manifest destiny

_ FROM NORTH TO SOUTH, WE’LL RECLAIM THE CITY

_manifest destinymajor project for master of architectureroyal melbourne institute technologyon a lovely spring 2015supervised by sean mcmahon

for my family.

taxoplasma gondii

parasite as we know, or not

The parasite used to be someone who eats next to someone - was a well known figure in the ancient Greek soci-ety. Often recognized to suck their host, detrimental to the well-being of its health, and disregarding from any compassion; parasite are deemed a negative impres-sion on society.

A non-mutual ecological relationship between species are living entities that use other living organisms for food and a

place to live. What is the aim of its living? Just like any other living organisms, they aim to fulfil basic needs; to have a shel-ter, to keep on living and to reproduce.Parasites range in size from microscopic single-celled organisms to worms that is visible to naked eye.

But God didn’t create parasite just to fill His free time. All parasites plays huge role to keep ecological system in its bal-ance. Everything; is connected.

Manifest Destiny is influenced by Leb-beus Woods’ works. His baroque sketches and models could very well be machines. Woods’ works proclaim architectural imagination should not be anchored with constraints of finance and buildability. Working widely with re-constructing a city from ashes to a fully functioning city - beneficial for its dwellers - are fine examples of how architecture should purely serve users, not for polit-ical importance or thickening some rich guy’s pocket.

His visualisation involving reconstruction of urban war-zones; politics, walls, and cooperative building projects will urge one to imagine entirely new structures, spaces without boundary, unforgivably reconstructing the outermost possibili-

ties of the built environment. If it has to; we should re-imagine the very planet we dwell on.

In an interview with BLDBLOG, Woods discussed about his work; Lower Man-hattan. He speculated the future of New York, was that, in the past, numerous discussions had been about New York being the biggest, the greatest, the best - but that all had to do with the size of the city; size of skyscrapers, size of cul-ture, and size of population. But in New York everything was cramped together because the buildings occupied such a limited ground area. He thought maybe New York can establish a new kind of scale - and the scale of the city to the Earth, to the planet. His drew Manhattan sitting firmly on granite base, demon-

into the woods

strating its towers and skyscrapers. Everything are constructed densely - in-cluding extremely heavy physical weight - on a granite base. Yet, Manhattan is actually built on a small area compared to other cities like Sao Paulo, Mexico City, Kuala Lumpur or any other Asian cities.

Lebbeus Woods encourages architects - or anyone - to re-imagine cities and buildings and whole landscapes as if they have undergone some sort of po-tentially catastrophic transformation; war, earthquake, etc. Manifest Destiny re-im-agine a city being invaded by peculiar object allocation growing and creating its own networks of connectivity. We need to be able to speculate, to cre-ate scenarios where authority begins ro-

manticizing its heritage buildings or they decided the street level is no longer safe for pedestrians or perhaps there are no more piece of land to be built on. Man-ifest Destiny allows such scenarios run and give a chance to investigate a di-rection and be able to say; this is what it might look like.

manifest destiny

Melbourne CBD is populated with 31 000 dwellers where 65% get around city on foot. The figure is expected to increase by 97% in the next 20 years but how do people get around in such dense environment? Can we change the authorship of the city in order to allow safer pedestrian setting? What if we change the way we occupy spaces in the city? What if mode of connectivity is lifted above street level? With so much forgotten spaces in the city, is there a way to develop a city?

we could be better than this...

we could be better than this...

This project begins with the investigation on how parasitic architecture, instead of feeding on host & accelerate decaying process could bring the city closer? Par-asitic organisms as we know only bring harm to its host but we should also know that parasites have beneficial tal-ents that we could learn. Characteristics and nature of parasitic organisms are investigated and extracted out. As the consequent, I am particularly interested in its ability to take advantage of its host, absorbing nutrients and the aptitude for attaching wherever suits their preferenc-es.

