Rudman Investigtation 2009

8/12/2019 Rudman Investigtation 2009

1/185

INEIGAIN IN HE CAL BEHAI F AL FAME

C R

T M S

E U S

P PE D

P PJ P

M 2009


2/185

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C R U S

DECLAAIN

B , I

, , I (

) I

.

M 2009

C 2008 S U

A


3/185

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NI

T

, ,

. T S A I S C (SAISC)

.

T . I

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ANGELINE . T

.

T

. F

. T

. T

, ABAQUS.

T , ,

. T

DRAFT SANS 101601 & 2:2008, SANS 101621:2005.

S, ANGELINE ( )

ABAQUS ( ).

A

.


4/185

I

C R U S

AMEAING

D

. D SA I S

K

.

H . I

.

D ANGELINE

. H

.

D

. V

. D

. D

ABAQUS .

D

. D

SANS 101601 & 2:2008 SANS 10162

1:2005. H ANGELINE (

) ABAQUS ( ).

A ,

.


5/185

I

C R U S

ACKNLEDGEMEN

T :

- P PE D

.

- P PJ P .

- M .

- A : , , . W I

.


6/185

I

C R U S

ABLE F CNEN

DECLAAIN

NI. ..

AMEAING.... ..

ACKNLEDGEMEN......

ABLE F CNEN... .

LI F AENDICE.................................................................................. LI F FIGE ......................................................................................... LI F ABLE........................................................................................... LI F MBL..................................................................................... .LI F ABBEIAIN .............................................................................

1 INDCIN ..........................................................................1.1

1.1

THE PROBLEM........................................................................................................................... 1.1

1.2 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................... 1.1

1.3 FLOW CHART FOR PART 1....................................................................................................... 1.2

2 AE F HE A IN ELAIC INABILI .................................2.1

2.1 THE BEHAVIOUR OF STRUCTURES ............................................................................... 2.1

2.2 ELASTIC INSTABILITY IN PITCHED ROOF STEEL FRAMES..................................................... 2.6

2.3 DETERMINING THE POINT OF ELASTIC INSTABILITY INCLUDING GEOMETRIC

NONLINEARITY.......................................................................................................................... 2.7

2.4 ANGELINE .................................................................................................................................. 2.8

2.5 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 2.10

3 INEIGAIE ANALI ELAIC INABILI........................3.1

3.1 ANGELINE .................................................................................................................................. 3.1

3.2 COLUMN INVESTIGATION....................................................................................................... 3.9

3.3 INVESTIGATIVE ANALYSES: PORTAL FRAMES.................................................................... 3.14

3.4 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 3.18

3.5 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 3.20

4 INLANE CAL BEHAI F AL FAME...........4.1

4.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 4.14.2 OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................................................... 4.2


7/185

I

C R U S

4.3 METHOD OF APPROACH ......................................................................................................... 4.2

5 MDELLING CNIDEAIN F AL FAME.................5.1

5.1 IDENTIFICATION OF A TYPICAL PORTAL FRAME AND LOAD PATTERN............................. 5.1

5.2 TYPES OF ELEMENTS TO BE USED IN MODELLING .............................................................. 5.3

5.3 IMPERFECTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 5.5

5.4 MODELLING OF HAUNCHES.................................................................................................... 5.8

5.5 PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF STRUCTURAL MEMBERS ........................................................ 5.9

5.5 COMPATIBILITY OF SOFTWARE PACKAGES ........................................................................ 5.17

5.6 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 5.18

6 DEIGN F AL FAME ACCDING DAF AN 101601,

& 2 : 2008 AND AN 101621:2005. ..........................................6.1

6.1 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................ 6.1

6.2 LIMIT STATE DESIGN ................................................................................................................ 6.16.3 DESIGN OF A PORTAL FRAME ACCORDING TO DRAFT SANS 101601 & 2 : 2008 AND

SANS 101621:2005 ................................................................................................................. 6.2

6.4 LOAD COMBINATIONS............................................................................................................. 6.3

6.5 CAPACITY OF MEMBERS ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE ............................................................ 6.5

6.6 SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE................................................................................................ 6.11

6.7 DESIGNING THE BENCHMARK EXAMPLE ............................................................................ 6.11

6.8 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 6.14

7 ANALI F BENCHMAK AL FAME ................................7.1

7.1 ANALYSIS OF BENCHMARK PORTAL FRAME ........................................................................ 7.17.2 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 7.10

7.3 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 7.10

8 DEIGN F AL FAME F AAMEE D................8.1

8.1 DEFINITION OF PORTAL FRAMES........................................................................................... 8.1

8.2 DESIGN OF PORTAL FRAMES FOR THE PARAMETER STUDY .............................................. 8.4

8.3 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 8.10

8.4 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 8.10

9 ANALE EL AND DICIN AAMEE D .......9.19.1 RESULTS..................................................................................................................................... 9.2

9.2 DISCUSSION ON RESULTS...................................................................................................... 9.16

9.3 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................ 9.21

9.4 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................... 9.23

10 CNCLIN AND ECMMENDAIN................................10.1

10.1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 10.1

10.2 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................ 10.1


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I

C R U S

11 EFEENCE..............................................................................11.1

11.1 BOOKS...................................................................................................................................... 11.1

11.2 PUBLICATIONS........................................................................................................................ 11.2

11.3 DESIGN CODES........................................................................................................................ 11.2

11.4 INTERVIEWS ............................................................................................................................ 11.311.5 ELECTRONIC REFERENCES..................................................................................................... 11.3


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I

C R U S

LI F AENDICE

AENDI A: ELAIC ABILI F CLMN

AENDI B: ELAIC ABILI F AL FAMEAENDI C: NMBE F ELEMEN

AENDI D: NINAL HINAL LAD

AENDI E: AL FAME DEIGN

AENDI F: DEIGN EL

AENDI G: LADDILACEMEN HI ABA

AENDI H: LADDILACEMEN HI ANGELINE


10/185

I

C R U S

LI F FIGE

F 1.1 F P 1 ................................................................................................. 1.2

F 2.1 N ............................................................................ 2.2

F 2.2 F : () P () P .............................. 2.3

F 2.3 L ........................................................................ 2.5F 2.4 S .......................................................................................... 2.5

F 2.5 E ............................................................................ 2.6

F 3.1 V ANGELINE................................................................................ 3.2

F 3.2 G M C...................................................................................... 3.2

F 3.3 V E ANGELINE.................................................................................... 3.4

F 3.4 S. ............................................................................................................. 3.5

F 3.5 P ..................................................................................... 3.6

F 3.6 G ............................................................................. 3.7

F 3.7 G.......................................................................................................... 3.8

F 3.8 P................................................................................................................ 3.8

F 3.9 K ..................................................................... 3.10F 3.10 F ...... 3.10

F 3.11. S ................................................................................... 3.14

F 3.12 V 2u .................... 3.15

F 3.13 V (C C1).....................3.17

F 4.1 F ........... 4.3

F 5.1 B .......................................................................................... 5.2

F 5.2 L .......................................................................................... 5.3

F 5.3 L .................................................................................... 5.8

F 5.4 H ANGELINE ............................................................................................ 5.9

F 5.5 E I ................................................................................................ 5.9

F 5.6 S ........................................................................ 5.10F 5.7 I ................................................................................... 5.11

