-
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
BDwbU - 9 c„ôv - 121
RvwZmsN f~wgKv AvšÍR©vwZK ivRbxwZ‡Z Ges wek¦ kvwšÍ cÖwZôvq
RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv AvR AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| we‡k¦ D‡ËRbv n«vm, RvwZMZ
؇›Øi Aemvb, hy× eÜ, kvwšÍc~Y© mnve ’̄v‡bi cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z RvwZms‡Ni
f‚wgKv ev‡iev‡i Av‡jvwPZ n‡q Avm‡Q| RvwZms‡Ni G mbvZb f‚wgKvi
cvkvcvwk †hvM n‡q‡Q cwi‡ekMZ mgm¨v wKsev bvix Dbœœqb m¤cwK©Z
mgm¨vejx, †h me †¶‡Î RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv AvR e¨vcKfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ|
RvwZmsN kx©lK Av‡jvPbvq †gvU 5wU cvV i‡q‡Q| cÖ_g cv‡V RvwZmsN MV‡bi
cUf‚wg eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxq cv‡V i‡q‡Q RvwZms‡Ni j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I
bxwZgvjv| Z…Zxq cv‡V i‡q‡Q RvwZms‡Ni MVbc×wZ I RvwZms‡Ni †h 6wU
kvLv wb‡q MwVZ Zvi weeiY| PZz_© cv‡V RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwP‡ei f‚wgKv I
Kg©KvÛ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avi 5g cv‡V RvwZms‡Ni mvdj¨ I
e¨_©Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GB BDwb‡Ui cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q: cvV - 1. RvwZmsN MV‡bi cUf‚wg
cvV - 2. RvwZms‡Ni j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I bxwZgvjv cvV - 3. RvwZms‡Ni MVb
c×wZ cvV - 4. RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPe
cvV - 5. RvwZms‡Ni mvdj¨ I e¨_©Zv
9
-
Gm Gm GBP Gj
ivR‰bwZK msMVb c„ôv - 122
RvwZmsN MV‡bi cUf‚wg D‡Ïk¨ G cvV †k‡l Avcwb RvwZms‡Ni R‡b¥i
BwZnvm eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; RvwZmsN m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; wØZxq
wek¦hy× PjvKvjxb mg‡qi ivRbxwZ I e„nr kw³¸‡jvi f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| RvwZmsN ev (United Nations) n‡”Q GKwU
AvšÍ©RvwZK ms ’̄v| hy³iv‡óªi wbDBq©K kn‡i G ms ’̄vi m`i ̀ dZi Aew
’̄Z| kvLv Awdm i‡q‡Q †R‡bfv, wf‡qbv I bvB‡Rwiqv‡Z| c„w_exi cÖvq
cÖwZwU ¯̂vaxb †`k G ms ’̄vi m`m¨| RvwZmsN bvgwUi aviYv w`‡qwQ‡jb
hy³iv‡óªi †cÖwm‡W›U d«v¼wjb wW. iæR‡fë| G ms ’̄vwUi eqm B‡Zvg‡a¨
lvU eQi AwZµg K‡i‡Q| AvšÍ©RvwZK D‡ËRbv n«vm I wewfbœ iv‡óªi gv‡S
we‡iva wggvsmvq RvwZmsN GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q|
wØZxq wek¦hy× cieZ©x mg‡q RvwZms‡Ni Rb¥ n‡jI g~jZ cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i
ci MwVZ mw¤§wjZ RvwZcyÄ ev League of Nations Gi e¨_©Zv‡K †K› ª̀ K‡i
wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i ci wek¦ †bZ…e„›` G ai‡bi GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK ms ’̄v
MV‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡ib| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i ci hy‡×i e¨vcK
aŸsmjxjv I fqvenZvi Kvi‡Y hy‡×i cÖwZ gvby‡li N„Yv I weZ…òvi Rb¥ nq|
†mB mv‡_ e¨vcKfv‡e kvwšÍ cÖwZôv I wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨ mn‡hvwMZv I
ˆgÎx e„w× Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyf‚Z nq| GB cÖ‡qvRbxqZv‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB
ZrKvjxb wek¦ †bZ…e„›` GKwU AvšÍ©RvwZK ms ’̄v MVb Kivi D‡`¨vM †bb|
1941 mv‡ji ci †_‡K 1945 mvj ch©šÍ wek¦ †bZ…e„›` we‡k¦ D‡ËRbv Kgv‡Z
†hme kxl© ˆeV‡K wgwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb, †hLv‡b G ai‡bi GKwU AvšÍ©RvwZK ms
’̄v MV‡bi K_v ejv n‡qwQj|
1941 mv‡ji AvMó gv‡m hy³iv‡óªi †cÖwm‡W›U iæR‡fë I weªwUk
cÖavbgš¿x PvwP©j AvUjvw›UK PvU©vi mb` (Atlantic Charter) G ¯̂v¶i
K‡ib| G mb‡` we‡k¦i mKj RvwZi AvZœwbqš¿Y AwaKvi, evK ¯̂vaxbZv,
’̄vqx kvwšÍ ’̄vc‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvµgYKvix‡`i wbi ¿̄xKi‡Yi K_v ejv
n‡qwQj| Gme Av`‡k©i Dci wfwË K‡iB c‡i RvwZmsN mb` iwPZ nq| Z‡e
RvwZmsN bvgwU G‡m‡Q 1942 mv‡ji 1 Rvbyqvix weª‡Ub, hy³ivóª, Pxb I
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb †h †NvlYvcÎ ¯̂v¶i K‡iwQj, †mB †NvlYvc‡Îi g‡a¨ w`‡q|
G PviwU †`k GK †NvlYvc‡Î AvUjvw›UK PvU©v‡i ewY©Z bxwZ I Av`‡k©i
cÖwZ Zv‡`i mg_©‡bi K_v e¨³ K‡iwQ‡jb hv ÒUnited Nations DeclarationÓ
ev RvwZmsN †NvlYv bv‡g cwiwPZ| c‡i 2 Rvbyqvix AviI 22wU ivóª G
†NvlYvi cÖwZ mg_©b Rvbvq| RvwZmsN MV‡bi †cÖ¶vcU wn‡m‡e g‡¯‹v
†NvlYv, †Znivb m‡¤§jb, Wz¤^viUb IKm m‡¤§jb I Bqvëv m‡¤§j‡bi K_v
D‡jøL Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| 1943 mv‡ji A‡±vei gv‡m hy³ivóª, †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb,
weª‡Ub I Px‡bi ciivóª gš¿xiv g‡¯‹v‡Z GK ˆeV‡K wgwjZ n‡q GKwU
Bk‡Znvi cÖKvk K‡ib, hv g‡¯‹v †NvlYv ev ÒMoscow DeclarationÓ bv‡g
cwiwPZ| g‡¯‹v †NvlYvq GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK ms ’̄v MVb Kivi K_v ejv
n‡qwQj| D³ †NvlYvq ejv n‡qwQj †h, G ms ’̄v mKj kvwšÍwcÖq †`‡ki
mve©‡fŠg I mgZvi bxwZi Dci cÖwZwôZ n‡e| wek¦ kvwšÍ I wbivcËv i¶vi
Rb¨ †QvU eo kvwšÍ wcÖq mKj †`‡ki Kv‡QB G msMV‡bi m`m¨c` Db¥y³
_vK‡e|
1943 mv‡ji b‡f¤^i gv‡m †Zniv‡b wek¦ ivRbxwZi wZb kxl© †bZv,
iæR‡fë (hy³ivóª), ó¨vwjb (†mvwf‡qU BDwbqb) I PvwP©j (weª‡Ub) Aci GK
kxl© ˆeV‡K wgwjZ nb| GK †hŠ_ wee„wZ‡Z Zuviv Rvbvb †h, GKwU
AvšÍ©RvwZK ms ’̄vq †hvM`v‡bi Rb¨ we‡k¦i mKj †QvU I eo †`k‡K Avgš¿Y
Rvbvb n‡e| Zuviv Av‡iv Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb †h, wek¦ kvwšÍ i¶vq Zuv‡`i
D‡`¨vM mdj n‡e| Ges kvwšÍ cÖwZôvi g‡a¨ w`‡q we‡k¦i mKj RvwZ hy‡×i
fqvenZv KvwU‡q DV‡Z cvi‡e|
GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK ms ’̄v MV‡bi †h D‡`¨vM †bIqv n‡qwQj Zvi iƒc‡iLv
cÖYxZ I M„nxZ nq 1944 mv‡ji AvMó gv‡m IqvwksU‡bi Wz¤^viUb IKm
(Dumbarton Oaks) m‡¤§j‡b| cÖ_g ch©v‡q †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb, hy³ivóª I
†MÖU weª‡U‡bi g‡a¨ Av‡jvPbv AbywôZ nq| 1944 mv‡ji 21 AvMó †_‡K 28
†m‡Þ¤̂i ch©šÍ G Av‡jvPbv P‡j| wØZxq ch©v‡qi Av‡jvPbv ïiæ nq 29
†m‡Þ¤^i †_‡K Ges Zv P‡j 7 A‡±vei ch©šÍ| m‡¤§j‡b GKwU wek¦ms ’̄v MVb
I Gi KvVv‡gv
cvV - 1
-
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
BDwbU - 9 c„ôv - 123
m¤ú‡K© cÖ Í̄ve M„nxZ nq| m‡¤§j‡b wek¦ms ’̄vi bvgKiY Kiv nq
mw¤§wjZ RvwZcyÄ ev RvwZmsN| m‡¤§j‡b wm×všÍ nq †h wek¦ms ’̄vi PviwU
kvLv _vK‡e| mKj m`m¨ ivóª wb‡q mvaviY mfv, 11 m`m¨ wewkó wbivcËv
cwil`, AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivjq I GKwU mwPevjq _vK‡e| wbivcËv cwil` MV‡b
’̄vqx I A ’̄vqx m`‡m¨i cÖ Í̄ve Kiv nq| ejv nq cvuPwU ‡`k ’̄vqx m`m¨
I QÕwU †`k A ’̄vqx m`m¨ c` cv‡e| ’̄vqx m`m¨‡`i †f‡Uvi AwaKvi †`Iqvi
wm×všÍ M„nxZ n‡qwQj| Z‡e
†f‡Uv `v‡bi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© †Kvb HK¨gZ nq wb| A ’̄vqx m`m¨c` m¤ú‡K©
ejv n‡qwQj ỳÕeQi ci ci mvaviY mfv KZ©„K Giv wbe©vwPZ n‡e|
Wz¤̂viUb IKm cwiKíbv‡K ev Í̄‡e iƒc †`Iqvi Rb¨ 1945 mv‡ji
†deªæqvix gv‡m wµBqvëvq GKwU kxl© m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| G‡Z †hvM †`b
iæR‡fë, ó¨vwjb I PvwP©j| IB m‡¤§j‡b e„nr cvuPwU kw³ hy³ivóª,
†mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb, weª‡Ub, Pxb I d«v݇K †f‡Uv ¶gZv †`Iqv nq| Ges
Zuviv Ggb wm×všÍ †`b †h kvwšÍ I wbivcËv wbwðZ Kivi ¯̂v‡_© `ªæZ cȪ
ÍvweZ AvšÍR©vwZK ms ’̄vwU MVb Kiv n‡e| Bqvëv kxl© ˆeV‡Ki wm×všÍ
Abyhvqx GKwU mb` iPbv Kivi Rb¨ hy³iv‡óªi mvbd«vwÝm‡Kv kn‡i 1945
mv‡ji 25 GwcÖj †_‡K 26 Ryb ch©šÍ 50wU †`‡ki cÖwZwbwaiv wgwjZ nb| 26
Ryb 111 wU aviv m¤̂wjZ mb`wU Aby‡gvw`Z nq| Ges Zv‡Z e„nr c kw³i
†f‡Uv ¶gZv ¯̂xKvi K‡i †bqv nq| Z‡e me©m¤§Zfv‡e mb`wU ¯̂v¶wiZ nq 24
A‡±vei| †gvU 51wU †`k g~j mb‡` ¯̂v¶i K‡iwQj| G Kvi‡Y, cÖwZ eQi 24
A‡±vei‡K RvwZmsN w`em wn‡m‡e D`&hvcb Kiv n‡q _v‡K| Gfv‡eB ̀ xN©
Pvi eQ‡ii cwiKíbv I wek¦ kvwšÍ I wbivcËv wbwðZKiY Ges wewfbœ †`‡ki
g‡a¨ mn‡hvwMZvg~jK m¤úK© evov‡bvi cÖ‡qvR‡b RvwZmsN AvZœcÖKvk
K‡iwQj| RvwZmsN mb` M„nxZ nevi ci 1946 mv‡ji 10 Rvbyqvix jÛ‡bi I‡qó
wgwbóv‡ii †m›Uªvj n‡j cÖ_g ev‡ii gZ mvaviY cwil‡`i Awa‡ekb e‡m|
