukozi muri MINIFIN, Nyamirambo, Ugushyingo 11, 2017 175 175 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na MR1217, mu mugi , Ukuboza 28, 2017

86

hoherejwe muri Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi I Kigali gukurira agashami gashinzwe gutera

inkunga ikigo .Mu 1991, yavuye muri Leta ajya gukora mu kigo cy’ubucuruzi cyitwa Au-

dico, cyakoraga imirimo y’ubugenzuzi kugeza 1992. Yagiye mu ishyaka rya politiki

rishinze imibereho y’abaturage ( PSD) mu 1992. Muri Nzeli 1992 yagizwe Umuyobozi

Mukuru mu Biro bya Minisitiri muri Minisiteti y’Imari aguma kuri uwo mwanya kugez kuwa

6 Mata 1994. Yari yaratorewe umwanya w’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Ishyaka rya PSD

muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye mu 1993. Yagizwe Minisiti w’Imari muri Leta y’Agateganyo yo

kuwa 9 Mata 1992 kugeza iyo Leta ihunze iva Mu Rwanda muri Myakanga hagati 1994.

Yari kw’isonga mu gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Minisiteri y’Imari no ku

rwego rw’igihugu.

Ku rwego rwa Minisiteri, yari akuriye gutegura no gushyira mu bikirwa Jenoside yakorewe

Abatutsi mu 1994. Yateguye kandi ashyira mu bikorwa atera inkunga kandi atoza ingabo

n’imitwe y’abasiviri. We na Koroneri Bagosora, bahuzaga ibikorwa byo kugura intwaro,

amasasu n’ibimodoka bikomeye byakoreshwaga mu gukora Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe

Abatutsi.

Uwahoze ari umukozi muri minisiteri yasobanuye uruhare n’inshingano ze muri Jenoside

yakorewe Abatutsi:

“Ubwicanyi bw’abakozi b’Abatutsi muri MINIFIN yabihariye abakozi yayoboraga,

Ndindabahizi Emmanuel yari ashishikajwe mu buryo burambuye no gutegura Jenoside

ku rwego rw’ighugu […] yari ashinzwe kugura intwaro zavaga mu bihugu bitan-

dukanye,yari ashinzwe amafanga yakoreshwaga mu gotoza umutwe w’interahamwe

mu gihugu cyose. Yari ashinzwe kunyereza amafanga genewe iterambere akayakoresha

mu gutera inkunga gukora Jenoside […]”.176

Undi wari umukozi yashimangiye uruhare rwe nk’umucurabwenge wa Jenoside yakorewe

Abatutsi maze ati :

“[…] uwo mugabo yateguye Jenoside ku rwego rw’igihugu. Abakozi b’Abatutsi muri

MINIFIN ntabwo bari kibazo kuri we kubera ko abandi Abahutu b’intagondwa muri

176 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na mugenzi we bakoranaga muri MINIFIN, Nyamirambo,Ugushyingo 11, 2017

87

minisiteri bari bashinzwe ku biyicira ubwabo. Yateguye Jenoside ku rwego rwo hejuru

cyane cyane mu gutegura inkunga umushinga wo kumaraho.”177

Ikindi n’uko, buri mutegetsi wo muri Leta wateye inkunga Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yari

yari ashinzwe Komini cyangwa Perefegitura yihariye mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside.

Ndindabahizi yari ashinzwe iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibuye aho yahuzaga ibikorwa ibi-

korwa by’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi hamwe no gukurikirana itangwa ry’ibikoresho

byakoreshejwe muri Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

I gihe RPF ihagarika Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi, yahungiye yahoze cyitwa Za-

yire nyuma ajya mu Bubirigi. Ndindabahizi Emmanuel yafatiwe mu Bubirigi muri Kamena

12, 2001 k’ubusabe bw’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda(ICTR/TPIR).

Yoherejwe gufungirwa ahagenwe n’Umuryango wabibumbye Arusha Tanzaniya muri Nzeli ,

25, 2001.178

Urubanza rwe rwatangiye muri Nzeli 1, 2003. Ndindabahizi yafashwe n’Urukiko Mpuzama-

hanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ku byaha bitatu yaregwaga birimo Jenoside n’ibyaha

byibasiye inyoko muntu ( gutsemba n’ubwicanyi). Yayoboye ubwicanyi bwakorewe Aba-

tutsi muri Serire Gasharu, Perefegitura ya Kibuye mu gihe cya Jenoside yo mu 1994. Yaha-

mijwe no gutegeka, gutegura, gushishikariza no guhuza ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi bwako-

rewe Abatutsi, harimo gutanga amatangazo mu ruhame agamije gukangurira abaturage gu-

kora ubwicanyi bw’imbaga muri rusange no kwica abaturage bamwe by’umwihariko . Muri

uru rwego , yari kw’isonga mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa ubwicanyi bwakorewe

Abatutsi muri perefegitura akomokamo ya Kibuye. Yari afite ububasha no kugenzura

abasirikari, imitwe y’Abahutu w’interahamwe, abajandarume, abaporisi ba komini, imitwe

y’abasiviri n’abasiviri bagize uruhare mu bw’icanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi.

Amabwiriza ye yarubahirizwaga. Mu kuburaana kwe, Umushinja cyaha yavuze ko "ashinjwa

kugata abagore ku ngufu n’ibikorwa by’urukoza soni byakozwe n’abo yari ashinzwe".179

Mu rubanza rwe, yavuze ko ntacyo ashinjwa ku birego byose uko ari bitanu bya Jenoside

n’ibyaha n’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu ubwo yaburanaga mu rukiko. Uwahoze ari min-

isitiri yahamijwe icyaha cya Jenoside, gukora Jenoside mu buryo butazigute no gukangurira

177 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwo bakoranaga muri MINIFIN, Nyamirambo, Ugushyingo 14, 2017 178 Urubuga : https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/emmanuel-ndindabahizi/ - rwasuwe muri Nzeli 20, 2017 179 Ibid

88

mu ruhame gukora Jenoside, gutsemba , ubwicanyi no gufata abagore ku ngufu hamwe

n’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu.

Yahamijwe ibyo byaha byose kuwa 15, Nyakanga, 2004 kandi yakatiwe igifungo cya bu-

rundu.180 Nyuma yarajuririye icyemezo cy’urukiko. Ariko mu bujurire, Urukiko rwemeje igi-

fungo cya burundu kuwa 16 Mutarama, 2007. Kuwa 27, Kamena 2009, yoherejwe mu gihugu

cya Bene, Kotonu kurangiza igifungo cye cya burundu hashingiwe ku cyemezo cyasinywe

na Perezida , Dennis Byron, kuwa 18,Gicurusi, 2009 rwahoze ari Urukiko Mpanabyaha

rwashyiriweho u Rwanda -ICTR. Ibyaha yahamijwe ntibyakorewe muri minisiteri

yayoboraga ahubwo byakorewe muri perefegitura akomokamo.

4.6.2. Abaminisitri ba MINIPLAN guhera 1962-1994

Aka gace kerekana ba Minisitiri bose bakoreye iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Igengamigambi

kuva 18 Gicurasi ,1962 kugeza Nyakanga hagati 1994 igihe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ya-

hagarikwaga.

4.6.2.1. Habameshi Callixte (Gicurasi 18, 1962 – Gashyantare 6, 1963)

Habameshi Callixte yavutse kuwa 1, Nzeli, 1932 i Butare. Yabaye Minisitiri w’Ububanyi

n’Amahanga n’Igenamigambi kuwa 18,Gicurasi 1962 kugeza Gashyantare 6, 1963 igihe

yagirwaga Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga mu ivugurura rya Leta ryo kuwa 6 Gashyan-

tare 1963 yatandukanije ububanyi n’amahanga n’igenamigambi maze yitwa Minisiteri

y’Igenamigambi, Ubutwererane n’Ubufatanye mu bya tekiniki.181

Kubera igihugu cyari gihanganye n’ingaruka z’ibibazo bya politiki zo mu myaka yo mu

1959-1960 yaranzwe n’urwango rwinshi rwakorewe Abatutsi, Habameshi Callixte yatume

abafashe ubutegetsi batagira urujijo mu gukwirakwiza urwango n’ivangura byakorerwaga

Abatutsi bakoraga muri minisiteri.

Abakozi bace b’Abatutsi bifuzaga impinduka, amahoro n’umutekano nibo bagiriwe urwango

n’ivangura muri Ministeri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Igenamigambi. Umwuka wo mu kazi

wari ubabaje kandi wari uwo kwambura ubumuntu kubera ko Abahutu bamwe

180Urubuga:http://cnlg.gov.rw/newsdetails/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=1782&cHash=2bc0fd4572ad19905e8c99e50399aafc – rwasuwe kuwa 20 Nzeri, 2017

181 Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bw’inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda , yasuwe kuwa 1 Ukuboza, 2017

89

b’intagondwa bakoraga muri minisiteri bashyira mu bikorwa ingenga biterezo y’urwango

ya MDR- PARMEHUTU yari ifite icyerekezo cyo gushyiraho “Igihugu cy’Abahutu” mu

Rwanda.182

Kubera ubuhubutsi bw’ubuyozi bwakwirakwijwe na Habameshi Callixte, Abatutsi bagumye

kubaho badafite kirengera kubijyanye no gukwira kwiza urwango rwazanywe n’ibibazo

bya politi byo mu 1959. Uwabajijwe yavuze ko minisiteri yakoragamo yari “ nk’izu

ikorerwagamo urwango, inzu yo kwihimuriramo, ahantu hahoraga umwuka w’ubwoba

n’urwango”.183

4.6.2.2. Bagaragaza Thaddée (Gashyantare 16, 1963 – Nyakanga 27, 1968)

Bagaragaza Thaddée yavukiye mu yahoze ari Komini Nyamugali, Perefegitu-

ra ya Ruhengeri.184 Yagizwe Minisitiri w’igenamigambi , Ubutwererane

n’Ubufatanye mu bya Tekiniki kuwa 16 , Gashyantare, 1963. Yongeye

gusubira gushyirwa kuri uwo mwanya kuwa 6 Matarama, 1964, yongera

kandi ku wa 9 Ugushyingo, 1965 no kuwa 27 Nyakanga , 1967 kugeza kuwa 12 Kamena ,

1968.185

Nk’umurwanashyaka w’imena wa MDR-PARMEHUTU kandi akaba Minisitiri, ntiyihan-

ganiye ingoma ya cyami y’Abatutsi. Yakoreshaga kuvuga ko “kugira umukozi w’Umututsi

muri minisiteri ayobora nkwari nko kugarura ingoma y’Abatutsi”.186 Yari yarabaswe

n’ironda bwoko n’urwango yakoreraga abatutsi kandi yavugaga ko “ Abahutu bagomba

kwirinda Abatutsi mu nzego za Leta kubera ko biba amabanga y’igihugu maze bakayashyira

bene wabo bahunze igihugu mu 1959.”187

Muri minisiteri, yakundaga kandi yamamaye mu gukwirakwiza kwangisha gukwrakiza ur-

wango ahora yibasira abakozi b’Abatutsi binyuze mu kubagira inzira karengane haba ku kazi

cyangwa aho batuye. Nyamara kandi, abakozi b’Abatutsi bagombaga kumenyera kubaho

bakorewa iyica rubozo no gutotezwa kubera ko bagombaga kubaho kandi bakitunga.

182 Ikiganiro cyatanwe n.uwari umukozi, Gikondo, Ugushyingo 1, 2017 183 Ibid 184 Urubuga: http://www.musabyimana.net/20111229-quelques-photos-des-membres-du-gouvernement-de-la-1e-repubique/ 185 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko by’inteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda, yasuwe kuwa 1 Ukuboza, 2017 186 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwahoze ari umukozi, Gikondo, kuwa 1 Ugushyingo, 2017. 187 Ibid.

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4.6.2.3. Hitayezu Emmanuel (Nyakanga 27, 1968 – Nyakanya 4, 1973)

Hitayezu Emmanuel yavukiye muyahoze ari Komini Gishamvu, Perefegitura ya

Butare.188 Kuwa 27 Nyakanga, 1968, Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi yamugize

Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe Igenamigambi. Yongeye gushyirwa ku

y’indi myanya itandukanye mu mavugurura ya Leta yabayeho: kuwa 21 Ukwaki-

ra, 1969, kuwa 25 Gashyantare, 1970 no kuwa 21 Gashyantare, 1972 kandi yakomeje gukora

kugeza 4 Nyakanga, 1973 ubwo Jenerari Majoro Juvénal Habyarimana yafataga ubutegetsi

akoze kudeta.

Ubuyobozi bwa Hitayezu Emmanuel bwari ubwa” “kinyamaswa ” mu miterere kubera bwari

bushingiye ku ivangura bwoko, icyenewabo no kw’ironda karere. Ubuyobozi bwe bwa-

ranzwe n’ibikorwa by’urwango rweruye no gukorera abakozi b’Abatutsi urugomo.

Ibi byemeje n’uwabajijwe wavuze ko : “ imikoranire mu kazi hagati y’abakozi b’Abahutu

n’abakozi b’abatutsi yaranzwe kwishishana n’uburyarya kubera ubuyobozi bwabibye ur-

wango rwatangiye guhera mu bibazo bya politiki byo 1959”.

4.6.2.4. Major Nsekalije Aloys (Nyakanga 5, 1973 – Kanama 1, 1974)

Icyavuye muri kudeta yakozwe na Habyarimana, uwari umugaba w’ingabo

Jenerari Habyarimana Juvénal washyizeho Komite ishinzwe kugarura amahoro

n’ubumwe bw’igihugu rizwi “ nk’inshuti zo kuwa 5 Nyakanga” nibwo Ma-

joro Aloys Nsekalije yagizwe Umuhuzabikorwa ya Gahunda y'igihugu ishinzwe

amajyambere guhera kuwa 5 Nyakanga , 1973 kugeza kuwa 1 ,Kanama 1974.

Majoro Aloys Nsekalije yagizwe kandi Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane

mu ivugurura rya Leta ryabaye kuwa 11 Kamena , 1975, yongera kuwushirwaho kuwa 8,

Ukuboza,1977 kugeza kuwa 8,Mutarama,1979 ubwo yagirwaga Minisitri w’Urubyiruko

n’Imikino. Kuwa 29, Werugwe, 1981, yagizwe kandi Minisitiri w’Uburezi ushinzwe

Amashuri Abanza na y’Isumbuye kandi nyuma yongera kuwusubizwaho kuwa 8 Gashyantare

1982 na Gicurasi 1987. Yakoze muri iyo minisiteri kugeza kuwa 15 Mutarama 1989.Yagiye

mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru afite ipeti rya Koroneri kandi yapfuye muri 2009 mu Bubirigi.

188 Urubuga :http://www.musabyimana.net/20111229-quelques-photos-des-membres-du-gouvernement-de-la-1e-repubique/ rwasuwe kuwa 1Ukuboza, 2017.

91

4.6.2.5. Mbonyumutwa Jean-Marie-Vianney (Kanama 1, 1973 – Kamena 11, 1975)

Kuwa 1,Kanama 1973, Komite ishinzwe kugarura amahoro n’ubumwe bw’igihugu yarahin-

duwe hajyaho Leta iyobowe n’abasiviri harimo abasirikari bane. Ariko Komite ishinzwe ku-

garura amahoro n’ubumwe bw’igihugu yarasheshwe. Ariko, yagumyeho idafite inshingano

zihariye kugeza kuwa 5, Nyakanga,1975 ubwo MRND yashyirwagaho. Abagize Leta

bashyzweho kuwa 1 Kanama, 1973, ubwo Mbonyumutwa Jean-Marie-Vianney yari mu

bayigize nka Minisitiri w’’Igenamigambi n’Umutungo Kamere kugeza kuwa 11 Kamena

1975 ubwo yasimburwaga na Nduhungirehe Jean-Chrysostome.

4.6.2.6. Nduhungirehe Jean-Chrysostome (Kamena 11, 1975 – Mutarama 8, 1979)

Nyuma yo gukora nka Minisitri w’Imari n’Ubukungu guhera kuwa 1 Kanama

kugeza kuwa 10 Kamena 1975, Nduhungirehe Jean-Chrysostome yongeye ku-

girwa Minisiti w’Igenamigambi igihe cy’ivugurura rya Leta ryo kuwa 11 ,

Kamena, 1975. Kuwa 8 Ukuboza, 1977, yasubiye muri Leta ya kane akomeze gukora muri

iyo minisiteri kugeza kuwa 8 , Mutarama 1979 ubwo yasimbuwe na Mulindangabo Am-

broisea.

Kimwe n’abamubanjirije, yari Umuhutu w’intagondwa wimakaje ivangura moko n’urwango

byakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi igihe yayoboraga. Igiye cye, abakozi b’Abatutsi babarirwaga

kuri 2% by’abakozi bose. Ibi byaterwaga n’uko yagumishije abakozi b’Abatutsi mu buryo

budasubirwaho muri gahunda y’iringaniza ry’imibare.

4.6.2.7. Mulindangabo Ambroise (Mutarama 8, 1979 –Mutarama 15, 1989)

Mulindangabo yagizwe Minisitiri w’Igenamigambi kuwa 8 Muratama 1979 muri Leta ya

gatanu nyuma y’amatora ya mbere ya perezida wa Repubulika kuri repubulika ya kabiri.

Yasubijwe kuri uwo mwanya mu ivugururwa rya Leta ryo kuwa 19 Werugwe 1981 muri

Leta ya karindwi kandi nyuma awusubiraho igihe cy’ivugurura rya Leta yo muri Gicurasi

1987 aho yakoze kuri uwo mwanya kugeza Mutarama 15, 1989 ubwo yasimbuwe na Nza-

bonimana Callixte . Ni Umututsi wavukiye Gikongoro kandi yari mw’ishyaka rya politiki

rya MRND.

92

Niwe wari Umututsi wenyine washyizwe muri Leta ngo ayobore iyahoze ari Minisiter

y’Igenamigambi kuva Igihugu kibonye ubwigenge 1962 avuye mu Bubirigi. Nk’Umututsi

n’umurwanashyaka wa MRND, nta bubasha yari afite bwo kwitandukanya n’ingenga bit-

erezo y’ishyaka yari ishingiye ku rwango n’ivangura byakorerwaga Abatutsi kandi

yimakaje ironda karere yatoneshaga Abahutu bakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya

Gisenyi na Ruhengeri. Uwahoze ari umukozi muri MINIPLAN yavuze uburyo amaboko ye

yari aboshye mu gihe yakoraga imirimo ye:

“Nk’Umututsi, Mulindangabo ntacyo yari afite cyo gukora kubera nta bubasha

yagiraga bwo kurwanya ibyakorerwaga muri minisiteri […]. Ariko, kubera yari

umunyamwuga, yakoraga akazi ke nta vangura akoreye umuntu wese; yakoraga

inshingano ze mu buryo bunoze kandi bwa kinyamwuga atitaye k’ubyo

ubutegetsi bwabaga bukoreramo”.189

Undi wabajijwe yemeje ko “n’ubwo yari muri MRND, ntiyigeze ashyigikira ibitekerezo

by’ingenga biterezo n’umurongo wayo”. Kurundi ruhande, uwari umukozi wa MINIFIN

yaramunenze kuba ntacyo yakoze ngo arwanye akarengane kakorwaga na MRND :

“Ndabizi ko Mulindangabo yafashije kandi ashyigikira Abatutsi bamwe kubona

akazi muri MINIPLAN ariko ntiyigeze na gato arwanya ivangura n’urwango

byakorerwaga bene wabo b’abakozi b’Abatutsi […] uretse kwemera akaren-

gane ka korwaga na MRND […]”.190

Mulindangabo Ambroise n’umuryango we barokotse Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Aba-

tutsi bahungiye muri Hoteri y’imisozi Igihumbi( Mire korini).191

4.6.2.8. Nzabonimana Callixte (Mutarama15, 1989 –Nyakanga 9, 1990)

Nzabonimana Callixte yavutse mu 1953 mu yahoze ari Komini Nya-

bikenke,Perefegitura Gitarama. Yagizwe Minisitiri w’Igenamigambi kuwa 15

Mutarama, 1989 muri Leta 10 kugeza Nyakanga 9, 1990 ubwo Ngirabatware

189 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwari umukozi wa MINIPLAN, mu mugi, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Ugushyingo 16, 2017. 190Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n ‘uwari umukozi wa MINIFIN, mu mugi, Ugushyingo 16, 2017 191 Urubuga :https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/a-18-2005-05-10-voa2-93020849/1265016.html - rwasuwe kuwa 31 Ukwakira, 2017

93

Augustin yamusimburaga. Callixte Nzabonimana yaguzwe Minisitiri w’Urubyiruko

n’Imikonowas muri Leta y’inzibacyuho mu 1994. Yabonwaga nk’umurwanashyaka wa

MRND uvuga rikijyana (MRND).192

Minisiteri yayoborwaga hagendewa ku mirongo y’ubwoko. Amacakubiri hagati y’abakozi

b’Abahutu n’abakozi b’Abatutsi yariho mu buryo bweruye kandi bugaragara muri minisiteri.

Ivangura n’urwango byakorerwaga abakozi b’Abatutsi byari muri bimwe bigize umurongo

w’ibikorwa bya minisiteri.

Ibi byemejwe n’uwabajijwe wavuze ati: “Ubuyobozi bwa minisiteri yayoboraga bwari bush-

ingiye k’ubwoko[…] aho abakozi b’Abatutsi bari bibasiwe”.

Uwo wabajijwe yongeye ho ati: “ ivangura ryakorerwaga Abatutsi muri minisiteri yoboraga

ryari gahunda kuri buri Minisitiri wese yagomba kubahirizwa nta kuzuyaza”.

Ku rundi ruhande, undi wabajijwe yamureze ivangura ati: “Yakoreshaga urwango n’ivangura

byakorerwaga abakozi b’Abatutsi mu buryo buteruye”.

Hanze ya minisiteri, nk’umurwanashyaka wa MRND kandi akaba minisitiri, yakoreshaga

ububasha bwe muri Perefegitura ya Gitarama akangura kandi ashishikariza abaturage kur-

wanya RPF-Inkotanyi. Yahuzaga ibikorwa byo gutoza imitwe y’abasiviri , yateguye intonde

z’Abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa kandi yatanze intwaro ku bahutu b’intagondwa bakoze

bishe Abatutsi muri Gitarama no mu z’indi perefegitura , kuva Mata kugeza Nyakanga

1994.

Yahunze igihugu muri Nyakanga 1994 maze afatwa kuwa 18, 2008 i Kigoma, Tanzania.

Umunsi ukurikiyeho, yajyanywe gufungirwa ahantu bagenwe n’Umuryango Wabibumbye ,

Arusha , Tanzaniya . Yaregwaga gucura umugambi wo gukora Jenoside, ubufatanya cyaha

mu gukora Jenoside , kuyobora no gukangurira gukorwa Jenoside mu nzego za Leta , ub-

wicanyi no gufata abagore ku ngufu nk’icyaha cyibasira inyoko muntu , gutoteza ha-

gendewe kuri politiki, ubwoko n’idini nk’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko muntu , ubwicanyi no

kwica urubozo ubuzima cyangwa k’umubiri , ibitekerezo by’ikiremwa muntu ku basiviri

192 Urukiko Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriwe u Rwanda /ICTR, Urubanza n’icyemezo, Gashyantare 25, 2004, Arusha: ICTR

94

nk’ibigize amakimbirane intambara y’imbere mu gihugu n’ibikorwa by’urukoza soni biga-

mije gutesha umuntu agaciro.

Kuwa 20 Gashyantare, 2008 ubwo yageraga bwa mbere mu Rukiko – TPR-ICTR, ntiyemera

ibyaha aregwa byose maze kuwa 31 Gicurasi, 2012 nibwo Nzabonimana yakatiwe igi-

hano cyo gufungwa burundu. N’ubwo yajuriye icyemezo cy’urukiko, kuwa 29 Nzeri 2014,

Urukiko rwemeje igifungo yakatiwe. Ubu afungiye aho Urukiko rwategetse kugeza arangi-

je igifungo yakatiwe.

4.6.2.9. Ngirabatware Augustin (Nyakanga 9, 1990 - Mutarama 5, 1994)

Yavutse kuwa 12, Mutarama, 1957 mu yahoze ari Komini Nyamyumba,

Perefegitura Gisenyi. Yari umurwanashyaka ukomeye w’ishyka MRND kandi

akaba umwe mu bagize Komite ya MRND ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya

Gisenyi. Ngirabatware afite impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga y’icyigiro cya gatatu

(PhD) muby’Ubukungu yaboneye muri Kaminuza ya Fribourg, mu Busuwisi.

Yigishize mu yahoze ari Kaminuza y’u Rwanda (UNR) kuva 1986 kugeza 1994. Ngirabat-

ware numukwe wa Félicien Kabuga wakoranaga mu buryo bwo hejuru na Perezida

Habyarimana Juvénal, ushakishwa cyane kubera uhare rwe mu gukora ibyaha bigize Jeno-

side yakorewe Abatutsi.

Niwe wa mbere wagizwe Minisitiri w’Igenamigambi kuwa 9 Nyakanga, 1990 muri Leta ya

cumi kandi asubizwa kuri uwo mwanya kuwa 4 Gashyantare , 1991 mu ivugurura rya Leta

yongera kuwusubizwaho ku wa 30 Ukuboza 1991 nka Minisitiri w’Igenamigambi

n’Ubutwererane Mpuzamahanga. Mu rindi vugururwa rya Leta ryo kuwa 16, Mata 1992

n’iryo kuwa 18 Nyakanga 1993 yasubijwe kuri uwo mwanya kugeza kuwa 5 Mutarama 1994

. Uruhare rwa Ngirabatware mu gutegura no gukora Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi

rwasuzumwa ku rwego rwa minisiteri no ku rwego rw’igihugu

Ku rwego rwa minisiteri, yari kw’isonga mu gushyigikira Leta mu gutegura no gukora Jeno-

side yakorewe Abatutsi.

Nka Minisitiri akaba na Perezida wa MRND ku rwego rwa Minisiteri, yashishikarije abakozi

b’Abahutu muri minisiteri gukora Jenoside. Ibi bishimangirwa n’’umwe mu bahoze ari

abakozi wavuza ati:

95

“Ngirabatware Augustin yateguye kandi akoresha inama zitandukanye muri min-

isiteri zakanguriraga urwango abakozi b’Abatutsi n’Abatutsi muri rusange. In-

ama zigaga ku ngengabiterezo ya Jenoside ya MRND yamenyeshaga abakozi ba

minisiteri ko bagomba kwitegura ubwabo kwikiza umwanzi muri minisiteri

n’ahantu batuye hose”.193

Ngirabatware kandi yahuzaga ibikorwa byo gufata no gutanga abakozi b’Abatutsi bakek-

waga ko bahaga amakuru cyangwa gutera inkunga RPF/RPA. N’ubwo abandi Bahutu

b’intagondwa bari babirimo, niwe wari umutegetsi uri kw’isonga wakurikiraga ishyirwa mu

bikorwa ryo gutegura ubwicanyi bwakozwe na Leta muri minisiteri.

Ibi byemejwe n’umwe wahoze ari umukozi wavuze ati: “Ngirabatware yategetse abo

yayoboraga nabo bashyira mu bikorwa umugambi bafatanije n’inzego z’umutekano”.194 Ku

rundi ruhande, nka Minisitiri ushinzwe igenamigambi ku rwego rw’igihugu , yakoranye bya

hafi na Minisitiri w’Imari na Minisitiri w’Ingabo gutegura, intwaro no gutoza imitwe ya

gisirikari n’imitwe y’abasiviri.195 Uwahoze ari umukozi yahamije ayo makuru ati:

“kugura intwafro n’amasasu yakoreshejwe muri Jenoside hamwe no gutoza in-

terahamwe ntiri gushoboka iyo hatabaho kubitegura neza, kandi uruhare rwa

MINIPLAN n’uwahoze ari umuyobozi wayo byabaye indunduro. Yari umuntu

ukomeye wakoreshaga ibikoresho mu gutegura Jenoside ku rwego

rw’igihugu”.196

Ngirabatware kandi yari umwe mu bagize Komite ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Gisenyi

hy’ishyaka rya MRND na Komite y’Igihugu y’ishyaka rya MRND, kandi akaba no muri

Komite y’ibikorwa ku rwego rwa komini Nyamyumba. Niyo mpanvu yakanguriye abatur-

age muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi kwica Abatutsi igihe cya Jenoside yo 1994.

Yahunze igihugu nyuma y’uko RPF ifashe igihugu muri Nyakanga hagati 1994 . mu

buhungiro , yakoreye ibigo bitandukanye by’ubushakashatsi mu Bufaransa na Gabon

nyuma yaje gufatirwa mu Budage mu mugi wa Frankfurt, kuwa 17, Nzeli, 2007.197

Yoherejwe ku Rukiko Mpanabyaha rwashyiriwe u Rwanda mu Kwakira 2008. Urubanza

193 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na GMCH mu mugi, Ugushingo 6, 2017. 194 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na NH, Kimironko, kuwa 18, Ugushyingo, 2017. 195 Ibid. 196 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na GMCH mu mugi, Ugushyingo 6, 2017 197 https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/augustin-ngirabatware/ - accessed on September 20, 2017

96

rwa Ngirabatware rwatangiye kuwa 23 Nzeli, 2009. Yahamwe n’icyaha cya Jenoside, kuwa

20, Ukuboza 2012 kubera gushishikariza no gukangurira mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu

ruhame gukora Jenoside no gufata abagore ku ngufu nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyoko muntu.

Umushinjacyaha Mukuru w’Urukiko Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda yasabiye Ngira-

batware igihano cyo gufungwa Burundi kubera uruharwe rwe rukomeye mu gushyira mu bi-

korwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ariko, kuwa 20 Ukuboza 2012, Urugereko rwamukatiye

igifungo cy’imyaka 35 yo gufungwa kubera Jenoside, gushishikariza mu ruhame no mu buryo

butaziguye mu gukora Jenoside no gufata abagore ku ngufu nk’ibyaha byibasiye inyoko

muntu

Ngirabatware yajuririye urubanze mu rugereko ry’ubujurire aho yasabye gutesha agaciro

ibirego byose aregwa kandi asabwa kurekurwa. Urugereko rwagumije ho icyemezo

cy’ukiko ariko rukuraho ibirego bimwe.198

4.6.2.10. Ntagerura André (Muratama 5, 1994 – Mata 9, 1994)

Ntagerura André yavutse kuwa 2 Mutarama, 1950 mu yahoze ari Komini Ka-

rengera, Perefegitura Cyagungu.199 Yagizwe Minisitiri w’Igenamigambi

n’Ubutwererane muri Leta y’inzibacyuho yashyizweho gugera Mutarama, 5

kugeza Mata 9, 1994 igihe asimburwa na Ngirabatware Augustin. Ariko ya-

gizwe Minisitiri w’Ubwikorezi n’Itumanaho muri iyo Leta.200

N’ubwo Ntagerura yayoboye Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi by’igihe gito, ubuyobozi bwe

bwari bushingiye ku ivangura moko hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Ibi bigaragazwa n’uko

hari urugomo rweruye rwakorerwaga abakozi b’Abatutsi muri Minisiteri yayoborwaga nawe

akaba ntacyo yakoze ngo abihagarike cyangwa ngo ahane abo babikoraga ibyo bikorwa.