F 5.8 V ........................................ 5.12

F 5.9 C ............................................................................ 5.13

F 5.10 V ABAQUS....................................................................................... 5.14

F 5.11() L ................................................................... 5.14

F 5.11() S ............................................................................................ 5.14

F 5.12() L ........................................................ 5.16

F 5.12() S ........................................................................... 5.16

F 6.1 N PROKON B ....................................... 6.11

F 6.2 A F, S F B M D ...................................... 6.13

F 7.1 C ANGELINE ABAQUS........................ 7.1F 7.2() .L ....................... 7.2

F 7.2() .L ............................. 7.2

F 7.3 L ABAQUS ................................ 7.3

F 7.4 L ..................................................... 7.3

F 7.5() L ........................................................................................... 7.4

F 7.5() L ............................................................... 7.4

F 7.6 D 1.736 ............................................................ 7.6

F 7.7 D ...................................... 7.7

F 7.8 L ......................................................... 7.7

F 7.9 A 1.0............................................................... 7.8

F 7.10 S 1.0 ........................................................... 7.8F 7.11 B 1.0.................................................. 7.8


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I

C R U S

F 7.12 LA .......................................................................................... 7.9

F 7.13 LB ............................................................................... 7.9

F 8.1 S ...................................................................... 8.1

F 8.2 P ... 8.2

F 8.3 P ....... 8.3

F 8.4 P , ........................... 8.3F 8.5 D ............................................... 8.4

F 8.6 D ................................................................................................... 8.6

F 8.7 M ........................................................... 8.9

F 9.1 F ........................................................................................... 9.1

F 9.2 M ......................................................................................................... 9.3

F 9.3 C .. 9.17

F 9.4 B ABAQUS ............................................................... 9.18

F 9.5 C ...................................................................................... 9.21

F 10.1 P .................................................................... 10.2


12/185

I

C R U S

LI F ABLET 3.1 V ...................................................................... 3.11

T 3.2. E ..................................................................... 3.13

T 5.1 F ............................... 5.18

T 5.2 P ............................................................................. 5.18

T 6.1 C .......................................................... 6.5T 6.2 C ............................................................................. 6.7

T 6.3 C ................................................................................. 6.7

T 6.4 E ........................................ 6.12

T 6.5 E .................................... 6.12

T 6.6 C I 254 146 37........................................................ 6.13

T 6.7 R I 254 146 37 .......................................................... 6.14

T 8.1 D 24.0, ............................................... 8.6

T 8.2 D 24.0, ................................................... 8.7

T 8.3 D .............................................................. 8.8

T 9.1() Y 24.0 6.0 ................... 9.4

T 9.1() Y 24.0 10.0................. 9.4T 9.1() Y 24.0 14.0 ................. 9.4

T 9.2 Y 24.0 ........................................ 9.5

T 9.3 Y .................................................... 9.6

T 9.4() D ................................................ 9.10

T 9.4() D ....................................... 9.10

T 9.5 D ......................................................... 9.12

T 9.6() D ..................................................... 9.13

T 9.6() D .......................................... 9.13

T 9.7() L 24.0 . 9.14T 9.7() L 24.0 .... 9.14

T 9.7() L ............................ 9.14


13/185

I

C R U S

LI F MBL

A

A

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C

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C

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N

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G,j

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15/185

I

C R U S

LI F ABBEIAIN

ANGELINE A

SAISC S A I S C

SANS S A N S

TUB T U B

LL L L

DL D L


16/185

I 1.1

C R U S

1 INDCIN

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W T C , S 11, 2001,

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I 1.2

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18/185

S 2.1

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2 AE F HE A IN ELAIC INABILI

T

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ANGELINE (

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20/185

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21/185

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22/185

S 2.5

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F 2.3 L [3]

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L

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Displacement

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path

Limit state

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S 2.6

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S [15]

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24/185

S 2.7

C R U S

2.3 DEEMINING HE IN F ELAIC INABILI INCLDING

GEMEIC NNLINEAI

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T S 2.3.1 2.3.2. A

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T

. T ,

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ANGELINE

P P J P T U B G,

P V G U A C E R

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ANGELINE .

T

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ANGELINE

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. T


26/185

S 2.9

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. T ,

[5].

I ,

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[5].

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T . V

.

T ANGELINE C A I

[5].

T C A I

. T D I , N R I M

M N R I M.

T

. I

. I

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T B A I . H,

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[5].

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T .F

C A I

, . T


27/185

S 2.10

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. H,

. A

. I

, .

2.5 MMA

() N .

() T

.

() ANGELINE,

.


28/185

I 3.1

C R U S

3 INEIGAIE ANALI ELAIC INABILI

T

. T :

T ANGELINE .

A

.

A .

3.1 ANGELINE

3.1.1 ANGELINE

T ANGELINE

. ANGELINE 2D

. T 2D 2D

. A .

3.1.2 1: C A

() G I

W

. T M E .

M , ,

. T

F 3.1. A 6.0

12 F 3.2. T

, .


29/185

I 3.2

C R U S

F 3.1 V ANGELINE

F 3.2 G M C


30/185

I 3.3

C R U S

P ,

E. N N E

, E E ,

L E . T

F E

S E .

D 1 2

. A . A

0. T F 3.3.

() A

T . T

. T

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,

. T AE . T

S 3.3.3.

O R E F 3.3. V

, . T

. M ,

. T F

. V,

.


31/185

I

C R U S

F 3.3 V E ANGELINE


32/185

I 3.5

C R U S

() M. .

T , .

S. M. .

M.

M E. T . I

S.. T

2 F 3.4.

F 3.4 S.


33/185

I 3.6

C R U S

3.1.3 2:

() G I

W M E

. I C1 S 3.3.

F 3.5.

F 3.5 P

P

.

W F 3.6.


34/185

I 3.7

C R U S

F 3.6 G

() A

A R E. R

, .

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T G.,

F 3.7.

B , , ,

.


35/185

I 3.8

C R U S

F 3.7 G.

S P., F 3.8. T

,

, ,

.

F 3.8 P.


36/185

I 3.9

C R U S

3.2 CLMN INEIGAIN

T :

() V ANGELINE

T ANGELINE S 3.2.2

.

T E

ANGELINE

.

() T

T

. T S

5.3.

3.2.1 E B

T E 1759 . T E

[2].

T E :

2

2

EKL

EIP

)(

=

,

EI

KL ,

.

F KL

. F 3.9 K


37/185

I 3.10

C R U S

. T P=10.0N. R

.

F 3.9 K [3]

3.2.2 ANGELINE

() D

F 3.10 F


38/185

I 3.11

C R U S

T . C

. C 6.0

10.0 . F 3.10 . A

0.1 .

()

T ANGELINE E

T 3.1.

