rilABA nEPBAH

PY,CCKMI ,ll.EPEBEHCKMI )KEHIU;HHA H CEMLB

fnaBa rrepBWI

P~!CCKMI ,ll;EPEBEHCKMI iKEim:n;HHA H CEMbR

"CeMbSI - eemtKOe B M8flOM.

ManaR KpOBLr1HKa H8POA8, M9flb"'8HW8R Kn9TO"'K8 COLtLr1yMa, C9MbSI B

ro >Ke epeMR, e AYXOBHO..;.HpaecreeHHOM Lr13MepeHLr1Lr1,- yH~tteepcanbHa"44 •

35

CEMh.51 - O,li,HO H3 Ba)I(Heiinmx ,ll,n.SI qenoBeKa .SIBneHHM B nHl.IHoii H

o6~eCTBeHHOH )I(H3HH. Ilo:noMy Mhl Hal.IHeM CBOe HCCne,li,OBaHHe pycCKOH

,ll,epeBeHCKOH )l(eH~HHhl HMeHHO B CB.S13H C 3THM CaMhiM Ba)I(HhiM .SIBJieHHeM,

IIOIIhiTaeMC.SI Ha6JIIO,ll,aTh ee B pa3HhiX pon.SIX B CeMhe T.e. B pOJIH MaTepH, /

)l(eHhi, CBeKpOBH, HeBeCTKH, 6a6yiiiKH, ,li,Ol.lepH, H T.,ll,. B pyCCKOM o6~eCTBe

HCKJIIOl.IHTenhHO B ,ll,epeBeHCKHX ycJIOBH.SIX. liHhiMH CJIOBaMH, Mhl 6y,ll,eM

CTapaThCSI OTBellaTh Ha TaKHe BOI1p0Chl: KaK OHa OTHOCHTC.SI K CeMhe -

,ll,eT.SIM, My)l(y, MaTepH, cBeKpOBH, HeBecTKe, cBeKpy, H ,ll,p.? KaKHM o6pa30M

OHa BOCIIHThiBaeT CBOHX ,ll,eTe:ii? KaKHe y Hee CeMeHHhie HpaBhl ,ll,a H,ll,eanhi?

KaKoe MecTo oHa 3aHHMaeT B ceMhe? KaK OHa 6opeTc.SI rrpoTHB My)l(cKoro

rnaB~HCTBa n HecrrpaBe.n.nHBOCTH B 3TOM o6I.QeCTBe? KaKHe y Hee B3rn.SI,l1,hi o '

CeMeHHOH )I(H3HH?

,IV!.SI TOfO l.IT06hi H3YllHTh pyccKyiO ,ll,epeBeHCKyiO )l(eHIQHHY B ponH MaTeprr

Mhl Bbi6panH CJie,ll,yiOIQHe ee o6pa3hl H3 IIpOH3Be,ll,eHHH HaiiiHX aBTOpOB:

AHHa («JlocJZeoHuu cpoK»), ,[(apMI, HacTaCh.SI, KaTepHHa, KnaBKa

CTpHryHoBa {«IlpoUJaHue c Mamepou»), MHJieHTheBHa («/{epeeJlHHble

KoHu»), HacTaCh.SI BepcTaKoBa («Jlepee(J.Jl»), ToH.SI 3opHHa («BocnumaHue

no ooKmopy CnoKY»), MoKpH,ll,a («Cmapooy6»), MaTh AKHMa («l(apb­

pbz6a»), MHxa:iiJIOBHa («BecHa»), O<l>HMh.SI («MamepuHcKoe cepOtJe»),

Ilenare.SI («JleJZazeR»), MaTh paccK3l.IHKa (« YpoKu ¢paHtJY3CKozo»).

44 CeMb.ll, Hapo.u, snacTb http://www. voskres.rulkolonkalloshchits6.htm (09-11-07)

36

Y )J.apbM, HacTaCbM, AHHbi, OQ>MMbM, MMneHTbeBHbi, MMxaMnoBHbi

CeMeMHrui )l(M3Hb 6brna ITOJIHa rop.SI OT CMepTeM B3pOCJibiX ,l(eTeM. KaK MaTh

AHHa («llocneiJnuu cpoK») HaxO.l(HTC.SI B caoeo6pa3HOM nono)l(eHMM. AHHa

CIIOJIHa BbiiTOJIHMJia CBOM MaTepMHCKMM .l(OJir: BOCllMTana M BblpaCTMJia

.l(eTeM CKB03b crpalllHbie BOeHHble fO,l(bl, cnacana MX OT fOJIO,l(OBOK M

6one3HeH. Y Hee 6niJIO MHOfO .l(eTeH, M3 KOTOpbiX y Hee B )l(MBbiX OCTaJIOCb

TOJibKO miTepo. 3Hat.IMT, MHOfO pa3 eM npMXO.l(HJIOCb ITJiaKaTb Ha.l( TeM, KTO

He Bbi)l(MJI. HanepeKop aceMy 3TOMY oHa oqeHb .rt:OBOJibHa caoeM )l(M3HhiO,

KoToprui y Hee 6hma «iJo6pou, nocnyumou, yiJattnou. YiJattnou, KaK nu y

K020», ITOTOMY l.JTO BCIO ee T.e. CBOIO )l(M3Hb OHa OT,l(ana CBOMM ,l(eT.SIM,

MCTpaTMJia Ha HMX CBOM JIYl.JlllMe CMJibl. AHHa 60Jibllle BCero nepe)l(MBaeT

CBOIO HeCITOC06HOCTb B llOCJie,n;Hee. BpeM.SI. BCTaBaTb C ITOCTeJIH M3-3a

CTapOCTM: CbiHY M ero ceMbe OHa CTana «o6y30U». ITo ee B3fJI.SI.l(aM CTapbiM

qeJIOBeK npeiT.SITCTByeT HOpMaJibHOMY XO.l(y pa3BHTH.SI H 6biTOBaHM.SI CeMbM,

noJTOMY oHa cTapaeTc.SI <me iJoca::»CiJamb» ceMhe CbiHa «ceoeu

cmapocmb10»45 . Ha OCHOBe ceMeHHbiX OTHOilleH:aM .l(pyrMx K ce6e AHHa

,n;yMaeT TaK. )J.pyrMe ,l(eTM )l(MBYT ,l(aJieKO OT Hee M He XOT.SIT npMH.SITb ee K

ce6e. Il03TOMY CTapyxe )l(MTb ,l(aJibllle CTaJIO TOillHO. K HeM npMeXanM M3

pa3HbiX ropO.l(OB M CeJI ee B3pOCJibie ,l(eTM, .l(JI.SI TOfO l.JT06bi npOCTMTbC.SI C

HeM B ee cMepTeJibHbiM qac. BceMM BJia,l(eeT o6w;ee qyBCTBO noTepM, M

l.JYBCTBO ,l(OJira, BbiiTOJIHMTb KOTOpbiH OHM co6panMCb cnyCT.SI MHOfO neT

OTOpBaB OT CBOMX llOBCe.n;HeBHbiX pa60T M 3a60T H llpMBbil.JeK. 3a

BpeMeHHOe 803pO::»C0eHUe MaTepH:, KOr.n;a OHa llOBM.l(ana HX y ce6.SI, OHM

Oll.S!Tb o6peTaiOT CBOM XapaKTepbi, nocrynaiOT ITO CBOMM npMBbll.JKaM KaK

ManeHbKMe .l(eTM Boo6w;e: HCl.Je3JIO l.JYBCTBO llOTepM MaTepH, M OHM TOTl.JaC

)l(e 3a6bmM o .n;onre, on.SITb nepecnacTMJIMCb HX crpacTM; OHM cnop.SIT M

45 B. Pacnynm. noseCTH. M., «llpocsew.eHHe», 1990r. CTp. 9.

37

ccop.siTC.si Me)K.ny co6oil. AHHa TeM BpeMHeM cTapaeTC.si ycnoKmiBaTb HX,

COBeTye'f HM, qT06hi )KHJHI OHH na.l(OM, MHpHO; llO·CBOHCKM 3aMMHaeT MX

HenpM.HTHhiH pa3roBop. OHM He .nml<.narrMCh M pa3nexarrMCh. H.MeHHo 3TO )Ke

« 2ny6o1<uu ucmoputJ.eCKUU napaooKc » 46: cero.l(H.siiiiHMe .ne.siTenhHhie;

o6I.U;eCTBeHHOllone3Hbie .l(eTH H BHYKM T.e. HOBOe TIOKOneHMe .siBn.sieTC51

1-1e2amUBHblM B CBOHX llOCTYllKaX, 11e:Ja60mJlU6blM B CBOHX OTHOIIIeHH51X K r cTapiiiHM, a AHHa, cmapoe yxoMmee noKoneHMe HeceT B ce6e Bbicome

H,l(eanbi H U.eHHOCTH ceMeHCTBa H o6m;eCTBa.

Jlroc.si, .n;oqh cTapyxH, - ropo.ncKa.si )KeHID;MHa c TBep.no:H norMKOH. 0Ha Be.n;eT

ce6.si npaBMnbHO, HO XOllO.l(HO - 6e3 qyBCTBa. Y Hee eCTb C03HaHMe

npoi.U;aHIDI C YMHpaK>I.U;eH MaTepbiO, a HeT qyBCTBa .l(Onra M mo6BM K HeM.

,lJ,oqh BapBapa - .l(06pa.si, M MCKpeHHe OTHOCHTC51 K MaTepH. Ho OHa

6ecTonKoBa. Y Hee He xBaTaeT no.nnHHHOH 3a6oTnMBOCTH. Eonhiiie Bcex

AHHa mo6MT cBoro Mna.niiiYIO .noqh TaHhqopy, KOTopyro )K.l(eT oTqa.siHHo,

yTOMHTenbHO. Ho OHa COBCeM He npMexarra llOBM.l(aTbC.si C MaTepbiO Ha ee

nocne.n;HMH nyTh. CbiH MMxaMn - nMIHHU.a, rpy6M51H. O.n;HaKo, OH M ero

)KeHa Ha,n;.si 3a6oT51TC51, yxa)KHBaiOT 3a MaTepbiO. rpex TaHbqopbl MMxaHn

6epeT Ha ce651, TaK qT06bi MaTh He )K,[(aJia ee. fub.SI, BTOpOH CbiH, - MHOfO

e3,l(Mn ITO CBeTy, HO OCTanC.SI 6e3 OllbiTa 6e3 yMa. Y Hero He XBaTaeT

xapaKTepa. OH «6e:JJlUK». OH OTHOCMTC.SI K MaTepM Heonpe.neneHHo: oH 3a

Tonno:H, noTep.s~n cBoe «R». ABTOp noKa3arr, qTo B KIDK,IJ;OM M3 .neTe:H AHHhi

COXpaHMllOCb qTO-TO OT ee xapaKTepa, HO llO.SIBMllMCb M KaKMe-TO HOBbie, eM

HeH3BeCTHbie, qepTbi: MenKOrpaBqaTOCTb, 3f0M3M, CKnOHHOCTb K

Mem;aHCTBY, nollillOCTh. PacnynfH ocy)K.naeT 3TOT "HOBhi:H" rpy3, qy)K.l(hiH

M.l(eonorMM pyCCKOH .n;epeBeHCKOH )l(eHID;MHbl. 3a TO, qTo .l(Oqb He npMexarra,

46 B. Pacnynm. CoseTCKHe TIHCaTeJm: c-rpaHHI.U>I TBop'leCTBa. M., «PyccKHn Sl3biK», 1988r. C-rp 10.

38

YMHpaiOI.I.J;a}l MaTb cqJuaeT ce6}! BHHOBaTOH. XOT}l eif 60JibHO, HO OHa He

cep.n:HTC}l Ha oTCYTCTBHe ,noqepH. Hao6opoT, oHa cTapaeTC}l HaRTH npHqHHY

Ha 3TO y ce6}!. 3TO y Hee He KaKOH-TO rrpHHIJ;Hil, a rrpOCTa}l Hazypa,

KOTOPYJO TaK ou;eHHBaeT KPHTHK KoTeHKo:

«AHHa - He CBO,U ,no6po,neTeJieif, 3TO - xapaKTep BbiJieiTJieHHbiH

rrpHpO,UOH, c<PopMHpOBaHHbiH · BeKOBeqHbJMH HapO,D;HbiMH

Tpa.IJ.HIJ;H}IMH H rrpe.l(CTaBJieHIDIMH 0 MOpaJIH H HpaBCTBeHHOCTH, 0 47

TOM, qTo XOpOIIIO H qTO TIJIOXO»

B xapaKTepe AHHbi H3o6pa)l(aeTC}l pe.n.Koe KaqecTBO CHHCXO.IJ.HTeJinHOCTH H

caMoou;eHKH.

Y ,[(apbH O.IJ.HH CbiH TiaJI )l(epTBOH B 6010, eme O,lJ.HH CbiH IlOrH6 Ha 9 necorrosane, cTapiiia}l .n.oqb yMepna rrpH BTOpniX y)l(e po.n.ax. O.n.HaKo, B

CeMeHCTBe, KaK H B 06I.I.J;eCTBe ,[(apb}l HMeeT BJIH}IHHe H TIOJin3yeTC}l

asTopHTeTOM .n.a)l(e B 90 neT, }IBJIHeTcH xo3HHKOH. Ee .n.eTH H BHYKH

yBa)J(aJOT ee, qTyT, OTHOCHTCH K HeM C ysa)l(eHHeM, IlOKOpHOCTbiO, 30BYT ee

K ce6e, roTOBbi scer.n.a yxa)I(HBaTn 3a Hero. B ceMne, TaK )J(e KaK B .n:epesHe,

OHa 3aHHMaeT rroqeTHOe MeCTO. 3a TaKYJO rroqenzyro TI03HIJ;HIO B ceMeHCTBe

H o6mecTBe B. PacnyTHH npo Hee rosopHT, qTo He BCHKOMY «yoaemcll 1w

cmapocmu maKClJl cyob6a» 48•

,[(apbH ,no6pa}l HO C1p0fa}l ITO HpaBaM MaTn; OHa BOCTIHTblBaJia CBOHX ,neTeM

cosecThiO, HayqHna HX OTJIH:qaTh xopornee oT nnoxoro, .n.eH:cTBOBaTb

cosecTbiO, rrpHnHqHo rroczynaTh, .n.enaTb .n.o6po H no.n.aBJIHTh 3JIO,

3a60THTbCH 0 CTapbiX H 3ai.I.J;HIIJ,aTb CJia6I:.IX, OTHOCHTbCH K IlpHpO.IJ.e - 3eMJie,

peKe, 03epy, K 6biTY H 6biTOBbiM o6oeKTaM TIOKOpHO, HepaBHO.IJ.YIIIHO. 0Ha

CaMa cBe)l(eH CBHTOIO naMHTbiO COXpaHHeT CeMeHHYJO CBH3b CO CTapbiMH H

47 B. Pacnynm. ¥136paHHble npo~:me.neHIDI s 2-x TOMax. T.l. CTp. 10. 48 B. Pacll)'THH. )l{HHBH H nOMHH. M., «3KCMO», 2002r., CTp. 245.

39

HOBbiM llOKOJieH11.SIMH, H3,D;aBWI H pacnpOC1paiDI.SI H3BeCT~/zyro CeMeHH)'IO

Moparrb 6orrbllie H ,n;arrbwe. ,l(apb.SI cqwTaeT ce6.SI OTBeTCTBeHHOH nepe,n;

6y,n;yi.JJ.HM llOKOJieHHeM 3a OCKy,n;eHHe HpaBCTBeHHOCTH, 3a BC.SIKOe

Hexopornee, qTo nepexo,n;HT OT ceMbH H o6mecTBa K HeMy.

Y HacTaCbH, TaK )l(e KaK y ,l(apbH, )l(H3Hb 6bma T.SI)l(errru~: B neT _____.....

CTapOCTH y HHX C My)l(eM He OCTaJIOCb ,n;eTeH H OCTaJIHCb OHH C M)')l(eM

COBCeM O)l.HH: «CuoeJZU 8080e.M - 8CJl Ce.MbJl»: ee ,ll;Ba CbiHa llOrH6JIH Ha

q,poHTe, TPeTHH yToHyrr, npoBarrHBIIIHCb c 1paKTopoM no,n; rre.n;, ,n;oqb

yMeprra B ropo,n;e OT paKa. TaK y Hee HeBbiHOCHMOe rope: Bee ee ,n;eTH

norH6JIH B3pOCJibiMH. T.SI)l(eJia.SI CKOp6b, OT TaKOH ropbKOH cy,n;b6bi, TaK

no,n;eHCTBOBarra Ha Hee, qTo OHa CTaJia ,ll;O KaKOH-TO CTeneHH HeHOpMaiibHbiM

B CBOHX nocTynKax qerroBeKoM. XoT.SI aBTOp pHcyeT nopTPeT HacTaCbH He

6e3 OTieHKOB IOMOpHCTHqecKHX KpaCOK, HO ,D;JI.SI Hac He TPY,ll;HO llOIDITb ee

neqaJibHOe llOJIO)l(eHHe: OHO XapaKTepHO BCeM JIIO,lJ;.SIM B CTapOM B03pacTe,

CTpa,n;aiOIII;HM ropeM OT rH6errH B3pOCJibiX ,n;eTeH. 3TO ee T.SI)l(eJIOe

MbiTapCTBO, KOTOpOe HCKaJieqHJIQ ee yqHTbiBaeT Ja CBHXH)'TOCTb 3TOrO «80

8Ce.M opyzo.M HOp.MClllbH020, 30pa6020 l{.eJl06eKa» 49

• rH6eJib llO,ll;p.SI,L( BCeX

,n;eTeH HayqHrra ee 6ecnOKOHCTBy, HeHJBeCTHOMy H CTpaHHOMY Hcnyry, K

KOTOpOMY OHa eme He npHBbiKJia. Ka)l(,lJ;biH ,n;eHb OHa MHOrO pa3

BCITOMHHaeT norH6IllHX ,n;eTe:H. IIo3ToMy, no HaiiieMy y6e)l(,n;eHHIO, Bee

HeHOpMaJibHOe B ee llOBe,n;eHHH 6epeT Haqarro B 3THX )l(YTKHX CMepT.SIX

B3pOCJibiX ,n;eTeH.

,l(apb.SI H HacTacb.SI o6e )l(HBYT co CBOHM T.SI)l(eJibiM ropeM. Ho

6erroBcKWI repoHH.SI, Mwxa:HrroBBa («BecHa») YMHpaeT Ja Be,n;erriO, nocrre

Toro KaK norryqHrra TpeTbiO noxopoHH)'IO TerrerpaMMy. TaK )l(eCTOKO

49 TaM )l{e, CTJJ. 217.

9 l

40

HCKaJieqHJia ee BORHa, KOTOpa.SI nporJIOTHJia ee T})eX CbiHOBbeR. OHM c

My)l(eM oqeHb )l(,LlaJIH ocTaBIIIeroc.SI B )l(liBbiX caMoro ,nopororo Mrra,n:IIIero

cbiHa. O<l>HMb.SI (« MamepuHcKoe cepiJqe») TaK)l(e po,nMJia MHoro ,neTeR, HO

cTapiiiMX BORHa "c'be!la ": B o,nHoM ro,ny, KaK MHxaH:rroBHa, TPM noxopoHKH

rrorryqHrra, H MY)!( Haxo,nMJIC.SI B rrneHy y Bpara, a ,n:pyrMe yMeprrH OT xorro,n:a

(«KaKOU XOJlOOUHa 6blllf»); TaK OHa OCTaJiaCb O,LlHa Ha JieT CTapOCTM -

yMMpaTh Kpyrrrbie cyTKM.

KaK MaTh, MMrreHTbeBHa («/{epeeJZHHbZe KOHU») TO)l(e 6hma oqeHb ./'

,n:o6poR, HO CTJ)OfOR KaK ,[(apb.SI, XOpOIIIeR noyqHTeJibHOR ,neT.SIM pyccKOR

,n:epeBeHcKOR )l(eHIUHHOR. H no xapaKTepy oHa TaK )l(e CTJ)Oro

Tpe6oBaTeJibHa. Y Hee TO)l(e YMMPaJIM ,neTM, KTO B IOHOCTH, TO KTO

B3pocrrbiM Ha <)_)poHTe. T.SI)l(erroe rope y Hee ocTanoch oco6eHHo oT CaHH,

,noqepH C H3YMHTeJibHOR KpaCOTOR, KOTOpyiO no ,nopore KaKOR-TO no,n;neu;,

«ObJl60ll» noXMTHJI H noraHHJI ee .LlYIIIY- «o6pJOXQfflUJl»50• 0Ha He nocMeJia

nOKa3aTbC..SI Ha fJia3aX MaTepH, KOTOpa.SI npe.nynpe,LlMJia ee, «OCmpaCmK)l» -

,nana. CaHbKa He 6hma B cMrrax npMHeCTM «IJecmb oeeutJbJO» ,noMOR, TaK M

caMa He npHIIIrra ,noMoR: noKoHqHrra )l(M3Hb caMoy6MRCTBOM. O,n:HaKo,

HeJib3.SI o6BHHMTb MMrreHTbeBHY 3a qpe3BbJqaRHbiR IIIar, KOTopbiR c,nerrana

ee ,noqb, TyT u;errb y Hee 6biJia, qTo6bi ,noqb He o6MaHyJIM, He

3rroynoTpe6rr.SirrH; qTo6hi ,noqb He 3a6rry,nMrracb, He c6Mrracb c nyTH, qto

cqMTaeTC.SI ,LlOJlfOM MaTepH no OTHOIIIeHIDO K CBOeR ,noqepM.

KaTepMHa, coce,nKa ,[(apbH, He BbiTIOJIH.SIJia TaKOR )l(e ,norrr M no3TOMY oHa

oum6rracb. Tor,na KaK ,[(apb.SI Ha 6Jia)l(HOM MecTe 6rraro,nap.SI CBOHM ,n:eT.SIM,

KaTepHHa cTpa,naeT MMeHHO M3-3a cBoero CbiHa. XoT.SI oHa ,no6po,nyiiiHa.SI

CTapa;;r KpeCTb.SIHKa, HO B ,L:(eJie BOCnMTaHM.SI y Hee 6biJIM He,L:(OCTaTKM 1i

50 <I>. A6paMos. ,n:epes.RHHhie KOHli. M., «CospeMeHHHK», l978r. Crp. 28.

41

nponyrn;eHH.SI. 0Ha CMorpena MHMO 3JIO.l.(e.SIHHH., rpy60CTH, H HenpHJIHqHhiX

nocTynKoB csoero ChiHa. 0Ha po,nHJia ero BHe 6paKa. 0Ha HHKor.na ero He

yrrpeKana 3a llianocTH HJIH rpy6ocTH, He HaKa3hiBana ero 3a ocnyrnaHHe

HpascTBeHHoro npasHna, 3a HapyrneHne rrpnnnqH.SJ:, AsTop noKa3hiBaeT, qTo

OHa He BhlllOJIH.SIJia CBOH o6.H3aHHOCTH KaK MaTh, He 3HaJia CTpOrO H

ceph~hHO OTHOCHThC.SI K HeMy, He rpe6osana OT Hero 06'b.HCHeHHH K ero

o6H,Z:I;aM K coce,naM, ,neT.SIM H cTapnKaM, He ynpeKana ero 3a .nypHhie

nocTyrr~H, HerrerrocTh. OH 3a:>Ker po,nHyiO H36y, qTo «c .Ma.JlblX Rem 6bzllo ee

oo.MO.M». KaK xoporna.SI coce,nKa, ,ll,aph.SI coqyscTsyeT KaTepHHe, HO

O.l.(HOBpeMeHHO CTporo cy.l.(HT ee 3a ChiHa, 3a TO qTo OHa HCIIOpTHJia ero, qTo

oHa caMa BHHOBaTa 3a ero ypo,nrrHBhiH xapaKTep:

«BCIOIO )I(HCTh Thl TaK. Bc1010 :>KHCTh no6na:>KKH ,nasana, HCITOBa.l.(HJia ,noHeJih3.H. TaK Te6e TerrepH H Ha,no ... OH )I(HByiO H36y cnanHn, OH H Te6.H :>KHBheM B 3eMJIIO 3apOeT. He B 3eMJIIO,- B Bo,ny OH Te6.SI, qTo6 He xopoHHTh. A Thi :>Ke caMa 6y,nernh npocHTh, qTo6 OH Te6e KaMeHh no6one rrpHB.SI3an Ha mew ... qTo6 He scnJihiTh Te6e»51 .

KaTepHHa 3a ero cyMacxo,ncTBo, ypo,nnHsoe socnnTaHHe o6BHH.HeT ce6.SI.

,[l,apMI Ofi.SITh ynpeKaeT ee, llOTOMY qTo CaMa KaK MaTh («,!JaK fl .Mamb e.My

Wlu He .Mamb? »), KaTepHHa HH crrosa eMy He CKa3ana, a Hao6opoT,

npHHHMaeT ero BHHY Ha ce6.SI, TaK ew;e 6on:hrne H 6e3 Ha,no6HocTn

3aw;aw;aeT ero. A Kor.na OH Haqan :>Keqb H36hi .npyrnx nw.neii, oHa

3a6ecnoKonnach, qyTh He y6HsaeTc.SI c no3opa. 0Ha He xoqeT npoCTHTh ero

3a «pa6omy» OT KOTOpOH eif 60JibHO, CThl.l.(HO, CTJ)aiiiHO: «0H U Ha .MeHfl

no3op KJlaoem». BrrepBbie no6y.nnrroch a Heii co3HaHne o csoeM

.l.(OCTOHHCTBe, 0 CaMOyBa:>KeHHH: «fl 6 .MeHfl 6yoym na.Jlbtfe.M mbZKi:lmb ... »52.

0Ha 3asonHosanach, no6o.Hnach nepecy.nos, noqyscTBOBana snepBhie

51 B. Pacnynm. )I{HBH H IIOMHH. C'rp. 279. 52 TaM )l(e, CTp. 337.

42

no3opa. l1 HaKoHeu y Hee ecTh ouzyrueHHe o HenpaBoTe ChiHa, o TOM KaK

6y,n:yT ee cy,n:HTh H3-3a Hero, HarOBOp11BaTb Ha Hee, qTo .n:pyrl1e CTPa.D:aiOT

113-3a ee ChiHa, qTo r)J.e-To oHa o6H3aHa OTBeTI1Th 3a ero «pa6omy » JIIOJJ.HM.

3Ta CTaprur pyccKaH )J.epeBeHCKaH iKeHIU11Ha M11p11TCH CO CBOI1M

IIOJIOiKeH11eM cqi1TaH ero «CY0b60U»53• 0)J.HaKO B 3TOM ee CM11peHI111 OHa

,n:o6hmaeT ce6e cna6oro H TO BpeMeHHoro yTerneHI1H. Ee cep.n:ue KaK MaTepH

Bee qaiU~ 6heTCH 3a BhmpaBJieHI1e ChiHa, XOTH OH 3JIO)J.eHHI1K. 0Ha rny6oKO

iKeJiaeT B CBOI1X MOJII1TBax, qTo6 ee «6ecnymHblU» ChiH IIp11CTPOI1JICH,

Harnen 6hi pa6oTy. Tor,n:a oHa rrpHHI1Mana 6hi, «6bz cmepne.na»54 ero pyraHh.

