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saqarTvelos SoTa rusTavelis Teatrisa da kinos saxelmwifo universiteti
SoTa gegiaZe
yuradRebisa da emociis mniSvneloba sasceno moZraobis Seswavlis
procesSi
xelovnebis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili
disertaciis
avtoreferati
specialoba: msaxiobis saSemsruleblo xelovneba
samecniero xelmZRvaneli: xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori
d. kobaxiZe
xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori, fsiqologi
m. maCabeli
Tbilisi
2018
reziume
saxlidan auditoriamde studentis fsiqikaze agresiuli informaciuli
da teqnologiuri zewola xorcieldeba, rac Sesabamis gavlenas axdens
rogorc studentis, aseve gakveTilis saerTo emociuri fonis
formirebaze. am gziT formirebuli emociuri mdgomareobebi,
(informaciuli nevrozis saxiT),1 Tavis mxriv, konkretul azrobriv
formebsa da SinaarsebSi gamoixateba, yovelive es ki sabolood
studentTa qcevebSi poulobs asaxvas. gamomdinare aqedan, sasceno
moZraobis swavlebis procesSi gakveTilisadmi studentis Sesaferisi
ganwyobis Seqmna rTuli da xangrZlivi procesia.PSesabamisad, studentis
mier saswavlo programis aTvisebis Sedegebi, pirvel rigSi,
yuradRebasTan da gakveTilisdmi maT sawyis da Semdgom fsiqo-emociur
mdgomareobebTan aris dakavSirebuli.
Cveni upirvelesi mizania: maqsimalurad mokle droSi SevZloT studentSi
mimdinare emociuri mdgomareobebis amokiTxva da Sesabamisi pedagogiuri
xerxebisa da meTodebis gamoyenebiT movaxdinoT misi saWiro parametrebSi
moyvana. ra Tqma unda, pedagogis funqcia studentis emociebTan
mimarTebiT amiT ar amoiwureba, radganac studentis emociuri
mdgomareobebis cvalebadoba sasceno moZraobis gakveTilis msvlelobis
dros dakavSirebulia moZraobiTi unar-Cvevebis aTvisebis procesebTan da
studentis mier yuradRebis mokrebis, emociebis marTvisa da maTi
koreqtirebis unarianobasTan, rac Sesabamisi pedagogiuri meTodebisa da
xerxebis SemuSavebasa da gamoyenebas saWiroebs.
1 Севастьянов А. И. Общая театральная психология. 2007, გვ. 157. ავტორს მოყავს მ. მ. ხანანაშვილის
ტერმინი „ინფორმაციული ნევროზი“, რომელიც მიანიშნებს იმაზე, რომ ინფორმაციული გადატვირთვა
ზემოქმედებას ახდენს თანამედროვე ადამიანის ფსიქო-ფიზიკურ მდგომარეობაზე, რომელიც მიმდინარეობს
დროის დეფიციტის პირობებში, ცxოვრების ტეmპის მკვეთრ აჩქარებაში და ბიორიტმების ცვალებადობაში.
kvlevis mimarTuleba ganapiroba qarTul sasceno pedagogikaSi
da kerZod, sasceno moZraobaSi gakveTilis sawyisi etapisa da
moZraobaTa aTvisebis procesSi, studentis fsiqo-emociuri
mdgomareobebis erTiani Teoriuli da praqtikuli kvlevis
ararsebobam.
kvlevis aqtualuroba: Cvenis azriT, dResdReobiT sasceno moZraobis
saganSi sakmaod aqtualur Temad rCeba yuradRebisa da emociebis
urTierTobis sakiTxebi. gansaxilveli Temis aqtualuroba aixsneba imiTac,
rom sasceno moZraobis aTvisebis specifika uSualod aris dakavSirebuli
studentis yuradRebis koncetraciisa da emociebis marTvis unarebTan.
kvlevis sagani: yuradReba da emocia sasceno moZraobaSi.
kvlevis mizania: mopovebuli istoriuli da Tanamedrove pedagogikisa da
fsiqologiuri literaturis Seswavlisa da analizis safuZvelze,
aRniSnuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb miRebuli Teoriuli codna, gadatanili iqnas
praqtikul sibrtyeSi da uSualod msaxiobis saSemsruleblo xelovnebis
sferoSi, kerZod ki sasceno moZraobaSi. gamomdinare aqedan:
Cveni amocanaa: ukve xelT arsebuli praqtikuli da Teoriuli
kvlevebis Sedegad mopovebuli pedagogiuri xerxebiT, SevZloT kidev
metad srulvyoT studentis profesiuli SesaZleblobebi. Sesabamisad,
Cveni iteresis sagans warmoadgens aRniSnuli sakiTxisadmi warsuli da
Tanamedrove fიlosofos – pedagogebis, fsiqologebisa da Teatralur
pedagog – reJisorTa Sexedulebebis Seswavla – analizi, rac
SesaZleblobas mogvcems, Teoriuli kvlevis safuZvelze miRebuli
codna ukve arsebul praqtikul - pedagogiur saSualebebTan erTad,
Cvens mier gamoyenebuli iqnas rogorc saswavlo – praqtikul
moRvaweobaSi, aseve Teoriuli da meToduri bazis Sesaqmnelad sasceno
moZraobaSi.