Uretse imirimo ya minisiteri yarangwamo kudahana hagati ya Mutarama 1 na Nzeli 31

1994 ku nshuro nyinshi, yakoresheje inama muri Cyangugu zakanguriraga intagondwa

z’Abahutu gutsemba Abatutsi. Igihe Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi yarangiraga muri

Nyakanga hagati1994, yahunze anyuze Goma maze yerekeza Kameruni aho yafatiwe ku wa

27 Werurwe 1996 hashingiwe k’urupapuro mpuzamahanga ryo kumufata rwatanzwe

198 Ibid 199 Urubuga: https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/andre-ntagerura/ - rwasuwe kuwa 1 , Ukubo-za, 2017 200 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bw’Inteko Nshingamategeko y’u Rwanda , rwasuwe kuwa 1, Ukuboza , 2017

97

n’Abayobozi b’u Rwanda. Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpamabyaha rwashyiriwe u Rwanda

narwo rwasabye ko afatwa hashingiye ku cyemezo cy’urukiko cyo kuwa 17 Gicurasi 1996,

ndetse n’urwo kuwa 9, Kanama 1996. Umushinjacyaha Mukuru yasohoye urwandiko rumu-

ta muri yombi rwa mbere kuwa 10 Kanama 1996 maze yoherezwa kuwa 23 Mutarama 1996

ku Rukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ruri Arusha , Tanzania.201

Ntagerura yaregwaga ibyaha bya Jenoside birimo umugambi wo gukora Jenoside, ubufatan-

ya cyaha mu gukora Jenoside , gutsemba abaturage nk’icyaha cyibasiye inyoko muntu

hamwe n’ibikorwa byo kubabaza cyangwa kwangiza bikabije umubiri cyangwa ubwenge

byakorewe Abatutsi . Ariko igihe yagera mu Rukiko rwa TPR-ICTR kuwa 20 Gashyantare,

1997, yahakanye ibyaha aregwa byose uko ari bitandatu. Kuwa 29,Mutarama 1998, ur-

wandiko rusaba ku muta muri yombi rwarahinduwe kubera hari n’abandi bakoze ibyaha

bimwe n’ibye. Urukiko rwemeye kuwa 11 Ukwakira 1999 ko urubanza rwe ruhuzwa

maze rukaburishishirizwa hamwe n’urwa Bagambiki Emmanuel na Imanishimwe Samu-

el.202

Kuwa 18 Nzeli, 2000, urubanze rwe rwongeye guburanishwa imbere y’icyumba

cy’urugereko rwa gatatu kuwa 25 Gashyantare 2004 , maze Ntagerura ntitahamwa n’ibyo

byaha bitandatu. Uyu munsi ari ahantu “adashobora gusohoka ” Arusha kubera atashoboye

kubona igihugu kimwakira.203

4.6.2.11. Ngirabatware Augustin (Mata 9, 1994 kugeza hagati muri Nyakanga1994)

Igihe “Leta y’Abatabazi” yashyirwagaho kuwa 9 Mata 1994, Ngirabatware Augustin

yongeye ku girwa Minisitiri w’Igenamigambi kandi akora kugeza hagati muri

Nyakanga1994.204 Mbere y’uko ashyirwa muri uyu mwanya, Ngirabatware yagize uruhare

rukomeye mu gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kuko yakoranaga byaahafi na Minisiteri

y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Ingabo mu kugura intwaro n’amasasu byakoreshejwe mu bw’icanyi

byakorewe Abatutsi. Yakoranye bya hafi n’izo minisiteri zombi mu gutoza imitwe y’abasiviri

(Interahamwe) hamwe no gutanga intwaro mu gihugu cyose – n’iyo mpamvu yongeye

gusubizwa kuri uwo mwanya.

201 Urubuga : https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/andre-ntagerura/ -rwasuwe kuwa 1 Ugushyingo, 2017 202 Ibid 203 Ibid. 204 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bw’inteko ishinga amategeko y’uRwanda, yasuwe kuwa 1 Ukuboza, 2017

98

Hanze ya minisiteri no kuba ari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND, yakanguriye Aba-

hutu muri Kigali n’iwabo yari atuye (Gisenyi) gutsemba Aabatutsi kubera bafatwaga

nk’abanzi b’igihugu. Ikindi, Ngirabatware Augustin yari ashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa

Jenoside bitari muri minisiteri no mu gihugu cyose.

4.6.3. Abahoze ari Abayobozi Bakuru ba BUNEP

Kuva ishyrwaho rya BUNEP mu 1978 nk’umushinga w’igenga muri minisiteri

y’igenamigambi, wagize abayobozi bakuru batandukanye: Abahutu bane n’umututsi umwe.

4.6.3.1. Hategekimana Jean-Damascene

Hategikimana Jean-Damascene yavukiye mu yahoze ari peregitura ya Ruhengeri kandi niwe

Muyobozi Mukuru wa mbere wa BUNEP. Yayoboye umushinga kuva 1978 kugeza 1981.

Yavuye kuyobora umushinga ashyirwa k’undi mwanya wa Minisitri w’Imari guhera We-

rugwe 29 kugeza Gicurasi 1987.

Yayoboye umushinga agendeye ku miringo ishingiye k’ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko

n’ironda karere. Hejuru ya byose, ivangura n’urwamgo byakorerwaga abakozi b’Abatutsi

byari hejuru y’indi by’inngura n’ironda karere byakorwaga. Mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwe,

abakozibamwe b’Abahutu badashyigikiwe na MRND bakorerwaga ivangura k’imwe

n’abakozi b’Abahuhu bataturukaga mu yahoze ari peregirura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri.

Uwabajijwe yemeje ayo makuru ati:

“Igihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Hategekimana,hamwe n’intagondwa za MRND cyane

cyane abakomokaga muri Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, yashyigikiye urwango

n’ivangura byakorerwaga Abatutsi. Yatoneshaga abaturage bakomoka Gisenyi

na Ruhengeri mu bijyanye no kuzamura mu ntera no kubona amahugurwa mu

kongera abakozi ubushobozi […]”205

Undi wabajijwe yagize ati mu gushimangira ibyavuzwe:

“Igihe cy’ubuyobozi bwe, umushinga wari ufite abakozi b’Abatutsi bakoragamo

ku bakozi mirongo ine ariko Abatutsi bahuye (Abatutsi) n’urwango rushingiye

205 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na DMBU kuri MINECOFIN, Nzeli 29, 2017

99

ku ngenga biterezo n’ivangura. Umwuka mu kazi kuri abo Battsi babiri kwari

ukubabazwa no kudatekana ”.206

Ariko kandi, byumvikane ko hariho kwemera ingenga biterezo ya MRND, gahunda

n’icyerekezo cya politiki mu gihugu cyose. Ironda karere ryatonesheje Abahutu bakomoka

mu majya ruguru y’u Rwanda byari rusange mu bijyanye no kubona akazi no kwemerwa

kuboba amahugurwa yo kongererwa ubushobozi.

4.6.3.2. Nduhungirehe Jean-Chrysostome

Nduhungirehe Jean-Chrysostome yasimbuye Hategikimana Jean-Damascene mu 1987. Ya-

vukiye mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Butare kandi yagizwe Minisitiri w’Igenamigambi

kuva Kamena 1, 1975, kugeza kuwa 8 Mutarama 1979. Yabaye Umuyobozi Mukuru wa

BUNEP guhera 1981 kugeza 1984.

Kimwe n’uwamubanjirije, ubuyobozi bwe bwaranzwe n’ironda bwoko n’ironda karere ari-

ko bikibasira cyane k’Abatutsi n’Abahutu batari intagondwa. Umwe mu babajijwe yemeje

ko : “ nta tandukaniro ryariho mu buyobozi , bose bashyiraga imbere ibiterezo

by’urwango.207 Undi wahoze ari umukozi wa BUNEP yunzemo ati:

“ intego y’ishyaka rya politiki ryari k’ubutegetsi rya MRND kwari kwibasira

abakozi b’Abatutsi mu nzira zose z’ubuzima kubera ko bafatwanga

nk’abaturage b’icyiciro cya kabiri. Kandi, Nduhungirehe ntiyashoboraga

kunyuranya nabyo. Yagombaga kugendera muri gahunda y’ingenga biterezo ya

Leta y’urwango rwakorerwaga Abatutsi […]”.208

Igihe cy’ubuyobozi bwe, umushinga wari ushingiye ku ironda karere kubera ko wayobor-

waga binyuze mu biro bya Perezida byari byarashyize imbere ihame “ ry’ubwinshi mu mi-

rimo bushingiye ku bwinshi bw’abaturage ’ bakomoka mu yahoza ari perefegitura ya

Gisenyi na Ruhengeri.

206 Ibid 207 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na DMBU muri MINECOFIN, Nzeli 6, 2017 208 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na BIH hafi y’inyubako ya RDB, Ugushyingo 20, 2017

100

4.6.3.3. Barinda Jean-Bosco

Barinda Jean-Bosco wakomokaga mu yahoze ari perefegitura yya Gisenyi. Yayoboye BUNEP

guhera 1980 kugeza 1984. Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi bigaragaza ko ntacyo yigeze

ahindura mu kurwanya ibibi by’ivangura , ironda bwoko n’urwango byakorerwaga abakozi

b’Abatutsi.

4.6.3.4. Ruzindana Augustin

Ruzindana Augustin yavukiye muyahoze ari peregegitura ya Byumba. Yabaye Goverineri wa

BNR kuva 1984-1989. Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byerekana ko ntacyo atandukani-

yeho n’abamubabjirije mu micungire ya BUNEP. Ahubwo, yakomeje umurongo w’ingenga

biterezo yavugaga ko abakozi b’Abatutsi babonwaga nk’abanzi.

4.6.3.5. Mbaguta Jean-Marie-Vianney

Mbaguta Jean-Marie-Vianey yavutse mu 1940 muyahoze ari Komini

Ruhashya,Perefegitura ya Butare. Yayoboye umushinga kuva 1986 kugeza 1990. Aba-

byeyi be ni Gakuba Déograthias na Kabarore Pascasie. Mbaguta yashakanye na

Sekarimbwa kandi babyaye gusa umwana umwe witwa Yves Delphin Mbaguta, wavutse

kuwa 7 Ugushyingo 1970. Bari batuye hafi ya hahoze ari gereza ya Nyarugenge, mu yahoze

ari Komini Nyarugenge, Umujyi wa Kigali.Afite impamya bumenyi ya kaminuza mu

by’ubukungu yabonye muri kaminuza ya Nancy, mu Bufaransa. 209

Yagizwe Umuyobozi Mukuru wa UNEP kuva 1986 kugeza kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1990 igihe

RPF/RPA yatangije igitero k’ubutegetsi bwa Hyarimana. Niwe Mutusti wenyine wayo-

boye umushinga kuva watangizwa. N’ubwo yayoboye umushinga yahanganye n’abakozi

b’Abahutu cyane cyane abari inkorokoro za MRND. Uwari umukozi w’unshinga yabivuze

muri aya magambo:

“Hari ho urwango rwinshi rwakorerwaga abakozi b’Abatutsi […] igihe RPF-

Inkotanyi yagabye igitero kuwa 1 Ukwakira, 1990, twese abakozi b’Abatutsi

twaragiye tugaruka gukora igihe Jenoside yo 1994 yarangiraga. Yewe na

Mbaguta nibwo yagarutse.”210

209 Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 5 Ukwakira, 2017 210 IIkiganiro cyatanzwe na DMBU kuri MINECOFIN, Ugushyingo 29, 2017

101

Nyamara, umwuka w’ivangura ku bakozi b’Abatutsi wari utandukanye n’igihe cya mbere

y’itariki ya 1 Ukwakira , 1990 n’igihe cyo guhera kuwa 2 Ukwakira 1990 kugeza tariki 6

Mata 1994.

4.7. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi (Mata 7, 1994 kugeza hagati muri Nyakanga 1994)

Aka gace kavuga uburyo n’igihe abakozi b’Abatutisi batangiye kwicwa. Kagaragaza uru-

tonde rw’abakozi b’Abatutsi ba Minisiteri bishwe muri Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Aba-

tutsi n’amakuru arambuye k’ubwicanyi. Kagaragaza urutonde rw’abicanyi, abarokotse

n’abandi b’inzirakarengane biciwe aho minisiteri ikorera.

4.7.1. Uburyo, igihe n’ahantu Abatutsi bagombaga kwicirwa?

Amateka y’amacakubiri no kwamburwa ubumuntu byakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi mu

yahoze ari minisiteri zombi no mu bigo bizashamikiyeho bitangira gato mu 1962 igihe min-

isiteri y’imari yashirwagaho.Icyo gihe igenamigambi yari imwe mu mashami yari agize min-

isiteri. Ariko igihe cyo kubohoza igihugu, abakozi b’Abatutsi babiri ( Karera Valere na Ka-

gorora Thomas nibo ba mbere bishwe nyuma yo gufungwa batabona ibyo kurya, amazi

cyangwa serivisi z’ubuvuzi.

Abandi bakozi b’Abatutsi barishwe guhera tariki 7 Mata 1994 no gukomeza. Barasogoswe ,

barakubitwa cyangwa bararaswa. Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byerekana ko abatutsi

benshi bishwe ahantu hatandukanye bari batuye cyangwa ahantu hatandukanye bari bi-

hishwe. Babiri gusa biciwe ku kazi. Muri bo harimo : Bimenyimana Théoneste wiciwe ku ka-

zi ku biro ku Gikongoro na Ntamabyariro Faustin bishwe igihe bari mu butumwa

bw’akazi mu Bugesera (see umwirondoro mu gace ka 4.7.3).

4.7.2. Abahamwe n’abatarahamwe n’ibyaha by’ubwicanyi muri Jenoside yakorko-

rewe abatutsi muzahoze ari minisiteri zombi

Bamwe mu bahoze ari abakozi ba Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi ntibigize

basubira ku mirimo yabo nyuma ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi. Ibyavuye

muri ubushakashatsi byerekana ko abicanyi benshi benshi baba mu buhungiro kubera ib-

yaha bakoze.

102

Imbonerahamwe ya 8: Abahamwe n’abatarahamwe ibyaha b’abicanyi bakoze Jenoside

muzahoze ari minisiteri zombi

No Amazina Iyahoze ari Minisiteri Aho aherereye

1 Collette (izina ry’umuryango ritibukwa n’ababajijwe)

Umuyobozi Mukuru Wungirije wa BUNEP

Atuye mu Bubirigi

2 Ndahimana Théoneste Minisiteri y’Imari Ntihazwi

3 Nderere Alphonse Minisiteri y’Imari (yari umushoferi

Ari muri gereza ya Mageregere

4 Ndindabahizi Emmanuel Minisitiri, muyahoze ari Min-isiteri y’Imari guhera Mata 8, 1994 kugeza hagati muri Nyakanga1994.

Ari kurangiza igifungo cye Co-tonou, Benin

5 Ngirabatware Augustin Minisitiri, muyahoze ari Min-isiteri y’Igenamigambi guhera Nzeli 9, 1990 kugeza Mata 9, 1994

Ari kurangiza igi-fungo cye Coto-nou, Benin

6 Nshimiyumuremyi Adalbert Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi Atuye mu Bubirigi

7 Rutarindwa Honoré Minisiteri y’Imari Ntihazwi

8 Uwimana Antoine Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi

Atuye mu Bubili-gi

Aho byavuye: Amakuru y’Ihanze, 2017

Imbonerahamwe yo haruguru igaragaza umubare w’abahamwe n’abatarahamwe ibyaha

b’abicanyi bakoze Jenoside mu yahoze ari minisiteri y’imari na ministeri y’igenamigambi

hamwe n’aho baherereye.

4.7.3. Abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu zahoze ari minisiteri zirimo gukrawaho

ubushakashatsi

Aka gace kagaragaza abazize Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari min-

isteri y’imari na minister y’igenambigambi no mu bigo byari bizishamikiyeho. Agace kandi

kagaragaza imyirondoro irambuye ya buri nzirakarengane , aho biciwe , itariko bapfuyeho ,

ababishe n’imiryango y’abishwe barokotse Jenoside.

103

Kagerageza kuvuga niba uwishwe yarashyinguwe mu buryo buciritse cyangwa niba ntacyo

yakorewe n’imyirondoro y’abishwe mbere ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ubusesenguzi bukorwa ikigo ku k’indi.

4.7.3.1. Inzirakarengane zazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi zo muri MINIFIN

Aka kace gato kerekana abahoze ari abakozi b’Abatutsi muri Minisiteri y’Imari bishwe

mu gihe cya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

1. Ayabagabo Jean de Dieu

Ayabagabo yavutse muri 1957 i Nyakinama, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya

Ruhengeri. Ise yitwa Mfizi Thomas na nyina Nyirazikwiye Rozaria. Yash-

akanye na Niweburiza Beatrice babyaranye abana babiri. Bari batuye mu

Nyakabanda mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarugenge. Yize mu mashuri yi-

sumbuye ya Seminari ya St. Paul kandi yize Ikilatini n’Ubumenyi Ngiro.

Umugore we n’abana be babiri bashoboe kurokoka Jenoside ariko umwe yapfuye nyuma

ya Jenoside. Umugore wa nyakwigendera n’undi mwana we, Cyusa Jules Constant, baracya-

riho .211

Ayabagabo yakoraga mu ishami ry’ikigega cya Leta nk’umunyamabanga guhera Ukwakira

30, 1980 afite No. 8460 y’umukozi . yake kuzamurwa mu ntera ku mwanya w’umuyobozi

ushinzwe biro mu 1989 muri iryo shami. Mbere ya Jenoside, yafunzwe kuva Ukwakira 26,

1990 kugeza Werugwe 1991. Inomero ye y’indangamuntu mu madosiye yacungwaga

n’ishami rishinzwe Abakozi yerekano ko yari Umuhutu n’ubwo yari Umututsi. 212

Yishwe kuwa 14, Mata, 1994, Nyakabanda, Nyamirambo. Umutwe w’intehamwe wamufatiye

iwe mu rugo bamurasira iwe muri metero 150 hafi y’umuhanda wa kaburimbo wa nyakaban-

da. Umurambo we wasigaye ku muhanda aho ikamyo yatwaraga imirambo y’Abatutsi

bishywe yamutwaye imujunyugunya ahantu hatazwi. Uyu munsi, abagize umuryango we

ntibashoboye ku mushyingura mu cyubahiro.213 Uwishwe yibukwa na bo mu ryango we

211 Ikiganiro cyagtanzwe n’umugore we, Niweburiza Beatrice, Nzeli 17, 2017 212 Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe mu Kwakira 6, 2017 213 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we , Niweburiza Beatrice, Nzeli 17, 2017

104

n’insuti nk’umubyeyi wabanaga n’abaturanyi neza kandi wabakundaga abana be

n’umuryango muri rusange.214

214 Ibid

105

2. Bagirigomwa Christophe

Yavutse mu 1955 in Nyange, muyahoze ari Komini Mugesera, Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Ba-

girigomwa n’umwana wa Nderezi Evariste na Nyirantashya Anastasie. Yize ku ishuri

ry’isumbuye rya St. Kizito kandi yize ikiratini , indimi n’ubizima rusange. Yakoze

nk’umunyamabanga afite inomero y’umuriimo No. 6198. Yashakanye na Mukashyaka An-

astasie babyarana umwana umwe w’umukobwa Munezero, wavutse kuwa 9, Nyakanga

1985.215

3. Bajeneza Etienne

Yakoraga mu ishami rishinzwe imisoro ku Muhima. Yari yarashatse kandi bivugwa ko ya-

size abana babiri.

4. Bajyagahe Alphonse

Yavutse mu 1945 mu yahoze ari Komini Kibirira, Perefegitura ya

Gisenyi.216Ababyeyi be ni Masabo Nicodème na Nyiratango. Yari atuye ku

Mumena, Nyamirambo, mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarugenge .Yize ku shuri ry-

isumbuye rya Nyundo kandi nyuma yarangije mu shuri rikuru rya Koleje

Yohani mutagatifu. Yize muri Kaminuza i Kinshasa, muyahoze ari Zaire.217

Yatangiye gukora mu ishami rishinzwe imisoro muri minisiteri y’imari mu 1967. Yakoze

mu mashami atandukanye ashunzwe imisoro mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Gisenyi,

Ruhengeri, Byumba, Butare na Kigali. Muri 1994, yarashinzwe ishami rishinzwe imisoro

ku cyicaro cya Minisiteri afite nimeri y’umurimo N0: 2045.218

Yishwe kuwa 14 Mata, 1994 iwe murugo ku Mumena, Nyamirambo, n’umutwe

w’interahamwe.219 Yishwe na Rukundakuvuga Joseph n’izindi nterahamwe.220Umubiri we

washyinguwe mu cubahiro ku rw’ibutso rw’abazize Jenoside rwa Gisozi. Yari yatrashakanye

na Mukabakunda Prudentienne babyaranye abana batatu. Umugore we n’abana be batatu

215 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe ku wa 5 Ukwakira, 2017

216 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/73-bajyagahe-alphonse 217 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umukobwa we, Kalishesha Diane, Nzeli 18, 2017 218 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA , yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira, 2017 219 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umukobwa we , Ibid 220 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwo bakoranaga, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, Nzeli 20, 2017

106

barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi . Yakundaga imikino mu gihe yagaga afite umwan-

ya. 221

5. Bimenyimana Théoneste

Bimenyimana yavutse mu 1958222 mu Rwerere, Nyabihu. Ise yitwaga

Rwabusisi na nyina yitwaga Nyirakamagaza. Yize amashuri yisumbuye yo

mucyiciro cya A2. Yashakanye na Mukabatsinda Anathalie babyaranye aba-

na batatu, aribo: Manzi Didier, Ingabire Clarisse na Ufitinema Pacifique. Bari

batuye mu mugi wa Gikongoro . 223

Yakoraga nk’umucungamari mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari mu ishami rishinzwe konti

za Leta mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gikongoro afite nomero y’umurimo No. 9066.224

Nk’uko dosiye ye ibigaragaza mu shami rishinzwe abakozi, ntiyigeza azamurwa mu ntera

kugeza yishwe muri Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

Yishwe mbere yo kuwa 20 Mata , 1994 ubwo yari mu butumwa bw’akazi muri segiteri

Gasaka, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gikongoro. Yishwe n’interahamwe yamutemesheje

umupanga. Yishwe n’abicanyi batanu. Umwe mu bicanyi yitwa Girukubonye Gallican wa-

rangije igifungo cye cy’imyaka cumi muri gereza yahoze ari ya Nyarugenge. Abandi bi-

canyi bari mu buhungiro ubu. Umubiri we washyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu rwibuto rwa

Gasaka.225 Umugore we hamwe n’abana be batatu bararokotse muri Jenoside yo mu 1994 ya-

korewe Abatutsi.226

6. Gahizi Jean-Marie-Vianney

Gahizi yavutse mu 1960 i Nyamirambo.227 Ise yitwaga Sengati Chrysologue

na nyima ni Kankindi Collete. Yaratuye ku Mumena, Nyarugenge. Yari

ingaragu igihe yicwaga.228 Yize amashuri yisumbuye ya seminar into ya

221 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umukobwa we, Ibid. 222 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/156-bimenyimana-theoneste - rwasuwe ku wa 17 Ukuboza , 2017 223 Kiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we , MUKABATSINDA Anatholie, Nzeli 16, 2017 224 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRs, yasuwe ku wa 16 Ukwakira , 2017 225 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we, Ibid 226 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we , Ibid 227 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/74-gahizi-j-m-v - rwasuwe kuwa 17 Ukwakira 17, 2017 228 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umuvandimwe we, Mukasano Judith, Nzeli 18, 2017

107

Kabyayi, Perefegitura ya Gitarama. Yakoze mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari nk’umukozi

ushinzwe kugenzura imari wari ufite nomero y’umurimo N0 8614.229 Yakoze muri za

perefegitura zitandukanye.230

Yishwe kuwa 13,Mata 1994 kuri Koreje Mutagatifi Ndereya n’interahamwe n’abasirikari .

Abamwishe baracyidegembya. Yishwe arashwe amasasu. Kugeza ubu, umubiri we ntiwigeze

ubonerwa irengero ngo ushyingurwe mu cyubahiro. Yibukwa nk’umugabo wacishaga

make.231

7. Gahongayire Marie-Claire

Yavutse mu 1965 mu yahoze ari Komini Birenga, Perefegitura. Yari umukobwa wa Ntabana

na Mukayiranga. Yize muri Lycée Notre Dame de Citeaux- Kigali. Gahongayire yashyizwe

mu kazi kuwa 2 Ugushyingo, 1982 nk’umunyamabanga w’umugenzuzi Mukuru w’Imari

mu ishami rishinzwe imari ku cyicaro cya Minisiteri yari afite nomero y’umutrimo No.

10012.232

8. Gahunga Gaspard

Yavutse kuwa 1 Werurwe 1957 mu yahoze ari Komini Gishamvu, Perefegitu-

ra ya Butare . Yari umwana wa Ngirumpatse na Nyirangibwami. Yize ku

iseminari nto ya Karubanda, Butare aho yarangije amashuri yisumbuye ak-

omeza muri mashuri y’ikiratini n’ubumenyi bw’’indimi.

Yakoze muri Minisiteri y’imari afite nomero y’umurimo No. 8124. Yatangiye gukora

nk’umunyamabanga mu ishami rishinwe imisoro mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare

nyuma azamurwa mu ntera aba umufasha mu bunyamabanga nyuma yaje gushingwa

ishami ry’imisoro kuri iyo perefegitura .233

9. Gakwandi Philippe

229 Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukuboza, 2017 230 Ibidem 232 Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 5 Ukuboza, 2017 232 Ibidem 233 Ibid.

108

Yavutse kuwa 29 Ugushyingo, 1958 mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera,

Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Yishwe arashwe amasasu muri Jenoside yako-

rewe Abatutsi. Gakwandi yari umwana wa Gakwaya na Kampirwa. Yakoze

mu ishami rishinzwe ikigega cya Leta afite nomero y’umurimo No. 8123.234

10. Gakwandi Norbert

Yavutse mu yahoze ari Komini Ndora, Perefegitura ya Butare. Gakwandi yavutse kuwa 20,

Ugushyingo, 1963. Yari umwana wa Gashonga na Mukantagara. Yize mu mashuri yi-

sumbuye ya Kansi aho yaboneye impamyabumenyi mu by’ubukungu kuwa 30 Kamena ,

1984. Nomero ye y’umurimo No. 11239. Yishwe atarazamurwa mu ntera .235

11. Gasana François-Xavier

Yavukiye mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma, Intara ya Cyangugu. Yari atuye

Gikondo kandi yari yarashakanye na Kalimunda Yvonne bayarana abana

babiri : Gasana Arnauld na Gasana Jessica.236 Yakoraga mu ishami rishinzwe

inisoro mu yahoze ari minisiteri y’imari. Yarafashwe arafungwa inshuro

nyinshi nk’ “icyitso cya RPF.237

Yiciwe ku ishuri rya Yohana Paulo kandi umubiri we watawe hafi aho muri ruhurura.

Abamwishe bari interahamwe n’abasirikari. Umubiri we washyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa

Gisozi. Umugore we yarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hamwe n’abana be babiri.238

12. Giramata Sophie

Yavukiye mu yahoze ari Komini Muko, Perefegitura ya Gikongoro. Giramata

Sophie yari umukobwa wa Sagahutu Jean-Baptiste na Nyirantagorama Anasta-

sie. Yize mu rwunge rw’amashuri ya Rugunga aho yarangije amashuri ye

mu bucuruzi n’ubukungu mu 1989.

Yakoraga nk’umucungamari mu ishami rishinzwe imisoro rya Kigali afite nomero

y’umurimo No. 15378. Nk’uko bigaragazwa na dosiye yo mu ishami rishinzwe abakozi

234 Ibid. 235 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 5 Uwakira 5, 2017 236 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na muramu we w’umugore, Murekeyisoni Benedicte, Nzeli 17, 2017 237 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na muramu we w’umugore, Ibid 238 Ibid

109

muri MIFFOTRA, yari yarazamuwe mu ntera mbere y’uko apfa . Yishwe arashwe muri

Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

13. Habimana Joseph

Habimana Joseph n’umwana wa Muhababo na Mukantagara. Yavutkiye mu yahoze ari

Komini Cyimbogo kandi yari atuye mu Rugando. Yakoraga mu ishami rishinzwe za Gasu-

tamo nk’umugenzuzi wa za gasutamo afite nomero y’umurimo No. 13587 kandi yagumye

kuri uwo mwanya ntiyigeze azamurwa mu ntera.239

14. Hakizimfura Canisius

Hakizimana Canisius yavutse mu 1947 mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe, Perefegitura ya

Cyangugu. Yari umwana wa Segihana na Kayabo. Indangamuntu ye yerekana ko yari

Umuhutu. Ubu bushakashatsi ntibushobora kwerekana ko yari Umuhutu nyawo cyangwa se

ku impamvu z’uko nta makuru ahari y’abavandimwe be babyemeza . Ariko, MINECOFIN,

yo igaragaza ko yanditswe nk’inzirakarengane y’Umututzi wazize Jenoside yakorewe Aba-

tutsi. Hakizimfura yize muri Koleje Kirisitu Umwami - Christ-Roi I Nyanza kandi yize

ikigiriki n’ikiratini. Yari atuye mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarugenge , Kiyovu.240

15. Iyamuremye Innocent

Iyamuremye Innocent yari umwana wa Nzibonera Silas na Nyirabazungu Véronique. Ya-

vukiye mu yahoze ari Serire Mulinja, Komini Muyira,Peregitura ya Butare, mu 1956. Yize

muri Koreje Ofisiyeri kandi yarangije mu bucuruzi n’ubutegetsi. Yarangije ku wa 30

Kamena, 1978.241

Indangamuntu ye mu ishami rishinzwe abakozi yerekana ko yari Umuhutu; ariko, umwe

mu bo bakoranaga yemeje ko yari Umututsi. Byumvikane ko byari rusange ku Batutsi

guhindura indangamuntu y’ubwoko nk’ uburyo bwo kubona amashuri n’umurimo.

239 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira, 2017 240 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 4 Ukwakira, 2017 241 Ibid.

110

Dosiye ye mu ishami rishinzwe abakozi igaragaza ko yakoze nk’umukozi ushinzwe ku-

genzura imisoro mu ishami rishinzwe imisoro muri Kigali kandi ntiyigeze azamurwa mu

ntera.242

16. Karangwa Ildephonse

Yavutse mu 1957 mu yahoze ari Komini Musambira, Perefegitura Gitarama .