Bee ee rroiKeJiaHIDI 3aKJIJOqaJOTCH B 6nare csoero He)J.OCTOHHoro ChiHa. Pa,n:11

ero 6nara OHa fOTOBa 3a60THTbCH 0 HeM, KaK 0 MaJihillie. 11 BOT 3.D:eCb JieiKHT

ee cna6oCTh, ee BHHa: caMOCTOHTeJihHOH TPY.D:OJII0611BOH iKI13HI1 OHa erue He

xoqeT yqi1Th ero. 3Ta ee HeHyiKHrul 11 He KCTaTI1 3a60TJII1BOCTh 0 B3pOCJIOM

ChiHe ,n:asHo yiKe HcrropT11Jia ero. 0Ha He xoqeT paccy,n:I1Th ero. B rrorrhiTKe

ynyqrni1Th ero CYJJ.h6y HeHyiKHOH 3a6oTJIHBOCThlO OHa TaK 11 eme 60Jibllie

rropT11T ero xapaKTep. CoqyscTBYH eH:, asTop 3a)J.aeTcH 113BeCTHhiM

BOIIpOCOM rrpo TaKI1X pO)J.I1Teneif, KOTOphi'e 11CIIhiThiBaiOT THfOCTI1 11

3aTpy~(HeH11.SI, IIpOXO.D:HT CKB03h CThi)J.JIHBbie MyqeHI1.SI 113-3a IIOCTYIIKOB

CBOHX He,n:OCTOHHhiX ,n:eTeH: noqeMy y IIYTHhiX JIIO)J.eH pO)J.HTCH 6ecnyTHh1~ v

,n:eTH?55

.

1CaTep11Ha - CTapaH MaTh, KOTOpa.SI He MOiKeT ynpeKaTh B3pOCJIOfO

chma. Ho KnasKa CTPI1ryHoBa, ee coce,n:Ka, MOJio)J.oro Bo3pacTa iKeHIU11Ha,

KOTOpyiO HeJih3H Ha3BaTb MaTepblO B eCTeCTBeHHOM T.e. ryMaHI1TapHOM

cMhiCJie cnoBa. KnasKa - >KecToKa.SI pyccKaH JJ.epeBeHCKa.SI iKeHIUMHa,

53 TaM )!(e, CTJ>. 338. 54 TaM )!(e, CTJ>. 339. 55 TaM )!(e, CTJ>. 253.

43

KOTOprui He 3HaeT llOJ.I.J;a,ZI;bl ,ZI;eTHM. K CBOHM pO,ZI;HbiM MaJieHbKHM ,ZI;eTHM ORa

OTHOCHTCH HeJ.I.J;a,ZI;HO, H HaBepHOe, ee ,n;eTHM Jlytiille 6biJIO 6bi «C MatteXOU

:JICUmb»56• KnaBKa qacTo 6heT cBoHx nerroBHHHbiX ,n;eTeii, H HHor,n;a ,n;a)l(e ae

,n;aeT HM IIOeCTb, KOf,ZI;a OHH fOJIO,ZI;Hbl.

EenoBCKaH ToHH 3opHHa («BocnumaHue no ooKmopy Cno'K}'») TO)I(e He

Jiytiiiie KJiaBKH: OHa )l(eCTOKO OTHOCHTCH K ,n;oqepH, «MaJZeHbKOMY

6e33QUjUmHOMY cyUjecmBy», llJiatJ: KOTOpOH OCTaeTCH e10 He YCJibiiiiaHHbiM,

He 3a60THTC.H 0 HeM, He ,n;aeT e:H BCT_PeqaTb OTI.J;a. TOH.H OXOTHO )l(epTByeT

6narOIIOJiyqHeM ,n;oqepH «paou CBOe20 oypalJK020 Ca.MoymeepXOeHWl»57.

HacTachH BepcTaKoBa («IlepeeaJZ») TaK )l(e ,n;pyra.a pyccKa.a ,n;epeBeHcKa.a

)l(eHJ.I.J;HHa, KOTOprui 6ecrroru;a,n;Ha He TOJibKO KaK Maqexa, HO H KaK MaTh OHa

xy)l(e MaqexH. BepcTaKoBa qacTo rrepe6paHHBaeTc.a c rrachiHKOM, KOTopbiH

eru;e HBJIHeTCH MaJibqHKOM. C HHM OHa qaCTO BXO,ZI;HT B rreperrarrKy, ,n;paKy.

0Ha He )l(aJieeT ero MaJIOJieTCTBa: BeqepaMH OTllYCKaeT ero TO Ha peKy TO B

nee. 3a Menoqb oHa rro,n;HHMaeT cKaH,n;arr, qTo6bi rrpHBJieqb ero B ,n;paKy.

BnyTpH HacT~ «Bee Kunum», rrorpyraTbCH e:H: Heo6xo,n;HMO c KeM yro,n;no,

JIHlllb Obi «omeecmu oyzuy»58.

B ,n;e:H:cTBHTeJibHOCTH ccopHTbc.a, rrepe6paHHBaTbCH cTarra y . Hee

rrpHBb;[qKoii. CrroKOHCTBO B ,ZI;OMe BHe ee TeprrHMOCTH: e:H xoqeTC.H, qTo6bi

rraCbiHOK Orpb13aJIC.H, 6paHHJI ee, Ha3BaHH.HMH Ha3biBaJI, qT06bi B ,ZI;OMe 6biJI

ruyM, rpoM, TapapaM. Ha OCHOBe 3TOfO OHa I1pHqHTaHHeM llJiaqeT, pyraHbiO

KJIHHeT BCeX B ceMbe H COCe,ZI;CTBe. 0Ha He OCTaHOBJIHBaeTC.H IIOKa He

OXBaTHT ee ycTaJIOCTb, H TOJibKO TOf,ZI;a HaCTYIIHT He,ZI;OJifOBpeMeHHOe

3aTHIIIhe. ,lJ;eJIO B TOM, qTo eif COBCeM He HpaBHTC.H rraCbiHOK. KOMMeHTHpy.»

56 T aM )l(e, crp. 282. 57 T aM )l(e, crp. 287. 58 B. AcTa<j>beB. nepeaan. Kpa)l(a. M., «AeTCKaJI JIHTeparypa», l988r. Crp. 10.

44

npo ee XapaKTep aBTOp COBeryeT TaKHM JIIO,Z:VIM He o6paTHTb BHHMaHIDI Ha

,n:eTCK)'IO BbiXO,n:Ky. Ho Hacn1 KposHo ocKop6IDieTc.SI, BH3)1(HT, TonaeT

HoraMH59. CMe.SITbC.SI, pa,n:osaTbC.SI .rieT.SIM ,l].a ,n:eTCKHM Wa.JIOCT.SIM He ee Hpas.

B TaKoM )l(e .u.yxe c 3JIOHaMepeHHeM oHa qacTo )l(a.JiyeTc.SI Ha Hero OTUY • 60

«MeUlaR npaBoy c 6blOYMKOU» .

0Ha xoqeT, qTo6bl oTe:u 6HJI nacbiHKa. Ha 3TO oHa nnaHHpyeT B .u.yxe

3JIO,n:e:H:KH, pa6oTaeT c MeCTbiO KaK 3JIIOKa. A B npownoM OHa He 6bma

TaKoso:H:: paHbWe oHa 6bma coqyscTBHTeJibHa :H .u.o6pa. B cypoBbiM

rOJIO)J.HbiH ro.u., KOr,n:a JIIO)J.HM He XBaTaJIO XJie6a OHa C naCbiHKOM )I(HJia

«opy;)ICHO». Ho, ceifqac oHa H3Mei:mnacb: co CBOHM «npwzuntJU6bZM u auKUM

Hpa60M»61 OHa «Ca.MaJl JllOmaJl HQ pyzaHb», COBCeM ,n:pyrax )l(eHIIJ;HHa.

MbiCmUI Ha)J. H3MeHeHHeM ee xapaKTepa aBTOp YKa3biBaeT Ha ee «OUlU6Ky»,

Ha He)J;OCTOMHhiM llOC'fYIIOK, qTo BbiHBJI.SieT O'I'pH:QaTeJibHOe B ee xapaKTepe: ~ . v ~ ~

«HenpaBWZbHO pacnopRuwzacb cBoeu MOJZOuocmb10» •

Il03TOMY He CTpaHHO ecJIH HHOr)J.a OHa )1.06peeT IIO npe)I(HeMy. B 3TOM

CMbicne y Hee 3TO He 3ara,n:oqHbiii xapaKTep, a rHeB oT caMOC03HaHHH csoeif

HenpasoTbi, pacKaHHHe .u.nx qero He nonyqaeTcx. Kor.u.a ecTb y Hee CHJihHoe

BOCITOMHHaHHe 0 CBOeM ITOCTYITKe, OHa )J.HqaeT, a TO B .u.pyroif MOMeHT OHa

,n:o6peeT. Bce-TaKH ee .U.06poTa K naCbiHKY He KCTaTH. Ilo3TOMY )1.06poTa He

ee xapaKTepy npHcymee KaqecTso: oHa He yMeeT ,n:o6peTb .u.a)l(e K po,n:HoMy

MaJibiiDy.

Oco6eHHO ,n:HqaeT HacTaCbH, Kor.u.a ee MaJibiW Tep3aeT eif BOJIOCbi. B TaKOM

MOMeHT OHa Be)J.eT ce6x He KaK MaTb, a Xy)l(e MaqexH. HacTaCbH TaKaH MaTb,

59 TaM )l(e, CTJ'. 13. 60 4 TaM )l(e, CTJ'. 13, I . 61

TaM )l(e, CTJ'. 10. 62 TaM )l(e, CTJ'. 32. ·

45

KOTOprui He MO)I(eT TepneTb MaJJeHhKHe Hrpbl, He)I(Hble illaJJOCTH pO,D;HOfO

pe6eHKa. Tipe,n;nonaraeTc.H, qTo MaTh aoo6:w;e pa.zzyeTc.H nepBhiM HrpaM

Maiihiiiia. A HacTach.H o)KecToqaeTc.H. 0Ha IIIJienaeT po,n;Horo ChiHa «MoKpoii

pyKoii» no roJihiM .Hro,n;m~aM. Pa3yMeeTc.H, MaJJhim 3axo,n;HTC.H oT rmaqa,

O,n;HaKo B rono,n;HhiH ro,n; oHa 6hma coaceM ,n;pyrHM qeJioBeKoM. Tor,n;a oHa

nepe)KHBana crpamHoe noJio)l(eHHe OT He,n;ocTaqH MOJioKa H XJie6a. B 3TO

BpeM.H OHa HaMHOfO CTpa,n;ana H noxy,n;eJia CHJibHO. )l{HTh CTaJJO oqeHh

Tpy,n;HO, HO OHa )KHJia pa,n;H HOBOpO)K,ZJ;eHHOfO. Tor,n;a OHa BC.HqecKH

CTapanaCh llOHTh pe6eHKa, HO B ee rpy,n;.HX He XBaTaJJO MOJIOKa. ~ TOfO,

l:IT06hi HaKOIIHTb MOJIOKa B rpy,D;.HX OHa IIHJia BO,ZJ;y. Ho CeHqac IIOTep.HJiaCh

,n;o6pOCOBeCTJIHBOCTh :noH MaTepH, TaK KaK ,n;o6pOCOBeCTJIHBrui MaTh He

IIIJieiiaJia 6hi Maiihiiiia. J13HOCHTC.H MaTepHHCTBO 3TOH pyCCKOH ,n;epeBeHCKOH

)l(eHIIJ;HHhi. K pO,D;HOMY ChiHY TOiKe OHa OTHOCHTC.H KaK Maqexa, a He KaK v

MaTh.

B 3TOM )Ke pg,n;y KaK Matiexa acTa4JheBcKrui repoHHH · MoKpH,n;a v

(«Cmapooy6») - pe,n;Ko )KeCTOKa.H pyccKa.H ,n;epeaeHCKrui )KeHIIJ;HHa. l13-3a

caoero BJIH.HHH.H cpe,n;w mo,n;eii oHa notiHTaeTc.H KaK «Mamb MoKpuoa». K

CO)I(aJJeHHIO, OHa ITOCTynaeT B ,n;yxe COBCeM npOTHBOITOJIO)I(HOM o6pa3y

MaTepH. 0Ha He 3HaeT ,n;o6pOThl JIIO,n;.HM; OHa cyeaepHa, Heru;a,n;Ha B

HCITOJIHeHHH «ycmoeB»; B ee XapaKTepe He XBaTaeT HH O,ZJ;HOfO KaqeCTBa v

xopoiiieii )l(eHru;HHhi. 06:w;ecTBo B KOTopoM )KHBeT MoKpH,n;a TaK )Ke

.HBJI.HeTC.H ,ZJ;OBOJihHO OTCTaJlhiM H cyeaepHhiM, ,n;arreKO OT ~HBHJIH3a~HH,

ll03TOMY OHa 6e3 BC.HKHX COllpOTHBJieHHH B3fJiaBJI.HeT 3THM Hapo,n;OM. 0Ha

He )l(aJieJia MaiieHhKOfO llpHeMhiiiia, KOToporo, O)KH,ZJ;aJIOCh, qTo OHa

,ZJ;OJI)KHa «o6opOHUmb». ,[(erro B TOM, liTO y Hee oqeHh CHJihHOe )KeJiaHHe

C,ZJ;eJiaTh pO,D;HOfO ChiHa ycTaBIIJ;HKOM, TaKHM «ttm06bl 8 K)lllaK · 3G;)ICC1Jl

46

OdflOCeJZbllQH», H60, ITO ee MHeHJHO, B HX ,nymax «nOd2HWlU ycmou U Bepa

dpeeJZeomel.leCKaJl, npaeocJZaBHaJl eepa» 63• 3a crraceHHe OT 6orre3HH,

KOTOprui CBaJIHJiaCh Ha CKOT H BhiTeCHHJia KOHeH, KOpOB, OBeU H3 ,ABOpa,

cTapoBepaM ,n;yMaeTcH, qTo HY)I(HO ycTpOHTh )l(epTBorrpHHomeHHe, TaK KaK

«zoJZou MOJZumeou He y6JZa:JICUWb»64• MoKpM.n;a pemHrra npHeMhima nocrraTh

Ha OrOHh KaK )l(epTBOI1pHHOilieHHe, TaK KaK y «muma 6e3pOdH020» ,n;yma

6hiJia « C6JlmaJl HeOnJlmHQHHaJl» 65•

B 3TOM aKTe rrpoHBJIHeTCH KaK )I(YTh H )l(eCTOKOCTh 3TOH pyccKoH

,n;epeBe:HCKOH )J(eHIIJ;HHhi, TaK )J(e HeiiJ;a,D;HOCTb cyeBepHH H CTapoBepCKHX

o6pH,AOB. 0Ha He )l(eHCKrui HaTypa. bhiTh MaTephiO OHa HHKOr,n;a He yMeeT. /

I.IJ:a,n;HTb qeJIOBeKa He ee .n;erro. B HeM )I<HBeT caM ,ll;bHBOJI, ITOTOMY qTO /

TOJihKo oH, ,n;MIBOJI, He 3HaeT rroma,n;hi, .n;o6poTbi. OT )l(eHIUHHhi O)I(H,AaiOT BO

BCHKOM crryqae - )I(H3HH H CMepTH - OHa H36HpaeT )I(H3Hh, 6rraro ,n;pyroro

qeJIOBeKa. flpHHHTO, qTo )l(eHIIJ;HHa KaK MaTh HBJIHeTCH OJIHUeTBOpeHHeM

.n;o6poTbi. B 3TOM o6pa3e y AcTa<JlbeBa .n;o6hiJICH HaKan )l(eHcKoif

HeiiJ;a,AHOCTH B KaqeCTBe MaqexH. TaK, MO)I(HO BbiBeCTH, qTo 6HThe ,n;eTeH

5IBJIHeTCH Hepe,D;KHM HBJieHHeM, CeMeHHhiM rropOKOM pyCCKOrO o6IIJ;eCTBa.

O,n;HaKo rrepe.n; HaMH Terreph ecTh o6pa3 oqeHh ecmecmeeHHou MaTepH,

KOTOpbiM pe3KO npoTHBopeqaeT o6pa3aM KnaBKH CTPHryHOBOH, HacTachH

BepcTaKoBoH:, ToHH 3opHHOH, MoKpH,Ahi. 3To MaTh AKHMa («I{apb-pbz6a»). /

Mamb AKUMa BO MHoroM HBJIHeTcH HCKJIIOqHTeJibHhiM B pyccKoH:

JIHTepaType o6pa30M MaTepM. AcTa<JlheB He HMeHyeT 3TY CBOIO repOHHIO: OH

rrpOH3BO,ll;HT ee KaK Mamb. BepHO B 3TOM . y aB-r:opa eCTh HBHrui

63 B.AcTaQ>beB. noaecnt 0 MO~M COBpeMeHHHKe. C1'p. 11. 64 TaM )!(e, CTJ>. 12. 65 T aM )!(e, CTJ>. 12.

47

xy,n:o)l(eCTBeHIIrui u;enh: oH o6oco6mrer 3TY pyccKyro .n;epeBeHCKYJO

)l(eH.IIJ;HHY KaK MaTh: «Mamb AKUMQ, Mamb oemeu ... ». v

TiyTeM 3TOrO o6pa3a Mamepu IIHC~l.TeJih C03H,LJ;aeT, )I(HBOIIHCyeT o6.r.u;eCTBO,

KOTOpoe, He3a,D;OJirO Ka3MOCb 6bi, ,n;aneKO OT COBpeMeHHOH IJ;HBHJIH3aiJ;HH, B

CBOeM H3Haqa.JJhHOM 3Tane COIJ;HaJIH3aiJ;HH IIpH KOTOpOM narpHapXanhHOCTb

llOKa e.r.u;e He H3BeCTHa H )l(eHII~HHa · He HaXO,LJ;HTC.SI B TaK Ha3biBaeMhiX

o6rn;eCTBeHHO-MOpanbHbiX OKOBaX My)l(qHHhl KaK ero C06CTBeHHOCTh: 3TO

,n;a)l(e ne MaTpHapxanhHoe o6:m;ecrBo. Tipocrora, npocro.n;yume, HeyMeHHe

.n;a HenpaKTHKa XHTpOCTH H XHTPhiX npHeMOB CBOHCTBeHHhl ell:, ee

xapaKTepy. 0Ha )I(HBeT B CaMOH 6e,LJ;HOCTH. 0Ha He 3HaeT OTJIHqaTb

xopornee or nnoxoro. Y Hee HeT HHKaKHx KophiCTHhiX HHrepecoB; HH

)l(aJI06 HH MyqeHHH HJIH CTpa,n;aHHH; OHa ,n;aneKO OT 3THX nepe)I(HBaHHH, /

llOH.SITHH. Y Hee TaK)I(e HeT HHKaKHX )l(eJiaHHH HJIH MeqTaHHH. 0Ha BCer,n;a

,LJ;OBOJibHO co6oif. 0Ha Haqana HOCHTb ,LJ;eTeH paHO. 0Ha pO)I(aJia MHOrO

,LJ;eTeH OT rrpoe3)1(HX B apTeJih pbi6aKOB: 6e,n;HOCTb H cypOBbiH CeBep He

MOrJIH OTBpaTHTb ee OT ,n;ereif: OHa npO,ll;OJI)I(aJia HOCHTb HX, K 60JiblliOMY

y,n;HBJieHHIO MeCTHbiX JIIO,LJ;eH, HH O,ll;HOrO pe6eHKa OHa CMepTH He ,n;ana:

HHKor,n;a He yMep or rono.n;a HJIH xono.n;a y Hee pe6eHoK. 0Ha oqeHb

crroco6Ha «lleZKO u Becello» JII06HTb- «pe6JlmuUteK u Bcex ;JICU8blX moiJei'w:

ee He HaAO 6biJIO 3TOMY «yttUmb»66•

0Ha JII06Be06HJibHrui )l(eH.IIJ;HHa, ,n;aneKO OT 06IIJ;HX qeJIOBeqecKHX HpaBOB

HJIH BOCIIpH.SITHH. 0Ha He pa36HpaeTC.SI B qy)I(OM HJIH CBOeM qeJIOBeKe; ,D;JI.SI ../

Hee BCe JIIO)J.H - CBOH. 0Ha Henorpe60BTeJibHR.. 3a Menoqb OHa rOTOBa

OTAaTb meApO H HCKpeHHe. TaKOB ee YMCTBeHHblH CKJiaA. 0Ha He

o6H)I(aerc.s~, Kor,n;a .n;pyrHe )l(eH:m;HHbi crapaiOTC.SI Bbi3biBaTb y Hee o6H,n;y,

66 B. AcTacpheB. Uaph-phi6a. MH., «Hapo.n;HaH acsenm, 1987r. CTp. 166.

48

noTOMY qTo OHa He 3HaeT, He noHHMaeT 06H,D;Hble CJIOBa HJIH HX o6H,D;Hblli

CMbiCJI. Bee nonbiTKH o6H,n;eTb ee OKa3aJIHCb HanpaCHO. MaTh 6nma TaiOKe

oqeHh .n;o6paj~ .n;yrna. 0Ha Ha 3KpaHe CMOTPeJia, qTo 3JIOli qenoBeK 6HJI

co6aK)'. 0Ha He Bhi,n;ep)l(ana, 3aKpHqana Ha My)l(qHH, Bbi3Bana HX Ha

. nOMOll~b H 6pOCHJiaCb OT6HTb co6aKy. 3TO BbffiBJij~eT ee HenOBHHHOCTb, P.

no aaTopy oHa «oumeM ece2oa 6blJla».

Xon1 OHa He oqeHb KpaCHB~ )l(eHIUHHa, HO B JII060M HOBOM KOCTIOMe OHa

BbirJij{)J;HT oqeHb Hapj~,Il;HOli H KpaCHBOli. J1Io6oli KOCTIOM oqeHb H,D;eT eli. Ho

oHa He 3HaeT o6 3TOM. Ha 3TO .n;omKHa 6biTb oco6~ no.n;ocHoaa: 6biTb

MO)I(eT, ·oHa HHKor.n;a He cMoTPeJia Ha ce6jl a 3epKane. BechMa MO)I(eT 6hiTb,

y Hee HeT 3epKana B ,D;OMe (eCJIH :ny «OOHOOKOHHYIO U36yuuzy, MallO tteM

omnuttalOUf-YIOCJl om 6aHU» MO)KHO TaK Ha3BaTb. K TOMY ">Ke, eme B :noli

«6Ce20a meMHOU U36ywxe» COBCeM HeJib3j~ (6biJIO) CMOTPeTb Ha ce6j~ B

3epKane, ecJIH ,D;a)l(e OHO, K oqeHb 6oJiblllOMY cqacTbiO TaKoli 6e,n;Holi

)l(eHIUHHbl KaK OHa, y Hee HMeeTCj~), Ka)I(,D;blli, KTO He 3HaJI 0 ee «ma6yHe»

MOr 6bi ITpH~Tb ee 3a lllKOJibHHQy.

He TOJibKO. ITO xapaKTepy, Ho H ITO YMY TO)Ke y Hee ecTb qTo-To oqeHh

,n;eTCKOe, ,D;eTCKaj~ HeCOBepllleHHHOCTb: OHa caMa y,n;HBJij~eTCj~ TOMy, qTo OHa

po.n;Hna pe6eHKa. Eli He aepHTCj~, qTo oHa ITpHHecna ttmo-mo :JICueoe a MHp,

BbiBeJia, C03,D;aJia OT ce6H KaKOe-TO cymecTBO, He MeHee, He HHaqe KaK

qeJIOBeKa. 0Ha CTaJia MaTepbiO, H OHa He aepHT B 3TO.

He · Ka)K,D;blli MO)I(eT O,D;06pHTb ee ITOJIOBOli )I(H3HH, HO O)l;HOBpeMeHHO

Tpy,n;HO OCY,D;HTb ee 3a pacrryTCTBO, 3a BOJibHblli XapaKTep, TaK KaK y Hee HeT

IIOHHTHli 0 rpexe, 0 MOpaJIH HacqeT nOJIOBbiX OTHOllleHHli. TIOJIOBYJO )I(H3Hb

OHa BOCITpHHHMaeT no ,n;pyroMy - B ,n;yxe IITHQ H )I(HBOTHbiX:

«ManeHI>Ko .n;enana. BeeHa, ci>IHoeeK! Bec:Ha! BeeHOM H nTHUI>I, H

3BepH, H JIIO,AH JII06gT .n;pyr ,n;py)l(ey, llOIOT, pe6eHKOB ,n;eJiaiOT»67

•

49

B eseTe :noM ee HellOBHHHOeTH, HeBe)l(eeTBa TPY.AHO oey,n;HTb ee 3a 3TH,

HeXO,ll;H H3 COU:MaJibHbiX BOellpHHTHM, 6ny.n;HI>Ie noeTyllKH, HeMOpaJibHbiM

· xapaKTep s paMKax Mopann, eon;Hani>HI>IX npe.n;enos qenoseqeeKoro

nose.n;eHHH, H6o oHa He eo3pena.

Ha 3To MoryT 6I>ITI> pa3HI>Ie rrpHqHHI>I: so-rrepBI>IX, y Hee HeT po,n;HTeJieM,

HeT eeMbH, HeT po,n;eTBeHHMKOB; BO-BTOpbiX, OHa )KHBeT Ha 6e3JIIO,ll;HOM

.n;aneKoM KpaiO CH6HpH. 3MMOM see pa6oqHe noKM.n;aiOT 3TO 6eperosoe

MecTo, noToMy qTo 3aMep3aiOT peKa H Mope. Erue pi>I6aKM noeTogHHo

MeHHIOTCH B apTeJIH Ka)I()J;yiO nyTMHY. CypoBM eH6HpeKM 3HMa 3aMe,n;ngeT

,AeHTeJibHOeTb qeJIOBeKa, H llpHpo,n;a TO)I(e 3a 3TO Bpe~ 3aMe,n;JigeT eBOIO

.n;eHTeJibHOeTb. Bee )I()J;YT BeeHy, KOr,n;a OHM MOryT HaqaTb )l(lfTb HOpMaJibHO

orrgTb. Ho OHa He IIOKH,AaeT CBOIO ,n;epeBHIO ,Aa)l(e B He)I(M3Heenoeo6HbiX

o6cTOHTeJII>CTBax, r.n;e, 3HaqHT, eM He 3a Koro BI>IMTM 3aMy)l(. E,n;HHeTBeHHI>IM

nyTI>, KOTOpbiM OHa MO)I(eT BbiiiOJIHHTb eBOM )l(eHeKHM ,ll;OJir, eBOIO pOJib KaK

MaTepH B npo.n;oJI)I(eHHH qenoseqeeKOM paci>I - 3TO seeHa. BeeHoM, nocne

,n;JIHHHOM eyposoM 3HMI>I B 3TOM qacTH PoeeHH, eHoBa HaqHHaeTCSI

qenoseqecKM .n;egTeJII>HOeTI>.

Tpy.n;Ho noHgTI> ee HHaqe. XoTg oHa He noeTasnna ee6e 3a,n;aqy HJIH ueni>

BblllOJIHHTb TaKyiO pOJib HJIH 3aHHMaTI>eH TaKHM ,n;eJIOM, HO 60Jibiiie BCero

3TH ee llOCTYllKH, llOBe,n;eHHe 06oHeHgiOTeH BeeHOM, H3MeHeHHeM KJIHMaTa

T.e. eaMoM npHpo.n;oM. 0Ha se.n;eT ee6g TaK eeTeeTBeHHO- orpa)I(M npHpo.n;y

eBOeM llOJIOBOM ,n;egTeJibHOeTI>IO: pO)I(aTb ,n;eTeM TaK qT06bi OCTasaneg

67 6 TaM )l(e, Clp. 1 9.