D‡jøL¨, RvwZmsN mb` M„nxZ nevi ci G ch©šÍ mb‡`i PviwU aviv ms‡kvab
Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1965 mv‡j wbivcËv cwil‡`i m`m¨c` 11 †_‡K evwo‡q 15 Kiv
n‡q‡Q| Ges wewfbœ c×wZMZ I Ab¨vb¨ mKj wel‡q wbivcËv cwil‡`i nu¨v
m~PK †fv‡Ui msL¨v 7 †_‡K evwo‡q 9 Kiv n‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ ’̄vqx cuvP
m`‡m¨i †fvU Aek¨B _vK‡Z n‡e| 1965 mv‡j A_©‡bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil‡`i
m`m¨c` 18 †_‡K evwo‡q 27 Kiv n‡q‡Q, Ges 1973 mv‡j Zv Av‡iv evwo‡q
54 Kiv n‡q‡Q| 1968 mv‡j mb` ch©v‡jvPbvi Rb¨ wbivcËv cwil` KZ…©K
mvaviY m‡¤§jb WvK‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq †fv‡Ui msL¨v 7 †_‡K evwo‡q 9 Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
mviK_v 1945 mv‡j RvwZmsN AvZœcÖKvk Ki‡jI, `xN© Pvi eQi †j‡M‡Q GB
cÖwµqv m¤úbœ Ki‡Z| 1941 †_‡K 1945 mvj ch©šÍ wek¦ †bZ…e„›` wewfbœ
kxl© ˆeV‡K GKwU AvšÍR©vwZK ms ’̄v MV‡bi cÖ‡kœ gZ wewbgq K‡ib I
msMVbwUi P‚ovšÍ iƒc‡iLv cÖYqb K‡ib| RvwZms‡Ni g~j mb‡` 51wU †`k
¯̂v¶i Ki‡jI, eZ©gv‡b RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ msL¨v wZb¸‡Yi Dc‡i e„w× †c‡q‡Q|
AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ cÖwZôv, A_©vr wewfbœ iv‡óªi g‡a¨ D‡ËRbv n«vm I
we‡iva wggvsmvq RvwZmsN ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q|
-
Gm Gm GBP Gj
ivR‰bwZK msMVb c„ôv - 124
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ : mwVK Dˇi wUK wPý w`b 1.
RvwZms‡Ni m`i `dZi †Kv_vq Aew ’̄Z ? K) †R‡bfv; L) bqvw`jøx; M)
bvB‡ivex; N) wbDBqK©| 2. RvwZmsN KZ mv‡j AvZœcÖKvk K‡i ? K) 1945;
L) 1941; M) 1946; N) 1940| 3. RvwZmsN mb` ‡Kvb Zvwi‡L me©m¤§wZµ‡g
¯̂v¶wiZ nq ? K. 24 A‡±vei; L. 26 Ryb; M. 25 GwcÖj; N. 10 b‡f¤^i| 4.
RvwZmsN mb‡`i aviv KqwU ? K. 111wU; L. 100wU; M. 12wU; N. 18wU| 5.
Wz¤̂viUb IKm wK ? K. GKwU Mv‡Qi bvg; L. GKwU ’̄v‡bi bvg; M. GKRb
gvby‡li bvg; N.GKwU cvLxi bvg| 6. RvwZmsN bvgwU †K w`‡qwQ‡jb ? K.
PvwP©j; L. ó¨vwjb; M. iæR‡fë; N. wPqvs KvB‡mK| 7. AvUjvw›UK PvU©vi
K‡e ¯̂v¶wiZ nq ? K. 1941 mv‡j; L. 1945 mv‡j; M. 1952 mv‡j; N. 1940
mv‡j|
-
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
BDwbU - 9 c„ôv - 125
8. RvwZms‡Ni wbivcËv cwil‡`i ’̄vqx m`m¨ †`k KÕwU ? K. 11wU; L.
15wU; M. 5wU; N. 20wU| 9. †Kvb kn‡i RvwZmsN mb`wU ¯̂v¶wiZ n‡qwQj ?
K. jÛb; L. wbDBqK©; M. mvbd«vbwmm‡Kv; N. †Znivb| 10. mvaviY cwil‡`i
cÖ_g Awa‡ekb e‡m †Kvb kn‡i ? K. jÛb; L. wbDBqK©; M. †Znivb; N.
g‡¯‹v| DËigvjv : 1.N 2.K 3.K 4.K 5.L 6.M 7.K 8.M 9.M 10.K iPbvg~jK
cÖkœ 1. RvwZmsN MV‡bi cUf‚wg ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
-
Gm Gm GBP Gj
ivR‰bwZK msMVb c„ôv - 126
RvwZms‡Ni j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I bxwZgvjv D‡Ïk¨ G cvV †k‡l Avcwb RvwZms‡Ni
j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I bxwZ m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb; wek¦ kvwšÍ i¶vq RvwZms‡Ni
f‚wgKv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; m`m¨f‚³ iv󪸇jvi e¨vcv‡i RvwZms‡Ni
KZ©e¨¸‡jv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| RvwZmsN mb‡`i cÖ Í̄vebv I mb‡`i 1 I 2
bs avivq G msMV‡bi j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I bxwZ¸‡jv ¯úófv‡e K‡i D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G wek¦ms ’̄vi cÖavb j¶¨ n‡”Q wek¦ kvwšÍ I wbivcËv mywbwðZ
Kiv| g~jZ ỳÕwU wek¦hy× Ges wek¦hy‡×i Kvi‡Y mgMÖ gvbe RvwZi Rxe‡b
†h AeY©b©xq `ytL-`y`©kvi m„wó n‡qwQj, Zvi fqvenZv Abyaveb K‡iB
wek¦‡bZ…e„›` RvwZms‡Ni j¶¨ wba©viY K‡iwQ‡jb| wek¦ †bZ…e„‡›`i Kv‡Q
†hme welq ZLb cÖvavb¨ †c‡qwQj, Zv n‡jv †h †Kvb ai‡Yi hyׇK
wbiæRmvwnZ Kiv, †QvU †QvU †`‡ki wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv, AvMÖvmx †`k¸‡jvi
weiæ‡× e¨e ’̄v †bqv, GKwU wbivcËv ejq m„wó Kiv, we‡k¦i wewfbœ †`‡ki
gvbevwaKvi cwiw ’̄wZi DbœwZmvab Kiv, AvšÍR©vwZK AvB‡bi eva¨evaKZvi
e¨vcv‡i †`k¸‡jv‡K aviYv †`qv, Dciš‘ †QvU †QvU †`k¸‡jvi cÖMwZ I
Dbœqb mva‡b ewjô f‚wgKv cvjb Kiv BZ¨vw`| wek¦‡bZ…e„›` Gme j¶¨‡K
mvg‡b †i‡LB RvwZms‡Ni mb` iPbv K‡ib| RvwZmsN mb‡` ejv n‡q‡Q Gme
j¶¨¸‡jv ev Í̄evqb Ki‡Z n‡j cÖwZwU ivóª mnbkxjZvi bxwZ AbymiY Ki‡e|
cÖwZwU ivóª mr cÖwZ‡ekx myjf AvPiY Ki‡e Ges kvwšÍ‡Z emevm Ki‡e|
A_©vr †Kvb ivóª AvMÖvmx f‚wgKv †b‡e bv I mg-gh©v`vi wfwˇZ
cvk¦©eZ©x †`k¸‡jvi mv‡_ my-m¤úK© M‡o Zzj‡e| mb‡` ejv n‡q‡Q
AvšÍ©RvwZK kvwšÍ I wbivcËv i¶v Kivi Rb¨ mKj iv‡óªi kw³ HK¨e× Ki‡Z
n‡e| A_©vr AvMÖvmx iv‡óªi weiæ‡× †QvU †QvU iv‡óªi wbivcËv GKwU
HK¨e× cÖ‡Póvi gva¨‡gB wbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e| GB HK¨e× cÖ‡PóvB wek¦kvwšÍi
Ab¨Zg i¶vKeP| RvwZmsN mb‡` mk ¿̄ evwnbx e¨envi‡KI wbiæRmvwnZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| e¨w³MZ ¯̂v_© D×v‡i mk ¿̄ evwnbxi e¨envi hy‡×i m¤¢vebvi Rb¥•
w`‡qwQj| GRb¨ wbw ©̀ó KviY Qvov mk ¿̄ evwnbx‡K e¨envi bv Kivi Dci
¸iæZ¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q| RvwZmsN hv‡Z GKwU iv‡óªi mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK
Dbœq‡bi †¶‡Î mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Z cv‡i, RvwZms‡Ni mb‡` GB welqwUiI D‡jøL
Av‡Q|
RvwZms‡Ni mb‡`i 1bs avivq PviwU D‡Ï‡k¨i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv
n‡”Qt AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ I wbivcËv eRvq ivLv; cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZi
AvZœwbqš¿‡Yi AwaKvi ¯̂xKvi K‡i mv‡g¨i wfwˇZ Zv‡`i g‡a¨ eÜzZ¡c~Y©
m¤úK© ’̄vcb Kiv; A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ AvšÍ©RvwZK
mn‡hvwMZv e„w× Kiv| †mB mv‡_ gvbevwaKvi I gvby‡li
†gŠwjK ¯̂vaxbZvi cÖwZ kª×v‡eva wbwðZ Kiv; Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv
ev Í̄evq‡bi Rb¨ GB AvšÍ©RvwZK msMVb‡K mKj RvwZi wµqvKjv‡ci †K›
ª̀we› ỳ‡Z
cwiYZ Kiv|
Ab¨w`‡K RvwZmsN mb‡`i 2bs avivq mvZwU †gŠwjK bxwZi K_v D‡jøL Kiv
n‡q‡Q| 1bs avivq †h me D‡Ï‡k¨i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q, Zv ev Í̄evq‡bi Rb¨ GB
bxwZ¸‡jv Acwinvh©| RvwZmsN mb‡` Avkvev` e¨³ Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, cÖwZwU
†`k GB mvZwU †gŠwjK bxwZ‡K mvg‡b †i‡LB Zv‡`i ivóªxq Kvh©Kjvc
cwiPvjbv Ki‡e| GB mvZwU bxwZ n‡”Q h_vµ‡gt
cÖwZwU iv‡óªi mve©‡fŠg I mgZv bxwZi Dci RvwZmsN cÖwZwôZ; cÖwZwU
m`m¨ ivóª Ab¨ iv‡óªi AwaKv‡ii e¨vcv‡i RvwZmsN mb‡` †h weavb I
eva¨evaKZv Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q,
Zv †g‡b Pj‡Z eva¨ _vK‡e; AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ I wbivcËv hv‡Z wewNœZ
bv nq, †mw`‡K cÖwZwU m`m¨ ivóª j¶¨ ivL‡e| m`m¨ iv󪸇jv Ab¨
iv‡óªi mv‡_ we‡iva wb®úwËi †¶‡Î Ggb wKQy Ki‡e bv, hv‡Z kvwšÍ I
wbivcËv wewNœZ nq;
cvV - 2
-
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
BDwbU - 9 c„ôv - 127
cÖwZwU ivóª Ab¨ iv‡óªi ivR‰bwZK ¯̂vaxbZv I †fŠ‡MvwjK ALÛZvi cÖwZ
kª×vkxj _vK‡e; RvwZms‡N M„nxZ cÖwZwU wm×všÍ m`m¨ iv󪸇jv mg_©b
Ki‡e; RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ bq Ggb †`k wek¦kvwšÍ I wbivcËv i¶vi †¶‡Î hv‡Z
GB bxwZ¸‡jv AbymiY K‡i RvwZmsN †m
e¨vcv‡i D‡`¨vM †b‡e; RvwZmsN †Kvb iv‡óªi Af¨šÍixY NUbvq n Í̄‡¶c
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ kvwšÍ I wbivcËv hw` wewNœZ nq, Zvn‡j
RvwZmsN H iv‡óªi Af¨šÍixY NUbvq n Í̄‡¶c Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
mviK_v RvwZms‡Ni j¶¨, D‡Ïk¨ I bxwZ n‡”Q wek¦ kvwšÍ I wbivcËv
wbwðZ Kiv| RvwZmsN cÖwZwU RvwZi AvZœwbqš¿Y AwaKvi ¯̂xKvi K‡i Ges
mgZvi wfwˇZ cÖwZwU iv‡óªi mv‡_ m¤úK© ’̄vcb Kivi bxwZ‡Z wek¦vmx|
RvwZmsN cÖwZwU †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœq‡bi e¨vcv‡i A½xKvive×|
RvwZmsN †Kvb †`‡ki Af¨šÍixY NUbvq n Í̄‡¶c Ki‡e bv| wKš‘ hw` H ivóª
wek¦ kvwšÍ I wbivcËvi cÖwZ ûgwK n‡q †`Lv †`q, Zvn‡j H iv‡óªi
Af¨šÍixY NUbvq n Í̄‡¶c‡K ¯̂xKvi K‡i †bqv n‡q‡Q|
-
Gm Gm GBP Gj
ivR‰bwZK msMVb c„ôv - 128
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ mwVK Dˇi wUK () wPý w`b 1.