The early stage of this project uses par-asite as metaphor and as it expanded, the metaphor evolves in order to focus on allowing for alternative methods of

interconnecting the city, on constructa-bility and functions of the new structures might allow. 3 terms involved through the project are; host referring to urban fab-ric and buildings, parasite as new urban layer and nutrients represents users, location, structure, status and ameni-ties. The nature of this project begins with speculative idea about how cities might evolve but the outcome is more propositional. However, some parasites evolve into epiphyte and create symbio-sis between new structures and existing structure and my project also develops into a more symbiotic discussion as it move away from the generating meta-phor and into the propositional discus-sion on the city

Parasitic structures are designed based on parasite’s ability in taking advantage of its host to reclaim ‘forgotten’ spaces like rooftops, motorways, blank building walls, abandoned buildings & unused indoor spaces. A set of rules are set out for the behaviour of the parasite as it invade to redefine the city and regen-erating multiple layers of additional fabric of the city.

Step 1 Parasite Preferences GuidelinesStep 2 Urban AnalysisStep 3 Growth RuleStep 4 Pre-set Programs

The steps are spine to algorithm of growth and how new structures will ‘in-vade’ the city. Consequently, they are applied on micro-hosts / buildings.

wall of change, lebbeus woods

Parasitism in nature are designed to adapt to various hosts; plant or animal or human, location of attack, position of attack, sequence of attack, intensity, permanency of parasitism and number of parasite and host involved. The first step is crucial to shape characteristics; to give it moral identity.

Manifest Destiny is an attempt to re-im-agine a city through learning from nature, attributes and consideration in urban design runs parallel in achieving proposi-tional outcome. A theory written by Mel-bourne School of Design upon design-ing an intense city involves Urban DMA.

Urban DMA points out ‘Density’, ‘Mix’, and ‘Access’ important set of questions on objective when shaping a city.

Extensive study has been made before deciding which character works best to define new structures’ characteristics. This range from studying parasitism in nature, parasitism in architecture and mimicking biological parasitism into ar-chitectural parasitism.

STEP 1 parasite preferences guidelines

Parasitism in Nature

Horsehair Wormparasitized crickets to seek water because they are thirsty. This behaviour allows the horsehair worm to emerge from the insect’s body and swim away in the water—an essential step in completing its life cycle. Makes cricket suicidal.

Emerald cockroach wasplays eggs into a live caterpillar that’ll hatch and snack on host’s body. The larvae eat their way through the caterpillar’s skin, attach themselves to nearby piece of foliage & form a cocoon. Then, the caterpillar turns bod-yguard. It ignores its daily leaf chomping duties entirely and stands guard over the pupae, violently swinging its head at incoming predators, knocking them away.

Filarial wormscan cause inflammation of the lymph nodes and lymphedema, or tissue swelling caused by lymph fluid retention in human body. It causes elephantiasis

Blood Flukes lives in the veins of the human body. When people come into contact with water infected with the parasite, it can puncture their skin, cause inflammation and damage the human organs – especially the liver. It is one of the most pervasive parasites

Candirucandiru catches ammonia scent, swims upstream, and burrows in for a snack. It make its living by sucking blood from the heavily vascularized gills of other freshwater fish

Sarcodesderives sustenance and nutrients from fungi that attach to roots of trees. The plant takes advantage of this mu-tualism by tapping into the network and stealing sugars from the photosynthetic partner by way of the fungus

Human Botflydeposits larvae in the flesh of humans

Leucochloridiumparasitic worm that uses snails and slugs as an interme-diate host. They change the eyes of the snails to make them look like caterpillars to entice birds to eat them. Once inside the bird the parasite lays it eggs

Rafflessia grows on single selected vine. No stem, no root, no leaf. Has distaste smell to attract carrion flies hungry for detrius. Biggest flower on earth

Thurber’s Stemsuckerwith no true stem, roots, or leaves and is completely dependent on its host dyweed plant. From this shrub, the parasite gains its vital nutrients and water

Cytinus Ruber lives inside its host and can only be seen from March to May when it flowers

Mistletoeattach to and penetrate the branches of a tree or shrub by a structure called the haustorium, through which they absorb water and nutrients from the host plant.

