2004. 9. 18.

유 승 화

RFID RFID ““Change the WorldChange the World””

1

Change the World where

§ Bits and atoms are merged

§ Physical objects communicate in real time all the time

§ The Internet extends into everyday products

Vision

1 Introduction

The Internet of Things

2

What is RFID?

Radio Frequency IDentification

§ Identifying objects through RF, not requiring line-of-sight.

§ Not a new one!

1 Introduction

3

USNUSN

EnvironmentHealthcare

Home

NetworkTransportation

Distribution/Channel :

SCMAnimal

Husbandry

What is USN?

Ubiquitous Sensor Network

§ Application specific

1 Introduction

4

USN Road Map

(Identification) (Intelligent Autonomous Network)(Sensing)

Record

Intelligent

Autonomous

ID

(Ad-hoc network)

(Sensing)

(Read/Write)

(Read)

(Control)

Sensing

1 Introduction

5

USN Strategy

1 Introduction

Ce

ntr

icE

na

ble

d

RFID USNRFID/USN Value Proposition

Cli

en

t’s

RF

ID/U

SN

Pro

ce

ss

Wal-MartGoal

RFID-enabledID Awareness

USN-enabledContext Awareness

USN-centricIntelligent & Autonomous

Wal-MartJumpstart

Intelligent &Control

Ubiquitous Ubiquitous SocietySociety

6

RFID Concept

1 Introduction

Antenna

Ante

nna

7

RFID Frequency (1)

13.56Mhz(ISO 18000-3)

433.92MHz(ISO 18000-7)

960MHz (ISO 18000-6)

2.45GMhz(ISO 18000-4)

125KHz,134KHz(ISO 18000-2)

860MHz

GlobalPassport, ID card

ID cardName: Rei ItsukiNo.: 00012345Div.: Mu VCCompany: Hitachi, Ltd.

Embedded μ-chip

POST CARD

Invitation forHitachi Exhibition 2002

1 Introduction

8

1 Introduction

RFID Frequency (2)

9

RFID Tag

1 Introduction

10

Physical Configurations

Level of Application Reading Locations

Case

Pallet

Tags Types

Passive

Active

Semi-Passive

Smart Shelves

Container Storage Location

Conveyor

Fork Truck

Unit

1 Introduction

11

Applications (1)

1 Introduction

12

Applications (2)

1 Introduction

13

Applications (3)

1 Introduction

14

1 Introduction

Applications (4)

15

1 Introduction

Applications (5)

16

Barcode orRFID Tag

Tire Beadposition

1 Introduction

Applications (6)

17

Security

1 Introduction

Applications (7)

18

Market Trends (1)

2 RFID Industry

§ Broad Business Cases :• Assets tracking, Supply chain, Healthcare, Manufacturing, etc

§ U.S. & Europe: Over 80% market sharing

• Rapid market penetration

Source: VDC and IDTechEX

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

조원

2002년 2004 2006 2008 2010년

VDC 예측치 IDTechEX 예측치

(Billio

n D

ollars

)

19

2 RFID Industry

Market Trends (2)

20

2 RFID Industry

Market Trends (3)

21

Chasm CrossingChasm CrossingChasm CrossingChasm Crossing

FunctionFunction Reliability/Reliability/ScaleScale

Price/FulfillmentPrice/Fulfillment

2007

2010

§ Where are we?

• Standardization

• Killer Applications

• Technology

• Privacy

2 RFID Industry

Market Trends (4)

22

RFID Solutions

Components of RFID Solutions

Silicon Chip

Tag /Label

Inlet AntennaeReader & Controller

Handheld / Wireless

ConsultancySystems

Integration

EnterpriseApplication

Integration

MiddlewareSoftware

Tags Hardware Integration

2 RFID Industry

23

Key Providers (Tags)