RvwZms‡Ni g~j j¶¨ n‡jv K. wek¦kvwšÍ I wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv; L. ïaygvÎ
hy× weaŸ Í̄ †`k‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv; M. hy× †NvlYv Kiv; N. wØcvw¶K
welq¸‡jv‡K ¸iæZ¡ bv †`qv| 2. RvwZmsN mb‡` ejv n‡q‡Q- K. mg gh©v`vi
K_v; L. GK †`‡ki GKK KZ…©‡Z¡i K_v; M. e„nr cuvPwU †`‡ki †hŠ_
KZ©…‡Z¡i K_v; N. e„nr kw³i KZ…©‡Z¡i K_v| 3. RvwZmsN 1bs avivq ejv
n‡q‡Q- K. GKvwaK D‡Ï‡k¨i K_v; L. 4wU D‡Ï‡k¨i K_v; M. GKwU D‡Ï‡k¨i
K_v; N. †Kvb D‡Ï‡k¨i K_v ejv nq wb| 4. RvwZmsN mb‡`i 2bs avivq ejv
n‡q‡Q - K. GKvwaK bxwZi K_v; L. `ywU bxwZi K_v; M. mvZwU bxwZi K_v;
N. Dc‡ii †KvbwUB bq| DËigvjv : 1.K 2.K 3.K 4.M iPbvg~jK cÖkœ 1.
RvwZms‡Ni j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨ m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| 2. RvwZms‡Ni
bxwZ¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
-
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
BDwbU - 9 c„ôv - 129
RvwZms‡Ni MVb c×wZ D‡Ïk¨ G cvV †k‡l Avcwb RvwZms‡Ni MVb KvVv‡gv
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; G QqwU kvLvi MVb I f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z
cvi‡eb; RvwZms‡Ni Aax‡b †h we‡kl ms ’̄v i‡q‡Q, †mB ms ’̄v¸‡jv
m¤ú‡K© GKUv aviYv cv‡eb| mb` Abyhvqx RvwZms‡Ni 6wU kvLv i‡q‡Q| GB
kvLv¸‡jv n‡”Q - mvaviY cwil` (General Assembly) wbivcËv cwil`
(Security Council) A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil` (Economic and Social
Council) AwQ cwil` (Trusteeship Council) AvšÍ©RvwZK wePvivjq
(International Court of Justice) mwPevjq (Secretariat) mvaviY cwil`
RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨f‚³ cÖwZwU †`k mvaviY cwil‡`i m`m¨| cÖwZwU †`‡ki GKwU
K‡i †fvU i‡q‡Q| mvaviY cwil†` g~jZ wewfbœ welq wb‡q Avjvc Av‡jvPbv
nq| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î, we‡kl K‡i kvwšÍ I wbivcËvi
cÖ‡kœ, bZzb m`m¨ AšÍ©f~w³i cÖ‡kœ, ev‡RU msµvšÍ Ab¨vb¨ cÖ‡kœ mvaviY
msL¨vMwiô †fv‡U wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq| RvwZmsN mb` Abyhvqx mvaviY cwil`
†hme KvR K‡i, Zv wb¤œiƒc: wbi ¿̄xKiY m¤úwK©Z †h †Kvb Av‡jvPbv I
mycvwik Kiv; AvšÍ©RvwZK kvwšÍ I wbivcËv m¤úwK©Z †h †Kvb Av‡jvPbv,
Z‡e kZ© _v‡K †h, welqwU wb‡q BwZc~‡e© wbivcËv
cwil‡` Av‡jvPbv nq wb, Ges welqwU wbivcËv cwil‡`i we‡ePbvaxbI
bq;
RvwZms‡Ni †h †Kvb A½ msMV‡bi KvR ev ¶gZv msµvšÍ welq wb‡q
Av‡jvPbv Kiv I mycvwik †ck Kiv; AvšÍ©RvwZK mn‡hvwMZv †Rvi`vi Kivi
j‡¶¨ †h †Kvb mycvwik †ck Kiv, AvšÍR©vwZK AvBb Dbœqb,
gvbevwaKvi,
I mevi Rb¨ †gŠwjK AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv, wk¶v, ¯̂v ’̄¨, mvs¯‹…wZK
†¶‡Î mn‡hvwMZv e„w×i e¨vcv‡i mycvwik Kiv;
wbivcËv cwil`mn msMV‡bi Ab¨vb¨ A½ msMV‡bi wi‡cvU© MÖnY Kiv I †mB
wi‡cvU© wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv; RvwZms‡Ni ev‡RU wb‡q Av‡jvPbv I Zv
Aby‡gv`b Kiv| m`m¨ †`k¸‡jvi Puv`vi nvi wbav©iY Kiv; wbivcËv cwil‡`i
A ’̄vqx m`m¨‡`i I †mB mv‡_ A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil` Ges AwQ cwil‡`i
m`m¨‡`i
wbe©vwPZ Kiv| wbivcËv cwil‡`i mv‡_ GK mv‡_ AvšÍ©RvwZK Av`vj‡Zi
m`m¨‡`i wbe©vwPZ Kiv Ges wbivcËv cwil‡`i mycvwi‡ki wfwˇZ RvwZms‡Ni
Rb¨ GKRb gnvmwPe wbe©vwPZ Kiv|
AvšÍ©RvwZK kvwšÍ I wbivcËv wewNœZ n‡q‡Q Ggb †Kvb Kv‡R ev †`‡ki
weiæ‡× wbivcËv cwil` hw` †Kvb Kvh©Kix e¨ve ’̄v wb‡Z e¨_© nq, Zvn‡j
G †¶‡Î mvaviY cwil` c`‡¶c wb‡Z cv‡i|
cvV - 3
-
Gm Gm GBP Gj
ivR‰bwZK msMVb c„ôv - 130
cÖwZeQ‡ii †m‡Þ¤̂i gv‡mi Z…Zxq g½jev‡i mvaviY cwil‡`i wbqwgZ
Awa‡ekb ïiæ nq, Ges Zv P‡j wW‡m¤̂‡ii gvSvgvwS ch©šÍ| cÖwZwU wbqwgZ
Awa‡ek‡bi Av‡M GKRb mfvcwZ, 21 Rb mn-mfvcwZ I cwil‡`i QqwU cÖavb
KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vbiv wbe©wPZ nb| cÖavb KwgwU¸‡jv wbæiƒc: wbi ¿̄xKiY I
AvšÍR©vwZK wbivcËv welqK KwgwU (cÖ_g KwgwU); A_©bxwZ I Avw_©K welq
m¤ú‡K© KwgwU (wØZxq KwgwU); mvgvwRK, gvbeKj¨vY I ms¯‹…wZ welqK
KwgwU (Z…Zxq KwgwU); we‡kl ivR‰bwZK I Dcwb‡ek we‡jvc KwgwU ( PZz_©
KwgwU); cÖkvmwbK I ev‡RU welqK KwgwU (cÂg KwgwU); AvBb welqK KwgwU
(ló KwgwU)| mvaviY cwil‡`i mfvcwZ mvaviYZ cÖwZeQi Avwd«Kv, Gwkqv,
ga¨ BD‡ivc, j¨vwZb Av‡gwiKv, cwðg BD‡ivc- GB cuvPwU MÖæ‡ci g‡a¨
†_‡K cvjvµ‡g wbe©vwPZ n‡q _v‡Kb| mvaviY cwil‡`i mfvcwZ, 21 Rb
mn-mfvcwZ I QqwU cÖavb KwgwUi †Pqvig¨vb‡`i wb‡q Avevi GKwU mvaviY
KwgwU i‡q‡Q| †h‡nZz cÖwZeQi mvaviY cwil‡` Av‡jvPbvi Rb¨ wewfbœ welq
AšÍf©y³ nq, †m‡nZz Av‡jvPbvi myweav‡_© welq¸‡jv Dc‡i D‡jøwLZ QqwU
KwgwUi Dci b¨v Í̄ Kiv nq| wKQy wKQy welq KwgwU‡Z Av‡jvPbv bv n†q
c~Y©v½ mfvq Av‡jvwPZ nq| KwgwU¸‡jv‡Z mvaviY msL¨vMwiôZvq †Kvb
wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq| KLbI aŸbx †fv‡UI wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq| Z‡e cwil‡` M„nxZ
†Kvb wm×všÍ gvb‡Z m`m¨ iv󪸇jv‡K mvaviY cwil` eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
wbivcËv cwil` RvwZmsN mb` Abyhvqx wbivcËv cwil‡`i g~j `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q
AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ I wbivcËv eRvq ivLv| wbivcËv cwil‡`i eZ©gvb m`m¨
msL¨v n‡”Q 15| Gi gv‡S 5wU (hy³ivóª, ivwkqv, Pxb, d«vÝ I hy³ivR¨)
n‡”Q ’̄vqx m`m¨| evwK `kwU m`m¨ ivóª AÂj wfwˇZ mvaviY cwil` KZ©„K
ỳB eQi †gqv‡`i Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡q _v‡K| G‡`i †gqv` ïiæ nq Rvbyqvix
†_‡K, Ges †kl nq c‡ii eQ‡ii wW‡m¤̂i gv‡m| wbivcËv cwil‡` cÖwZwU
iv‡óªi GKwU K‡i †fvU i‡q‡Q| ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wm×všÍ MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î cuvPwU
’̄vqx cwil‡`i †fvUmn †gvU 9wU †fv‡Ui cÖ‡qvRb nq| ’̄vqx m`m¨‡`i GKwU
we‡kl ¶gZv Av‡Q| GB we‡kl ¶gZv‡K ejv nq †f‡Uv| cuvPwU ’̄vqx m`‡m¨i
†h †Kvb GKwU ivóª †h †Kvb cÖ Í̄v‡ei mv‡_ wØgZ †cvlY K‡i †f‡Uv
cÖ‡qvM K‡i IB cÖ Í̄v‡ei g„Zy¨ NUv‡Z cv‡i| A ’̄vqx m`m¨‡`i †Kvb
†f‡Uv ¶gZv †bB| RvwZms‡Ni Ab¨vb¨ ms ’̄v ev kvLv (†hgb mvaviY cwil`)
†hLv‡b miKvi¸‡jvi Kv‡Q mycvwik †ck Ki‡Z cv‡i, †mLv‡b wbivcËv cwil`
†m me wm×všÍ gvb‡Z m`m¨ iv󪸇jv‡K eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i| RvwZms‡Ni mb`
Abyhvqx wbivcËv cwil‡`i ¶gZv I KvR wb¤œiƒc t AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ I
wbivcËv eRvq ivLv; msNl©, weev` I D‡ËRbvi Rb¥ w`‡Z cv‡i, Ggb me
wel‡qi Z`šÍ Kiv Ges kvwšÍi cÖwZ ûgwK I AvMÖvmb‡K
wPwýZ Kiv| Gme wel‡q wK ai‡bi c`‡¶c †bqv hvq, Zvi mycvwik Kiv;