3.1 V

S

D

S

F

CL

()

ANGELINE

R

E

V

%

D

P 6 0.1290 0.1289 0.1424

P 8 0.0726 0.0725 0.1419

P 10 0.0465 0.0464 0.1356

F 6 0.5184 0.5154 0.5697

F 8 0.2916 0.2899 0.5690

20313325

F 10 0.1866 0.1856 0.5686

P 6 1.8340 1.8314 0.1426

P 8 1.0316 1.0301 0.1427

P 10 0.6602 0.6593 0.1427

F 6 7.3673 7.3254 0.5687

F 8 4.1441 4.1206 0.5692

45719175

F 10 2.6523 2.6372 0.5691

P 6 4.1841 4.1781 0.1427

P 8 2.3536 2.3502 0.1426

P 10 1.5063 1.5041 0.1425

F 6 16.8082 16.7125 0.5692

F 8 9.5461 9.5008 0.4749

533210122

F 10 6.0510 6.0165 0.5692

R ANGELINE E

. T

:

100VANGELINE

VEVANGELINED

=(%)


39/185

I 3.12

C R U S

3.2.3 I

() D

T 0.25%, 0.5%

0.75% . C 6.0

I:

203 133 25, 457 191 75 533 210 122.

()

R A A. E

. R

. T

.

3.2.4 D

() ANGELINE

A E

. T E

0.13% 0.14% 0.47% 0.56%

.

T E

. T ,

. T E

E . F

0.1% , 0.999

L, [21]. T T

3.2.


40/185

I 3.13

C R U S

3.2. E

T

. T

. T

. A ,

. E

, . A

,

. T

. T

E [21].

() I

C . H,

. I

.

T

. I

,

.


41/185

I 3.14

C R U S

T

.

3.3 INEIGAIE ANALE: AL FAME

3.3.1 D

T F 3.11. T

5.0, 3, 24.0 457 191 82 I. T

, .

F 3.11. S

N: E P=10.0N

, . R P.


42/185

I 3.15

C R U S

3.3.2

T B1 B6 A B1

. T 0.10

.

T F 3.11 T B7

B12. A 0.10 . T

. T

2

. T C1 C6 F 3.12.

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0

L

C2

C1

C3C4

C6

C5

D2

()

F 3.12 V 2u


43/185

I 3.16

C R U S

3.3.3 D

() T T B1 B6

.

T

. R 0.160

1.0. T

0.629 , 25%

. T

.

I 0.1 , 0.015,

2.4% .

I ,

. T ,

0 ,

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.

T

I

, .

T . T

,

[21].

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. T :

(i) T C1, C2 C5

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. T .


44/185

I 3.17

C R U S

(ii) P C3, C4 C6

T B9, B10 B12.

T . F

C C1 . T

A B2 F 3.13.

F 3.13 V (C C1)

I

. T . T

C1.

T

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C C3

A B2.


45/185

I 3.18

C R U S

T D 8.3%

0.00 9.45

. T

.

P 22.5

. T

.

T

.

3.4 CNCLIN

3.4.1 C

() M N A

C

.

()

T

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.

3.4.2

T ANGELINE

.

() C

T

. T

, .


46/185

I 3.19

C R U S

() I

S ,

.

T C3 C6

.

N

.

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I

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.

T

. T

.

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() L D

() T C2

0.008 5 0.045 .

() I C5

. T 0.140

5.0 1.53 12.4.

() T C4

0.001 5

0.005 30.0


47/185

I 3.20

C R U S

() T C6

. T 0.034

5.0 0.190 30.0.

T 0.5%

. H,

.

() C

T C1 C6

.

3.5 MMA

P .

T

.

T

.


48/185

I 4.1

C R U S

4 INLANE CAL BEHAI F AL

FAME

4.1 INDCIN

T C 3

,

, .

T ANGELINE .

T

. M

. H,

:

M

.

T

. T

,

.

T

.

A

,

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. T .


49/185

I 4.2

C R U S

A ,

. I

.

4.2 BJECIE

T

:

2D ,

.

4.3 MEHD F AACH

A F 4.1, .

T ,

. T

:

P DRAFT SANS 101601 (B

S D A B I S B

) [17], DRAFT SANS 101602 (B S D

A B I S S

)[18] SANS 101621:2005 (T ) [16].

A

PROKON, S A. T

, SANS 10162

1:2005, .

A ABAQUS. ABAQUS

.

T ANGELINE.


50/185

I 4.3

C R U S

S SANS 101621:2005

,

ANGELINE.

T ,

.

F 4.1 F


51/185

M 5.1

C R U S

5 MDELLING CNIDEAIN F AL FAME

T

2D . T :

T

.

T .

T .

I

.

I .

5.1 IDENIFICAIN F A ICAL AL FAME AND LAD AEN

5.1.1 I

I

, .

T

, ,

.


52/185

M 5.2

C R U S

A [6]:

A 15 50 (25 35 )

A 5 10 (5 6 )

A 5 10 (6 )

A 5 8

H

A F 5.1.

6.0m

1.00

F 5.1 B

T ,

. F ,

, F 5.1. F

. S

, . O

.

5.1.2 L

T F 5.2. T

. T

S 5.3.


53/185

M 5.3

C R U S

O DRAFT SANS 101602 3,

,

. H, , .

F 5.2 L

5.2 E F ELEMEN BE ED IN MDELLING

F PROKON

SANS 101621:2005, ABAQUS

ANGELINE .

5.2.1

F ,

I

3D . T

. F

. T

,

[24]. A ,


54/185

M 5.4

C R U S

. H,

.

T E B

T . T E B

, .

. T

. T E B

.

5.2.2 N

I

. T

. L .

F , P [21] : T

. T

, , . T

.

A PROKON,

ABAQUS ANGELINE. T

. T

. E 6, 12

24 . I ANGELINE PROKON

, , . I ABAQUS

. T

S 5.5.

C A C. N

0.5%

. H, 12 .


55/185

M 5.5

C R U S

5.3 IMEFECIN

T . P

[4]:

U

.

I . F

.

U

.

R . T

.

T ,

, ,

.

5.3.1 M

() M

T C ( 2005)[11]:

() B

C K (1987), S P, D U

.


56/185

M 5.6

C R U S

T . T

:

KL+ KG= 0

,

KL=

KG=

=

A

. T

. T

. H,

.

() A

T . I

0.5% . I

.

() I

T SANS 2001 CS

[19] L/1000. T . B

.

T

. T

,

.


57/185

M 5.7

C R U S

() E

:

I

.

A .

5.3.2 AN 10162

1:2005

T SANS 101621: 2005 [16], S 8.7:

T , ,

(0.005 ,

T . V

.

5.3.3

T

A D. ANGELINE .

T I 203 133 25

.

T 0.25%, 0.5% 0.75%

.

T ,

F 5.3

.


58/185

M 5.8

C R U S

Load

Factor

0.10

0.00

-0.10

0.30

0.40

0.20

0.50

F 5.3 L

T

.

A 0.5%

F 5.2 .

5.4 MDELLING F HANCHE

T

.

P I, .

I S A .

T

ANGELINE. T M E

. T

. E . T


59/185

M 5.9

C R U S

G.. T

F 5.4.

2.0m

24.0m

0

2

4

11 13 15 17

27

25

23

5

6

7 8 9 10 1921

F 5.4 H ANGELINE

I ABAQUS

I , F

5.5. T :

. T I

.

F 5.5 E I

5.5 LAIC DEFMAIN F CAL MEMBE

I

.


