物 あれ/がわあ協ルをつ7プ み′ご,浄レ…〃 ,こル 角ェ脇ォ ″多ん夕わ た ィ ノ

ク″,ゥた

です。/茅//っチ,F>力み

Mangala‐Symbolsin lBuddhist Sanskrit

Manuscripts and lnscHptiOns

GUSTAV ROTH

l. At the beginning of lnany Buddhist Sanskrit manuscripts, which were written in

lndia cn palinsieaves during the llth and 1 3th centurics A.D. in PrOtO‐Bengali‐cum_Maithi五

紳 描 品 撫 品 鵠 甘 境撤

群 群 寵 魯

協

浮

i糾撫 紺 裾儲 柵 戦(りCertain mangalム‐symbols are often writt〔

round:(2).

(2) Besides, aot so frequentiy, the symb01(3)appears at the beginning berore″ αttο域″′冴物り4

(3) Inside a hand‐written text,at the end Of a particular sectiOn,we and the auspiciOus

symbol:(4)which can be rrequently traced.

(4) At the end of a main scction,and at the nnal end,we nnd the r011。wing ausPicioussymbois.(5)(0(7)1(Pl・ 1)

2. EditOrs of these Sanskrit manuscripts frOEI Tibet, interpreted the symbols re―

Ferrcd to in para l(1),(2),(3),without distinction,as the sacred monOsyllable θ″.

F o r e x a m p l e , t h e s y m b o l ( 9 a t t h e b e g i n n i n g O f v a s u b a n d h u ' s A b h i d h a r m a‐■O S a‐

bhatta manuscript is rerrescnted as θ″beFore招 材θ』″″どhaメαin P,Pradhan's edition.」

In this cOnnection l may obscrve that the symbol("loOkS Very similar tO the ngure

(10)・・four"at the margin of 4b ofthe Abhk Bh,pal[■‐leaF Inanuscript.

In「he Sane manner,this particular symbol is treated as θ″in Ntt Dutt's edition oFthe Bodhisattvabh3ml, in R.C. Pandeya's edition or the Madhyanta‐Vibhaga_sastra, inSita Ram Roy's edition of the Suvar■a‐varttavadana,5 and Othcr cditions.

端 g脇,甘T皆!盤酬温:名ま棚】,8登鮮;糖sPi研脇 協崩!

//― クP/―,ダル 影 す デ各 )

23

・

7ロ

240 cttsr2ッRθrカ

The other way rOund,the curve turned to the right, the symbol(12)is written at

the beginning of the Saratama manuscrlpt beFore″ 閉αを 最Tリツα‐』″びaれα‐Bcahfsarッタうヵノα″,

just on the top line,to which nO reference is made in Padmanabh S.Jaini's edition.7

The same shape of this symbol can be traced at the beginning oFthe Doha_kasa

manuscript. Its editor Sri R,Sankrityayana8 haS nOt taken notice oFit,which precedes″湧″αカ

ざarザlla‐J材々 ノα・

HoWever the Symbol(13)is Far IBore frequently to be found in the mttority of theBuddhist Sanskrit manuScripts, photographed by Sri R. Sankrityayana. We also nnd

it at the beginning oF not yet published manuscripts, is for instance at the beginning oF

the PancakramadiO manusCript, where we read(14)Here, Siadh′ ヵ seems tO explain the

symlol p・eceding it,if we are allowed to understand this symbol as sFattα″==siddhルαsr″.

we and the same symbol preceding″α″αみ岳チ/a」irasθrドら″in the Kalacakra manus‐

lript,1° and preceding ttα秘o/2」iraSarッαメα in the Mahakttacakra manuscript.ltt

3. Our symbol(lS is alSO frequently used in inscriptional records frOm about the

9th cent. A.D.,usually interpreted as O″ . In this way, it is understood by R.G.

コhandarkar,whO published the``Deoli Plates or K五 shna IH, Saka‐ samvat 862(=941A,D.)

i n E I , V 9 1 ・V ( 1 8 9 8 o 9 9 ) p p . 1 8 8 ‐1 9 7 .