Karangwa Ildephonse yari umwana wa Mukandanga Godeberthe na

Murengera David. Yashakanye na Mujawamariya babyarana abana babiri

aribo: Mutuyeyezu Justin wavutse mu 1988, na Mukashyaka Jeanne wavutse

mu 1990.243

Karangwa yize amashuri ya Siyanse mu Byimana kandi arangiza ku wa 4, Nyakanga

1977. Yagiye muri Kaminuza y’ u Rwanda (UNR). Yakoze nk’ushinzwe kugenzura imiso-

ro mu ishami rishinzwe za gasutamo mu yahoze ari MINIFIN muri Kigali afite nomero

y’umurimo No. 8635. Indanga muntu ye mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA yerekana ko yari Umu-

hutu ariko ubu bushakashatsi bwatahuye ko yahinduye ubwoko ( Umututsi) nk’uko

byabaye ku bandi Batutsi mbere ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.244

Yishwe ku wa 7,Mata 1994. Umugore we yarokotse Jenoside hamwe n’abana babo babiri.

17. Karera Anastase

Yavutse mu 1956 i Nyagatovu, Mukarange, mu yahoze ari Komini Kayonza.

Ise yitwaga Gakeri Alexandre na nyina Nyiramadidagwa Thérèsie. Yash-

akanye na Kayitegeye Athanasie babyaranye abana b’abakobwa babiri. Yari

atuye mu Nyakabanda, iyahoze ari segiteri Nyamirambo, Komini Nyarugenge.

Yize seminari ya Zaza nyuma ajya mu iseminari nkuru ya Nyakibanda. Mu

242 Ibid 243 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/79-karangwa-ildephonse - rwasuwe ku wa 17 Ukwakira , 2017 244 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 4 Ukwakira,

111

1990, yari atuye Remera kandi yari ku rutonde rw’ibyitso bya RPF-INKOTANYI. Amaze

kubona ko bashakaga kumufunga yimukiye i Nyamirambo.245

Yakoraga mu “bijyanye n’icungamari " mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari afite nomero

y’umurimo No. 8120.

Yishwe ku wa 9,Mata 1994 hafi y’urugo rwe. Yatwawe ku ngufu avanwa mu rugo

n’umutwe w’abasiviri maze yicirwa Nyakabanda, Nyamirambo. Yishwe aciwe umutwe.

Umuryango we ukeka ko umubiri we ushyinguwe ku rwibutso rwa Gisozi kubera ko imibi-

ri yose yiciwe aho hantu yajyanywe gushyingurwa hamwe. Umugore we yarokotse Jenoside

hamwe n’abana babo: Mukayiranga Anita na Bamuyugire Benita.246

245 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we Kayitegeye Athanasie, Nzeli 17, 2017 246 Ibid

112

18. Karera Valère

Karera yavutse mu 1953 i Nyamasheke. Ise yitwaga Mafaranga Innocent na

nyina ni Mukangwije Mamerca. Yari atuye Rwezamenyo, Nyamirambo. Yash-

akanye na Utamuriza Marie-Rose babyaranye abana babiri . Umugore we

yarokotse Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi hamwe n’abana babo babi-

ri : Karera Mahoro Nancy na Kampire Victoire.

Yakoze nk’ushinzwe kugenzura za gasutamo mu ishami rishinzwe za gasutamo mu yahoze

ari minisiteri y’imari afite nomero y’umurimo No. 8612. Yakoze by’igihe gito ku mipaka ya

Gisenyi na Rusizi.247

Igihe cy’intambara yo kubohora igihugu, yafunzwe nk’icyitso cya RPF-Inkotanyi. Ubwo

yari muri gereza , yakorewe iyica rubozo ariko nyuma ararekurwa. Yapfuye nyuma gato

kubera ingaruka z’iyica rubozo yakorewe mu 1991. Yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro na bo mu

muryango we.248

19. Kagorora Thomas

Kagorora yavutse ku wa 31,Mutarama 1965 mu yahoze ari Komini Sake,

Perefegitura Kibungo.249 Ababyeyi be ni Rwampeta Mathieu na Mukamazim-

paka Césarie. Yashakanye na Umurungi Médiatrice babyaranye abana babiri :

Kagorora Alain Maxime na Kagorora Lucky Yvan. Batuye Gatsata.

Yize kandi arangiza amashuri yisumbuye kuri St. Fidèle I Gisenyi. Yakoze mu ishami

rishinzwe ubugenzuzi bwa za Gasutamo mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari .

Yishwe muri Gashyantare 1994 i Gikondo. Abamwishe ntibazwi kandi yiciwe ku ka-

zi.umubiri we ntiwigeze uboneka ngo ushyingurwe mu cyubahiro. Umugore we n’abana

babiri barokotse Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.250

247 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umuvandimwe Nyiransengimana Jacqueline, Nzeli 17, 2017 248Ibid

249 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 4 Ukwakira, 2017 250 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we, Nzeli 24, 2017

113

20. Kayijuka Callixte Kayijuka Callixte yavutse mu 1963 mu yahoze ari Komini Rwamatamu,Perefegitura ya

Kibuye. Ababyeyi be ni Simugomwa Silas na Nyiramwami Euphrasie. Yashakanye na Muk-

abandora Donatien babyarana abana babiri . yari atuye Mahembe, Kibuye.

Kuva 1988 kugeza 1990, yize mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’imari ya Leta mu ishami ry’imisoro

abona impamya bumenyi.251 Yakoze nk’umucungamari mu ishami rishinzwe imisoro mu

yahoze ari minisiteri y’imari.252

Yishwe kuwa 7,Mata 1994. Yiciwe Nyabugogo yicishwa amahiri n’imipanga. Umubiri we

ntiwigeze uboneka ngo ushyingurwe mu cyubahiro. Umugore we yarakotse Jenoside yo mu

1994 yakorewe Abatutsi hamwe n’abana be babiri: Rwika Salvator na Sylvie.253

21. Kayishema Théodore

Yavutse mu 1961 i Rwabisindu, mu yahoze ari Komini Rwamatamu,

Perefegitura ya Kibuye.Ababyeyi be ni Charles na Nyirakanyenzi F. Yize

amashuli y’Isumbuye ya Siyanse mu Byimana mu gashami ka “Siyanse”.

Kayishema yahawe akazi n’iyahose ari MINEFINECO ku wa 23 Ukuboza,

1980.254 Yakoze nk’umugenzuzi w’imisoro munishami rishinzwe imisoro Rwamagana, mu

yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo afite nomero y’umurimo No. 8621. Yiciwe Rwama-

gana kandi umubiri we washyinguwe mu cyubahiro ku rwibutsso rwa Jenoside rwa

Kigarama.255

22. Kayitesi Béatrice

Yavutse kuwa 5,Nyakanga 1963 I Rwamagana, mu yahoze ari Komini Ru-

tonde , Perefegitura ya Kibugo. Kayitesi Beatrice yari umukobwa wa Ni-

wemwana na Gakwaya. Yize muri Lycée Notre Dame de Citeaux arangiza

mu by’ubukungu.

251 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira , 2017 252 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwo bakoranaga, Kimihurura, Nzeli 20, 2017 253 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 15, Ukwakira , 2017

254 Ibid. 255 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na MPS, Inyubako y’Inteko Ishinga amategeko, Nzeli 27, 2017

114

Kayitesi Béatrice yatangiye akazi kuwa 30 Nzeli 1983 nk’umunyamabanga mu Bugenzuzi

Bukuru mu ishami rishinzwe imari mu yahoze ari MINIFINECO.256 Yaarashwe muri

Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

23. Karasira Innocent

Yavutse mu 1960 i Gitondorero, mu yahoze ari Komini Muko. Karasira Innocent yari um-

wana wa Rwarinda na Nyirankwavu. Yize amashuri abanza ku kigo cy’amashuri Mutagatifu

Sipuriyani mu gashami k’amashuri abanza aciritse arangiza muri Kamena 1980. Yahawe

akazi kuwa 1 Nzeli 1980 mu yahoze ari MINIFINECO nk’umunyabanga afite nomero

y’umurimo No. 13285.257

24. Karuranga Frédéric

Yavutse mu 1938 mu Kiyovu, mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarugenge. Yari

atuye Nyamirambo. Ababyeyi be ni Zikuriza na Nyiranjangwe. Yari afite

impamyabumenyi mu Bucuruzi .Yari umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’Ubugenzuzi

mu yahoze afri Minisiteri y’Imari afite nomero y’umurimo No. 773.258 Ya-

rashwe n’interahamwe muri Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

25. Kanyabugande

Kanyabugande yari umwana wa Karuganda na Mujawabahari. Yavukiye mu yahoze ari

Komini Nyabisindu, Perefegitura ya Butare mu 1960.

Yari afite impamya bumenyi yo mu msahuri yisumbuye mu Binyabuzima no mu Butabire

yabonye mu ishuri rya Siyanse rya Nyanza. Yarangije kuwa 23 Kamena , 1988. Yize kandi

muri Kaminuza y’ u Rwanda mu ishami rya Siyanse , agashami gato k’Ibinyabuzima kuva

1988 – 1989 ariko ntiyarangije umwaka wa mbere. Yari umwanditsi wungirije muri Min-

isiteri y’Imari .259

256 Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukuboza , 2017 257 Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 5 Ukuboza , 2017 258 Ibid. 259 Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 4, Ukuboza , 2017

115

26. Lionçon Ferdinand260

Yavutse mu 1969 muri serire Kawangire, Rukara, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura

ya Kibungo. Lionçon Ferdinand yari umwana wa Sentama na Nyirahumure.

Yize mu ishuri rya Mutagatifu Aloys Rwamagana aho yaboneye impamya

bumenyi mu by’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi . yarangije ku wa 29,Kamena 1989.261

Yiciwe I Nemba ku mupaka w’Uburundi mu Bugesera aho yakoraga mu ishami

rishinzwe za Gasutamo aho yakoraga nk’umukozi ushinzwe ubugenzuzi bwa za gasutamo

afite nomero y’umurimo N0 15606.262 Umubiri we ntiwigeze uboneka ngo ushyingurwe

mu cyubahiro.

27. Mbayiha Eugène

Mbayiha Eugène yahoze ari umwana wa Ngombwa Simon na Nyirabatware

Théodore. Yavukiye mu yahoze ari serire Butambamo, segiteri Nzahaha,

Komini Gishoma,Perefegitura Cyangugu. Mbayiha yavutse mu 1961. Yize mu

kigo cy’amashuri abanza cya Mushaka maze yiga amashuri yisumbuye mu

by’ubukungu mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kansi muri Butare arangiza mu 1982. Yarangije

mu ishuri rikuru ry’Imari ya Leta mu bucuruzi n’ibaruramari mu 1990 . Yari akiri ingara-

gu igihe yapfaga kandi yaratuye I Nyamirambo, mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarugenge .

Yakoraga n’umukozi ushinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’imisoro muri Gikongoro na Butare, afite

nomero y’umurimo No. 10517.263 Igihe Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi yabaga , Mba-

yiha yakoraga ku cyicaro cya Minisiteri y’Imari mu ishami rishinzwe imisoro. Yari

umuvugizi w’uburenganzira bwa muntu kandi yari mu mashyira hamwe atandukanye

y’uburenganzira bwa muntu.264 Ku kazi, yakorerwaga ivangura n’iitotezwa n’Abahutu

b’intagondwa bagenzi be bakoranaga bamuhimbaga izina rya “Kigeli wa I” kubera babona-

ga ko basa .

260 Yari ku rutonde rwa bagomba kwicwa muri MINECOFIN, amazina agaragaramo nka “LIYON-SO” ariko amadosiye ya MIFOTRA agaragaza Lionçon 261 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira , 2017 262 Ibid 263 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira , 2017 7 264 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwo bakoranaga ku kazi no kuri Kaminuza, Kimihurura, Nzeli 20, 2017

116

Yabanaga n’umuvandimwe we witwa Mbanda Eustache, bicanywe. Mbere y’uko bicwa ,

interahamwe zamubwiye ko zizabagirira nabi. Abicanyi basahuye n’ibintu byo mu nzu yabo

kugeza ubwo bayejeje. Nyuma interahamw zafunze umuhanda hafi y’urugo rwabo kugira

ngo badasohoka. Muri iyo nzu babagamo, harimo abandi Batutsi bajyanwe umwe umwe

bajyanwa kwicwa bo barabasiga ariko bafite umugambi wo kwereka bene wabo ko basho-

bora kugenda no kugaruka ku bica igihe icyo aricyo cyose.

Bishwe ni mugoroba wo kuwa kw’isabato 26, Kamena 1994. Barabarashe babajugunya

mu rwobo ariko ntibahise bapfa. Nyuma, interahamwe zimwe zaraje zisanga bakiriho

zibica ako kanya zikoresheje gerenade. Umubiri we washyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Gisozi.

Yibukwa nk’umuntu waru fite ikinyabupfura 265

28. Muhigana Nkusi Jean

Yavutse kuwa 8 Kamena 1962 muri Byahi, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya

Gisenyi Muhigana Nkunsi Jean n’umwana wa Muhigana Callixte na Muk-

amurara. Nomero ye y’umurimo No. 14532. Yize mu kigo cya E.N.S.F.A.B

mu ishami ry’imari, i Kinshasa, mu yahoze ari Zaire.266

29. Mugwiza Vénant

Mugwiza Vénant n’umwana wa Kazimbaya na Mukanyenga. Yavutse kuwa 14 ,

Ugushyingo, 1966 mu yahoze ari Komini Rutongo, Kigali Ngali. Yize amashuri yisumbuye

mu by’ubukungu n’ubucuruzi mu kigo cya Mutagatifu Aloys Rwamagana arangiza ku wa

24 Kamena 1988.

Yakoraga mu yahoze ari MINIFINECO afite nomero y’umurimo No. 13954. Dosiye ye mu

ishami rishinzwe abakozi yerekana ko yari Umuhutu n’ubwo yari Umututsi nk’uko big-

aragazwa n’ ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi. Yahinduye indangamuntu ye ahinduka

Umuhutu ku mpamvu zo kigira ngo ashobore kubaho.267

265Ikiganirocyatanzwenamusazawe,Edmond,Nzeli25,2017

266 Ibid. 267 Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe ku wa 6 Ukwakira , 2017

117

30. Mukamurigo Théodosie

Yavutse kuwa 13 Gicurasi, 1966 i Rwamiko, mu yahoze ari Komini Kibayi,

Perefegitura ya Butare. Ababyeyi be ni Ntawuzibiramuka na Uzarama. Yari

umunyamabanga kandi afite nomero y’umurimo No. 13922.

Yarangije amashuri yisumbuye mu kigo Lycée Notre Dame de Citeaux

kandi yarangije ku wa 24 Kamena, 1988. 268

31. Mukaramushi Pierre-Claver

Mukaramushi Pierre Claver n’umwana wa Bugingo na Maseko. Yavukiye i Rwimishinya,

mu yahoze ari Komini Rukara, Perefegitura ya Kibungo mu 1955. Yari yarashatse.

Yakoraga nk’umunyamabanga mu ishami rishinzwe imisoro ku Muhima afite npmero

y’umurimo No. 7076. Dosiye ye mu ishami rishinzwe abakozi yerekana ko yari Umuhutu ari

ko ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byemeza ko yari Umututsi. Yari afite impamya bume-

nyi y’amashuri ysumbuye mu gukora ibishushanyo by’ubwubatsi mu ishuri rya Muram-

bi .269 yari atuye ku Muhima, mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarugenge, Umujyi wa Kigali.

32. Mukaremera Immaculée

Yavutse mu 1962 muri Ngoma, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare.

Yishwe n’interahamwe.

33. Mucyo Eustache

Mucyo Eustache n’umwana wa Mucyowintore na Uzanyamaberuka. Yavutse kuwa 26

Gicurasi, 1955 muyahoze ari Komini Mbazi, Perefegitura ya Butare. Yarangije amashuri yi-

sumbuye i Bujumbura, Burundi, akomeza mu Kilatini na Siyansi. Yakoraga nk’umunyabanga

mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari afite nomero y’umurimo No. 9077.270

268 MIFOTRA archives, consulted on October 6, 2017 269 Ibid. 270 MIFOTRA archives, consulted on October 5, 2017

118

34. Mukashema Anne-Marie

Mukashema Anne-Marie yavutse mu 1965 muri serire Ruvumbu, mu yahoze

ari Komini Rwamatamu,Perefegitura Kibuye.271 Ise ni Kayijuka Aloys na

nyina ni Mukangirumwami Agnès. Mukashema yize mu kigo cy’ababikira

cya Muramba niho yarangirije abona impamyabumenyi mu mashuri yi-

sumbuye mu bukungu n’Ubucuruzi .272 yahawe akazi nk’umukozi wakira imisoro mu

ishami rishinzwe imisoro mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari ku cyicaro cya Minisiteri -

Kigali. Yari atuye mu Gatsata mu gihe yakoraga . igihe cya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yako-

rewe Abatutsi, yari ingaragu afite umwana witwa Muhire Jean-Paul warokotse Jenoside yo

mu 1994. Yabyaranye uwo mwana w’umuhungu na Nsengimana Jean de Dieu nawe wari

Umututsi wishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi wakoraga mu yahoze ari Minisiteri

y’Imari.

Uretse kuba yaratotezwaga ku kazi kimwe n’abandi bagenzi be b’Abatutsi, aho ababyeyi

bari batuye barahasatse bibatwaje ko bakoranaga na RPF-Inkotanyi. Jenoside yakorewe

Abatutsi yatangiye yagiye mu kazi ku Kibuye kandi yiciwe I Nyange, mu yahoze ari

Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Umubiri we ntiwigeze uboneka ngo ashyingurwe mu cyu ba-

hiro.273

35. Mukayitesi Françoise

Yavutse ku wa 1 Nyakanga, 1967 i Nyagihunika mu yahoze ari Komini

Kanzenze, Nyamata. Mukayitesi Francoise n’umukobwa wa Birota Léodomir

na Kabagwiza Rosarie. Mukayitesi yari atuye i Maranyundo.

Mukayitesi yize ku ishuri ryisumbuye rya Zaza arangiza ku wa 29 Kamena,

1989. Mukayitesi Francoise yari umunyamabanga mu Ishami rishinzwe za Gasutamo afite

nomero y’umurimo No. 16932.274 Yiciwe ku rusengero rwa Nyamata, Bugesera.275

271 Urubuga: http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles?start=85 –rwasuwe ku-wa 29 Ukwakira 29, 2017 272 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe ku wa 5,Ukwakira 2017 273Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umwana w’umukobwa muto witwa Mukasine Agathe, Nzeli 17 2017 274 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe ku wa 4,Ukwakira 2017

119

36. Murasi Ignace

Murasi Ignace n’umuhungu wa Kanyandekwe na Kamugwera, yavukiye mu yahoze ari

Komini Shyorongi, Kigali Ngali, mu 1946.yize mu Ishuri rya seminari rya Mutagatifu Pau-

lo i Kigali kandi arangiza mu ndimi no mu kigiriki. Yarangije kuwa 5 Nyakanga 1966.

Yashakanye na Mukamugema babyarana abana bane: Murasi Prime wavutse kuwa

21,Kamena 1973, Murasi Second wavutse kuwa 13,Gicurasi 1975, Murasi Trine wavutse

kuwa 20 Gashyantare, 1978 na Murasi Marine wavutse kuwa 4,Gicurasi 1981. He worked

as a store keeper in Customs Department and his employment No. was 2420.276

37. Munyangeri Damien Yavutse mu 1965. Ise yitwa Sebihobe naho nyina ni Nyirakinanira. Yari atuye

muyahoze ari perefegitura Gitarama. Yakoraga nk’umukozi ushinzwe kugen-

zura imisoro mu ishami rishinzwe imisoro mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gita-

rama.

Yishwe muri Gicurasi 1994. Yabanje gukubitwa insinga z’amashanyarazi nyuma akubitwa

ubuhiri mu mutwe i Gitarama. Umubiri we warashyinguwe. Umugore we n’abana be

hamwe n’abandi bavandimwe batatu barokotse Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi. Yibu-

kirwa ko yahora agishije make.

38. Munyemana François

Yavukiye i Rusororo, Kabuga mu 1966. Munyemana Francois yari umwana

wa Kimonyo na Madamu. Yize amashuri yisumbuye i Kansi yarangije mu

Mibare n’Ubugeni.

Yahawe akazi muri MINIFIN kuwa 12,Werugwe 1990 nk’umunyabanga

275Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe ku wa 19,Ukwakira 2017, 2017 276 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe ku wa 6 Ukwakira , 2017

120

afite nomero y’umurimo No. 15330.277 Yiciwe hafi y’umusigiti w’abisiramu i Nyamirambo

aho yari yihishe .278

39. Murara Jean-Pierre

Murara Pierre yavutse mu 1958 i Mutare, mu yahoze ari Komini Ngoma. Ise

ni Ngirabega Oswald na nyina ni Harelimana Josée. Yari atuye Sahera, mu

yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare. yakoraga mu ishami rishinzwe za Gasu-

tamo nk’unshinzwe kugenzura za gasutamo mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya

Butare. Murara yize kuri seminar nto ya Karubanda i Butare. Yashakanye na Kayitesi Hy-

cinthe.

Yakubiswe kugeza apfuye i Mukura, Perefegitura ya Butare, muri Gicurasi 1994. Umubiri

we wajugunywe mu musarane .Umubiri we washyinguwe ku rwibutso rwa Sahera .

umugore we yarokotse Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi hamwe n’abana be na

bashiki be batatu.279

40. Murekezi Fidèle

Murekezi Fidèle yavutse mu 1960 muri serire Shingamuri, Segiteri Masoro,

mu yahoze ari Komini Rutongo, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rulindo. Ise ni Ibam-

basi Jean na nyina ni Musanganiye Véronique. Yashakanye na Kanyamibwa

Christine, babyarana abana babiri: Murangira Kirezi Dominique Savio na

Murekezi Cyizere Don-Bosco. Yize amashuri yisumbuye muByimana aho yabonye im-

pamya bumenyi y’amashuri yisumbuye. Yakomereje amashuri mu Bufaransa aho yabonye

impamyabumenyi ya Kaminuza.280

Igihe yarangizaga amashuri yisumbuye, yatangiye mu gukora mu yahoze ari Minisiteri

y’Imari mu ishami rishinwe imisoro afiye nomero y’umurimo No. 9406.281 Yatangiye 277 Ibid. 278 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe ku wa 20 Nzeli , 2017 279 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na mushikiwe, Nzeli 14, 2017 280 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugorewe we ku Muhima, Nzeli 17, 2017

121

gukora ku cyicaro cya Minisiteri mu 1981 nyuma yoherezwa ku Gisenyi aho yakoze kugeza

1986 mbere yo kugaruka Kigali ahamara inyaka mike. Muri Gashyantare 1990, yoherejwe

Cyangugu nk’Umuyobozi ushinzwe kugenzura imisoro aho yari akuriye Ishami rishinzwe

imisoro mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Cyangugu.282

Igihe yari Cyangugu, Murekezi yakorewe iyica rubozo n’umugore we Kanyamibwa Chris-

tine wari utwite. Bakubiswe inshuro nyinshi kugeza ubwo batashoboraga kugenda. Bara-

fashwe barafungwa. Igihe barekurwaga, imodoka ya Leta yari afite i Cyangugu

yarayambuwe nta bisobanuro. Ntiyari yemerewe gukoresha imodoka ye atagaragaje urupa-

puro rw’inzira “Feuille de route” ku mpamvu y’uko yari Umututsi.283

Bari bibasiwe n’umusirikari witwa Manishimwe Emmanuel wari uzi neza ko umugore wa

Murekezi Fidèle yari afite ababyeyi b’impunzi babarizwa mu gihugu cyitwaga Zaire. Amaze

kumenya ayo mateka, uwo musirikare yakwije ayo makuru ku Bahutu b’intagondwa bo

muri Cyangugu ko yari Umututsi. Icyavyemo, n’uko, Murekezi n’umugore we bashinjwe

ko umugore we arimo gukwirakwiza ingengabiterezo ya RPF-Inkotanyi mu Rwanda.284

Mu 1993, RTLM yatangaje ibihuha by’uko Murekezi yagiye Bukavu guhura n’Inkotanyi.

Ubwa kabiri, RTLM yatangaje ko “Inyenzi yitwa Murekezi ushinzwe kugenzura imisoro

yakoresheje inama y’Inkotanyi muri imwe mu mahoteri yo ku Gisenyi” ariko kuri uwo

munsi, Murekezi yari ku Kibuye akurikira umupira w’amaguru hagati y’ikipe ya Kibuye

na Cyangugu. Ubwa gatatu, kuri pasika, Radio RTLM yatangaje ko Murekezi yarimo akore-

sha inama yitabiriwe n’Abatutsi bose. Radiyo yavuze amazina yabo, riko ntibyari ukuri.

Radiyo yahimbye amazina yabitabiriye inama, ivuga ko bamwe muri bo bari Abatutsi bate-

guraga kwica Abahutu. Murekezi niwe wari uwambere ku rutonde.285

Mu gitondo cyo kuwa 6 , Mata , itsinda ry’abasirikari basatse mu rugo rwa Murekezi, basa

naho bafite umugambi wo ku mwica ariko bamusabye amafaranga. Kuwa 7 Mata 1994, we

n’umuryango we baracitse. Murekezi yahungiye mu kigo cy’abihaye Imana cya Karimeri-

ya cyari cyegereye urugo rwe. Yavuye aho igihe umwe mu babikira yatanze amakuru kuri

Perefe mushya - Bagambiki Emmanuel - ko Murekezi yari yihishe aho. Yasanze umugore

281 Inyandiko yo mububiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira, 2017 282 Inyandiko yo mububiko bwa MIFOTRA, Ukwakira, 2017 283MIFOTRA archives, October 6, 2017 284Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, Kuwa 6,Ukwakira 2017 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, Kuwa 6,Ukwakira 2017

122

we n’abandi Batutsi bari mu rugo rwo kwa Bishop Ntihinyurwa Thaddée wanze ku muki-

za .

Kuwa 16, Mata 1994, itsinga ry’abasirikare barabagose bafite imbunda zikomeye.Kubera

ko bari bari kuri Katedarare ya Cyangugu kandi Bishop Ntihinyurwa n’abasirikari baba-

shakishije kugeza babasanze ku kibuga cy’umupira cya Kamarampaka. Hari, Perefe

Bagambiki Emmanuel, abashinjacyaha,abacuruzi, polisi n’abasirikare baje bafite urutonde

rw’Abatutsi bitwaga “Inkotanyi zikomeye” l bisobanuye “ Inkotanyi Ikomeye ”. Murekezi

yari kandi ku rutonde rwa mbere.286

Kuwa 16,Mata 1994, Murekezi n’abandi Batutsi bishwe batemaguwe n’imipanga bishwe

na Perefe, abasirikari n’interahamwe zo muri Gatandara, Cyangugu. Mbere y’uko bicwa,

bajyanywe ku biro bya Jendarumori aho bafungiwe amasaha make. Brishwe kandi imibiri

yabo ijugunywa mu musarane w’umwe mu nzirakarengane witwaga Habimana François.

Mbere y ‘uko babajungunya mu musarane babakuyemo imitima yabo iribwa ako kanya

n’interahamwe.287 Ibice by’imibiri yabo byazengurukijwe hose mu mayira ya Nyakarenzo,

bayereka Abahutu ko ‘Inyenzi’ ikomeye yumvikanye kuri RTL kandi yateguraga kwica

Abahutu, yapfuye noneho. N’imibiri yabishwe yakorerwaga iyica rubozo kugira kandi aba-

turage bari bahari bibonera uko kwerekana imibiri kandi bemerewe kugira icyo bakora

cyose bashaka ku mibiri , harimo no kuyikubita.

Umubiri we washyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu murenge wa Cyimbogo. Umugore we yaro-

kotse Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi, hamwe n’abana be babiri.288 Murekezi yi-

bukwa nk’umukinyi w’umupira w’amaguru, intoki, na baseketi. Yari umukuru w’ikipe ya

baseketi akaba n’umubitsi w’ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru ya Cyangugu. Yahawe imidari

myinshi mu mikono.289

41. Murenzi Augustin

Murenzi Augustin yavutse kuwa 29Werurwe, 1941 i Rutare, muyahoze ari perefegitura ya

Byumba. Ababyeyi be ni Mbonyi na Numugore. Murenzi yashakanye na Mutwakazi

wavukiye Mwendo. Yize amashuri yisumbuye arangiza mu kigiriki n’ikilatini kuri seminar

286Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, Kuwa 6,Ukwakira 2017, 2017 287Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, Ukwakira 6, 2017 288 Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, Ukwakira 6, 2017 289 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we ku Muhima, Nzeli 17, 2017

123

into ya Nyundo. Yahawe akazi ku wa 1,Nzeli , 1966 muri MINIFIN nk’umunyamabanga

ku yahoze ari perefegitura ya Byumba afite nomero y’umurimo No. 1614.290

42. Musonera Oswald

Musonera yavutse mu 1944 mu yahoze ari Komini Kabarondo, Perefegitura

ya Kibungo. Ise ni Kamangu Pierre na nyina ni Mukankusi Rose. Yize

amashuri abanza ya Rwinkwavu aho se yigishaga arangiza amashuri yi-

sumbuye kuri semineri nto ya Zaza. Yashakanye na Kayisire Edisa wako-

mokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Muhazi mu yahoze ari Su Perefegitura ya Rwamagana.

Babyaranye abana barindwi: Musonera Beata, Musonera Gilbert, Nyiratunga Consolée,

Musemakweri Jean-Pierre, Ibambasi Patrice, Willy Brord Rudatsikira na Musanganire

Georgette. Yari atuye Nyarugunga, mu yahoze ari Komini Kanombe.

Mbere yo kujya gukora muri mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari, yakoze mu mabuye

y’agaciro Rwinkwavu igihe cy’imyaka ibiri. Musonera yakoze nk’umukozi ushinzwe ku-

genzura serivisi za gasutamo ku mipaka itandukanye harimo Kagitumba, Gatuna, no Kibu-

ga cy’indege cya Kanombe. Igihe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiye , yakoraga

k’umupaka wa Gisenyi. Jenoside yatangiye yagiye mu kiruhuko cy’umwaka mu rugo Kigali-

Kanombe.

Musonera n’umugore we bishwe ku wa 7 Mata 1994. biciwe hafi y’aho atuye

n’interahamwe. Batewe n’abasirikari n’interahamwe. Bahungiye mu nzu yabo yaje gut-

wikwa nyuma. Abana babo bahisemo guhungira ku baturanyi nyamara barabirukanye.