mgiv‡ ¿̄i gRy` I wbqš¿‡Yi Rb¨ wewfbœ †KŠkj Aej¤^b Kiv; AvMÖvmx †Kvb
kw³i cÖ‡qvR‡b †mB kw³i weiæ‡× A_©‰bwZK Ae‡iva Av‡ivc Kiv; mvgwiK
w`K w`‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ’̄vb¸‡jv Dci wKQy welqK Pzw³ Aby‡gv`b I Zvi
cwieZ©b Kiv; RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwP‡ei g‡bvbqb P‚ovšÍ Kiv I wb‡qv‡Mi Rb¨
Zuvi bvg mvaviY cwil‡` mycvwik Kiv Ges mvaviY cwil‡`i mv‡_ GK‡hv‡M
wg‡j AvšÍR©vwZK Av`vj‡Zi wePviK‡`i wb‡qvM Kiv| RvwZmsN mb‡` wbivcËv
cwil`‡K AvMÖvmx †Kvb kw³i weiæ‡× cÖ‡qvR‡b mvgwiK e¨e ’̄v †bqvi
AwaKvi w`‡jI, wbivcËv cwil` me †¶‡Î G e¨e ’̄v †bq bv| kvwšÍ wewNœZ
nIqvi AvksKv †`Lv w`‡j wbivcËv cwil` cÖ_‡g weev`gvb c¶¸‡jv‡K
kvwšÍc~Y©fv‡e mgm¨v mgvav‡bi AvnŸvb Rvbvq| KLbI ga¨ ’̄Zv K‡i, KLbI
†Mvj‡hvMc~Y© GjvKvq RvwZms‡Ni kvwšÍi¶x evwnbx cvwV‡q D‡ËRbv cÖkg‡bi
D‡`¨vM †bq| P‚ovšÍ ch©v‡q wbivcËv cwil` mvgwiK e¨e ’̄v †bq| †Kvb
iv‡óªi weiæ‡×
-
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
BDwbU - 9 c„ôv - 131
kvw Í̄g~jK e¨e ’̄v †bqv, wek¦ mfv †_‡K †mB ivóª‡K ewn®‹vi Kivi
e¨vcv‡i wbivcËv cwil` mvaviY cwil`‡K mycvwik Ki‡Z cv‡i| A_©‰bwZK I
mvgvwRK cwil` GB ms ’̄vwU RvwZms‡Ni A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK KvRK‡g©i
mgš̂q K‡i _v‡K| cwil‡`i m`m¨ msL¨v 54| cÖ_g w`‡K GB m`m¨ msL¨v wQj
18| 1965 mv‡j m`m¨ msL¨v evwo‡q Kiv nq 27, Avi 1973 mv‡j Zv Av‡iv
evwo‡q Kiv nq 54| m`m¨iv wZb eQ‡ii Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ n‡q _v‡K| cÖwZeQi
18wU m`m¨ ivóª wZb eQ‡ii Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ nq Ges †h 18wU iv‡óªi wZb
eQ‡ii †gqv` †kl nq, Zv‡`i ’̄vb c~iY K‡i bZzb 18wU ivóª| msL¨vMwió
†fv‡U A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil‡`i wm×všÍ M„nxZ nq| RvwZmsN mb`
Abyhvqx A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK cwil‡`i KvR I ¶gZv wb¤œiƒc: AvšÍR©vwZK
A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK, wk¶v, I ¯̂v ’̄¨ msµvšÍ wel‡q mgx¶v I
cÖwZ eQi GB mgx¶v wi‡c©vU
†c‡ki e¨e ’̄v Kiv; gvbevwaKvi I †gŠwjK ¯̂vaxbZvi weKvk jv‡fi Rb¨
mycvwik Kiv; Gi AšÍfy©³ wel‡qi Dci AvšÍ©RvwZK m‡¤§jb WvKv I mvaviY
cwil‡` †ck Kivi Rb¨ Lmov bxwZgvjv ˆZix Kiv; RvwZms‡Ni mv‡_ we‡kl
cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi m¤úK© ’̄vcb Kiv Ges mvaviY cwil‡`i Øviv Aby‡gvw`Z n‡q
RvwZms‡Ni
m`m¨‡`i Rb¨ Ges Aby‡iva Kiv n‡j we‡klÁ cÖwZôvb¸‡jvi Rb¨ KvR Kiv;
cwil` †hme welq wb‡q KvR K‡i †mme welq wb‡q †emiKvix ms ’̄v¸‡jvi
m‡½ gZ wewbgq Kiv| A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK wewfbœ mnvqK cÖwZôvb, wewfbœ
Kwgkb I wewfbœ KwgwU Øviv cl©` Zvi KvRKg© cwiPvjbv K‡i| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨
i‡q‡Q cwimsL¨vb Kwgkb, RbmsL¨v Kwgkb, mvgvwRK Dbœqb Kwgkb,
gvbevwaKvi Kwgkb, bvix AwaKvi Kwgkb I gv`K ª̀e¨ welqK Kwgkb,
Avwd«Kv, Gwkqv I cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMixq AÂj, BD‡ivc, j¨vwZb Av‡gwiKv I
K¨vwiexq AÂj, I cwðg Gwkqvi Rb¨ c„_K cuvPwU A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK
Kwgkb| †h QqwU ’̄vqx KwgwU i‡q‡Q, Zvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Kg©m~Px I mgš̂q
KwgwU, cÖvK…wZK m¤ú` KwgwU, †emiKvix ms ’̄v welqK KwgwU,
AvšÍtmiKvix G‡Rwݸ‡jvi m‡½ Avjvc Av‡jvPbv msµvšÍ KwgwU, eûRvwZK
K‡c©v‡ikb msµvšÍ Kwgkb I gvbe emwZ welqK Kwgkb| GKB mv‡_ Aciva `gb
I wbqš¿Y, Dbœqb cwiKíbv wel‡q AvšÍR©vwZK mn‡hvwMZv Ges wec¾bK ª̀e¨
cwien‡bi gZ wel‡qi Dci †ek K‡qKwU ’̄vqx we‡kl cÖwZôvb i‡q‡Q| cwil`
eQ‡i ỳevi Awa‡ek‡b wgwjZ nq| GLv‡b D‡jøL¨ †h, RvwZms‡Ni mb‡` we‡kl
ms ’̄vi K_v D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| Gme ms ’̄v RvwZms‡Ni mv‡_ we‡kl Pzw³‡Z
Ave× n‡jI, Giv ̄ ^vqËkvwmZ| Gme ms ’̄v cÖwZeQ‡i A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK
cwil‡`i Kv‡Q Zv‡`i Kv‡Ri wn‡me `vwLj K‡i| G ai‡bi †gvU 19wU ms ’̄v
i‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡”Q - AvšÍR©vwZK kªg ms ’̄v (ILO) AvšÍR©vwZK Lv`¨ I
K…wl ms ’̄v (FAO) RvwZms‡Ni wk¶v, weÁvb I ms¯‹…wZ welqK ms ’̄v
(UNESCO) wek¦ ¯̂v ’̄¨ ms ’̄v (WHO) AvšÍR©vwZK c~Ye©vmb I Dbœqb
e¨vsK (IBRD) AvšÍR©vwZK Dbœqb mwgwZ (IDA) AvšÍR©vwZK A_© ms ’̄v
(IFC) eûc¶xq wewb‡qvM M¨vivw›U ms ’̄v (MIGA) AvšÍR©vwZK gy`ªv Znwej
(IMF) AvšÍR©vwZK †emvgwiK wegvb PjvPj ms ’̄v (ICAO) wek¦ WvK BDwbqb
(UPU) AvšÍR©vwZK †Uwj‡hvMv‡hvM BDwbqb (ITU) wek¦ AvenvIqv ms ’̄v
(WMO) AvšÍR©vwZK mgy`ª PjvPj ms ’̄v (IMO) wek¦ eyw×e„wË m¤ú` ms ’̄v
(WIPO)
-
Gm Gm GBP Gj
ivR‰bwZK msMVb c„ôv - 132
K…wl Dbœqb msµvšÍ AvšÍR©vwZK Znwej (IFAD) RvwZmsN wkí Dbœqb ms
’̄v (UNIDO) AvšÍR©vwZK AvYweK kw³ ms ’̄v (IAEA) ïé I evwYR¨ welqK
mvaviY Pzw³ (GATT) AwQ cwil` RvwZmsN MwVZ nevi ci H me A‡ji
`vwqZ¡fvi RvwZms‡Ni Dci eZ©vq †h me AÂj ZLb ch©šÍ ¯̂vaxbZv jv‡fi
Rb¨ Dchy³ n‡q I‡V wb| RvwZms‡Ni `vwqZ¡ co‡jv H me AÂj¸‡jv‡K
¯̂vaxbZvi Rb¨ ˆZix Kiv| Avi G Kvi‡YB RvwZmsN H me AÂj cÖkvm‡bi Rb¨
AwQ cwil` MVb K‡i| RvwZmsN mb` Abyhvqx AwQ e¨e ’̄vi D‡Ïk¨ nj
wb¤œiƒc :
AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ I wbivcËv e„w× Kiv; AwQ e¨e ’̄vi AšÍM©Z AÂj¸‡jv
Awaevmx‡`i ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK I wk¶vi DbœwZ mvab K‡i
†mB
me AÂj‡K ¯̂vqËkvm‡bi Rb¨ ˆZix Kiv; IB me A‡ji RbM‡Yi gvbweK
AwaKvi wbwðZ Kiv| mvgªvR¨ev`x iv󪸇jv c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k †h
Dcwb‡ek cÖwZôv K‡iwQj, H me Dcwb‡e‡ki cÖ‡Z¨KwU‡Z AwQ cwil‡`i KZ…©Z¡
cÖwZwôZ nq wb| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i ci wewRZ A¶ kw³i AwaKvi †_‡K †hme
AÂj gy³ n‡qwQj, †mB me A‡ji DciB AwQ cwil‡`i KZ©„Z¡ cÖwZwôZ
n‡qwQj| AwQ cwil` mvaviY cwil‡`i Aax‡b KvR K‡i| Z‡e mvgwqKfv‡e
¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h me AÂj i‡q‡Q, †mLv‡b AwQ cwil` wbivcËv cwil‡`i
KZ©„Z¡vax‡b KvR K‡i| AwQ cwil‡`i wbw ©̀ó †Kvb m`m¨ wQj bv| Gi A‡a©K
cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Zv AwQfy³ AÂj †_‡K| evKx A‡a©K Ab¨ iv󪸇jvi g‡a¨
†_‡K †bqv nZ| eZ©gv‡b Gi m`m¨ msL¨v Kg‡Q| eZ©gv‡b wbivcËv cwil‡`i
’̄vqx m`m¨fy³ cuvPwU †`k Gi m`m¨| mvaviY msL¨vMwiô †fv‡U wm×všÍ
†bqv nq| 1994 mv‡ji b‡f¤^‡i †cvjvÛ-Gi ¯̂vaxbZvi g‡a¨ w`‡q AwQ
cwil‡`i Kg©Kv‡Ûi mdj cwimgvwß N‡U| GLb cÖ‡qvRb †ev‡aB †h AwQ cwil`
wgwjZ nq| AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivjq AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivj‡qi aviYvwU A‡bK