60/185

M 5.10

C R U S

5.5.1

A ,

F 5.6 (). I

M

2

2

I. B

F 5.6(),

F 5.6(). W M = Z ,

. A

M= Z

[10].

F 5.6 S

H,

F 5.7. T

. L AB

H . I

. C

.


61/185

M 5.11

C R U S

F 5.7 I

I M

, , M ,

[1].

L [13]

8% . T

.

5.5.2 H

T

. T .

T , F 5.8. S

() F 5.8 . A F 5.8() C

. A

F 5.8().

T . T

[9].


62/185

M 5.12

C R U S

F 5.8 V

5.5.3 C

P . T

+ 1. T

2 4 .

V [23]:

() M 1. P

T

.

() M 2. S

T

.

() M 3. C

T (M 1)

(M 2) A

F 5.9 ().


63/185

M 5.13

C R U S

F 5.9 C [23]

I

.

5.5.4

ABAQUS

. A ( )

ABAQUS.

G RIKS ABAQUS.

T RIKS

. T N .

T

F 5.10.

T . T

. T

.


64/185

M 5.14

C R U S

I20313325

6.0

F 5.10 V ABAQUS

() E 1

() N (ABAQUS)

T F 5.11(). T

6. A

. T 6.18. T 61.86N.

F 5.11() L

L F D

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

D M N ()

L

F(1

0N)

P=61.86N


65/185

M 5.15

C R U S

F 5.11()S

() T

T . T

E 1

.

T 203 133 25 I :

P M (M) = Z

,

Z = P S M

=

M= 259 103 6 350 P = 90.65N.

B M M N =4

PL

,

P =

L =

C , P :

= 60.43N


66/185

M 5.16

C R U S

() E 2

() N (ABAQUS)

T F 5.12(). T

14.0. A .

T 15.19N.

F 5.12() L ()

() T

B M S = P L

,

P =

L =

C , P :

= 15.11N

L F D

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

D N ()

L

F(1.0

N

P=15.19N

C


67/185

M 5.17

C R U S

()

A 2.3% 0.53%

1 2, .

T . I

.

T

.

5.5 CMAIBILI F FAE ACKAGE

T

6.41N F 5.2.

C

SANS 101621:2005 [16]. I

.

T

,

. T T 5.1.

T (%)

, .

T

. T

T 5.2.


68/185

M 5.18

C R U S

5.1 F

A F (N)

F

(N) B M (N.)

D

()

L(N)

LC

C

L

LC

C

LC

C

L

H

LC

ANGELINE

38.74 38.95 22.62 22.60 21.36 21.77 133.10 135.70 75.30 75.26 297.70 24.80

ABAQUS

38.80 39.90 22.62 22.60 21.29 21.69 130.80 133.40 74.70 75.18 299.00 23.70

PROKON

6.41

38.90 39.20 22.50 22.50 21.10 21.82 132.10 135.20 75.20 76.80 291.30 25.11

5.2 P

A F F B M D

L

(N)

LC

C

L

LC

C

LC

C

L

H

LC

ANGELINE

0.00 0.00 0.53 0.62 1.33 0.37 1.72 1.72 0.74 0.11 2.15 4.60

ABAQUS

0.16 2.44 0.53 0.62 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 0.00

PROKON

6.41

0.41 0.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.41 0.96 1.36 0.66 2.16 0.00 5.90

N

. H, . T

2% 4% 5%

. O

.

5.6 MMA

A .

B .

ABAQUS .

R ANGELINE, ABAQUS PROKON

.


69/185

D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.1

C R U S

6 DEIGN F AL FAME ACCDING DAF

AN 101601 & 2: 2008 AND AN 101621:2005.

6.1 INDCIN

I DRAFT SANS 101601 (B

S D A B I S B

) [17], DRAFT SANS 101602 (B S D A B

I S S ) [18] SANS 101621:2005 (T

) [16] .

T .

6.2 LIMI AE DEIGN

T DRAFT SANS 101601 & 2 :2008 SANS 101621:2005,

. T

. D ( , )

.

E

,

.

L

. T

..

S

S

S

S

D


70/185

D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.2

C R U S

F

F

T

. T

. O .

6.3 DEIGN F A AL FAME ACCDING DAF AN 101601 & 2:

2008 AND AN 101621:2005

6.3.1 A

T ,

.

()

T

. T

. S

.

() I

I ,

. T

.

P ,

. T


71/185

D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.3

C R U S

DRAFT SANS 101602, T 5

:

() F

0,75N/2 23mA

0,25kN/m2for 215mA

1.0N 0.1 0.1

() F :

0,50N/2 23mA

0,25N/2 215mA

1.0N 0.1 0.1

F 32 152 . T

.

I . T

152. T

0.25N/2 ,

.

6.4 LAD CMBINAIN

6.4.1

T C 7.3.2.1 DRAFT SANS 101601. T

:

++++1 1

Q11QG AQQPG """""""" ,,,,,, ,

""+


72/185

D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.4

C R U S

G, j

G , j

P

1Q,

1Q ,

Q, i

Q , i

i

A

T T 2 DRAFT SANS 101601.

T :

1 Q01G351 ,, .. +

1 Q61G21 ,, .. +

,

G , = DL (D )

1Q , = LL (L L)

6.4.2

A , . T

,

. T C 8.2 DRAFT SANS

101601. T :

1 Q01G11 ,, .. +


73/185

D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.5

C R U S

6.5 CAACI F MEMBE LIMAE LIMI AE

6.5.1 A

A PROKON .

6.5.2 D

T

. T, .

S I

.

6.5.3 C

M ,

. W

, .

F

. T

.

() M

C SANS 101621, T 3 :

6.1 C

C D G

200

<

I

2

=

670

<

I

=


74/185

D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.6

C R U S

,

=

=

=

=

I

, 4,

.

() D 4

I 4

SANS 101621 C 13.3.3.3. U

3 .

E6440W

.=

I W152 0.25N/2 2.000 2.500DRAFT SANS 101602,

T 5

2.500 N

V T 6.4 T 6.5 ,

.


81/185

D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.13

C R U S

6.7.3 A

T 1.2DL + 1.6LL. T ,

F 6.2.

F 6.2 A F, S F B M D

6.7.4

C A E

. A E

. T

T 6.6 6.7, :

6.6 C I 254 146 37

F F

A 38.9N 1133.96N

B 135.2N. 152.775N.

B A I A A 78.67%

T N A N A

B T N A N A

S 22.5N 340.62N


82/185

D DRAFT SANS 101601 &2 SANS 101621:2005 6.14

C R U S

6.7 R I 254 146 37

F F

A 25.80N 540.78N

B 76.8N. 152.775N.

B A I A A 46. 5%

T N A N A

B T N A N A

S 33.5N 340.62N

T . T

. T

2.0

. A

I

, . T

S 8.2.1. () F 8.6.

6.8 MMA

P DRAFT SANS 101601 & 2:2008 SANS 10162

1:2005 .

T DRAFT SANS 101601 & 2

:2008 SANS 101621:2005.

A 254 146 37 I .

T ( )

.


83/185

D 7.1

C R U S

7 ANALI F BENCHMAK AL FAME

I ABAQUS ANGELINE

. T .

