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TRANSPORTATION SAFETY

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Chapter 1

Introduction

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A. General Facts

1. Some ata! "#$11% li&es 'tra((ic related (atalities) and more than * million tra((ic

related in+uries in #,,1.

! Transportation accidents are the se&enth sin-le leadin- cause o( death

in the nited States.

! /otor &ehicle crashes are the leadin- cause o( death (or people (or

e&er0 a-e (rom " throu-h ** 0ears old 'ased on 1223 data).

! Transportation crashes remain the leadin- cause o( accidental death

'Tales 1 and #).

! /otor &ehicle collisions account (or more than aout 2, percent o(

transportation!related deaths and an e&en hi-her percenta-e o(

transportation in+uries.

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#. Some Issues

! The hi-hest priorit0 is to 4Promote pulic health and sa(et0 0 5or6in-

to5ard the elimination o( transportation!related deaths$ in+uries and

propert0 dama-e7

! Sa(et0 rate is usuall0 used (or crash anal0sis. Sa(et0 rates are estimated

0 di&idin- the numer o( e&ents 'crashes$ (atalities$ in+uries$ etc) 0

some measure o( e8posure or su-roup 'population$ numer o( trips$

&ehicle miles tra&eled$ re-istered &ehicles$ dri&er licensed$ etc).! Reduction in (atalit0 rates ma0 e mainl0 attriuted to impro&ements in

the &ehicle s0stems$ etter education$ hi-her e((iciencies o( the

emer-enc0 mana-ement s0stems$ increased la5 en(orcement$ and etter

transportation policies.

! Special concerns 9 Transportation to and (rom schools$ pedestrian and

ic0cle$ special population -roups$ transportation data needs$ securit0 o(

transportation s0stems a-ainst crime and terrorism$ international trends

in road sa(et0$ etc.

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B. Some Sa(et0 Concerns

1. Transportation o( School Children

! School us sa(et0 has recei&ed the most notice$ ut other issues such as

sa(et0 o( school children transported 0 cars$ 0 transit$ or 5hile 5al6in- or

i6in- to school are also 6e0s.

! :eadin- modes o( school transportation accordin- to the Nation5ide

Personal Transportation Sur&e0 'NPTS) 0 OT 9 122; 'PO< 9 ;,=$school uses 9 *#=$ 5al6in- 1,=$ i6in- 9 1=).

! Numer o( (atal crashes and (atalities amon- occupants a-ed ;!12

occurred durin- school 0ear$ et5een the hours o( % am to 2 am and # pm

to ; pm> Automoiles and other pri&ate &ehicles accounted (or most o( the

incidents.

! School uses pro&ide one o( the sa(est (orms o( transportation accordin-

to the statistics. From 123? to 122?$ out o( a total o( "#,$,,, (atal tra((ic

crashes$ 1$#23 or +ust o&er ,.*= 5ere school us related. Ne&ertheless$

school us sa(et0 dra5s -reater attention 5hene&er an incident happens.

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! /ost o( the children in&ol&ed in school us related crashes 5ere 6illed

outside the us. /ost o( the children 5ere struc6 5hen the0 5ere e8itin- or

oardin-.

! Countermeasures> dri&er trainin-$ educatin- children aout sa(et0$en(orcement$ etc.

! Florida Stud0 0 CTR.

#. Pedestrian and @ic0cles Sa(et0

! Pedestrian and ic0cle (atalities ha&e declined more rapidl0 than motorist

(atalities.

! NPTS> 5al6in- trips declined (rom 2.*= to ;.;= et5een 12?? and

122;$ 5hile ic0cle trips increased (rom ,.%= to ,.2=.

! suall0 pedestrians and ic0clists are comined to-ether as non!

motoried transportation$ ut the0 are &er0 di((erent in demo-raphics$

sources o( in+uries$ ph0sics o( operation$ 5a0s o( (ollo5in- tra((ic la5s$

le-al responsiilities$ etc.

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! Pedestrian accounted (or ?3$,,, '#.%=) o( *., million in+uries in #,,1 ut

"33# '11.%=) o( the "#$11% hi-h5a0 (atalities.