cyiv‡bv| cÖ_g wek¦hy‡×i ci jxM Ai †bkbm Gi A½ cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e GKwU
’̄vqx AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivjq cÖwZwôZ n‡qwQj| c‡i RvwZmsN hLb MwVZ nq,
ZLbI Gi D‡`¨v³viv G ai‡bi GKwU
AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivjq cÖwZôv Kivi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Abyfe K‡ib| †m
Abyhvqx RvwZms‡Ni mb‡` GB wePvivjq MVb Kivi K_v D‡jøL Kiv nq| GwU
GLb RvwZmsN mb‡`i Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨fz³ mKj ivóªB
AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivj‡qi m`m¨| †h mKj ivóª RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ bq, ZvivI G
wePvivj‡qi m`m¨ n‡Z cv‡i|Z‡e G †¶‡Î wbivcËv cwil‡`i mycvwikµ‡g
mvaviY cwil` G e¨vcv‡i wm×všÍ †b‡e|
†Kvb ivóª AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivj‡qi †Kej gvÎ wePvi cÖv_©x n‡Z cv‡i,
†Kvb e¨w³ we‡kl wePvi cÖv_©x n‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvQvov GKvwaK iv‡óªi g‡a¨
†h weev`, †mB weev` AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivjq wbR D‡`¨v‡M gxgvsmv Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| GKgvÎ weev`gvb iv󪸇jvi m¤§wZi ciB AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivjq
†Kvb weev` gxgvsmvi D‡`¨vM wb‡Z cv‡i| weev` gxgvsmvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb
Dfq c‡¶i AbygwZ Avi G AbygwZ Avm‡e Pzw³ †_‡K| wewfbœ ivóª Pzw³ K‡i
wm×všÍ †b‡e †h, Zviv weev` gxgvsmvi Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivj‡qi
kibvcbœ n‡e| G †¶‡Î AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivjq we‡iva gxgvsmv Ki‡e| we‡iva
gxgvsmvi mgq wePvivjq †hme welq we‡ePbv Ki‡e Zv n‡”Q:
AvšÍR©vwZK cÖPwjZ wewa weavb; AvšÍR©vwZK cÖ_v‡K M„nxZ AvBb
wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kiv; wewfbœ RvwZ KZ©„K ¯̂xK…Z AvBb Kvbyb; wewfbœ †`‡ki
wewkó AvBbwe`‡`i wePvi msµvšÍ wm×všÍ|
-
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
BDwbU - 9 c„ôv - 133
Z‡e AvšÍR©vwZK Av`vjZ Dc‡`k †`qvi ¶gZvI iv‡L| AvBbMZfv‡e GwU
Ki‡ZI eva¨ bq| Dc‡`k †`qvi ¶gZv m¤ú~Y© †¯̂”Qvaxb|
AvšÍR©wZK wePvivj‡qi wePvi‡Ki msL¨v 15 Rb| mvaviY cwil` I
wbivcËv cwil` c„_K c„_K fv‡e †fv‡U G‡`i wbe©vwPZ K‡i| G‡`i evQvB
Kiv nq †hvM¨Zvi wfwˇZ| GKB †`k †_‡K `yÕRb wePvicwZ _vK‡Z cv‡ib bv|
wePviKiv bq eQ‡ii Rb¨ wbe©vwPZ nb, Ges cybtwbe©vwPZ n‡Z cv‡ib|
Zv‡`i PvKwii †gqv`Kv‡j Zuviv Ab¨ †Kvb †ckv MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
hviv AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivj‡qi wePviK wn‡m‡e wbhy³ n‡eb, Zuv‡`i‡K wbR
wbR †`‡ki m‡e©v”P wePvivj‡qi wePvicwZ wn‡m‡e wbhy³ nIqvi †hvM¨Zv
_vK‡Z n‡e| cÖwZ eQi GK Z…Zxqvsk wePviK Aemi MÖnY K‡ib Ges Zuv‡`i
’̄v‡b bZzb wePviK wbe©vwPZ nb| AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivjq †b`vij¨v‡Ûi †nM
kn‡i Aew ’̄Z| mwPevjq mwPevj‡qi gva¨‡g RvwZms‡Ni ˆ`bw›`b Kg©KvÛ
cwiPvwjZ nq| RvwZmsN mb‡`i cÖ‡YZviv GwU Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb †h,
RvwZmsN †h wekvj Kg©KvÛ cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z hv‡”Q, Zvi Rb¨ GKwU †K› ª̀xq
mwPevjq ̀ iKvi| mwPevjq cÖwZôvi ¸iæZ¡ Zviv Abyaveb Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb|
Avi G Rb¨B RvwZmsN mb‡` mwPevjq‡K RvwZms‡Ni Ab¨Zg †K› ª̀xq ms ’̄vi
gh©v`v †`qv n‡qwQj| RvwZms‡Ni ˆ`bw›`b cÖkvmb cwiPvjbv Kiv I Ab¨vb¨
ms ’̄v‡K mvnvh¨ KivB n‡”Q mwPevj‡qi cÖavb KvR| mwPevj‡qi gyL¨ e¨w³
n‡”Qb gnvmwPe| gnvmwPe‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ K‡qKRb Dc-gnvmwPe I mnKvix
gnvmwPe i‡q‡Qb| wbDBq‡K© RvwZms‡Ni cÖavb mwPevjq Aew ’̄Z| Gi evB‡i
†R‡bfv, bvB‡ivex mn we‡k¦i ‡ek K‡qKwU ’̄v‡b RvwZms‡Ni AvÂwjK Awdm
i‡q‡Q| †gvU 60 nvRvi †jvK RvwZms‡Ni mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ kvLvq KvR
K‡i _v‡Kb| RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPe G ms ’̄vi ¸iæZ¡c~©Y e¨vw³| wbivcËv
cwil‡`i mycvwikµ‡g wZwb mvaviY cwil` KZ©„K wbhy³ nb| gnvmwPe
g‡bvbq‡b wbivcËv cwil‡`i ’̄vqx m`m¨‡`i f‚wgKvB ZvB †ekx| RvwZms‡Ni
mwPevjq mvaviYZ `vßwiK KvR-Kg© mgvavb K‡i| wewfbœ ms ’̄vq Z_¨ †cÖiY
Kivi `vwqZ¡ mwPevj‡qi| mwPevjq wewfbœ ms ’̄vi g‡a¨ mgš̂qKvixi
f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡K| e¨vL¨v, Abyev`, wewfbœ ms ’̄vi Kvh©-weeiYx
wjwce× Kiv, Lmov cÖYqb BZ¨vw` KvRI mwPevjq K‡i _v‡K| RvwZmsN
mwPevj‡q KvR hv‡Z myôfv‡e m¤úbœ nq, †mRb¨ mwPevj‡qi K‡qKwU wefvM
i‡q‡Q| †hgb, wbivcËv cwil‡`i Kvh©vejx msµvšÍ wefvM, A_©bxwZ msµvšÍ
wefvM, mvgvwRK wefvM, Rbms‡hvM wefvM, m‡¤§jb I mvaviY Kvh©vejx,
cÖkvmwbK I Avw_©K wefvM, AvBb wefvM, KvwiMix mnvqZv wefvM| cÖwZwU
wefv‡Mi Avevi K‡qKwU DcwefvM i‡q‡Q| G mg Í̄ wefvM I Dcwefv‡Mi
gva¨‡g mwPevjq Zvi Kvh©vejx m¤úbœ K‡i _v‡K|
mviK_v †gvU 6wU kvLvi gva¨‡g RvwZmsN Zvi Kg©KvÛ cwiPvjbv K‡i|
Z‡e RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil‡` cÖwZwU iv‡óªi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ _vK‡jI,
wbivcËv cwil‡` cÖwZwU iv‡óªi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ †bB| wbivcËv cwil‡` i‡q‡Q
5wU ’̄vqx m`m¨ I 10wU A ’̄vqx m`m¨| ’̄vqx m`m¨‡`i †f‡Uv ¶gZv i‡q‡Q|
wKš‘ A ’̄vqx m`m¨‡`i †f‡Uv ¶gZv †bB| A ’̄vqx m`m¨iv ỳB eQ‡ii Rb¨
wbe©vwPZ nq| RvwZms‡Ni g~j ¶gZv wbivcËv cwil‡`i nv‡Z b¨ Í̄|
AvšÍR©vwZK Dbœqb mwgwZ wKsev wek¦ Lv`¨ ms ’̄vi gZ AvšÍR©vwZK ms
’̄v¸‡jv mivmwifv‡e RvwZms‡Ni A½ msMVb bv n‡jI, we‡kl ms ’̄v iƒ‡c
RvwZms‡Ni mv‡_ RwoZ|
-
Gm Gm GBP Gj
ivR‰bwZK msMVb c„ôv - 134
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ : mwVK Dˇi wUK () wPý w`b 1.
RvwZms‡Ni †gvU kvLv - K. 5wU; L. 6wU; M. 2wU| 2. RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY
cwil‡`i m`m¨ - K. m`m¨f‚³ cÖwZwU †`k; L. wbw ©̀ó K‡qKwU †`k; M.
†gvU 15wU †`k| 3. wbivcË cwil‡`i ’̄vqx m`m¨ msL¨v - K) 5wU; L)
15wU; M) 10wU| 4. wbivcËv cwil‡`i ’̄vqx m`m¨iv wbe©vwPZ nq - K. 2
eQ‡ii Rb¨; L. 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨; M. Awba©vwiZ mg‡qi Rb¨| 5. we‡kl ms
’̄v¸‡jv RvwZms‡Ni- K) GKwU ’̄vqx kvLv; L) m‡½ Pzw³ e‡j RwoZ; M)
mv‡_ Av‡`Š RwoZ bq| 6. AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivj‡q wePv‡ii Rb¨ K. †Kvb †`k
cÖv_©x nq; L. †Mvôx cÖv_©x nq; M. e¨w³ cÖv_©x nq| 7. AvšÍR©vwZK
wePvivj‡qi wePvi‡Ki msL¨v - K. 15 Rb; L. 10 Rb; M. 5 Rb| 8.
AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivjq Aew ’̄Z - K. w` †n‡M; L. wbDBq‡K©; M. IqvwksUb
wWwm‡Z| DËi gvjv : 1.L 2.K 3.K 4.M 5.L 6.K 7.K 8.K msw¶ß DËig~jK
cÖkœ 2. RvwZms‡Ni mvaviY cwil` m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| 3.
RvwZms‡Ni wbivcËv cwil‡`i KvVv‡gv I Gi f‚wgKv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| 4. AwQ
cwil` †Kb MwVZ n‡qwQj Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| 5. AvšÍR©vwZK Av`vj‡Zi f‚wgKv
m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
-
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
BDwbU - 9 c„ôv - 135
RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPe D‡Ïk¨ G cvV †k‡l Avcwb RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwP‡ei
¶gZv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; gnvmwP‡ei wbe©vPb cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv
Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| gnvmwPe RvwZms‡Ni cÖavb cÖkvmwbK Awdmvi| mwPevjq
cwiPvjbv I wbqš¿Y Kivi ¶gZv Zvi nv‡Z b¨v Í̄| Z‡e mvaviY GKRb
cÖkvmwbK Awdmvi wn‡m‡e Zuv‡K MY¨ Kiv n‡j fzj Kiv n‡e| wZwb g~jZ
RvwZms‡Ni Kg©Kv‡Ûi g~j kw³| Zuv‡K wN‡iB RvwZms‡Ni Kg©KvÛ AvewZ©Z
nq| we‡k¦i D‡ËRbv n«vm I msKU †gvP‡b wZwb e¨w³MZfv‡e, KL‡bv
RvwZms‡Ni c¶ †_‡K D‡`¨vM †bb| wbivcËv cwil` Zuvi wb‡qvM P‚ovšÍ K‡i
I mvaviY cwil‡`i gva¨‡g wZwb wb‡qvMcÖvß nb| wZwb mvaviYZ cuvP eQ‡ii
Rb¨ wb‡qvMcÖvß nb| wZwb cybivq wbe©vwPZ n‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e wbivcËv
cwil‡`i ’̄vqx m`m¨iv hw` GwU bv Pvb, Zvn‡j †Kvbfv‡eB cybtwbe©vPb
m¤¢e bq|
RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPe g~jZ mvaviY cwil` A_ev wbivcËv cwil‡`i wb‡
©̀‡kB KvR K‡ib, wZwb †Kvb †`k ev miKvi cÖav‡bi wb‡ ©̀‡k KvR K‡ib
bv| hw`I gnvmwPe †Kvb GKwU †`‡ki bvMwiK wKš‘ H †`‡ki cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨
†`Lv‡bvi †Kvb my‡hvM Zuvi †bB| gnvmwP‡ei Kvh©vejxi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q: wZwb
mwPevjq‡K myôfv‡e wbqš¿Y I cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb; wZwb mwPevj‡qi Ab¨vb¨
Kg©Pvwi‡`i wb‡qvM Ki‡eb; wbivcËv cwil‡`i we‡kl Aby‡iv‡a wZwb mvaviY
cwil‡`i we‡kl Awa‡ekb Avnevb Ki‡Z cv‡ib; wZwb RvwZms‡Ni ev‡RU cÖ
‘̄Z K‡ib| †mB mv‡_ mg Í̄ †`k¸‡jvi Puv`v Av`vq I RvwZms‡Ni e¨q
wbqš¿‡Yi ¶gZv
Zuvi nv‡Z b¨ Í̄; wZwb cÖwZeQi mvaviY mfvi wbKU RvwZms‡Ni
wµqvKjvc m¤ú‡K© cÖwZ‡e`b †cÖiY K‡ib; AwQ AÂj m¤ú‡K© †h wi‡cvU©
gnvmwP‡ei Kv‡Q †ck Kiv nq, †mB wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx wZwb IBme A‡ji
¯̂vaxbZvi
e¨vcv‡i RvwZms‡Ni A½xKvi c~i‡Yi e¨vcv‡i AMÖmi n‡eb; wZwb we‡kl
ms ’̄v¸‡jvi mv‡_ ms‡hvM I †hvMv‡hvM i¶v Ki‡eb Ges mgš^q‡Ki f‚wgKv
cvjb Ki‡eb; wZwb AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ I wbivcËv i¶v I AvšÍtivóªxq
we‡iva gxgvsmvq D‡`¨vM MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib; AvšÍR©vwZK wePvivj‡q
wePvicwZ wb‡qv‡Mi †¶‡Î wZwb mKj iv‡óªi Kv‡Q g‡bvbqbcÎ AvnŸvb K‡ib|
A_©vr †`Lv hv‡”Q gnvmwPe ïaygvÎ GKRb cÖkvmwbK AwdmviB bb, Zuvi
`vwqZ¡ I f‚wgKv e¨vcK| ejv †h‡Z cv‡i Zuv‡K wN‡iB RvwZmsN AvewZ©Z
nq| wZwbB H ms ’̄vi gyL¨ e¨w³| AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ I wbivcËv i¶vq Zvi
f‚wgKv‡K ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i we‡ePbv Kiv nq|
mviK_v RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPe GB ms ’̄vi g~j cÖkvm‡Ki f‚wgKv AwZµg
K‡i AvšÍR©vwZK we‡iva gxgvsmvq GKwU ga¨ ’̄ZvKvixi f‚wgKvq AeZxY©
n‡q‡Qb| AvšÍR©vwZK kvwšÍ I wbivcËv i¶vq Zvi f‚wgKv AvR ¯̂xK…Z| wZwb
GKRb cÖkvmKB bb eis GKRb kvwšÍi¶vKvix|
cvV - 4
-
Gm Gm GBP Gj
ivR‰bwZK msMVb c„ôv - 136
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ mwVK Dˇi wUK () wPý w`b 1.
RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwPe g~jZ GKRb - K. cÖkvmwbK Awdmvi; L. ivóª cÖwZwbwa:
M. GKwU iv‡óªi miKvi cÖavb| 2. RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwP‡ei wb‡qvM P‚ovšÍ
K‡i - K. mvaviY cwil`; L. wbivcËv cwil`; M. AwQ cwil`| 3. gnvmwPe
ỳB iv‡óªi g‡a¨ weev‡` mg‡SvZvi †Kvb D‡`¨vM - K. wb‡Z cv‡ib; L.
wb‡Z cv‡ib bv; M. †bIqv DwPZ bq? DËigvjv : 1.K 2.L 3.K iPbvg~jK
DËig~jK cÖkœ 2. RvwZms‡Ni gnvmwP‡ei f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv
Kiæb|
-
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
BDwbU - 9 c„ôv - 137
RvwZms‡Ni mvdj¨ I e¨_©Zv
D‡Ïk¨ G cvV †k‡l Avcwb RvwZms‡Ni AZxZ f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb;
wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK Bmy¨‡Z RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb; GKzk kZ‡Ki RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv wK nIqv DwPZ, †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv
cv‡eb; †Kvb& †Kvb& †¶‡Î RvwZmsN e¨_© n‡q‡Q, †m e¨vcv‡i ej‡Z
cvi‡eb| 1945 mv‡j gvÎ 51wU †`k wb‡q †h cÖwZôvbwUi hvÎv ïiæ n‡qwQj,
†mB cÖwZôvbwUi eqm AvR Pzqvbœ eQi| GB Pzqvbœ eQ‡i m`m¨fz³ iv‡óªi
msL¨v 51 †_‡K 186‡Z G‡m ùvwo‡q‡Q| RvwZms‡Ni BwZnv‡m mvdj¨ †hgbwU
i‡q‡Q, ‡Zgwb i‡q‡Q e¨v_©Zv| Z‡e RvwZms‡Ni cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †hgb AZx‡Z
wQj, GLbI wVK †Zgb i‡q †M‡Q| RvwZms‡Ni G `xN© hvÎvc‡_ RvwZms‡Ni
e¨_©Zvi cvkvcvwk RvwZms‡Ni mvdj¨I i‡q‡Q| Z‡e e¨_©Zvi †P‡q RvwZms‡Ni
mvdj¨B †ekx| RvwZms‡Ni MV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wQj AvšÍR©wZK kvwšÍ I wbivcËv
wbwðZ Kiv| G D‡Ï‡k¨ ỳB ev Z‡ZvwaK iv‡óªi g‡a¨ we‡iva wb¯úwˇZ I
‡mLv‡b GKwU kvwšÍc~Y© cwi‡ek m„wó‡Z RvwZmsN GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f‚wgKv
cvjb K‡i Avm‡Q| AvdMvwb Í̄vb, K‡¤̂vwWqv I Gj mvjfv`‡i kvwšÍ cÖwZôvq
RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv GLv‡b D‡jø¨L Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| 1979 mv‡ji wW‡m¤̂‡i
AvdMvwb Í̄v‡b †mvwf‡qZ mvgwiK n Í̄‡¶‡ci ci RvwZmsN AvdMvwb ’̄vb
†_‡K †mvwf‡qZ ˆmb¨ cÖZ¨vnvi I †mLv‡b ivR‰bwZK wb¯úwËi c‡¶ KvR K‡i|
1988 mv‡ji 14GwcÖj †R‡bfvq RvwZms‡Ni D‡`¨v‡M GKwU Pzw³ mv¶wiZ nq,
hv †R‡bfv Pzw³ bv‡g cwiwPZ| weev`gvb †`k¸‡jv G‡Z mv¶i K‡i| G‡Z
†mLv‡b Îvb I gvbweK mvnvh¨ cvVv‡bvi my‡hv‡Mi m„wó nq| 1988 mv‡j
MwVZ nq UNGOMAP hv AvdMvwb Í̄vb I cvwK Í̄vb RvwZmsN ga¨ ’̄Zv wgkb|
UNGOMAP Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj AvdMvwb Í̄vb †_‡K †mvwf‡qZ ˆmb¨ cÖZ¨vnv‡i
Z`viwK Kiv| 1989 mv‡ji 15 †deªæqvix GB KvR m¤úbœ nq| 1990 mv‡j