Silicon ChipTag /Label,

labeling devicesInlet

Intermec

PhilipsSCS

Balogh TI

TagSys

InfineonSiemens

Alien

Omron

P. Flipchip

Matrics

Intermec

Balogh

RFID Inc

Rafsec

FlexChip

ASK

MBBS

SCS

EMS

TI

TagSys

Siemens

ASK

Sokymat

MBBSGlobal ID

Global ID

WhereNet

TI

IDSystems Siemens

Savi Identec

EMS

TagSys

Matrics

Rafsec

SCS

Balogh

Wallace

Omron

SiemensSensormatic

Avery Dennison

FlexChip

Cashs

FlintInk

Markem

NCR

ASK Sokymat

MBBS

Global ID

Internl Paper

Zebra

Acti

ve T

ag

Technolo

gy

Passiv

e T

ag

Technolo

gy

KSW Microtec

KSW Microtec KSW Microtec KSW Microtec

RF Saw

RF SawRF SawSTMicro

Member of Auto-ID center

2 RFID Industry

24

Key Providers (H/W)

AntennaeReader & Controller

Handheld /Wireless

Symbol

Awid

Intermec

PsionSCS

Intermec

EMS

TITagSys

IDSystems

Siemens

SCS

Intermec

RFID Inc

Balogh

EMS

TI

TagSys

BiStar

Omron

IDSystems

Siemens

Omron

RFID Inc

Balogh

SamsysBiStar

Rafsec

Matrics

Sensormatic

AlienNCR

ASK ASK

MBBS

IDSystems

IdentecWhereNet

TI

IDSystems

Identec

Siemens

Savi

Acti

ve T

ag

Technolo

gy

Passiv

e T

ag

Technolo

gy

Matrics

Matrics

Member of Auto-ID center

2 RFID Industry

25

Key Providers (Integration)A

cti

ve T

ag

Technolo

gy

Passiv

e T

ag

Technolo

gy

Consultancy, Installation,

Systems Integration

EnterpriseApplicationIntegration

Middleware, NetworkSecurity, Customised Software Solutions

Acsis

Intellident

IDSystems

Sensormatic

Amber Corp.

Invensys

Markem

NCR

Siemens

EMS

SymbolSun

Checkpoint

FlexChip

SAP

Globe Ranger

MBBS

IDSystems

Siemens

Intellident

SAP

EMS

Symbol

Acsis

Intellident

IDSystems

Siemens

Oat Systems

Oat Systems

Thingmagic

FlexChip

Manhattan

ManhattanSavi

Savi

Savi

Vizinal

IDTechEx

Acsis

Intellident

IDSystems

Siemens

Savi

IDTechEx

AccentureAccentureAccenture

Member of Auto-ID center

2 RFID Industry

26

RFID Tag

3 RFID Technology

ICManufacture

AntennaManufacture

Antenna/ICAssembly

ConversionTo Package

EndUser

20¢ 5¢ 5¢ 20¢ 50¢

1-2¢ 1¢ 1¢ 1¢ 5¢

Antenna

ICConnection bw.IC and Antenna

Antenna Substrate

27

3 RFID Technology

Reader

28

RFID Evolution (1)

Local RFID Network

TagRF Channel

Antenna

Local Network

Reader

LocalDB

Local Server

Tag ID Private codeConnectivity Locally Connected and Local DBApplication Small scale applications (ex: library)

3 RFID Technology

29

RFID Evolution (2)

Common RFID Network (ex: SCM)

Tag ID Proprietary code or Universal code Connectivity Wide area networkApplication Across Enterprise

M iddlewareM iddleware

M iddlewareM iddleware

TransportMgmt

WarehouseMgmtOrderMgmt

VisibilitySystem

ProductionScheduling

POS

ShelfInventories

Enterprise System

Reader

Antenna

Common Intra N/WLocal Server

Tag

Local ServerInformation Server

3 RFID Technology

30

RFID Evolution (3)

Global RFID Network: Internet of Things

INTERNET

Object Directory System (ODS)

LAN

Information Server

LAN

Tag ID Universal codeConnectivity Internet-levelApplication Global scale applications

Information Server

3 RFID Technology

31

DMB

DTV

Cellular

PCSIMT-2000

4G

WLAN

type

Wire-line

xDSL

New radio

interface

Home network

Personal area network RFID

Smart sensor network

Network Infrastructure

Access Network

Service and application

Access network

BcN(IP based core network)

Short range Network

RFID Evolution (4)