The only epigraphist,to my knowledge, who does nOt fOllow this line oF interpretation,

is Pro生 D.Ca Sircar, wLo seesin the Symbol(16)siaah47″ . For an example,take his artiCle

盤 吊 総

a結

総 |ぴ とni統 灘;,輪

謎 鮮 1鬼 !≧ 1材 女性 ギ 習 i出:叱 s:格 綜 搭

w h i c h l i n d u d e a r e p r o d u c t i o n ( P l . 2 ) , t h e t W O S y m b o l s ( 1 7 ) b e f o r e s y a s r ,″α″θβ力々g a l P a r e

路母&翔i課胡t母縄齢錯t襴翻群1部1跳概in E I,VOl.XXXII,Part VH,Delhi 1960,p.303.

良egarding the intettretation of(18)as S材"ね′'7,A.L.Basham,folloWS Do C.Sircar

in his edition ofthe Pallad Plates of Bhimadeva I, VoS。1112(=1056 A.D.)in EI, Vol.

XXXIII,part VI,pp.235‐ 237.

The two examples,recorded by D.C,Sircar,make it Clear enough that the symbol(19)

sO difFerent in shape from the f011。Wing O″‐r″α″gaわ,cannot be taken for thc Same.

In aH the cases h Whにh thS ttmbol appears ttrcar rettrs to i in Ыs note:“啓pressed

by symbol." In the same way,A.L.Basham proCeeds.

Is the interpretation of our symbol undcr diScussion aS S'aahα″,justined?

…セ ''4

Ma″gara‐sノ″:うθなi′[β″d戯、おr Sa4sたrfr Ma″″scr"rs a″″乃ぽCrripriθ′2S 241

A study orthe usage oF SF'ど'lα′,r in earlier inscriptions and manuSCriptS may help to

answer this questiOn.

4. Atthe beginning oF the ASoka inscriptions(ca.265‐ 240 BC)。 Mangala‐ symbols

arc very rarc. Here, we only and a pair OF Svastika symb01S,perhaps the most ancient ones

or thcir kind,on thC facc oFthc Second Separate Rock‐Edict of JauBada, fOr which you see

E.Hultzsch,1l p. 116.

Jaugada is situated in thC Gattam diStriCt,South‐ west oF Dhauli in the Puri district oF

Orissa. Both the ROck EdictS or Dhauli and Jaugada be10ng to lhc important oncs of ASoka's

inscriptions Which are composed in 01d‐ Ardha―Magadhi, the State languaBc of Magadha

at thc time of ASoka.

Let us rcturn to the Second Scparate R E of Jaugada, mentioned above. Hcre,wesee thc Svastika syIIlbols not inteBrated in the tCXt Of the inscriptiOn. They are engraved

活品Fttpミ獣艦鮮驚S盤縦協そ:Setti肪燃r据)冴器鮒跳race9 0nE. Huitzsch,Introduction,p.xiV,n,3,rerers tO sri Harit Krishna Deb's articlelt who

ingeniously explains these SVastikaosymb01S as monograms cOnsisting oF thc two Brahェli

θ's and the ″ ?a as the tlnalletter oF the sacred syllable θ ″. ThiS Would mCan that the

Svastika‐symbolis interrelated with the θ″ Syllable, WhiCh One felt shy to commit to the

profanation oF writing directiy in ancient tilnes.

Howcvcr,the curved Shape of the three engraved Svastikas seems to indicate that these

縛鑑獣 :総ip撫!鴨資縦b薬品fttr鮒

路陥舗器毬謎麟(see Buehler T.II,8).ThuS,We would expcctthe

on the leFt upper margin,beloW a Srivatsa‐symb01, Ofthe HathigumPha Caveェnscription of

Kharavela,udayagiri Hilis,DCar Bhubaneshvar,in the Puゴ District,13 ca.lSt Cent.B.C.).

Later,in the Kushana period ist-3rd cent.A.D., θ takesthe shape o「 (28)and (29)

rsee Buehler,T. rェI,6),from about 350 A.D,til1 800 A.D.o is written(30)462/3A.D.,and

( 3 1 ) c a . 6 7 S A . D 。( s t e B u e h l e r , T . I V , 6 ) .