Zombie Ant Fungi / Ophiocordyceps Unilateralisfungus that reproduces by manipulating the behaviour of ants emits a cocktail of behavior-controlling chemicals when encountering the brain of its natural target host, but not when infecting other ant species. The fungus ‘knows’ its preferred host

Taxoplasma gondiifound in the brain of mammals can affect dopamine lev-els

Guinea Wormthe parasite migrates through the victim’s subcutaneous tissues causing severe pain especially when it occurs in the joints. The worm eventually emerges usually feet

Cymothoa exiguaTongue eating parasite. Starts off its life as male and change its sex later. Enters through fish gills, camp there to mature. It pierces the tongue & starts sucking blood as a source of nutrition, gradually increasing in size until it takes up a large proportion of the mouth.

Sand Foodattached to the roots of various desert shrubs. Lacks chlorophyll and is greyish, whitish, or brown in color. It has glandular scale-like leaves along its surface. The plant obtains water not from its host plants, but through stomata in its leaves

Flea wingless, with mouth parts adapted for piercing skin and sucking blood

Urchin Gall Waspswasps inject eggs under oak tree skin, making it a babysitter. Prompt oak trees to grow galls, abnormal plant tissue structures that shelter wasp eggs, by in-jecting a chemical under the tree’s skin. As the larvae grow inside the gall, its chemical tell the tree to channel nutrients to these hungry larvae

Jumping Oak Gallsimilar to urchin gall but to serve different species of wasps. Falls off a tree, bounces across the ground until it can find a safe place to hatch

Parasitism in Architecture

Wall of Change Built from shambles of war-torn city, the parasites act as in-frastructure to provide water purification + electric generator. Professionals (public+private) will have to work together in building this. New construction, added as needed. Could constitute to new urban architecture.

Cube Restaurant A lightweight restaurant that could easily be assembled and disassembled in order to travel around Europe and find a new location on top of important monuments and spectacular lo-cations.

Ichneumonid The “eggs” are a set of industrial robots which produce the prefab elements that are used for growth. The “host,” in this case, is an old silo at an abandoned harbour in Vienna that was built during Third Reich. The parasite subversively infil-trates this piece of shady history, de-constructs it and adds a new component or function to it.

Paracaidista By taking possession of the public space, a new independ-ent and autonomous address has been created which was inhabited by the artist for 3 months. The word paracaidista, besides meaning parachutist, is the name given in Mexico to people who occupy irregularly a piece of land.

Energy Roof Perugia Serve as canopy on street and entry point to archaeo-logical underground. Designed to be self-sufficient in or-der to generate energy to the city. Made of photovoltaic, wind turbines and glazed underside.

Urban Diagonal To provide an option against urban sprawl. The redensifi-cation or recreation of downtown Los Angeles as a kind of test field for the whole city by adding more circulation layers to existing high rise structure of LA

P9 Mounted on scaffolding, the design comprises a modu-lar system of footbridges and public spaces that can be readily adapted to suit a variety of urban configurations. The scheme, which is entirely run by its residents, is or-ganized around multiple activities that include residences and offices, positioned alongside art galleries, studios and clubs.

Keret House The house is meant to show that the seemingly impos-sible dimensions can be used in architecture, although can feel quite claustrophobic given the amount of space. Sandwiched between 2 buildings, this is the narrowest house on earth (92cm narrowest point, 152cm widest point)

City of Fashion and Design Paris The new structural system supporting this skin is the result of a systematic deformation of the existing con-ceptual grid of the docks building. An arborescent gen-erating method is used to create a new system from the existing system, that is, ‘growing’ the new building from the old as new branches grow on a tree.

Neon Panther The MSU campus attached to the fourth floor (Neuro-science and Cell Biology) of the Leon Johnson building.

Taxi Dermis The potential for increased porosity between the pub-lic and private domains in Venice that will energise the city evolution in comparison to the current separation of public (tourist) invasion and hidden (private) occupation.

Office-Parasite To not blocking the way for people and transport, the construction looks like the two buildings are connected by the construction hovering in the air between them, whereas in fact the entrance is located outside the build-ings at the side of the office-parasite. The front facade is made of light & solid polycarbonate

Berlin Free-Zone 3-2 Rethinking government building in Berlin. Instead of wip-ing away bombed-out buildings and hiding evidence of social conflict, the architecture are new kinds of envi-ronments that build egalitarian free spaces out of the ruptures left by failed hierarchies.