! Concerns o( relati&e ris6 9 lac6 o( e8posure data.

! Children ;!1; 0ears old accounted (or 1%= o( the S population in 122?

ut #,= o( pedestrian in+uries and 2= o( pedestrian (atalities.

! Elderl0 %; 0ears and older accounted (or 1*= o( the population ut 3= o(

in+uries and ##= o( (atalities.

! #2= o( pedestrians 6illed in crashes in 122? 5ere into8icated '@ACB,.1

or more). Alcohol use 0 motorist is also a (actor (or pedestrian!motor

&ehicle collisions.

! t5o!thirds o( all pedestrian (atalities occurred durin- lo5 li-ht

conditions$ 31= o( pedestrian (atalities o( #1 to "" 0ears a-e -roupoccurred durin- lo5 li-ht conditions.

! @ic0cle sa(et0> Fe5er deaths than (or pedestrians ut nearl0 as man0

in+uries. In #,,1$ ?#3 ic0clists 5ere 6illed and ";$,,, 5ere in+ured.

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! Althou-h 2,= o( ic0cle (atalities in&ol&e a collision 5ith a motor

&ehicle$ most ic0cle in+uries do not in&ol&e a motor &ehicle. /ost

common t0pes o( ic0cle in+uries are due to (alls and collision 5ith (i8edo+ects.

! @ic0cle (atalities 0 a-e o( ic0clists '13?; to 122?)

! /ost crashes occurred 5hen ic0clist and motorist 5ere on intersectin-

paths or 5hen one 5as turnin-.

! Countermeasure ideas (or impro&in- ic0cle sa(et0 are>

'1) earin- a helmet reduces the ris6 o( head and rain in+ur0 amon-

c0clist 0 aout ?,=

'#) Oe0in- tra((ic rules.

'*) sin- li-hts and re(lectors at ni-ht.

'") Estalishin- more ic0cle lanes on or near uran roads.

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*. Sa(et0 o( Special Population Groups

! Groups> older dri&ers$ elderl0$ 0oun- dri&ers$ school a-e children$ people

5ith disailities$ international tourists$ pedestrians$ ic0clists$ ne5

immi-rants$ etc.

! Addressin- -eneral sa(et0 prolems o( e&er0 od0 is not e((ecti&e all the

time. i((erent -roups ha&e di((erent needs and hi-h5a0 sa(et0 prolems.

! Another 5a0 is to address the critical issues and concerns o( specialpopulation -roups separatel0. suall0 those -roups identi(ied as hi-h ris6.

! Research Stud0 0 :u at SF

". Transportation ata Needs

! hile there is a -reat deal o( in(ormation 6no5n aout transportation

accidents and incidents and the resultin- (atalities$ in+uries$ and propert0

dama-e$ there is much that is un6no5n.

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! Out o( the t5o road cate-ories o( sa(et0 data$ i.e.$ outcome data and

e8posure data$ the second one is harder to collect and not accuratel0

a&ailale in most o( the cases.! The ma+or e8posure data needs include>

'1) @ecause the common e8posure measure (or hi-h5a0 mode '

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;. International Trends in Road Sa(et0

! In 122%$ more than %?1 million &ehicles 5ere re-istered in the 5orld$ up

(rom "11 million in 123,.

! nited States has the most numer o( &ehicles 0 (ar 'more than #,,

million) ut its share o( the 5orld total has declined.

! Accurate data on 5orld5ide numer o( (atalities and in+uries in&ol&in-

motor &ehicles are un6no5n. Accordin- to @ritainDs TRR:$ (atalities areestimated to e *,,$,,, and in+uries around 1,!1; million. Some other

estimates are e&en hi-her. E.G.$ Red Cross put tra((ic deaths at ;,,$,,, in

122,.

! Comparison o( motor &ehicle (atalities in a selected set o( countries

%. Terrorism and Transportation Securit0

! /ountin- concern o&er securit0 o( transportation (acilities and operation

oth in the nited States and o&erseas.

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End

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