Umgore we yafashwe ku ngufu mbere y’uko yicwa. Abana bicishijwe imipanga uretse umu-

kobwa mukuru wajugunywe mu cyobo ari muzima. Musonera yiciwe iwe mu rugo i Ka-

nombe hamwe n’abagize umuryango we wose kuko bari bahari bari mu kwizihiza umunsi

290 Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, Ukwakira 6, 2017

124

mukuru w’umubatizo w’umwana wabo. Musonera n’umugore we n’abana be bashyinguwe

mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside i Nyanza,mu Karere ka Kicukiro.291

43. Muterahejuru Jean-Baptiste

Muterahejuru Jean-Baptiste yavutse mu 1955 mu yahoze ari Komini Huye ,

Perefegitura ya Butare. Ababyeyi be ni Nsabimana na Nyirahabineza. Yash-

akanye na Mukamurara babyaranye abana bane: Nsengimana wavutsee ku wa

2 Ukwakira, 1981; Nshimiye wavutse kuwa 21 Werugwe , 1983; n’undi

wavutse kuwa 18 , Mutarama 1985 na Numutesi wavutse kuwa 13 Nyakanga,

1987.

Yakoze mu ishami rishinzwe imisoro kuva 29,Ugushyingo 1977 nk’umunyamabanga ku

Muhima afite nomero y’umurimo No. 6902. Dosiye ye mu ishami rishinzwe abakozi muri

MIFOTRA igaragaza ko yari Umuhutu.292

44. Mugabo Albert293

Yari yungirije ushinzwe kugenzura imisoro mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Muri

Cyangugu, Mugabo yakorewe itotezwa hamwe n’umuyobozi we Murekezi nawe wari

Umututsi. Yafunzwe muri 1990 mu gihe cyo gufungura Abatutsi bashinjwaga gukorana na

RPF Inkotanyi. We na Murekezi baregwaga gukorana n’umugabo witwa Valerie wari

Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe za Gasutamo kandi wari Umututsi.

Mu 1993, amwe mu mazina y’Abatutsi afatwaga nk’abagambanyi bakomeye muri

Cyangungu yatangajwe kuri RTLM radio, naho izina rya Mugabo ryari rimwe muyavuzwe.

Igihe Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiraga, Mugabo yahungiye kuri 291Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umwana we Gilbert Musonera mu Kagarama, Akarere ka Kicukiro , Nzeli 18, 2017 292Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe ku wa 6 Ukwakira, 2017 293 Ku rutonde rwa MINECOFIN rw’ abazize Jenoside agaragaraho nka MUGABO Abel ariko n’ikosa ryakozwe.

125

Katedarare ya Cyangugu ariko biba iby’ubusa ku ko kuwa 16,Mata 1990 itsinda

ry’abasirikari baraje barahagota n’intwaro zikomeye barabashorera babajyana kuri sitade

Kamarampaka aho Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, abashinjacyaha, abacuruzi, polisi

n’abasirikari bazanye urutonde rw’Abatutsi (inkotanyi zikomeye ) bagombaga kwicwa.

Mugabo n’abagenzi be b’Abatutsi biciwe ahantu hitwa Gatandara muri Cyangugu. Mbere

y’uko bicwa, bajyanywe kuri Jandarumori maze bahafungirwa igihe gito. Bishwe nyuma

maze imibiri yabo itabwa mu mwobo w’umusarane w’umwe mu nzirakarengane witwa Ha-

bimana François. Ibi byakozwe nyuma y’uko imitima yabo ibazwe ikaribwa ako kanya

n’interahamwe. Mugabo yashyinguwe mu murenge wa Cyimbogo hamwe na Murekezi

Fidele.294

45. Mukeshimana Thadhée

Mukeshimana Thadhée yari umwana wa Semafaranga na Uwambaye. Yavutse mu 1965

muri serire Biko, mu yahoze ari Komini Gisovu, Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Yize ku ishuri ry-

isumbuye ry’ubukungu rya Muramba arangiza mu bucuruzi n’ubukungu . yarangije kuwa

30 Gicurasi, 1987. Yakoraga nk’umukozi ushinzwe kugenzura imari mu ishami rishinwe za

Gasutamo ku Kibuye kandi nomero y’umurimo we ni No. 13287.29546. Muyoboke Daniel

Muyoboke Daniel yari umwana wa Secyondi Tharcisse na Nyiragukura Anastasie. yavutse

ku wa 18,Werugwe 1945 mu yahoze ari Komini Nyaruhengeri,Perefegitura ya Butare. Ya-

koraga nk’umukozi ushinzwe gutwara ubutumwa bw’inzandiko kandi yari afaite nomero

y’umurimo No. 2416.296

47. Mwumvaneza Juvénal

Mwumvaneza Juvénal yavutse mu 1954 i Rwinyambo, mu yahoze ari Komini Shyanda ,

Perefegitura ya Butare. Yari umwana wa Rwanayagahene na Nyiramana. Yakoraga

nk’umukozi ushinzwe ububiko bw’ibikoresho kandi nomero y’umurimo mu hyahoze ari

Minisiteri y’Imari ni N0: 9278.297

48. Ngabonziza Alexis

294 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umuturanyi we, Kanama 19, 2017 295 Ibid. 296 Ibid. 297 Ibid.

126

Yavukiye i Gikondo mu 1963 mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarugenege. Ngabonzi-

za Alexis yatangiye gukora mu yahoze ari MINIFINECO ku wa 22 Ukuboza,

1987 nk’Umunyamabanga afite nomero y’umurimo No. 1963.298

49. Ndayambaje Léon

Yavutse mu 1964. Yakoraga mu ishami rishinzwe ingengo y’imari. Yishwe ku wa 9 Mata,

1994. 299

50. Ndemezo Gonzague

Yavutse mu 1966 i Nyamiyaga, mu yahoze ari Komini Muyira, ;perefegitura ya Butare. Ise

ni Buhozozo Vianney na nyina ni Ngenzi Veneranda. Yari ingaragu kandi atuye i

Nyamirambo. Yari umuhererezi mu muryango wabo. Yize mu mashuri ya siyanse ya By-

imana maze arangiza mu mibare n’ubugenge. Yabonye impamyabumenyi kuwa 30 , Ka-

mena, 1989.

Yakoraga nk’umukozi ushinzwe kugenzura za gasutamo mu ishami rishinzwe za gasutamo

mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’imari mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarugenge afite nomero

y’umurimo No. 17012.300 Yishwe muri Gicurasi 1994 kuri sitasiyo ya polisi i Nyamiram-

bo. Yakorewe iyica rubozo n’abahoze ari ngabo zishinzwe kurinda umukuru w’igihugu.

Umubiri we washyinguwe mu cyubahiro.301

51. Nsabimana Télesphore

Nsabimana Télesphore n’umwana wa Bakundufite na Nyiranshuti. Yavutse kuwa

31,Ugushyingo 1955, i Kinkanga, mu yahoze ari Komini Rusatira, Perefegitura ya Butare.

Yapfuye, yararangije amashuri yisumbuye mu myigishirize mu yahoze ari Zaire. Yahawe

akazi ku wa 4 Ukuboza, 1981 nk’umunyamabanga afite nomero y’umurimo No. 9488.

Dosiye ye mu ishami rishinzwe abakozi ba Leta yerekana ko yari Umuhutu.302

52. Ngendahimana Jaffet

298 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 5 Ukwakira , 2017 299 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles 300 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTR, yasuwe ku wa 6 Ukwakira , 2017 301 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umuvandimwe we, Nzeli 19, 2017 302 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTR, yasuwe ku wa 7 Ukwakira , 2017

127

Ngendahimana Jaffet n’umwana wa Burasa na Mukandekezi, yavukiye mu yahoze ari

Komini Murama , Perefegitura Gitarama. Yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye ry’uubukungu

n’imibereho myiza rya Kansi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare. Yarangije kuwa 2

Nyakanga, 1982. Ndahimana yakoze mu yahoze ari MINIFINECO afite nomero y’umurimo

No. 10021.303 Mu mashuri yisumbuye y’uburezi, bamuhimbaga Saidi. Yari umukinyi

w’umupira w’umuhanga wakinaga mu ikipe y’ishuri.

303 Ibid.

128

53. Ndengiyingoma Shirikisho Jean-Bosco304

Yavutse mu 1964 i Gatsata. Babyeyi be ni Ndengiyingoma Roger na Mukamihigo Juli-

ette. Yari atuye i Kicukiro. Yize amashuri y’ubukanishi bw’imodoka. Yari akiri ingaragu

igihe yapfaga kandi yabanaga n’ababyeyi be.305

Yari umushoferi mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari i Magerwa. Kimwe n’abandi Batutsi,

yaratotejwe kuva 1990-1992 kandi yashinjwaga kuba icyitso cya RPF. Yishwe mu 1994

hafi y’umugezi wa Nyabarongo, aho umubiri we wajugunywe. Yicishijwe imipanga n’abo

bakoranaga b’Abahutu. Umubiri we ntiwabonetse ngo ushyingurwe mu cyubahiro kubera

wajugunywe mu mugezi.306

54. Ngamije Léon

Yavutse mu 1964 i Ntarama, Bugesera. Ise ni Karari Charles naho nyina ni

Nyankobwa Euphrasie. Igihe yarangizaga amashuri abanza i Ntarama, ya-

vukijwe uburenganzira bwo kujya mu mashuri yisumbuye. Yahisemo kujya

mu iseminari atsinda ikizamini cya kiriziya gatulika , maze yemererwa kwin-

jira mu gipadiri. Yize mu iseminari nto ya Ndera . Yabaga mu nkengero za

Gikondo. Yakoraga mu ishami rishinzwe ingengo y’imari afite nomero y’umurimo No.

12349.307 Yari akiri ingaragu igihe yapfaga.

Yakoraga ku cyicaro cya Minisiteri mu ishami rishinzwe ingengo y’imari. Mu 1990,

amaze igihe kinini akora, yasabye umuyobozi we (Minisiti Cyubahiro) ngo amufashe

gutangira kaminuza. Minisitiri yaremeye,maze atangira kwiga mu ishuri rikuru ry’imari ya

Leta i Mburabuturo aho yarangirije. Jenoside yo mu 1994 yatangiye hashize amezi make

Léon arangije amashuri ye.

Ashobora kuba yarishwe kuwa 9 Mata 1994 n’abagenzi be b’abanyeshuri i Mburabuturo,

Gikondo. Yahambwe abona mu rwobo akubitwa kandi akubitwa insinga z’amashanyarazi

304 Ku rutonde rw’abazize Jenoside muri MINECOFIN, agaragara nka Shirikisho nk’izina rimwe

gusa . Ubushakashatsi bwabonye andi mazina.

305 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’abashiki be, Uwimpundu Ndengeyingoma & Uwamahoro Liliane, Nzeli 16, 2017 306 Ibid

307 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6, Ukwakira , 2017

129

n’amabuye. Umubiri we washyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu rwibutsa rwa Jenoside

rw’Akarere ka Kicukiro .

Azahora yibukwa kuba yarangaga ndetse no kutemera amafuti no kubangamira ubu-

renganzira bwa muntu, niyo mpamvu yabaga mu miryango nyinshyi iharanira uburenganzi-

ra bwa muntu . 308

55. Nkulikiye André

yavutse mu 1954 i Nyaruguru, mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Butare.309 Ise ni

Rwakunda François nyina, Mukamuzima Béatrice. Yari atuye mu Gatsata,

muyahoze ari Komini Nyarugenge. Yize muri seminari nkuru ya Nyakiban-

da.

Yakoraga nk’umucungamari mu ishami ry’ibaruramari ya Leta mu yahoze ari Minisiteri

y’Imari kandi yafunzwe inshuro eshatu. Mu gitondo cyo kuwa 7 Mata 1994, interahamwe

na polisi zagose urugo rwe. Bamutegeka gufungura umuryango kandi we n’umuryango we

bakaguma mu nzu . banga gufungura imiryango maze abicanyi batera gerenade nyinshi ba-

zinyujije mu madirishya.310

Mu kanya gato, umuyobozi wa segiteri Gatsata, Gahigi François, yaraje ayoboye igitero

cy’Interahamwe zitwaje intwaro amutegeka gufungura umuryango maze atwara amafa-

ranga yose y’umushahara yari yahembwe ku munsi ubanza . umunsi ukurikira, interaham-

we ziri kumwe n’umuyobozi wa segiteri baragarutse baramwica bakoresheje intwaro za

gakondo. Yishwe kuwa 8,Mata 1994 iwe murugo mu Gatsata. Yarakubiswe ndetse aterwa

amabuye kugeza apfuye . Abamwishe ni Kagorora, na Gahigi uri muri Gereza ya

Mageragere.311

Umugore we n’abana be bararokotse kandi nyuma bashoboye kumushyingura . ariko

nyuma umubiri we wajyanye ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisozi . 312 Abana be - Mugabo

Aimable, Mukeshimana Benitha, Muhizi Lambert, Jacqueline na Mukandayambaje Sym-

308 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na mushiki we Udusabire Marie, Nzeli 15, 2017 309 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/98-nkurikiye-andre 310 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we Mukandayambaje Symhrose, Nzeli 13, 2017 311 Ibid 312 Ibid

130

phrose - barokotse Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi bambuka bajya iBurundi.

Umugore warokotse yabonye abana be nyuma y’umwaka Jenoside ihagaritswe.313

56. Nkumbuye Juvénal

Nkumbuye Juvénal yavutse mu 1958 muyahoze ari Komini Kigombe,

Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri.314 Ababyeyi be ni Munyangango Joseph na

Kankindi Cansilde. Yashakanye na Gasengayire Alice babyaranye abana ba-

tatu- Nkumbuye Olivier, Munyangango Audace na Ngaboyisonga Oreste. Bari

batuye i Gikondo. Nkumbuye Juvénal yakoraga nk’umukozi ushinzwe kugenzura za gasu-

tamo mu ishami rishinzwe za gasutamo mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’imari ku Kibuga

cy’indege cya Kanombe mu ishami rishinzwe indege za gisiviri.

Yishwe kuwa 11 Mata, 1994 kuri ETO Kicukiro, Kigali. Umubiri we washyinguwe mu

cyubahiro. ku bw’amahirwe umugore we n’abana be batatu barokotse Jenoside yo 1994 ya-

korewe Abatutsi. Yibukwa nk’umuntu wakundaga umuryango we n’abandi bantu muri

rusange. Yagiraga urukundo, acisha make kandi igihe cyose yararimbaga. Yakundaga

gukora no kurangiza inshingano ze ku gihe.

57. Nkusi Jean-Paul

Nkusi Jean-Paul yakoze mu ishami rishinzwe za gasutamo ku Muhima.

58. Nsengimana Jean de Dieu

Nsengimana yavutse mu 1965 mu yahoze ari Komini Rwamatamu ,

Perefegitura ya Kibuye . yari umwene Nyamusherengwa Sebastien na Ma-

jangwe Anastasie. Yarangije amashuri yisumbuye kuri Seminar into ya Nyundo.

Yakomeje kwiga kuri Kaminuza Mutagatifu Fidèle aho yaboneye impamya-

bumenyi ya Kaminuza mu Icungamutungo n’icungamari. Yashakanye na Nzasangamariya

Christine wishwe muri Jenoside yo 1994. Umugore we yishwe atwite kuko bari biteze

kwibaruka umwana w’imfura. Nyamara, yagize umugisha wo kubyara umwana n’uwo ba-

tashakanye amubyarana na Mukashema Anne-Marie – nawe wari Umututsikazi wishwe

313 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we Kanyamibwa Christine, Nzeli 14, 2017 314Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/97-nkumbuye-juvenal

131

muri Jenoside wakoraga mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari. Umwana w’umuhungu wabo

yitwa Muhire Jean-Paul utuye ubu i Gikondo,Akarere ka Kicukiro,mu mujyi wa Kigali .

Nsengimana yari atuye muri segiteri Nyakabanda mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarugenge ,

umujyi wa Kigali. Yatangiye gukora mu yahoze ari MINIFIN kuwa 11 Kamena, 1986

nk’umunyamabanga afite nomero y’umurimo No. 12105.315 Yiciwe i Nyakabanda hamwe

n’umugore we . imibiri yabo yashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Gisozi- Kigali .

59. Nsengimana Gaspard

Nsengimana Gaspard n’umwana wa Nzabarinda na Nyiramirimo. Yavutse mu

1956 mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarutovu,Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri. Yash-

akanye na Kantarama babyarana abana batatu - Numuhire, Mwizerwa na

Ingabire Denise. Yari atuye i Bwisha.

Yari afite impamyabumenyi ya Kaminuza mu ishami ry’Ubunyabuzima yabone muri Ka-

minuza y’u Rwanda. Yarangije ku wa 6 Ukwakira, 1982. Dosiye ye muri MIFOTRy-

erekana ko yakoraga nk’umunyamabanga afite nomero y’umurimo No. 12157. In-

dangamuntu ye yerekana ko yari Umuhutu ariko ibyavuye mu bushakashatssi byerekana ko

yari Umututsi.316

60. Ntamabyariro Faustin

Yavutse mu 1956 mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibuye. Ababyeyi be ni Mu-

tunge na Nyirabahizi. Igihe yapfaga , yari yararangije amashuri yisumbuye

mu burezi. Yashakanye na Mukandori Josephine babyarana abana babiri - Ni-

yomugabo Eric na Niyonsaba. Bari batuye Nyakabanda, mu yahoze ari Komi-

ni Nyarugenge. Yari umushoferi w’iyahoze ari Ministeri y’Imari.

Yishwe muri Mata 1994 mu Bugesera ubwo yari mu butumwa bw’akazi. Umugore we n’

umuhungu wabo, Niyonsaba Justin barokotse Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi 317

315 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukuboza, 2017 316 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 5 Ukuboza, 2017 317Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umuhungu we, Niyonsaba Justin, SNzeli 19, 2017

132

61. Nyiragapasi Jeanne

Yavutse mu 1969 mu yahoze ari Komini Rwerere, Perefegitura ya Gisenyi.

Yari umukobwa wa Ndutiyabo na Nyirahabineza.318 Yashakanye na Bizima-

na mu 1984. Bari batuye muri segiteri Gitega, Komini Nyamirambo,

Perefegitura y’Umujyi wa Kigali kandi babyaye abana batatu - Mutabazi, Muta-

rushwa na Nshizirungu.319

Yize ubucuruzi n’ubutegetsi i Kinshasa mu yahoze yitwa Zaire. Yakoze muri MINIFIN

kuva 1983. Yakoze mu ishami rishinzwe amasoko ya Leta nk’umukozi ushinze amasoko

ku cyicaro cya minisiteri afite nomero y’umurimo No. 9833.320

Yiciwe iwe mu rugo mu Gitega hamwe n’umugabo we bicwa n’umwicanyi witwa

Kayitani, waguye muri gereza. Imibiri yabo ntiyigeze iboneka ngo ishyingurwe mu cyu-

bahiro. Ariko abana babo bose barokotse Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

62. Rangira Ephrem

Yavutse kuwa 23 Werugwe, 1929 mu Miyove mu yahoze ari Komini Ki-

nihira, Perefegitura ya Byumba.321 Ababyeyi be ni Kayinamura na Elizabeth.

Niwe muhungu wenyine mu bakobwa batatnu. Mu 1952, yashakanye na

Mukagafurama Cecile babyarana abana cyenda - Rangira Arthur, Rangira

Jeanne, Rangira Alphonsine, Rangira Momtfort, Rangira Eugène, Rangira

Anne Marie, Rangira Madeleine, Rangira Félicité na Rangira Bernadette. Gusa batandatu ni-

bo barokotse Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi. Yari afite abuzukuru 24. Yari atuye

i Ngoma, mu mujyi wa Butare, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare.322

318 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira , 2017 319 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MINECOFIN, yasuwe kuwa 19 Nzeli , 2017 320 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira , 2017 321 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/103-rangira-ephreme 322 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’abana ba Rangira Madeleine & Rangira Anne Marie, Nzeli 15, 2017

133

Yize seminari nkuru ya Kabgayi aho yagizwe umupadiri ariko arabyanga kubera yari umwa-

na umwe w’umuhungu mu muryango wabo. Yakomeje uburezi mu ry’urwunge

rw’amashuri rwa Butare , arangiza mu icungamutungo. Yakoze nk’umugenzuzi w’imari mu

yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari ashinzwe iya hoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare, Gikongoro na

Kibuye. Nomero ye y’umurimo ni No. 17815. Igihe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatangira-

ga mu 1994, yari mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru.

Yishwe kuwa 27 Kamena, 1994. Yatwawe ku ngufu avanwa murugo rwe hamwe n’umugore

we, Mukagafurama Cécile, abana babo hamwe n’abandi bashyitsi bari mu rugo rwe. Bishwe

bamaze gukorerwa iyica rubozo bazungutswa mu mugi wa Butare. Biciwe mu ishyamba ry-

iyahoze ari Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ‘Arboretum’.

Mu 1997, umubiri we warabonetse ushingurwa mu cyubahiro iwe mu rugo. Nyuma umubiri

swe warahambuwe maze ushingurwa ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ngoma. Umugore we

nawe ysihwe muri Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi. Abana bakurikira nibo baro-

kotse Jenoside yo mu 1994 takorewe Abatutsi ; Rangira Eugène, Rangira Madeleine, Rangi-

ra Bernadette, Mujawamariya Anne-Marie na Umurerwa Jeanne d’Arc.

Rangira Ephrem azibukwa nk’umuntu wakundaga gufasha abaturage batishoboye, cyane cy-

ane abasaza nk’uko byagaragajwe ni gikorwa yakoze yubakira inzu umusaza i Tumba, mu

mujyi wa Butare.

63. Renzaho François-Xavier

Yavutse kuwa 8,Ukwakira 1965 mu yahoze ari Komini Sake, Perefegitura

ya Kibungo. Ababyeyi be ni Shirimpaka na Nyirabahire. Yari afite impamya-

bumenyi ya Kaminuza mu bukungu mu yahoze ari Kaminuza (UNR).

Yashakanye na Umurungi Marie-Assumpta babyarana umwana umwe. Bari

batuye i Kabeza, Remera.323

Yize muri seminar into ya Zaza kandi yize amashuri yisumbuye. Yakomeje amashuri mu

Ishuri rikuru ry’Imari ya Leta - ISFP maze abona impamya bumenyi ya Kaminuza mu

icungamari.324 Mu 1994, yari umuyobozi ushinzwe imisoro mu yahoze ari minisiteri

y’imari.

323 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we , Umurungi Marie-Assoumpta, Nzeli 17, 2017 324 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTR, yasuwe ku wa 5 Ukwakira , 2017

134

Yishwe ku wa 10 Mata, 1994. Yarashwe n’abasirikari agwa hasi , Kabeza, Remera. Umu-

rambo we washyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisozi. Umugore we

n’umukobwa we umwe, Iriza Gisèle Mugeni barokotse Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatut-

si .325 Yibukwa nk’umuntu wakundaga gusenga buri ku cyumweru.

64. Rutagambwa Narcisse

Rutagamwa Narcisse yavutse mu 1947 mu yahahoze ari Komini Mwendo, Perefegitura ya

Kibuye. Ababyeyi be ni Musoni na Nyirahame. Rutagambwa yize kuri seminari nto ya

Nyundo, mu kigiriki n’ikiratini. Yakoze mu yahoze ari MINIFINECO nk’umunyamabanga

mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibuye kuva kuwa 15, 1969 afite nomero yumurimo No.

2628.326

325 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we , Ibid 326 Inyandiko zo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukuboza , 2017

135

65. Rwagasana Jean-Baptiste

Rwagasana Jean-Baptiste n’umwana wa Makuba Mathias na Sasanduzi Madeleine. Yavuki-

ye mu yahoze ari Komini Rutongo, Perefegitura ya Kigali Ngali mu 1961 kandi yatuye

mu Gatsata. Yashakanye na Mugorewase babyarana abana babiri: Icyimpaye na Niyigena

Thierry.

Rwagasana yize mu kigo cya CHM Byimana arangiza ku wa 28 Kamena, 1980 abona

impamyabumenyi y’amashuri yisyumbuye. Yahawe akazi ku wa 23 Ugushyingo, 1982

nk’umukozi w’umunyamabanga afite nomero y’umurimo No. 14801. Dosiye ye mu ishami

rishinzwe abakozi yerekana ko yari Umuhutu.327

66. Rwakayigamba Jean-Marie

Rwakayigamba Jean-Marie n’umwana wa Sebahutu na Nyiraromba yavutse mu 1937 mu

yahoze ari Komini Nyakizu, Perefegitura ya Butare. Yashakanye na Mukarugira Emmeren-

tiana babyaarana abana bane - Rwagasana wavutse kuwa 30 Ukuboza, 1962; Rwagasana

Roger wavutse kuwa 30 Ukwakira, 1964; Rwagasana Rose wavutse kuwa 3 Ukwakira 1965,

na Rwagasana Rosalie wavutse mu 1968.

Yakoze mu yahoze ari MINIFIN kuva kuwa 1 Mutarama, 1973 nomero ye y’umurimo ni

52270.328

67. Safari Christophe

Yavutse mu 1968 i Rwamagana, mu yahoze ari Komini Kibungo. Yakoze mu

yahoze ari MINIFIN afite nomero y’umurimo N0: 16479.329 Yapfuye arashwe

n’interahamwe kuri Paulo Mutagatifu. Yibukwa nk’umuntu wakoraga imikino

ngorora mubiri yakinaga umupira w’amaboko ku ishuri rikuru ry’imari ya

Leta - ISFP/Imburabuturo.330

327 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira , 2017 328 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 5 Ukwakira , 2017 329 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira , 2017 2017 330 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MINRCOFIN, yasuwe ku wa 9 Ukwakira, 2017

136

68. Sendakize Gaspard

Sendakize Gaspard yavutse kuwa 24 Nyakanga, 1954 i Gafumba. Yari atuye mu yahoze ari

Komini Kidaho, Perefegitura ya Ruhengerie. Sendakize n’umwana wa Nshizirungu na Ren-

zaho. Yari afite impamyabumenyi mu mashuri yisumbuye mu Bumenyamuntu ku ishuri rya

Musanze. Yakoraga nk’umunyabanga mu ishami rishinzwe za gasutamo mu Ruhengeri

afite nomero y’umurimo 4265.331

69. Sengiyumva Gaspard

Yavutse mu 1957 mu yahoze ari Komini Ndusu, Perefegitura ya

Ruhengeri.332

70. Semvubu Alphonse

Semvubu Alphonse n’umwana wa Sakindi na Muhongayire. Yavukiye mu yahoze ari

Komini Nyaruhengeri, Perefegitura ya Butare kuwa 12 Ukuboza, 1962. Yaratuye mu

yahoze ari Komini Murambi.

Yize amashuri yisumbuye kuri seminar nto ya Butare mu ishami ry’ikiratini na siyanse.

Yatangiye gukora mu yahoze ari MINIFINECO kuwa 22 Nyakanga, 1982

nk’umunyabanga afite nomero y’umurimo N0: 9717.333

71. Sugira Innocent

Sugira Innocent yavutse kuwa 1957 mu yahoze ari Komini Giciye, Perefegitu-

ra Gisenyi. Yakoraga mu ishami rishinzwe amasoko ya Leta ku cyicaro cya

Minisiteri. Sugira yapfyuye arashwe mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

. 334

331 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira, 2017 332 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/124-nsengiyumva-gaspard 333 MIFOTRA archives, rwasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira, 2017 334 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/106-sugira-innocent

137

72. Uhawingoma Adrien

Yavutse mu 1961 mu yahoze ari Komini Satinstyi, Perefegitura ya Gisenyi .

Uhawingoma Adrien n’umwana wa Nyamwigema Antoine na Kandirima Ju-

lienne. Yari atuye Kigali, Komini Nyarugenge. Uhawingoma yize mu yahoze

ari Zaire, kuva 1974 kugeza 1978 i Masisi. Kuva 1978 kugeza 1981 yagiye

kwiga ku ishuri ryisumbuwe St. Kizito i Mweso maze arangiza muri ishami

ry’imyigishirize.

Yakoze nk’umunyamabanga muri MINIFINECO mu yahoze ari Perefegitura Gisenyi kuva

Gicurasi 25, 1987 afite nomero y’umurimo No. 12803.335 Yapfuye arashwe n’interahamwe

muri Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.336

73. Uwimana Faith

Yavutse mu 1964 mu yahoze ari segiteri Remera, mu yahoze ari Komini

Nyamagabe, Perefegitura Gikongoro. Ababyeyi be ni Munyandamutsa na

Kamuzima.

Uwimana yize ku ishuri ryo ku Kigeme . yari afite impamya bumenyi

y’amashuri yisumbuye mu Myigishirize kandi yarangije kuwa 1 Nyakanga , 1982. Yako-

raga nk’umugenzuzi muri za Gasutamo mu ishami ishami rishinzwe za gasutamo i

Gikongoro afite nomero y’umutrimo N0: 13677.337

Iyahoze ari MINIFIN yari ifite I mishanga ibiri – Umushinga ushinzwe Kuvugurura Imiso-

ro na za Gasutamo n’Umushinga ushinzwe Kuvugurura Ibigo bya Leta n’Ibigo By-

igenga.Ariko nta Mututsi wayikoragamo.

335 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira , 2017 336 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MINCOFIN, yasuwe kuwa 9 Ukwakira, 2017 337 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 5 Ukwakira , 2017

138

4.7.3.2. Abatutsi bazize Jenoside bakoraga muri MINIPLAN

Aka gace kagaragaza abahoze ari abakozi b’Abatutsi bakoze mu yahoze ari Minisiteri

y’Igenamigambi bishwe mu gihe cya Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

1. Boy Suleyman

Boy Suleyman yavutse mu 1945 i Nyanza, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare.338 Ise ni

Ndekezi Assouman naho nyina ni Harima. Yari atuye Cyahafi, mu yahoze ari Komini

Nyarugenge. Yakoze mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi.

Yishwe kuwa 14 Mata, 1994 Cyahafi, mu yahoze ari Konimi Nyarugenge. Interahamwe

zamwicanye na mukuru wabanaga nawe. Umubiri we ntiwigeze uboneka ngo ushingurwe mu

cyubahiro. Umugore we n’abana babiri barokotse Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi eno-

cide against the Tutsi.339

2. Gasana Hyacinthe

Yavutse mu 1960 i Nyarugumba, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gikongoro.

Ise ni Gasana Herbert na nyina, Mukarubayiza Julienne. Yashakanye na

Uwamariya Francine babyarana abana batatu - Kwizera David, Masezerano

Daniel na Mahoro Marceline. Yari atuye Kabeza, mu yahoze ari Komini Ka-

nombe. Yakoze mu ishami rishinzwe Ibarurishamibare ku Muhima afite

nomero N0: 16872. Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amashuri yize, yari afite A3.340

Mbere ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi, n’umwe mu Batutsi wakorewe

iyicarubozo n’abagenzi be ku Gisenyi na Bugesera.

Yishwe kuwa 15 Mata , 1994 bamuta mu cyobo ari muzima i Kabeza. Nyuma y’iminsi

itatu, bamusanze ari muzima maze asogotwa n’interahamwe. Umubiri we washyinguwe ku

338 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/115-boyi-suleyman 339 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MINECOFIN, rwasuwe kuwa 19 Nzeli, 2017 340 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na’umugore we , Uwamariya Francine, Nzeli 18, 2017

139

rwibutso rwaJenoside rwa Nyanza rw’Akarere ka Kicukiro. Umugore we n’abana batatu

barokotse Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.341

Yari umukirisito w’intangarugero. Yari umwe mu bayobozi b’urusengero ku Kabeza.