kvlevis siaxle – Cvenis azriT mdgomareobs SemdegSi: DdResdReobiT
sasceno moZraobaSi, kerZod ki moZraobaTa aTvisebis procesSi ar aris
saTanadod Seswavlili studentis emociuri mdgomareobebis
cvalebadoba da maTi zegavlena, rogorc gakveTilis sawyis etapze,
aseve misi msvlelobis dros.
kvlevis obieqts - warmoadgens samsaxiobo fakultetis pirveli kursis
studentebi.
kvlevis hipoTeza: studentis fsiqoemociuri mzadyofna saswavlo
programis aTvisebisas sagrZnoblad gaumjobesdeba, rac Sesabamisad
gazrdis momavali msaxiobis saerTo saSemsruleblo xarisxis dones.
aRniSnuli sakiTxis kvlevis procesSi gamoyenebuli iqna iqna zogadi
mecnieruli meTodebi: kerZod, pedagogiuri kvlevebis empiriuli meTodi,
damkvidrebuli mis ZiriTad Semadgenelebze: Cvens SenTxvevaSi es aris
dakvirveba (anu obieqturi dakvirvebis meTodi ) da dakvirvebis
saSualebiT mopovebuli masalebis analizi da maTi registrireba,
(ZiriTadad video Canawerebis saxiT). video Canawerebis analizi
saSualebas gvaZlevs aRmovaCinoT studentis qcevebisa da reaqciebis
iseTi momentebi, romlebic gakveTilis msvlelobis dros pedagogis
yuradRebisa da masze reagirebis gareSe rCeba.
aseve mivmarTeT kvlevis Teoriul-mecnierul meTods, romelic
eyrdnoba filosofiis, pedagogikis, fsiqlogiis, sasceno pedagogikisa
da sxvadasxva Teatrebis wamyvani Teoretikos – praqtikosebis naSromTa
SedarebiT – istoriul analizs, kerZod, es aris: Mk. marjaniSvilis, s.
axmetelis, d. uznaZis, r. naTaZis, a. vasaZis, spinozas, aristoteles, k.
stanislavskis. n. demodovis, g. tovstonogovis, a. tairovis, v.
meierholdis, u. jeimsis, p. ekmanisa da sxvaTa naSromebi.
sadisertacio Temis dasaxeleba da struqtura:
yuradRebisa da emociis mniSvneloba sasceno moZraobis aTvisebis
procesSi
naSromi Sedgeba reziumes, Sesavalis, sami Tavis, daskvnisa da
bibliografiisagan.
reziume
Sesavali
Tavi pirveli
1.1 sasceno moZraoba Teatraluri ganaTlebis struqturaSi.
1.2 pedagogikisa da fsiqologiis kvlevis istoriidan.
Tavi meore
2. yuradRebisa da emociis kvlevis sakiTxebisadmi
2.1 yuradReba.
2.2 emociebi
Tavi mesame
3.1 yuradReba da emocia sasceno moZraobaSi.
3.2 pedagogiuri meTodebisa da xerxebis Camoyalibeba.
3.3 praqtikuli nawili.
daskvna
bibliografia
Targani Sesrulebulia avtoris mier
Tavi pirveli
sasceno moZraoba Teatraluri ganaTlebis struqturaSi
Teatraluri ganaTlebis struqturaSi momavali msaxiobis profesiuli
daostatebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan sagans sasceno moZraoba
warmoadgens. sasceno moZraoba, rogorc specialuri sagani, Tavisi
pirvelsaxiT Camoyalibebas iwyebs jer kidev gasuli saukunis
dasawyisSi. Teatraluri skolebis daarsebasTan erTad dRis wesrigSi
dgeba specialuri saswavlo programis SemuSavebis aucilebloba,
romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebeli iqneboda msaxiobis samoZrao
aparatis mizanmimarTuli, kompleqsuri momzadeba sasceno
moqmedebisaTvis.