The Soft Bridge, Middle East Centre Oxford The project maintains the detached character of the college’s current buildings, allowing them to be read as separate elements, while introducing a contemporary building that conveys the past, present and future evolu-tion of the college, university and city,

A Parasite for Las Palmas Homonymous project architecture for living quarters in urban places is not common. It explored ways to make small-scale interventions in the existing city fabric. The house mobility is meant to be moved by cranes or hel-icopter

The Heart of the District The pod structure would serve as a hub for an adjacent hotel, drawing passers-by in with its ventricle-like tunnels and entrances. The heart-shaped structure would add extra space over the city street, creating not only an ar-chitectural icon, but activating unused space.

Parasitic city Salerno-Reggio Calabria Provides an opportunity to re-engage the surrounding towns with the valleys and other terrain of the area. The proposal calls for a gentle ramping platform that connects the top of the bridge to the bottom of the valley floor, with houses and shops built on the bridge to create a new city grounded in the foundation of the old project.

Eco-Pod Taking advantage of the stalled construction site, Eco-Pod is a proposal to immediately stimulate the econo-my, and the ecology; built with custom prefab modules. They will serve as bio-fuel sources and as micro-incu-bators for flexible research and development programs. The voids form vertical public parks/ botanical gardens

A-KAMP47 A vertical encampment designed for urban campers and homeless parasited to a blank wall in Marseille. Made of vinyl tents erected in an industrial corridor, cantilevered off a minimal still lattice. The design is a commentary on the global housing crisis and the market’s inability to house all of humanity

Pathé Foundation Built onto an existing historical structure, the project pre-sented an opportunity to restore the decorative facade on the avenue des Gobelins. From the street level, pas-sers-by can glimpse the globular greenhouse-like addi-tion floating above the restored facade

Excresent Utopia Designed for the homeless that could cling to the sides of lamp posts . Made of cheap and readily available ma-terials like pulleys, nylon and rope lines, the structures are translucent and nearly weightless.

Rucksak House A home; prefabricated, modular constructions that are meant to attach to the abandoned buildings and help natural disaster survivors as well as the overpopulation.

Bunker Gallery Inserts itself under metro station. Once the viewer is suctioned from the street, it reveals itself as an exhibi-tion space offering a multiplicity of views from different levels. The gallery responds to challenge of addressing neglected spaces, generating a singular place, a spon-taneous cultural space divergent from the restrained ex-hibition spaces of Paris.

Billboard House Costs nothing to the occupant; companies pay for the construction & get their product/service advertised. This house is not for homeless but for couples who’s look-ing for short escape from mundane daily routine, chores and responsibilities. This would transform the city into so many appropriated domestic places

Auto-Defense A modular complex providing an alternative to the defi-ant lifestyle, by positioning itself in a permanent state of insurrection. Its growth is articulated by the vitality of its spontaneous community colonizing public space

Prefab Parasite Aiming to turn previously empty vertical surfaces into liveable and attractive private space. Mimicking parasit-ic qualities, the home is designed for durability and ad-aptability, evident in its construction out of prefabricated panels so that the home can be affixed onto any wall or pylon large and strong enough to hold it.

Smooth Transition on High Line The parasitical structures on the Green Line no longer seek to force people to meet or understand each other. These structures provide the chance for people to catch a glimpse of the “other’s” life, without having to deal with established bias and misconceptions.

Parasite Designed by DoCK Lab as a provocation towards high rise rigid architecture

Green Brain A university showcase and first point of call for many pro-spective students. The green of the front door is most visible in its cloud-like awning on Swanston Street and contrasts strikingly against the university’s heritage col-ours, in a predominantly red brick building.

Hanging Tower The upside-down skyscraper is composed of light-weight carbon-fiber suspended from a concrete cantile-ver and wrapped with a shade-providing spiralling metal shell. Latching on to the side of the canyon, the tower is suspended above the Colorado River with views both up and down the canyon and of the Hoover Dam

Ame-Lot A project that inserts itself into an urban interstice: the thickness of a blind wall. It’s within the thickness of these walls that this thin building is constructed. The urban form is an extension of the blind walls, which houses using the existing.No building is destroyed, and no pollution generated.