3. Hategekimana Joseph

Yavukiye mu yahoze ari Komini Kinyamakara, Perefegitura ya Gikongoro.

Hategekimana n’umwana wa Sekimonyo Francois na Kantamage Flora. 342

Yakoraga nk’umunyamabanga mu ishami ry’ibarurishamibare afite nomero

y’umurimo N0: 11066343 i Kigali. Igihe Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Aba-

tutsi yabaga mu 1994, yari ashinzwe Ishami ry’Ibarurishamibare.344

4. Karekezi Samuel

Yavukiye mu yahoze ari Komini Masango, Perefegitura ya Gitarama mu

1952. Yishwe n’interahamwe. Yakoze mu Ishami ry’Ibarurishamibare ku cyica-

ro cya Minisiteri ku Muhima. Yari yarashatse kandi atuye ku Gisozi.

Umugore we yarokotse Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.345

341 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we , Ibid 342 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MINECOFIN yasuwe kuwa 19 Nzeli, 2017 343 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe ku wa 5 Ukwakira, 2017 344 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na JN ku cyicaro cy’Ikigo cy’Ibarufrishamibare - NISR, kuwa 5 Ukwakira, 2017 345 Ibid

140

5. Kayumba Eugène

Kayumba Eugène yavutse mu 1956 mu yahoze ari segiteri Kimirehe, iyahoze

ari Komini Rusatira, Perefegitura ya Butare. Ababyeyi be ni Médard Kagujye na

Cécile Nyabibona. Yari ingaragu ubwo yapfaga.

Yize amashuri yisumbuye mu ndimi mu rw’unge rw’amashuri- Indatwa. Yari

umushoferi w’iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi mu yahoze afri Perefegitura ya

Kibungo. Yiciwe i Kigali n’interahamwe itazwi kandi umubiri we ntiwigeze uboneka ngo

ashyingurwe mu cyubahiro.346

6. Mukadisi Fébronie

Mukadisi Fébronie yavutse mu 1940 murisegiteri Ruhondo, mu yahoze ari

Komini Mbogo, Kigali-Ngali. Yari umukobwa wa Rugerinyange Gregoire na

Nyagahoze Bernadette. 347

Yarangije imyaka itatu mu ishuri ry’abarimukazi . Yakoraga

nk’umunyamabanga – umwanditsi mu Ishami ry’Ibarurishamibare ku Muhima. Yari atuye i

Kigali, mu yaboze ari Komini Nyarugugenge.

Yiciwe i Kayumbu, Bugesera. Abana be babiri baraokotse Jenoside yo mu 1994 Genocide

yakorewe Abatutsi. Abamwishe ntibigeze bamenyekana kandi umubiri we ntiwabonetse

ngo ashyingurwe mu cyubahiro. Yakundaga ku byina n’umuzika .348

7. Mukamurenzi Cacilde349

Yakoze mu ishami ry’ibarurishamibare i Kigali. Yari yarashatse kandi yarafite abana

babiri kandi yaratuye i Nyamirambo.

346 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwo bavindimwe , Nzeli 24, 2017 347 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 5 Ukwakira , 2017 348 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwo bavukana Justine, Nzeli 15, 2017 349 Ntabwo ari ku rutonde rwa MINECOFIN rw’azize Jenoside

141

8. Mwumvaneza Mugabo Jean-Claude Yavutse mu 1964 i Bugesera, Ntarama.350 Ise ni Nsengiyumva Cléophas na

nyina, Bazirete Colette. Mugabo yari ingaragu igihe yicwaga. Yari atuye i Ki-

gali. Yize mashuri ‘ubukanisi kandi yatangiye gukora muri MINIPLAN kuva

1990 kugeza 1994. Yakoraga nk’umushoferi wo ku cyicaro cya MINIPLAN.

Igihe cy’intambara yo kubohora igihugu , yafunzwe inshuro ebyiri. Igihe Jenoside yo mu

1994 yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiraga, yavuye Kigali maze ahungira Butare niho yaje

kwicirwa ku wa 20,Mata 1994 i Ngoma, Butare. Umubiri we ntiwigeze kuboneka ngo

ushyingurwe mu cyubahiro.351

9. Ndarasi André

Yavutse mu 1956 mu yahoze ari Komini Musange, Perefegitura Gikongoro.

Ise ni Senkware Frédéric nyina , Kankindi Cansilde. Yari atauye Karugira i

Gikondo kandi yari akiri ingaragu igihe yapfaga.

Yize amashuri abanza ya Kaduha akomeza amashuri yisumbuye i Kabgayi.

Ntiyigeze arangiza amshuri yisumbuye kubera ko yirukanwe mu 1973, igihe benshi mu Ba-

tutsi b’abanyeshuri birukanwaga mu mashuri mu Rwanda. Nyuma yagiye I Burundi gu-

komeza amashuri . Igihe yavaga mu Rwanda, yahuye n’ibibazo byinshi yatejwe

n’abaturanyi be, bamuregaga kuba akorana mu buryo bwa politiki n’Abatutsi bari mu

buhungiro. Mu gihe cy’ibibazo by’amashyka ya politiki mu 1993, cyane cyane umunsi

Bucyana yishweho- wari umurwanashyaka w’ishyaka rya politiki CDR, interahamwe

zaramufunze bamuhimbira kuba icyitso cya RPF.

Yakoze mu gashami gashinzwe kwimura abaturage ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange, Ishami

ry’ibarurishamibare ku Muhima.352 Yishwe kuwa 7, Mata 1994. Yiciwe Karugira, Gikondo.

Interahamwe zara mukubise kugeza apfuye bamukubitisha icyuma. Umubiri we

washyinguwe ku rwibutso rwa Jenoiside rwa Gisozi.353

350 Urubuga: http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/95-mwumvaneza-mugabo-jean-claude 351Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na mushiki we, Nzeli 27, 2017 352 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na mushiki we, Kimihurura, Nzeli 29, 2017 353 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na mushiki we, Kimihurura, Nzeli 29, 2017

142

10. Ndayambaje Pierre

Ndayambaje Pierre yavutse mu 1953 mu yahoze ari Komini Nyarugenge ,

Umujyi wa Kigali. Ise ni Gapfizi Paul naho nyina, Mukandekezi Euphrasie.

Yashakanye na Umuhoza Annonciata babyarana abana bane - Uwizera

Solange, Ndayambaje Pierre, Uwambajimana Liliane na Uwitonze Diane. We

n’umuryango we bari batuye Gitega, mu yahoze ari segiteri Nyamirambo,

Komini Nyarugenge. 354

Yakoze mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi nka shoferi. Rimwe na rimwe yatwaraga

Minisitri. Igihe intambara yo mu 1990 yatangiraga, yabujijwe kongera gutwara Minisitiri

kubera Ko yari Umututsi.

Mu 1990, yarafunzwe bamurega ko ari icyitso cya RPF-Inkotanyi ariko ntiyakatirwa.

Yari yibasiwe na konseye wa segiteri witwaga Ndayambaje Paul. Igihe Jenoside yatangiraga,

yatangiye ku mugenza ku rugo rwe ariko ku bw’amahirwe umuturanyi we yaramuhishe .355

Uwamutabaye, Emmanuel, nyuma yaje gushyirwa mu mutwe w’interahamwe. Yaramut-

waye amugeza aho biciraga Abatutsi. Ahageze, interahamwe zamubajije niba yicwa cyangwa

agakira . Uwo munsi, baramuretse maze yihisha mu gikoni cye . izindi nterahamwe enye

zaje gushakira umubiri we mu rugo rwe kuko bakekeranyaga ko yapfuye. Bahageze,

baramubona maze bajya impaka niba agomba kwicwa cyanwa bakamureka. Ubugwaneza

bwaramurokoye, kubera interahamwe zabihamije maze zihitamo kutamwica. Ibi n’ukubera

ko ubufasha yakoreraga abarwayi kwa Muganga. Hagati aho, interahamwe yamurokoye yaje

gufata icyemezo cyo ku mujyana kwa nyina wa Emmanuel, Verediana, waje kuvuga ati:

“ birarangiye, birarangiye, sinashobora kwihanganira Umututsi usekera mu nzu yajye .

Afata icyemezo cyo guhamagara interahamwe zongera kumujyana aho biciraga abantu ni-

ho yarasiwe.356

Uwamuhishe - Emmanuel – nawe yaje kwicwa na Ndayambaje J. Claude nawe ari ku-

rangiza igifungo muri gereza ya Mageragere. Umubyeyi w’uwamuhishe - Verediana na

Nikuze - bagize uruhare mu rupfu rwe bapfiriye muri gereza.

354 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we, Annonciata Umuhoza, Nzeli 15, 2017 355 Ibid 356 Ibid

143

Yishwe kuwa 28 Mata , 1994 mu Gitega. 357 Yarashwe isasu ariko ntiyahise apfa uwo

mwanya. Nyuma yaje kwicwa maze umubiri we ujugunywa mu cyobo. Umubiri we

washyinguwe ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisozi. Umugore we n’abana bane barokotse

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi .358

357 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles 358 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we, Annonciata Umuhoza, Nzeli 15, 2017

144

11. Nsengimana Elie

Nsengimana Elie yavutse mu 1957 mu yahoze afri Komini Gikomero.359

Umubyeyi we ni Mukagakire Bernadette. Yari atuye Musha, mu yahoze ari

Komini Gikoro. Yashakanye na Uwimana Immaculée babyarana abana bane.

Yakoze bwa mbere nk’umushoferi muri Minisiteri y’Ubucuruzi, Inganda no

Guteza imbere Ishoramari mu Bukerarugendo n’Amashyirahamwe.360 Yaje

kwimurirwa mu Ishami ry’Ibarurishamibare, MINIPLAN mu 1990 ku Muhima.

Yishwe ku wa 13 Mata , 1994. Yarasiwe ku rusengero rwa gatulika rwa Musha mu yahoze

ari Komini Gikoro. Abatutsi barenga 5000 biciwe ku Rusengero rwa Gatulika rwa Musha.

Abicanyi bari interahamwe, jandarumori na polisi ya Komini.361 Ku Rusengero hari ur-

wibutso rurimo imibiri 20, 704 y’Abatutsi bishwe igihe cya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yako-

rewe Abatutsi. Abishwe nabo muzahoze ari segiteri zitandukanye z’iyahoze afri Komini Bi-

cumbi : Rwamashogosho, Cyimbazi, Runyinya, Gahengeri, Mwurire, Fumbwe n’ahandi

hantu.362

Umubiri wa Nsengimana Elie washyinguwe ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Musha.

Umugore we yarokotse muri Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi hamwe n’abana babiri -

Ishimwe Elie-Ange na Izere Ange-Nicole.

12. Nyoni Gustave

Nyoni Gustave yavutse kuwa 20 Kanama, 1963 mu yahoze ari Komini Butaro

( ubu ni mu Akarere ka Burera),Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri.363 Niwe mwana

w’imfura wa Nyoni Innocent na Nyirababeruka Marie. Yashatse mu 1990 na

Uwanyirigira Christine; babyara abana babiri - Kanyange Umuganwa Fidela na

Rwema Honore Gustave. bari batuye iRugenge, mu yahoze ari Komini

Nyarugenge.364

Nyoni Gustave yize amashuri yisumbuye kuri Seminari nto ya Kabyayi. Yahoraga ku

mwanya wa mbere mu mashuri .Nyamara, ntiyigeze ahabwa amafaranga yo gukomeza 359 Uruga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/100-nsengimana-elie 360 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 6 Ukwakira , 2017 361 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore we, Annonciata Umuhoza, Nzeli 16, 2017 362 Ikiganiro, Ibid 363 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 5 Ukwakira , 2017 364Ikiganirocyatanzwen’abashikibe,UmukabyagajuAdrienne&MukatamuniJustine,Nzeli17,2017

145

amashuri kubera gahunda y’iringaniza rishingiye ku bwoko. Nyuma yabonye amafaranga

yo gukomeza aamashuri - amaze gutsinda ikizamini mpuzamahanga - cyo kwiga mu Ishuri

Rikuru Nyafurika n’ibirwa bya Morise mu Bijyanye n’Ibarurishamibare n’Ubukungu

(IAMSEA). Yarangije mu Bikorwa by’Ubuhanga mu Ibarurishamibare kuri IAMSEA.365

Yatangiye gukora mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’igenamigambi mu 1983 afite nomero

y’umurimo No. 14331. Yotetejwe insuro nyinshi ku kazi n’abagenzi ne b’intagondwa

z’Abahutu cyane nyuma y’igitero cya RPF cyo kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1990. Yafunzwe mu

bihe bitandukanye hamwe n’abandi bagenzi be b’ Abatutsi baregwagwa kuba ibyitos bya

RPF- Inkotanyi.

Kuwa 14 , Gicurasi 1994 yavanwe iwe muru go n’igitero cy’interahamwe cyoherejwe na

Nyirabagenzi Odette – wari konseye wa Rugenge – bamutwara mu modoka kuva icyo give

ntiyongeye kuboneka , ntiyagarutse mu rugo. Yishwe ku wa 24 Gicurasi, 1994. Umubiri we

ntiwigeze uboneka ngo ushyingurwe mu cyubahiro. Umugore we n’abana be babiri - Umu-

ganwa Kanyange Fidèle na Rwema Nyoni Honoré Gustave - barokotse Jenoside yo mu

1994 yakorewe Abatutsi. Ise - Nyoni Innocent – na benenyina batatu, Nyoni Jean Felix,

Nyoni Marie Alexis na Migwenyero Egide José, mushiki we umwe Umuhorakeye Marie

Léontine nabo bishwe muri Jenoside. Nyina, mwenenyina umwe n’abashikibe babiri nibo

barokotse Jenoside yo 1994 yaakorewe Abatutsi.

Yari umunyamuryango w’imena mu muryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu

Kanyarwanda, umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta warwanyaga akarengane. Azibukwa kuba

yaracishaga make kandi agakunda abaturage yakundaga kuvuza gitari akaba n’umufana

w’ikipe y’umupira – Kiyovu. Mu mico ye yari hanganaga.366

13. Pawo Paul

Yavutse mu 1963 mu serire Gifumba, mu yahoze ari Komini Mushubati,

Perefegitura ya Gitarama . Pawo yari umwana wa Mukandera Mariane na

Nakabwa Faustin. Yize amashuri yisumbuye icyiciro rusange kw’ishuri rya

Mutagatifu Yozefu Kabgayi. Yakoze mu ishami ry’ibarurishamibare mu

365 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 5 Ukwakira, 2017 366 Ibid

146

yahoze ari Pefegitura ya Kigali-Ngali kandi yatangiye akazi kuwa 3 Ukuboza, 1985 afite

nomero y’umurimo N0: 11999.367 Umunsi n’ahantu yapfiriyeho ntibizwi.368

14. Rubashinkwaya Bonaventure

Rubashinkwaya Bonaventure yavutse kuwa 13 ,Kamena 1969 ku musozi wa

Remera mu yahoze ari Komini Kigarama, iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibun-

go. N’umwana wa Nsanzimana Martin na Kankindi Anastasie. Yari afite im-

pamyabumenyi mu by’Imari kandi yatangiye gukora mu yahoze ari MINI-

PLAN kuwa 16,Ugushyingo 1992.369 Yiciwe hafi ya Sainte Famille yishwe

na General Laurent Munyakazi.370

15. Rugiraganwa Frederick

Yavutse mu 1969 i Rusororo, Kabuga.

16. Rutazigwa Ignace

Yavutse mu 1945 i Birenga, mu yahoze ari Komini Mugambazi, Perefegitu-

ra ya Kigali Ngali.371Ababyeyi be ni Muriza Jean na Nyiranturuturu Adèle.

Igihe yapfaga, yari yarize amashuri yisumbuye kandi afite impamyabume-

myi mu Myigishirize. Yashakanye na Harerimana Marie babyaranye abana

barindwi - Kayirangwa Clodette, Udahemuka Velentine, Uwineza Jean-Bosco,

Umugwaneza Marie Claire, Rwema Aimable, Mwizerwa Viviane na Muhire Adrien. Bari

batuye i Rwabuye, umujyi wa Butare , mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare.372

Yakoze mu ishami ry’ibarurishamibare muri Butare afite nomero y’umurimo No. 2119. In

1993, yarafunzwe kandi akorerwa iyicarubozo igihe kirekire muri gereza ya Karubanda mu

Karere ka Huye. Yishwe mu 1994 i Rwabuye,umujyi wa Butare kandi umubiri we ntiwig-

eze uboneka ngo ushyingurwe mu cyubahiro.373

367 Ibid. 368 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/102-pawo-paul 369 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 5 Ukwakira , 2017 370 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/112-rubashinkwaya-bonaventure 371 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/104-ritazigwa-ignace 372 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umukobwa we Mwizerwa Vivine, Akagari ka Rwarutabura, Umurenge wa Nyamirambo , Nzeli 19, 2017

373 Ibid

147

17. Rutikanga Jean-Pierre

Yavutse mu 1957 muri segiteri ya Rusagara, mu yahoze ari Komini Mbogo,

Perefegitura ya Kigali-Ngali. Ababyeyi be ni Bucyisi Jean-Pierre na Mukaman-

zi Sorenne. Yashakanye na Uwizeye Marie-Claire babyarana abana babiri -

Irebe Aurole na Niyonsaba Jean-Bosco. Bari batuye mu Gatenga, Kicukiro.

Yize amashuri yisumbuye. Yahawe akazi nk’umushoferi mu yahoze ari Minisiteri

y’Igenamigambi. Yishwe kuwa 15 , Mata, 1994 ku Muhima hafi ya hahoze gereza ya

Nyarugenge. Yarashwe n’abarinzi ba gereza. Umubiri we ushyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa

Jenoside ku Gisozi. Umugore we n’ umukobwa wabo - Irebe Aurore hamwe n’abashiki be

babiri - nibo barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ubu batuye mu Gatenga, Akarere ka

Kicukiro . Yakundaga gukina umupira w’amaguru kandi yari umufana w’ikipe y’umupira

ya Kiyovu .374

18. Sefaranga Albert

Yavutse mu 1957 mu yahoze ari Komini Birenga, Perefegitura ya Kibungo . Sefaranga Al-

bert yari umwana wa Sefaranga Pasteur na Mukamunana Geramaine. Yize kuri seminar nto

ya Mutagatifu Kizito ya Zaza. Nyuma yagiye kwiga muri seminari nkuru ya Nyakiban-

da aho yize imyaka ibiri kuva 1976 kugeza 1978.

Yakoze mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi ku cyicaro cya Minisiteri afite nomero

y’umurimo No. 7078. Yakoze mu ishami ry’Ubukungu Rusange nk’umusesenguzi mu

bukungu, umwanya yabayemo kugeza yishwe muri Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.375

19. Twagiramungu Issa

Yavutse kuwa 1 Gicurasi 1962 i Biryogo, Nyamirambo. Ababyeyi be ni Twagirayezu Déo

Abdoulkalim na Uwiremye Rehma. Yari atuye mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Ya-

rangije muri Kaminuza ya EAMUSEA. Igihe yapfaga, yari akiri ingaragu ariko yari yamaze

gutanga inkwano, iminsi ibiri mbere y’uko apfa .376

374 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugire, Nzeri 25, 2017 375 Inyandiko yo mububiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe ku wa 6 Ukwakira 6, 2017 376 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’abashiki be, Biryogo, Nzeri 14, 2017

148

Yakoraga nk’umukozi ushinzwe gukusanya amakuru mu ishami ry’ibarurishamibare mu

yahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibuye. Kuva yahabwa akazi, nyiyigeze azamurwa mu ntera

cyangwa ngo yimurirwe muri ndi shami .377

Yishwe kuwa 20 Gicurasi, 1994 atewe gerenade mu gihe yarimo guhunga yerekeza mu

yahoze ari Zaire anyuze mu kiyaga cya Kivu. Uwahoze ari mugenzi we w’Umuhutu bako-

ranaga yaramufashije ariko biba iby’ubusa kuko interahamwe zamukurikiye zigatera

gerenade mu bwato yarimo. Umurambo we waguye mu kiyaga cya Kivu.378 Yibukwa mu

mico ye yo kwitonda no gukunda abaturage no kuba umufana w’umupira w’amaguru. Ya-

kundaga abaturage bose baturanye.

20. Twagirayezu Alexis

Twagirayezu Alexis yavutse kuwa 26 Nyakanga 1960 mu Nyakabanda mu

yahoze ari umujyi wa Kigali. Abanyeyi be ni Twagirayezu Aloys na Icyimpaye

Marie-Rose. Bari batuye Kimisanga, Kacyiru. Yize amashuri abanza i Kabyayi

maze ajya muri seminari nkuru ya Kabgayi ariko baramuvanguraga kandi aga-

totezwa, niyo mpamvu yahagaritse amashuri ye. Yagiye kwiga muri koreje ya

Ririma maze nyuma ajya muri Kaminuza ya EAMUSEA. Mu 1991, yashakanye na Kagaba

Chantal babyarana abana babiri - Twagirayezu Vanessa na Twagirayezu Alexis.379 Yari

Umuyobozi w’Ishami ry’Ibarurishamibare muri Kigali.380

Yishwe kuwa 7 Mata , 1994 arashwe n’abasirikari barindaga perezida kuri Hoteri Meridiye.

Yararashwe. Hari amakuru akekako umubiri we waba warajugunywenawe yishwe muri

Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi ariko abana be - Twagirayezu Vanessa na Twagi-

rayezu Alexis - barokotse Jenoside yo 1994. 381

377 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwahoze ari mugenzi we w’umukozi, Nzeri 14, 2017 378 Ibid 379 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umukobwa we, Twagirayezu Marie Louise, Nzeli 14, 2017 380 Ibid 381 Ibid

149

21. Uwamariya Marie-Louise

Uwamariya Marie-Louise yavutse mu 1965 i Gisagara, muyahoze ari

Perefegitura ya Butare.382 Ababyeyi be ni Rubangura Joseph na Mukaru-

tamu Alphonsine. Yari umukobwa w’imfura. Mu 1992, yashakanye na Mu-

gabo Jean-Louis nawe wari umukozi wa MINIPLAN. Babyarana umwana

umwe kandi bari batuye i Nyamirambo.

Yakoraga mu ishami ry’ibarurishamibare mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi ku

cyicaro cya Minisiteri. Yari ku rutonde rw’abakozi b’Abatutsi banditswe ko bashyigikira

RPF. Rimwe yigeze gufungirwa kuri sitade Nyamirambo.

Abo mu muryango bose bishwe kuwa 7, Mata 1994 iwabo mu rugo, hazwi ku izina

ry’isanduku y’igwate ku nguzanyo ‘Caisse Hypothécaire’. Yiciwe i Nyamirambo.

Yararashwe maze bamurangiza bamutemagura n’imipanga kandi abamwishe bakururaga

ijosi rye n’umukandara. Azibukwa nk’umuntu wakundaga Imana kandi witabiraga ama-

sengesho.383

22. Uwimbabazi Agnès

Yavutse mu 1959 i Mabanza, muyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Aba-

byeyi be ni Karekezi Kabera na Kabazayire Régine. Yize imyaka munani

y’amashuri abanza. Bari batuye Cyahafi, Kigali. 384 Yashatse mu 1983 kandi

abyara umwana witwa Akayezu Marie Noëlle.385 Yari ishinzwe isomero mu

yahoze ari ministeri y’igenamigambi. Kuva igihe cy’intambara yo 1990-1994, yafunzwe

mu yahoze ari gereza ya Nyarugenge aregwa ko afri icyitso cya RPF-Inkotanyi .386

Yishwe kuwa 10 Mata, 1994 hamwe n’abandi Batuti. Yiciwe Mpazi, Kimisagara. Umubiri

we ntiwigeze kuboneka ngo ushingurwe mu cyubahiro. Abo mu muryango we bose bishwe

muri Jenoside yo 1994. Gusa umwana umwe - Akayezu Marie Noëlle – yarokotse Jenoside

382 Urubuga : http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/108-uwamariya-m-louise 383 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na mwene nyina, Kicukiro, Nzeli 17, 2017 384 Urubuga: http://kwibuka.minecofin.gov.rw/kwibuka/index.php/profiles/109-uwimbabazi-agnes 385 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umukobwa we Akayezu Marie Noelle, Nzeli 17, 2017 386 Ibid

150

yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatuts.387 Azahora yibukwa kuba yaraf ite umuco wo kwifata no

gukunda gusenga. 388

N’ubwo hari abandi bazize Jenoside bari ku rutonde rw’inzirakarengane za Jenoside

rwakozwe na MINECOFIN bakoraga mu zahoze ari minisiteri ebyiri, imyirondoro yabo

ntiyashoye gutangwa n’abo mu miryango yabo cyangwa Ishami rishinzwe abakozi muri

MIFOTRA. Ni muri uru rwego, ubushakashatsi butashoboye kumenya izo minisiteri ziha-

riye bakozemo . Izi nzirakarengane zidafite imyirondoro zirimo aba bakurikira :

Imbonerahamwe ya 8: Inzirakarangane zishwe zidafite imyirondoro yuzuye

No Amazina Izina yahawe

01 Nta zina rizwi Bernardin

02 Nta zina rizwi Bosco

03 Nta zina rizwi Damien

04 Haguma Etienne

05 Kayisire Lambert

06 Kayumba Bosco

07 Mbonimana Appolinaire

08 Mbonimpa Alphonse

09 Ndahiro Callixte

10 Ngirimana Jean

11 Nkundabatenda Felecien


Imbonerahamwe yerekana inzirakarengane za Jenoside, bitashobotse ko kubona aba-

vandimwe babo ngo batange amakuru. Amadosiye yabo ntiyabonetse muri MIFOTRA.

387 Ibid 388 Ibid

151

4.7.3.2.1. Abazize Jenoside bakoraga mu mushinga BUNEP

Uyu mushinga wari ushamikiye kuri Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi. Wari ufite abakozi

b’Abatutsi batanu babiri muri bo bashwe igihe cya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ni aba bakurikira:

1. Litararenga Godfroid

yavutse mu 1957 mu Bugesera. Yararashwe. Yakoze mu Biro by’Igihugu

Bishinzwe Kwiga Imishinga mu ishami ry’ubwubatsi ryakoreraga mu

yahoze ari Ministeri y’Igenamigambi. Yakoraga nk’umucungamari kandi ya-

gumye kuri uwo mwanya kuva umunsi yinjiye mu murimo.

2. Mbaguta Jean-Marie-Vianney389

Mbaguta yavutse mu 1940 i Gatovu, mu yahoze ari Komini Ruhashya, Perefegitura ya

Butare. N’umwana wa Gakuba Déogratias na Kabarore Pascasie.Yashakanye na

Sekarimbwa kandi babyaranye umwana witwa Yves Delphin Mbaguta. Wavutse kuwa 7

Ukuboza 1970. Yari atuye hafi ya gereza ya Nyarugenge, iyahoze ari Komini Nyarugenge.

Mbaguta yarafite impamyabumenyi ya Kaminuza mu by’Ubukungu yakuye murri Ka-

minuza ya Nancy, mu Bufaransa. 390 Yakoze mu wahoze ari Umushinga wa BUNEP afite

nomero No. 2163. Yatangiye nk’Umuyobozi w’agashami k’igenamigambi mu 1983 nyu-

ma agirwa Umuyobozi Mukuru wa BUNEP mu 1986.

4.7.3.2.2. Inzirakarengane za Jenoside zo mu mushinga wa PINAS

Ubu bushakashatsi bwasanze ko, kuva mu itangizwa ryaho , PINAS nta bakozi b’Abatutsi

yari ifite. Niyo mpamvu imishahara yabo yari myiza cyane ugereranije n’iyo muri minisit-

eri. Nta mishara cyangwa ibindi abakozi bagenerwaga byagombzga guhabwa abakozi

b’Abatutsi. Gusa Abatutsi bafite ubumenyi bwihariye n’ubuhanga bidafitwe n’Umuhutu

uwari we wese nibo bashoboraga kubona akazi muri uwo mushinga wahembaga neza.

389 Ku rutonde rwa MINECOFIN rw’abazize Jenoside, agaragara nka Mbaguta Jean-Marie ariko

ubushakashatsi bwasanze yaritwaga Mbaguta Jean-Marie-Vianney

390 Inyandiko yo mu bubiko bwa MIFOTRA, yasuwe kuwa 5 Ukwakira , 2017

152

4.7.4. Izindi nzirakarengane za Minisiteri zishwe igihe cya Jenoside

Aka gace kagaragaza inzirakarengane z’Abahutu ba Jenoside yo mu 1994 bishwe kubera

kutemera ko Jenoside ikorerwa Abatutsi. Izina ry’umuntu wamenyekanye kandi wavuzwe

n’ababajijwe benshi ni - Nsengiyumva Leonard bitaga Mukombozi. Uyu muntu yako-

mokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gikongoro. Yari umukozi w’Umuhutu mu yahoze

ari Minisiteri y’Imari yishwe mu gihe cya Jenoside yo mu 1994 akorewe Abatutsi.

Yishwe kubera ko yari afite umubano wa hafi n’Abatutsi kandi yari umuyobke w’ishyaka

rya PSD. Yiciwe i Kamembe, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.391

4.7.5. Ahantu abakozi b’Abatutsi biciwe

Benshi mu bakozi b’Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Ministeri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi

hamwe nabo mu mushinga wa BUNEP biciwe ahantu hatandukanye bari batuye cyangwa

mu ngo zabo cyangwa mu nkengero z’aho bari batuye cyangwa ahantu hatagaragara. Ku

rundi ruhande, batatu bishwe bari mu butumwa mu kazi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Bu-

tare, Bugesera na perefegitura ya Gitarama. Abakozi bamwe b’Abahutu bari barabujijwe

kuva mu ngo zabo n’interahamwe zakoraga ubwicanyi mu bice barimo by’igihugu cyose.

Abandi bakozi b’Abatutsi muri za minisiteri bishwe mu gihe biruka hashaka ahari umu-

tekano. Abo bahungiye mu mashuri n’insengero nabo niho biciwe. Igihe cya Jenoside yo

mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi, nta hantu hariho ho kwihisha. Ahantu hazwi muri Kigali

Abatutsi bamwe b’abakozi biciwe harimo: Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Mutagatifu Andereya,

Ishuri rya Mutagatifu - St. Famille, ishuri ry’imyuga rya Eto-Kicukiro n’undi mukozi um-

we wiciwe kuri Kiriziya Gaturika ya Musha.

4.7.6. Intwaro zakoreshejwe mu kwica abakozi b’Abatutsi

Intwaro zakoreshejwe mu gutsemba abakozi b’Abatutsi mu zahoze ari Ministeri

n’umushinga wa BUNEP zimimo ubwoko butatu - isanzwe, gakondo no gufata abagore ku

ngufu nk’intwaro yo kubabaza no gukora Jenoside.