sasceno moZraobis pirveli wigni – saxelmZRvanelo gamodis 1937 wels,
avtorebi i. s. ivanovi da e. s. SiSmariova, xolo erTiani saswavlo
programis SemuSavebis pirveli mcdeloba Sedga 1954 wels, sasceno
moZraobisa da cekvis pedagogTa sakavSiro konferenciaze. Mmiuxedavad
im droisaTvis dagrovili ukve sakmao praqtikuli gamocdilebisa
dramatuli msaxiobis aRzrdis sferoSi, faqtobrivad ar arsebobda
sasceno moZraobis bunebisa da Sinaarsis gansazRvrebisadmi miZRvnili
samecniero Sromebi. dResdReobiT umaRles Teatralur saswavleblebSi
Seiswavleba mTeli rigi iseTi specialuri, praqtikuli disciplinebisa,
rogorebicaa: cekva, (rogorc klasikuri, aseve istoriuli), xalxuri,
saxasiaTo da Tanamedrove; ritmika; etiketi; pantomima; istoriuli
farikaoba da sasceno moZraoba. TviT termini „sasceno moZraoba“ ar
aRmocenebula cariel adgilze, Tavisi arsiT is Tavidanve gulisxmobda
Semsruleblis fizikur da fsiqიkur mzadyofnas sasceno moqmedebisaTvis
da droTa ganmavlobaSi misi Sinaarsi universalur mniSvnelobas iZens.
(dasawyisSi mas viwro specializebuli daniSnuleba hqonda.
mxedvelobaSia fizikuri momzadeba.) dReisaTvis Cven mas ganvixilavT
rogorc sinTezs yvela im sxeulTmoZraobiTi gamocdilebisa, rac ki
dRemde daugrovebia kacobriobas. Dda Tuki Cven adamianis moZraobas
ganvixilavT fsiqo-fizikuri TvalTaxedvis kuTxiT, gamodis, rom Cven
(moZraobis mimarTulebis pedagogebi) yvela erTad vmuSaobT studentis
iseTi profesiuli Tvisebebis gasaumjobeseblad, rogorebicaa: nebisyofa,
gambedaoba, yuradReba, mexsiereba, Zala, siswrafe, moqniloba,
reaqtiuloba, Semguebloba, ritmuloba, musikaluroba da a. S. ra Tqma
unda, yvela am profesiul Tvisebaze muSaoba msaxiobis ostatobis
gakveTilebzec mimdinareobs, rac profesiuli daostatebis am nawilSi
(specialuri unar-Cvebis aTviseba) nawilobriv „dublirebis“ xasiaTs
atarebs da yovelive amas dadebiTi Sedegi moaqvs.
dReisaTvis praqtikul – pedagogiuri procesebis xarisxis gansazRvra
SesaZlebeli xdeba mxolod da mxolod Teoriul – mecnieruli midgomis
safuZvelze. mxolod sagnis arsSi wvdomiTa da mecnierul –
pedagogiuri meTodebis saSualebiT aris SesaZlebeli im problemebis
daZleva, rac Tan axlavs saswavlo procesebs. rogorc aRvniSneT,
sasceno moZraobis sagnisadmi mecnieruli midgoma aucilebelia
ganxorcieldes filosofiis istoriis, fsiqologiuri mecnierebisa da
xelovnebis sxvadasxva sferoebSi arsebuli kvlevebis safuZvelze, es
aris aristotelesa da spinozas filosofiur-pedagogiuri Sexedulebebi
adamianis, rogorc erTiani sistemis Sesaxeb; d. uznaZis zogadi,
eqsperimentuli Tu ganwyobis fsiqologia; k. marjaniSvilisa da
tairovis sinTetiuri Teatris principebi; v. Mmeierholdis biomeqanika; g.
kregis „msaxiobi da zemarioneti“, e. grotovskisa da e. barbas
eqsperimentebi da „Teatraluri anTropologia“; a. vasaZis „mxatvruli
Semoqmedebis fsiqologiuri sakiTxebisaTvis“; p. ekmanis „emociis
fsiqologia“ da sxva.
pedagogikisa da fsiqologiis kvlevis istoriidan
pedagogika Tavisi SinaarsiT adamianTa Soris urTierTobebs niSnavs,
rac, Tavis mxriv, fsiqologiur urTierTobebsac gulisxmobs.
fsiqologia, rogorc damoukidebeli, empiriul – eqsperimentuli
mecniereba, mxolod me-19 saukunis meore naxevarSi Cndeba, rodesac
laifcigSi vilhelm vundtis xelmZRvanelobiT ixsneba pirveli
fsiqologiuri laboratoria. manamde ki fsiqologiuri kvlevebi
filosofiis wiaRSi, gonebaWvretiTi meTodiT xdeboda. adamiani da misi
raoba, kerZod, adamianis fsiqe – anu suli da misi fsiqes calkeuli
funqciebi da maTi moqmedebis Taviseburebani, yovelTvis ainteresebdaT
uZvelesi drois filosofosebs. im drois udidesi filosofosebi,
rogorebic iyvnen konfuci, sokrate, platoni, aristotele, spinoza da
sxvebi, TavianT filosofiur moRvaweobasTan erTad, aqtiur pedagogiur
moRvaweobasac eweodnen.