41 Cooper Square Stair atrium in a free-form invader of an otherwise con-ventional interior of straw man “square” spaces to em-body Lebbeus Woods’ statement, “I am at war with all authority that resides in fixed and frightened forms.”

Parasitic city Salerno-Reggio Calabria Provides an opportunity to re-engage the surrounding towns with the valleys and other terrain of the area. The proposal calls for a gentle ramping platform that connects the top of the bridge to the bot-tom of the valley floor, with houses and shops built on the bridge to create a new city grounded in the foundation of the old project.

Characteristics

Vacant rooftop Crowd

Heritage buildingAbove 5 storey

Unused space/room Abandoned structure

Characteristics

Intense city layer

Urban node

Park/garden Vacant rooftop

Motorway air space

Blank wall

Alter host’s spatial pro-gram

Characteristics Vs.

Attack location

Manipulate host’s colour, facade

Cause inflammation to host

I.e.: redness, swollen, painful, hot

endoparasite ectoparasitemesoparasite

Zombify dead host

Puncture host’s skin

Make host babysit the egg/parasite,

Telling host to channel them nutrients

ectoparasite

berlin free zone 3-2, lebbeus woods

Once characteristics of parasitic struc-ture are recognized and identified, the second step is to analysis location of attack. As a control method, Melbourne CBD is used due to its familiarity, build-ing height variation, juxtaposition of new buildings with heritage buildings and par-asitic ‘nutrients’ are widely available.

Analysing possible host or urban area is also a crucial part to generate the al-gorithm of attack. This narrows down attack-prone locations and allow mi-cro-host / buildings to be further under-stood.

The process was done with help of Google Earth to get ‘access’ to rooftops and aerial view is further understood. Apart from that, numerous trips are

done on foot, tram, train and car to gain the idea of how Melbourne CBD is per-ceived and experienced by Melburnian along with her visitors.

The step assists in designing new struc-tures within a context which is chal-lenged - more like customized - by its host unique peculiarities. This includes, window location, noise level, levelling, user intensity during different times, ad-vertising, cultural artworks and the list goes on.

This step also allow parasitic structures to work with its surrounding; repress-ing them, hiding from them, celebrating them, making fun of them, improving them, changing them or even support-ing them.

STEP 2 urban analysis

Train network

Train stops

Tram stops

Bus stops

Bicycle network (existing + new)

Commercial public parking

Rooftop barRooftop garden

Rooftop campingRooftop cinema

Car-free zone

Park

Free public wifi points

CBD as main host

Attack-prone area

Attack-prone micro-hosts

Possible micro-hosts

Micro-hosts

Micro-hosts

terrain, lebbeus woods

Like a living organism, the new structures grow over time according to its charac-teristics and growth algorithm. This new structures sustain their existence by si-phoning energy from the surplus supply demonstrated in host buildings.

The growth rule describes how archi-tecture of new and foreign object could grow yet be in unity, producing a strange network. Its architecture is stable and carefully calculated to give the impres-sion a city could grow and become denser but things are under control. The continually developing society, unfortu-nately, is obstructed by the inertness of existing system. However, the growth rule responds to existing system and it does not stop there; the rule improvise existing system.

This growth rule are distinguished by physical and mental systems. Physi-cal system consist of individual building analysis as listed in Micro-host (Step 2). mental systems consists of Characteris-tics (Step 1).

When will it stop growing? Until all aban-doned structures are claimed, until all rooftops are being utilized with activities, until all blank walls aren’t gone to waste; until there are no more ‘nutrients’ to be absorbed.

Intense city? It’s a growing city, after all.

STEP 3 growth rule

Rooftop with proximity to train station

Rooftop 1-3 storey high

Linkage within 30m radius be-tween new structures

Blank walls

Linkage within 30m radius be-tween new structures

Rooftop 3-5 storey high and motorway air space

Linkage within 60m radius be-tween new structures

Abandoned building + space

nine reconstructed boxes, lebbeus woods

Programmatic usage is predetermined to control and ensure functions of new structures are abiding urban DMA the-ory, richness of functions, hence, con-figuring a network of built structure that provides new perspectives or orientation to the public users and importantly; of-fers new vibrant spaces.