5, S'aahα″?,fully inscribed as a word,appears for the Srst time in the Mathura inscrip‐

doEtt aS an ausがdOus word tt he be」nnl電lPそ猷協謂蹴 蹴ittS縦

結dated from lstto the 4th cent.A.D. In Janel

the beginning of 15 inscriptions. SFrrJ/7α′,2,reprcsented by a mangala sylnbol,I cOuld not tracc

here.Mangala‐symb01S are only included insidc inscriptions. Eight oF thcnl, rosettes and a

Srivatsュ‐symbOl,you rlnd embraced in inscriptions reproduced on p.278, referring to para 44

of Janerl's edition.

In the early Cupta inscriptions, included in J.F. Fieet's publicationlS the auspicious

w o r d S i d a h a材= s i a d h F r αざr材`` a c o m p l i s h m e n t s h a l l b e ' ' i s u s e d a t t h e b c g i n n i n g i n t h c m a i o r i t y

oF tttc inscriptions.The syllable O″is not expressed by actual letters.In a number Of symbols

at the COE】 Inenccment oF the Gupta insCriptions, Flect iSinclined to SじC representations or

242 C2rsraソ沢θrカ

0″without JVing reasons.Hc states that θ″``is not or very frequent uSe in Buddhist

inscriptions."

Frequently,Siddhatt is written in full,standing by itselF at the beginning. In one case,

Si筋力αtt iS preceded byi DrSr2秘in the Siwani Copper‐ Plate lnscription oF Mahartta PraVara‐

sena II,belonging to the Vakatake dynasty in the】 Dekkban(ca。 280‐520A.D.). For reference

see Fleet,p.245.

In the Sanskrit Aphsad Stone rnscriptiOn oF'玉 dityasena, who belonged to the fanlily

ofthe later Guptas of Magadha,dated ca.675 A.D.by Buじ hicr,Indischc Palacographie,Ta丘

W,col.XVIII‐ XiX,the word Sia,ha″ :is replaced by the symbol(32,befOre ttsr‐/冴α″r卜sa力αsra

...,in which Fleet(p.202)sees a representation of O″ .Buehier,ib,line 6 reFers to it as

letter θ,without indicating that it represents a symbol.So Far,I have not Found(33)used inside

the Aphsad inscription or elsewhere inside inscriptions and inanuscHpts as an initial letter θ.

It is,thereFore,Inore likety that the symbol(34)at thc beginnin3 0f the Aphsad inscriptioB,

is one of the marks, which replaじ e Sfaal■αルa as its symbolic representation! For further

remarks,see paras,6,7 0f this article.

Atthe be」 nlling of the lndor Copper・ Piate lnscriptiOn oF Skandagupta the year

146(=465‐ 66A.D.),whiCh rcfers to the Early Cupta king Skandagupta(Fleet,pp.68‐ 72,

Plate ix B in particular),the WOrd sFaahα″:is cleady eagraved, which shows a palaeoBraphic

detail by the way of presenting it as(35)belbre l,α″1・ゥr″WhiCh we shali flnd written precisely

in the same lnanner in Buddhist Sanskrit BrahmiinanusCripts,discovered in Chinese TurkestanⅢ

Here,we flnd the anal″ 4 0F Siaaれαtt written lower the line oF writing with a horizOntal dash

on top ofit,which indicates the Virama!

6。 Sfβどんα″:written in full,can also be traced in Buddhist Sanskrit manuscripts, dis‐

covered in Chinese i「urkestan,↑hough most oFtherl are in a fragmentary statc. The indings

of these valuable dOcuments, as far as they are avallable in Cerman C01lections, have been

catalogued in Cerman language, with transscriptS and facsiinile reproductions,in Sanskri_

thandscLdften aus den Turfanfunden X: 1,4,Franz Steiner Verlag: Wiesbadcn 1965, 1968,

1 9 7 1 , 1 9 8 0 ( A b b r e v . : S H T ) .

InS H T, Xl,Nr.60,TaFe1 23,(Pl.3),we flnd Siaど '■2′?! in full with Virama dash On

top of the inal″7α, Written in the same manner as observed at the bcgianing oFthe lndor

Copper‐Plate inscription of Skandagupta,to which rcFerence is lnade at the cnd of para 5 oF

this article.