mecnierebis yvela dargs kvlevis sakuTari obieqti gaaCnia. obieqtSi
igulisxmeba sinamdvileSi arsebuli yovelive is, razedac aris
mimarTuli mkvlevaris interesi.Ppedagogikis Seswavlis obieqtad
gvevlineba adamiani da adamianTa urTierTdamokidebulebebi, iqneba es
socialuri, ekonomikuri, politikuri Tu kulturul –
saganmanaTleblo urTierTobebi da a. S. mogvianebiT pedagogika
calkeuli dargobrivi mimarTulebiT viTardeba, rogorebicaa,
magaliTad: bavSvTa pedagogika, sportuli pedagogika, sasceno
pedagogika, fsiqo-pedagogika, umaRlesi skolis pedagogika da a. S. yvela
aq aRniSnuli mimarTuleba mWidro da uSualo kavSirSia samsaxiobo
xelovnebasTan.
ZvelberZnuli pedagogikis mixedviT, nebismieri adamiani eqvemdebareba
aRzrdas da ganviTarebas. „Seicani Tavi Seni“ formula, romelsac
sokrats miaweren, Tanamedrove teqnikuri gardaqmnebis saukuneSi kidev
ufro aqtualurad JRers. sakuTari Tavis Secnoba – Seswavla sokrates
mixedviT niSnavs sakuTar sulze zrunvas, TviTSemecnebas, anu
urTierTobas SemecnebiT procesebsa da zneobas Soris, rac sokrates
filosofiuri swavlebis centralur nawils Seadgens. Tavis dialogSi
„protagori“ platons mohyavs sokrates sityvebi: „...rom codna araviTar
gavlenas ar axdens adamianis qcevebze da adamiani, arcTu iSviaTad,
iqceva ise ki ara, rogorc amas moiTxovs codna, aramed iqceva sakuTari
grZnobiTi impulsebis Sesatyvisad.“2 aq ikveTeba formula, romelic
Cveni naSromis mimarTulebis ganmsazRvrelad SeiZleba iqnas
gamoyenebuli. anu codna, romelic adamianis impulsur (emociur)
reaqciebs ver boWavs, ar SeiZleba CaiTvalos srulyofil codnad.
(codna anu mecniereba sokratesTan) da rom mxolod codnis saSualebiT
aris SesaZlebeli gonebis gasufTaveba da vnebebisagan (emociebisagan)
ganTavisuflebuli gonebis ZalisxmeviT SemecnebiTi SesaZleblobebis
ganviTareba.
exeboda ra swavlebis sakiTxebs, aristotele TiTqmis yvela Tavis
nawarmoebebSi „eTika“, „politika“, „swavleba sulis Sesaxeb“ da sxva,
gamoyofda adamianis moRvaweobisaTvis metad mniSvnelovan, sxvadasxva
donis unarebs. es aris: 1. vegetaciuri procesi – adamiani, cxoveli. 2.
kinesTetikuri SegrZnebebis procesebi – adamiani-cxoveli da
amaxvilebda ra yuradRebas SegrZnebebze, Tvlida, rom sxeulis yovel
nawils gaaCnia SegrZnebebi da moZraobis SesaZlebloba sivrceSi.
amitomac Tu arsebobs SegrZneba, arsebobs miswrafebac, mizanic. e. i.
cxovelisagan gansxvavebiT SegrZnebebis, azrovnebisa da moqmedebis
saSualebiT adamians eZleva SesaZlebloba, zemoqmedeba moaxdinos
rogorc gare samyaroze, aseve masSi mimdinare procesebzec da 3.