The notion of parasitic structures is dropped here when functions start to di-verge to serve its host. Here begins mu-tualism between existing structure and new structure.

Step 4 is to assign pre-set programmat-ic usage of which function of parasite will be contrasting with its host to keep the balance of order and incident (urban de-sign term for balancing consistency and

variety in the urban environment in the interests of appreciating both) as well as space activation.

STEP 4 pre-set programs

These illustrations in next pages map out infected area & parasite structures where they absorb nutrients from host along Swanston Street and 1 block ra-dius. But when the parasitic structure could no longer animate the space, function & fit (urban design term used to define shaping places to support their varied intended uses) is applied where these new structures become amenity spaces to existing buildings.

The elevated urban layer starts to nego-tiate with its context thus allowing new option to travel across the city and it is possible to walk from one end to anoth-er end without leaving the building. The collage rolls out a set of notable buildings of which the new structure will respond to, such as absorbing their notable qual-ities.

siteline vienna, lebbeus woods

The final stage of Manifest Destiny is to put it on test. After the idea of symbi-osis in architecture is fully understood, algorithm is ruled in its place; the code is allowed to run.

A set of form testing is run on one sam-ple. Basic geometrical volumes are heavily manipulated in order to achieve propositional outcomes & buildability.

Swanston St is sliced to investigate elevated interconnectivity, silhouette, footprint of new urban layer, levelling & relationship with context. Investigation continues with slicing Swanston St with-in one block radius to ensure the new structures will not ruin other buildings. From these sections, a few points are picked to be developed further in terms

of programmatic use, spatial qualities, and relationship with existing structure including skylight, structure, safety and comfort.

A specimen located in Bourke Street where the new structure grows on Roy-al Arcade rooftop, enveloping around Causeway Inn. It serves as lookout point but absorbing ornament qualities of Roy-al Arcade. This structure also absorbs crowd, location and status of its host structure in order to keep on living.

Other examples are like public library on top of Asian food outlets, a wedding chapel above bank where it’s connect-ed with indoor adult playground, Sealife 2.0 over heritage hotel and music venue hanging on top of Collins St.

application

Form experimentation

Form experimentation

Sections

Visualizing how the city could be utilized, interactions between users and archi-tecture, relationship between levels of buildings, and documenting juxtaposi-tion of new structure and existing struc-ture.

Sections

Aquarium: SEA Life Melbourne 2.0

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ders

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ders

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lins

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Music venue; open air concert, en-closed music venue, Melbourne Music Week, Melbourne White Night, Mid-summa, Melbourne International Jazz Festival

Urban farming; hydroponic, communi-ty farming, community environment park

Adult playground; extreme sports park, Krump Park, ball pool, skate park, Moomba Festival, Melbourne Fringe Festival

Litt

le C

ollin

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rke

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Urban farming; hydroponic, communi-ty farming, community environment park

Chapel / Cathedral; wedding chapel, LGBT chapel

Library; free library, micro-library, State Library Express, charging station

Theatre; Melbourne Art Cen-tre, Urban Theatre, cinema, art gallery, emerging artists’ exhibi-tion space, Melbourne Designer Market, Founder Keepers Mar-ket

Adult playground; extreme sports park, Krump Park, ball pool, skate park, Moomba Festival, Melbourne Fringe Festival

Littl

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nsda

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Lons

dale

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Food court: Asian food court Wellness: Spa & health service, sauna, beautician, hair salon, manicure pedi-cure

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Wellness: Spa & health service, sauna, beautician, hair salon, manicure pedi-cure Education: RMIT Robotic Team, Kuka

room, advance architecture lab, 3d printing lab, laser cutting lab, Arduino class, scripting playground

Wellness: Spa & health service, sauna, beautician, hair salon, manicure pedicure

Library; free library, micro-library, State Library Express, charging station

Aquarium: SEA Life Melbourne 2.0

Adult playground; extreme sports park, Krump Park, ball pool, skate park, Moom-

ba Festival, Melbourne Fringe Festival

Chapel / Cathedral; wedding chapel, LGBT chapel

Music venue; open air concert, enclosed music venue, Melbourne Music Week,

Melbourne White Night, Midsumma, Mel-bourne International Jazz Festival

Food court: Asian food court

Eliza

beth

St.