7.1 ANALI F BENCHMAK AL FAME

7.1.1

T F

7.1. T ABAQUS

ANGELINE. T 12

, . T P 10.0N

. T

, P=10.0N . T

.

6.0m

12elements

F 7.1 C ANGELINE ABAQUS

7.1.2 A ABA B

S

,

.


84/185

D 7.2

C R U S

V .

() ABA

() L

L F 7.2 () 7.2 ()

.

F 7.2().L

F 7.2() L

T

, . R

ABAQUS ,

F 7.3.

T .

T

(350 MP). I S 7.1.2 (

ANGELINE) ,

.

X

Y


85/185

D 7.3

C R U S

XX

S

S

F 7.3 L ABAQUS

T

,

F 7.2() T

. S

. T F 7.2().

T 0.7626,

0.7734. T

. T 0.8769.

F 7.4

.

F 7.4 L

D L F

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1 0.5 0 0.5D ()

LF

H

H

V

0.763

0.876


86/185

D 7.4

C R U S

T

.

S ,

. T

. T .

F ,

.

T S 5.5 F 5.9,

. A ,

.

()

T F 7.5. F 7.5()

F 7.5 ()

.

F 7.5() L


87/185

D 7.5

C R U S

L F S

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

L F

M

SE(MP)

L C T

L R E

L R R

R R R

R R E

R C T

F 7.5() L

T

. T .

S . F

.

H, ,

() F 7.5().

7.1.2 A ANGELINE B

T ANGELINE. A 1.0N

0.1. T

:

T .

(a)


88/185

D 7.6

C R U S

T

.

T ,

.

() ANGELINE

() D

T F 7.6

1.736.

F 7.6 D 1.736

F 7.7 F 7.8

, . Y1 2

.

I ,

0.7626. A 0.7626

ABAQUS F 7.2 (). T

1.70

.


89/185

D 7.7

C R U S

F 7.7 D

T (1), (2)

(3), F 7.7 7.8. T

0.641. D

F 7.7.

F 7.8 L

I F 7.8

SANS 101621: 2005 . T

.


90/185

D 7.8

C R U S

() A ,

T ,

F 7.9, F 7.10 F 7.11, .

F 7.9 A 1.0

Shear Force diagram

36.25N 37.01N

52.26N

52.58N

F 7.10 S 1.0

F 7.11 B 1.0

A

. T

.


91/185

D 7.9

C R U S

F 7.9 ,

F 6.2 PROKON. M

.

F 7.12 7.13

.

A F

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 20 40 60A F (N)

LF T

R R

R C

F 7.12 LA

B M

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

0 50 100 150 200B M (N.)

L

F T

R C

F 7.13 LB

T .


92/185

D 7.10

C R U S

7.2 CNCLIN

7.2.1 ABA

() T

S 5.5.

() T , ,

. T

7.2.2 ANGELINE

() I . T

20

1.1DL + 1.0LL 25. I

132

291.0 .

T , 305 165 46 I

254 146 37 I

.

() T .

() T .

7.3 MMA

T ABAQUS ANGELINE.

T

.


93/185

D 8.1

C R U S

8 DEIGN F AL FAME F AAMEE D

A C 8. T F 8.1.

F 8.1 S

8.1 DEFINIIN F AL FAME

T

.

T F 8.2, F

8.3 F 8.4. T :

S 1: P

.

S .


94/185

D 8.2

C R U S

S 2: P

.

S

.

S 3: P

.

T

.

F 8.2 P


95/185

D 8.3

C R U S

Column

Length

F 8.3 P

ColumnLength

PPPPPP0.5P

P P P P P 0.5P

0.00512P

R S

S 28.0

R S

C L

6.0

6

12

14.0

S 24.0

R S

C L

6.0

6

12

14.0

S 32.0

R S

C L

6.0

6

12

14.0

F 8.4 P ,


96/185

D 8.4

C R U S

8.2 DEIGN F AL FAME F HE AAMEE D

T DRAFT SANS 101601 (B

S D A B I S B

), DRAFT SANS 101602 (B S D A B

I S S ) SANS 101621:2005 (T

).T PROKON. T

:

I .

I I

SANS 101621:2005.

8.2.1

() L

S ,

. I F 8.5

.

F 8.5 D


97/185

D 8.5

C R U S

() DAF AN 101601 & 2: 2008

AN 101621:2005

() C

T

. F

.

T I

.

T

. T

SANS 101621:2005 :

1M

M

T 0.85 1 2

.

I

.

()

T

. H,

. I

(1) (2) F 8.6

(3). H

.

1M

MU850

C

C

1

+.


98/185

D 8.6

C R U S

F 8.6 D

() I

T , ,

. T .

() 1 :

A

A F. A

. T 8.1

24.0.

8.1 D 24.0,

F

C

H

()

()

D

3 25414637

6 25414637

9 254146376

12 25414637

3 25414637

6 25414637

9 2541463710

12 25414637

3 25414631

6 25414631

9 25414631

24

P

14

12 25414631


99/185

D 8.7

C R U S

T (

6.0) 10.0 . 25414637 I

(M= 152.775N.). I 30510233 I (M= 151.15N.)

.

H, S A 254 146 37 I

.

A 254 146 31 I (M = 124.425N.)

14.0

. A, 305 102 29 I (M= 128.52N.)

254 146 31 .

() 2 : F

T 8.2

24.0.

W 6.0 10.0 12 , I I

.

8.2 D 24.0,

F

C

H

()

()

D

6 254146376

12 254146316 25414637

1012 25414631

6 25414631

24

F

1412 25414631


100/185

D 8.8

C R U S

()

T 8.3 .

8.3 D

()

F

C

H

()

()

D

6 305165416

12 25414643

6 2541464328

1412 25414643

6 30516554612 30516554

6 3561714532

P

1412 35617145

S

254 I

.

() D

F 8.7

.

F 8.7(), F 8.7(), F 8.7(),

24.0,

, .

T PROKON.


101/185

D 8.9

C R U S

D

D

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12

R ()

D()

24.0

D

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12

R ()

D()

24.0 F

D

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

6 12 6 12 6 12

R ()

D()

C H D

A H D

C V D

A V D

F 8.7 M

F 8.7

.

6.0 10.0 14.0

S 24.0 S 28.0 S 32.0

6.0 10.0 14.0


102/185

D 8.10

C R U S

8.3 CNCLIN

8.3.1 F

T . I

. T

.

8.3.2 D

D

SANS 101621:2005. T

. I

S 9.1.4

( )

. T

.

8.4 MMA

T ABAQUS PROKON.

T

.

A .

T

SANS 101621:2005.

S .


103/185

A 9.1

C R U S

9 ANALI EL AND DICIN F HE

AAMEE D

T ,

,

C 7. T

C 8.

I , F 9.1.

ANGELINE

ABAQUS

F 9.1 F

T :

( ) E

T

. B

.


104/185

A 9.2

C R U S

H,

S 5.5

.

()

T . T

.

() A ANGELINE

ABA.

A ANGELINE

.

() A

.

T

.. .

I ABAQUS

ANGELINE .

9.1 EL

9.1.1 E ABA

T C 8

F 9.2.


105/185

A 9.3

C R U S

F 9.2 M

T 9.1, T 9.2 T 9.3

. T

.