2. Платон. Протагор. Античная литература. Изд. Феникс. 1998 стр. 26.
gonebriv – azrobrivi procesebi - adamiani Tavisi inteleqtiT.
aristotele gonebas (inteleqts) upirispirebs vnebebs da mxolod masSi
xedavs vnebebis anu „adamianis mtris“ alagmvis saSualebas.Mmasve
ekuTvnis sityvebi: „Tavisufalia is, visac SeuZlia vnebebis (emociebis)
marTva“.
axali drois erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili filosofosi iyo benediqt
(barux) spinoza. Tavis naSromSi „eTika“, spinoza iseve, rogorc
aristotele, adamians erT mTlian substanciad aRiqvamda. man pirvelma
scada aego fsiqologiuri codna adamianze, rogorc erTian sistemaze.
spinoza Tavisi pedagogiuri principebiTa da SexedulebebiT emociebisa
da refleqsebis Sesaxeb Zalian axlos dgas Cveni kvlevis saganTan, rac
mis ZiriTad Teoriul debulebebSi devs (eTika), ris mtkicebulebad
SeiZleba moviyvanoT l. vigotskis sityvebi: „Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi
Cndeba emociebTan dakavSirebuli problemebis gadawyvetis axali gzebi,
da es aris idea, romelic „eTikidan“ amodis. dekartisagan
gansxvavebiT, spinozas Teoriuli debulebebi iyo ara refleqtoruli
da emociuri reagireba movlenebze, aramed adamianis mier maTi gageba,
Secnoba da racionaluroba, anu gonebrivi da SemoqmedebiTi procesebi.
yovelive zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare SegviZlia vTqvaT: Zveli da
axali drois filosofosTa Sexedulebebi adamianis aRzrdisa da masze
afeqtebis zegavlenis Sesaxeb gvaZlevs uflebas, gamovitanoT Semdegi
saxis daskvna: afeqturi (emociuri) mdgomareobebi adamians mTeli
Tavisi arsebiT ipyrobs, am dros nebisyofa sustdeba da adamiani veRar
axerxebs sakuTar qcevaTa კontrols, afeqtur mdgomareobaSi adamians
ar SeuZlia yuradRebis erT fokusSi moqceva da sakuTar qcevaTa
Sedegebis winaswar gansazRvra, Sedegad, afeqti mTlianad ipyrobs
adamianis fsiqikas. Dd. uznaZe wers: „im sulier mdgomareobaT, romelnic
Cvens gancdas droebiT mainc avseben da mTels danarCen sulier
cxovrebas imorCileben, emociebi ewodeba... igi subieqturi xasiaTis
gancdas warmoadgens da sagnobriv-obieqturi masSi meore planzea
moTavsebuli.“3Eemociebi adamianis qcevebis erTian mamoZravebel Zalas
warmoadgens da Tu isev spinozas mivmarTavT: „ar arsebobs adamianis
organizmSi mimdinare iseTi fsiqo-emociuri procesebi, romelTa
Sesaxebac SeuZlebeli iyos warmodgenis Seqmna.“4 Ees ki imas niSnavs,
rom gakveTilis msvlelobis dros, gonivruli analizis anu
introspeqciis (dekarti) safuZvelze da pedagogiuri xerxebisa da
meTodebis gamoyenebiT (aristotele) adamians eZleva SesaZlebloba,
nebisyofis daZabviT moaqcios afeqtebi (emociebi) sakuTari gavlenis
qveS, nebisyofis gamovlineba ki niSnavs იmas, rom mTeli emociuri sfero
mimarTuli da gaaqtiurebulia dasaxuli miznis Sesasruleblad, rac
naTlad ikveTeba am gzaze aRmocenebuli winaaRmdegobebis daZlevaSi
(ნებისყოფაში), anu mihyveba adamiani mizans bolomde, Tu uRalatebs mas.
yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, am etapze SegviZla gamovyoT
praqtikul-pedagogiuri moRvaweobis CvenTvis saWiro sami arsebiTi
mimarTuleba, romelTa gareSec SeuZleblad mimaCnia nebismieri
pedagogiuri moRvaweoba. Ees aris:
1. aristoteles pedagogiuri ideebi.
2. dekartes introspeqciuli anu TviTdakvirvebis meTodi.
3. sponozas afeqtebis (anu emociebis) gagebis Teoriuli debuleba da
nebisyofis saSualebiT maTi gonebriv-inteleqtualuri aRqma-gansjis
SesaZlebloba.
3 უზნაძე d. ზოგადი ფსიქოლოგია. 1940 რედ. დ. ყიფშიძე. გვ. 98-105. 4 Спиноза Б. Этика. თეორემა 4. გვ 71.