InS H T,X2,Ta住 23,reFerence t0 152 aR(in SHT X,1,p.87: Nidanasattyukta),16

we have a fragmentary,but a very clear specimen ofthe Furthcr development of our SF`!ど a′,!

into a Mangala‐ Symbol(Pl.4).Here,We and wdtten i(36)beroreタ ッα″ ″22/aヤ 冴(r2″).The

virama dash on top ofthe nnal″ 。F SFdaha閉 , is distinctly embraced by thc symbol(37),

Could a copyist lnake the closc interrelationship between the word Sfadhα′″and its symbol

clearer thali in this way?

The credit for understanding the particular flnal′″with its Virama dash On top within

a symbol goesto Mr.Klaus Wille,M.A., research worker in the ScElinar fuer lnd。 logie und

Ma4″ ね‐sメ′,7bθなれ β″attiFsr sα″sた″J′肋「α′コ材驚r"rS α″メカ!scr″r′θ′rs 243

Buddhismuskundc at(3oettingell University, whcn wc discussed S,ど どれα〃,at the bcginning oFthe udanavarga, edited by Franz Bernhard,17 and at thc beginning ofthe Candrasitra,

SHT,X3,Nr.876,Ta丘 47.876 V, dealt with by Ernst Waldschmidt, Buddha Frecs the

Disc ofthe MOon(Candrasttra),BSOAS 33, 1970,pp.179‐ 183.In both the caseS,thc anal″oF S,秘れα″ is treated as the case oF theiNidanasattyukta Ms,mentioned above,with a Virama

dash on top,enclosed by its Symbol. Bernhard noticed it, and got it printcd:sidaん α′"(38)atthc beginning of his edition without coIIlmento WaldschElidt alsO did not refer to it.

Further examples oF this spccinc type oF writing the naal′,2 0F Sfdahα′,2 with the Viramadash on top ofthe,,7,Surrounded by theline ofthe symbol,can be nOtcd in the s】 工 T, Fori n s t a n c e t S ガ名 χ ′, N r . 6 6 1 , T a i 2 2 ( ■O t s i d d h a r t h a m ( s i c ) p . 3 0 2 ) ; X l , N r . 1 4 0 , T a i 2 9 ;

s r r t t r J , N r . 8 3 7 , T a 住2 1 , 8 3 7 a V ; N r . 8 3 8 , p . 7 o : s ′ガ″んα, , コ, T a i 2 4 , 8 3 8 B l . 3 V , i n t h eEliddle of line 2, before l'2,/r7″P2″β; Nr. 876. Tan 47.876V,bcrore,ヵ α〕,海y″′2′,7. Forfurther reFerences oF SFadl■αルちSce Worterverzeichnis l‐3,and WSrtervcrzsichnis 4,included at

t h e e n d o f S H T , X 4 .

7.Out of this mark(39),placed On the top of the nnal ′,7, With the Virama as its

central point, a symbol evolved, wbich becamc indepcndent From thc word ざ fれr/3α″7,

by replacing itin iater inscriptions and manuscripts in ditterent Forms, Frequently, it takes

the shape oF(40)both in inscriptiOns and manuscripts,for instance at the beginning oF the

Malga Plates oF Samanta lndraraia(Ca.650 A.D.)publiShed by D.C.Sircar and S.

SankaranarayanaD, El, Vol.XXXIII,Part V,Delhi一 ―Calcutta 1960,pp.209‐ 214,who under‐

stand this mark as SF″ ″力α″2,and remarks in n.5,p.211 : ｀ `Expressed by symbol''. I do not

know which reasons ied them tO this intcrpretation which is conarm3d by our investtgations.

Very frequcntiy the Sf所ガカα′,2 symbOl(41)appears togethcr with θ ″ (42)in“ SanskritManuttripts from Japan''(FacSimile Edition)reproduced by PrOr.Dr. Lokesh Chandra,

N e w D e l h i 1 9 7 2 , S a t a p i t a k a ‐S e r i e s V 。1 . 9 3 , p . 6 4 f F .