50

HaCJie.n;miK TIOCJie Hee. 3TO )l(e 3KOJIOrWieCKOe 06'b.HCHeHHe ee TIOJIOBOH

)l(H3HH. AaTop caM .n:erraeT ynop Ha o6o.HcHeHHe 3Toro .HBJieHH.H:

«BecHa... qTo .n:oJI)l(Ha 6biTb .n:orrroaeqHa H TaK .n:oJI)l(Ha )l(.lJ:aTbCH c

TepneHHeM, TaK KaK BC.HKOe )l(HBOe cyru;eCTBO Ha 3eMJie, .n;a H Jieca

TaK)l(e )l(HBYT C aeqHbJM O)l(H.lJ:aHHeM BeCHbl H pa.n;OCTH» 68

•

KpoMe 3TOro, norroBaH CB3.Hb .HBJI.HeTc.H 4>H3HqecKo:H: noTpe6HOCTbiO

qeJIOBeKa, 6HOJIOrWieCKHM Bbipa)l(eHHeM KJIHMaTa OKpy)l(aiOIIJ;eH cpe.n;bl.

3HMOH acer.n:a 6MaaeT nacMypHa.H noro.n:a H qenoaeK cTaHOBHTC.H

TiaCCHBHJ)IM H He oqeHJ) aKTMBHO .n;erraeT CBOH .n;eJia. 3Ta naCCHBHOCTb,

ocTaHOBJieHHe, 6HonorHqecKaH nay3a TaK )l(e Bbipa)l(aeTc.H B ero )l(M3HH. E:H:

6y.n:yT KcTaTH crroaa BaneHTHHa PacnyTHHa:

«,lVIH TOrO H TipHXO.lJ:HT B MHp qeJIOBeK, qTo6bl MMp HHKOr.n;a He

cKy.n:err 6e3 JIIO.n;e:H: H He cTaperr 6e3 .n:eTeH» 69

•

ITpOHCXO)l(.lJ:eHHe, pO)l(.lJ:eHHe, pa3BHTHe paCTeHHH, H BOCTIHTaHHe .n;eTeH KaK

CTHXHHHJ)IH npou;ecc - yHHBepCaJIJ)HOe .HBJieHHe COTBOpeHHH, HeOT.lJ:eJIHMa.H '-

qaCTb npHpO.lJ:bl.

3Ta MaTb BC.H erue npHpo.n:Ha. 0Ha ee 6ecXHTPOCTHOe npo.HBJieHMe. Ee er.ue

He KocnyJIHCb noaa.n;KH H npHBJ)JqKH qerroaeqecKoro 6biTH.H TOM 3TIOXH B

KOTopyJ() oHa )l(HBeT. AaTop TYT pHcyeT 6oJIJ)III)'IO napanneJib Me)l(.n:y

)l(eHIIJ;HHOH H npHpo.n:o:H:. OH He TOJIJ)KO cTaBHT 3TOT napanrreJIH3M, Ho 11

snorrHe onpaB.n:biBaeT ero. KaK npHpo.n:a TaK )l(e MaT}) TO)l(e .HBJI.HeTC.H

.n:o6po.n:yuiHOH, BeJIHKO.lJ:YlliHOH CBOHM .n;eT.HM. I13HYTPH OHa TaK )l(e

o6UIHpHa (.n:o6poTo:H:), 6oraTa (ni060BJ)J()) KaK npHpo.n:a. ITo3TOMY y Hero

~ . B. AcTa<PheB. KoHh c po3osoit rpHBoit (Ha aHz. Jl3b1Ke). M., «Tiporpecc», 1978r. Grp.42. (Tiepeso.n Molt.

- C.C.P.) 69 B. PacrrynlH. nosecTH. M., «TipocsemeHHe», 1990r. CTp. 117-118.

51

rrry6oKOe pa3MhiiiiJieHHe 06 oxpaHe npHpO,ll;hi, 06 OCB06o:>K,ll;eHHH )l(eH~HHhl

oT MY)I(CKHX 3rro.n;eHHHH, noToMy qTo B HaiiiH speMeHa cTpa.n;aeT H npHpo.n;a

H )l(eHill;I1Ha KaK HHKOr.n;a. 06pa3 MaTepH AKHMa HBJUieTCH O,ll;HHM H3

rryqiiiHX o6pa30B MaTepH B pyCCKOH JIHTepaType. 0Ha npe,ll;CTaBJIHeT C060H

oqeHh MO~HhiH npHMep MaTepHHCKOH ITOCBH~eHHOCTH, )l(eHCKOH JII06BH,

MaTepHHCTBa. 3TO ee KaqeCTBO, ee ,ll;OCTH)I(eHHe KaK MaTepH HecpaBHHMO

KpynHO, BeJIHKO.

Kor.n;a cocTOHHHe 3.n;opoBhH MaTepH yxy.n;IIIHJIOCh, AKHMY CTarro .n;oca.n;Ho.

XOTH OH qysCTByeT ce6H OCKOp6JieHHhiM, HO 3TO ero 6ecnOMO~HOCTh

nepe.n; 6orre3Hhl0 MaTepH, H3-3a qero OH B03My~aeTCH. 0H OTqaHBaeTCH OT

TOrO, qTo OH He MO)I(eT CITaCTH MaTh OT CMepTH. I103TOMJ HHOr,ll;a OH

cep.n;HTCH Ha Hee. 0,1J;HaKO OH He MO)I(eT He qyBCTBOBaTh ee .n;o6poTy H

rri060Bh. OH 3HaeT, qTo MaTh .n;arreKo He yMeeT rJUI,ll;eT!>, MHoro .n;yMaT:o He

npHyqHJia. Ha CaMOM .n;ene OH )l(aJieeT ee, COt.IyBCTByeT e::H: He 3a TO qTO ORa

MaTh eMy, a 3a ee 6eCXHTpOCTHYIO HaTypy, HeiTOBHHHOCTb H .n;o6po.n;yiiiHe,

KOTOphie onpe.n;errHIOT ee cy~ecTso. · AsTop He MeHee coqyscTsyeT csoe::H:

repoHHe.

Mo)I(HO CKa:3aTh, qTo BHKTop IleTpOBHq noJIO)I(HJI see csoH MacTepcKHe

cnoco6HOCTH H HaBhiKH B C03H.ZJ;aHHe 3Toro oqeHh pe.n;Koro o6pa3a MaTepw

pycCKOH .n;epeBeHCKOH )l(eH~HHhi. rosopH npo CBOIO MaTh aBTOp TaK

3aKJIIOqaeT o6pa3 3TOH 6e3HMeHHOH MaTepH:

«qenoseqecKaH .n;yiiia )I(HBa H 6eccMepTHa ,11;0 Tex nop KaK, ecTh s

OCTaBIIIeMCH MHpe TOT, KTO ee ITOMHHT 11 JII06HT. He CTaHeT MeHH, H

MaMHHa .n;yiiia YCITOKOHTCH, OTJiyqaeTCH HaKOHeu;, ITOTOMJ qTo

MyqaeTCH ORa He r.n;e-TO TaM, B He6ecax, MYqaeTCH BO MHe, H60 eCTh H

- ee npO,ll;OJI)I(eHHe, ee ITJIOT H .n;yx, ee He3aKOHqeHHrui MhiCJib, neCHH,

CMeX, CJie3hi, pa.n;OCTh» 70

•

70 B. AcTacpbeB. l.J,apb-pbi6a. Crp. 364.

52

C TOqKa 3peHIUI MaTepH IJenareg («JlenazeR») j{BAAeTCH Hepe,ll;KHM

npHMepoM :>KeHIIJ;HHbl, KOTOpag riopTHT xapaKTep H MO:>KeT pa3pyiiiMTb

:>KH3Hb csoeH: ):(oqepn 3a onpas):(aHMe csoeH: JIO:>KHOR no3MI.J;HM.

Y Ilenaren 6bino rny6oKoe :>Ke.ilaHMe cMoTPeTh Ha CBOIO ):(Oqb «BblCOKO 1

nodHJl8 ZO!lOBY » 71 . 0Ha oqeHb BbiCOKO qyBCTByeT ce6g eCJIM, HanpMMep

cpe):(M ):(epeBeHCKOR MOJIO):(C:>KM, ee ):(Qqb «Bepx 6epem»72. qepe3 ):(Qqb, qepe3

ee KpaCOTY («f1Ha 6epe3KG U C o6oiJpaHHOU KOpOU Kpaca8U1Ja»73) OHa xoqeT

nepe):(aTb BJiaCTH, IJeTpy J1BaHOBHqy H np., qTQ «He 8Ce me6e

mop:>ICecmeoeamb» 74. 3a pa3pyiiieHne :>KM3HM ):(oqepn BMHOBaTa Ilenareg,

H6o oHa caMa nycTMJia, «monbKHyna» 75 ee B pyKM o<J?nu;epa, ):(yMag, qTo

3THM OHa ):(eJiaeT eH: cqacTbe: «Ha mo UM u MonoiJbze zodbz iJaiJeHbl» 76•

A HeT. Ilonyqnnoch TOJibKO Hao6opoT: AnhKe npMIIIJIOCb y6e:>KaTb M3

):(epeBHM, TaK KaK oHa 3a6epeMeHena, 6naro):(apg csoeH: qecTOJII06MsoH:

MaTepn. Ilenareg HapoqHo He y):(errgrra BHMMaHMe Ha npe):(ynpe)l():(eHlfj{ ( «c

ceHOM ozoHb pRdOM»77), He npMHMMarra «cemoeaHWl»78

, MrHopnposarra

npe):(ynpe:>K,L(eHHj{ 30JIOBKH CqlfTag MX nycTgKaMM H He):(06po:>KeJiaTeJibHbiMH

nepecy):(aMM. Ilenareg AMocosa noJih3yeT ):(Oqb KaK cpe):(CTBO 3a

MCllOJIHeHMe CBOMX Ha):(MeHHbiX MHTepeCOB:

«A e:>KeJIM MM, AMOCOBbiM, .lzyMaJia Ilerrareg, KOr):(a-HM6y):(b no­HaCTogrueMy BbiRTM B JIIO):(M, TO TOJibKO. qepe3 AJlbKy. qepe3 ee Kpacy. qepe3 3TO 30JIOTO HOpOBHCTOe»79.

71 <1>. A6paMOB. ~ep. KOHH. CTp. 60. 72 TaM >Ke, CTJ'. 60. 73 TaM >Ke, CTJ'. 95. 74 TaM >Ke, CTJ'. 60. 75 TaM >Ke, CTJ'. 113. 76 TaM >Ke, CTJ'. 64. 77 TaM >Ke, CTJ'. 64. 78 TaM >Ke, CTJ'. 63. 79 TaM >Ke, CTJ'. 70. (Tio.l('IepKH)'TO MHoit- C.C.P.)

53

llenarex qacTO ccopHTCX C AnhKOH; e,D;Ba JIM He KIDK,D;hiH ,D;eHb MaTh

ynpeKaeT ,D;Oqh TO 3a lliaJIOCTb TO 3a HenpHJIHqHe, OC06eHHO 3a ryJIXHHe C

napHXMH. bOJibllie :noro OHa y,D;HBAAeTCX ee nerKOH BOJibHOH HaType, qTO

3aCTaBJIXeT ee CHOBa H CHOBa HarrpalliHBaTbCX: KaK OHa Be,D;eT ce6X TaK

HenpHJIHqHo, 3a Koro oHa 6epeT CBOH xapaKTep, OTKY,D;a y Hee TaKax

~ ? 80 «UlaJlbHa5t KpOBb», noqeMy OHa «CMaJlY 3Q 2YllllHl<OU 20HUmCJl. » .

C )~oqepoiO OHa TIO,D;qacTO He B Jia,D;aX. TyT, B CB3XH C ,D;oqepbiO ee

rrpo6JieMbi, pa3,D;Opbl, pa3Jia,D;bi B CeMbe B03HHKaiOT H3-3a CTOJIKHOBeHHH ee

C06CTBeHHhiX TIOHXTHH, H3-3a KOH<l>JIHKTa MOpanH: y MaTepH ( CTapoe /

ITOI<OJieHHe) 3TO CTapax MOpaJib ( cpaM, CThi,D;, TI030p, nepecy,D;hi, JIIO,D;H H

06I.IJ,eCTJBO ,D;AA Hee Ba)I(Hbie HeH36e)I(Hhie HpaBbl, CTapope)I(HMHbie

BOCTipHXTlfj{; OHH onpe,D;eJIXIOT ee TIOCTYTIKH, TaK qTO OHa ,D;OJI)I(Ha

TIOCTynaTb "Kal< nOJlO:JICeHO ", B COOTBeTCTBHH C HHMH), qTO YKa3biBaeT eif

KaK BeCTH ce6x B JIIO,D;H ITO)]; B03rJIX,D;OM npHJIJfqlfj{, a y ,D;oqepH 3TO HOBaX

'Mopanb' (T.e. HOBaX CHCTeMa l(eHHOCTeif) (a He HpaBOB!), qTO B036y)I(,D;aeT

B HeH OrOHh CMeJIOCTH, OmKp08eHHOCmu81

•

. AnoKa («AllbKa») COBpeMeHHax ,D;eBylliKa, HOBM pycCKM ,D;epeBeHCKax v

)l(eHI.IJ,HHa. llenarex He xoTena noKa3aTh cBoe 30JZomo Onerne. «EecnJZamHo»

He COBCeM. A AnoKa, rHaHHM HOBhiM OrHeM xoqeT TIOKa3aTb CBOe

82 «30JlOmO» Ka)I(,D;OMy •.. KOMY He JieHh, KTO MO)I(eT Ol(eHHTb ero: cpaM, CTbi,D;

H np. (HHhiMH CJIOBaMH CTapax MOpaJib) He MOryT ,D;ep)l(aTb, OCTaHOBHTb83

ee

B ee TIOHCKaX Cf.JaCmbJl. BoT 3TO BOJIHyeT ITenareiO («CMaJZY K HeU MY:JICUKU

80 TaM )l(e, CTJJ. 41. ~tl TaM )l(e, C'fP. 112. 82 TaM )l(e, CTJJ. 70. 83 TaM )l(e, CTJJ. 112.

54

!lbHym»), Bbi3biBaeT y Hee rHeB («CyKa Oe6Kaf»), H 3aCTaBmieT 3a,D;)'MaTbC}I:

«A ttmo 6yoem, K020a 6 200a eouoem?»84

.

BoT r,ne KOHcpJIHKT u;eHHOCTeH - HOBbiX H CTapbiX - IIO MOpanH BCer,na v

u;apHT Me)l(,l(y MaTepblO H ,noqepblO H OTTOrO OTHOWeHH}I Me:>K,ny ,D;ByMg

qacTo Harrpg)l(eHHbi. O,nHaKo npo6neMa y TienareH B TOM, qTo oHa He

COBCeM HeB3JII06HT HOBYIO CHCTeMy u;eHHOCTeH, IIOCKOJioKy, BO-nepBbiX,

A.. I 85 OHa IIJIOXO «3Ha!la HblHeUJHYJO MOJlOue:JICb. » ; BO-BTOpbiX .H HaBepHO CaMOe

Ba:>KHOe, y Hee eCTb CBOH «2pex»86, qTo ,D;OCTaJIC}I y Hee H3-3a ee

«CMellOCmU». llocne BOHHbl JKH3Hb CTana eme T}IJKeJiee, Xy:>Ke: OHH C My:>KeM

JKHJIH B KpaHHHX ey:>K,nax, CTPa,D;aJIH OT 6ecXJie6HI..J;bl. «CMe.JlOCmb» OHa

BH,nena He B TOM, qTo «nepecnana c tty:J~Cww MY:JICUKOM» 87, a B 6opo6e 3a ./

JKH3Hb CBoero pe6eHKa. Ha ee rJia3ax. «3attax» HX nepBeHeu;, HX

e,nHHCTBeHHbiH com orroro, qTo y Hee «Hattucmo nepecoXllu 2pyou». 0Ha He

xoTena, qTo6oi H BToporo pe6eHKa y HHX C'hena rono,noBKa, «nocmU2!la ma

88 T ... n :JICe yllaCmb» . aK, rHaHHag JKYTKHMH TIOCJie,D;CTBIDIMH BOHHbl enareg

6pOCHJiaCh B «6ou 3a H06Y10 :JICU3Hb»89, KOTopag CTPOHJiaCb BOKpyr, qTO,

3HaqHT, Tpe6oBana oT «20llOOHou pmoemou u pmymou»90 pyccKoif 6a6o1

TIO:>KepTBOBaH:llil JIHqHbiM ,D;OCTOHHCTBOM, :>KeHCKOH qeCTbiO: I1pHI1peT Hy:>K,na

,na rono.n - «c ca;www ObRBO!lOM nepecnuwb»91 . TaK oHa .no6oma neKapHH, H

BMeCTe c neKapHeif H 3apa6oTana ce6e «2pex», H ArroKa, ,noqb, }IBJI}IeTcg

«C!leOOM»92, CBH,D;eTeJibCTBOM :noro ee rpexa, KOTOpbiH CTPamaeT ee ,na:>Ke

84 TaM >Ke, cTp. 51. (noA'lepKHyTo Mnolt- C.C.P.) g~ TaM >Ke, cTp. 69. 86 TaM >Ke, CTP· 57. 87 TaM >Ke, CTP· 77. 88 TaM >Ke, CTP· 77. 89 TaM >Ke, c-:rp. 77. 90 Hroph ,ll;eAKOB.",ll;a 'ITO >Ke TaKoe :na PoccWI?" B KH.: <l>.A6paMoB. EpaThJI H c~CTPhi: poMaH a 4-~x KHHrax, KHHrH 1, 2. M., «CoseTCKaJI PoccWI», 1987r. CTP. 9. 91 <I>. A6paMos. ,ZJ;epesJIHHhie KOHH. CTP. 77. 92 TaM >Ke, CTP. 57.

55

cnycni MHOrO neT, H C03HaHHeM BHHbl OT KOTOporo OHa )I{HBeT. C :noif

TO"l!KH 3peHH.SI oHa He ny-qrne ,r:J;O"llep:a. Erue, ee zpex He ,r:J;aeT eii yKopHTb

,r:J;O"llb Bcepbe3. ITo3TOMy Boneii HeBoneH: oHa ,r:J;On)I{Ha 6bma TepneTb AnbKy.

A AnbKa, HOBOe llOKOneHHe, He TepnHnHBa51: OHa y6e)l(ana OT MaTepH, ..,/

KOr,r:J;a OHa He MOrna CTepneTb ee. XOT51 rHaHHa CBOeH Ha,r:J;MeHHOCTbiO, BCe

)l{e ITenare51 - )l(eHIUHHa; oHa - MaTh; y Hee TO)I{e ecTb cep,nu;e MaTep:a,

KoTopoe 6beTC51 3a ,D;O"l!b: «/(a eeob ooHa oHa y MeHR»93• ITenare51 BC51 ·../

C,r:J;eJiaHa 3a CBOIO ,ll;O"llb, llO KOTOpOH OHa O"lleHb CKy-qaeT ,!1;0 CMepTH H npo

KOTopyiO OHa He MO)I(eT CJiylliaTb HHKaKOe OCy)l(,r:J;eHHe, HH OT KOrO, ,r:J;a)l(e HH

OT BJiaCTH. 00Jlbllia51 "llaCTb ee 3HeprHH - H B 6opb6e H B CTpaCTH.SIX 6biJia

OT,r:J;aHa ,ll;O"l!epH, ee 6nary. }J.eno B TOM, "l!TO pa,D;H ,ll;O"l!epH ITenare51

Tpy,D;:anacb :a 6oponacb _o"llelfb MHoro. To, qTo oHa C"l!HTana 3o;wmoM, K

CO)I(aJieHHIO, npe,D;ano, llO,r:J;BeJIO ee, OKa3anOCb no30pHblM Y20JleM! ITenare51

XOTena «nepeYlllJOHymb», npeB30HTH IleTPa I1BaHOBH"4:a H npO"l!HX -qepe3 Hee,

a OHa, ee ,ll;O"llb, nepenniOHyna, 6pOCHJia ee B rp513b! I1TaK, 3TO TOJibKO

HpOHH51, "l!TO CaMa ,ll;Oqb COKpyrn:ana BCe ee Ha,r:J;e)l(,ll;bl. «IleJlaceR» H «AlzbKQ)) /

- BO MHOrOM .SIBJI.SIIOTC.SI CllOpOM 0 HOBOM H CTapoM, CTOJIKHOBeHHeM Me)l(~y ./

,r:J;BYM51 llOKOJieHH.SIMH pycCKOH ,D;epeBeHCKOH )l(eHIUHHbl.

Bo3bMeM Tenepb rnaBHyiO repoHHIO paccKa3a « YpoKu tjJpaHl1Y3CK02o». B

3TOM paCCKa3e nepe,D; HaMH eCTb o6pa3 B3p0CJIOH MaTepH JIHpHqecKOrO

paccKa3qHKa. KaK Ilenare.SI, oHa TO)I(e )I(HBeT B T.SI)KeJibiX o6cTo.SITenbCTBax,

B Te )l(e )I(YTKHe nocnesoeHHbie ro,D;bi. KaK Ilenare.SI, OHa TO)I(e CTPeMHTCH K

To My, qTo6bi CbiH CTan xopornHM -qenoseKoM. 3Ta npocTa51 pyccKa51

,D;epeseHCKa51 )l{eHIUHHa, nocne Toro KaK paccy,r:J;Hna, qTo «xy;)ICe y;)ICe He

6yoem - HeKJloa>/\ HanepeKop seeM TPY,r:J;HOCT.SIM H «HecttacmbRM»

93 TaM )f(e, C'fP. 49. 94 B. Pacnynm. )l(HsH H IIOMHH. M., «llaHopaMa», 1997r. C'fP. 231.

56

OTnycnma CbiHa B paHOH .D:JUI TOfO, l.J:T06bi OH yqJ-InC.SI, CTaJI XOpOIIlHM

qenoBeKoM. HecoMHeHHO eM: TPY.D:HO 6omo «pewumbCJl omnycmumb» ero

.n;aneKo OT ce6.SI. 0Ha 6e,n:Ha.SI KOJIX03HHu;a, o.n;Ha noMep:>KHBaeT CBOIO

CeMbiO, HeCeT BC.SIKYIO T.SirOCTb Ha CBOHX nneqax. Ho MaJibqlfK oqeHh

CKyqaeT no ,n:OMY H ceMbe, no pO.D:HOH ,n:epeBHe, H y Hero B03HHKaiOT

HeKOTOpbie npo6neMbi Ha HOBOM MeCTe. Ho ero MaTh HaKOHeiJ; y6e,n:HJia ero

B ToM, qTo eMy oqeHb Hy:>KHO yqHTbC.SI. 0Ha qacTo rono.n;aeT, OTPhiBaeT pa,n:H

Hero nocne,n:Hee oT ce6.SI H npHcbmaeT eMy. llenare.SI qacTo ycneBana B

cBoHx 3a,n:aqax, Ho ee ,n:oqh yqHnacb nnoxo. A pacnyTHHCKOH repoHHe

oqeHh pe,n:Ko y,n:aBanoch npeo.n;oneBaTb CBOH TPY.D:HOCTH, HO oHa ynopHo,

pelllHTeJihHO Beno .n;eno K TOMy, qTo6bi ChiH yqHJIC.SI. B 3TOM H3o6pa:>KaeTc.SI

KaK H MaTepHHCKHH ,n:onr TaK H ee JII060Bb H nOCB.SIIIJ;eHHOCTb CBOeH CeMbe.

PyccKa.SI .n:epeBeHCKa.SI :>KeH.I.IJ;HHa TaK :>Ke nonyqHna 3HaqHTeJihHoe

H3o6pa:>KeHHe B KaqecTBe :>KeHbi B npoH3Be,n:eHH.SIX 3THX aBTopoB. MecTo

:>KeHI.IJ;HHbi KaK :>KeHhi npe,n:cTaBJI.SieT C060H ee YHHKaJlbHbiH 'nopTpeT' B TOM,

lfTO OTCIO,n:a OHa npOXO.ll:HT qepe3 ,n:pyrHe HOpTPeTbi HCnOJIH.SI.SI eme ,n:pyrHe,

6onee CJIO:>KHbie pOJIH B )l(lf3HH. Ha CaMOM .n:ene, ee )l(lf3Hb B npHHIJ;Hne, B

aKTYaJibHOCTH HalfHHaeTC.SI B KaqecTBe :>KeHbi, KOr,n:a OHa e,n:MHCTBeHHO

HeCeT Ha ce6e MHOrO T.SI:>KeJibiX CeMeHHbiX H 06.I.IJ;eCTBeHHbiX 06.SI3aHHOCTeH

v

H Hepe,n:KO eH npHXO.ll:MTC.SI pa6oTaTb BMeCTO My:>KqlfHbi, ,n:a:>Ke BhiiiOJIH.SITb V

ero ,n:pyrHe 06.SI3aHHOCTH M OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH. )l(eHll(MHa KaK :>KeHa - CaMOe

3HalfHTeJibHOe OJIMIJ;eTBOpeHHe ee .D:JI.SI M)':>KlfHHbl M .D:JI.SI CaMOH ce6.SI, n6o OHM

npe,n:cTaBJI.SIIOT C060H CeMbiO, KOTOpa.SI 6y,n:eT H.ll:TH .ll:aJlbllie H .ll:aJlbllle OT

HHX • .5IBJieHHe MJIM o6p.SI,n: npeBpa.I.D;eHM.SI :>KeH.I.IJ;HHbl B :>KeHy, HaBepHO, oqeHb

Ba:>KHOe H3MeHeHHe B :>KH3HH JII060H ,n:eBylllKH.