4.7.6.1. Intwaro zisanzwe n’Intwaro gakondo

Intwaro zakoreshejwe kwica abakozi b’Abatutsi muri izo minisiteri ni zimwe

n’izakoreshejwe mu gihugu hose. Inzirakarengane z’Abatutsi bicishijwe imbunda zaguzwe

na Leta. Abandi bicishijwe intwaro za gakondo zari zibitswe mu ngo n’abicanyi cyangwa

391 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umugore w’uwahoze ari umukozi, Kanama, 19, 2017

153

zatanzwe na Leta yakoze Jenoside. Intwaro zisanzwe zakoreshejwe mu kwica harimo ger-

enade, imbunda nto,imbuna nini mu gihe intwaro za gakondo zirimo imipanga, impiri,

inkoni, ibyuma n’imbugita.

Bamwe bishwe bajugunywe mu mazi, gukubitwa ku nkuta z’inzu cyangwa bakarasirwa ku

gikuta. Ariko ibyavuye mu bushakashatis byerekana ko abenshi bazize Jenoside mu za hoze

ari ministeri zombi bicishijwe imipanga . Ibi bivugwa byemezwa n’imibare yatanzwe na

Leta igaragaza ko intwaro gakondo zakoreshejwe ku bwinshi mu kwica Abatutsi mu gihu-

gu cyose. Mu bijyanye n’imibare, ahanini uburyo bwinshi bwakoreshejwe mu bwicanyi

n’ugokoresha imipanga ( 37.9%), impiri ( 16.8) , naho imbunda( 14.8%).392 Zimwe muri zi

ntwaro gakondo zahawe Abahutu b’intagondwa mbere na mu gihe cya Jenoside . intwaro

zabonetse mu buryo bubiri – iza tanzwe n’umuucuruzi ukomeye witwa Félicien Kabuga

n’abandi bacuruzi bakomeye bo mu gihugu.

4.7.6.2. Gufata abagore ku ngufu nk’intwaro: Uburyo butavuzwe bwakoreshejwe na Leta

Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byerekana ko abari abakozi b’abagore cyangwa abakozi

b’abakobwa, bakorewe ibikorwa bibi mu myanya ndangagitsina cyanwa bafashwe ku

ngufu mu gihe cya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi. Ubu buryo bwo kwigiza imy-

anya ndanga gitsina byakoreshejwe hagamijwe gutsemba cyangwa kumaraho muri

rusange cyangwa igice cy’abakozi bakoraga muri minisiteri n’abo babindimwe. Uwabi-

jijwe wahawe nomero MD1117 avuze ko, “Abagore n’abakobwa bakoraga mu yahoze ari

Minisiteri y’Imari n’igenaamigambi bafashwe ku ngufu ariko bagize ubwoba bwo ku bi-

tanga mo ubuhamya ku mahano yabakorewe. Ndabizi ko byabaye, byarabaye […].”393

Byakozwe n’Abahutu b’abakozi cyangwa interahamwe bamenyekanye bashobora kuba

baramenyekanye cyangwa ntibamenywe n’abari abakozi b’Abatutsi. Icyari kigamijwe

ntabwo bwari uburyo bwo kumaraho abakozi b’Abatutsi by’umwihariko , ahubwo kwari

kwari ukumaraho itsinda ry’ubwoko bw’Abatutsi muri rusange.

Igikorwa cyo gufata abagore ku ngufu cyakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi cyakwirakwijwe

n’itangazamakuru ryakanguriga Abahutu kwanga Abagore b’Abatutsikazi by’umwihariko.

Ibi byemejwe n’uwiswe RUR1017 wavuze ati, “Ubugizi bwa nabi ku bagore b’Abatutsikazi

bwigishijwe bwa mbere mu mategeko 10 yo kwanga Abatutsi, kandi gufata ku ngufu

392 Rutayisire, Amateka ya Jenoside, igice cya . 4 393Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na DM1117, ku murenge wa Kimihurura, Nzeli 16, 2017

154

abakobwa b’Abatutsikazi n’abagore byari ikikorwa cyateguwe.”394 Ubugizi bwa nabi

bwokorewe abagore bwasakajwe n’itangazamakuru binyuze mu binyamakuru na radiyo.

Ikinyamakuru cyandika cyakanguriye gukorera abagore ubugizi bwa nabi ni Kangura;

RTLM yanyuzagaho ubutumwa nk’ubwo kuri radiyo. Bwatangajwe cyane burigishwa

kandi busakazwa binyuze mu mategeko 10 y’Abahutu yo kwanga Abatutsi. Uku gushishi-

kariza kwanga Abatutsikazi ntibyagombaga kwitabirwa, n’iyo mpamvu abakozi

b’Abatutsikazi mu yahoze ari MINIFIN na MINIPLAN batagombaga kubura gukorerwa

ubwo bugizi bwa nabi bishingiye ku myamya ndangagitsina.

Muri rusange, mu gihugu hose, habarwa abari hagati y’ibihumbi 200,000 na 500,000

b’abagore bakorewe ubugizi bwa nabi bushingiye ku myanya ndanga gitsina mu gihe cya

Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi.395 Kandi, ubugizi bwa nabi bushingiye ku myanya

ndanga gitsina no gufata abagore ku ngufu byakoreshejwe nk’igikoresho cyo kumaraho

abatutsi. Kimwe n’abagore ndetse n’abakobwa bakoraga mu za hoze ari minisiteri zombi

n’ibigo bizishamikiyeko , ingaruka z’ubwo bugizi bwa nabi bwababaje abagore babuko-

rewe. Ababukorewe bandujwe agakoko gatera SIDA- HIV/AIDS mu buryo bugambiriwe

kugira ngo bazajye bapfa umwe umwe. Izo nzirakarengane ntizahuye n’ububabare

bw’indwaragusa ahubwo n’indwara zabagizeho ingaruka z’imibereho n’ihungabana ha-

rimo no guterwa inda ku ngufu.

4.7.7. Inama zateguraga Jenoside yakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi ba Minisiteri

Aka gace gasobanura uko inama zateguwe muri izo minisiteri zombi zari zigamije gu-

tegura Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi. Ariko, intego y’izi nama yari kubiyemo

ibintu bibiri: (1) kugura intwaro zizakoreshwa muri Jenoside (2) gutegura uko abakozi

b’Abatutsi bazicwa. Inama zateguriwe kugura intwaro zari zikomeye kandi zaberaga ahantu

hatandukanye – BNR, iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari , Minisiteri y’Igenamiganbi na Minisit-

eri y’Ingabo. Uwahoze ari umukozi wa Leta ubu akaba ari muri Leta iriho yerekanye im-

panvu y’ibanga ry’izi nama: “ izo nama zakorwaga mu buryo bw’ibanga kandi nta mukozi

muto wagombaga kubimenyeshwa”.396 Undi wabajijwe yavuze ku bantu bagombaga kuzita-

bira: “Zagombaga kwitabirwa n’Abaminisitiri na Goverineri wa BNR …”397 Undi wahawe

394 Kiganiro cyatanzwe na RUR1017 ku Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imisoro –RRA, Ukwakira 15, 2017 395 Rutayisire P., & Byanafashe D., Amateka y’ uRwanda : kuva mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri. Kigali: NURC, 2016, p. 634 396 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na XMS ku Kmihurura,Nzeli 16, 2017 397 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na NJH ku cyicayo cya NISR, Nzeli 29, 2017

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amazina ya MG1217 yavuze ko : “Inama zagombaga kuba mu ibanga kubera zari zigami-

je gukoresha amafaranga y’ikigega cy’igihugu yari agenewe iterambere ariko akanyerezwa

mu kugura intwaro zo kwica abaturage”,398.

Ku rundi ruhande, hariho izindi nama zakorwaga ku rwego rwa za minisiteri zombi zi-

gamije gutegura gukora Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi. Izo nama zateguwe

n’abakozi ba minisiteri bo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi rimwe na rimwe zategurwaga

n’abahagarariye amashyaka ya politiki muri za minisiteri zombi. Umutanga buhamya mu

ryahoze ari ishami rishinzwe za gasutamo yavuze ati: “ intagondwa z’Abahutu zateguye in-

ama zo gukora Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi , hamwe n’amashyaka barimo”399 undi wa-

bajijwe wakoraga mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari yongeye kuvuga ati: “ izo nama zo gu-

kora Jenoside muri rusange zabaga buri wa Gatanu w’icyumeru.”400 Undi wabajijwe mu

ryahoze ari ishami rishinzwe imisoro ku Muhima yashimangiye ko : “ Izo nama ntizari

zigamije gusa gutegura Jenoside mu bigo ahubwo zari zigamije no kugera hanze

y’abakozi ba minisiteri […] hubwo ahandi hanntu […] bari abacura bwenge ku bantu batize

mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu.”401

4.8. Ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi byakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi mu zahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi mu gihe cya Jenoside yo mu 1994

Ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi byakorwe abakozi b’Abatutsi n’abo bafitanye amasano ntibitan-

dukanye n’ibyakorewe abandi byabereye ahantu hatundukanye mu gihugu hose.

Ibi bikorwa byibasiye abakozi b’abagore cyangwa abagore baribafite abagabo bari abakozi

kimwe n’abana. Nk’abari abagabo b’abakozi , bamwe bakorewe iyica rubozo mbere y’uko

bicwa naho abandi bicwaga ako kanya mu buryo bwihuse. Ibi bikorwa bigizwe gutema-

gurwa no kubasiga ari bazima bagapfa nyuma.

Bamwe mu bakozi b’abagore n’abagore bari bafite abagabo b’abakozi bakorewe ibikorwa

by’urugomo ku myanya ndanga gitsina. Ubu buryo bw’ibikorwa bwakozwe mu gihugu

hose. Mu by’ukuri byari igikoresho cyakoreshejwe mu gutesha agaciro abagore

n’abakobwa , imiryango yabo n’Abatutsi muri rusange. Muri ubushakashatsi , ntibyari

byoroshye gutanga ibarurishamibare ry’imibare y’abagore bakoze mu zahoze ari minisit- 398 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na GHF mu murenge wa Remera, Nzeli 26, 2017 399 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na NJH ku cyicaro cya NISR, Nzeli 29, 2017 400 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na VNH ku cyicaro cya NISR,Nzeli 16, 2017 401 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na PMH ku cyicaro cya NISR, Nzeli 17, 2017

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eri zombi bafashwe ku ngufu cyangwa se abakobwa babo n’ubwo benshi bameje ko

gufata abagore ku ngufu kwabayeho ku bwinshi.

Ababajijwe biyemereye ko gufata abagore ku ngufu byateje ingaruka mbi mu ntekerezo no

mu maranga mutima. Iki n’icyo kigaragara cyane ku bahohotewe bandujwe agakoko gatera

HIV/AIDS. Kuri bo , n’ikibazo cy’ihungabana bahura nacyo buri munsi mu buryo

buziguye cyangwa butaziguye. Byabaye ikibazo cy’ihungabana cy’umuntu cya buri muntu

kigoye kubonera igisubizo kubera imiterere yacyo mu bijyanye na serivsi z’ubujyanama

butaangwa.

Abakobwa babiri bari abakozi b’Abatutsi muri Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi bafashwe

ku ngufu babyarana n’abicanyi abana badashaka. Ibi byateje ibibazo by’ihungabana ku

babikorewe kubera kubyara abana bavutse biturutse ku bafata ku ngufu.

Ibibibazo by’ihungabana bibagaragaraho ku giti cyabo, umuryango no ku rwego

rw’umuryango nyarwanda.

Muri rusange,abana bafatwa nk’ “abana babicanyi” ku rwego rw’umuryango no ku rwego

rw’umuryango nyarwanda nayo byateye ihungabana ku bana ubwabo.402

Ubwicanyi bukomeye bwakorewe abana b’Abatutsi b’abakozi bwagaragaye muri Jenoside

yakorewe Abatutsi. Aba bana bafatwaga nk’abazabangamira mu bihe bizaza niyo mpamvu

bagombaga ku bikiza mu buryo bwose. Ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi byarimo no kujugunya aba-

na mu misarane ari bazima , kubatera ku nkuta cyangwa kubasiga bacicwa n’inzara nyuma

yo kubicira ababyeyi babo.

Akenshi abana bicanwaga n’ababyeyi babo cyangwa ku mashuri. Ibi bikorwa byakozwe

n’imitwe y’interahamwe ( z’abagabo cyangwa abagore), abayobozi z’inzegi z’ibanze

n’abashinzwe umutekano bahawe amabwiriza na Leta.

4.9. Ibikorwa bigamije gusibanganya ibimenyetso muri Jenoside

Abakoze Jenoside bishe abakozi b’Abatutsi mu zahoze ari minisiteri zombi n’ibigo

bizishamikiyeho bageregeje gusiba imimenyetso bya Jenoside mu buryo butandukanye aho

inzirakarengane ziciwe.

402 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na MADGV i Nyamirambo, Nzeli 18, 2017

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Byari byarateguwe neza kandi n’ingamba zo guhisha ibimenyetso bya Jenoside

hagamijwe kuyihakana mu buryo bweruye.

Ariko , bibagiwe ko gusibanganya ibimenyetso nk’ibyo bya Jenoside bitari kubashobokera

kubera ko yakozwe ku manywa y’ihangu. Mu by’ukuri , uburyo byo gusibanganya ibime-

nyeto cyangwa kuhakana Jenoside byari intambwe ya nyuma ya Jenoside.

Abicanyi bashatse kumaraho abakozi b’Abatutsi, bizimangatanya amateka yabo no guz-

imangatanya kwibukwa n’abavandimwe babo barokotse cyangwa kwibuka abapfuye.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ubwo buryo bwo kuzimangatanya butakorewe gusa abahoze ari

abakozi b’Aabatutsi muri Ministeri y’Imari, Ministeri y’Igenamigambi n’ibigo

bizishamikiyeho ahunwo n’Abatutsi muri rusange.

Ni muri uru rwego, ibyavuye mu busshakashatsi bigaragaza ko abenshi bishwe muri Jeno-

side batawe mu myobo cyangwa mu myobo rusange hagamijwe kuzimangatanya ibime-

nyetso bya Jenoside. Umwe mu bafitanye isano n’uwishwe muri Jenoside yatanze ubuha-

mya ati:

“Igihe Jenoside yatangiraga, interahamwe zacukuye imyobo ahantu hatandukanye

muri Kigali, aho zagombaga kujugunyamo Abatutsi, imibiri yabo yajugunywagamo mu

byobo cyangwa kuyishyira mu modoka no kuyijyana mu myobo itandukanye kuri izo

mpamvu [….]”403

Hashingiwe kuri ubwo buhamya, hari indi mibiri y’Abatutsi bishwe bashyirwa mu maka-

myo maze bajyanwa ahantu hatazwi. Iyo mibiri ishobora kuba yaratabwe mu myobo

cyangwa yarajugunywe mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo.

Indi mibiri yaratemaguwe maze itwikwa ari baziba ariko ibyo akaba byarabaye hake cya-

ne. Undi mutangabuhamya yongere kuvuga ati:

“[…] Imibiri myinshi yapakiwe mu makamyo ijyanwa ahantu hatandukanye itabwa

ahantu hatazwi cyangwa ijugunywa mu mugezi wa Nyabarongo. Hari igihe iyo myobo

yahambuwe maze ijugunywa muri Nyabarongo”.404

403Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na MADGV i Nyamirambo, Nzeli 18, 2017 404 Ikiganiro cyatanwe na MASGV ku Kagugu,Ugushyingo 20, 2017

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Nk’uko undi wabajijwe avuga, umuhoze ari umukozi w’Umututsi muri MINIPLAN yiciwe

ku kazi maze umurambo we ujugunywa mu Kiyaga cya Kivu.405 Naho abandi bishwe ,

imibiri yabo, yatawe mu misarane. Uwabajijwe yahamije ko ibyo bikorwa byakorwaga

n’abicanyi, yavuze uburyo byakorwaga: “ imibiri imwe yatabwaga mu misarane cyangwa

ahantu hihariye cyangwa ahantu ha rusange ”.406

4.10. Imibanire hagati y’abaturage nyuma ya Jenoside

Nyuma ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorwe Abatutsi, imibanire y’abakozi hagati y’Abahutu

n’Abatutsi yari ifite intege nke cyane muri izo ministeri zombi ziri gukorerwamo ubusha-

kashatsi. Hariho kutizerana cyane cyane hagati y’abakozi barokotse Jenoside n’abakozi

b’Abahutu bari mu Rwanda mu gihe cya Jenoside. Abatutsi barokotse babonaga bagenzi

babo b’Abahutu nk’abicanyi, abantu babi, abanzi b’Abatutsi, n’ibindi. Naho abakozi

b’Abahutu babagaho mu bwoba budashira batekereza ko Abatutsi bazihimura maze baki-

horera igihe icyari cyo cyose , haba aho bakorera cyangwa hanze yaho. Ntawavugishaga

undi. Ikigihe cyahayeho kuva cyane cyane 1995 kugeza 1999. 407

Nyuma, Leta yigishaga Ubumwe n’ubwiyunge , gushyiraho igihugu kigendera ku mategeko

n’umutekano no kubaka inzego za Leta, kubanisha abaturage n’ubumwe hagati y’abakozi

b’Abahutu n’Abatutsi barokotse Jenoside byatangiye kugenda byiyubaka buhoro buhoro.

Uyu munsi, hari ibyakozwe bigaragara mu mibanire y’imibereho y’abakozi no kubanisha

abaturage nk’uko byavuzwe n’uwabajijwe wiswe XMCM wagize ati :

“Iyo urebye uko imibanire y’abakozi imeze hagati y’abakozi b’Abahutu n’abakozi

b’Abatutsi , nyuma gato ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari,

hariho kutizerana , kwangana , ubwoba n’amacakubiri ashingiye ku bwoko ari ko us-

anga nta Bihari uyu munsi .”408

405Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’ufitanye isano w’uwishwe, Kanama 17, 2017 406 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na MJDGV ku Kaciru, Nzeli 18, 2017 407 Amakuru rusange yatanzwe n’ababajijwe bakora mu nzego zitandukanye bakoze mu bihe byashize mu yahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imarina Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi mbere yo kuvanga inzo nzego zombi za Leta. 408 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na XMCM ku Kimihurura, Nzeli 27, 2017

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Uyu munsi muri MINECOFIN, Ubumwe no kubanisha abaturage byaragarutse mu buryo

bugaragara kandi bwiyubatse ku rwego rw’umuntu ku giti cye no ku rwego rw’abaturage

hagati yabo yewe no kurushaho mbere yo mu mwaka wa 1994. Uyu munsi, hari Ubumwe

no kubana hagati y’abaturage mu nzego zose abakozi bakoramo nk’umusaruro wa politiki

y’igihugu y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge byashyizwe imbere na Leta y’Ubumwe

bw’abanyarwanda.

4.10.1. Kwibuka Jenoside muri MINECOFIN

MINECOFIN yemera kwibuka Jenoside nk’inshingano y’igihugu mu kigo gitanga umus-

ingi ku bakozi bayo mu kwigira ku mateka yahise kandi igamije kubaka ahazaza heza.

Kimwe n’izindi nzego za Leta, igikorwa kiba buri mwaka. Ntigihuza gusa abakozi ba

Minisiteri ahubwo n’abahoze ari abakozi muri izo minisiteri zombi zirigukorerwamo ubusha-

kashatsi hamwe n’abafitanye amasano n’abishwe muri Jenoside bakoraga muri izo minisit-

eri. Binyuze mu kwibuka Jenoside,minisiteri yashoboje abari abakozi kwibuka abo babuze.

Iki gikorwa cyafashije gushyiraho uburyo bw’ingenzi bwo komora abarokotse hamwe no

gushimangira inzira y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu gihugu.

Nk’uko bivugwa na Minisiteri, igikorwa cyo kwibuka Jenoside ntikigamije kwibuka aba-

buze ubuzima bwabo ahubwo uruhare bagize mu iterambere ry’igihugu . N’ingenzi kwem-

era ko abazize Jenoside bakoreye igihugu cyabo ariko nyuma barabahinduka maze barabica

biteguwe kandi bitewe inkunga na Leta yateye inkunga ikorwa rya Jenoside. Ibi byatangan-

gajwe na Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi, Clave Gatete, ku nshuro ya 23 yo kwibuka

Jenoside byabereye kuri MINECOFIN. Yavuze ko : “Tugomba kwibuka ko abo batakaje

ubuzima bwabo batagize uruhare gusa mu muzima bwacu ahubwo ko babikoreye n’igihugu

muri rusange. Mu gusubirana agaciro kacu tugomba kubaha agagaciro nabo”.409

Kwibuka Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi byafashije kandi komora ibikomere

binyuze mu kwibuka muri rusange. Nk’igikorwa, bitanga umusingi ku banyarwanda bose

kongera gutereza ahashize habo no kugaragaza isano irihagati yabishwe. Ni muri urwo

rwego kwibuka Jenoside muri MINECOFIN byatanze amahirwe ku bakozi , abafitanye

amasano n’abahoze ari abakozi ba minisiteri by’umwihariko n’abandi banyarwanda muri

409 Amagambo yavuzwe na Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi , Claver Gatete, ku nshuro ya 19 yo kwibuka ku cyicaro cya MINECOFIN, Gicurasi 19, 2017

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rusange bagomba kwigira ku bahanga bafite ubumenyi ku mateka y’u Rwanda yageejeje

igihugu kuri Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi, ingaruka zayo no kuyikumira.

Umwe mu bayobozi ba minisiteri yaravuze ati “abanyarwanda bose bakozweho na Jenoside

n’ingaruka za Jenoside zizakomeza kwigaragaza mu binyejana bizakurikirana.” Ibi ni uku-

bera ko umubare munini wahuye n’ibibazo bakiriho bafite ibibazo by’ibikomere n’abana

babo bakomeje guhura n’ihahamuka ku binyejana bizakurikiraho. Kuva 2011, MINECOFIN

yatangiye kwibuka Jenoside kandi yakanguriye abarokotse Jenoside bose hamwe

n’abafitanye amasano n’abazize Jenoside bakoze muzahoze ari izo minisiteri ebyiri. Kuva

2016, ibikorwa byo kwibuka byatangiye gukorwa muri rusange biteguwe na MINECOFIN,

n’abarokotse Jenoside n’abafitanye amasano y’abishwe.

Ifoto yo hepfo igaragaza uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yibustwe ku nshuro ((#Kwibu-

ka23) muri rusange:

Ifoto yo kwibuka: Abakozi bwa MINECOFIN, abarokotse Jenoside n’abafitanye isano n’abazize Jenoside

bakoraga muri Minisiteri y’Imari, Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho kwibuka Jenoside

yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi mu gikorwa cyo kwibuka ((#Kwibuka23) ku cyicaro cya Minisiteri kuwa 2

Kamena, 2017.

Mu gusoza, kumva amateka ya Jenoside byafashije abakozi ba minisiteri nabo bafitanye

amasano bari abakozi bizafasha gukumira ko yakongera kubaho. Umukozi wa minisiteri

yijeje abanyarwanda ko : “Kwibuka Jenoside bigarura imbaraga binyuze mu kwibuka amate-

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ka ya Jenoside no kwizeza ko amahano atazongera kubaho ukundi.”410 N’ubwo minisiteri

idashobora guhindura amateka y’igihugu yo nyine , kwibuka Jenoside yagizwe igikorwa cya

rusange binyuze mu bakozi ba minisiteri aho bigira ku bibi byabaye no kongera kubaka

ahazaza heza .

4.10.2. Gushyigikira abazize Jenoside

Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi yashenye imibereho y’abanyarwanda, politiki

n’ubukungu hamwe n’abaturage by’umwihariko abarokotse Jenoside. Icyavuyemo n’uko ,

Leta y’Ubumwe b’Abanyarwanda yashyizweho nyuma ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 yatangije

gahunda zitandukanye zo gushyigikira imiryango ikenywe, harimo n’abarokotse Jenoside.

Nyamara, mu byihutirwa byo Leta yashyize imbere, hari hakenewe kongera kubaka no

gushyigikira abarokotse Jenoside ba who had undergone tnyuze mu bibazo bikomeye.

Ntibyabaye ku miryango yabo n’abakozi gusa ahubwo n’imitungo yabo yasenywe , bituma

abarokotse basigara iheruheru kandi ari abakene .

Ubufasha bwa MINECOFIN ntibushingiye ku ngengo y’mari ya minisiteri ahubwo no ku

misanzu y’abakozi binyuze mu cyerekezo cy’ubuyobozi. Inkunga yatanzwe ijyanye

n’imari n’ubujyanama. Ubu bufasha bwaraguwe kugeza ku by’iciro by’abarokotse

n’abafitanye isano n’abishwe. Ibi byagezweho mu buryo bukurikira :

4.10.2.1. Ubufasha ku muryango - Imararungu

Mu 2011, abakozi ba MINECOFIN bagize igitekerezo cyo gushyigikira abarokotse Jenoside

cyo kunganira inkunga itangwa na Leta. Muri uwo mwaka, hagendewe ku biganiro hagati ya

FARG, itsinda ry’abarokotse Jenoside rizwi ku zina ry’Imararungu mu Karere ka Kamonyi

ryashyizweho. Rigizwe n’abana barokotse Jenoside.

Binyuze mu nkunga zatanzwe n’abakozi, bashoboye gukusanya miliyoni eshatu ( 3,000, 000

FRW). Kuva abenshi ari abana bari mu mashuri badafite ubushobozi bwo gukoresha

amafaranga ku b’indi bikorwa bibyara inyungu, MINECOFIN yemeye kubagurira inka.

Kandi, inka 10 zaguzwe maze zihabwa iryo shyirahamwe.

Mu 2013,abakozi ba MINECOFIN bakusanije miliyoni eshanu ( 5,000, 000 FRW)

bayageza kuri iryo shyirahamwe. Mu biganiro n’abagenerwabikorwa, byemejwe ko ha-

410 Amagambo yavuzwe n’uwarokotse Jenoside ku nshuro ya 23 yo kwibuka kuri MINECOFIN kuwa 2 Kamen, 2017.

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tangizwa umushinga ubyara inyungu. Uwo mushinga ugizwe no kugura ibikoresho

by’itumanaho , intebe , amahema byo gukoresha mu bihe by’ingenzi byateguwe

n’abaturage.

4.10.2.2. Ubufasha ku bavandimwe b’abahoze ari abakozi b’Abatutsi

Buri mwaka,abakozi ba MINECOFIN batera inkunga y’ubujyanama abatishoboye

bafitanye amasano n’abazize Jenoside muri zaminisiteri zikorwamo ubushakashatsi. Ubu

bufasha bukorwa binyuze mu bikorwa bumvikanyeho. Byibura, buri mwaka imiryango

ibiri y’abatishoboye barokotse Jenoside bagasurwa n’abakozi ba MINECOFIN kandi ba-

habwa amafaramga angana byibuze n’ibihumbi Magana abiri ( 200,000 FRW). Mu kurangiza

kuva 2016, minisiteri itanga kandi ikorohereza abana bafite ababyeyi bishwe mu zahoze ari

minisiteri ebyiri bakimenyereza ibijyanye n’akazi .

4.11.3. Kurwanya ingengabiterezo ya Jenoside no kuyihakana

Ingenga biterezo ya Jenoside mu Rwanda isobanurwa nk’“ urwunge ry’ibiterezo birangwa

n’imyitwarire, ibiganiro, inyandiko n’ibindi bikorwa bigamije kumaraho cyangwa gukan-

gurira kumaraho abaturage hashingiwe ku bwoko bafite, inkomoko, ubwenegihugu,

akarere , ibara, uko bateye, igitsina, ururimi, idini cyangwa ibitekerezo bya politiki kandi

bikozwe mu bihe bisanzwe cyangwa mu ntambara ”.411 iyi ngenga biterezo irangwa n’ibi

bikurikira:

kwibasira, gutera ubwoba, gutesha agaciro binyuze mu biganiro bikoresha ibin-

yoma, inyandiko cyangwa ibikorwa bigamije gukwirakwiza kugirira nabi cyangwa

gukangurira urwango ;

gutesha gaciro, kwandagaza, kubeshyera, gukwena, gusembura , kwangisha, gu-

tesha agaciro bigamije guteza urujijo kugamije guhakana Jenoside yabaye, kugangu-

rira ibiterezo bihakana, kwihimura, kuzimangatanya ubuhamya cyangwa ibime-

nyetso bya Jenoside yabaye;

Kwica, gutegura kwica cyangwa kugerageza kwica umuntu ku mpamvu zo gu-

komeza ingenga biterezo ya Jenoside.412

411 Itegeko N°18/2008 ryo kuwa 23/07/2008 ryerekeye icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha bifitanye isano 412 Ibidem

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Kimwe n’izindi nzego z’igihugu, MINECOFIN yemera kurwanya ingenga biterezo ya Jeno-

side no kuyihakana muri minisiteri no hanze yayo. Ikindi, ubuyobozi bwa minisiteri

bwiyemeje kurwanya amacakubiri n’ivangura byaranze izahoze ari minisiteri n’igihugu

muri rusange. Umukozi wa minisiteri yavuze ko yibutsa ko : “ Tuvuye kure. Tugomba

kwigisha urubyiruko ruzaza ku bijyanye n’ingaruka mbi z’ingengabiterezo ya Jenoside

tubwira abaturage ko buri wese agomba kubana namugezi we kubera ko turi umwe kandi

duharanira kwigira mu iterambere ry’igihugu cyacu”413.

Undi wabajijwe yaravuze ati:

“ku rwanya ingenga biterezo ya Jenoside ntabwo ari ukwizera ko itazongera kuba

ahubwo kugaragaza ukuri ku byabaye muri Jenoside yo 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi maze

tukigira ku macakubiri yacu yo mu bihe byahise.”414

Ibyo byose byashimangiwe n’ufitanye isano w’uwazize Jenoside: “Kurwanya ingengabite-

rezo ya Jenoside bigomba kujyana no gukosora amateka mabi hakabaho kurwanya ingenga

biterezo ifitanye isano n’ubwoko […] kandi ndatekereza ko ari cyo Leta yibanda-

ho[…].”415

Mu gusoza, umwe mu bayobozi muri MINECOFIN yatanze inama y’ubunararibonye ati:

“ guca ingengabiterezo ya Jenoside bigomba gukorwa binyuze muri gahunda n’uburyo

bwo kwigisha hamwe no gushimangira ibikorwa by’ubushakashatsi […] ubushakash-

atsi n’ingenzi mu kubanka amakuru azigisha urubyiruko no ku babazabaho nyuma ku

byerekeye ibyabaye no kumenya ko ibyabaye mu Rwanda bitasubira ukundi ”416

ikindi, guhakana Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi bikorwa n’abamwe mu banyar-

wanda cyangwa abanyamahanga n’ingenzi kandi bijyanye no guhishira ingenga biterezo

ya Jenoside. 417 Umwe mu barokotse Jenoside yaravuze ati: “ guhakana Jenoside ubwabyo

413 Dancille Mukandori, umukozi wa MINECOFIN, igihe cyo kwibuka Jenoside ku nshuro ya 13 muri MINECOFIN 414 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umukozi wa MINECOFIN, Nzeli 16, 2017 415 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na Kalishesha Diane ku Kaciru,Nzeli 18, 2017 416 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umukozi wa MINECOFIN, Nzeli 16, 2017 417 Ibid

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bigira ingaruka ku barokotse Jenoside mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi.”418 Undi yaravuze

ati , “ ni ngombwa kurwanya guhakana Jenoside kugira ngo hakumirwe ko yakongera ku-

ba”419 uwarokotse Jenoside ukora ubu muri MINECOFIN yasabye ko: “Leta igomba

mu buryo bw’amategeko cyangwa mu bubanyi n’amahanga gukurikirana abantu ( mu hungi-

ro) bakoresha guhakana Jenoside ku mpamvu zabo za politiki. Ibi n’ukubera ko uburemere

bw’ingaruka zayo zizakomeza kubangamira abarokotse ”420 by’umwihariko n’abanyarwanda

muri rusange.