K‡¤^vwWqvi Rb¨ MwVZ nq UNTAG ev RvwZmsN AvšÍeZ©xKvwjb KZ©„c¶| UNTAG
†mLv‡b wbe©vPb Abyôvb, cywjk ch©‡e¶Y, gvbevwaKvi Dbœqb, mv‡o wZb
jv‡Li †ewk kiYv_x© I Zv‡`i cÖZ¨vevmb I cybe©vm‡bi `vwqZ¡ m¤úbœ K‡i|
bvwgweqvq RvwZmsN AšÍeZ©xKvwjb mnvqZv MÖæc UNTAA kvwšÍc~b© fv‡e
†`kwUi ¯̂vaxbZv jvf wbwðZ K‡i| ga¨ Av‡gwiKvi Gj-mvjfv`‡i †mLvbKvi
miKvi I we‡ ª̀vnx Kvivey‡›`v gvwë b¨vkbvj wjev‡ikb d«‡›Ui FMLN g‡a¨
RvwZms‡Ni ga¨ ’̄Zvq 1992 mv‡ji 16 Rvbyqvix †gw·‡Kv wmwU‡Z GKwU Pzw³
mv¶wiZ nq| Gi d‡j †`kwU‡Z msNv‡Zi Aemvb N‡U| bvwgweqvi ¯̂vaxbZvi
cÖ‡kœI RvwZmsN GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~b© f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| bvwgweqv c~‡e© `w¶Y
cwðg Avwd«Kvi wbqš¿bvax‡b wQj| ̀ w¶Y Avwd«Kv †`kwU kvmb Ki‡Zv|
RvwZms‡Ni wbivcËv cwil` bvwgweqvi ̄ ^vaxbZv msµvšÍ GKwU cwiKíbv
MÖnb K‡i 1978 mv‡j Ges †m Abyhvqx RvwZmsN AvšÍeZx©Kvjxb mnvqZv MÖæc
UNTAG MVb Kiv nq| UNTAG †mLv‡b wbe©vP‡bi e¨ve ’̄v K‡i| 1989 mv‡ji
7-11 b‡f¤^i †mLv‡b wbe©vPb AbywôZ nq| Ges Zv‡Z †mvqv‡cv `j weRqx
nq| 1990 mv‡j 9 †deªæqvix me©m¤§wZµ‡g GKwU bqv msweavb Aby‡gvw`Z
nq| Avi †`kwU ¯̂vaxbZv jvf K‡i 1990 mv‡ji 21 gvP©| RvwZms‡Ni Rb¨
bvwgweqvi ¯̂vaxbZv wbwðZ Kivi KvRwU wQj KwVb| c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡ki
Af¨šÍixY ؇›Øi mgvavb, hy× e‡Üi D‡`¨vM,I ‡mLv‡b w ’̄wZkxjZv wbwðZ
Kivi ̄ ^v‡_© RvwZms‡Ni D‡`¨v‡M kvwšÍevwnbx MVb I †gvZv‡qb Kiv
n‡qwQj|
1964 mv‡ji gv‡P© mvBcÖv‡m RvwZmsN kvwšÍi¶v evwnbx UNFICYP MVb
Kiv nq| 1988 mv‡ji 9 AvMó MVb Kiv n‡qwQj RvwZmsN Bivb-BivK mvgwiK
ch©‡e¶K MÖæc UNIIMOG ga¨cÖv‡P¨i wdwjw Í̄bx msKU‡K †K› ª̀ K‡i
RvwZmsN Riæwi evwnbx UNEF, 1956 hy× weiwZ ZË¡veavqK ms ’̄v UNTSO,
1948 RvwZmsN Riæwi evwnbx UNEFI, 1973 RvwZmsN cÖZ¨vnvi ch©‡e¶K
evwnbx UNDOF, 1974 †jevb‡b AšÍeZ©xKvwjb RvwZmsN evwnbx UNIFIL, 1978
BZ¨vw` MVb Kiv nq|
cvV - 5
-
Gm Gm GBP Gj
ivR‰bwZK msMVb c„ôv - 138
RvwZms‡Ni D‡`¨v‡M MwVZ kvwšÍi¶v evwnbx GLb c„w_exi wewfbœ †`‡k
kvwšÍi¶vq wb‡qvwRZ| 1945 †_‡K 1987 mvj ch©šÍ wewfbœ †`‡k 13wU
kvwšÍi¶v Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ 1988 †_‡K 1994 mvj ch©šÍ 22wU
bZzb kvwšÍi¶v Kh©µg MwVZ n‡q‡Q| †hgb UNOMIG RwR©qv, 1993, UNOMIL
jvB‡ewiqv, 1993, UNMIH (nvBwZ), UNAMIR (iæqvÛv, 1993), UNMOT
(ZvwRwK Í̄vb, 1994) BZ¨vw`| RvwZms‡Ni wbR¯̂ †Kvb kvwšÍi¶v evwnbx
†bB| c„w_exi wewfbœ †`k †_‡K kvwšÍi¶v evwnbxi Rb¨ m`m¨ msMÖn Kiv
nq| evsjv‡`‡ki †mbvevwnbxI RvwZms‡Ni kvwšÍi¶v Kvh©µ‡g Ask wb‡”Q|
1988 mv‡j RvwZms‡Ni kvwšÍi¶v evwnbx‡K †bv‡ej kvwšÍ cyi¯‹v‡i f‚wlZ
Kiv nq| wbi ¿̄xKi‡Yi e¨vcv‡iI RvwZms‡Ni c¶ †_‡K e¨vcK D‡`¨vM †bqv
n‡q‡Q| 1959 mv‡ji A¨v›Uv©KwUK Pzw³‡Z A¨v›UwKwUKvq AmvgwiKxKi‡Yi e¨e
’̄v ivLv n‡q‡Q| 1967 mv‡j gnvk~b¨ Pzw³ ¯̂v¶wiZ nq| G‡Z gnvï‡b¨ A_ev
gnvk~‡b¨i Ab¨vb¨ ’̄v‡b cvigvbweK I Ab¨vb¨ MYweaŸsmx A ¿̄ †gvZv‡qb I
gRyZ wbwl× Kiv nq| 1967 mv‡j j¨vwZb Av‡gwiKv I K¨vwiexq AÂj‡K
cvigvbweK A ¿̄gy³ A‡j cwiYZ Kiv nq (jv‡U †jvb‡Kv Pzw³)| 1968 mv‡j
cÖ_g ev‡ii gZ ¯̂v¶wiZ nq cvi¯úwiK A ¿̄ we Í̄vi †iva Pzw³| 1971 mv‡j
mgy`ª Zj‡`‡k, mgy`ª c„‡ó cvigvbweK I Ab¨vb¨ MYweaŸsmx A ¿̄ emv‡bv
Pzw³ I 1972 mv‡j Rxevby I ivmvqwbK A ¿̄ Dbœqb, Drcv`b, gRyZ wbwl×
msµvšÍ Pzw³ ¯̂v¶wiZ nq| 1981 mv‡j cÖPwjZ A‡ ¿̄i (gvBb, eywe Uªvc
BZ¨vw`) e¨envi wbwl× Kiv nq| 1985 mv‡j ¯̂v¶wiZ nq `w¶Y cÖkvšÍ
gnvmvMixq cigvY~ A ¿̄gy³ AÂj| cwi‡ek msi¶Y I Dbœq‡bi e¨vcv‡i
RvwZms‡Ni f‚wgKv j¶¨ ivLvi gZ| 1972 mv‡j RvwZms‡Ni D‡`¨v‡M óK‡nv‡g
cwi‡ekMZ cÖ_g wek¦ m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq| GB m‡¤§j‡bi †ik a‡iB 1992
mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m eªvwR‡ji wiIwW †Rwb‡iv‡Z AbywôZ nq cÖ_g awiÎx
m‡¤§jb| kZwaK ivóª I miKvi cÖavbiv G‡Z †hvM †`b| wiI m‡¤§j‡b †h
ỳÕwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Pzw³ ¯̂v¶wiZ n‡qwQj, Zvi GKwU n‡”Q AvenvIqv cwieZ©b
Kb‡fkb ev Framework Convention on Climate Change, Ges wØZxqwU n‡”Q
Rxe ˆewPÎ Kb‡fbkb ev Biological Diversity Convention AvenvIqv
cwieZ©b Kb‡fbk‡bi cÖavb w`K¸‡jv n‡jv t evqygЇj MÖxb nvDR M¨v‡mi
cwigvY Ggb GKwU Í̄‡i w ’̄i ivLv, hvi d‡j cwi‡e‡ki Dci ¶wZKi
cÖwZwµqv
Gov‡bv m¤¢e nq| mvaviYZ Kve©b WvB A·vBW, wg‡_b, bvBUªvm A·vBW
M¨vm‡K MÖxb nvDR M¨vm ejv nq| MÖxb nvDR M¨v‡mi D &̀MxiY 1990
mv‡ji gvÎvq w ’̄i ivLv; DbœZ †`k¸‡jv Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv‡K cwi‡e‡ki
w`K †_‡K MÖnY‡hvM¨ KvwiMix Ávb mieivn Ki‡e| Ab¨w`‡K Rxe ˆewPΨ
Kb‡fbkb Pzw³‡Z i‡q‡Q t Rxe cÖRvwZi Avevm Ges B‡Kv wmm‡U‡gi webvm
Kgvevi Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡ki RvZxq cwiKíbvq Kvh©Ki e¨e ’̄v
ivLv ; AMÖvwaKvi I we‡kl myweavi wfwˇZ KvwiMix Ávb n Í̄všÍi Kiv
; cÖ‡Z¨K †`‡k †ek wKQy msiw¶Z GjvKv m„wó Kiv ; eb¨cÖvYx I m¤ú`
msi¶Y I †UKmB e¨e ’̄vcbv| GQvov G‡RÛv 21 M„nxZ n‡qwQj, hv
AvšÍR©vwZK cwi‡ek msi¶Y AvB‡bi Rb¨ h‡_ó ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| wiI m‡¤§j‡bi ci
wØZxq wek¦ awiÎx m‡¤§jj (wek¦ awiÎx m‡¤§jb + 5) AbywôZ n‡qwQj
wbDBq‡K© 1997 mv‡ji Ryb gv‡m, Avi wW‡m¤̂‡i (1997) Rvcv‡bi
wK‡qv‡Uv‡Z AbywôZ n‡qwQj wek¦ ZvcgvÎv †iva m¤úwK©Z kxl© m‡¤§jb|
wK‡qv‡Uv‡Z GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Pzw³ mv¶wiZ n‡q‡Q| Zv‡Z BD‡ivcxq BDwbqb
1990 mv‡ji Kve©bWvB A·vBW M¨vm wbtmi‡Yi gvÎvi †P‡q 8 kZvsk, hy³ivóª
7 kZvsk, Rvcvb 6 kZvsk n«vm Ki‡e| ZvQvov mvwe©Kfv‡e 5.2 kZvsk M¨vm
wbtmiY n«v‡mi AvBbMZ eva¨evaKZv wba©viY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avevi GKzkwU
wk‡ívbœZ †`kI Abyiƒc wewae× gvÎv AR©b Ki‡e| me¸‡jv †`k‡K 2008-12
mv‡ji g‡a¨ M¨vm wbtmiY n«v‡mi j¶¨gvÎv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| wewfbœ †`‡k
Avkªq ‡bqv kibv_©x‡`i mvnvh¨ Kiv RvwZms‡Ni Kg©m~wPi GKwU Ab¨Zg w`K|
G j‡¶¨ RvwZmsN KvR K‡i Avm‡Q| Ges GLbI Ki‡Q| GQvov wewfbœ †`‡ki
A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœq‡b RvwZmsN Dbœqb mn‡hvwMiƒ‡c KvR K‡i Avm‡Q|
G‡¶‡Î RvwZmsN PviwU AMÖvwaKv‡ii †¶Î wPwýZ K‡i‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡”Q : `vwi
ª̀ I ¶zav wbg~©j,
-
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
BDwbU - 9 c„ôv - 139
gvbe m¤ú` I cÖvwZôvwbK Dbœqb, RbmsL¨v Ges cwi‡ek| Gi evB‡i bvix
Dbœqb, gvbevwaKvi, m`m¨kw³ wbqš¿Y, Aciva `gb, Dbœq‡b weÁvb I
cÖhyw³i e¨envi I cwi‡ek msi¶‡Yi gZ mvgvwRK ¸iæZ¡ m¤úbœ Kg©m~wP¸wj‡K
AMÖvwaKvi †`qv n‡”Q| B‡Zvg‡a¨ RvwZms‡Ni D‡`¨v‡M MwVZ n‡q‡Q wewfbœ
ms ’̄v, hviv Gme Kg©m~Px‡K mvg‡b †i‡L KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| †hLv‡b ejv