57

EcTh HeKoTopbie oqeHb nono:>KHTeJihHbie, CHJibHbie 11 pe.n.Koro xopomero /

)KeHCKOro xapaKTepa o6pa3bl :>KeHbl B TBopqecTBe ,ll,aHHbiX aBTOpOB, KaK H

eCTb, KOHeqeHO, OTpHI~aTeJibHbie llOpTPeTbl :>KeHbl, H306pa:>KaiO~He He

oqeHb o.n.o6pHTeJibHbiH He.n.onycTHMbiH xapaKTep :>KeH~HHbi. Cpe.n.H

nepBoro THlla pyccKOH .n.epeBeHCKOH :>KeH~HHbl MO:>KHO llOCTaBHTb TaKHe

HMeHa KaK a6paMOBCKHe BacHJIHca MHJieHTheBHa («/{epeeRHHble KOHU»), v

ConoMH.n.a (« Yt~eHUlla AeeaKyMa»), OKyJIHHa («CaMClJl ct~aCm.JlUBClJl

:JICeHUf.UHa>>), MapMI («Iloc!leoHJlJl oxoma»), . acTaQ.>oeBCKHe K.rraB)l.HH

(«Cmapooy6»), Ha.n.x («PyKu :JICeHbz»), TiaHH («JlcHbZM llU aHeM»),

6enoBcKaH MapHH («Ha PoccmaHHOM xo!lMe»), panyTHHCKHe HacTacbH,

)J;apox («IlpoUf.aHue c Mamepou»), AneHa («Ilo:JICap»), HacTeHa («)/(ueu u

noMHU»). A BO BTopyro KaTeropmo ':>KeHbi' MO:>KHO BKJiroqHTb TaKHe

.n.ei1cTByro~He JIH~a KaK HacTachiO BepcTaKoBy («Ilepeea.Jl»), MoKpH.n.y

(«Cmapooy6»), Tienarero («Ile!la2eR»), ToHIO 3opHHY («BocnumaHue no

ooKmopy CnoK}'») 11 .n.p. Ho pacnyTHHCKyro BacHJIHCY («Bacwzuu u

Bacwzuca») TPY.U.HO ocy:>K)l.aTb, ecJIH HHor.n.a TPY.U.HO ee XBaJIHTb 3a ee

OTHOIIleHHH K CBOeMy My:>Ky.

lb-3a .n.ypaqecTBa BacHJIHH y BacHJIHCbi cnyqHJICH BbiKH.U.biiil. 0Ha BbirHana

ero H3 .n.oMy H . nepecTana pa3roBapHBaTh c HHM. CornacHo c HeR BacHJIHH

BHHOBaT 3a BbiKH,ll,biiil H 3a BCe ll0)l.06Hoe. fiOTOM OH llpFI~HaJI CBOIO OIIlH6KY

11 KaeTCH nepe.n. Hero, npocHT npo~eHHH. Ho oRa He npow;aeT ero; He .n.aeT

eMy cH.n.eTb 3a CTOJI. Kor.n.a BCllbiXHYJiacb BORHa c fHTJiepoM oRa .

npOBO)l.HJia ero Ha Q.>pOHT, HO He IIpOIIJ;aHCb, a paBHO)l.ylliHO: eH BCe paBHO

ecJIH My:>Ka no3BaJIH · Ha Q.>poHT. To :>Ke caMoe ORa .n.enaeT, Kor.n.a oH

Bo3Bpaw;aeTcx c Q.>poHTa nocne BOHHbi: oRa He BCTPeqaeT ero, He

npHHHMaeT ero, BeneeT .n.oqepH np116paTh eMy B aM6ape. 0Ha 3acTaBHJia ero

i !

58

:>KHTh B OTqy:>K.n;eHHM, OT,ll;eJlbHO OT ceMhM. 3HaqHT, TOT qeJIOBeK, KOTOphlH

BHec HeMaJihiH BKJia,ll; B X03HHCTBO, . KOTOphiH BepeyJICK C <}>pOHTa repoeM

IIOCJie Toro, KaK OT,ll;aJI CBOM Jiyqiime CMJlhl 3a 3aiD;MTY Po.n;MHhl He MMeeT

HHKaKoro ,ll;OCTOHHOfO MeCTa B CeMeHCTBe, ero He yBa)l(aeT CaMa )l(eHa.

Bacnnnca xoTx rrpaBa B cBoeM MecTe, rroToMy qTo Bacwnw:H: He

Jacny:>KHBaeT BHHMaHMH oT Hee, HO · oHa Be.n;eT ce6x rr_o6onee crporo,

qpe3Bhlqa:H:Ho paBHO,ll;yillHO, qeM HY)I(HO. Ocy.n;HTh ee 3a :no He rpy.n;Ho. 0Ha

He pa.n;yeTcH: rro6e.n;wTeJihHOMY B03Bpam;eHHIO My)l(a c BOHHhi, He II03BOJIHeT

BORTH B .n;oM eMy, TOMY, KTO BhirHan Bpara c Po.n;MHhi M TaK rrpnHec cnaBy

BCeH crpaHe H e:H: caMOH. ,[(eJIO B TOM, qTo BaCMJlMCa He TOJlhKO

qpe3Bbiqa:H:Ho paBHO,ll;ylllHa, HO M rrpe.n;B3HTa M 3fOMCTKa. Ee MY)I( rono.n;aeT,

XO,ll;HT B TpH:IIKaX, a ee 3TO Bee He KacaeTCH, He rporaeT. ABTOp IIOKa3hiBaeT,

qTO paBHO,ll;YillHOCTh Me)l(.n;y )l(eHOH M My)l(eM OIIaCHa, M MO)I(eT OCJia6HeTb

caMyiO He)I(HyiO HMTKY Me)l(.n;y .n;ByMx, ecnn rrpo.n;on)l(aeTC.si .n;onroe BpeMx. A

KOr.n;a OH B3HJ1 K _ce6e .n;pyryiO )l(eHy, TO OHa qyTh He BCIIhiXHYJiaCh

peBHOCTbiO: OHa TaK 3aBM.n;yeT eMY M ero HOBOH )l(eHe. 0Ha ,ll;a)l(e pyraeT,

OCKOp6AAeT «cecmpU'-lKy», KOTOpaH HM B qeM He BHHOBaTa. 3TO BhiHBAAeT

TO qeJIOBeqeCKOe KaqeCTBO, KOTOpOe IIOKa3hiBaeT, qTo qeJIOBeK (My:>K MJIH

)l(eHa) He MO)I(eT TeprreTh .n;pyroro My:>KqMHY (HJIM .n;pyryiO )l(eHID;HHy)

rrocTaBJieHHoro B MecTo rrepBoro. Tio3TOMY B cyTH .n;ena 03JIHJiaco

Bacnmrca.

My)J{ y MHJ_eHTheBHbi («,[Jepe6RHHble KOHU>>) TaK)I(e 6hm rrnoxHM,

«2p03HblM» qeJIOBeKOM. B rrepBo6paqHyiO HOqh OH CTpeJI.siJl B Hee H qyTh He

y6wn ee. Ee 6paTh.si xoTenw HaKaJaTh ero cMepToy6H:H:CTBOM 3a «nCl.Jlb6y»,

HO oHa crracna ero rryTeM JIO)I(H. OH He yBa)l(aeT ee H He rroMoraeT e:H: B

.n;oMalllHHX .n;enax HJIH B X03.siHCTBe. C yTpa .n;o Beqepa oHa Bcer.n;a 6I>ma

59

3aH.siTa pa3HbiMH ,nenaMH. OH He no3BOAAeT e:H: nocemaTh po,nHTeneH:,

BbiXO,D;HTb Ha ryn.siHbe HJIH Ha npa3,D;HHK 11 T.,D;. B . JieT CTapOCTH OHa

npH3HaeT, qTo ee «6blnUXHYllU» B3aMy)l( 113-3a «uty6bl U utClJlU», TaK KaK ee

OTeiJ, He MOr KYllHTb eif 3TH Bern;H, qTo cqHTaJIOCb «6ecllecmbeM»95

B

,n;epeBHe. CBeKop, o,n;HaKO, oqeHb mo6wn 11 yBa)l(aJI BacHJIHCY 3a ee

npeKpacHbiH xapaKTep, ,n;o6poTy 11 TepnHMOCTb. 3a cnaceHHe ChiHa oT

6paTbeB OH qyTh He «'t/e!l06Cl.ll eu H02U», Ha3biBaeT ee «BaCWlUCOU

flpeKpaCHOU». llpH JIID,D;51X OH llpH3HaeTC51 B ee 6naro,n;e.siTeJibHOCTH H

6narO~(apHT ee 3a TO, qTO OHa HX BCeX «6 !llOOU 6bl6e!la», «OypaK06 JllOOJl.MU

coenww»96•

KaK Ja H3JIHIIIHIDID cTporocTb, paBHo,n;yiiiHOCTb K MY)I(Y HeJib351 XBaJIMTh

pacrryrwHcKyro BacHnwcy TaK )l(e HeJib351 XBaJIHTb a6paMoBcKyro

MwneHTbeBHy 3a ee H3JIHIIIHIDID TepnHMOCTb, 3a 3aiiJ;HTY My)l(a, KOTOpbiH He

mo6Hn ee. B xapaKTepe o6ewx BbrnBn.sieTc.si qpe3BbJqaifHOCTh TepneHH.si H

HeTeprreHH.si.

B nepcoHa)l(e AneHbi («llo:»Cap») PacnyTHH co3,nan o6pa3 H,n;eanbHOH /

pyccKOH ,n;epeBeHCKOH · )l(eHbl. AJieHa - o6pa3 npHMepHOH xopoiiieH

)l(eHIIJ;HHbi c oqeHb npeKpacHhiM xapaKTepoM. Y M)')l(a npeKpacHoe

BrreqaTJieHHe, XOpOIIIee BJIH.siHHe OT ee JIHqHOCTH 11 xapaKTepa. AJieHa

IIpOCTO,D;yiUHbiH qeJIOBeK 11 Be,D;eT ce6.SI oqeHb CKpOMHO. l1x ;ZJ;eTH B3pOCJIH H

pa3oexanwcb no MHpy, HO HBaey HHKor,n;a He TPYAHO 6naro,n;ap.SI AneHe.

My)!( AneHbi He MO)KeT rro,n;aBHTh CBOH npeKpacHhie qyBcTBa o )l(eHe,' o

KoTopoif He 3HaeT rrnoxoro, <<Hellezo npeocmaeumb xyoozo»97.

AneHa rrpe,n;aHa CBOeMy MY)KY ,u.yiiioH 11 TenoM, cnoBoM 11 ,nenoM. 0Ha

95 <1>. A6paMOB. )l.ep. KOHli. Grp. 14. 96 TaM )l(e, c1p. 22, 24. 97 B. PacnymH. :>KHBH H noMHH. Grp. 439.

60

xopomaH )l(eHII.J.HHa, HO oHa eaMa B 3TOM He npH3HaeTeH. l1BaH ITeTposHq

TIOeTOHHHO qyseTsyeT B ee6e ee ilpHeyTeTSHe no6nH30eTH K ee6e, S eBOHX

MhienHx, ,n;a)l(e s eaMoM ee6e. Y Hero eeTh ese)l(ee ouzyiii.eHHe ee eny)l(6bi B

ee6e, eo3HaHHe o TOM, qTo oHa o6oraTHna ero xapaKTep esoHM xapaKTepoM.

,[(nH My)!( a AneHa eaMa B ee6e ero MHp, I',[(e eyli(eeTS)'IOT, u;apHT MHrKOeTh,

npHHTHOeTh, TeTinOTa .ll:YIIlH. lfsaHy fieTpOBHqy oqeHb 3a.L(yiileBHO OT Bee.

EonhiiiOe eTIOKOHeTBO, ese)l(He eHnbi H seqHoe y,n;osonheTSHe OH HaXO,[(HT B

ee6e OT Hee. l13-TIO,[( BllHHHHH xapaKTepa AneHbl OH 06oHSnHeT ee6e, qTo

TOT, B KOTOpOM He 3ByqHT ronoe )l(eHhl, OH eKOpO SbiiipaeTbiBaeTeH H3

)l(H3HH, H ,[(a)l(e eenH OH )l(HBeT, TO OH XO,ll;HT B HeM, B TaKOH )l(H3HH, KaK B

MaJZaxae c q,y:JICozo n.neq,a. My)!( AneHhi s qaeTHOeTH npH3HaeTeH B TOM, qTo

OHa ,n;nH Hero HBnHeTeH 6onhrue, qeM MO)l(eT 6biTb )l(eHOH;

«B :noM: ManeHbKOH paeToponHoii qmrype, KaK so Beee,n;HHoii

TpoHu;e, eomnoeb see, qeM MO)l(eT )l(eHII.J.HHa. .. .A y AneHhl see 3TO 6hi.Jio 6e3 Ha,[(e)l(,[(bl H )l(epTSbl, a HeXO,[(HllO OT Harypbl ee H .L(yiiiH, H

oHa 3aeoxna 61>1 Ha KopHIO, eerrH 61>1 He Ha,n; KeM 6nmo eM: xnonoTaTh H Kpy)l(HTb». 98

AneHa qy,n;oM enaena My)l(a H3-no.n; no)l(apa, Kor,n;a TOT ne)l(an Ha 3eMne no,n:

MaiiiHHOH, y KOTOpOH MOTOp SHe3aTIHO seTihiXHyn H 6bm S nnaMeHaX.

HeMe,n;neHHO AneHa o,n;HHM MaxoM no,n;xsaTHna Kopo6 e neeKOM H yxHyna

Ha OfOHb. ,l:(eno B TOM, qTo He O)l(H,[(anH, qTo OHa CMO)l(eT TIO,[(IDITb TOT

Kopo6 e neeKOM, TIOCKOllhKY Tpe6osanoeb 6onbiilHX yeHnHH OT ni06oro

l!enoseKa Ha 3TO. Kor,n;a ero cHosa HanonHHnH, MsaH ITeTposHq e

6onhli1HM yeHnHeM e,n;sa oTo,n;pan ero oT 3eMJIH. Ha TO, KaK oHa 6y,n;To 6e3

llOTibiTKH, 6e3 SeHKOH rpy,n;HOeTH llO,[(HHJia ero, AneHa OTSeTHJia 6e3

BeHKOI'O npHTBOpCTSa, 6eCXH'fPOCTHO, HeyMenbiM IIpOCTO.I(yiilHeM, KaK

98 TaM )Ke, crp. 440.

61

cqHTaeTCH npHcyme99 TOJibKO ,n:yrne pyccKOH ,n:epeBeHCKOH )l(eHIUHHbi, qTO

OHa HHqero He .n:enana, a KTO-TO no,n:xBaTHJI ee PYKH H no,n:cTaBHJI CBOIO

CHJIY .D:JIH TOro, qT06bl CTiaCTH My)l(a, qTO 3TO He OHa 6biJia, a KTO-TO ,n:pyroif.

A 60Jihllie 3TOrO oHa HHqero He TIOHHMaJia:. KaK OHa CMOrJia BCe 3TO

c.n:erraTb. Ho y AneHhi 3To HaTypa, ee xapaKTep. 0Ha sepHT B 6rraro

Ka)l(,n:oro qerroseKa, oco6eHHO oHa .n:eilcTsyeT 3a o6mee xopornee Ka)l(,n:oii

)l(eHIUHHhi. Kor.n;a-rrH6o OHa pa3rosapHsaeT, HJIH 6ece.n;yeT o )l(eHcKHx

BOTipoc:ax TO qyscTByeTCH qTo OHa CTOHT 3a Ka)l(.ll:yiO )l(eHIUHHY,

3acTynaeTcx, 3arn;HmaeT ee, 6opeTcx 3a scex )l(eHIUHH MHpa, qepe3 Hee

100 rOBOpHT «eOUHaJl :JICeHUfUHQ, Mamep 6CeX MUpCKUX :JICeHUf.UH» .

C TaKoil )l(e nocsxmeHHOCTbiO MY)I(Y OTJIHqaeTCH HacTaCbH («IlpoUfaHue c v

Mamepou»). 0Ha oqeHh sorrHyeTCH o 3a6oTe csoero cTapHKa, ecnH ,n:a)l(e

OHa He MO)I(eT XOpOlliO 3a6oTHTbCH 0 HeM. rrraBHOe, OHa He MO)I(eT TepneTb

rH6errh My)l(a - e,n:HHCTBeHHoro B 3TOM MHpe ocTasrnerocx eil qerroseKa. Ha

caMoM .n:erre oHa 6oHTCH Toro, qTo norH6HeT H MY)I(: y Hee He ocTarrocb

.n:osepqHBOCTH B )I(H3Hh. TaKoe coMHeHHe HJIH He,n:osepHe y Hee B03HHKJIO

BCJie.D:CTBHH C06biTHH, KOTOpbie npOHCXO,n:HT B TIOCJie,n:Hee BpeMH B MaTepe,

rH6eJib KOTOpOH TaK)I(e HBJIHeTCH HMMaHeHTHOH. ,[LITH Hee 3TO HCTpe6JieHHe

scero )I(HBoro H He)I(HBoro soKpyr ce6x. 3To ee qpe3BbiqaifHoe sorrHeHHe o

CBOeM My)l(e HBJIHeTCH Bbipa)l(eHHbiM TaKHM HeHOpMaJibHbiM o6pa30M TO)I(e

He 6e3 npHqHHbi. A eCJIH Mbl CMOTpHM Ha 3TY qepzy xapaKTepa 3TOH CTapOH

pyccKOH ,n:epeBeHCKOH )l(eHIIJ;HHbi, TO 3Ta ee CBHXHYTOCTb BbiHBJIHeT

npeKpaCHOe B ee xapaKTepe - 3TO TO)I(e Bbipa:>!<eHHe, BH.D: npe,n:aHHOCTH

MY)I(Y' 3TO TO)I(e OTpa)l(eHHe ee JII06BH K He My H 3a60Tbl 0 HeM. IIo Harne My

TIOHHMaHHIO 3TO HBJIHeTCH 06'bHCHeHHeM ee TIOCTYTIKOB H pa3rOBOpOB,

99 <t>.A6paMOB. qeM :>KHBt\M-KOpMHMC.II. Grp. 430-431. 100 TaM :>Ke, CTJl. 438.

62

«CKG:30K» npo My)l(a. Oaa po~HJia ~eTe:H: oT aero, eo3~ana eeMLIO, H ee:H:qae,

Kor~a He oeTanoeb :no:H: eeMbH - 6oJILIIIe eTPa)(aTb oT noTepH MY)I(a oaa He

B eHJiax. Ha :no H HanpBJieHHbl Bee ee pa3rOBOpbi, K 3TOMY H eTPeMHTe.H OHa

B eTapoeTH - TaK, qT06bl He OeTaTbe.H O~HHOKOM B TIOeJie~HHe ~HH )I(H3HH.

0Ha qaeTo HarosapHsaeT Ha My>Ka. A npH HeM yTeiiiaeT ero. Ha eaMOM

~eJie eif eaMOH Hy>KHbl yTeiiiHTeJibHble eJIOBa, KOTOpbie OHa fOBOpHT eHOBa

H eHOBa eMy; eH xoqeTe.H, qT06bi KTO-TO e:H: fOBapHBaJI HX, TaK qTo6bi eH

6Lmo nerqe. E:H: xoqeTe.H, qTo6bl yTeiiianH, yenoKaHBaJIH ee naeKOBbiMH

~o6pbiMH enosaMH B 3TO M.HTe)I(HOe speM.H. Ee My)l(, o~HaKo, He ena6: oH

3HaeT, qTo «noBopom He 6yoem», Tor~a KaK OHa Bbipa)l(aeT esoH

B3BOJIHeHH.H, Kor~a TPeBO>KHO rosopHT He)I(HbiMH enoBaMH eMY:

«-A Mbi e To6o:H:, Erop, TaK .l!pyr B03Jie .zmy)I(KH H TaM 6y.l!eM. lie )l(e Terrepb ... Ky~a ,ZJ;eHeiiibe.H? A pe6.HT noTep.HJIH... r~e HX Terrepb B3.HTL? .. A MLI snsoeM ... MO)I(eT, Hflqe. TaM, no~H TO)I(e JIIO~H. Hy H qTo He3HaKOMbie? Co3HaKOMHMe.H. A HeT - B.l!BOeM 6y.l!eM» 101

•

TyT H306pa)l(aeTe.H ee npe,ZJ;qyseTBHe o6 O)I(H~aH~biX-HeO)I(H~aHHbiX B

HOBOM MeeTe npo6neMax; HarrepeKop HM OHa npe~naraeT My)l(y, qTo oHa

Beer~a 6y~eT e HHM; 6y~eT ITbiTaTbe.H K TOMY qT06bi HM 6biJIO HeTPy~HO

epe~H qy)I(HX JIIO~e:H:; 6y~eT ~eJIHTbe.H Be.HKHM ropeM, XOT.H ~eTH y HHX

yMepJIH, OT 3TOrO HeBbiHOeHMOfO rop.H HM HeKy~a ~eTbe.H, HeKaK

H36aBHTbe.H, HO see-TaKH 6y~eT OHa e HHM. HaeTaeb.H oqeHb npe~aHHa.H

MY>KY 3a6oTJIHBa.H eTapa.H >KeHII.(HHa. C6Lme.H ee e-rpax, Kor~a noexas B

'zopoo ' rroMep ee My)l(, 6e3 KOToporo oHa He npe~eTaBJI.HJia ee6e )I(H3Hb,

pa~H KOTOporo OHa 9oma fOTOBa Bee ~eJiaTb, TIOHTH e HHM XOTb KY~a.

06pa3 HaeTaeLH - o6pa3· neqaJibHOH MaTepH H TOeKYJOII.(eH :a eTapoeTH

101 TaM )l(e, Cl'p. 257. (Ilo.l{'{epKH)'TO MHOJ:i.- C.C.P.)

63

O)lJIHOKo:H: )l(eHbi. B ee o6JIHKe aBTop cyMen co3.D;aTb nocB.SIII(eHHbiH ceMbe B

TP.D;HbiX o6cTo.SITeJibCTBax )l(eHCKHH xapaKTep.

HacTaCb.SI CTaporo B03pacTa )l(eHII(HHa, KOTOpa.SI BOJIJI)'eTC.SI, 3a60THTC.SI 0

My)l(e. PyccKa.SI ,D;epeBeHCKa.SI )l(eHII(HHa MOJIO.D;OrO B03pacTa TO)I(e He

CTeCH.SieTC.SI OT 3a60Tbl 0 60JibHOM, HeTPy.ZJ;OCllOC06HOM, 6eCCHJibHOM HJIH

HHBaJIH.D;HOM My)l(e, He OCTaBJI.SieT My)l(a B ero T.SI)I(eJibiH HCllbiTaTeJibHbiH

qac o.n;HHOKHM. TaKHe ecTb Ha.D;.SI («PyKu JJCeHbz»102), llaH.SI («.f!CHbZM JZU

OHeM»), Mapb.SI («llocJZeOHflfl oxoma»), HacTeHa («)/(uBu u noMHw>),

ConoMH.D;a (« YrJeHUtJa A66aKyMa»). McKmoqeHHeM OT HHX .SIBJI.SIIOTC.SI

llenare.SI, HacTahC.SI BepcTaKoBa, MoKpH.na, ToH.SI3opHHa.

Ha.n;.SI .SIBJUieTC.SI npHMepoM TaKoH pyccKoH: .nepeBeHcKOH )l(eHII(HHbi, KOTopa.SI

6e3 cBa.n;b6bi o6'h.SIBHJia ce6.SI "JJCeHou" CTenaHa, 6e3pyqHoro HHBaJIH.n;a.

0Ha He TOJibKO o6'b.SIBHJia, a .n;a)l(e y)l(e Haqana HOCHTb Ha ce6e

OTBeTCTCBeHHOCTH H BblllOJIH.SIJia o6.SI3aHHOCTH )l(eHbi-X03.SIHKH B CeMbe

CTenaHa, KOTopbiH HHqero o6 3TOM He 3HaJI. ,[(eno 6Lmo B TOM, qTo CTenaH

JII06HJI ee, HO HecqacTHbiM cnyqaeM llOTep.SIJI PYKH H Jie)l(aJI B 60JibHHIJ;~~.

BoT, TeM BpeMeHeM Ha.n.SI Bbiiiirra 3aMy)l( 3a Hero 6e3 Hero! B TOT )l(e

HecqacTJIHBbiH ,D;eHb OHa nepeiiiJia B ero )];OM. llOTOM IIO-CBOHCKH 3aCTaBHJia

ero, HHBaJIH.D;a, )l(eHHTbC.SI Ha ce6e, npHH.SITb ee KaK )l(eHy 6e3 BC.SIKHX

pa3MbiiiiJieHHH ,D;a BOJIHeHHH H KOJie6aHHH. 0Ha He ,D;aJia eMY 60Jibiiie

MpaqHeTb HJIH MyqHTbC.SI, B3.SIJiaCb 3a 3a60TJ ,D;a pa60TY y CBeKpOBH,

IIpHBeJia B ,li;OMe ll0p.SI.D;OK103

•

Ha.n.a o6na.naeT BbiCOKHM npe.naHHbiM 3a6oTJIHBbiM xapaKTepoM. 0Ha

.n;eiicTByeT 3a 6naro Tex, KTO 6oJibiiie B HY)I(.D;e H 6ecnoMOII(eH. CTenaH

102 TiepeBo~ JarnaBHH c aHrmdicKoro The Hands of a Wife M•t- C.C.P. 103 B. AcnupbeB. KoHb c poJosoA rpHBoA (Ha aHz. Jl3.). Crp. 47. (Tiepeso~ MOA.- C.C.P.)

64

oqeHb ,ll.OBOlleH e10. Enaro,ll.ap.SI TIOCTO.SIHHOH IIO).l)(ep)I(Ke H IIOOIIJ,peHHIO

)l(eHbl OH, 6e3pyqHbiH HHBanH,ll., CTan nyqiJlHM OXOTHHKOM B paHOHe. Ee3

Hee OH He cqHTaeT cBo:H .D.OM ceMoe:H, qTo HaM .siBIDieTc.SI «cmo!l6oM

ceMbU»,' qTO HX «Kpbltua oep:>JCumcJl Ha ee 11JletJax»104• OH He XBanHT ee, a

11pH3HaeTC.SI B TOM, qTO OHa .SIBn.SieTC.SI cpyH)J.aMeHTOM, 6onblllOH OIIOpOH ero

ceMhH, qro OHa 3aHHMaeT rnasHoe H noqeTHoe MecTo B ce:MeHcTBe. ABTop

TIOKa3biBaeT, qTo CaM ee MY)!( IIOqHTaeT, qTHT ee, IIpHHHMaeT ee X03.SIHKOH.

OH H3o6pa)l(aeT CBOH qyBCTBa K He:H TaK:

« ... KaKa.SI )l(eHIIJ,HHa, KaKo:H senHKHH qenoseK, Tbi ecTb! A .SI 6bi ... 105 ~

BbiiiHll BO,ll;y, B KOTOpOH Tbl MOelllb HOrH ... » .

3TO 110Ka3biBaeT, qTo B :HOH CeMbe B ,[J.eHCTBHTenbHOCTH BeChMa yBa)l(aJOT V""

BbiCOKOM IIOqeTe.

HecOMHeHHO, CBOeH npe,ll.aHHOCTbiO, CBOeH 6naropa3yMHOH BOneif, CBOHM

BenHKHM )l(eHcKHM xapaKTepoM oHa 3acny)I(HBaeT npe,ll.naraeMoro IIoqeTa,

,ll.OCTOHHCTBa. qeCTb My)l(qHHbl He MeHblllHTC.SI ecnH OH noqHTaeT ni06YJO

xopolllYJO )l(eHIIJ,HHy, a He TOllhKO )l(eey. TaK Ha.D.IO nocTasanH Ha oqeHh

.D.OCTOHHoe MecTo, npHHOC.SIT e:H 6onblllHe HcKpeHHHe noKnOHhi, ecnH MY)K

~ 106 ... rOTOB IIOTIHTb tJapaHOuOK , rOBOp.SI TIO-HH,ll.HHCKH, )l(eHbl.

A6paMoBcKa.SI Mapb.SI («Iloc!leOHR.R oxoma») TaK)I(e He 6pocaeT My)l(a, /

KOr.D.a TOT CTan HHBanH.D.OM. Ilocne :noro oHa eiiJ,e 6onhllle Haqana

3a60THTbC.SI 0 HeM, He OCTaHOBllHBaeT ero 6e3 OCMOTPa. 0Ha BCeM cep,ll.:QeM

coqyscTsyeT eMy, He ,ll.aeT eMy MpaqHeTb H3-3a cBoero He)J.o6poro

nono)l(eHH.SI. KaK acTacpbeBCKa.SI Ha.WI TaK )l(e MapMI noMep)I(HBaeT ero

104 TaM )Ke, C'fP. 53. 105 TaM )Ke, C'fP. 52. (TIOJJ.'IepKH)'TO MHOit- C.C.P.) 106 lfapaHOOOK (caHCKpHTCKOe: 'lapaH- HOra, Y.ll.OK- BO,IJ.a): BO)l.a, B KOTOpOit MOIOT HOfH

MHOfOyaa)KaeMOfO, llO'IeTHOfO 'lenoBeKa, (KaK rypy, acKeTa) HTaK C'IHTaiOT CBRTOit H IlbiOT B 3HaK llO'IeTa

eMy.