A variatiOn Or this sidaぁ αtt symb01 0ccurs frequently inside the Bhiksu恥 F‐Vinayalllanuscript(ca. 1lth cent, A.D.)oF the Mahasalllghika‐ Lokottaravidins at the end or a

particular Vinaya section,as well as in the Abhisamacarika_】 Dharma VinayalS oF the sames c h o o l , t o w h i c h ェr e r c r r e d h p a r a l ( 3 ) o F t h i s a r t i c l e 。( 4 3 ) w h i c h w e w o u l d r e a d w i t h D . C .Sircar Siどdあα秘 (Expressed by symb01)ヵ a″惚力, at the beginning of “A Stonc lnscriptionfrom Kudarkot(《 3avidhumat)"WhiCh F.KielhOrn,reads θ ″″α″7α力,Who edited and transiatcdthis inscription which is dated about the latter hal「 of the seventh century.in E Iヽ′ol.1,Calcutta 1892,pp, 179‐ 184.

In a more recent contribution,entitled :``Thcヽ イi3ration Or the 、ィagic SyHablc OM,''J.J.Boeles19 p.43, holds the same view,who dealt wkh a great variety Or symb。 ls‐in ali orゃhich he sces a representation of OM,withOut taking other possibilitics in to cansideratiOn.

8.At the vcry beginningior thc Bhiksu,F,Vinayalヽs,the symbol(41)is written which I

cttsraw ttοrみ244

read O″ F01lowed by″ α″コθ』″aah湧メα,accepting it in the text of lny edition. Now,in the light

OF the preViOus diSCusslons,I am more inclined,nOt tO Sce O″in it, but tO undeFStand it as

a Variety oFthe Siddha symbol on thc ground oFthe folloWing observation. At thc beginningdated about the cnd of llth cent. A.D.,Of the Dcopara Stone lnscription of VttayaSena,

群糖塩准品。稲灘桃も品品よ隅孔縦謎説出品ぷ‖督'餅七『httC品::″αttβ″ざf)'fノα・ ・

H娘群群品謎襟胡撤 督股出岳lttS拭品1監e揺ぜ路黙。甘ど`合淵

V(1898-99),pp.181‐ 188,which Kiclhorn(p.183)tranSCribes O″ 0″.

I rnay reHlind you of the parallelsequence oF symbols with Staahα″?expressed by a

symbol of a difFerent shape discussed in para 2 oF this article.

This sequenCe demonstrates the close interrelationship between the two Mangala―

縄襴 昔路宅麟と出幡i斜登:を品結苫☆拙伊:;揖

島il螢笠留材f告キ争緊幣督盟

価wまh糾謎s縛苫ぼ謀縮鑑緩藍ば部騨鵠推指鵠around a dividing axis on the surface ofthel

器・燃!贈品:撒g渋品協私y野淵1颯斌機,1だ陥縄:器

r猛鮮岳黙繊:

following mape:(40

1n this figure,one OF the earliest representatiOn's oF the Siaaliam symbol have been

preserved(See n.21).

A more archaic feature of Our symb01 Can be traced on a piuar capital tca.lSt Cent,B.C.)WhiCh iS kept iよthe Patna Museum at Patna with reFerence to■ulandibagh.22

There are three Sf腹れα初‐一-1lke designs, syElinetrically arranged on each side of an axis,

representing a lotus shoot evolving from two aanking leaves,which produces the impression

oF a lotus palmette(Pl.5).ThiS rectangular capital, with its promineat vOlutes, indudes a

number of foreign decorative elements which it unites in creative Larmony. Take note oFthe

four rows abo▼c prttccting in an ascending order i the egg,and・dart moulding design,aanked

by volutes, whiCh have,their counter part below;the nOw of a spirallneander;a beed and

reel device,and on top ofitthe abacus,decorated with a row oF eight・ petalled lotus‐rosettes.

The nrst three decorative designs are frequently used in Ancient Creek and ROman decorative

patterns,of which the spiral lneander called in Cerman `・ LauFender Hund" can atready be

traced in pre‐historic ceraIIlics,23

In the top row of the eight‐ petaHed iotus‐rosettes, which also aH the concentric

沌 w屯 も ヽ掩ご抵弘【け 静

‐10 1‐

や

te tOけ―

じ草

鵡 召韻 マ項隠1 嗅即怖 配

71CT06RApH:と とuSTttTrttG THE SyHBoLS

0 率

牟 翻 ・ 親?