†h‡Z cv‡i RvwZmsN Dbœqb Kg©m~wP UNDP RvwZmsN cwi‡ek Kg©m~Px UNEP
RvwZmsN RbmsL¨v Znwej UNFPA RvwZmsN AvšÍR©vwZK gv`K wbqš¿K Kg©m~Px
UNDCP wkï Znwej UNICEF BZ¨vw`| 1948 mv‡ji 10 wW‡m¤̂i RvwZms‡Ni
mvaviY cwil‡` gvbevwaKvi m¤úvwK©Z me©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †NvlYv ¯̂v¶wiZ
nq| G‡Z we‡k¦i mKj gvby‡li mggh©v`v I AwaKvi ¯̂xKvi K‡i †bqv n‡q‡Q|
RvwZ, †MvÎ, eY©, bvix cyiæl, fvlv, ag© †f‡` mK‡ji AwaKvi I ¯̂vaxbZv
RvwZmsN mb` Abyhvqx GK I Awfbœ| 1963 mv‡j mvaviY cwil‡` me©cÖKvi
RvwZMZ ˆelg¨ we‡jvc msµvšÍ RvwZmsN †NvlYv M„nxZ nq| 1946 mv‡j
AvšÍR©vwZK Av`vjZ cÖwZôvi ci †_‡K AvR ch©šÍ m`m¨ iv󪸇jv GB
Av`vj‡Z 65wUi †ekx gvgjv †ck K‡i‡Q Ges wewfbœ AvšÍR©vwZK ms ’̄v
20wU civgk©g~jK gZvg‡Zi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q‡Q| PviwU e¨ZxZ me¸‡jv
gvgjvi DciB Av`vjZ P‚ovšÍ ivq cÖ`vb K‡i| AvcvZ `„wó‡Z RvwZms‡Ni
mvdj¨ †ewk e‡j g‡b n‡jI, RvwZmsN cÖwZwU †¶‡Î †h mdj n‡q‡Q, Zv ejv
hv‡e bv| †ek wKQy †¶‡Î RvwZms‡Ni e¨_©ZvI j¶¨ Kivi gZ| we‡k¦ kvwšÍ
cÖwZôv RvwZms‡Ni Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨| A_P †`Lv †Mj wewfbœ †`‡ki g‡a¨ †hme
hy× msMwVZ n‡qwQj, we‡kl K‡i Bivb-BivK hy×, Pxb-wf‡qZbvg hy×,
AvdMvwb Í̄v‡b †mvwf‡qU BDwbq‡bi AvMÖvmb, wf‡qZbvg KZ©„K K¤úywPqv
AvMÖvmb wKsev wKDevi Dci hy³iv‡óªi mvgwiK Pvc - Gme cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z
RvwZmsN e¨_© n‡qwQj| Dciš‘ wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i ci ỳBwU e„nr kw³
hy³ivóª I mv‡eK †mvwf‡qZ BDwbq‡bi g‡a¨ AvšÍ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv‡K †K› ª̀
K‡i †h œ̄vqyhy‡×i Rb¥ n‡qwQj, †mB œ̄vqyhy× †iva Kiv wKsev D‡ËRbv
n«vm Kivi e¨vcv‡i RvwZmsN †Kvb Kvh©Ki e¨e ’̄v wb‡Z cv‡iwb| cvi¯úwiK
A ¿̄ Drcv`b n«vm Kiv I cvigvYweK A ¿̄ cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Kwg‡q Avbvi
e¨vcv‡iI RvwZms‡Ni e¨_©Zv j¶¨ Kivi gZ| RvwZMZ ˆelg¨ we‡jvc msµvšÍ
RvwZmsN †NvlYv M„nxZ n‡jI, weMZ eQi¸‡jv‡Z abx I Mwie iv󪸇jvi g‡a¨
e¨eavb Av‡iv †e‡o‡Q| Mwie †`k¸‡jvi F‡Yi cwigvY w`‡b w`‡b evo‡jI
RvwZmsN ؇›Øi Kvi‡Y c„w_exi wewfbœ A‡j, we‡kl K‡i Avwd«Kvq
iæqvÛv-eyiæwÛ‡Z wKsev BD‡iv‡c emwbqv nv‡R©‡Mvwfbv I Km‡fv‡Z nvRvi
nvRvi gvby‡li g„Zz¨ I j¶ j¶ gvby‡li †`kvšÍwiZ nIqvi †iva Kivi
e¨vcv‡i RvwZmsN Av‡`Š †Kvb c`‡¶c wb‡Z cv‡iwb| GgbwK RvwZmsN Gme
†`‡k MYnZ¨vi mv‡_ hviv RwoZ, Zv‡`i mevB‡K wePv‡ii Rb¨ AvšÍR©vwZK
Av`vj‡Z †mvc ©̀ Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
c¨v‡j÷vB‡bi Dci BmivB‡ji bMœ-AvMÖvm‡bi e¨vcv‡i RvwZmsN A`¨vevwa
†Kvb Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv ivL‡Z cv‡iwb| MYweaŸsmx A ¿̄ †Mvcb ivLvi
Awf‡hv‡M Biv‡Ki Dci eyk miKv‡ii Ab¨vq Avµg‡Yi cÖ‡kœI RvwZmsN †Kvb
Kvh©Ki f‚wgKv cvj‡b e¨_© n‡q‡Q e‡jB Kvh©Z g‡b nq| RvwZms‡Ni e¨vcv‡i
eo Awf‡hvM GB ms ’̄vwU g~jZ eo †`k, we‡kl K‡i gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi
¯̂v_© i¶v K‡i| RvwZms‡Ni wm×všÍ MÖnbKvix cÖwµqvq Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i
†Kvb cÖwZwbwaZ¡ †bB| we‡k¦i cÖvq 108wU †`k Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i AšÍM©Z|
GB †`k¸‡jvi †gvU RbmsL¨v 200 †KvwUi †ekx| A_©vr c„w_exi †gvU
RbmsL¨vi A‡a©‡Ki wKQy Kg| A_P GB wecyj Rb‡Mvôxi cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix
†`k¸‡jvi ¶gZv RvwZms‡Ni wm×všÍ MÖnYKvix ms ’̄vq GK`g †bB| A_©¨vr
RvwZms‡Ni g~j ¶gZv wbivcËv cwil‡`i nv‡Z| Avi wbivcËv cwil` wbqš¿Y
K‡i ̄ ’vqx 5wU †`k| G Rb¨B wbivcËv cwil‡`i KvVv‡gv cwieZ©‡bi ̀ vex
D‡V‡Q| RvwZmsN‡K GKzk kZ‡Ki Dc‡hvMx K‡i M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡j RvwZms‡Ni
wbivcËv cwil‡`i KvVv‡gvi cwieZ©b, Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i F‡bi †evSv
Kgv‡bv, bvix Dbœqb BZ¨vw` e¨vcv‡i we‡kl D‡`¨vM wb‡Z n‡e| Z‡e GUv
ejvi A‡c¶v iv‡Lbv †h wØZxq wek¦ hy‡×i ci RvwZms‡Ni cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †hgb
wQj, AvR †Zàvbœ eQi ci GB ms ’̄vwUi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv wVK †Zgwb i‡q
†M‡Q|
mviK_v
cÖwZwU ms ’̄viB mvdj¨ †hgwb i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb i‡q‡Q e¨_©Zv| RvwZms‡Ni
†¶‡ÎI GB K_vUv cÖ‡hvR¨| RvwZms‡Ni mvdj¨ †hgwb i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb i‡q‡Q Gi
e¨_©ZvI| Z‡e Zzjbvg~jK wePv‡i RvwZms‡Ni mvdj¨ †ekx| we‡kl K‡i
kvwšÍi¶v, cwi‡ek Kvh©µg, wKsev Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Ûi mv‡_ RwoZ n‡q RvwZmsN
Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i Dbœq‡b KvR K‡i hv‡”Q| wewfbœ †`‡k kvwšÍi¶x cvwV‡q
RvwZMZ ؇›Øi Aemv‡bi D‡`¨vM wb‡q‡Q RwZmsN| Z‡e P‚ovšÍ wm×všÍ MÖn‡Y
e„nr kw³¸‡jvi GKwU f‚wgKv I KZ…©Z¡ Kivi cÖebZv j¶¨ Kiv hvq| Avi ZvB
`vex D‡V‡Q RvwZms‡Ni wbivcËv cwil‡`i KvVv‡gvMZ ms¯‹v‡ii|
-
Gm Gm GBP Gj
ivR‰bwZK msMVb c„ôv - 140
cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb eûwbe©vPbx cÖkœ mwVK Dˇi wUK () wPý w`b
1. †gvU KÔwU †`k wb‡q RvwZmsN Zvi hvÎv ïiæ K‡iwQj? K) 100;
L) 51; M) 83| 2. UNGOMAP ev AvdMvwb ’̄vb - cvwK Í̄vb ga¨ ’̄Zv
wgkb MwVZ n‡qwQj- K) 1988 mv‡j; L) 1991 mv‡j; M) 1979 mv‡j|
3. UNTAC ev K‡¤̂vwWqv msµvšÍ RvwZmsN AšÍeZ©xKvwjb cwil` MwVZ
n‡qwQj- K) 1988 mv‡j; L) 1990 mv‡j; M) 1992 mv‡j|
4. RvwZms‡Ni kvwšÍi¶v evwnbx‡K †bv‡ej kvwšÍ cyi¯‹vi †`qv nq- K)
1988 mv‡j; L) 1990 mv‡j; M) 1972 mv‡j|
5. cvigvbweK A ¿̄ we Í̄vi †iva Pzw³ mv¶wiZ nq- K) 1990 mv‡j; L)
1968 mv‡j; M) 1997 mv‡j|
6. RvwZms‡Ni D‡`¨v‡M cÖ_g wek¦ cwi‡ek m‡b¥jb AbywôZ nq K) wiI wW
†Rwb‡iv‡Z; L) óK‡nv‡g; M) wbDBqK© G|
7. cwi‡ek msµvšÍ me©‡kl m‡¤§jb AbywôZ nq- K) wK‡qv‡Uv‡Z;
L) †eBwRs; M) wbDBqK© G|
8. RvwZms‡Ni me©Rbxb gvbevwaKvi †Nvlbv mv¶wiZ nq- K) 1952
mv‡j;
L) 1974 mv‡j| M) 1948 mv‡j|
9. RvwZMZ ˆelg¨ we‡jvc msµvšÍ RvwZmsN †Nvlbv M„nxZ nq- K) 1945
mv‡j; L) 1963 mv‡j; M) 1989 mv‡j|
-
evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq
BDwbU - 9 c„ôv - 141
10. AvšÍRv©wZK Av`vjZ cÖwZwôZ nq- K) 1946 mv‡j;
L) 1971 mv‡j; M) 1983 mv‡j|
DËigvjv t 1.L 2.K 3.L 4.K 5.L 6.L 7.K 8.M 9.L 10.K
iPbvg~jK cÖkœ 1. RvwZms‡Ni mvdj¨ m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi gZvgZ w`b| 2.
RvwZms‡Ni e¨_©Zv m¤ú‡K© ms‡¶‡c Av‡jvPbv Kiæb| we Í̄vwiZ Rvbvi Rb¨
co–b 1. Stanley Meisler, United Nations: The First Fifty Years,
Atlantic Monthly Press, New York, 1995. 2. Thomas G. Weiss, The
United Nation at Fifty: Recent Lessons, Current History, May, 1995.
3. AvR‡Ki RvwZmsN, RvwZmsN Z_¨‡K›`ª, XvKv, 1996