65

,n:yxoBHo, He pa3pernaeT eMy qyaeTBOBaTb ee6.SI ena6biM, ,JzyMaTb npo ee6.SI

ITJIOXO HJIH eqHTaTb ee6.SI 6peMeHeM, o6y30H ,Zl:JI.SI ,n:pyrHX, BOJIHOBaTbe.SI 0

6y,n:y~eM HJIH 0 ITOTpe6HOeT.SIX H.ri:H Hy)l(,n:aX ,n:eTeH. 0Ha - O,n:Ha H3 TeX

HeMHOfHX )l(eH~HH, KTO MO)I(eT pa6oTaTb H 3a60THTbe.SI 0 My)l(e B HHbiX

o6ero.SITeJibeTaax. KaK HaM H A.JieHa, TaK H Mapb.SI TO)I(e neiiiKOM xo,n:Hna a

60JibHH~Y eeMb aepeT MHOfO ,n:HeH 3HMOH. B 3TOM KOHTeKeTe eBOHM

npe,n:aHHbiM MY~ xapaKTepoM oHa npe,n:eTaBJI.SieT eo6oH: HaM, KaK

eqHTaeTe.SI, THITHqHbiH xapaKTep pyeeKOH ,n:epeaeHeKOH )l(eH~HHbi, B pa3p.SI.IJ:I v

KOTOpbiH BXO,Zl:HT 60JibiiiHHeTBO repOHHb 3THX ITHeaTeJieH. Bee 3TH \

)l(eH~HHbl BO MHOfOM npOIIIJIH eKB03b eeMeifeTBO H 3aMY)I(eeTBO (

o,n:HHaKoao: MY)I(b.SI y HHX ,n:onrnoe apeM.SI Jie)l(aJIH a 6oJibHH~e, KY.n:a xo,n:HJIH )

K HHM neiiiKOM B eypOB)'IO 3HMY qepe3 ryeTOH Jiee 3TH pyeeKHe

,n:epeBeHeKHe )l(eH~HHbl.

HaereHa TaK )l(e He 6poeaer eaoero My)l(a, Kor,n:a oH 6poeHJI <l>poHT. B eB.SI3H

e reM .SIBJieHHeM, qro Ha3biBaeTe.si «ceMbeu», HaeTeHa .SIBJI.SieTe.SI MoryqHM

npMMepoM TaKOH pyeeKOH ,n:epeBeHeKOH )l(eHII(HHbl, KOTOpa.SI OT,n:aHa MY)I(Y

H eeMI.e seeM eep,n:~eM. C roqKH 3peHH.SI eeMbH, HaeTeHa Haxo,n:HTe.SI epe,n:H

nyqrnHx o6pa30B )l(eHrn;HHbi a pyeeKoH: JIHTepaT)'pe. HaeTeHa - H.~~MbHa:I

)l(eHa; y Hee oqeHb BhieoKoe noH.SITHe o My)l(e. 0Ha o6na,n:aeT oqeHb

BbleOKH:M MOpaJibHbiM xapaKTepOM ITO OTHOIIIeHHIO K My~. 0Ha oqeHb

r~arenbHO H erporo 3a~H~aeT ee6.SI or rpexona.n;eHH.SI: «p.ROOM c co6ou

opyzozo lf,eJl06eKa He npeocma6Jl.Rfla»107• 0Ha OeTOpO)I(HO 6epe)l(eT

lll1eTonnoTHOCTh xapaKTepa («KaK iJocKa, :JICWla oiJHa»). Bee mo,n:11

ATaMaHOBKH 3HaiOT ee B 3TOH eB.si3H, JII06yiOTe.SI eiO 3a ee

BbleOKOMOpaJibHbiH xapaKTep H qHeTOITJIOTHOeTb H ll03TOMY oqeHb

107 TaM )Ke, c-rp. 98.

66

yBa)l(aiOT ee. Ee MY)I( qeTbipe ro~a y)l( Haxo~HTCX Ha cppOHTe, HO OHa He

~aeT ce6e BOlliO. Hao6poT, OHa C:rPOrO 3a60THTCX 0 CBOeM xapaKTepe.

YnonHoMoqeHHbiM, no~yMaB qT<) oHa o6biKHOBeHHWI cna6ru1 BonbHWI

pyCCKrui ~epe:BeHCKrui )l(eHIUHHa, TIOCMen TIOMMaTI, ee B Tenere B Ha~e)l(~e

Toro qTo oHa nerKo c~acTcx eMY. HacTeHa oqeHb o6H~enacb ero aKTOM, Ho

CMeno COTipOTHBnXeTCX eMy. 0Ha ero HeMe~neHHO y6e,ZJ;Hna B TOM, qTo OHa

He H3 cna6biX, qTO OHa He nerKOMbiCneHHrui, a )l(eHIUMHa C qJ1CTOTillOTHbiM

xapaKTepoM. HacTeHa c nonHbiM npoxBneHHeM )l(eHcKo:H: rop~oCTH B Haqane

)l(e OCTaHOBHna ero OKa3biBaX HeO)I(H~aHHOe COTipOTHBlleHHe eMy,

OCTaBruiCb TaKHM o6pa30M BepHOM MY)I(Y· 3Ta MOllO~rui KpeCTMIHKa He

Bbi~aeT My)l(a, HMKor~a He ~yMana o qy)I(OM My)l(qHHe. Kor~a AH~pe:H:

~e3epTHpOBan <J.>pOHT OHa 6e3 BTOpOM MbiCllH H3 ~Byx - My)l(a MllH niO~eM -

Bbi6parra My)l(a, xoTx oHa 3Hana qTo oH ~e3epnrp, npecrynHMK rocy~apcTBa,

OH Bpar Po~MHe, npoTHB Hapo~a. Ho HanepeKop cBoe:H: ~o6po:H: Mbicnw oHa

cTopoHHTCX c My)l(eM-npecTynHMKOM. I1TaK pa~H MY)I(a oHa TO)I(e

COBepruaeT npecTynneHHe nponm Hapo~a. Ee npe~aHHOCTb My)l(y, ee

~epeBeHCKHM CeMeMHbiM HpaB («K cmapUHHOMY npaewzy: COU/JlUCb - HQOO

:JICUmb» 108) 3aCTaBHn ee nepeHTH Ha He3aKOHHyiO HenpaByiO HcmopoHy"

My)l(a, 3a KOTOpbiM rHanCX CaM 3aKOH. 3TO OHa ~enaeT TIO-CBOMCKH,

co3HaTenhHO H c y6e)l(~eHHeM, qTo oHa nocTynaeT ,n;o6pocoBecTnHBO H B

COOTBeTCTBHH C )l(eHCKHM ~o6po~eTeneM KaK :>KeHbi, CO

TIOHHMaHHeM MOpanH XOpOllieM )l(eHbi:

CBOHM

«TaK KaK )l(e Terrepb OT Hero OTKa3aTbCX? 3TO COBCeM Ha.UO He HMeTb cepnua ... TyT OT qy)l(oro, 6yp;b OH 1pM)I(.llbi HeqwcTbiM, npocTo He

OTMaXHellibCX, a OH CBOM, pO.ZlHOM ... » 109

108 B. PacnyrHH. )!(HBH H nOMHH. Crp. 19. 109 B. PacnyrHH. )!(HBH H noMHH. Crp. 56. (Ilo.n;qepKH)'TO MHoit.- C.C.P.)

67

Kor,n;a-JIH6o y AH,n;pe.SI, MyJKa HaeTeHhi, ena6HyT Ha):(eJK,D;hi, oH Haxo,n;HTe.SI B

ryrrHKe, H MpaK TOJibKO oKpyJKaeT ero, HaeTeHa eMy OKa3biBaeTC.SI 6oJihlllOii

orropoli, TaK KaK OHa rro,n;,D;epJKHBaeT ero MaTepHaJibHO ( OHa BOpOBeKH HeeeT

eMy MyKy, rrpoBHaHTbi, PYJKbe, coJih, H rrpoqee H3 ,n;oMa) H ,nyxosHo B

o6pa3e HacTo.s~mero ,n;pyra, xopollleli JKeHhi. CqHTaeTc.SI KaK xopomee, ,n;JI.SI

HacTeHbl "ceou MY:JIC JZYl/.Ule ". MHo roe oHa ,n;enaeT B 3To BpeM.SI pa,n;H

cqaCTMI M 6e30ITaeHOeTM MyJKa. ):(.rr.SI ero cqaCTb.SI OHa fOTOBa >KepTBOBaTb

esoHM JIMqHbiM eqaeTbeM, H6o B eqaeTbe MyJKa eli rrpe,n;eTaBIDieTe.SI see

y,n;osneTBopHTeJibHOe H ,n;n.SI ce6.SI. YrpoJKaiOr:u;ee rroJioJKeHHe, KOTopoe ,n;JIH

Hee .HBJI.HeTC.H O,D;HOBpeMeHHO H cqaCTbeM H MyqeHHeM, KOTOpOe Bee BpeMH

ITO,D;Beprano ee JKeCTOKOMY HCITbiTaHHIO, 6blJIO ee 6epeMeHHOCTb: OHa

3a6epeMeHeJia OT MyJKa M eli He 6biJIO ,D;03BOJieHO IIOfOBOpHTb - HM rrpo

O,D;HO lfiM rrpo ,n;pyroe. 3TO TOJibKO HpOHH.SI, qTo Ha O,D;HOii eTopoHe, en

fOBOp.HT He OTKpbiTb rrpo OTI.J;a pe6eHKa (KOTOporo er:u;e He 6biJIO ); a Ha

,n;pyroii eTopoHe, lie rrpHHHMaiOT ee 6epeMeHHOCTb He3aKOHHOH, XOTH, Bee ·

3HaiOT, qTO qeTbipe ro,n;a y Hee MyJKa He 6biJIO ,D;OMa. 0Ha CTpalllHO

rrepeJKMBaeT 3TO «Cl/.aCmbe», KOTOpoe eli 6y,n;TO IIOITaJIO HH OT qyEoro HH OT

esoero MyJKqHHbi. Bee 3TO oHa TeprreeT pa,n;H MaJieHbKoro ctJacmb.R oT

MyEa: MHOfO pyceKoli ,n;epeBeHCKOii JKeHII.J;HHe OT MyEa He xoqeTe.SI. ,lJ;o

3TOfO ITOJIOEeHMH, OHa HaMHOfO eTpa,n;aJia OT 6e3,n;eTHOCTH. A Terrepb 3TO ee

cqaCTbe rrpHHa,n;JieJKHT K ,n;pyroMy He3HaKOMOM)' qeJioseey eema ,IJ.aJKe oHa

rroJiyqMJia ero oT po,n;Horo MyJKa ceMeMHbiM rryTeM! CaMoe 6oJiblllOe

)l(eJiaHHe y Hee 6bmo: po,n;MTb pe6eHKa y MY)l<a, .n;aTh ero ceMbe Hacne,n;HMKa.

3THM H rrpe,n;eTaBJIHJIOCb eli BbiiTOJIHeHHe CBOero ":JICeHC1<020 00Jl2Q " 3a

ceMhiO, 3a MyJKa («R 3aHoeo pooWiacb!»). Terrepb e:H CTpalllHO rrpe,n;cTaBHTb

6 . 110 ce6H KaK MaTh e3 MyJKa: «Ho eeob me6.R :JICe Hem! ... MOJZl/.amb 6yoy)> .

110 TaM )l(e, CTJ'. 89.

68

Ee MoJiqanwe CHMBOJIW3HpyeT ee rrpe,n;aHHOCTb MYJKY' a He ee

6eCITOMO~HOCTb MJIM llO,[(aBJieHMe, I1pOH3BOJI Ha,[( HeiO. 0Ha B CMJie

6yHTOBaTb rrpOTMB Hero. Ho OHa. o6 3TOM MblCJIHTb He MbiCJIMT. 3To ee

CBOeo6pa3HOe · yBaJKeHMe K He My. CBOMM MOJiqaHMeM OHa o6ecneqMBaeT

eMy 6e3onacHOCTb, cTOJib eyJKH:a eMy B 3TO speM.a. Be MYJK npM3HaeT 3TOT

cpaKT W C03HaeT rrpH HeM, qTo OH JKHB B ,[(aHHbiH MOMeHT 6naro,n;apH TOJibKO

eii! O,n;HaKo, Ta noHHMaeT H npHHHMaeT 3TO TOJibKO no ,n;pyroMY- KaK csoii

,n;onr: «Jl :JK:e me6e He tJY:JK:aJt» 111•

,[(epeseHCKaH cosecTb B036yJK,n;aeT B HacTeH:e npH3HaHMe csoero

HpaBCTBeHHOfO ,[(OJifa nepe,[( o6~eCTBOM, C KOTOpblM OHa 6opeTCH TipOTHB

rHTJiepa, npHHOCHT CBOeo6pa3HbiH HeMaJibiH BKJia,[( B Tpy,[(OBOH cppOHT.

HanepeKop 3TOH COBeCTM, O,[(HaKO, 3TOMY ee B036y)l(,[(eHMIO OHa Bbi6pana

CeMbiO, TOqHee, MyJKa B COOTBeTCTBHM CO CBOMM "cu6upCKUM HpaBOM " 112.

CeMbH ,[(JIH Hee 3HaqMT ee nepBbiH ,[(OJif, OCTaJibHOe TOJibKO llOTOM. TaKoe ...,___ -· TIOHMMaHMe MyJKa y Hee. ,[(eJIO B TOM, qTO pyCCKaH ,n;epeBeHCKaH JKeH~MHa

soo6~e c-rpeMHTCH KO sceo6~eMy 6nary ceMbM. TaKoBoii HBJIHeTc.a M

HacTeHa. PacnyTMH co3H,n;aeT o6pa3 HacTeHbi Ha ocHose qmnococpMH

nereH,n;apHoro noHHTMH cyob6bz 113. B ee ceMeHHOH M JIHqHoii JKH3HH TOJKe

B03HHKaJIH npo6neMbi. AH,n;peii He 6biJI xopoiiiMM MYJKeM, HO oHa HMKor,n;a

TIJIOXO 0 HeM He ,n;yMaJia. 0Ha yMeJia npHMHpHTbCH C TeM, qTo eif

,[(OCTaBaJIOCb B JKH3HM 6e3 Tpe6oBaHHH. 0Ha Tpe6QBaTb He npHyqMJia.

Ilo3TOMY oHa HHKor,n;a He JKanosanacb Ha cyob6y. PaHee cHpoTcKoe ,n;eTcTBo

H He,[(OCbiTaH IOHOCTb HayqHJIH ee npHHHMaTb BCe CTIOKOHHO, 6e3

oropqeHMH, 6e3 B03paJKeHHH, MOJiqaJIHBO. 3TO e~e O,[(Ha, KaK cqMTaeTCH,

111 TaM JKe, CTJJ. 44. 112 TaM JKe, CTJJ. 497. 113 TaM JKe, CTJJ. 15, 16, 25, 76, 88, 96, 98, 102, u ,naJibwe.

69

qepTa xapaKTepa pyccKOH ,AepeseHCKOH )l(eH~HHbi,

npe)l.CTaBHTeJibHHu;e:H: KoTopoii TYT MO)I(HO cqHTaTb H.acTeey. HacTeHa

OIIHCbiBaeTC.H KaK )l(eH~HHa C)l,emiHHa.H CY)l.b60H H 3a CY.Ab6y («HUKOZOQ He

OZJlJl0bl8aJlQCb Ha3QO»). Y Hee HeT BbiCOKHX c-rpeMJieHHH. TaK )l(e y Hee HeT

6oJiblliHX B006pa)l(eHHH MOTHBHpOBaHHbiX B,AOXHOBeHHeM 0 CeMbe, 0 My)l(e,

0 ce6e. 0Ha qeJIOBeK, KOTOpbiH BCeM CBOHM cyru;eCTBOM OT)l,aH CeMbe, \/'"

My)l(y. Y)l(e )l.O 3aMy)l(eCTBa oHa 6bma c,n:enaHa oT.n;asaTb . .n;pyrHM 6oJibiiie,

qeM IIpHHHMaTb y HHX, O)I(H)J;aTb OT HHX - 6y.n;b 3TO COJib HJIH XJie6 HJIH )l(e

mo6osb )l,a cqacTbe. B .n;eTCTBe oHa cec-rpe He .n;asana ocTaBaTbC.H rono.n;Holl:,

XOT.H CaMa XO)J;HJia He)J;OCbiTa. To )l(e CaMoe B CeMbe My)l(a: CJibiiiiaJia ynpeKH

cseKposH, TPY.AHJiacb 6oJihiiie scex, H B .n;ene mo6BH H cqacTb.H - .n;asana

BCeM HX 60Jibiiie, qeM IIOJiyqana: «MHOZO eu He HQ00»114

• MCXO)J;.H H3 TaKHX

CBOHX y6e)I()J;eHHH 0 CeMbe, OHa ce6.H cqHTaeT CB.H3aHHOH C My)l(eM cyOb6ou

- H B ero rope H B ero cqacTbe.

Il03TOMY OHa TeprreeT MHOfO B HOBOH CeMbe. IJocne .n;e3epTHpCTBa

My)l(a oHa 3acryrraeTc.H 3a Hero csoeo6pa3HO. Ee MY)!( scer.n;a )I(HBeT B

CTpaxe. IloHHMa.H ero .n;yxOBHOe COCTO.HHHe HacTeHa IIO)J;HHMaeT ero

HaCTpOeHHe M CTapaeTC.H BbiBO,AHTb ero H3 MpaKa. 0Ha CBOeo6pa3HO

pacceiisaeT ero c-rpax H TaK o6nerqaeT ero 6onh. Ha ocHoBe cy.n;b6bi

IIO)J;,ll;ep)I(HBaTb My)l(a, OKa3biBaTb eMy BC.HKYJO B03MO)I(Hyro IIOMOI.IJ;b .n;a

IIO)J;MOry B 6e,n:e B He6narOIIpH.HTHbiX o6CTO.HTeJibCTBax, ,AeJIHTbC.H ero

6e,n;CTBHeM H HecqaCTHeM, 6biTb y Hero, KOr,Aa BeCb MHp fOHHTC.H 3a HHM

OHa cqHTaeT CBOHM ,AOJifOM. 3TO ee oqeHb npeKpaCHOe .n;a CMeJioe KaqecTBO

qTo He OCTaBJI.HeT My)l(a B 6e,n;e O,AHHM, XOTSI ITO 3aKOHY OHa He npaBa B 3TOM

,n:ene. IlpHHHMa.H ee HeiiOBHHHOCTb AH,n;peif HHOr,Aa CTapaeTC.H OT})biBaTb ee

114 T . 88 aM 1.Ke, CTJ). .

70

OT ce6~. Ho OHa ern;e 6oJibliie npH6JimKaeTC~ K HeMY B ero HCIIbiTaTeJibHbiH

qac. Y Hee oqeHL cHJibH~ Bepa B TOM, qTo Ka:»<,n~ napa T.e. MY)l( H )l(eHa

CB~3aHbl TaK, qTo6bi pro.n;eJIHTb 06i:Izylo cy.n;b6y, a He IIOKH,ll;aTb .n;pyr .n;pyra

nepe,n: JIHIJ,OM OIIaCHOCTH; H rope H cqaCTbe )l;JI~ 060HX 6biBaiOT 06I.UHMH,

He3aBHCHMO OT TOrO, KTO BHOCHT ero B HX )l(H3Hb, KTO H3 HHX ~BJI~eTC~

HCTOqHHKOM HJIH IIpHqHHOH :noro cqaCTb~ HJIH rop~: («.My;)IC U ;)ICeHa -

oiJHa camaHa»). TaKOBbi ceMeHH~ )l(eHCK~ Mopanb H y6e:»<,neHHe HacTeHbi

npo My)l(a. B caMoM .n;ene AH,n:pell: noHHMaeT, qTo HacTeHa HH B qeM He

BHHOBaTa; TaK H OH roBOpHT ell:. Ho OHa IIpOTHBOpeqaeT, B03pa)l(aeT 3TOMY

B o6pa3e IIOCB~rn;eHHOH )l(eHbi. 0Ha Hao6opOT y6e:»<,naeT ero B TOM, qTo OHa

HeOT,ll;eJIHMO CB~3aHa C HHM H ero cy.n;b60H. fu cy.n;L6a HeOT)l;eJIHMa o6rn;a,

O,[(Ha. 0Ha npHHHMaeT CBOIO BHHY ,ll;a)l(e B ero .n;e3epTHpCTBe, B ero

HacTo~rn;eM 6e.n;cTBHH. He TOJibKO 3TO. B JII06oM ycnoBHH oHa He MO)l(eT

CB~3aTbC~ C qy)l(HM My)l(qHHOH, He MO)l(eT npHH~Tb "f.l,y;}IC020" B ero MeCTe;

oHa He MO)l(eT .n;a)l(e soo6pa3HTb ce6~ c KaKHM-JIH6o .n;pyrHM MY)l(qHHOH.

~UI Hee ee MY)l( Bee H Bblllie BCeX, XOTb KaKHM 6hi npeCTYIIHHKOM OH HH

6biJI, OHa HHKOr.n;a He MO)l(eT IIOHTH K .n;pyroMy My)l(qHHe:

«A eCJIH BOT: CKa)l(eM, eCJIH 6bi ~ Te6~ He JlO)l(,[(aJiaCb, BhiCKaqHBaJia ·

3a .n;pyroro ... rocrronH, o qeM ~ roBopiO! R-To 61>1 HHKOr.lla H He

IIOCMeJia, ~ ... Ha.llO 6biTb BMeCTe, KOf,lla IIJIOXO, - BOT JlAA qero JIIO,llH

CXOMTC~» liS.

HacTeHa- npocT~ HerpaMOTH~ KpecTb~HKa. 0Ha He 3HaeT, qTo B BOeHHbie

fO,ll;hl ,lle3epTHpa He nporn;aiOT. Ho ee MY)l( 3TO TOqHo 3HaeT H II03TOMY ,llJI~

Hero Bee .n;HH Tenepb «..,epHble». HacTeHa c HHM B :noll: ero 6e.n;e. 0Ha

CHOBa H CHOBa YCIIOKaHBaeT ero. llepe.n; JIHIJ,OM OITaCHOCTH OHa He Tep~eT

TepneJ:me, a cosecTbiO pa3Mbillm~eT H pro6HpaeTcB B npo6rreMe. 0Ha

115 TaM )l<e, crp. 101-102. (Tio.n-qepKHyTO MHOil.- C.C.P.)

71

BOTIHyeTC.SI He 3a ce6.SI, a 3a My)l(a. 3TO ee CeMeHHbiH HpaB, qTO CTaBHT ee B

p.SIA nyqrnHx ,no6pbiX )l(eHIUHH. B MHpono:H: nHTepaTYpe )l(eHIUHH ()l(eH)

TaKoro MarnTa6a no o6pa3y HacTeHhi oqeHb Mano. Hey,n;HBHTenbHO, qTo

AH,n;pe:H: Haxo.n;HT yTelliHTenbHoe o6nerqeHHe n ee cnonax. OH na,naeT

nocTo~HHO .n;yxoM H xoqeT ocno6o,n;HTbC.SI oT )I(H3HH. B Tame MOMeHTbi

HacTeua ycno KaHsaeT H yronapHsaeT ero TaK qTo6hi OH He OKOHqHn )I(H3Hb

CaMoy6HHCTBOM, He OCTaBHTI ee O,D;Hy. flpana OHa B 3TOM, llOCKOTibKY llOCTI~

Hero ee )I(H3Hb 6y,n;eT 6ec~enhHa. ,[(.rui TOrO, qTo6bi y6e,n;HTb ero B HX

HeOT)J;E!TIHMOCTH B 3TOH 6e,ne OHa paCCKa3biBaeT eMy C06biTH.SI H3 npornnoro

HX COBMeCTHOH )I(H3HH, HallOMHHaeT eMy KaK OHH )I(HTIH BMeCTe ,npyr B03ne

.npyra, qTo 11 ce:H:qac oH He OAHH, qTo HanepHo ero npocT.SIT. HacTeHa,

"lJT06bi . y6e,nHTb, o6ecneqHTb npaB,D;HBOCTb H npaBOTY CBOHX CTIOB

OllHpaeTC.SI Ha llpHMepax: rOBOpHT He TOTibKO OT ce6.SI, a OT mo,n;eii, OT

MaTepH AOKa3hiBaeT, qTo6bi oH nonepHrr B ee cnona. TaK Bbi.SIBn.SieTc.SI

ocrpbiH pa3yM, 3,n;pasbiH yMCTBeHHbiH cKJia,n; HacTeHhi. He Ka)I(,D;biH

qerroBeK, He Ka)l(,ll;a.SI )l(eHIUHHa o6na,naeT TaKo:H: cnoco6HOCTbiO. 0Ha ,n;n.SI

Hero .SIBJI.SieTC.SI TeM nyqeM, KOTOpbiH llOCTO.SIHHO Be,neT ero ,ll;aJibllie H ·

,narrhrne H3 ero TeMHoro MpaqHoro cymecTnonaHH.SI 6y,n;To n Kono.n~e. 3Ta

,no6po,nyrnHoCTb oTrryqaeT Ka)l(,n;yro noracHesrnyro ero Ha,ne)l()l;y. Tor.na oH

caM OC03HaeT ee 3HaqeHHe ( BO BCeM CBeTe <<He 6blll0 OJlJl Hezo 6a6bl

116 H .. ) 6 nyttUte» , qeM acTeHa An.SI ce .SI KaK H 3HaeT, qTo OH He MO)I(CT

OTllnaqHTb eii ,n;a)l(e OAHY COTHIO TOrO qero OH OOllJICeH111 eif.

B ,neiicTBHTenbHOCTH HacTeHa .nocTOHHa 6orrhrno:H: qecTH, nenHKoro

noqeTa. 0Ha llpi13HaCTC.SI B CBOeM npeCTYllJICHH:tl ce6e. 3TO ee C03HaHHe

,D;aBHT ee T.SI)I(eno. flocne TOrO KaK KOHqHnaCb BORHa ee C03HaHHC CTanO

116 TaM iKe, CTJ). 29. 117 TaM iKe, CTJ). 103.

72

B,ll;BOeM T5DKeJibiM: e:H: CTa.JIO CTbl)];HO npH JIIO,LVIX, 6biJIO HehOBKO nepe.n;

HHMH. E:H: CHJibHO xoqeTC.SI paCKruiTb, ee .zzyrna 6yHTyeT npOTHB Hee )l(e. 0Ha

qyTb He OCy)l(.[l;aeT My)l(a. Ho C.KOpO BCIIOMHHJia, qTo OHa He MO)I(eT

nepeiiJIIOHYTb ero, He MO)I(eT npHHeCTH Bpe.n; eMy, He MO)I(eT IIO,ll;BeCTH ero,

1160 OH "ceou" H <a)a eeOb OHa :JICeHa eMy». PaCKruiHHe, KOTOpoe B30IliJIO B

ee .n;yrne CKOpO ycryrraeT CMHpeHHIO, qTo B CBOIO oqepe,ll;b IIOKa3biBaeT

T.SJTOCTb ee Harypbl. Ho Tenepb e:H: CTa.JIO My)l(a oqeHb )J(a.JIKO.