Tavi meore
yuradRebisa da emociebis kvlevis sakiTxebisadmi
yuradReba
yuradReba saswavlo procesebSi warmatebis miRwevis erT-erTi ZiriTadi
pirobaa – swavlebis procesSi studentis yuradReba mimarTuli unda
iyos ara marto misTvis saintereso informaciisaken, aramed
informaciisaken, rimelic, rogorc mas swavlebis am etapze miaCnia, ar
warmoadgens misi interesis sagans da es arc aris gasakviri, radganac
sakuTar TavTan muSaoba – sakuTari fsiqo-fizikuri aparatis Secnoba da
masTan kontaqtis damyareba, moiTxovs nebisyofis srul mobilizebas
sasceno moZraobis Seswavlis rogorc sawyis, aseve mis Semdgom etapze.
fsiqologiaSi arsebobs yuradRebis gagebis sxvadasxva Teoriebi, maT
Soris Cveni interesis sagans warmoadgens:
1. yuradRebis emociuri xasiaTis Teoria (t. ribo)
2. yuradRebis motoruli xasiaTis Teoria (n. lange)
3. yuradRebis ganwyobiseuli Teoria (d. uznaZe)
Tanamedrove fsiqologiaSi yuradRebis problema iTvleba erT-erT
yvelaze rTul problemad. igi ar warmoadgens damoukidebel aqts
da mudmiv kavSirSia aRqmasTan, mexsierebasTan, azrovnebasTan,
warmosaxvasTan, fantaziasTan da a. S. ufro metic, TviT es
fsiqikuri procesebic ki mxolod yuradRebis aRmocenebasTan erTad
aqtiurdeba da mxolod SemecnebiT procesebTan mimarTebiT iZens
Sinaarsobriv Tvisebas. Mmokled, adamianis cnobierebaSi mimdinare arc
erTi fsiqikuri procesi ar mimdinareobas yuradRebis aqtis gareSe.
Tu ki yuredRebis meqanizmi moZraobiTi xasiaTisaa (ribo-lange),
maSin aucileblobas warmoadgens, rom yuradRebis yovel
gamovlinebaSi monawileobas iRebdes kunTuri sistema. Aamrigad,
moZraobiTi gamovlinebebi, cnobierebasTan erTad (romelic aseve
eqvemdebareba kunTur zemoqmedebas) warmoadgens yuradRebas. Aimave
dros, yuradReba aris garemo pirobebisadmi adamianis
Semgueblobis, adaptaciis procesi da, rogorc aRvniSneT, misi
gamowvevis mizezebi devs afeqtur reaqciebSi. magaliTad: SiSi,
moulodneloba, gaoceba, gaSeSeba da a. S.
momavali msaxiobis SemoqmedebiTi procesebi, iseve rogorc
nebismieri adamianisa, dafuZnebulia rogorc inteleqtualur, aseve
fizikur procesebze, romelTa Tanaarsebobac yuradRebis gareSe
SeuZlebelia. d. uznaZe werda: „yoveli swavlis upirveles pirobad
imTaviTve, sruliad samarTlianad yuradReba iTvleba... aRmoCnda,
rom yuradRebis zegavleniT gonebrivi Sromis nayofiereba izrdeba
da misi sizuste matulobs.“5 iseTi mdgomareoba, romlis drosac
scenaze myofi msaxiobis yuradReba ar iyos dakavebuli raime
obieqtiT, ar arsebobs. TviT yvelaze pasiuri mdgomareobis
drosac ki scenaze msaxiobi ar unda darCes yuradrebis obieqtis
gareSe. Aaseve, yuradReba SeiZleba iyos zedapiruli, romelic
swrafad gadadis erTi obieqtidan meore obieqtze da,
imavdroulad, mas araviTari konkretuli mizani ar gaaCnia, Tumca
yvela mocemul momentSi yuradRebis arseboba saxeze iqneba.
saswavlo proceSi studentTan mimarTebiT saWiro xdeba iseTi
xarisxis yuradRebis gamomuSaveba, romelic saSualebas miscems mas,
Seqmnas yuradRebis gadarTvis saWiro siCqare, simsubuqe da
bunebrioba, Tumca ukve Semdgari msaxiobis profesiuli,
mravalsibrtyobrivi yuradRebisagan gansxvavebiT, sasceno moZraobis
Seswavlis procesSi da gansakuTrebiT mis sawyis etapze,
pedagogiuri xerxebis saSualebiT studentis yuradRebis moculoba
5 უზნაძე დ. ზოგადი ფსიქპლოგია. გვ. 551
(samidan eqvs erTeulamde) sagrZnoblad unda Semcirdes da
mimarTuli unda iqnas erTi obieqtis, erTi amocanis gadawyvetisaken
(yuradRebis erT obieqtze fokusirebis xarjze), Tumca yuradRebis
periferiuli kontrolis qveS mainc rCeba garkveuli raodenobis
obieqtebi. imavdroulad, es ar unda iqces pedagogis mier dasaxuli
amocanis xelisSemSlel pirobad. ra Tqma unda, es rTuli amocanaa,
radganac gakveTilis procesSi studentis fsiqika uamravi gare