T

24.0 ( 9.1.1.),

24.0 ( 9.1.1.)

( 9.1.1.).

() 24.0

() C L 6.0

P

. S,

. U

.

T

. W 3 ,

, 2.0 .


106/185

A 9.4

C R U S

9.1() Y 24.0 6.0

() T

.

() T ()

, ()

() . T () I, ()

M () D, .

() C L 10.0

9.1() Y 24.0 10.0

() T

.

() T ()

, ()

()

. T () I, ()M () D, .

I 10.0,

T 9.1..

Y .

C

()

()

(LF)

()

L

(LF)

L

()

(LF)

M

(LF)

()

6 3 0.7320 F 0.7550 F 0.8540 0.8540 M T

6 6 0.7626 F 0.7734 F 0.8769 0.8769 M 2.0

6 9 0.7869 F 0.7974 F 0.8933 0.8933 M 2.0

6 12 0.8080 F 0.8292 F 0.9047 0.9047 M 2.0

C

()

(

)

(LF)

()

L

(LF)

L

()

(LF)

M

(LF)

()

10 3 0.7884 F 0.7957 F 0.83574 0.83655 D T

10 6 0.7987 F 0.8074 P 0.8346 0.8426 D T

10 9 0.8046 F 0.8131 P 0.8310 0.8497 D 2.0

10 12 0.8170 F 0.8250 P 0.8247 0.85673 D 2.0


107/185

A 9.5

C R U S

() C L 14.0

9.1() Y 24.0 14.0

() T

.

() T ()

, ()

() . T () I, ()

M () D, .

I 14.0, .

H, 10.0

.

() F 24.0

T 9.2 .

9.2 Y 24.0

() T

.

() T ()

, ()

() . T () I, ()

M () D, .

C

()

()

(LF)

L

(LF)

L

()

(LF)

M

(LF)

()

14 3 0.6722 NA N 0.6897 0.6933 D T

14 6 0.6753 NA N 0.6744 0.6965 D T

14 9 0.6759 NA N 0.6326 0.6955 D 2.0

14 12 0.6780 NA N 0.6065 0.6931 D 2.0

()

C

()

()

(LF)

()

L

(LF)

L

()

(LF)

M

(LF)

()

24 6 6 0.7831 F 0.7831 F 0.9823 0.9822 M 1.0

24 6 12 0.7242 F 0.7242 F 0.9260 0.9260 M T

24 10 6 0.7891 F 0.7942 F 0.9475 0.9516 I T

24 10 12 0.6741 F 0.6741 F 0.8000 0.8071 I T

24 14 6 0.6673 F 0.6802 F 0.7538 0.7599 I T

24 14 12 0.7545 F 0.7648 F 0.8001 0.8071 I T


108/185

A 9.6

C R U S

S ,

.

S, .

T ,

6.0 3 . I

.

F

.

() 24.0, 28.0 32.0

T 9.3 .

9.3 Y

() T

.

() T ()

, ()

()

. T () I, ()

M () D, .

()

C

()

()

(LF)

()

L

(LF)

L

()

(LF)

M

(LF)

()

28 6 6 0.7123 F 0.7243 F 0.84215 0.8421 M1.0

28 6 12 0.7055 F 0.7163 F 0.773 0.7730 M1.0

28 14 6 0.7076 F NA N 0.6720 0.7293 D1.0

28 14 12 0.7149 F NA N 0.6359 0.7325 D1.0

32 6 6 0.7398 F 0.7513 F 0.8668 0.8668 M T

32 6 12 0.8182 F 0.8182 P 0.9133 0.9135 D 2.0

32 14 6 0.7085 F 0.7085 P 0.7449 0.7554 D1.0

32 14 12 0.7239 F 0.7327 P 0.7364 0.7703 D1.0


109/185

A 9.7

C R U S

S 24.0.

T

6.0. T

6.0 28.0.

H, 32.0

6.0

.

F 10.0 14.0 ,

24.0

9.1.2 D

A G1, A G2 A G3

.

. T , ,

.

() 24.0

A G1

24.0.

T

. A

. T

. T

. T


110/185

A 9.8

C R U S

. T

. T

.

T

,

.

T 14.0.

() F

A G2 . A

. S

,

. A

.

()

T

A G3. T

6.0

. T ,

12 . P 10.0 14.0

.

9.1.3 E

F

. T

1.0. A 0.1 . A

A H. T

T 9.4, T 9.5 T 9.6. E A H


111/185

A 9.9

C R U S

. 1 2

. T

:

T .

( P1).

T ( P2).

T ,

, ( P3 P4).

T 9.4, 9.5 9.6 . T

1.0

(S () () T 9.4.

I

. ,

. S () () T 9.4.

() 24.0

I T 9.4() 6.0

. T

.

S

10.0 14.0 ,

.

T

.


112/185

A 9.10

C R U S

9.4() D

L C

M

N

D

()

()

L F

M N

D

()

A L F 1

()

()

C

L

()

()

H D ()

()

3 8.4 0.8 7.7 1.3

6 32.5 N 32.5 1.5

9 51.5 N 51.5 1.56.0

12 68.0 N 68.0 1.5

32.2 0.3 14.6 4.46 20.6 0.8 19.0 4.4

9 49.5 N 49.5 4.510.0

12 77.1 N 77.0 4.4

3 0.0 0.0 293.4 1.5

6 6.2 0.3 245.6 1.5

9 20.3 0.4 221.4 1.514.0

12 40.2 0.5 168.8 1.5

() I .

() I

.

I 1

. T ()

.

() I 1.0.

T 9.4 ()

4.5.

I 6.0

.

A

14.0

.


113/185

A 9.11

C R U S

9.4() D

(A 1)

()

C

L

()

()

H

D

()

D

()

3 5.9 528.3

6 5.9 472.6

9 6.0 427.16.0

12 6.1 385.3

3 25.0 685.3

6 25.4 650.3

9 27.0 620.710.0

12 30.6 585.3

3 281.0 1053.9

6 300 1024.99 323.0 1000.6

14.0

12 364.0 987.7

T 9.4 ()

6.0 .

T . H,

.

N ,

.

H, 1.0

.

T .

() F

R T 9.5 .


114/185

A 9.12

C R U S

9.5 D

L C

H

D()

D()

H

D()

D()

C

L()

()

A L F 1

6 30.9 7.1 1.0 377.76.0

12 63.4 1.0 1.3 337.3

6 37.4 2.0 4.2 532.210.0

12 97.6 2.9 5.5 564.9

6 53.7 7.0 7.1 843.414.0

12 115.2 6.5 15.1 752.4

() I .

() I

.

I 1

. T ()

.

() I 1.0.

N 1.0.

A . H

.

N ,

.

T 1.0 ,

. T .

()

T 9.6() T 9.6()

.


115/185

A 9.13

C R U S

9.6() D

L C

()

M

ND

()

()

L F

M ND

()

A L F 1()

()

C

L

()

()

H D ()

()

6 38.0 1.0 38.0 1.26.0

12 96.0 1.0 96.0 2.2

6 13.1 0.4 81.5 13.8

28.0

14.012 70.0 0.7 22.1 13.3

6 45.4 1.0 45.4 1.26.0

12 85.1 1.0 85.1 1.5

6 23.6 0.7 12.8 7.6

32.0

14.012 103.3 1.0 103.3 7.7

() I .