4.12. Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abarokotse hamwe cyangwa abafitanye isano n’abishwe

Ubuhamya byabarokotse cyangwa abafitanye amasano n’abisshwe muri Jenoside buvuga

ko insanganya matsiko zivuga ku mibereho myiza n’ubukungu, ubutabera , politiki ,ubumwe

n’ubwiyunge. Ubu buhamya bugaragaza ibiterezo byo mu bihe byashize byo kwibuka

n’ibyakusanijwe igihe cy’ubushakashatsi.

Igihe cy’igikorwa cyo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 21 cyabereye kuri minisiteri , umwe mu

barokotse Jenoside yavuze ko :

“ Ibyo twakorewe n’uko twishwe kubera abo turi bo. Twabuze abo twakundaga ariko

Imana yaturinze igihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi izagumana natwe igihe cyose.

Uyu munsi dufite ibyiringiro, dufite uburenganzira nk’abandi bose kandi ahazaza hacu

ni heza turashimira ubuyobozi butavangura uwari we wese. Gusa iyaba abahunze

bashoboraga kureba impinduka […]” 421

Undi warokotse Jenoside mu gikorwa cyo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 23 yavuze ati: “ umugabo

wanjye yarishwe kandi nari mfite inda y’amezi munani […] ariko nashoboye kurokoka kan-

di ubuzima burakomeza kabone n’ubwo habaye amahano yabaye.”

Undi warokotse Jenoside kandi wari umukozi muri minisiteri yashimye RPF na Leta ati:

418 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umukobwa w’uwazize Jenoside ku Kicukiro,Ukwakira 5, 2017 419 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe n’umukobwa w’uwazize Jenoside ku Kicukiro,Nzeli 19,2017 420Ikiganirocyatanzwen’umukoziwaMINECOFIN,Nzeli25,2017

421 Alice Gasengayire, amagambo y’uhagarariye imiryango y’abahoze ari abakozi ba MINECOFIN igihe cyo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 23 ku wa 13,Kamena 2015. Binoneka ku rubuga: http://www.cnlg.gov.rw/news-details/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=303&cHash=fa1e75928f7d757e287e79e96cd0775c

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“RPF-Inkotanyi422 ntiyadutabaye gusa ahubwo yaduhaye icyizere cyo kubaho. Leta

y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo tubone icyizere

cy’ejo hazaza mu buryo butandukanye. Twahawe amacumbi, ubuvuzi , kubona

amashuri, n’ubufasha bwose dukeneye ”.423

Ibi byashimangiwe n’uwarokotse ukora ubu muri MINECOFIN:

“[…] hari icyizere ko ibyabaye bitazongera kubaho ukundi, kubera imbaraga Leta

y’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda yashyize mu guhidura igihugu itagira uho iheza kandi

ishingiye ku bumwe n’ubwiyunge bw’Abanyarwanda .” 424

Umuvandimwe w’uwahoze ari umukozi yavuze ukuntu ubutegetsi bwakoze Jenoside bu-

tubahirizaga uburenganzira bw’ikiremwa muntu:

“ igihe cy’ubutegetsi bwakoze Jenoside, ibyiciro byose by’abanyarwanda nta bu-

renganzira bari bafite bwo kubaho , nta burenganzira bwo kwiga, uburenganzira ku mi-

rimo n’ibindi ariko hejuru ya byose , nta burenganzira ku bwenegihugu […] uyu

munsi abanyarwanda bose banganya uburenganzira akaba ari intambwe y’ingenzi ku

hazaza harabye […]”425.

Umukobwa w’umuntu wazize Jenoside yavuze ko ikibazo cy’uburinganire ari kimwe mu

nzira zo kongera kubaka igihugu , ati :

“Leta yiyemeje kungera kubaka igihugu binyuze mu gahunda zitandukanye

z’iterambere, ubwiyunge bw’abanyarwanda, gushimangira ubutabera, kurwanya ruswa

n’ibindi. Ibi bisobanuye ko kubaka igihugu aho ibyiciro byose by’abanyarwanda

bumva ko bangana kandi batekanye”.426

Ariko, undi wabajijwe yagize icyo avuga ku ngaruka zo guhakana Jenoside ati :

“[…] Leta irakora ibishobok byose ngo yongere kubaka igihugu cyacu ariko abakoze

Jenoside cyangwa abafite ingengabiterezo ya Jenoside mu ntekerezo zabo […]

422 Bisobanura izahoze ari ingabo zahagaritse Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi, zizwi ku izina rya RPF-Inkotanyi zari zifite umutwe wa politiki n’umutwe w’ingabo mu gihe cy’intambara yo kubohora igihugu 423 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na DMBU kuri MINECOFIN, Nzeli 29, 2017 424 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na Mukatamuni Justine, Nzeli 17, 2017 425 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na Mukatamuni Justine, Nzeli 17, 2017 426 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na Kalishesha Diane, Nzeli 18, 2017

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ugereranije n’ uburyo butandukanye bwo guhakana Jenoside haba mu gihugu

cyangwa hanze yacyo.”427

Ushingiye ku byavuzwe haruguru, abarokotse Jenoside babajijwe n’abafitanye amasano

n’abazize Jenoside bemera ko ingengabiterezo ya Jenoside bishobora kurandurwa gusa

mu bihe bya vuba kubera ko hari politiki n’uburyo Leta yabishyizeho.

Iki gitekerezo cyashimangiwe n’undi wabajijwe warokotse Jenoside. Yasobanuye ko : “in-

gengabiterezo ya Jenoside yigishijwe Abahutu mu gihe kirekire, ndakeka kuva mu myaka

ya nyuma ya za 1950 maze igasakazwa mu 1994 igihe Abatutsi bicwaga na Leta.

Noneho, kuyirandura ntibishobora gufata igihe kigufi. Urabizi neza ko mu muco wacu

w’abanyarwanda bavuga ko ‘gusenya inzu biroroha kuruta kuyubaka’ [….] bizafata igihe

cyo gusenya ingengabiterezo ariko twizeye ko ingengabiterezo ya Jenoside izarandurwa

burundu.”428

Mu kugerageza kurandura ingengabitere ya Jenoside ku nzego zose z’abanyarwanda, umwe

mu babajijwe ( ufitanye isano n’uwahoze ari umukozi ) yibanze ku kibazo cyabatarigeze

bahura n’ubutabera ati :

“Leta yakoze neza mu gucira imanza abicanyi bakoze Jenoside bo mu byiciro byose.

Turashimira Leta kubera yakoze ibishobika byose. Ikibazo kimwe n’abahunze ubuta-

bera bibera mu bihugu bitandukanye batigeze bahura n’ubutabera ”.429

Bigomba kumvikana ko ihungabana ryakomeke kubabaza abarokotse Jenoside benshi

n’abafitanye amasano n’abazize Jenoside. Mu kuvuga kuri iki kibazo , umwe mu barokotse

yemejke ko “ ihungabana rikomeza kwiyongera mu buryo bukabijee cyane cyane ku bana

bacu bato.” Ibi kandi byemejwe n’umunyarwanda w’umuhanga mu by’imitekerereze

witwa Vincent Sezibera kuwa 14 Nyakanga 2017 mu gihe yarimo kuyobora amahugurwa

mu ihungabana n’ibibazo bya nyuma y’ihungabana ( PTSD) mu gihe cya nyuma ya Jeno-

side yo mu Rwanda kuri hoteri Nobleza, Kigali. Yavuze ati , “ imyaka 23 nyuma ya Jeno-

427 Ikiganiro ctatanzwe na Annonciata Umuhoza, Nzeli 15, 2017 428 Ikiganiro cyatanzwe na Mukasano Judith, Nzeli 18, 2017 429 Kiganiro cyatanzwe n’uwahoze ari umukozi wa MINIFIN, Nzeli 17, 2017

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side, ibibazo by’ihungabana na PTSD biracyariho mu barokotse Jenoside kandi bikomeje

guherekanywa kuva ku itsinda ry’kinyejana kimwe kugeza ku kindi”.430

Iri hungabana no guta umutwe ntabwo bigaragara gusa ku barokotse Jenoside ahubwo no

kubicanyi mu buryo bumwe cyangwa ubundi. Bake mu bicanyi bakoze Jenoside bagaragara

nk’abafite ihungabana kubera ubwicanyi n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyoko muntu bakoze.

Ariko mu gihe cyose bivuzwe kandi bigakorwa, ingaruka zihungabana ku barokotse ahani-

ni , abana babo n’abo bafitanye amasano.

430Urubuga :http://cnlg.gov.rw/news-details/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=2092&cHash=dbdbac0f2c3efa98217e9edca66685a9 – rwasuwe mu Gushyingo 30, 2017

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IGICE CYA GATANU: AMASOMO YABONETSE MU BUSHAKASHATSI , IN-SHAMAKE Y’IBYAVUYE MU BUSHAKASHATSI , UMWANZURO N’IBYIFUZO

5.1. Amasomo yabonetsemo

Jenoside yakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi mu zahoze ari minisiteri zombi – Minisiteri y’Imari

na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi n’ibigo bizishamikiyeho – yashoboraga gukumirwa iyo

ihame ry’uburyo rusange rikurikizwa .ariko, ntibyashotse kubera impamvu nyinshi.

Iya mbere, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatewe inkunga na Leta , itegurwa kandi yinjizwa

mu nzego zose z’ubutegetsi bwabayeho kuva 1963.

Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi, yimakaje urwango, gutesha

agaciro no kwambura ubumuntu itsinda ry’ubwoko bw’Abatutsi mu bice byose

by’ubuzima.

Mu yandi magambo , ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bwakozwe hagizwemo uruhare

rw’ababikoze batandukanye mu zahoze ari minisiteri no hanze.

Ni muri uru rwego, izahoze ari minisiteri zombi n’ibigo bizishamikiyeho byari bishinzwe

gushyira mu bikorwa ingengabiterezo ya Leta yashakaga kumaraho abakozi b’Abatutsi.

Uburyo bwose bwatangije ingengabiterezo y’urwango ifite imizi guhera ku mpindu-

ramatwara y’Abahutu yo mu 1959 yagenderaga ku ivangura moko yatandukanije aban-

yarwanda ikoresheje amagambo “ Twe’ na bo’ bigamije kwambura ubumuntu Abatutsi nk’

inyenzi’ ‘ inzoka , cyangwa abanzi. Bigomba kumvikana ko nta mukozi wa minisiteri wa-

gerageje gukumira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Bamwe mu

bakozi ba Leta bari abicanyi mu gihe abandi bari indorerezi haba mu bigo bakoramo

cyangwa ahantu babarizwa cyangwa batuye.

Umugambi wo gukwirakwiza ubwicanyi , gukora Jenoside yakorewe abahoze ari abakozi

b’Abatutsi mu zahoze ari minisiteri zikorwamo ubu bushakashatsi aho uruhare runini ari

urw’inzego za Leta n’inzego zitari iza Leta. Ibyabaye muri izo nzego ntibishora gusu-

zumwa hatabayeho guha agaciro ibikorwa byabaye mu gihugu hose. Kuva u Rwanda

rwarangwa n’umuco wo kudahana , abahoze ari abaminisitiri muri Leta n’abandi bayobozi

ba Leta babonaga ko ubwo bwicanyi bwakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi cyari igikorwa

gisanzwe cyagaragajwe n’ubushake bwa Leta bwo kumaraho Abatutsi ku butaka bw’u

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Rwanda. Ni muri urwe rwego ko hari amasomo akurikira yakuwe muri Jenoside yo mu

1994 yakorewe Abatutsi:

Isomo rya #1: Ntibizongera ukundi gukora ubwicanyi na politiki y’amacakubiri uko

iteye kose mu Rwanda

Ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi na Jenoside yakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi mu zahoze ari minisiteri

zombi byatewe inkunga na Leta mu gukora amahano bigamije kumaraho itsinda

ry’ubwoko bw’Abatutsi ntibakozwe muri izo nzego gusa ahubwo mu gihugu hose mu buryo

bugari.

Leta yifashishije ingengabiterezo y’urwango mu gushobora kubeshya no guhindura ib-

iterezo bya bamwe mu bakozi b’Abahutu bamburaga ubumuntu abakozi b’Abatutsi mu gi-

he runaka.

Ibi byabaye mu gihe abakozi ba Minisiteri na Leta bagumye babikurikirana.

Ku mpamvu zose n’intego, iri vanguramoko bwari uburyo bwateguwe bwakorewe

abakozi b’Abatutsi kuva 1959 n’igihe cy’ibibazo bya politiki byo mu 1963 aho izo minisit-

eri zirimo gukorwaho ubushakashatsi zashyiriweho.

Byumvikane ko, MINECOFIN yavanyemo isomo ry’uko ubwicanyi n’ivangura rya politi-

ki byose ubu bidafite umwanya muri iki gihugu.

Isomo rya #2: Gukumira Jenoside Nk’inshingano ya buri wese

Irindi somo ryavanywe muri ubu bushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi

mu zahoze ari Minisiteri zombi zikorwamo ubushakashatsi ni y’uko Jenoside itakongera

gukorwa, bitari ari uko bidashoboka ahubwo kubera y’uko ari inshingano ya buri wese na

buri muturarwanda kurengera uburenganzira bw’abaturage bakarindwa kwibasirwa

n’ubwicanyi bwibasira imbaga. .

Ikindi, abakozi ba MINECOFIN bavanye isomo ry’uko gukumira Jenoside byashobokaga

iyo buri muturage agira uruhare mu kudakurikiza uruhererekane rw’amacakubiri

n’ubwicanyi byaranze izo nzego zombi n’igihugu muri rusange.

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Isomo rya #3: Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi basize umurage

uhoraho kubera icyaha cyakorewe inyoko muntu yose

Ku irembo rya MINECOFIN, hari urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwerekana umurage uhoraho .

Ikindi, nk’uko byagaragajwe mu nyandiko z’abahanga zandistwe zatanzwe muri ubu busha-

kashatsi, kugurwa no gutangwa nk’intwaro n’iyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri

y’Igenamigambi bafatanije na Minisiteri y’Ingabo na BNR byerekanye ko izo nzego za Leta

zateguye kandi zigashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi , ku rwego

rwa minisiteri no ku rwego rw’igihugu. Ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abari abakozi muri izo

minisiteri zikorwamo ubushakashatsi bugaragazako icyo gikorwa kigayitse. Ibyaha byako-

rewe abakozi b’Abatutsi bikozwe n’abagenzi babo b’abakozi b’Abahutu cyangwa inte-

rahamwe ntabwo ari icyaha cyakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi gusa ahubwo cyakorewe aban-

yarwanda bose ndetse ni icyaha cyakorewe inyoko muntu mu ri rusange uwo murage

wasize icyasha kidasibangana kizahabo kandi kikagumaho iteka ryose mu Rwanda no

kw’isi muri rusange.

Isomo rya #4: Abanyarwanda basangiye ahazaza habo kandi hari mu biganza byabo

Abakozi b’Abatutsi bo muzahoze ari minisiteri barishwe kandi batsembwaho n’abamwe

muri bagenzi babo b’Abahutu n’ubwo bari basangiye ibibahuza n’indangagaciro :

basangiye ururimi rumwe n’umuco umwe kandi abakozi bamwe bakoreraga mu biro

bimwe. Ubwicanyi bwa Jenoside bwakozwe n’abagenzi babo babukorera bagenzi babo, aba-

turanyi babukoreye abaturanyi babo kandi abayobozi ba minisiteri bateguye kandi bashyira

mu bikorwa ibyemezo byo kwica abaturage bari bashinzwe kurinda n’ikintu gikomeza

gutangaza abaturage benshi basobanukiwe amateka y’iki kinyejana. Uburenganzira ku ku-

baho n’uburenganzira ku bwenegihugu ni uburenganzira bw’ibanze karemano bukaba

n’uburenganzuira buteganywa n’itegeko nshinga.

Isomo rya #5: Ubumwe n’imibanire y’abaturange ni ntagereranywa mu kugera ku

iterambere rirambye

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muzahoze ari minisiteri zombi no mu bigo bizishamikiyeho ubu

bushakashatsi buri gukorwamo byerekana ko nta muryango cyangwa igihugu cyaranzwe

n’ingengabiterezo y’urwango cyagira icyo kigeraho. Ingengabiterezo y’urwango byanze

bikunze igomba gutsindwa. Niyo mpamvu guharanira Ubumwe n’imibanire myiza ha-

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gati y’abakozi ba MINECOFIN no hanze yayo ari ntagereranywa ku binyejana by’uyu

munsi n’ibinyejana by’ahazaza mu kugera ku iterambere rirambye.

Isomo rya #6: Gusa ubutabera bwuzuye ku bakorewe Jenoside nibwo bushobora ku-garura amahoro arambye

Nk’uko ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi bubigaragaza, Abatutsi bishwe n’abarokotse ba-

koraga muzahoze ari minisiteri zombi n’ibigo bizishamikiyeho bagomba guhabwa ubuta-

bera ku byaha bakorewe cyangwa abo bafitanye amasano. N’ubwo hari uguhinduka

kw’imibereho n’ubukungu by’u Rwanda ndetse hakaba hari n’umutekano bigera ku baro-

kotse n’abafitanye amasano n’abakorewe Jenoside mu zahoze ari minisiteri , ubu busha-

kashatsi bwagaragaje ko uburyo bwo kuvura ibikomere butabaho nta butabera bukozwe. Ibi

ni ukubera ko benshi mu bakoze Jenoside bakoraga mu zahoze ari minisiteri cyangwa bata-

koragamo , uyu munsi bibereye mu buhungiro kubera ibyaha bakoze. N’ubwo hari imbagara

nyinshi zakoreshejwe na Leta yu Rwanda mu kugarura abakoze ibyaha ngo bagezwe imbere

y’ubutabera , bamwe mu bagize imiryango mpuzamahanga babangamiye ubutabera mu

gukora umurimo wayo.

Isomo rya #7: Kwibuka mu buryo bwa rusange nk’ibanze ryo gukumira Jenocide ko yakongera kuba

Ibyavuye mri ubu bushakashatsi byerekanye ko igiterezo cyo kwibuka mu buryo bwa

rusange , bidashoboka kuvura ihangabana ku bakorewe Jenoside no guhindura amateka

y’imacakubiri byaranze igihugu . niyo mpmvu , bishobora kumvikana ko kurwanya ikibi

ari inshingano nyamukuru igomba gukorwa n’abaturage bose.

Mu y’andi magambo, kwibuka mu buryo bwa rusange Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’imwe

mu ngamba igamije gukumira ko yakongera kubaho. Kandi, kwibuka bigomba kurenga

abarokotse Jenoside ahubwo bigomba kureba kandi bigakorwa na buri munyarwanda

wese.

5.2. Incamake y’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi

Abatutsi bakoraga muri Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi n’ibigo

bizishamikiyeho bakorewe ibikorwa bitandukanye, iyicwarubozo no gukorerwa ihangura

ry’uburyo bwose nk’uko Leta yakoze, ibigo byigenga , imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta

n’igihugu muri rusange. Ivangura n’amacakubiri byakozwe n’inzego za Leta byakorewe

abakozi b’Abatutsi mbere yo mu 1990 kugeza igihe Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Aba-

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tutsi ntibitandukanye n’ibyabaye mu gihugu hose. Uburyo bwo gutegura Jenoside bwari

bushingiye kuri gahunda ya Leta yo gutsembaho Abatutsi bose ku butaka bw’u Rwanda.

Imibanire hagati y’abakozi b’Abahutu n’abakozi b’Abatutsi mbere y’ itariki ya 1 Ukwaki-

ra, 1990 yari ishingiye ku moko atandukanye guhera 1962 ubwo Minisiteri y’Imari

( igenamigambi ryari ishami ryayo) yashyizweho . nyuma yaje kwemezwa na Republika

ya Kabiri. Uburyo bwo gushyira ubwoko mu nzego za Leta byaranzwe no kuvangura Aba-

tutsi, kubambura ubumuntu no kubanga. Ako karengane kari gashyigikiwe n’abayobozi

b’inzego cyangwa Abahutu bintagondwa bari mu mitaka y’amashyaka ya politiki yabaga-

mo. - MDR- PARMEHUTU - yayoboye igihugu muri Repubulika ya mbere na MRND

muri Repubulika ya Kabiri.

Ivangura n’ibikorwa by’urwango byakorewe abakozi b’Abatutsi ntibyabonekaga gusa aho

bakoreraga ahubwo no mungo zabo n’ahantu batuye. Ariko, byari uburyo bweruye

bw’akarengane abakozi b’Abatutsi bakorewe mu bice bitandukanye by’ubuzima.

Igihe cya Repubulika ya Mbere, ibikorwa byo kwanga abakozi b’Abatutsi mu bandi bakozi

byari kuri gahunda ku buryo abakozi benshi batangiye kumbyumva nk’umuco wo mu kazi.

Muri Repubulika ya Kabiri, gutegura ivangura , amacakubiri n’urwango byakorewe abakozi

b’Abatutsi bakomeje kubaho, hamwe n’akarengane mu mitangire y’imirimo.

Igihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohoza igihugu, imibanire y’abaturage yarimo uwrikekwe kandi

idakomeye. Ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo n’ibikorwa bitari ibya kimuntu ku bakozi byakoze

n’abakozi b’Abahutu byariyongereye guhera gato mbere yo kuwa 1 , Ukwakira 1990.

Kwibasira, kwambura ubumuntu no gufugwa mu buryo bunyuranije n’amategeko ku b’akozi

b’Abatutsi byakoranywe ubugome bigira ingaruka zitandukanye.

Gucikamo ibice no gutesha agaciro abakozi b’Abatutsi byagaragariye cyane mu kubita

“ inyenzi”, “ inzoka” . ariko cyane cyane , kubafata nk’abanzi” cyangwa “abagambanyi”

b’igihugu byatumye Abatutsi benshi bajyanwa muri gereza baregwa kuba ibyitso bya

RPF-Inkotanyi.

Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakshatsi byerekana ko abakozi b’Abatutsi benshi biciwe ahantu

hatandukanye bari batuye mu gihe abandi biciwe ahantu hatandukanye babaga bahungiye.

Batatu mu bakozi biciwe mu butumwa bw’akazi. Ikiriho n’uko amateka ya Jenoside kuri

aba bakozi atangira guhera nyuma gato mu 1962. Ishyirwa mubikorwa nyaryo rya Jeno-

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side ryatangiye mu 1992 ubwo abakozi b’Abatutsi bafunzwe kandi bakicwa . kwicwa

nyirizina byakorew abakozi b’Abatutsi byatangiye neza kuva tariki 7-8, Mata 1994 kandi

uwanyuma bivugwa ko yishwe mu mpera za Kamena 1994. Imibiri y’abazize Jenoside

yatawe mu myobo no mu misarane nk’uburyo bwo gusibanganya ibimenyetso. Ni ingezi

kuvuga ko imibiri imwe yapakiwe mu makamyo maze itwarwa ahantu hatazwi – iyo mibiri

ishobora kuba yaratawe mu myobo cyangwa mu ruzi rwa Nyabarongo .

Nk’uko byemezwa n’abafitanye amasano n’abishwe bagize amahirwe yo kubona imibiri

y’ababo bishwe , icyo bahurizaho n’uko bashobora kuba baricishijwe imipanga , ibisasu

bya gerenade cyangwa imbunda .

Izo mbuna zari zifitwe n’imitwe y’interahamwe , abajandarume n’ingabo. Ikindi n’uko ku

rwego rw’inzego , nka minisiteri zikorwamo ubushakashatsi hamwe na BNR zagize

uruhare runini mu kugura intwaro n’imbunda zakoreshejwe mu kwica abari abakozi ndet-

se n’abanyarwanda muri rusange. N’ubwo igihugu kitari cyemerewe kugura izo ntwaro

kubera ingingo zimwe z’umwanzuro wa LONI , Leta yiyemeje kubikora n’ubwo itari

ibyemerewe. Ibi byakozwe binyuze mu kohereza amafaranga ya Leta muri za ambasade za-

yo mu Misiri, Ubufaransa, Afurika Yepfo n’ahandi hagamijwe kugura intwaro zakoreshejwe

mu kwica abaturage kimwe n’ uko ibigo bimwe byo mu burengerazuba bw’isi byafashije

Leta muri ubwo bucuruzi bwanduye bwo kugura intwaro.

Nyuma ya Jenoside, ibice bitatu byarasesenguwe: kwibuka Jenoside, gushyigikira abaro-

kotse Jenoside no kurwanya ingengabiterezo ya Jenoside muri MINECOFIN. Icya mbere ,

Kwibuka Jenoside muri minisiteri bikorwa mu buryo bwa rusange kandi bitegurwa

n’abakozi ba minisiteri,abari abakozi b’Abatutsi n’ababitanye amasano n’abazize Jenoside

bakoraga muri izo nzego. Muri make, kwibuka Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi

bikorwa buri mwaka kandi bifasha ababikora kwigira ku mateka no kubona ibisubizo

bifite akamaro mu guhindura igihugu no komora abarokotse. Icyakabiri, abakozi ba

MINECOFIN, babifashijwemo n’ubuyobozi binyuze mu bushobozi bwa buri wese , itanga

ubufasha bw’amafanga n’ubufasha bw’ubujyanama bihabwa abarokotse Jenoside

n’abafitanye amasano. Ubwa gatatu, kurwanya ingenga biterezo ya Jenoside - mu kigo no

hanze - n’igikorwa kidashidikanywaho kandi kigaragara ko ari rusange mu kigo.

Mu gusoza, ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’abarokotse cyangwa abafitanye amasano n’abahoze

ari abakozi bishwe mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bwerekana ko hari icyizere

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ku buzima no ku Rwanda mu buryo burrambye. Ibi byemejwe n’ubuhamya bw’abaturage

batandukanye: Ubumwe n’ubwiyunge , kubaka amahoro , ubutabera, igihugu kigendera ku

mategeko , imiyoborere myiza na demokarasi n’ibindi. Icyizere cyabo gishingira ku bit-

erezo byiza bya Leta iriho bigamije guhindura amateka y’umuryango urangwa no kubana

mu mahoro , utarangwamo Jenoside yakorerwa uwari we wese.

5.3. Umwanzuro

Abakozi b’Abatutsi muzahoze ari ministeri zombi – Minisiteri y’Imari na Minisiteri y’

Igenamigambi - zabayeho kandi zikorera mu mwuka waranzwe n’ivangura, urwango no

kwambura ubumuntu haba ku kazi naho bari batuye. Ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi bakorewe

byabaye mu bihe bitandukanye. Kugirirwa nabi byatangiye mbere gato yo kuwa 1 Ukwa-

kira , 1990 byari bitandukanye cyane n’ibyabaye igihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohoza igihu-

gu. Iyicarubozo n’ibikorwa byo kwambura ubuzima byakoze igihe cy’urugamba rwo ku-

bohoza igihugu byari bibi, bya kinyamaswa kandi bihutiyeho mu miterere yabyo. Ibi

n’ukubera ko mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo kubohoza igihugu abacanyi bari bashishikaye cya-

ne. Abahutu b’intagondwa muri za minisiteri, imitwe y’abasiviri n’inzego z’umutekano za

Leta zari zishishikaye.

Muri make, imiterere y’ubwicanyi abakozi b’Abatutsi bakorewe mu gihe cya Jenoside yo

mu 1994 yakorewe Abatutsi ntibitandukanye nibyabaye ahandi mu gihugu hose. Mu

by’ukuri, gukoresha ubwoko bwose bw’ intwaro, nk’imbunda , imipanga n’impiri hamwe

n’ibisuti n’imiheto byakoreshwaga muri rusange muu cyaro. Imibiri myinshi yasigwaga

itobowe indi ikajugunywa mu misarane no mu byobo yapfuye cyangwa ari mizima indi

ikajugunywa mu ruzi rwa Nyabarongo cyangwa mu kiyaga cya Kivu.

N’ubwo hari amateka y’umwijima ku Rwanda,abarokotse Jenoside bari abakozi cyangwa

bakiri abakozi ubu muri MINECOFIN – hamwe n’abo bafitanye amasano bakomeje kugira

icyizere cy’amahoro ku hazaza. Ibi bijyanye n’inshingano iriho ya Leta y’Ubunwe

bw’Abanyarwanda idahwema gukora ubutitsa ngo ikemure ikibazo cyahise

cy’amacakubiri irwanya ingengabiterezo ya Jenoside no kuyihakana hamwe no gushimangir

ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bw’abanyarwanda bose kugira ngo amahano ya Jenoside atazongera

kubaho ukundi.

5.4. Ibyifuzo

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Hashingiwe ku byavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi, ibyifuzo bikurikira byaratanzwe kandi

bigenenerwa MINECOFIN, MINISANTE na Minisiteri y’Ubutabera .

5.4.1. Kuri MINECOFIN

" Minisiteri igomba gukomeza kubaka ubufasha bw’imibereho ku bakozi bahoze ari

aba MINIFIN, MINIPLAN n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho - barokotse Jenoside ya-

korewee Abatutsi yo mu 1994 hamwe n’abafitanye amasono n’abazize Jenoside

bakoraga muri izo nzego.

" Minisiteri igomba gushyigikira igiterezo cyo kurira uruhare muri rusange mu gu-

tegura ibikorwa byo kwibuka Jenoside buri mwaka , ni ukuvuga hagati ya

MINECIFIN n’abarokotse Jenoside hamwe n’abafitanye amasano n’abazize Jeno-

side bakoraga muri izo nzego.

" MINECOFIN igomba korohereza abakozi bayo ( by’umwihariko abasanzwe ) mu

kubona inyigisho za gahunda mbonera gihugu nk’abayobozi b’ udushami n’abandi

bayobozi bakuru bagomba kuyiga nk’uburyo bwo gukumira.