faqtorebis zemoqmedebis epicentri xdeba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
studenti mTlianad aris CarTuli pedagogis mier SeTavazebuli
amocanis wvdomaSi, igi aucieblad SeZlebs im grZnobebisagan
ganTavisuflebas, romlebic arc erTi kuTxiT ar miesadageba
gakveTilze arsebul realobas. Aamrigad students eZleva
SesaZlebloba, imuSaos yuradRebis rogorc patara (Sinagani me),
aseve saSualo wreSi (anu me da yuradRebis momcro wre). sasceno
moZraobaSi am etapze (mxedvelobaSia pirveli kursi) yuradRebis am
or sferosTan gvaqvs saqme. yuradRebis aRniSnul wreebSi muSaoba
sasceno moZraobis gakveTilze aiZulebs students, dasaxuli amocanis
Sesrulebis procesSi gaxdes ukiduresad yuradRebiani, rac
swavlebis sawyis etapze xels Seuwyobs studentis mxridan pedagogis
mier specialurad danawevrebuli, dayofili da Senelebuli
moZraobebis kidev ufro aqtiurad aTvisebis process (kidev erTi
pedagogiuri xerxi), rac isev da isev mizanmimarTuli, nebelobiTi
moqmedebis Sedegad unda moxdes. sakuTriv arsebul situaciaSi
mizanmimarTuli, nebelobiTi yuradReba warmoadgens mTavar moments,
romelic saWiroa ara marto danawevrebuli moZraobebis
asaTviseblad, aramed maTi koreqtirebisaTvis yuradRebis
sakontrolo funqciebis saSualebiT. radganac nebelobiTi
yuradReba pirdapir kavSirSia cnobierebaSi mimdinare procesebTan
da aqtiuer xasiaTs atarebs, amitom aqtiuri y uradRebis centrSi
moqceuli obieqtebi garduvlad erTvebian studentis praqtikul-
inteleqtualuri moqmedebis procesebSi da es procesebi
TandaTanobiT gadadis profesionaluri, sasceno yuradRebis
TvisebebSi. Saqme ki isaa, rom Cveulebrivi, cxovrebiseuli
yuradRebisagan gansxvavebiT, sasceno yuradReba aiZulebs msaxiobs
specialurad, Segnebulad moaqcios misTvis saWiro obieqtebi
sakuTari yuradRebis qveS. Ee. i. saqme gvaqvs procesebSi nebisyofis
srul CarTulobasTan, rasac msaxiobis mxridan sruliad
mizanmimarTuli, gacnobierebuli moqmedeba udevs safuZvlad.
nebelobiTi yuradRebisagan gansxvavebiT, uneblie anu pasiuri
yuradReba ganpirobebulia gareSe, meqanikuri mizezebiT. igi bunebriv
Tvisebas warmoadgens da adamianebSi metad araTanabrad aris
ganawilebuli da misi gamowvevis mizezi adamianis afeqtur
mdgomareobebSi unda veZeboT.
yuradRebis aRniSnuli ori formis garda saswavlo praqtikaSi
xSirad vxvdebiT yuradRebis erTi formis gadasvlas meore
formaSi an piriqiT ( anu yuradRebis reversiuli xasiaTi ). aseT
SemTxvevaSi obieqti, romelic gaxda studentis uneblie yuradRebis
gamowvevis mizezi, SemdgomSi sruliad Tavisuflad SeiZleba iqces
misi yuradRebis aqtiuri koncetraciis obieqtad. Sedegad
SenarCunebulia yuradRebis Segnebuli da mizanmimarTuli aqtiuroba
miznisadmi da, imavdroulad, studenti mTlianad Tavisufldeba
zedmeti fsiqikuri daZabulobisagan, ris Sedegadac xdeba studentis
sruli CarTuloba SemoqmedebiT procesebSi da yovelive es
mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli azrovnebis procesebTan. Am formiT
yuradReba gvevlineba mxolod maSin, rodesac interesi SerCeuli
obieqtisadmi ar moiTxovs nebisyofis gansakuTrebul CarTulobas,
raTa moaxdinos koncetrireba interesis saganze. Llaparakia
yuradRebis postnebelobiT formaze. es is situacia, rodesac saqme,
romelic dasawyisSi ver gaviTavise da amis gamo moiTxovda
nebisyofis srul CarTulobas, TandaTanobiT iZens iseT
gansakuTrebul elfers da azrs, rac badebs survils, rom
xangrZlivad iyo dakavebuli am saqmiT ( SeiZleba mas SemoqmedebiTi
yuradReba vuwodoT). igi ar moiTxovs nebisyofis maqsimalur daZabvas
da Sedegad srulad gacnobierebul, gonebriv procesad iqceva.
yuradRebis formebis aseTi monacvleoba xSirad gvxvdeba sasceno
moZraobis gakveTilebze, radganac misi specifikidan gamomdinare igi
aqtiur, moZrav da emociur procesebTan aris dakavSirebuli.