() I

.

I 1

. T ()

.

() I 1.0.

9.6() D

()

C

L

()

C

L

()

()

H

D

()

D

()

3 5.1 527.06.0

6 7.4 555.0

9 146.3 1181.028.014.0

12 157.9 1105.0

3 4.7 620.16.0

6 4.8 467.1

9 5.5 989.532.0

14.012 5.7 906.7

T

14.0 28.0 32.0. T

28.0 24.0 .

H, 14.0


116/185

A 9.14

C R U S

. T . T

.

N ,

.

9.1.4 A

T 9.7 (), T 9.7 (), T 9.7 ()

.

T SANS 101621:2005

5 6. T

ANGELINE, 7 8. T

. C 9

( DRAFT SANS 101601).

9.7() L 24.0L AN

101621:2005

ANGELINE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

C

H

H

()

()

L

F

H

D

L

L

F

D

L

L

24 H 6 3 20.0 133.3 0.342 0.271 0.470

24 H 6 6 20.0 133.3 0.339 0.297 0.47124 H 6 9 20.0 133.3 0.265 0.329 0.472

24 H 6 12 20.0 133.3 0.183 0.334 0.474

24 H 10 3 33.3 133.3 0.265 0.179 0.470

24 H 10 6 33.3 133.3 0.219 0.220 0.471

24 H 10 9 33.3 133.3 0.192 0.231 0.472

24 H 10 12 33.3 133.3 0.173 0.244 0.474

24 H 14 3 46.7 133.3 0.177 0.140 0.457

24 H 14 6 46.7 133.3 0.151 0.143 0.458

24 H 14 9 46.7 133.3 0.123 0.150 0.459

24 H 14 12 46.7 133.3 0.118 0.154 0.461


117/185

A 9.15

C R U S

9.7()L

24.0

L

AN

101621:2005

ANGELINE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

C

H

H

()

()

L

F

H

D

L

L

F

D

L

L

24 F 6 6 20.0 133.3 0.437 0.379 0.471

24 F 6 12 20.0 133.3 0.291 0.423 0.460

24 F 10 6 33.3 133.3 0.350 0.267 0.471

24 F 10 12 33.3 133.3 0.233 0.285 0.460

24 F 14 6 46.7 133.3 0.261 0.175 0.458

24 F 14 12 46.7 133.3 0.193 0.195 0.460

9.7()L

L

AN

101621:2005

ANGELINE

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

C

H

H

()

()

L

F

H

D

L

L

F

D

L

L

28 H 6 6 20.0 155.6 0.293 0.315 0.479

28 H 6 12 20.0 155.6 0.160 0.302 0.487

28 H 14 6 46.7 155.6 0.128 0.147 0.484

28 H 14 12 46.7 155.6 0.123 0.157 0.487

32 H 6 6 20.0 177.8 0.214 0.313 0.507

32 H 6 12 20.0 177.8 0.157 0.210 0.511

32 H 14 6 46.7 177.8 0.195 0.192 0.488

32 H 14 12 46.7 177.8 0.196 0.401 0.494

I ANGELINE

.


118/185

A 9.16

C R U S

9.2 DICIN N EL

T .

I

. S,

.

9.2.1 F

()

W 32.0

12 , ( ) 6.0

S 5.5.

P 10.0 14.0 ( )

S 5.5

,

.

T

,

.

F 9.3

.

T

. ,:

100FLM

YCRFLFLMDP

=


119/185

A 9.17

C R U S

P D

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12

R S ()

PD

F 9.3 C

P

, .

() F

F ,

. T

,

.

() C

I

SANS 101621:2005. A SANS 101621:2005

.

6.0 10.0 14.0 6.0 10.0 14.0 6.0 14.0 6.0 14.0

P S 24.0F S 24.0 S 28.0

P

S 32.0

P


120/185

A 9.18

C R U S

T . T

SANS 101621:2005

ABAQUS.

C PROKON SANS 101621,2

3,

.

T PROKON

SANS 101621:2005 (.. M = Z F). T

. T M F 9.4.

T ABAQUS

. T

F 9.4.

L F

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12

R (0)

L

M

ABAQUS

F 9.4 B ABAQUS

6.0 10.0 14.0 6.0 10.0 14.0 6.0 14.0 6.0 14.0

P F V S

28.0 32.0


121/185

A 9.19

C R U S

T SANS 101621:2005

M (P I)

ABAQUS .

9.2.2 D

T

1. 0.

9.2.3 I

() D

()

R

.

() H

A 6.0

10.0 14.0

.

I

. T

. P

.

H,

10.0 14.0 ,

.


122/185

A 9.20

C R U S

() I

I

.

T

. T

14.0

24.0 28.0.

L

.

() I

I

. T

. E .

9.2.4

I

SANS 101621:2005 . F 9.5

T 9.7.

T

.

T . A B

28.0 32.0, .


123/185

A 9.21

C R U S

L F L

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 3 6 9 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 12 6 12 6 12 6 12 6 12R S(

)

LF(10N)

A

S V D

S H D

F 9.5 C

T 3 6

.

9.3 CNCLIN

() F

T

. I

.

P 6.0

S 5.5. I 10.0 14.0,

.

T . H,

.

6.0 10.0 14.0 6.0 10.0 14.0 6.0 14.0 6.0 14.0

A B


124/185

A 9.22

C R U S

I

.

() E

T SANS

101621:2005, ,

ABAQUS.

() E

I C 3 ,

(I

).

I

.

T ANGELINE .

()

T . F

. I SANS 101621:2005

.

H A D SANS 101621:2005

.

T

.


125/185

A 9.23

C R U S

9.4 MMA

P .

E .

T

SANS 101621:2005

.


126/185

C 10.1

C R U S

10 CNCLIN AND ECMMENDAIN

10.1 INDCIN

T . R

. T :

F

D

T .

10.2 CNCLIN AND ECMMENDAIN

10.2.1

() I

.

C 3 C 9.

T . I

.

H,

. A .

() P

.

C 7 C 9.


127/185

C 10.2

C R U S

T

. I

. T

.

I ANGELINE

. T

.

T

.

10.2.2 D

() T

. T

.

C 8.

T .

S F 10.1.

F 10.1P


128/185

C 10.3

C R U S

T

. T

S A. H,

, ,

.

T SANS 101621:2005

. T

.

() T

.

C 6 C 9.

A A D SANS 101621:2005.

I

. S

:

O

: T

.

T

T

I

.


129/185

R 11.1

C R U S

11 EFEENCE

11.1 BK

1. B, H (1980). D F. C U P,

C.

2. C, A (1956). BC, 1: I B

D. MG H, N Y.

3. C, L, G (1996). D F. WILEY IEEE,

E.

4. G, T. V. (1988). G D C M .

C: J W S, N Y.

C 1: S T

C 2: C L CC 16: F S

5. G, P D. G N A

F.T .

C 1 : S

C 2 : N

C 4 : P F

C 7 : S A

6. M, J (2004). D AN 101621:2005. CSIR,

P.

7. T, G (1961). E . MGH, N Y.

8. T,N.B,M (2001). B D

B5950. T F.