◆ 奉 ポｒめヽ

Ａｎ◆ＯＹ

ヽぐメ

Plate No。 1

ギ 'Hい ▲|…ミ

・1

1 ・r

Ⅲ・

6

18

10

年

代”・．

２

　

本

４

ヽ

・恥

ヽイikrti11lti 1 2S2(Sctilc i c)1l c,half)

|

臣4

Platc

現

対

い「

―

ンて１，

と

つ か と習

● ″ ″

ぞ逸 ヂ ダヽ

●

See C.

■ siddham li eVュ中 maya 6ru ///2 vastyュ早 viharati s7n角 lm Se[t]/イ/′/5 bhagavatt bhiksln=巨IIIantraty]///

4 m―anabhi sattbuddhasyとaika[k土]///

Tripathi, O.c,, p. 64, reference n. ■ 6

of thi〔i artic■e.

Piate r 0ヾ.4

,~

tr■ ●

い

ヽ

　

　

　

ｑ

　

　

　

‘　

　

　

　

／

ｆ

玉

■　

　

　

　

．　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

　

、

‐‐

■予“路野亀呼けＬ声」

ド■一】馬卓・ギゃ丁ｔ

ｔ　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　”　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

Ｉ　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　．

　

●，こ工■８■■■ＥＥＥＥ■、

円一い小命

Ｚ

Ｏ・い。　　不

いユ■Ｚ

Ｆ

６０・∽∩ゴュ浄一くＯＣの

中く

　ｏいｏ話

Ｆ　やｃ∽府一ポヽ，「〇コヨ

”Ｆ

■在■ピユおう 千・

{100 B C)Piatc No.5. Pillar Capital.

〃α/gaわ―妙′,わ。なれ 』″冴ダカおr Sa″sを″Fr〃α′′パごr?rs α′P″ルPsごr?′ゎ″s

circles oF the nanktBg vOlutcs,G.Combaz!4 seeS a dccOrative pattern particularly charactc_

ristic for Ancient Persian decor.

h tts watt we tte ne protttype of he S材筋御野mbi告簿品 枇ぽ培崖群ま比捉乱器oF a lotus‐pallnette,cOnnectcd with patterns oF worid‐wide desi

into a particurar lndian cOncept Of decorative art as an exprcssiOn of its symb01ism.

I had the chance to see the twO rcmarkable pieces Of art under discussiOn which wcre

cleaned by special treat】コent,thus restored tO their original splendOur,in an exhibition OF theNatiOnal MuseuIIl,Janpath New Delhi, On the occasion Of

ference on BudhhisHl and National Cuitures''October 10 tO ls the “First lnternatiOnal con‐

i, 1984,which was inauguratcdby the late Prilne Minister of lndia,Mrs.Indira Gandhi.

/』』Rど///rroNS

AbhkBh,/あ ヵデ材んα″′,7α‐たθSα_うヵ″sメa oF Vasubandhu.Bhi‐Vin(Ma_L),』 力たず″″′‐Fin メ々α Of the Mahasattghika‐ LokOttaravadins,Bbh,ど θブたなβ′ル2うん″′,P,Of Asnga.

C.I.J.,crjヮ ″s rr7SCr,r′θ″!″″rzttcα′″′,ユロEI,多 竹rqβ力協力′ガfごα.0.C.,年,β″ ごFrarθ(=in the wOrk quoted).RE,ROck Edict.

S II T,Sanskrit‐Handschrirtcn aus den Turranrunden,

汽orこ s

l . T h e p h o 的‐n e g t t v e s O F h e B u d d 断並S a n s k t t M s s p l 紺

3 : よ群 提 品 a f 鍵i : 甘温yana, and their reprOductiOns in albums, are kept in thcSocicty,Museum Buildings,Patna.Bihar,India.See Bhi_vin(Ma_L)Ms f01.80a.5‐

7-Plate10 A. 4 5‐7, fOl. 73a. 5‐6=Piate 9A.5.5‐ 6,which rerers to the reprOductiOn of Mse see

Plate l of this articie, reproduced from:Hemartta Sikya,RzttakTya Prttia‐pratitthana,Kathmandu Vie Sanl■ 2030(i973デ ド:'景