3 RFID Technology

32

Roadmap

3 RFID Technology

Tag

RF

Tag

Performance

Technology

Throughput

Architecture

Sector

PML

Single-band(UHF)/multi-mode Multi-band/multi-mode

Passive Active Passive/active M/W tag

8m 10m 50 m 100m

200 tag/sec/antenna 300 tag/sec/antenna 500 tag/sec/antenna

Tag/reader anti-collisionHigh Speed

Tag IdentificationMulti-modal

Tag IdentificationIntelligent TagIdentification

Object & Component Framework Mobile Platform Based Architecture

Agent Based ComponentFramework

Retail, SCM, … , Manufacture(Prototypical Benchmarking)

Retail, SCM, Manufacture (Operational)

Prototypical, Product level Box, Pallet level Item Level

Tag Identification

BusinessApplication

Penetration Stage(2007 ~ 2010)

Maturity Stage(2011 - )

Initial Stage(2004 ~ 2006)

Middleware

MDS

Prototypical Versions Globally Standardized & High Performance

Prototypical Locally Operational N/WSoftware

Globally Operational

Retail, SCM, Manufacture(Intelligent)

Area

Proprietary Versions

33

Standard

4 Standardization

De jure Standards

§ ITU, ISO, IEC

• ISO/IEC JTC 1

De facto Standards

§ Forum, Consortium

• EPCglobal, uID Center

34

JTC1/SC31 WG4(1)

§ SC31/WG4: 4 Sub-Groups

• SG1: Data Protocol

• SG2: Unique Identification of RFID Tag

• SG3: Air Interface

• ARP (Application Requirement Profile): Requirements

4 Standardization

SG1

ISO IEC

JTC 1

SC31

WG4

SG2

SG3 ARP

35

JTC1/SC31 WG4(2)

§ 4 Sub-Groups

4 Standardization

36

ISO Standard Status

( NP → CD → FCD → FDIS → IS )

Sub group Area ISO/IEC Work Progress

Data ProtocolTag Commands

Data Syntax

API

Tag Identifier

Generic Parameters

Below 135KHz

13.56KHz

2.45GHz

5.8GHz

UHF860- 930KHz

UHF433MHz(Active)

Elementary Tag Function

Application Requirement

Group

Comments

Unique Tag Identification

Parameter Regulation

Cattle

Library

Mu-Chip

ITS

Logistics

Container (100m)

Read only (EPC)

Applicability

CD

CD

NP

FCD

FDIS

FDIS

FDIS

FDIS

Withdraw

FCD

FCD

NP

IS(TR)

DataSemantics

Application

AirInterface

18000-1

Tag Identification 15963

19789

15962

15961

18000-2

18000-3

18000-4

18000-5

18000-6

18000-7

TBA

TR18001

SG3

ARP

SG1

SG2

Unique ID

4 Standardization

37

Auto-ID Center

EPC & Key Technology

§ MIT (Sanjay Sarma)

• More than 100 organizations

§ Auto-ID Lab & EPCglobal (2003.10.23)

Internet of Things

§ Phase 1 (1999~2002): Auto-ID Infrastructure

• EPC Architecture

• ONS, PML, Savant

§ Phase 2 (2003~2010): Intelligent Product

• Active Tag

• Environment Awareness

• Intelligent Agent

4 Standardization

38

EPC

§ EPC (Electronic Product Code) is a standardized naming convention

(Source: Auto-ID Center)

4 Standardization

39

u-ID Center

Ubiquitous ID Center

§ YRP Ubiquitous Networking Labs

• Ken Sakamura, University of Tokyo

• More than 200 Organizations

• Submit ISO Standard

§ Major R&D Area:• Ucode, TRON Engine, eTRON Security

• Metacode

• 128bit (expand to 256, 512 bits)

• Japan Standardization & submission of ISO Standard (2.45GHz)

§ Application Area:• Handphone, PDA, and other terminals

• Home network equipments

4 Standardization

40

u-ID Center

ucode architectureucode architecture

4 Standardization

41

Current Issues

Standards

§ Lack of worldwide standards

§ Country specific frequency allocation

Market

§ Vendors are very fragmented

§ Collaboration between value chain partners

Technology

§ Accuracy issues (anti-collision problem)

§ Tag and data overload (traffic)

§ Water and metal

People

§ Afraid to change work habits

§ Privacy issues

5 Summary

42

Thank you