130/185

R 11.2

C R U S

11.2 BLICAIN

9. BBCSA C. C M B A

D M B F. B

C S A, N 5, 1957.

10. J, M, R, T. D. B C

S A, N 28, 1965.

11. C, H, F. A A I F

B C. J E M, V 131, N 6 (633

640), 2005.

12. D, J.M. I .T S E, V

68, N 8 (141147), 1990.

13. L, K, R, D, E. E 3 I

F, T S E, V 83, N 21 2005.

14. R, C. A F . J

E M, V 131(557558), 2005.

15. S, C. E B B

F. J C S R, V 6 (804818), 2007.

11.3 DEIGN CDE

16. S S A (2005). AN 101621:2005,

. S S A, P.


131/185

R 11.3

C R U S

17. S S A (2005).D AN 101602.B D

A B I .

T .

18. S S A (2005).D AN 101603.B D

A B I A. T .

19. S A I S C (2000). A

C. S A I S C,

P.

20. S A I S C(2005). A

C H. S A I S C, P.

11.4 INEIE

21. D P PJ P, T U B (TUB), G

1218 M 20088 M 2008

17 J 2008

14 N 2008

18 N 2008

11.5 ELECNIC EFEENCE

22. L 6.1: C E E.

:/...///T//06/0410.

D : 3 M 2008.

23. Z, Y. A: A C A.

....//

D : 23 S 2008


132/185

R 11.4

C R U S

24. H, K, S. ABA D.

../////D

D : J 2007 A 2008


133/185

AppendixA:Elasticstabilityofcolumns

ChantalRudman UniversityofStellenbosch

APPENDIXA:ELASTICSTABILITYOFCOLUMNS


134/185

AppendixA:Elasticstabilityofcolumns


lNoPerturbationLoad

l0

.25%P

erturbationLoad

l0.5

0%P

erturbationLoad

l0.7

5%P

erturbationLoad

ApplicationofPerturba

tionLoad

Description

Perturbation

Load

Application

Displacement

Mode of

Column

Other

Information

1287 0

0 0

0

1287

AxialForce

(kN)

ShearForce

(kN)

BendingMoment

(kN.m

)

Mid

Node

Top

Node

1279.3 12.2

245.2 0

468.2

1301.9

AxialForce

(kN)

ShearForce

(kN)

BendingMoment

(kN.m

)

Mid

Node

Top

Node

1278.4 24.1

316.5 0

612.3

1316.7

AxialForce

(kN)

ShearForce

(kN)

BendingMoment

(kN.m

)

Mid

Node

Top

Node

1278.1 29.6

374.5 0

719.2

1332.2

AxialForce

(kN)

ShearForce

(kN)

BendingMome

nt

(kN.m

)

Mid

Node

Top

Node

Column Section

Length

Support Conditions

203 x 133 x 25

6.0m

Pinned Pinned

Buckling

Buckling

Buckling

Buckling

6.0m

P1=10 000kN

3.0m

P2 = 0kN

6.0m

P1=10 000kN

3.0m

P2 = 50kN

6.0m

P1=10 000kN

3.0m

P2 = 75kN

6.0m

P1=10 000kN

3.0m

P2 = 25kN

LoadFactor

-0.0

4

-0.0

80.00

0.04

0.08

Vert

icalDisplacement

-0.0

6

Dis

Figure 2. Displacement at Top No

-0.1

4

-0.1

2

0.12

-0.1

0

LoadFactor

0.1

0

0.0

00.00

0.04

0.08

VerticalDisplacement

D

Figure 1. Displacement at Mid N

-0.1

0

0.3

0

0.2

0

0.12


135/185

AppendixA:Elasticinstabilityofcolumns


NoPerturbation

Load

0.2

5%P

erturbationLoad

0.5

0%P

erturbationLoad

0.7

5%P

erturbationLoad

ApplicationofPerturbationLoad

Description

Perturbation

Load

Application

Displacement

Mode of

Column

Other

Information

18081.12 0

0 0

0

18081.12

AxialF

orce

(kN)

Shear

Force

(kN)

BendingMoment

(kN.m

)

Mid

Node

Top

Node

18066.98 420.9

5972.3 0

11525.7

19016.37

AxialForce

(kN)

ShearForce

(kN)

BendingMoment

(kN.m

)

Mid

Node

Top

Node

18040.6 478.9

6484.4 0

12551.6

19163.9

AxialForce

(kN)

ShearForce

(kN)

BendingMoment

(kN.m

)

Mid

Node

Top

Node

18012.6 528.2

6867.3 0

13328.0

19273.6

AxialForce

(kN)

ShearForce

(kN)

BendingMoment

(kN.m

)

Mid

Node

Top

Node

Column Section

Length

Support Conditions

457 x 191 x 75

6.0m

Pinned Pinned

Buckling

Buckling

Buckling

Buckling

LoadFactor

0.0

00.00

1.00

1.50


D


-0.1

0

0.4

0

0.2

0

0.50

LoadFactor

-0.0

8

-0.1

6

0.00

0.50

1.00


-0.1

2

Di


-0.2

4

1.50

-0.2

0

6.0m

P1=10 000kN

3.0m

P2 = 0kN

6.0m

P1=10 000kN

3.0m

P2 = 25kN

6.0m

P1=10 000kN

3.0m

P2 = 50kN

6.0m

P1=10 000kN

3.0m

P2 = 75kN


136/185

AppendixA:Elasticinstabilityofcolumns


NoPerturbatio

nLoad

0.2

5%P

erturbationLoad

0.5

0%P

erturbationLoad

0.7

5%P

erturbationLoad

ApplicationofPerturba

tionLoad

Description

Perturbation

Load

Application

Displacement

Mode of

Column

Other

Information

41028.2 0

0 0

0

41028.2

AxialForce

(kN)

Shea

rForce

(kN)

Bend

ingMoment

(kN.m)

Mid

Node

Top

Node

41008.2 1075.5

15282.8 0

29503.77

43700.9

AxialForce

(kN)

ShearForce

(kN)

BendingMoment

(kN.m

)

Mid

Node

Top

Node

40998.44 1223.5

16653.4 0

32243.8

44220.2

AxialForce

(kN)

ShearForce

(kN)

BendingMoment

(kN.m

)

Mid

Node

Top

Node

40886.3 1291.2

16967.1 0

32924.0

44213.7

AxialForce

(kN)

ShearForce

(kN)

BendingMom

ent

(kN.m

)

Mid

Node

Top

Node

Column Section

Length

Support Conditions

533 x 210 x 122

6.0m

Pinned Pinned

Buckling

Buckling

Buckling

Buckling

LoadFactor

0.00

3.00


Di


0.2

0

0.4

0

1.00

0.0

0

2.00

4.00

LoadFactor

-0.4

0

-0.2

00.00

2.00


-0.6

0

Dis


3.00

1.00

4.00

6.0m

P1=10 000kN

3.0m

P2 = 75kN

6.0m

P1=10 000kN

3.0m

P2 = 25kN

6.0m

P1=10 000kN

3.0m

P2 = 50kN

6.0m

P1=10 000kN

3.0m

P2 = 0kN

Documents

Rudman Investigtation 2009