" Hashingiwe ku byavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru mu

gace ka 1.7, hifujwe ko amakuru ku bazize Jenoside muri MINECOFIN agomba

kuzuzwa kandi agahuzwa n’igihe , by’umwihariko ibirebana n’imyirondoro

y’abazize Jenoside ituzuye aho abafitanye amasano bitashobotse kubamenya igihe

hakorwaga ubu bushakashatsi. Ni muri urwo rwego, hakenewe gukorwa ubundi

bushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewwe Abatutsi mu nzego za Leta hi-

bandwa kuri izi nsanganyamatsiko zikurikira :

" Gushyira muri mudasobwa amadosiye mu ishami rishinzwe abakozi muri

MIFOTRA

" Gushyira muri mudasobwa amadosiye y’inkiko Gacaca bigakorwa na

Komisiyo y’Igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG).

" Ikindi, ubundi bushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu zahoze afri min-

isiteri zombi bugomba gutuma habaho kugera ku madosiye y’abakozi mu kigo

cy’ubwiteganyirize mu Rwanda ( RSSB), Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) ryahoze

ari Ishuri Rikuru ry’Imari ya Leta kubera ko hitezwe ko amakuru menshi ashobra

kunganira amakuru y’abazize Jenoside yabonetse.

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5.4.2. Kuri Minisiteri y’Ubuzima (MINISANTE)

" MINISANTE igomba gushyiraho gahunda zirambye z’ubufasha ku barokotse Jeno-side bahura n’ibibazo by’ihungabana.

5.4.3. Kuri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera (MINIJUST)

MINIJUST igomba gushakisha abakoze Jenoside bakoraga muyahoze ari Minisiteri

y’Imari , Minisiteri y’Igenamigambi n’ibigo bizishamikiyeho - kandi bari hanze

y’igihugu – bakazanwa bagakera imbere y’ubutaberae.

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Rutayisire Paul, et Byanafashe Deo, (Editeurs), Histoire du Rwanda. Des origines à la fin du XIXe siècle. Butare: NUR, 2011.

Paul, Rutayisire, & Deo, Byanafashe, History of Rwanda: From the Begnning to the End of the Twentieth Century. Kigali: NURC, 2016.

Faustin, Rutembesa, «Ruptures culturelles et génocide au Rwanda» in Cahiers du Centre de Gestion des Conflits, nº2, Butare, E.U.N.R, pp. 93-123, 2001.

Faustin, Rutembesa, Genocide in Mugina Commune. Kigali: Pallotti Presse, 2009.

Shyaka, Anastase, The Rwandan Conflict: Origin, Development and Exit Strategies. Kigali: SIDA, 2007.

179

IMIGEREKA

Umugeraka wa I: Uburyo bwo gukora ibiganiro

1. Imiterere ya Minisiteri y’Imari, Ministeri y’Igenamigambi n’ibigo byari

bizishamikiyeho mu 1994

! Aho izo Ministeri n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho byakoreraga (Intara, Akarere,

Umurenge)

! Igihe izo minisiteri n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho byatangiriye imirimo n’inshingano

zabyo

! Imiterere y’inzego z’Ubuyobozi bw’Izo Ministeri n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho

! Abakozi izo Ministeri n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho bakoreshaga mbere ya 1990

(Amazina n’ inzego z’imirimo babarizwagamo)

! Abakozi izo Ministeri n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho bakoreshaga mu gihe

cy’urugamba rwo Kwibohora: hagati ya 1990-1994 (Amazina n’ inzego z’imirimo ba-

barizwagamo)

2. Imibereho n’imibanire y’abakozi mbere ya 1990 muri Minisiteri y’Imari na Ministeri

y’Igenamigambi hamwe n’ibigo byari bizishamikiyeho

! Imibanire y’Abakozi mbere ya 1 Ukwakira 1990

! Ese hari ibikorwa bitandukanye byo guhohotera Abatutsi byagiye bigaragara mu

muri Minisiteri y’Imari na Ministeri y’Igenamigambi hamwe n’ibigo byari

bizishamikiyeho mbere ya 1 Ukwakira 1990. Urugero rw’ibikorwa by’itoteza bya-

korewe Abatutsi:

a) Gutukwa

! Igihe n’aho byabereye

! Uburyo bwakoreshejwe (Inama, Inyandiko,…)

! Amazina y’abahohotewe

! Amazina y’abari ku isonga

! Urwitwazo

180

b. Gukubitwa




! Urwitwazo.

c. Kwirukanwa mu kazi

! Igihe byabereye



! Urwitwazo.

d. Guhindurirwa akazi

! Igihe byabereye

! Amazina y’ababikorewe


! Urwitwazo.

e. Guteshwa agaciro ku mugaragaro

! Igihe byabereye




! Urwitwazo.

f. Gushishikariza kwanga no guhohotera Abatutsi

! Igihe byabereye




! Urwitwazo.

! Bindi

181

3. Imibereho n’imibanire y’abakozi mbere mu gihe cy’urugamba rwo Kwibohora (1990-

1994)

! Imibanire y’Abakozi hagati ya 1 Ukwakira 1990 n’iya 6 Mata 1994 yari imeze ite

muri rusange.

! Ni ibihe bikorwa byo guhohotera Abatutsi byagiye bigaragara mu muri Minisiteri

y’Imari na Ministeri y’Igenamigambi no mu bigo byari bizishamikiyeho mu gihe

cy’urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu

! Igihe ibyo bikorwa byabereye, amazina y’ababikorewe, amazina y’ababigizemo

uruhare n’urwitwazo rwo kubahohotera. Urugero rw’ibikorwa by’itoteza byakorewe

Abatutsi:

a. Gufungwa

! Igihe byabereye

! Amazina y’abafunzwe


Urwitwazo.

b. Gutukwa

! Uburyo bwakoreshejwe (Inama, Inyandiko,…),




! Urwitwazo

c. Gukubitwa




! Urwitwazo.

d. Kwirukanwa mu kazi




! Urwitwazo.

e. Guhindurirwa akazi

182

! Igihe byabereye



! Urwitwazo.

f. Guteshwa agaciro ku mugaragaro

! Igihe byabereye,


! Amazina y’ababikorewe,


! Urwitwazo.

g. Gushishikariza kwanga no guhohotera abatutsi

Igihe byabereye


! Amazina y’ababikorewe,


! Urwitwazo.

! Ibindi

4. Uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yashyizwe mu bikorwa muri Minisiteri

y’Imari na Ministeri y’Igenamigambi no mu bigo byari bizishamikiyeho

! Uburyo n’igihe Abatutsi bakoraga muri Minisiteri y’Imari na Ministeri

y’Igenamigambi no mu bigo byari bizishamikiyeho biciwe;

! Urutonde rw’abakozi ba Minisiteri y’Imari na Ministeri y’Igenamigambi no muI bigo

byari bizishamikiyeho bishwe muri Jenoside

! Urutonde rw’abakozi bagize uruhare muri Jenoside n’aho baherereye

! Urutonde rw’abakozi bahamijwe icyaha mu Nkiko

! Amafoto y’abakozi bishwe muri Jenoside (amazina, igihe n’aho yavukiye, akazi yako-

raga n’igihe yagatangiriye, bimwe mu byamuranze mu kazi, …)

! Umubare n’amazina y’abantu bashobora kuba baraguye muri Minisiteri y’Imari na

Ministeri y’Igenamigambi no bigo byari bizishamikiyeho, uburyo bwakoreshejwe

n’abari ku isonga.

! Inama zitegura Jenoside zaba zabereye muri Minisiteri y’Imari na Ministeri

y’Igenamigambi no mu bigo byari bizishamikiyeho, n’abakozi bazitabiriye

183

5. Ibikorwa byo gusibanganya ibimenyetso bya Jenoside mu gihe yakorwaga

Urugero:

! Kunaga imibiri y’Abatutsi bamaze kwicwa mu byobo,

! Kujyana imibir y’Abatutsi bamaze kwicwa ahandi hantu,

! Ibindi

6. Ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Urugero:

! Gukuraho ibice by’umubiri

! Kurya ibice by’imibiri

! Gutwikwa

! Gukorera ibya mfura mbi abagore n’abakobwa

! Guhamba abakiri ba zima

! Ibindi

7. Imibanire y’Abakozi nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri MINECOFIN

! Kugaragaza uburyo ibikorwa byo Kwibuka byitabirwa

! Kugaragaza uburyo ibikorwa byo gufasha abacitse ku icumu muri rusange

n’imiryango y’abari abakozi b’Ikigo bishwe muri Jenoside byifashe

! Kugaragaza niba hari ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu Kigo n’ingamba zashyizweho

zo kuyikumira.

! Kugaragaza uruhare rw’Ikigo mu nzira yo kwiyubaka no kubaka abandi

! Ibindi.

184

Umugereka wa 2: Bamwe mu bari abakozi ba MINIFIN kuva tariki ya1 Ukwakira

1990 kugeza tariki 6 Mata 1994

No Amazina Umwanya Aho yakore-raga

Minisitiri n’Abanyamabanga Bakuru 1 Mukakayange Anne-Marrie Umunyaamabanga Mukuru Kigali, ku cyica-

ro gikuru 2 Ndindabahizi Emmanuel Minisitiri Kigali, ku cyica-

ro gikuru

3 Ntigurirwa Bénoit Minisitiri Kigali, ku cyica-ro gikuru

4 Rugenera Marc Minisitiri Kigali, ku cyica-ro gikuru

5 Ruhigira Enoch Minisitiri Kigali, ku cyica-ro gikuru

Ishami rishinze Ikigega cya Leta 1 Ayabagabo Jean-de-Dieu Umunyamabanga Kigali, ku cyica-

ro gikuru

2 Gakwandi Phlippe N/A Kigali, ku cyica-ro gikuru

3 Uwibaje Sylvestre Ushinzwe Ikigega cya Leta Kigali, ku cyica-ro gikuru

Ubugenzuzi Bukuru bw’Imari 1 Gahongayire Marie-Claire Umunyamabanga Kigali, ku cyica-

ro gikuru

2 Kayitesi Beatrice N/A Kigali, ku cyica-ro gikuru

3 Mukakimenyi Veneranda Umunyamabanga Kigali, ku cyica-ro gikuru

Amasoko ya Leta 1 Nyiragapasi Jeanne Procurement officer Kigali, ku cyica-

ro gikuru

2 Sugira Innocent Ushinzwe amasoko ya Leta Kigali, ku cyica-ro gikuru

185


Ishami rishinzwe Imisoro 1 Bajeneza Etienne N/A Muhima, Kigali 2 Bajyagahe Alphonse Ushinzwe Agashami gashinzwe

imisoro Muhima, Kigali

3 Bizimungu Casmil N/A N/A 4 Gahunga Gaspard Ushinzwe Ishami rishinzwe Imiso-

ro Butare

5 Gakwandi Norbert N/A N/A 6 Gasana François-Xavier N/A Muhima, Kigali 7 Gasasira Innocent Ushinzwe imisoro Muhima, Kigali 8 Giramata Sophie umucungamari Muhima, Kigali 9 Hagumagutuma Anastase Ushinzwe Agashami gashinzwe

imisoro

10 Iyamuremye Innocent Umugenzuzi w’imisoro Muhima, Kigali 11 Kayijuka Callixte Umucungamari Muhima, Kigali 12 Kayishema Théodore Umugenzuzi w’imisoro Rwamagana 13 Mbayiha Eugène Umugenzizi w’imisoro Muhima, Kigali 14 Mugabo Albert Uwungirije umugenzuzi

w’imisoro Cyangugu

15 Mukaramushi Pierre-Claver Umunyamabanga Muhima, Kigali 16 Mukashema Anne-Marie Umwakirizi Muhima, Kigali 17 Munyangeri Damien Umwakirizi w’imisoro Gitarama 18 Murekezi Fidèle Umugenziziz mukuru w’imisoro Cyangugu 19 Muterahejuru Jean-Baptiste Umunyamabanga Muhima, Kigali 20 Mwumvaneza Juvénal Ushinzwe ububiko Muhima, Kigali 21 Ndayisaba Fidel Ushinze ishami rishinzwe imisoro Gikongoro 22 Nsabimana Télesphore Umunyamabanga Muhima, Kigali

23 Nsengimana Gaspard Sumunyabanga Kigali 24 Nsengiyaremye Christophe N/A N/A 25 Rangira Ephrem Umugenzuzi w’imari Butare

26 Renzaho François-Xavier Umuyozi ushinzwe imari Kigali

27 Rwagasana Jean-Baptiste Umunyamabanga Muhima, Kigali 28 Semvubu Alphonse Umunyamabanga Butare

Ishami rishinzwe za Gasutamo 1 Basomingera Alberto Ushinzwe ishami rishizwe zaGasu-

tamo Gikondo, Kigali

2 Gahizi Jean-Marie-Vianney Umugenzuzi w’imari Gikondo, Kigali 3 Habimana Joseph Umugenzuziz wa za gasutamo Gikondo, Kigali 4 Kagorora Thomas Ugenzura za gasutamo Gikondo, Kigali 5 Karangwa Ildephonse Ushinzwe ubufgenzuzi bw’imisoro Muhima, Kigali

186


6 Karera Valère Umugenzuzi wa za Gasutamo Gisenyi 7 Lionçon Ferdinand Ubugenzuziz bwa za Gasutamo Bugesera 8 Mister Gilbert Umugenzuzi w’imari Gikondo, Kigali 9 Mugwiza Vénant Umugenzuzi wa za gasutamo Rwamagana

10 Mukasikubwabo Odette N/A N/A 11 Mukayitesi Françoise Umunyamabanga Gikondo, Kigali

12 Mukeshimana Thadhée Umugenzuzi w’imari Kibuye 13 Murara Jean-Pierre Umugenzuzi wa za gasutamo Butare 14 Murasi Ignace Ushinzwe ububiko Kigali 15 Murenzi Augustin Umunyamabanga Byumba 16 Musonera Oswald Umukozi ushinzwe serivisi za ga-

sutamo Gisenyi

17 Ndemezo Gonzague Umugenzuzi wa za gasutamo Nyarugenge 18 Nkumbuye Juvénal Ushinzwe Agashami gashinzwe

imisoro Kanombe Air-port

19 Nkusi Jean-Paul N/A Muhima, Kigali 20 Rutagambwa Narcisse Umunyamabanga Kibuye 21 Safari Christophe Umunyamabanga Gikondo, Kigali 22 Sendakize Gaspard Umunyamabanga Ruhengeri 23 Uhawingoma Adrien Umunyamabanga Gisenyi 24 Uwimana Faith Umugenzuzi wa za gasutamo Gikongoro

Ishami rishinzwe Konti za Leta 1 Bimenyimana Théoneste umucungamari Kigali, Icyicaro

Gikuru 2 Mucyo Eustache Umunyamabanga Kigali, Icyicaro

Gikuru 3 Ndahimana Theoneste Ushinzwe konti za Leta Kigali, Icyicaro

Gikuru 4 Nkulikiye André Umucungamari Kigali, Icyicaro

Gikuru 5 Rutarindwa Honoré N/A Kigali, Icyicaro

Gikuru Ubunyamabanga rusange

1 Bagirigomwa Christophe Umunyamabanga Icyicaro Gikuru 2 Kanyabugande Umwanditsi Kigali, Icyicaro

Gikuru

3 Karasira Innocent umwanditsi Kigali, Icyicaro Gikuru

4 Mukamurigo Théodosie Umwanditsi Kigali, Icyicaro Gikuru

187


5 Munyemana François Umwanditsi Kigali, Icyicaro Gikuru

6 Muyoboke Daniel Biro by’ushinzwe gutwara ubutumwa

Kigali, Icyicaro Gikuru

Ishami rishinzwe Ingengo y’Imari 1 Mukabideri Theresse Ushwinzwe ubugenzuzi

bw’ingengo y’imari Kigali, Icyicaro Gikuru

2 Ndayambaje Léon umucungamari Kigali, Icyicaro Gikuru

3 Ngabonziza Alexis Umucungamari Kigali, Icyicaro Gikuru

4 Ngamije Leon N/A Kigali, Icyicaro Gikuru

5 Nkiriyehe Merane Ushinzwe ishamiri rishinzwe in-gengo y’imari


6 Ntirivamunda Umucungamari Kigali, Icyicaro Gikuru

7 Nyirasenkuye Veneranda Umugenzi w’ingengo y’imari Kigali, Icyicaro Gikuru

Ishami rishinzwe Ibaruramari 1 Karera Anastase Ushinzwe ububiko Kigali/Icyacaro

Gikuru Ishami rishinzwe Ubugenzuzi

1 Karuranga Frédéric Umuyobozi Kigali/ Icyacaro Gikuru

2 Rwakayigamba Jean Marie Umwanditsi Kigali/Icyaro Gikuru

Amashami Atazwi 1 Hakizimfura Canisius N/A N/A 2 Muhigana Nkusi Jean N/A N/A 3 Mukandori Dancille N/A Kigali, Icyacaro

Gikuru 4 Mukaremera Immaculée N/A N/A 5 Ngendahimana Jaffet N/A N/A 6 Nsengiyumva Gaspard N/A N/A

Ibikoresho

188


1 Ndengiyingoma Shirikisho Jean-Bosco

Umushoferi Kigali, H/Q

2 Nderere Alphonse umushoferi Kigali, H/Q 3 Ntamabyariro Faustin Umushofero Kigali, H/Q

189

Umugereka wa 3: Bamwe mu bakozi bari aba MINIPLAN kuva tariki ya 1 Ukwakira

1990 kugeza tariki 6 Mata 1994

No Amazina Umwanya Aho yakoreraga Minisitiri

1 Ngirabatware Augustin Minisitiri Kigali 2 Ntagerura André Minisitiri Kigali

Ishami rishinzwe Ibarurishamibare 1 Boy Suleyman N/A N/A 2 Gasana Hyacinthe Ushinzwe ibarurishamibare Muhima, Kigali 3 Hategekimana Joseph Ushinzwe ibarurishamibare Muhima, Kigali

4 Ingabire Alice Ushinzwe ibarurishamibare Muhima, Kigali

5 Kambogo Ushinzwe ibarurishamibare Muhima, Kigali

6 Karekezi Samuel Ushinzwe ibarurishamibare Muhima, Kigali

7 Mukamurenzi Cacilde Ushinzwe ibarurishamibare Muhima, Kigali

8 Mukanyonga Pauline Ushinzwe ibarurishamibare Muhima, Kigali

9 Ndarasi André Ushinzwe kwimura aba-turage ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange

Kigali, Icyicaro gikuru

10 Nkurunziza Vianney Ushinzwe ibarurishamibare Muhima, Kigali

11 Nsengimana Elie Ushinzwe ibarurishamibare Muhima, Kigali

12 Ntambara Juvenal Ushinzwe ibarurishamibare Muhima, Kigali

13 Nyoni Gustave Ibikorwa by’ibarurishamibar

Muhima, Kigali

14 Pawo Paul Ushinzwe ibarurishamibare Muhima, Kigali

15 Rutazigwa Ignace Ushinzwe ibarurishamibare Butare

16 Twagiramungu Issa Ushnzwe gukusanya ama-kuru

Kibuye

17 Twagirayezu Alexis Umuyobozi ushinzwe Iba-rurishamibare

Kigali,Icyacaro Gikuru

18 Uwamariya Marie-Louise Ushinzwe ibarurishamibare Kigali, Icyicaro Rusange

Ishami rishinzwe Ibarura ry’abaturage 1 Segahwenge Asilida N/A Kigali, Icyicaro

Rusange Ishami rishinzwe Ubungu rusange

1 Muganga Joseph N/A Kigali, Icyicaro

190

No Amazina Umwanya Aho yakoreraga Rusange

2 Sefaranga Albert Umusesenguzi mu bijyanye n’ubukungu rusange

Kigali, Icyicaro Rusange

Ubunyamabanga Rusange 1 Mukadisi Fébronie Umunyamabanga Kigali, Icyicaro

Rusange Ibikoresho

1 Kayumba Eugène Umushoferi Kibungo 2 Mwumvaneza Mugabo Jean-

Claude Umushoferi Kigali, Icyicaro

Rusange 3 Ndayambaje Pierre umushoferi Kigali, Icyicaro

Rusange 4 Rutikanga Jean-Pierre Umushoferi Kigali, Icyicaro

Rusange Amashami atazwi

1 Nshimiyumuremyi Adalbert N/A N/A 2 Rubashinkwaya Bonaventure N/A N/A 3 Rugiraganwa Frederick N/A N/A 4 Uwimana Antoine N/A N/A 5 Uwimbabazi Agnès N/A N/A

191

Umuregereka wa 4: Bamwe mu bari abakozi w’umushinga BUNEP kuva tariki ya 1

Ukwakira 1990 kugeza tariki 6 Mata 1994


Ubuyobozi Bukuru 1 Collete Umuyobozi Mukuru Wungirije Kigali 2 Mbaguta Jean-Marie-Vianney Umuyobozi Mukuru Kigali

Ishami rishinzwe icungamari 1 Litararenga Godfroid umucungamari Kigali 2 Nyagatare Antoine umucungamari Kigali

Ishami rishinzwe Ubwubatsi 1 Gashumba Pierre Claver Ushinwe agashami k’ubwubutsi Kigali

Ubunyamabanga Rusange 1 Muteteri Denise Umunyamabanga Kigali

192

Umugereka wa 5: Abatutsi bishwe bakoraga muri MINIFIN

No Amazina Umwanya Aho yakoreraga TIshami rishinzwe imisoro

1 Bajyagahe Alphonse Ushinzwe agashami k’imisoro

Muhima, Kigali

2 Bajeneza Etienne N/A Muhima, Kigali 3 Gahunga Gaspard Ushinzwe ishami

rishinzwe imisoro Butare

4 Gakwandi Norbert N/A N/A 5 Gasana François-Xavier N/A Muhima, Kigali 6 Giramata Sophie Umucungamari Muhima, Kigali 7 Iyamuremye Innocent Umugenzuzi w’imisoro Muhima, Kigali 8 Kayijuka Callixte Umucungamari Muhima, Kigali 9 Kayishema Théodore Umugenzuzi w’imisoro Rwamagana

10 Mbayiha Eugène Umugenzuzi w’imisoro Muhima, Kigali 11 Mugabo Albert Uwungirije umugenzuzi

w’imisoro Cyangugu

12 Mukaramushi Pierre-Claver Umunyamabanga Muhima, Kigali 13 Mukashema Anne-Marie Umwakirizi Muhima, Kigali 14 Munyangeri Damien Umugenzuzi w’imisoro Gitarama 15 Murekezi Fidèle Ushinzwe ubugenzuzi

bw’imisoro Cyangugu

16 Muterahejuru Jean-Baptiste Umunyamabanag Muhima, Kigali 17 Mwumvaneza Juvénal Ushinzwe ububiko Muhima, Kigali 18 Nsabimana Télesphore Umunyamabanga Muhima, Kigali 19 Nsengimana Gaspard Umunyamabanga Kigali 20 Rangira Ephrem Umugenzuzi w’imari Butare 21 Renzaho François-Xavier Umuyobozi w’Ishami Kigali 22 Rwagasana Jean-Baptiste Umunyamabanga Muhima, Kigali 23 Semvubu Alphonse Umunyabanga Butare

Ishami rishinzwe za Gasutamo 1 Gahizi Jean-Marie-Vianney Umugenzuzi w’imari Gikondo, Kigali 2 Habimana Joseph Umugenzuzi wa za

gasutamo Gikondo, Kigali

3 Kagorora Thomas Umugenzuzi wa za gasutamo

Gikondo, Kigali

4 Karera Valère Umugenzuzi wa za gasutamo

Gisenyi

5 Karangwa Ildephonse Ushinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’imisoro

Muhima, Kigali

193

No Amazina Umwanya Aho yakoreraga 6 Lionçon Ferdinand Ubugenzuzi bwa za ga-

sutamo Bugesera

7 Mugwiza Vénant Ubugenzuzi bwa za ga-sutamo

Rwamagana

8 Mukayitesi Françoise Umunyamabanga Gikondo, Kigali 9 Mukeshimana Thadhée Umugenzuzi w’imari Kibuye

10 Murara Jean-Pierre Umugenzuzi wa za gasutamo

Butare

11 Murasi Ignace Ushinzwe ububiko Kigali 12 Murenzi Augustin Umunyamabanga Byumba 13 Musonera Oswald Umukozi ushinzwe

serivisi ya za gasutamo Gisenyi

14 Ndemezo Gonzague Umugenzuzi wa za gasutamo

Nyarugenge

15 Nkumbuye Juvénal Umugenzuzi wa za gasutamo

Kanombe Airport

16 Nkusi Jean-Paul N/A Muhima, Kigali 17 Rutagambwa Narcisse Umunyamabanga Kibuye 18 Safari Christophe Umunyamabanga Gikondo, Kigali 19 Sendakize Gaspard Umunyamabanga Ruhengeri 20 Uhawingoma Adrien Umunyamabanga Gisenyi 21 Uwimana Faith Umugenzuzi wa za

gasutamo Gikongoro

Ishami rishinzwe ingengo y’Imari 1 Ngabonziza Alexis umucungamari Kigali, Icyicaro giku-

ru 2 Ndayambaje Léon umucungamari Kigali, Icyicaro giku-

ru

3 Ngamije Léon N/A Kigali, Icyicaro giku-ru

Ishami rishinzwe Konti za Leta 1 Bimenyimana Théoneste umucungamari Kigali, Icyicaro giku-

ru

2 Karera Anastase Ushinzwe ububiko Kigali, Icyicaro giku-ru

3 Mucyo Eustache Umunyamabanga Kigali, Icyicaro giku-ru

4 Nkulikiye André Umucungamari Kigali, Icyicaro giku-ru

194

No Amazina Umwanya Aho yakoreraga Ishami rishinzwe Ubugenzuzi

1 Karuranga Frédéric Umuyobozi Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-ru

2 Rwakayigamba Jean Marie Umwanditsi Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-ru

Ishami rishinzwe Ikigega cya Leta 1 Ayabagabo Jean-de-Dieu Umunyamabanga Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-

ru

2 Gakwandi Philippe N/A Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-ru

Ishami rishinzwe amasoko ya Leta 1 Nyiragapasi Jeanne Ushinzwe amasoko Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-

ru

2 Sugira Innocent Ushinzwe amasoko Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-ru

Ubugenzuzi Bukuru bw’Imari 1 Gahongayire Marie-Claire Umunyamabanga Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-

ru

2 Kayitesi Béatrice N/A Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-ru

Ubunyamabanga Rusange 1 Bagirigomwa Christophe Umunyabanaga Icyicaro Gikuru 2 Kanyabugande umwanditsi Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-

ru

3 Karasira Innocent Umunyamabanga Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-ru

4 Mukamurigo Théodosie Umunyamabanga Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-ru

5 Munyemana François Umunyabanga Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-ru

6 Muyoboke Daniel Ibiro by’ushinzwe gut-wara ubutumwa

Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-ru

Ibikoresho

195

No Amazina Umwanya Aho yakoreraga 1 Ndengiyingoma Shirikisho Jean-

Bosco Umushoferi Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-

ru

2 Ntamabyariro Faustin umushoferi Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-ru

Amashami atazwi 1 Hakizimfura Canisius N/A N/A 2 Nsengiyumva Gaspard N/A N/A 3 Muhigana Nkusi Jean N/A N/A 4 Mukandori Dancille N/A Kigali,Icyicaro Giku-

ru 5 Mukaremera Immaculée N/A N/A 6 Ngendahimana Jaffet N/A N/A

196

Umugereka wa 6: Abatutsi bishwe bakoraga muri MINIPLAN

No Amazina Umwanya Aho yakoreraga Ishami rishinzwe ibarurishamibare

1 Boy Suleyman N/A N/A 2 Gasana Hyacinthe Ushinzwe ibaruri-

shamibare Muhima, Kigali

3 Hategekimana Joseph Ushinzwe ibaruri-shamibare

Muhima, Kigali

4 Karekezi Samuel Ushinzwe ibaruri-shamibare

Muhima, Kigali

5 Mukamurenzi Cacilde Ushinzwe ibaruri-shamibare

Muhima, Kigali

6 Ndarasi André Ushinze kwimura abatur-age ku mpamvu z’inyungu rusange

Muhima, Kigali

7 Nsengimana Elie Ushinzwe ibaruri-shamibare

Muhima, Kigali

8 Nyoni Gustave Ushinzwe ibikorwa by’ibarurishamibare

Muhima, Kigali

9 Pawo Paul Ushinzwe ibaruri-shamibare

Muhima, Kigali

10 Rutazigwa Ignace Ushinzwe ibaruri-shamibare

Butare

11 Twagiramungu Issa Ushinzwe gukusanya amakuru

Kibuye

12 Twagirayezu Alexis Umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe ibaruri-shamibare

Kigali, Icyicaro Giku-ru

13 Uwamariya Marie-Louise Ushinzwe ibaruri-shamibare


Ishami rishinzwe Ubukungu rusange 1 Sefaranga Albert Umusesenguzi ushinzwe

ubukungu rusange Kigali, icyicaro giku-ru

Ubunyamabanga rusange 1 Mukadisi Fébronie Umunyabanga Kigali, icyacaro

gikuru Ibikoresho

1 Mwumvaneza Mugabo Jean-Claude

Umushoferi Kigali, icyicaro giku-ru

2 Rutikanga Jean-Pierre Umushoferi Kigali, icyicaro giku-ru

3 Ndayambaje Pierre Umushoferi Kigali,icyicaro gikuru 4 Kayumba Eugène Umushoferi Kibungo

Amashami atazwi

197

No Amazina Umwanya Aho yakoreraga 1 Rubashinkwaya Bonaventure N/A N/A 2 Rugiraganwa Frederick N/A N/A 3 Uwimbabazi Agnès N/A N/A

Umugereka wa 7: Inzirakarengane za Jenoside zakoraga mu mushinga wa BUNEP

No Amazina Umwanya Aho yakorera-ga

1 Litararenga Godfroid Umucungamari Kigali 2 Mbaguta Jean-Marie-Vianney Umuyobozi Mukuru Kigali

Umugereka wa 8: Urutonde rw’abishwe bakoraga muri Minisiteri zombi ariko akaba

nta myirondoro na mike yashoboye kuboneka

No Izina yiswe n’ababyeyi Izina ry’irihimbano 1 Nta zina ry’ababyeyi Bernardin 2 Nta zina ry’ababyeyi Bosco

3 Nta zina ry’ababyeyi Damien

4 Haguma Etienne 5 Kayisire Lambert 6 Kayumba Bosco 7 Mbonimana Appolinaire 8 Mbonimpa Alphonse 9 Ndahiro Callixte

10 Ngirimana Jean 11 Nkundabatenda Felecien

MINISITERI Y’IMARI N’IGENAMIGAMBIP.O BOX 158

KIGALI - RWANDATel: (+250) 252 577 581

E-mail:[email protected]

Documents

REPUBULIKA Y’ U RWANDAsmartfms.minecofin.gov.rw/images/MINECOFIN_ Final Report... · 2018-06-01 · repubulika y’ u rwanda minisiteri y’imari n’igenamigambi (minecofin) gusobanukirwa