E:H: nona.n;ano Bee 6oni>rne T.HJKenoe ocKop6neHHe, yJKacHoe HCIIbiTaHHe.

O.n;HaKo oHa He oTcryrrHnacb, H e~e 6onbrne 3a~H~aeT My)l(a. Kor.n;a oHa

CTa.Jia «6p10xamou», aTaMaHOBCKHe JIIO)];H yra,n;aJIH 0 ee MY)I(e: HCXO)l;.H 113 ee

BbiCOKOMOpaJibHOrO xapaKTepa OHH C.LJ;eJiaJIH TOqHbiM BbiBO.LJ;: ,n;e3epTHp,

6erJihiM con.n;aT xo,n;HT r.n;e-To p.s~,n;oM y HHX. Oco6eHHO He ornH6nacb B 3TOM

BJiaCTb. I1TaK, yMHO)I(HJIHCb npo6neMbi HacTeHbi. I1 Kor.n;a I1HoKeHTHM

I1BaHOBHq CKa3aJI e:H:, qTQ OHa 3HaeT, r,n;e CKpbiT AH,n;pe:H:, OHa CTa.Jia

HaCTOpO)I(e, HaCTOpO)I(HJiaCb. 0Ha OTBeTHJia eMy B BpaJK,IJ;e6HOM ,n;yxe

o6H)I(eHHOM )l(eH~HHbi, TaK KaK OHa O~THJia 60JibrnyiO OIIaCHOCTb B ero

CJIOBaX H npHHHMrui T.HrOCTb ero CJIOB HeMe.LJ;JieHHO peUIHJia OCTaHOBHTb ero

B ero noHcKax MY)I(a. 0Ha TYT .n;e:H:cTByeT c npo.SIBJieHHeM 6eccMepTHOH

IIOCB.H~eHHOCTH My)l(y: OHa C npe,n;ynpe)l()l;eHHeM nyraeT ero H yrpo)l(aeT

eMy TaK, qT06bi OH 3aMOJiqaJI H He pacnpOCTpaH.SIJI CJIOBO 0 ee My)l(e cpe,n;H

JIIO.LJ;eH. 0Ha 3Ha.Jia CJia60CTb 3TOrO qeJIOBeKa, H TaK TaKTHqHo KaK XHTpbiH

IIOJIHTHKaH 3aKJIIOqHJia pa3rOBOp C HHM: y,n;apHJia eMy TaM, r,n;e CaM He . .

O)I(H)l;a.JI OT 3TOH IIpOCTOH HeXHTpOH KpeCTb.HHKH. Hac IIOTp.HcaeT ee MeTO)];,

no.n;xo.n; K 3ToMy. BoT .n;o KaKoH: KpaH:HocTH MO)I(eT .n;oifTH pyccKrui

,n;epeBeHCKaH )l(eH~HHa HH npHHHMrui HHKaKHX npe,n;eJIOB pa.LJ;H MyJKa:

73

«-PaJ6Hpa:ikH, p8.36Hpai1:cH, lfuoKeHTHH l1BaHOBHq, ... A H rrmcyna 6.. 6 6 118 rnenuy, qTO pe eHOK-TO, O,li;HaKO, Ha Te H y.lleT TIOXOJlHTb» .

,[(nH 3all.J,HTbi My)l(a HacTeHa OTKaJbiBaeTcH oT co6cTaeuuo:H qecTH, oT

penKoro nocToHHCTBa, BeJIHKoro noqeTa OT mone:H K ce6e. HTaK pa,n;H My)l(a

oua roToaa rrpHHHTb Ha ce6H aenHqaifumH: no3op. Qua roBopHT caMoe

nnoxoe, CTbiJlHOe rrpo ce6H. Ho HHKTO ue aep:HT ee. ,[(nH Toro, qTo6hi cnacTH

My)l(a )l(eHil.J,HHa )l(epTByeT caoeH: )l(eHcKoii qecTbiO. Q.n;naKo, Bee )l(e TYT

TO)I(e ue 6om Kone:u; ee npo6neMaM: oua rrpoxo,n;HT CKB03b crpo:H. Qua

TIOliiJia war arrepe,n; C06CTBeHHOM qecTH: OT TIO)I(epTBOBaHHH qecTH Ha

CaMOTIO)I(epTBOBaHHe, OT CIIaCeHHH My)l(a Ha CaMoy6HMCTBO, OT II030pa Ha

caMoynHqH)I(eHHe, oT BHHbi ua caMooqHil.J,eHHe. HacTeHa He Bhi,n;ana

ue.n;ocToH:uoro MY)I(a, H TaK rro)l(epTaoaana co6o:H. HecoMneuuo ua .n;onro

HacTeHbi Bbmano cTaTb «JJCepmeou, npwtecemwu Ha anmapb

6 . ~ 119 3 0 Uj.eCmBeHHOU MOpanU>> . THM OHa ,li;OK8.3aJia CBOIO TIOCBHil.J,eHHOCTh

My)l(y. CaMOIIO)I(epTBOBaHHe - CaMOe BbiCOKOe KaqecTBO ee xapaKTepa.

3THM H OHa BbiCOKO MOpaJibHa H BeJIHKa.

ConoMH,n;a (« YlleHuija AeeaKJlMa») - ell.J,e o.n;ua )l(eHil.J,HHa KOTopaH 3a

My)l(a IlpOXO,li;HT CKB03b TH)I(eJIOe HCIIbiTaHHe. C TOqKH 3peHHH xapaKTepa H

qHcTonnoTHOcTH, nocBHil.J,eHnocTH H npe.n;auuocTH MY)I(Y ConoMH,n;a -

npeKpaCHbiH i1pMMep CTapoii pyCCKOH ,n;epeBeHCKOH )l(eHil.J,HHbl C pe,n;KHMH

MopanoHbiMH KaqecTBaMH. Ee MY)I( 6om cna6hiM H 6eccHnbHbiM. ,ZJ;aa ro.n;a

oua 6oma «HU OeeKa HU JJCeHa». Ho 3a HeHMeHHeM MY)I(CKOM cHnbl .

· COJIOMH,ll;a He 6pocaeT My)l(a. Qua HH OCKOp6JIHeT HH HeHaBH,li;HT ero 3a

6eccH.rrHe. Hao6opoT, oua ycnoKaHaaeT, yTemaeT ero Kor.n;a-nH6o on

118 TaM )l(e, CTJJ. 199. (Ilo.n.qepKH)'TO MHoit- C.C.P.) 119 feHpHx MHTHH B KH.: B. PacnyTHH. Cos. nHca.: CTJJaH. Taop. C1p. 10.

74

MpaqHeeT H.3-3a caoe:H: Hecnoco6HOCTH.. ConoMH.,n:a coae-ryeT eMy no

pa3HOMy: ,n:yMaTb BCer,n:a nOJIO)l(H.TeJibHO, 6biTb cqaCTJIH.BbiM, «MOllUmbCR

Eo2y», 11.60, no ee MHeHH.IO, MOJIH.TBa - «Bblute 8Ce20», MOJIH.TBOM MO:>KHO

,n:ocT:H.qb «CWlbZ u Myopocmu». 0Ha cqnTaeT, qTo HapyrneHHe cynpy:>KecKoH:

120 0 Bepbl 51BJI51eTC51 npe,n:aTeJibCTBOM, «2peXOM» . Ha npOHHKHOBeHHO BepHa

My)l(y, KpoMe :noro, y Hee eCTb MOryqa51 HCKpeHH5151 CHJia BOJIH. H

HecrH6aeMa51 aepa a :Sora. 0Ha TaK:>Ke ell(e 6oJibiiie aepnT B «E2o cJZoeo» H

OHa Cq:H.TaeT, qTo OHa cnacana My)l(a OT BapaapCKOH TOJillbi HMeHHO C

noMOII(biO «cJZoea Eo2a»; HeCKOJibKO pa3 Jac-rynanacb 3a Hero; H o,n:Ha:>K)l;bi

,n:a:>Ke nO)l;H51Jia ero C «Mepm8020» C noMOII(blO CHJibl «CllOBa Eo2a»,

«no6yowza» ero «CO CMepmw>121

• B 3TOM CMbiCJie ee MO)l(HO Ha3BaTb

"pyccKpu Caeumpu " 122• ,[(eno B TOM, qTo y)l( c ManoneTCTBa B ,n:epeaHe He

JII06HJIH ee My)l(a H qacTO CTpeMH.JIHCb K TOMY, KOr,n:a MO:>KHO 6biJIO HaRTH

ero 6e3 nOMOII(HHKa TaK qT06bi H36HTb ero. ,[(ml TOrO qT06bi HCnyraTb

MaJibqH.KOB OH nOXBaCTaJIC51 H.M no,n:aepraTb CBOero He,n:pyra CTpaiiiHOMY

6e,n:cTBH.IO, nocTaBHTb ero no.n qapaMH. C Tex nop )l(HTbC.SI eM)', H 3aTeM ero

:>KeHe :H. )l,eT.SIM, CTaJIO Tpy)l;HO. 3a 6e,n:y ,n:a 6oJie3Hb, KOTOpbiMH. CTpa)l,aJIH

JIIO)l;H. H. :>KH.BOH H.HBeHTapb BH.HOBaTbiM cqH.TaJIH. ero. O,n:Ha:>K,n:hi, Kor.n.a

HaiiiJIH. ero o,n:Horo Ha pa6oTe OHH. Hell(a)l.HO H.36HJIH. ero HacMepTb H.

6pocHJIH. ConoMH..D.a HaiiiJia ero MepTBbiM Ja KYCTaMH., O:>KH.BH.na ero,

npHBeJna Ha norna.n.H. B .n.epeBHIO. Ho HX ocTaHOBHJIH. IIb.SIHbie MY:>KHKH. c

.n.y6H.HKaMH B pyKaX. 0HH. XOTeJI:H. y6H.Tb ero 3TOT pa3 OKOHqaTeJibHO. C

60JiblliH.M My>KeCTBOM OHa BCTpeTHJia H.X. 0Ha C)l,eJiaJia KpeCT C IIOMOII(biO

nanoqKH H KHyTa, H Ha)l, KpeCTOM 3aBeJia OrOHb. J1 TOJibKO TOr)l,a, KOf)l,a OHa

120 <I>. A6paMos. llponenum ne6e.nu (Ha aHz. RBbJKe). M., «Pa.nyra», 1986r. C'rp. 335. 121 TaM )Ke, crp. 335, 336. (llepeso.n c aHrnuilcKoro Moil.- C.C.P.) 122 B X u "' ~ HHJlHnCKOH MH't'OJIOfHH, Ha OCHOBe 'IHCTOIIJIOTHOCTH CBOero xapaKTepa CaBHTpH 3aCTaBHJia 11aMapa)I)K, 6ora CMepTH, BepHYTh ')KH3Hh K e(! OOKOilHOMy My')Ky.

75

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TOJilla OTCTYTIHJiaC& npOII.J;WI npomeHIDI, o6em;WI HHKOr,n;a He rporaTb ee

My)l(a. CorroMH,n.a 6naropa3)'MHhiii coaeTHHK MY)J(Y· 0Ha oTrr:aqaeTCH

npOHHJJ;aTeJibHOCTbiO, l(eJIOMy,n;pHeM, H BepHOCTbJ9.

My)K y acTa<l>beBCKoH: TiaHH («JlCHbZM JlU dHeM»)- corr.n;aT-HHBa.JIH,n;. OH

aepHYJI'?51 C <)>pOHTa TaKHM, qTo y HHX ceH:qac HHKOr,[(a He MOryT 6biTb

,n;eTeH:. Ee MY)I( oqeHb aonHyeTc.SI, oqeHb crpa.n;aeT oT caoero MYlfHTeJibHoro

HeBbiXO,[(HOrO TIOJIO)I{eHIDI. TyT llaH.SI HrpaeT Ba)f(HYJO pOJib B TOM, qTo ee

MY)K He .n;orr)J(eH MpaqHeTb. H3Haqa.rrbHo, OHa caMa npHHHMaeT noJIO)J(eHHe

My)Ka HecqacTHbJM crryqaeM H corrramaeTc.SI c 3THM He KaK cy,n;b6a HJIH

6eCCHJIHe, a KaK Ha TiaM.SITb 06 y)J(aCHOH BOHHe. 0Ha pa,n;yeTC.SI TOMy, qTO

CepreH: MHrpo<)>aaoaHq xpa6po yqacTBOBa.rr, H no6e.n;a npHHa,n;rre)J(a.rra K

TaKHM )Ke JIIO,[(.siM KaK OH. ,[qJyrHM )J(eHII.J;HHaM OHa He ,n;aeT KpHqHTb Ha

Hero. TiaH.SI acer)l.a ycnoKaHaaeT ero, ,n;rrH Hee ace qTo oH .n;enaeT HpaBHTC.SI

ell; BCe qTO HpaBHTC51 eMy, HpaBHTC51 H eM. 0Ha BCer,n;a rOBOpHT TaK H TO,

qTO MO)KeT HpaBHTbC51 eMy. 0Ha ,[(a)Ke He npOTHB ecJIH HHOr,[(a OH TibeT.

CqacTbe My)l(a - ee cqaCTbe. c 3TOH TOqKH 3peHH.SI IlaH.SI nona.n;aeTH B TOT

)Ke caMbiH pH)]. a KoTopoM Haxo,D;HTCH CorroMH.n;a, Ha.n;H, HacTeHa, AneHa H

.n;p. Ha ocHoBe xapaKTepa )J(eHbi Cepreii MHrpo<l>aHOBHq roaopHT o V

pyccKOH )KeHII.J;HHe BbiCOKO:

«Hama pyccKa.H 6a6a He MO)J(eT 6pocHTb MY)J(a B yaeqbe. 3,n;opOBOrOMO)J(eT, cryJibHYTb, eCJIH HeBTepTie)J(, MO)J(eT, a Ka.JieKy H cHpoTy crroKHHYTb HeT! TioToMy KaK 6a6a Hama ao aeKH aeKoB qeJIOBeK! >) 123•

EerroBCKWI repoMIDI MapH.SI («Ha PoccmaHHOM xoJZMe») .HBJI.SieTc.SI TaKHM )Ke

YHHKa.JibHbiM npHMepOM BeJIHKOH TIOCBHII.J;eHHOCTH, BbiCOKOMOpa.TibHOH

123 B. AcTa<lJbeB. f.D.e-ro rpeMHT sol!Ha. EaKy, «A3epHewep», 1985r. Crp. 432.

76

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CoJIOMH.n;a. 0Ha o6Jia.n;aeT qHcTOIIJIOTHbiM xapaKTepoM. Be MY)I( rrporraJI 6e3

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rrpHWeJI K HeM, l{T06bi OHa )I(HJia C HHM KaK )l(eHa, OHa BblfHaJia ero C

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HeM XOTHT )l(eHHTbCH, TOr.n;a KaK OHa >K)l;eT My)l(a C cppOHTa.

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l{TO HeJib3H: XO)l;HTb «no ZYllRHKaM oa o¢u1Jepo6 3a3bl6amb, KOZOa MYJIC

XBOpbZU» 126•

124 <l>.A6paMOB. ,ZJ;ep. KOHH. Grp. 72. 125 <1>. A6paMos. ,ZJ;epeBHHHbie KOHH. CTp. 122. 126 TaM *e, CTp. 62.

77

HacTaCb5I BepcTaKoaa («llepeea.Jl») Haxo,LU1TC5I, no cpaBHeHMIO xapaKTepa B

KaqecTBe )l(eHbi, a rrponiBopeqMM c pacrryrMHCKOH HacTacoeH:. 3Ta

acTa4>oe·acKa5I Mono,na51 pyccKa5I .nepeaeHcKM )l(eH:mMHa 51BIDieTc51

HeceMeHHbiM qenoaeKoM. K MY)I(Y oHa OTHOCMTC51 oqeHh rpy6o. 0Ha He

yBa)l(aeT My)l(a, qaCTO CC0p11TC.SI C HMM. 0Ha )l;OBOJibHa HM CeMbeH HM

coce.n;aMH. My){<a oHa Ha3biBaeT «nepcmyHoM». Kor.na-nM6o OH 6oiBaeT

.n;oMa oHa HerrpeMeHHO ccopMTC51 c HaM. QqeHb qacTo oHa HaroaapaaaeT Ha

Hero, 06BI1H5IeT ero B TOM, qro OH 3ary6MJI ee «.MOJlOOOCmb», qTO OH

BHHOBaT 3a ee )l(aJIKYIO cy )l;o6y, 3a TO qTo OHa BhiHY)I()l;eHHa )I(MTb B

.n;epeaHe. 0Ha xoTena rrepeexaTh B ropo.n;, HO eli He y.nanoch B 3TOM .n;ene,

IIOTOMY qTO )l(eHMJIC51 Ha HeM OH, ,nepeBeHCKI1H, a He ropo,nCKI1H. 0Ha TaK)I(e

cyeaepHM )l(eHI.ll;I1Ha, oT qero TO)I(e ee rrpo6neMbi B ceMhe M c coce.n;aMM.

EenoBCKM ToH51 3opMHa ( «BocnumaHue no ooKmopy CnoKJl») 51BJI.HeTc51

.npyraM rrpHMepoM TaKo:H: Mono,noii )l(eHbi KaK HacTaCh51 BepcTaKoBa. 0Ha

TaK )l(e oqeHb qacTO CCOpiiTC.SI C My)l(eM. 0Ha JIMIIIeHa cep,neqHOCTH, He

crroco6Ha ni06HTb niO,n;eH:. 0Ha acer.na o6BIIH51eT MY)I(a B ttepcmeocmu, B

Heyaa)l(eHHH K )l(eHI.ll;HHaM, B oo.MocmpoeBUf-UHe127; o6BIIH51eT ero B

.necrroTII3Me; a ecnii OH .nenaer KaK oHa xoqeT, TO oHa pyraeT ero 3a TO qTo

oH cnyiiiaeTC5I ee. 0Ha qacTo yrrpeKaeT ero B omcmcuwcmu, Kor.n;a oH

crropiiT c He:H: o mo6eu u ce.Mbe. Eli HpaBIITC51 «npecJleooeaHue», qTo

3a6aBJnleT ee, JlbCTMT ee «2pO.MaOHblX pa3Mep08 Ca.MOJl106UlO». 0Ha

pa,nyeTC51 3TOMy, eli 3a6aBHO: «8Jl106JleHbl 8 Hee».

0Ha cqiiTaeT qTO )l(eHI.ll;HHa )l;OJI)I(Ha 6oiTb «CB0600HOtl» II «He3a8UCUMOU». V"

Ho oHa rroHIIMaeT 3TH cnoaa oqeHb y3KO. Tio3TOMY oHa pa3Benaco c

3opiiHbiM II BbiiiiJia "no Jl106Bu" 3a .n;pyroro. K HecqacThlO, c HOBhiM MY)I(eM

127 TT x. «....,.oMOC1'pOn» - npoH3Be,lJ.eHHe pyccKoti JIHTepaT)'phi XVI seKa, CBO.ll. >KHTeitCKHX npasHJI H

HaCTaBJieHHH.

78

TO)Ke oHa «pyzaemcJl t~ymb flU He t~epe3 OeHb». EeJIOB TOHKO noKa3biBaeT,

t{TO OHa OCB06o,nHJiaCb OT «C06eCmU», CUUla He3aBHCHMOH OT

~ 128 0 ... 6 .. ~ «MamepUHCK020 u0Jl2Q» . T ee Ha,D;MeHHOCTH H emeHCTBa ee CTapOH

. p .. ? 129 T · MaTepH TO)Ke HeJIOBKo, ropbKO: « a3Be 3mo;wy Jl ee yt~wza. » . OHSI nycTa

130 0 · I~ scero cBemllozo u CBJlmozo., JJCeHcmBeHHocmu, MamepuHcmBa . Ha "' ~- -

HHt{eM He ,D;OBOJibHa. 0Ha BCer,na oropqaeTCH TO no O,D;HOMY TO ITO ,npyroMy

nOBO,ny. )l.eJIO B T.OM, t{TO H B HOBOH CeMbe TO)Ke OHa npO,D;OJI)KaeTCH

ccopHTbCH TaK )Ke 3a nycTHKH, He mo6HT H HOBoro MY)Ka. 0Ha caMa He ....,·

3HaeT qero OHa HI.UeT, H KaK OHa MO)KeT ,D;OCTHt{b CeMeHHOrO cqacTbH. EeL.--""

MY)!( MHoro CTpa,naeT H3-3a ee JIO)KHbiX B3rJIH,D;OB. OH ropbKO MbiCJIHT, t{TO

«3MaHcunatfWV> - npuoyMaHHaR BelJib, TaK KaiC OHa 3apaHee npe,nnonaraeT

cymecsosaHHe HepaBeHcmBa. 3To «npecmyfl!leHue», n6o, .nyMaeT oH, rriO,nn ,....

,neJIHTC:H «BCec 0 JlUutb HQ Oo6pblX U 3JlblX», a HeJib3H npOTHBOnOCTaBJIHTb HX

no «JJCymT<OU cxeMe»: MY)KliHHa- )KeHIUHHa. «YMHblX u oypaKOB» cpe.nn --· MY)Kt{HH CTOJibKO )Ke, cKOJibKO cpe,nH )KeHIUHH.

AcTacpbeBcKaH repoHHSI MoKpa.na («Cmapooy6») B 3TOM pH,ny TaK)Ke ..,

nJIOXaH pyccKaH ,nepeBeHCKaH )KeHIUHHa. 0Ha )l;Ot{b CTapOBepa-ycTaBIUIIKa, II

,neHCTB~'eT KaK ycTaBIUHK nocrre OT:u;a; TaK OHa nOJib3yeTCH 'cJieTibiM'

ysa)KeHIIeM y BapBapCKHX O,D;HOCeJibt{aH, ,D;a)Ke y My)Ka. <l>aecpaH, ee My)!(,

TO)Ke npiiHHMaeT ee 3TY n03HIJ;HIO CTIOKOHHO. )l.eJIO B TOM, t{TO OHa

HaCJie,D;CTBOBaJia 6JlQCmb OT OT:U:a, TIOJib3yeTCH a6COJIIOTHbiM HapO,D;HbiM

.nosepneM. CyesepHwif Hapo.n noKopHo .na nocrrymHo se,neT ce6H nepe.n

HeiO. K MY)KY oHa OTHOCHTCH 6e3 BCHKoro noqeTa. Ha caMOM .nene oHa

60UTCH My)Ka, KaK 6oHTCH ero H ,npyrae CTapoBepbi, TIOTOMY t{TO OH

128 Bacrumii .6enos. TiosecTH. PaccKaJbi. QqepKH. M., «PyccKHii R3biK», 1989r. C'rp. 288. 129 TaM lKe, CTP. 281. 130 A. Kapnos a :noii lKe KHHre. CTP.l2.

79

Hesep)'IOI.IJ;HH: He npHHHMaeT HHKaK)'IO sepy - CTapyiO HJIH HOB)'IO . ......­

MoKpH.n;a s .n;eiicTBHTeJihHOCTH - KosapHa H 3aMhiCJIOBaTa, «6ecoecKu

xumpa U CKpbima». 3TO ee CKpbiTrul Hazypa, l.JTO CaM Cl>ae<t>aH TOl.JHO ee He

llOHHMaeT. Co csoe:H: :noM 3ara.n;Ol.JHOH Hazypo:H: OHa HBJIHeTCH eme 6onee

onaCHOH, DOTOMY l.JTO He Cpa3y «pacn03Haetub, llmo y Hee Ha Oytue» 131•

qenoseK c TaKoH: HaTypoH: MO)I(eT OKa3aThCH ol.JeHb spe.n;oHOCHhiM. B

.n;aHHOM cnYl.Jae 3TO eme 6onee onacHo, noToMy l.JTO MoKpH.n;a cnerro

HCllOJim.IeT CTaposepcKHe ycTOH H «cyeBepue oa OpeBJZeometJeCK.Ue ycmou

He 3Ha10m :JICaJZocmw>. K TOMY )l(e, KaK O)I(H,LlaeTcH, OHa 3noynoTPe6IDieT

snacTb H Hapo.n;Hoe .n;osepHe. Ee MY)I( Ha.n;eHeTCH Ha cnaceHHe s 6e.n;y e10

npHeMbiiiJa, KynThiiiia. BoneH: HesoneH: eMY HY)I(HO 6biJIO 3To sepHTh s Hee:

npHl.JHHhi ol.JeBH.z:lHhi. Ho oHa OKa3anach eMy HeBepHOH n 3TOM .n;ene. BMecTo

Toro, \no6bi «o6opoHumb» npHeMhiiiia, oHa caMa l.JYTh-l.JYTh He nocnana ero

Ha oroHh. TaK O)I(H,LlaHHH My)l(a MoKpH.n;a MHroM coKpynmna

npe.n;aTeJihCKH. 3TOT ee sapsapcKHH npOCTYDOK llOKa3biBaeT, l.JTO OHa He

l.JeJIOBI~K, TaK KaK l.JeJIOBel.JHOCTb 3Hal.JHT I.IJ;a,[lHTb, COl.JYBCTBOBaTb,

3ai.IJ;HI.IJ;aTh. KynhTbiiiiY npHIIIJIOCh cxopoHHTh ee My)l(a s necy, H6o oHa

.n;yMaeT l.JTO ee MY)I( MO)I(eT «nozaHUmb» .n;epeseHCKOe KJia.n;6HI.IJ;e. BoT

llOl.JeMy aBTOp Ha3biBaeT ee <<JZIOmOU cmapoeepKOU»132.

TyT )l(e Knas.n;HH cosepiiieHHO OTJIHl.JaeTCH OT cseKposH, MoKpH.z:lhi: oHa

COBCeM .n;pyrrui pyCCKrul .n;epeseHCKrul )l(eHI.IJ;HHa B 3TOH )l(e CeMbe.

KnaB,[lH51 He 6biJia H3 cna6hiX. Kor.n;a MY)I(HKH 6HJIH ee OTIJ;a 3a TO, .l.JTO OH He ) r J

~rt....bf(,.. C06JIIO,[laJI Bepy, He MOJIHJIC51, OHa He MOrJia TepneTb TaKoro DpHTeCHeHHH H

IIOIIIJia Ha HHX C TOIIOpOM B pyKaX, Bbl3b1Brul CTpax y HHX B cep.n;u;ax. C TeX

131 B. AcracpbeB. Co6paHHe cotJHHeHHH a 4-x TOMax. T.l. M., «MonoAruJ raapAIDI», 1979r. Crp. 44. 132 TaM )!(e, crp. 67.

80

110p ee 3BaJIH <U)UKOtV>. KJiaB,D;IDI HHKOr,D;a He BbiHOCHJia He3aCny)KeHHOe eiO

OCKop6neHHe - HH OT KOrO. Pa,n;H cnpaBe,D;JIHBOCTH OHa MOrna 6bi

3aczynaTbCH 3a JII06oro qenoBeKa. B CBOHX OTHOIIIeHIDIX K JIIO.IJ;HM OHa ~..--­

oqeHb .n;o6pa H ToqHa. 0Ha oqeHb rop,n;aH )KeH~HHa. Y Hee ecTb CHJibHoe

qyBCTBO CaMOyBa)KeHHH. 0Ha Be)KJIHBaH H qeCTHaH )KeH~HHa. 0Ha oqeHh \

ysa)KaeT rrpHpo.n;y H oKpy)KaiOIIzyiO ee cpe.n;y. 0Ha xopomo 3HaeT Tae)I(HbiH

3aKoH. ,[l,on)KeH 3HaTb H rroHHMaTb ero cepbe3HO H MoKpH.D;HH CbiH AMoc,

H60, BO-rrepBbiX, OH CbiH OXOTHHKa; BO-BTOpbiX, CaM TO)Ke Tae)I(HbiH )KHJieU;

ao-TpeTbHX, oHa KaK 6naropa3yMHaH )KeHa qacTo rrpe.n;yrrpe)K,n;aJia ero o

rrocne;~cTBHHX He3aKOHHOH oxoTbi. OH 3HaJI 3TOT «HenucaHHblU» 3aKoH

TaHrH, XOpOlliO 3HaJI H TO qTo 3a Ka3Hb 3apa6aTbiBaeT TOT, KTO ocnyrnaeTCH

ero. Knas.n;HH no3TOMY qacTo soneyeTCH 3a Hero. 0Ha TaK )Ke 3HaeT, qTo

KynTbilli, KOr.n;a-TO B Hee BJII06JieHHbiH H ceiiqac ee ,n;esepb, Brrpase Ka3HHTb

HapyrnHTen», ocnyrnHHKa Tae)I(Horo 3aKOHa. CaMbiH MaJieHbKHH rrpHroBop

3a ero ocnyrnaHHe - cMepTb. Ho AMoc He rrpHHHn cnosa )KeHbi cepbe3HO.