1魯

.逮 s卜praka最、 Nepala

2. P. Pradhan, editor,

Research lnstitute, Patna 1961 Abhidharma‐

koSa‐bhasya Of Vasubandhu, K.P. Jayaswal

7, p.1. See AbhkBh. Ms s01.

beginning of the Tibetan versiOn(Pe li5,p.127_2‐ 6)wc nnd tib・

1 ==Plate lB.1.!. At the

he symbOl(47)berore rgJ,α _gαr s α々″‐d材….… ``in the Sanskrit ianguage''... In cOntrast withthe Sk.versiOn, thc Tibetanversion condnues iり を″_ウβトブ,メα力S'gzθ″‐″″r‐抑イ′″フα わ β/P/宅_'rs力αトノθ 〃α″″予ュ々 ″期″″、あた力 )々α″αttα力).Neither A.CsOma de Koros,Grammar Of thc Tibetan Language,Calcutta

1834,[301.nor H,Sakya,0.c.in n.1,sce蔦 (48)a represenlexplain its meaning. ヽ iati°

n oF O″ . Thcy dO nOt

3.Nalinaksha DUTT, EditOr, BOdhisattvabh【 】mi, K.P.Jayaswal Research lnstitute.Patna 1966,p.1 :ο ″ ′,α′,,Oβ″玉ふ らα.In n.1,he rerers to Tib. θ ″″β″,力 sα″ドα‐』″餞d ■ヽ4_』θ″んなar rマう力,〕

tβ力. H o w c v e r , i n t h e T i b e t a n v e r s i o n , q u C t e d b y U n r a i W o G I H A R A , e d i t o「

,Bodhisattvabhimi: TOky0 1936(Reprint, TOkyo 1971), p.1, there is no indicatiOn cr θ″.

Wogihara quOted the Tibctan text at the beginning OF his editiOn,:ls thc Sanskrit is nlissing at

245

Crィsiてイヽ'Rοrん

246

: 脳韮告灘f 樵群謎響瑠路

棋講翻戦鑑ぷ告縛器&黙鋭1識盤1ぞ縄緑yana'S editiOn.

Ma″ g2ra‐道レ′,ルθな 力,最 ′rrrrFrなr sar′sたrFr n々′"′scr"rざ α″″rrrscrゥrFθ′Ps 247

着盟ゴ柵 堂縦1協群機程艦鵠 描盤〕盤盤ittI靴陥

猟協F錨 撤謂喚緯材,裾1絲品粘i縦苗g桃盟 縦r錯脱雛・ドリ″イメα(P,1).

10, CF.Raghu VIRA and LOkesh C

entitled Para′,!″ダ′う″注dhθ7rr/Prra_sr卜Karαごαた′aTexts.Part I,International Academy Of lndia

69)p.332,whO read ο″′2″″,α'S,ユKa脇ごαたr″of the五袴racαたrα Ms,photographed by Ro Sar

10a,The Buddhist Sanskrit PalI卜 Lcaf】mentiolled n,5 of this articie, discOvercd and

the Shalu and the NどOr inonastcries(near Shi‐

(1937).p.46,XXXV12.307s.v.Л イα力″た″′βごβ′s.v。(舟石α々あ・″′rα)S好′′α, correctly idcntined t

(see n.5),Lave both bcen published in facsinlthis article,by Lokesh Chandra. They tare thく

collectiOns or Sanskrit lnanuscripts fOund by ]

hdd。品1岳就路鷲既捕督専黙景品i;が路を地,樹撤胡輩札i留と革艦ht:

A鋭ご〔古d播株塩1狩縛低掛ぜ1号池撫P唱;歌簿注艦!明発拝現i努!也e

centuttC.館協i盟塩d賢ド島熊撫縦

縁概r鍬;鷲鑑偽貴ぎ貫窓;粘a股↓1器iCalcutta 1942 (Second EditiOn, calcutta 191

[Svastikal at the beginning Of his cditiOn OF thisthe nlargin ll.2,4・5'' HOwevcr,I preSer tO se

of a crown, on tOp of the Sド αざrデ片β. Bcsic

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鵡88,品,端岳iE:&船c鮒

枇需:雑鷺1963 and 1970. The publishers,in tbcfr valuab

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22.PammeshwaH Lal GUPTA,EdtOL Patta Museum cIJ。

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