Food court: Asian food court

Bar & club: Thematic bar, Hanging Club

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Section along Lonsdale St.

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Amenities: ME Bank creative village, Melbourne Central leisure place, break-out space for Melbourne Centre & ME Bank Tower

Section along La Trobe St.

Eliza

beth

St.

Street views

Envisioning pedestrian visual documen-tation, projecting experience from street level since Swanston Street is pedestri-an and cyclist friendly, and ensuring den-sity of new structure + sky is in balance.

Street views

SEA Life 2.0 at the corner of Flinders & Swanston Street. Entrance is via

Young & Jackson Hotel. Mesoparasite

The street skyline is getting more in-tense, permeability now becomes part of city silhouette. Vertical connections

are located at higher traffic volume

Vertical connector located at larger crowd area to tap crowd into new structure. Architectural qualities are absorbed from notable hosts, in this case, Victoria architecture that could be found in Royal Arcade building.

What is the place of one person - any individual - in the complex, ever-changing landscape of the world? It is a question without a

fixed or universal answer.

Lebbeus Woods

Moments

User experience with relation to its interi-ority, indoor ambiance, volume of light in a space, taste of linkage safety as com-pared to street level, and to seize the moment where everyone could utilize an new city layer.

Moments

Attaching on blank walls and skylight-free rooftops provide opportunities to embrace

the juxtaposition of which parasitic structure could be used for amenities such as micro

urban farming or breakout space.

Larger connectors could be rented out for small business like coffee cart.

A linkage serving as additional study space or student union operation room for RMIT as it hangs between Building 37 and Building 8.

system wien, lebbeus woods

The importance of the letting it initially run parasitic is to be found in the residue of its aspirations. This can be a physi-cal transformation of the urban systems and will cause the city to better fit the needs of the capricious society. Another residue is the awareness with users of the parasite. This is not about a physical, but a mental transformation of the urban systems.

According to stereotypes, parasite is a political means that has less favoura-ble place in our society. Somehow, we often forgot its virtue; enable to react swiftly according to changes in our built environment, it withdraws itself from the existing system of legislation, and fore-seeing boundaries between possibilities and admissibilities. Parasitic architecture

with ability to perform mutualism, is thus an effective means for architect to create the rapidly changing desires of society into urban shapes.

Summing it all up, Manifest Destiny is a project to experiment the authorship of the city, suggesting an alternative con-necting device among existing urban grain, increase the city’s interconnect-edness, changing the way we occupy forgotten spaces in increasingly dense urban area and learning from the results of having a network of elevated symbiot-ic structures, with the hope that we can rethink relationships and connectivity within the city.

conclusion

1. Lara Schrijver, The archipelago city: piecing together collectivities; Oase 71,2006, Nai Uitgevers, Rotterdam

2. Lebbeus Woods, The Storm and the Fall; 2004, Princeton ArchitecturalPress, New York

3. Geoff Manaugh,“Without Walls: in-terview with Lebbeus; 2007, http://bldgblog.blogspot.com/2007/10/with-out-walls-interview-with-lebbeus.html

4. Http://members.chello.nl/j.jongeleen/guidelines.html

5. Liesbeth Melis, Parasite paradise: a manifesto for temporary architecture and flexible urbanism

references

6. Francois Blanciak, Siteless : 1000 building forms

7. Stan Allen, Landform building : archi-tecture’s new terrain

8. Bjarke Ingels, Hot to cold : an odys-sey to architectural adaptation

9. Hartmut Bohnacker, Generative de-sign : visualize, program, and create with processing

10. Daniel Shiffman: Learning Process-ing : a beginner’s guide to programming images, animation, and interaction

11. Frei Otto, Frei Otto : complete works : lightweight construction, natural design

12. Lorraine Farrely, Drawing for urban design

13. Simone Schleifer, Cloud9 : rooftop architecture

14. Rafael Cuesta, Urban design

15. K. Al-Kodmany and M. M Ali, The future of city tall buildings and urban de-sign

16. Merel Pit, Karel Steller and Gerjan Streng, #1 : Parasitic architecture

17. City of Melbourne, Plan our Mel-bourne