I1o3TOMY OHa 3a6eCIIOKOHJiaCb, KOr.n;a OH TaHHO IIOTepHJICH.

TyT rrpOHBJIHeTcH Ta rrpeKpacHaH qepTa xapaKTepa 3TOH pyccKoH

.n;epeBeHCKOH )KeH~HHbl 3a KOTOPYJO ee MO)KHO npH3HaTb cnpaBe,ll;JIHBOH,

qeCTHOH B CBOHX OTHOllieHHHX K ,n;pyrHM. 11HTepeCHbiM nonyqaeTCH TYT

crrop Me)K.n;y Knas.n;Heii H KynTbillieM - .n;asHo c.n;enaHHbiMH "cy.n;b6o:H:"

IIY:>KHMH, HO IIOKa e~e BJII06JieHHbiMH .n;pyr B ,n;pyra, ceiiqac qneHaMH

o.n;Hoii ceMbH - o TOM, qTo Ha.n;o HaRTH rrporrasmero s Taiiry ee My:>Ka.

KyJIThllll - KOpeHHbiH CH6HpHK H HaCTOH~HH Tae)I(HbiH OXOTHHK. A

KnaB,ll;IDI XOTb TO)Ke CH6HpHqKa, HO «Bce-maKU 6a6a, Ca.MClJl 06blKH08eHHClJl

6a6a»133

• I1o3ToMy oHa npocHT KynTbiiiia Haii:TH AMoca B Taiire. Ho, TOT

133 TaM )!(e, Clp. 100.

81

6biJI o6tnKeH TeM, qTo AMoc yrnen Ha Ta:Hry Ta:HHo, BopoBCKH. Ero o6H,7J;a H

pasHo)J;yruHe K cnosaM KnaB,!I;HH He 6e3 npHqHHbi. OH ,!l;aeT sH,!I; 6y)J;TO

HHqero He CJibiiiian oT Hee. Tio:noMY oHa qyTh He ynpeKaeT ero:

«CH)J;eJI BCIO )I(H3Hb B Taifre CH,!I;HeM, MHJIOSaJIC.SI C TaHrOH,

l(eJIOSaJIC.SI C rreHb.SIMH, H caM KaK neHh H CTaJI - HH cep,!l;l(a, HH

n .. 6 134 pa3yMeHb.SI. pHllleJI, S3 aJiaMyTHJI ... » .

TyT OHa )l(aJiyeTC.SI Ha TO, qTO OH He )l(eHHJIC.SI Ha HeM H3-3a CBOero

ysneqeHH.SI Ta:Hro:H. BepHo, sepHync.SI 6bi OH c Ta:HrH sospeM.SI, To )l(eHHJIC.SI

6bi Ha He:H. 11 oHa Tal()l(e 6biJia 6bi cqacTJIHBa. E~e 6onbme, 3THMH cnosaMH

OHa xoqeT nepe,!l;aTb eMy, qTo 6y~H B O,!I;HOH CeMhe, T.e. COSCeM p.SI,!I;OM y

Hee, OH Bcer)J;a Bbl3biBaJI KaK)'IO-TO Tpesory B HeH, He ,!l;aBaJI TaKHM o6pa30M

e:H CI10KOHHO )I(HTb, qTo OH HapoqHO H36e)l(aJI OT Hee H TaK 6poCHJI ee K

AMocy. 3To 6biJIO s npomnoM. Ho, oHa no,!l;qepmBaeT, ce:Hqac oHa

CeMeHHa.SI )l(eH~HHa H rrpHHa,!I;Jie)I(HT K ,!l;pyrOMY, 3TO ee HaCTO.SI~ee.

Cero,!I;H.SI oHa xoqeT SbiCKa3aTbC.SI eMy see, qTo KHrreno y Hee B cep,!l;u;e see

3TH rO,!I;bl, )l(aJIOSaTbC.SI Ha Hero, qTo TOT KTO e~e JII06HT ee, BHHOBaT 3a ee

HecqacTbe, 3a ee T.SI)I(enyiO, HecqacTJIHB)'IO )I(H3Hb. CTPaHHO, OHa oTqeTJIMBO

rrepe,!l;aeT, qTo HecMOTP.SI HH Ha qTo oHa ,!J;OJI)I(Ha 3a~HTHTb MY)I(a oT Hero,

H60 OH H TObJIKO OH Brrpase Ka3HHTb ero. KJiaB,!I;HH I10Ka3aJIOCb, qTo 3p.S1 OHa

Bee 3TO CKa3aJia eMy, 6y,!I;TO B B03,7J;yx 6pocana CJIOBa, H60 OHa He llOJiyqHJia

O)I(H,!I;aHHbiH OTKJIHK oT Hero. Tio3TOMY OHa Ha,!l;ena MY)I(Hl(KHe mTaHbi,

JiqHrH H T.TI. H ITO,!I;rOTOBHJiaCb ITOHTH Ha TaHry B ITOHCKax nponaBmero

My)l(a, 3a qeM OHa noTPe6osana py)l(b.SI OT Hero. I1 rrpH6asHJJa eMy

134 TaM lKe, c-rp. 100.

82

rrocne,nHee, qTo6hi o6w,neTb ero, ,nn.SI Toro qTo6hl oH noma.nnn AMoca:

P .. .;. ... ' .;. "' . "'' 135 « y:JK:be uaeau ... He uyMC1Jla, ttmo mbz maKou 3llOnaMJlmHblU. » .

KnaB.[(H.SI He XOTeJia TaKOe CKa3aTb: OHa 3HaeT, qTo OH He TaKoli KaKHM OHa

ero o6b.SIBHJia. Pa.nn no6y)K,neHH.SI coqyacTBH.SI ce6e B HeM oHa xoTena

noManeHhKO o6M,neTh ero. K TOMY )l(e, y Hee .npyroro cnoaa, KOTOpbiM oHa

Morna 6hl yroaopHTh ero HJIH )l(e HarosopHTh Ha Hero He 6nmo!

0H BCe-TaKH He y,neJI.SieT HHKaKoe BHHMaHMe Ha ee ,npa3HMTeJibHbie CJIOBa H

.naeT eli noH.SITh, qTo eli He cne.nyeT nponacTb a Taliry . pa3 ee MY)l(

.nypaqecKH noTep.Sinc.SI TaM. OH TaK)l(e nepe.nan eli, qTo .[(JI.SI AMoca Tenepb

He MO)l(eT 6hiTb HHKaKoro cnaceHH.SI: ecnH ,na)l(e cnacaeTc.SI OH c Talirn

qy,noM, TO Tae)l(Hblli 3aKOH ero He llO)l(aJieeT, He llOI.I.J;a.[(HT: ero )l(,[(eT

CMepTeJihHa.SI Ka3Hb. l1 TO Oll.SITb OT Hero )l(e, KOTOpOrO OHa llOCbiJiaeT

cnacTH ero. O,nHaKo, Knaa,nH.SI cornarnaeTc.SI 3a Tae)l(Hbiii 3aKoH, Ho cnopHT

C HHM, t.ITO HeT 3aKOHa 110 KOTOpOMy MO)l(HO OCTaBHTb qenoBeKa B Jiecy, B

6e,ne. 3THM CBOHM apryMeHTOM OHa xoqeT HallOMHHTb eMy 0 HeM )l(e, KOr,na

ero cnac ee My)l(, Kor.na oH noTep.SIJic.SI a Talire. Tor.na oHa oqeHb

aonHoaanacb 3a Hero, H nocnan:a My)l(a a ero noncKax . .l(mi Hee .neno He a

ToM, qTo AMoc - My)l(, H KynTbiili - spar MY)l(Y HJIH amo6neHHbiii a Hee. He

COBCeM. Hao6opOT, .[(JI.SI Hee o6a OHH- ,[(Ba 6paTa KaK 6bi pO.[(HbiX, JIIO.[(M H3

O.[(HOii ceMbH. TI03TOMY ee B3BOJIHeHH.SI 3a o60HX onpaa.naHbi, BllOJiiie

yMeCTHbi. TyT OHa :JIC e H UJ U H a - HH )l(eHa HH JII06HMa, a Ta, KOTOpa.SI

xoqeT COXpaHHTb 3TY CeMblO, B KOTOpoli eli 6biJIO TaK 60JibHO,

yHM)l(HTeJibHO. TyT oHa acnoMHHJia o caoeM nepe.noaoM oTaeTcTBeHHOM

CeMeHHOM .[(OJire, 0 )l(eHCKOH OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH, 0 qeJIOBeqecKOii __..,..

06.SI3aHHOCTH: 6y,nh qTo 6y,neT, HO CeMb.SI 3TOii pyccKOii ,nepeaeHCKOH

135 TaM :>Ke, crp. 101.

83

)J(eHI.IJ;IIHbl )l;OJI)J(Ha COXpaHMTbC.SI IJ.eJIMKOM, eCJIM ,ll;a)J(e 3a 3TO eif rrpn,n;eTC.SI

rrorn6HyTb. B KOHU.e KOHIJ.OB CBOeH peWMTeJibHOCTblO OHa 3aCTaBMJia

ITOCJiaTb KyJITbiiiia B Taifry M TaM >Ke CM.SIPIMJiaCb 6y,n;TO 6bi HMqero M He

6bmo, n rrorrpocnna rrpom;eHM.SI 3a 3JIO.SI3biqne. 3HaqnT, oHa He 6bma

3JIOHaMepeHHa, Kor,n;a oHa .SI3hiKOM BhiKaqnaana 3JIO He y,n;ep>KaB ce6.SI. H

rro>Kenana eMy acero xopowero B ero nyTn: «Hy, c 6ozoM! Cmynau y;J~C/

1:' 6 " 6 6 .. A 136 .a a uu Jl3blK u a bU Clle3bl 6 uelle He noM.exa ... » .

KynThiiii BbiiTOJIHMJI cao.H ceMeHHhiH ,n;onr no yKaJaHMIO Knaa,n;nn. OH

rrpnaeJ rpyn AMoca a ,n;epeBHJO. CyeaepHbiH aapaapcKMH ,n;epeaeHCKMH

Hapo,n; o6BMHMJI ero Ja rn6eJih CbiHa «Mamepu MoKpUObl» M 6hiJI roTOB

y6MTh ero. Em;e pa3 Knaa,n;nn npnwnocb aoccTaTb a Jam;nry ,n;o6poro

qeJIOBeKa. 3aTeM e:H npMlilJIOCb MCITOJIHMTb CBOH llOCJie,D;HMH ceMeHHblH ,D;OJir

em;e KOr,n;a TOT, KTO JI106MJI ee BCIO >KM3Hb M 06HMMaTb KOTOporo OHa

HMKOr,n;a He MMeJia rrpaaa, CKOHqaJIC.SI B TaHre CTIOKOHHO: OHa CXOpOHMJia ero

,n;aneKo OT cTapoo6p.SJ,n;qecKoro ,n;epeBeHcKoro KJia.n;6nm;a. Y Hee

coxpaHMJIOCb a cep,n;u.e He>KHhie qyacTBa ,n;JI.SI Hero, XOT.SI oHa acer.n;a

rrpnHa,n;ne>Kana, TeJioM M ,n;yiiio:H, K o,n;HOMY My>KqMHe. TaK Knaa,n;n.s~ acer,n;a

HaXO,D;MJiaCb B CJIO>KHbiX ceMeHHbiX OTHOWeHM.SIX. B KaqeTBe BeJIMKOfO

,n;o6po,n;yiiiHoro qenoaeKa oHa Ja ceMhlO c,n;enana ace, qTo JIJ06oMy

qenoaeKy rronaraeTc.SI coaepwMTh pa,n;n 6nara ceMbH. Y crrena c,n;enaTb 3TO

OHa npeKpaCHO B 3TOM cypOBOM, cyeaepHOM MMpe, KOTOpbiH OTH.SIJI y Hee

ee BeJIMKYID Jil060Bb, KOTOpbiH BCer,n;a CTpam;aJI ee, cym;eCTBOBaJI TOJibKO Ja

ocym;eCTBJieH Me CBOMX TIO)l;JibiX MeJIKMX MHTepeCOB, MMp KOTOpblH HMKOr,n;a

He 3HaJI MaJieHIIIY£0 6naro,napHOCTb ,n;o6poMy qy>KOMY qeJIOBeKy

136 TaM )!(e, crp. 101.

84

OT,lJ;aBrneMy Bee CBOe nyqrnee H TIOMOraBilleMY MHOrO p33 3TOMY MHpy,

I<Of,[J;a OH CTO.SIJI Ha rpaHH HCrpe6JieHH.SI.

(<Cmapooy6» - BeJIHKa.SI 6biJIHHHa.SI JII060BHa.SI CK33Ka. 3TO BeJIHKOe ~

acTacpbeBCKOe IIpOH3Be,[J;eHHe CTOHT HHOfO KpyiiHOfO KJiaCCHKa. 06p33

KJiaB,[J;HH, npOCTO,lJ;YillHOH pyccKOH ,[!;epeBeHCKOH )l(eH~HHbi, ,[J;OqepH

Oe,[J;Horo CaiiO)I(HHKa, npe,[J;aHHOH MY)I(Y H CeMbe, '- HCKpeHHeif K

BJU06JieHHOMy, CMeJIOH H BepHOH )l(eHbi TIOBbiiiiaeTC.SI Ha ypoBeHb mo6oro

I<JiaCCHqecKoro o6p33a )l(eH~HHbl B MHpOBOH JIHTeparype. l<JiaB,[J;H.SI - oqeHb

MOryqHH H IIOBJIH.SITeJibHbiH xapaKTep pyccKOH ,[J;epeBeHCKOH )l(eH~HHbl.

0Ha CaMa B ce6e BOTIJIO~eHHe )KeHCTBeHHOCTH, BepHOCTH, HCKpeHHOCTH H

coqyBCTBHTeJibHOCTH, OT3biBqHBOCTH B O,[J;HOM qeJIOBeKe.

CTapa.SI pyccKa.SI ,[J;epeBeHCKa.SI )l(eH~HHa, B 6oni>IIIHHCTBe cnyqaeB qeM

HHKOf,[J;a, Ka:K 6a6yiiiKa .SIBJI.SieTC.SI ,[J;06pb1M qeJIOBeKOM, TIOJIO)I(HTeJibHbiM

rrepcoHa)l(eM pyccKoif JIHTepaTypi>I. B 3TOM p.SI,[!;y OT ,n;epeBeHcKoif npo3I>I

rrpe,[!;JJaraeM TaKHe npHMepi>I KaK KaTepHHa Ile1pOBHa («IlocneoHuu

nOKJZOH»), 6a6yiiiKa fubKH («Jlepe6a!l»), H ,[!;pyrHe.

06p33 KaTepHHI>I IlerpoBHI>I, 6a6yiiiKH MaJieHI>Koro nHpHqecKoro

repo.SI «6blcoKono:JmutteH»137. Ea6yiiiKa - 3HeprHqHa.SJ, CHJII>Ha.SI, no,[J;qac

CBOeHpaBHa.SI CTapa.SI pycCKa.SI ,[!;epeBeHCKa.SI )l(eH~HHa, 0Ha JII06HT BCeMH

pyKOBO,[J;HTb; 3a TO ee B CeMbe IIp03biBalOT «ZeHepClllOM». 0,[J;HaKO 3TO ee

)l(eJiaHHe BepXOBO,[J;HTb Bbi3BaHO «He Ca.MOoypcm60M WlU KanpU30M» 138 (KaK

y MoKpH,[J;I>I HJIH HacTaCI>H BepcTaKoBo:H), a ,lJ;OBepqHBI>IM y6e)l(.n;eHHeM B

CBOeH 6naro,[J;e.SITeJibHOH npaBOTe OCHOBaHHOH Ha 6oraTeHIIIeM )KH3HeHHO·\I .

OIIbiTe yHaCJie,ZJ;oBaHHOM e10 rryTeM rrpeeMCTBeHHOCTH, Ha crpeMJieHHH

137 A.H. Ky3hMHH. nosecTh KaK JKaHp mneparypbi. M., «3HaHHe», 1984r. CTp. 88. 138 TaM IKe, CTp. 88.

85

.n;erraTb .n;o6po. Hey.n;HBHTeJibHO, qTo 6a6yiiiKa oqeHb xopoiiio pa36HpaeTc» B .

JIIO,l(HX. 0Ha XOTH CHHCXO,l(HTeJibHa K HX nopoKaM H CJia60CTHM, HO

o.n;HoBpeMeHHO noTpe6oBaTeJibHa · ,l(a cTpora. 0Ha YMeeT HaKa3aTb H

npHJracKaTh BHyKa, rrry6oKo npoHHKaTb B ncHXorromro mo6oro qerroBeKa. B

o6pa3e 6a6yiiiKH KaTepHHbi IleTpOBHbi aBTop npo,l(OJI)KHJI rarrepe10

nopTpeToB pyccKoii ,l(epeBeHcKoii' )KeHII.J;HHbi oT ApHHbi Po.l(HOHOBHbi

IlyiiiKHHa ,l(O fuhHHHqHbl lliOJIOXOBa. 3HaHHH 3THX «XpaHUmellbHU'tj

A v A 139 HapouHou Myupocmw> noqepnHyThi H3 ThicxqeneTHero onbiTa Hapo,l(a.

~aJieHbKHH JIHpJiqeCKHH repoii BOCTipHHHJI OT 6a6yiiiKH BeJIHKYJO

HapO,ll;HYJO My,n;pOCTb H CTaparrcx )KHTb B COOTBeTCTCBHH C HeiO. Ea6yiiiKa.

6ecnopoqHO noyqaeT BHyKa JII06BH K pO,l(HHe («POOHYIO 3eMJl10

nollumaume»).

Ea6yiiiKa 140

fuhKH TO)Ke TaKoii )Ke xopoiiiHH ,n;o6po,n;yiiiHbiH qerroBeK.

y MaJib'l!HKa B )KHBbiX He OCTaJIOCb MaTepH. Ho 6a6yiiiKa 3aHHJia ee MeCTO H

Hed!T BCe 06H3aHHOCTH H OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha ce6e. 0Ha BO. MHOfOM

3a60THTCH 0 BeyKe; HayqHJia ero MHOfOMY xopoiiieMY ,n;a TIOJie3HOMY B

)KH3HH. Ilo3TOMY OHa 3aHHMaeT 3Ha'lJ:MTeJibHOe MeCTO B ero MbiCJIHX H

BOCTIOMHHaHHHX. B fOJIO,ll;HbiH ro,n; 6a6yiiiKa OCTaBHJia rrry6oKHM

HeH3rna,l(HMbiM CJie,l( Ha ,ll;YlliY MaJib'l!HKa. B TOM KaTaCTpO<i>HqecKOM ro,n;y B

CH6HpH yMep MHoro rrro.n;e:H: oT rorro,l(OBKH. Ho 6a6yiiiKa c6oponacb npoTHB

rorro.n;BKH 3a )KH3Hb BHyKa H He c,n;aBarrach cMepTH. Ha caMOM .n;erre 6a6yiiiKa

cnacrra MaJib'l!HKa CBOHM BeJIHKHM TIO)KepTBOBaTeJibHbiM xapaKTepOM. J1

TaK, B KOHI~e KOH~OB CHpOTCKOMY MaJibqHKY y.l(aJIOCb Bbi)KHTb )KYTKOe

Hapo.n;Hoe 6e,l(CTBHe 6naro,n;apx cBoeii 6a6yiiiKe: 6a6yiiiKa caMa rono.n;arra, a

BHyKa He OCTaBJIHJia fOJIO,l(HbiM:

139 TaM )l(e, CT)J. 88. 140 AaTop He HMeHyeT :ny cao10 repoHHJO.

86

«,[(a H KaK He BhDKHTh? na6yiiiKa He p;aCT yMepeTh. 0Ha, 6a6yiiiKa, u~ 141

faMa He C'beCT- .l'JJihKe OTp;aCT>> .

Ea6yun<:a He BoJmyeTCH o ce6e, cBoe:H )l(H3HH, a 3a6oTHTC» o BeyKe, pHcKYeT

CBOIO )l(lf3Hh: KaK 6hi peiiiHMOCThiO OHa CTOHJia nperpa,D;OH CMepTH H He

.n;ana e:H B3HTh, noxHTHTh BHyKa OT ce6.SI. B 3TOM 6a6yiiiKHHOM nocTynKe

Jii306pa)l(aeTCH 6onhiiiaH )l(epTBa, TH)l(enoe JiiCTihiTaHHe, BhiCOKOMOpanhHhiH

ryMaHH3M. Ea6yiiiKa nochmaeT ero B IIIKony c 6onhiiieii 3a6oTnHBOCThiO .n;a

BHHMaTeJihHOCThiO. 0Ha rOTOBHTCH ero K TOMY C BOCTOprOM H

TOp)KeCTBeHHO TIO-CBOeMy, 6y,D;TO 6bl Ha npa3,ll;HHK. 0Ha CaMa

co6CTBeliHOp)'liHO CIIIHJia eMy cyMKY H py6axy H3 CBOero IIIHpOKOyiiJ;ero

cTaporo nepe.n;HHKa, CIIIHna IIITaHhi H3 106KH ero noKOHHOH MaTepH.

oa6yiiiKa BCTynaeT B ponh MaTepH: OHa Haqana )'liHTh I1.nhKY CMepTH y)l(e

Tor.n;a, Kor.n;a OH He nocTHran )l(H3HH, Kor.n;a oH He 3Han qTo TaKoe cqacThe,

oHa yqHT ero c Bhi30BOM npHHHMaTh H TepneTh rope. Ea6yiiiKa noBena ero

Ha Kna.n;6HIIJ;e, r.n;e ne)l(ana ero MaTh. Y MOrHJihi MaTepH ManhqHKY BnepBhie

TIOKa3anOCh, qTo ero MaTh HHKOr.n;a He BepHeTCH. A 6a6yiiiKa CTORJia pH,ll;OM

y Hero KaK BeqHoe MaTepHHCKOe HBJieHHe MOIIJ;HOrO npHCYTCTBH.JI:

« qTO Thl? qTO Thl ,[(HTRTKO? Y CllOKOHCH, He nnaqh, - H CO B3,D;OXOM

npH6aBHna: - TBOH cne3hl Bnepe,n;H» 142

.

Tai<HM o6pa3oM 6a6yiiii<a no.n;HHMaeT ManeHhKoro ManhqHKa .n;yxoBHO,

roToBHTCR ero K )l(H3HH H ee 6y.n;yiiJ;HM cypoBhiM KJIHMaTaM. Bech cBoii

onhiT oHa nepe.n;aeT BHYKY c npe.n;ynpe)l(.n;eHHeM Ha TO, qTo cna6ocTh B nyTH

)l(lf3HH ry6HT qenoBeKa. 0Ha TaK)l(e HayqHna BHyKa 6naro.n;apHOCTH, H TO

oqeHh no-cH6n:pcKH, no-pyccKn:: 3a .n;o6po «He zpex u e Hozu

141 B. AcnupbeB. TiepeBa.JI. KpiDKa. M., «,[(eT. JIHT-pa», 1988r. CTP. 15. (Tio,w~epKHyro MHoil:.- C.C.P.) 142 TaM )l{e, CTP. 34. (Tio,w~epKH)'TO MHoil:.- C.C.P.)

87

noK!lmtumbcJl» 143 .no6pbiM JIIO.l(.HM. B rrocryrrKax MaJihqHKa O'rpa)l(aJIHCh

yqeHH.H 6a6ylliKH, BCe ee XOpOIIIHe KaqeCTBa nepe.l(aHHbie .npyroMy

ITOKOJiemno. CrrpaBe.l(miBOCTb H npaB.l(HBOCTb - TaiOKe .npyrHe KaqecTBa

xapaKTepa :no:H: cTapo:H: pyccKOH .nepeBeHcKo:H: )l(eHID;HHhi. Po.nHa.a KpOBh e:H:

He rroMexa, Kor.na .neno KacaeTc.H crrpaBe.l(JIHBOCTH: oHa He Kone6neeT

BblCKa3aTh rrpaB.l(y JII060MY qeJIOBeKy. 0Ha OTKpOBeHHO 06BHHHJia CBOero

CbiHa 3a rH6eJih ero )l(eHhi. 0Ha C'rporo ocy)l(.naeT CbiHa 3a 3TO. ,l(.rr.a Hee,

HJihKa - ITOJIHbiH CHpOTa, TaK KaK y Hero HeT MaTepH, He 3a60THTC.H 0 HeM

H OTeU.

TeTKa TiapacKOBh.H, coce.nKa HacTaCbH BepcTaKoBo:H:, 6ecceMe:H:Ha.H

)l(eHID;HHa, KOTOpa.H JII06HT .l(eTeH H MO)l(eT ynpeKaTb HX MaTepe:H: 3a

HeHMeHHeM BHHMaHH.H. Kor.na l1JihKa 6hiJI T.H)l(eJIO paHeH B Jiecy OHa

B3.HJiaCb BhiJieqHTb ero, ynpeKHyJia Maqexy H OTQa 3a He3a60TJIHBOCTb. 0Ha

TOITHJia pyccKyiO neqh, qTo6br nporpenc.a MnbKa. Y Hee qyTKoe ow;yw;eHHe

· 0 rrpo6JieMaX )l(eHID;HHbl B CeMbe, .n;o6poTa K llTH[(aM H )l(HBOTHbiM. ,l(.rr.H

Toro, qTo6br He rono.n;ana 3Ta ceMh.H, oHa nonyqmra Maqexe pa6ory Ha

JieCOITOBaJie. <l>erua, TaK )l(e KaK TeTKa flapaCKOBb.H, HeCeMeHHa.H pyccKa.H

.n;epeBeHCKa.H )l(eHID;HHa. Y 3HaB npo IfnhKY OHa pacqyBCTBOBaJiaCh, )l;aJia eMy

· Jie.n;eHIJ;hi, 3a60THTCJI 0 HeM KaK 6bi 0 pO,ll;HOM ChiHe.

Bo3hMeM ce:H:qac pyccKyiO .n;epeBeHCKyiO )l(eHw;Hey B poJIH cBeKpOBif.

MHJieHTheBHa («J(epeeJLHHbze KOHu»), ·,n;apb.H («IlpoUJaHue c Mamepou»),

AHHa («IlocJZeOHUU CpOK») TaKHe .n;o6pble CBeKpOBH, K KOTOpbiM OTHOC.HTCJI

c yBa)l(eHHeM H o KoTopbiX 3a6oT.aTc.a. Ho MoKpH.n;a («Cmapooy6»),

CeMeHOBHa («)/{ueu u noMHU») - .HBJI.HIOTCJI HCKJIIOqeHHeM oT o6pa3a

.n;o6po:H: cBeKpOBH. MoKpH.n;a - BJiaCTOJII06e[(; oHa CTPeMHTCJI 3aBcer.n;a

143 TaM )Ke, c-rp. 97.

88

BnacTso~aTh s .n;oMe H B o6m;ecTe. Y Hee )l(a.n;Hoe CTpeMneHHe K HeJlacmu';,

asTOpHTeT)': OHa xoqeT OCTaTbC.SI rnaso:ii CeMbH. 0Ha X03.SIHKa B CeMbe: OHa

X03.SIHHHqaeT S CeMeHHbiX ,n;enax . H ee cnoso .SISn.SieTC.SI OKOHqaTenbHbiM.

Kor.n;a ee CbiH )l(eHHnC.SI Ha Knas.n;HH OHa He o.n;o6pHna ::noro 6paKa, XOT.SI

HeseCTKa 6hma oqeHb Tpy.n;omo6Hsa H Tpy.n;ocnoco6Ha. Ho cseKpOBb

HeS3ni06HT ee. 0Ha He xoqeT npHH.SITb ee B KaqecTBe qneHa CeMbH, a

ycTynHTb MeCTO X03.SIHKH HHKaK HHKOr,n;a. Ha :no )l;Be npHqHHbi: BO-nepBbiX,

MoKpH.n;a scer.n;a nonb30Banacb 6Jlacmb10 KaK cpe.n;H mo.n;e:ii TaK H s

eeMeHeTse .n;a X03.SIHeTse. 0Ha «npU6bZKJla 2Jla6eHcm606amb» B ;D:OMe H see H

A v 144 (}r ~ seex «nou~umtmb ceoUM. npaewzaM, ceoeu eepe» . shiKHYTb OT 3TOH

eTpaCTH OHa He xoqeT; BO-STOpbiX, no ee MHeHHIO, KnaB)l;H.SI HH ,n;oeTOHHa

HH enoeo6Ha X03.SIHHHqaTb, TaK KaK OHa npHHa,z:t;ne)KHT K HH3KOMY

eoenmmro o6m;ecTsa: oHa H3 «CaMou Henynmou, 6eiJHou 6e3ana6epHot"i

ceMbU.>>, ,n;Otf~ «canO:JICHUKa»145. Em;e, HH Knas.n;H.SI HH ee OTeu; He

eo6nro,n;aeT eTaposepCKHe o6p.H,ll;bl. 3TO 6binO qTO-TO TaKOe, KOTOpO·~

MoKp:a.n;a He Tepnena: oHa 3aeTasnxeT Knas,n;HIO co6nro.n;aTb sepy. TipH

MOKpH.n;e seeM Ha.n;o 6bmO nocrynaTb no ee YKa3aM H B COOTSeTeTSHH e ee

)l(enaHH.HMH. Bee-TaKH s 3TOM cnyqae eTonKHoseHH.SI, pa3na.n;bi H pa3.n;opbi

Me)l(,n;y .n;syM.SI - eseKpOSbiO H HeseeTKOH 0 «2Jla6eHCmBe» COseeM He

B03HHKanH s .n;oMe MoKpH,z:t;bi, noTOMY qTo, so-nepBbiX, Knas.n;H.SI HHKor.n;a

He )l(enana ee6e TaKoro MeeTa HnH noqeTa; so-sTopbiX, Knas.n;H.SI

OTManqusana, HHKOr,n;a He S03pa)l(ana eseKpOSH. Knas,n;HH npHXO)l;HnOeb

B.biHOeHTb see 3nO eseKpOBH, y KOTOpOH OHa )I<Hna OKOSaHHa ee yeTO.HMH

KaK pa6a H pa6oTana no.n; «2HemoM» 146• B .n;oMe on~a oHa nena neeHH,

TaHu;esana, enpasn.HnaCb e )l;OMaiiiHHM Tpy,n;oM H X03.HHeTSOM e

144 B.AcTa<PheB. Iloaecnt: o MO~M coapeMeHHHKe. UK BJIKCM, «Mono.nru~ raap.nmm, 1972r. Crp. 32.

145 TaM )f(e, CTp. 27, 32. 146 TaM )f(e, CTp. 32.

89

y~oBOJihCTBHeM. Ho B ~oMe cBeKpoBH eli )JUIJIOCb TPYAHO. B :no:H ceMhe

OTHOIIIeHIDI Me)l{~y CBeKpOBhlO H HeBeCTKOH 6hiJIH llJIOXHMH H CJIO)I{HbiMH,

Ho He Hanpj{)l{eHHhiMH. 0THoiiieHHj~ cBeKpOBH K HacTeHe TaK)I{e 6hmH He

CeMeHOBHa, cBeKpOBh HacTeHhi, 6I>ma He oqeHh pMa e:H y)l{ c Tex nop

KaK oRa nocTyn:una B ~Bop My)l{a («.fl me6Jl, OeBKa, ut nepBozo OHu

pa32llJlOella, Jl utpmy natwJlJla, KaKaJl mbz eutmb»141) . .rq,yroe ,neno, qTo co

BpeMeHeM oHa Haqana «Bopttamb» MeHbiiie, HO ynpeKaTb He nponycKana

,na)l{e 3a MeJIOl.Jh, xoTj{ e:H noHpaBHJICj~ ee Tpy,noni06HBbiB:H xapaKTep. Ho 3a '·

6e3~eTHOCTb OHa He XOTeJia «npocmumb» HacTe:ay, HO HHKOr,na HH CJIOBa

npo 3TO eif OHa He CKa3aJia, 3H~, l.JTO ~AA «Jli06ou 6a6bl 3mO Ca.MOe 60JlbHOe

148 B C .. .. C Mecmo» . OTJIHl.JHe OT eMeHOBHbi, CBeKpOBb H CBeKop · OJIOMH,ZI;bl He

JII06HJIH ee 3a 6e3,neTHOCTb. 0HH 6pOCaJIH yrpo)l{aJOmHH B3rAA~, CTIJOrO

rrr.s~~errH Ha Hee c HenpHj{3HbiO. CaMa MaTh ConoMH,nhi He xoTena ma,nHTh

ee 3a 6e3~eTHOCTb, H llOTIJe60BaJia 06'bj~CHeHIDI Ha :no, CllpOCHJia ee,

CKOJihKo eme oH.a 6y,neT npo.norr)l{aThCj{ 6niTh «o6beKmoM no3opa cpeou

JICeHUJUH»149. ConoMH,na Bcer~a OTMaJil.JHBana, HO ropbKO nnaKana y ce6j{

(«TOe MOll 8UHa? »).

O,nHaKo, Me)J{)l;y CeMeHOBHo:H H HacTeHo:H cymecTBoBana, xoTj{ He B

aKTHBHOM BH,ZI;e, 06biKHOBeHH~ Heonpe,neneHH~ npHBbJqH~ CJIO)I{HOCTb

OTHOIIIeHHH ,npyr K ,npyry: CBeKpOBb He XOTeJia ycrynHTb eif MeCTO

xo3j~HKH. XoTj~ xo3j{HCTBosana ~a xo3j~HHHl.Jana HacTeHa, HO «X03JluKou

ocmaBwzacb» CeMeHOBHa, TaK KaK He HpaBHJIHCh e:H «Opyzue pyKu» B CBOeM

,ZI;OMe: llOTOMY l.JTO BCIO )KH3Hb OHa KpyTHJia :no «KOJleCO» ceMeHCTBa, a

147 B. Pacnynm. )KHan n noMHH. Crp. 191. 148 B. PacnyrnH. )KHan n IIOMHH. Crp. 16. 149 <I>. A6paMoa. Tiponenum ne6e)ln (Ha aHz. Jl3b1Ke). Crp. 335.

90

ee:Hqae Kor.na HaeTeHa BJ.smaeb Ja Hero, ee pyKH Ka3aJIHeh e:H <<HeJZOBKUMU u

lleHU8bl.MU>>, JIHI.llb IIOTOMy, qTO 3TO «6blJlU He ee PYKU». TaK xapaKTep y

eBeKpOBH BbiKa3aJie.si «HeCllaOKUto): TO OHa IIpHHHMaJiaeb «BOplf,amb»: TaK

KaK He Teprrena HH B03paJKeHHH, HH orrpaB.[(aHHH, TO B «3JZocmu

Haoyewzacb » 150•

CeMeHOBHa TaKJKe xoTena, qTo6bi HeBeeTKa .[(aJihllle pa6oTbi He rymma,

oeTaBanaeb Beer.na .noMa. CBeKpOBb HaeTeHhi oqeHb erpora.si "eTaporo

JaKana" pyeeKa.si .nepeBeHeKa.si JKeHIII;HHa. Ho HaeTeHa HHKor.na He erropHT e

Hell:; oRa qaeTo MoJiqHT H TaK TeprreeT Bee yrrpem .na pyraHb. Kor.na

eBeKpOBb 3aMeTHJia ee e «6p10XOM» OHa HaMHOrO paeeep.[(HJiaeb Ha Hee, He

XOTeJia IIOKa3aTb eli HHKaKOH IIOIII;a.[(bl. CTapa.si JKeHIII;HHa He MOrJia TeprreTb

HaeTeHHH nocmynoK, B KOTopoM e:H rroKa3aJIOeb YHHJKeHHe qeeTH,

oeKop6neHHe pyeeKoii .nepeBeHeKoii JKeHIII;HHbi KpoMe YHR)I(eHH.si

.noeTOHHeTBa "poocmea" ryebKOBbiX («Kozo oepJICa.llU?))). HaeTeHa Terrepb

e:H Ka3aJiaeb 3JIOH JierKOMbieJieHHOM IIa.[(I.lleM JKeHIII;HHOM, eoBepl.liHBI.lleM

60JiblllOH HerrpoeTHTeJibHblM rpex. 0Ha oeyJK.[(aeT HeBeeTKY HaeqeT

MOpaJibHOeTH, 3a H3MeHy MY:»<y. ITo ee MHeHHIO, HaeTeHa He.noeToih-m

yBa)l(eHH.si TaK KaK yHHJKHJia )l(eHeKyiO qeeTb, «no6eJICaJZa», rrpRHeena

6oJiblllOH «no3op» ee eeMbe, HaHeena 6oJiblliOM y.nap Ha eBoero My)l(a; oHa

ypomma, e.nenana HerroBopoTJIHBbiM yru;ep6 rroqezy JKeHIII;HHbi. TaKOBbi

B3rJI.si.[(bl eBeKpOBH 0 IIOJIO)I(eHHH HeBeeTKH H BOT KaK, eJie.[(OBaTeJibHO,

pearRpyeT OHa Ha Bee 3TO 3JIO.si3blqHeM, pyraHbiO:

«-llly~Ka!.. -llly~Ka! O:H-e-e-e-e:H! rollliiO,l(H! IIpel.liB.siTa.si Eoropo.n:R~a!.. IIo6e)l(ana! He .[(O)I(.[(aJial.llb! M JKHBeT, rrpHTHXJia,

IliY~Ka TaKa.si! AH.npiOlllKa rrpH.neT, a oHa, K06bma yJK roTOBa.si ...

lllTbi.[(-TO TBOM r.ne 6b1JI? r.ne OH y Te6.si 6biJI, KY.l(bl Tbl ero ,l(eJia? ,ll;a

150 B. PacnyrHH. )I(HsH H noMHH. Grp. 17.

IIIT06 y Te6.SI TaM UepBRKH 3aBeJIHIIIh! lliT06 Te6e BOBeK He

onpoiiiTaThiiia!.. He KOIIIKa JIH Thi... naKOIIITJIHBa.SI, 6.rryp;JIHBa.SI? ..

6ny1IHR! lliTo6 T06oli ryT 6one He IIaxJIO» 151

•

91

CBeKpoBH noKaJanoch, qTo HeBecTKa IIIYTHT, BpeT; 3HaqHT, y Hee 6hma

KaKaR-TO BepHOCTb B ee XapaKTepe, KOTOpyiO, OTCIO,D;a BbiTeKaeT, cqHTaJia

xopoiiieli, c6epeqh ce6.SI oT nerKOMhiCJIHR cnoco6Holi. Tio3TOMY eli He

BepHJIOCh cpa3y B ee CJIOBa. Ho, KOr,D;a HacTeHa erue pa3 YTBep,n.HJia,

IIO,Zl.TBep,n.HJia, qTo TO He BepHTC.SI eli B CaMOM ,D;eJie RBJI.SieTC.SI <PaKTOM,

«ecmb», ee «nocneOHJl.Jl HaOe:JICOa» 6biJia pa3pymeHa. 3aTo 'CBeKpOBh erue

60Jibiiie CO CTOHOM 03JIHJiaCb H 3apyranaCh eUle 60Jibllie OTIJIDKa.SI pyraHbiO

H npoKIDITHR MH cBoli rHeB, CBoe . orqa.SIHHe H YHhiHHe H3-3a, KaK e:H

rroKa3anOCh, BeponoMHoro nocTynKa HeBeCTKH. CeMeHOBHa BhirHana

HacTeHy H3 ,n.oMy KaK BhirOH.SIIOT co6aKy. Ho HacTeHa K He:H He

H3MeHHJiaCh, Hao6opOT eM 6biJIO )l(aJIKO CBeKpOBH OTTOfO, qTO IIOCJie Hee eM

c My)l(eM 6y,n.eT Tpy,n.Ho. TyT 6oJihlliHM BonpocoM .SIBJI.SieTcR, KaK HaM

Ka)l(eTcH, rroqeMY cBeKpOBh He 3Hana HacTeHy KaK 3HaJIH ,n.pyrHe? Ha 3TO

O,Zl.Ha rrpHqHHa 3aKJIJOqaeTC.SI B TOM, qTo CeMeHOBHa rychKOBa MaJIO c KeM­

HH6y,n.h o6m;aeTC.SI. fopbKOCTb 3TOfO 3IIH30,Ua, O,UHaKO, Jie)I(HT B TOM, qTO

CeMeHOBHa, 6y.D;yqH cBeKpOBhiO T.e. caMo:H 6JIH3Koli K HacTeHe, He Y3Hana

ee - )l(eHy ChiHa, C KOTOpOH IIpO)I(HJia 6oK 0 60K qeTbipe ro.n;a, He

rrpOHHKJiaCh qyBCTBOM ,D;OBepH.SI K HeM, TaK H He IIpHBeTHJia H He IIOJI106HJia

ee, KOTOPYJO «He nolllo6umb He6o3MO:JICHo» 152. 0Ha Be,D;eT ce6.s~ rnyrro:aaTo

KUK 6bl CJ1ena, He BH,ll.HT BOKpyr ce6» HH'-1ero, OCTaeTCR 6e3yqaCTHOH KO

BCeMy IIpOHCXO,D;RIUeMy. 3aMeTHB 6epeMeHHOCTb HeBeCTKH OHa

6e30fOBOpoqHo BepHT ee 06'bRCHeHH.SIM, ee HaBeTaM Ha CaMY ce6.SI, He

151 B. PacnyniH. )I(HBH H noMHH. C1p. 190-191. (Ilo.n<~epKH)'TO MHoit- C.C.P.) 152 C. 3anhifHH. B npe.nenax HCKyccTBa. M., «CoseTCKHi% nHcaTeJJh», 1988r. C1p. 114.

92

y,n:en}leT pa3yMHhiH npOHHKHOBeHHhiH B3rM,n: Ha ee «6p10XO», He ne3eT

rny6oKo B ee nono)l(eHHe, Tor,n:a KaK BC}l ,n:epeBH}l pa30M yJHana, H ,n:aBHO

3Hana OTBeT Ha CaMhiH Ba)l(HhiH BOTipOC 0 6epeMeHHOCTH ee HeBeCTKH. Iif TaK

B c:wny :noli cBoeli rnynocTH, orpaHHlieHHOCTH :na cTapyxa OKa3anach e,n:Ba

n:w He «Ca.Mbl.M JICecmoKUM 1f.eJZoseKO.M»153 B noBecTH, H nycTMna, nocnana

CBOIO HeBecTKY Ha )l(YTKyro «mpazedwo». T;pare,n:H}l HacTeHhi - 3TO He

TOnhKO nHliH8}1, HO H rny60KO «06UjeCm8eHHaJt, COlfUa.JlbHafl mpazedwl»154

,

liTO yHHliTO)l(Hna BCIO CeMhlO rychKOBhiX. 3acTaBneHHOe, H My)l(eM II

cBeKpOBhiO, caMoy6HHCTBO HacTeHhi }IBMeTC}l o6mecTBeHHOM TPare,n::weH:,

noToMy liTO He no3BOn}lnH ee MY)l(Y no6hiBaTh ,n:oMa nocne paHeHH}l. ,[(an:w

6hi eMy npe,n:naraeMhiM oTnycK, HaBepHo «He cocmoJIJlOCb 6bl

de3epmupcmeo»155, roBopHT PacnyTHH. 3THM aBTop TaK)l(e o6BHH}leT H

npaBHT~JihCTBO 3a r:a6enh cBoe:H: repoHHH. CeMeHOBHe Ha,n:o 6hmo 3HaTh

HacTeHy TaK, KaK 3Han ee CBeKop T.e. M:axeHli.

0THorneHH}l HacTeHhi K cBeKpy 6hmH 6onee OTKpO:SeHHhiMH, ,n:a)l(e

,n:py)l(eCKHMH. llocne My)l(a ecn:a HacTeHa Koro-H:a6y,n:h noliHTana oco6oH:

JIHliHOCThlO, TO 3TO 6hm ee CBeKOp. KaK CBeKOp OH 3Han ee nylillie BCeX,

,n;a)l(e .Jiyqrne caMoH: HacTeHhi156• Ha caMOM ,n;ene B OTHoii.IeHH.HX HacTeHhi K

cBeKpy Bcer,n;a 6hma onpe,n;eneHHa}l Bepo.HTHOCTh. 0Ha Bcer,n;a np:aHoc:ana

eMy, KaK H CBeKpOBH, 3acny)KeHHhiM llOlieT H 3a60THJ1a 0 HeM C

He06XO,[(HMhiM BHHMaHHeM. Y )!( B MHpHhie BpeMeHa OHa C03,ZJ;ana H

ycTaHOBHna 6onhii.IOe ,[(OBepHe y CBeKpa, KOTOphiM BepHn B Hee ,ZJ;a)l(e B

KpaifHHX HeBepo}ITHhiX o6cTO}!TenhcTBax. Kor,n:a Ta co6:apanach Be3TH

153 C. 3a.TlhirHH. B npe.n.enax HCKyccTsa. CTP. 114. I

54 TaM )l(e, CTP. 113. 155 p .Eece.n.a c acnyTHHI>IM B .n.uccepTawm: C. C. Pa.ll.)l(nyT. "Xy.n.o)l(eCTBeHHI>Iit o6JIHK peKH AHrapbi B

TsopqecTse B.Pacnynma". YH. HM. ,!VK. H., Hblo ,D;enu, 1999r. CTP. 92. 156 B. PacnYTHH. )l(HBH H noMHH. CTP. 195.

93

ynoJIHOMoqeHHoro o.n;Ha B ropo.n;, MHxeHq qyTb BOJIHOBancg, OH ,n;a)l(e

ycnOKOHJI CBOIO CTapyxy, KOTOpag He XOTeJia OTnyCTHTb ee C qy)I(HM

My)l(qHHOM.

C ToqKH 3peHH}I .n;osepqHsocTH B HacTeHy CeMeHOBHa H MHxeHq - .n;sa

KpaiiHHX non10ca. 3aTeM .n;osepHe MHxeuqa npespaTHJIOCb B .n;yxosHoe

CTOJIKHOBeHHe C HeBeCTKOM, llOTOMY qTo OHa OCKOp6JigJia ce6g, YHH)I(aJia

3THM ceMbiO, H 3TO eMy He 6biJIO ITO ,n;yrne; OH He 6biJI rOTOB npHH}!Tb ll030p

Ha Hee; xoTen, qTo6bi oHa OTKpbmacb eMy. CaMag 6oJibllia}l 6oJib y Hero

OCTaJIOCb OT TOro, qTO HacTeHa )l(epTBOBaJia CBOeM )l(eHCKOM qecTbiO, co6010

,n;ng Toro, qTo6bi cnpgqb, cnacTH ero He.n;ocToi1:Horo CbiHa. EM: TaK )l(e 6bmo

oqeHb 60JibHO, Kor,n;a OHa He MOrJia OTKpbiTb nepe,n; HHM. EM 6biJIO )l(aJIKO 0

HeM, KaK 06 oqeHb ,n;o6poM CTapHKe, KaK 06 yBa)l(aeMOM noqeTHOM

qenoseKe, no ona 6bma 6ecnoMom;na. EM: 6bmo oco6eHHo T}l)l(eJio oToro,

qTo OHa CKa3aJia eMy KOe-qTo COBCeM HeBbiHOCHMOe. 3TO TaKHe MOMeHTbl B

,n;aHHOM CJiyqae, KO,D;a 6ecnOMOI.IJ;HyiO )l(eHI.IJ;HHY Bbl3biBaiOT npoTeCTOBaTb

npOTHB )l(eCTOKOrO My)l(a, pa306JiaqHTb llO,D;Jie:o;a, ,D;eMCTBOBaTb IIpOTHB

O.I(Hqasrnero qeJIOBeKa, npoTHB HecnpaBe,D;JIHBOCTH, HO OHa He ,D;eMCTByeT

npOTHB 3THX, Ka3aJIOCb 6bi, BeKOBeqHbiX CBOHX MYlJeH.HM. Hao6pOT OHa

3acTynaeTcg 3a nero.

OKyJIHHa («Ca.MaJl ctJacmnuBaJl J~CeHUJUHa») - o6pa3 Clpa.n;aiO:rn;eM: BCIO

)I(H3Hb, )I(HByli(eM BCer,n;a He,D;OCTaTKaMH, HHKOr,D;a He 3HaiOI.IJ;eM cqacTb}l, HO

oqeHb TepneJIHBOM H IIpOCTHTeJibHOM pycCKOM ,n;epeBeHCKOM )l(eHI.IJ;HHbi. C

,D;eTCTBa ,D;O IOHOCTH OHa pa60TaJia CJiy)J(aHKOM B MOHaCTbipe. CseKop ,DypHO

o6paTHJIC}I K .HeM H BbirHaJI HX C My)l(eM H3 ,D;OMy, TaK KaK OH He o,n;o6pKeT

HX CBa,D;b6bi: ero CbiH )l(eHHJIC}I Ha HeM npOTHB ero BOJIH. A Kor,n;a B CTapOM

B03pacTe ero cnenoro BbirHaJIH H3 ,D;OMY CbiHOBb}l, oHa npHH}IJia

«MeqTalOT B ,n;eBHqeCTBe, npHrOTOBJlSHICb K )KH3HH, HHqero 0 HeM

ern;e TOJIKOM He 3Ha.H, a KaK noqan Te6.H MY)KHK ,n;a o63aBenacb ceMbe:H:

- ocTaeTc.H TOJibKo Ha,n;e.HTbC.H. Ho H Ha,n;e)K,n;bi c Ka)K)l;biM ro,n;oM Bee

MeHbllle, E: OHa TaeT, KaK CHer, TIOKa He HCT::teT COBCeM, BTIHTaBIIIHCb B

3eMJIIO, - H BOT y)Ke nepe,n; To6o:H: He Ha,n;e:>~c.n;a, a napKoM )l;biM.HI.II;Hec.H

H3 110).1; 3eMJIH BOCTIOMHHaHH.H» 160

•

95

CTapocTb oTHHMaeT y qenoseKa 3HeprHH ,n;a CHJibi, orroro nonyqaeTC>I

rroTpaTa cnoco6HocTeif, HTaK CB.H3aHa c oco6biMH npo6neMaMH. qenoseKy

qeJIOBeK - My)KqHHe )KeHI.II;HHa H )KeHII."(HHe My)KqHHa ro,n;HTC.H, Ha,n;o6HTC.H

HMeHHO B JieT CTapOCTH, KOr,n;a OHH OKa3biBalOT ,n;pyr ,n;pyry CaMYJO

Heo6xo,n;HMyiO onopy, noMep)KHBaiOT ,n;pyr ,n;pyra, ,n;eJI.HTC.H ,n;pyr c ,n;pyroM

Tpy,n;HOCT.HMH CTaporo B03pacTa.

CTpabiM nerKo B ceMbe, r.n;e 3a6oT.HTC.H o HHX. Y HacTaCbH KoHqHnacb

CeMb.H H OHa OKa3aJiaCb cupomou, O)l;HHOKOM B CTapOCTH. Y CHMbi HeT

CeMhH: HeT ,n;eTeM HJIH BHYKOB, Ha KOTOpbiX Ha,n;e.HJiaCb 6bi 3a60THTbC.H B

cTapocTH. CHMa HI.II;eT B cTapocTH.My)KqHHy, qTo6bi ycTpOHTb ce6e ceMbiO:

<<He oemuweK po:JICamb», a qTo6bi HMeTb «ceou yzoJZ», nonerqe «cmapocmb

161 y .. 6 ~ npUHRmb» . Hee He OCJia HyJiaCb Ha)l;e)K)l;a Ha 3TO. -..:7TO )Ke MO)KHO

Ha3BaTb CeMeHHbiM CIJaCmbeM B CTapOCTH. fi03TOMY HeT HHqero TIJIOXOrO B

MeqTaHH.HX CHMbi.

A MaTh ToHH 3opHHoif, cTapa.H KpecTb.HHKa MyqHTC.H OT Toro, qTo ToH.H

BH.IJ:HT Ha My)l(qHHY He KaK cqacTHe, a Hao6pOT cq:aTaeT ero npe,n;MeTOM

HacMelliKH, H36e)KaeT ero:

«My)I(MKH c )KeHaMH paHbiiie He cnanH spo3b. A Tenepb-To? Ea6aM

.n;eTeif po)KaTb neHb, MY)I(HKH pa3yqHJIHCb KOpMHTb ceMbi0»162

•

160 B. PacrryrHH. )l(nsn u noMHH. CTp. 341. 161 TaM )l(e, CTJ). 341. 162 B. Eenos. TiosecTn. PaccKa:3hi. QqepKH. CTp. 281-282.

96

Tor.na KaK B o6pa3e KaTepHHbi («Jlpuebz 1moe OeJlo») Eenos

ITOKa3biBaeT BeqHOCTb H KpenKOCTb OTHOIIIeHHH )KeHbl H My)Ka ,npyr K ,npyry

6naro,nap.a :>KeHJ.I.l;HHe, B o6pa3e ToHH 3opHHOH OH BbrnBJI.HeT cna6ocTb,

xpynKOCTb 3THX OTHoiiieHHH HMeHHO H3-3a )KeHJ.I.l;HHbi. «llpuebZ'I,HOe oello»

EeJIOBa- 3TO «2UMH» ceMeHHbiM OTHOllleHH.HM, JII06BH, KOTOpyiO He MO:>KeT

y6HTb ,JJ;a)Ke CMepTb 163

•

163 A.H. Ky3hMHH. TioBeCTL KaK ••• Crp. 91.