SeuZlebelia studentma ganuwyvetlad da didi xniT SeaCeros
yuradReba erT obieqtze (da es arc aris Cveni amocana). Ppedagogis
mxridan mudam unda xdebodes yuradRebis obieqtis ganaxleba, anu
rogorc amocanaTa rigis, aseve maTi xangrZlivobis xSiri cvla da
rac ufro mravalferovani iqneba gakveTilis Sinaarsi, miT met
dadebiT emociur gamovlinebebTan gveqneba saqme da, Sesabamisad,
gakveTilis aTvisebis xarisxic gacilebiT maRali iqneba.
amrigad, studentis saswavlo-SemoqmedebiT procesebSi CarTuloba
warmoadgens fsiqikur mdgomareobas, romelic warmoiSveba misi
aqtiuri moRvaweobis procesebSi da moZraobaTa Seswavlis sruliad
gacnobierebul process unda warmoadgendes.
ემოციები
codna adamianis fiziologiis Sesaxeb gvaZlevs saSualebas, gavecnoT
adamianis bunebaSi mimdinare cvlilebaTa kanonebs, fsiqologia ki
gvaZlevs saSualebas davakvirdeT adamianis xasiaTis cvalebadobas
gamowveuls sxvadasxva stimulebiT (gamRizianebliT). aqedan gamomdinare,
pedagogis amocanaa gamoiwvios an, piriqiT, aaridos students
arasasurveli emociuri cvlilebebi, rac Sesabamisi (fsiqo-fizikuri)
reaqciebis gamowvevis mizezad SeiZleba iqces.
pedagogiuri aRzrdis Tanamedrove moTxovnebi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom
pedagogs unda SeeZlos studentSi mimdinare arsebiTi cvlilebebis
(fizikurisa da fsiqikuris) danaxva da maTi saWiro mimarTulebiT
warmarTva, amisaTvis ki saWiroa erkveode kanonebSi, romelTa
safuZvelzec mimdinareobs esa Tu is cvlileba. studentis fizikuri da
emociuri procesebis ganuyoflobis arseboba saswavlo procesebSi is
aucilebeli mdgomareobaa, romelTa gareSec SeuZlebeli iqneboda
studentSi SemoqmedebiTi bunebis ganviTareba. SemoqmedebiTi
Tavisufleba (mxedvelobaSia Semsruleblis fsiqikisa da kunTuri
sistemis sruli Tavisufleba) unda gaxdes momavali msaxiobis
moRvaweobis mTavari sayrdeni, amitomac misi gamomuSaveba msaxiobis
aRzrdis procesis mTavar pirobad rCeba.
praqtikuli gamocdilebidan gamomdinare, rac met informaciul
zewolas moaxdens studentze pedagogi swavlebis sawyis etapze
(ZiriTadad mxedvelobaSia specialuri Teoriuli informacia), miT
metad aiZulebs mas, CaerTos miRebuli informaciis analizSi, ris
Sedegadac iwyeba sapirispiro fsiqo-fizikuri procesebi (kunTuri
SeboWiloba da uaryofiTi emociuri gamovlinebebi), rac SemoqmedebiTi
atmosferos rRvevas iwvevs. amitomac sasceno moZraobaSi
pirvelkursel studentTan pirveli gakveTilebi unda daiwyos misi
moZraobisadmi mzadyofnis SesaZleblobebis donidan, anu hqondes
SesaZlebloba, sawyis etapze ise Seasrulos pedagogis mier
SeTavazebuli moZraobiTi amocanebi, rogorc mas am etapze xelewifeba,
sakuTari fizikuri da organuli Tvisebebidan gamomdinare (adaptaciis
procesi), pedagogis mxridan mkacri zedamxedvelobisa da mokle
sityvieri SeniSvnebis saxiT.E e. i. sityva – praqtikuli nabiji, isev
sityva – praqtikuli nabiji da a. S. Semdgom imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad
swrafad xdeba studentis an studentTa jgufis SemoqmedebiT
atmosferoSi da masSi mimdinare procesebSi adaptireba, pedagogi
gacilebiT met informaciul da praqtikul zewolas axdens studentze,
Sesabamisad, studentisaTvis Tanmimdevrulad gasagebi xdeba is
procesebi, romlebSic uSualod iRebs monawileobas. amitomac
Semdgomi informaciuli datvirTva pedagogis mxridan studentis mier
aRar aRiqmeba xelisSemSlel pirobad, piriqiT, igi gacilebiT Tamami
da Tavisufali xdeba. ra Tqma unda, yovelive es droebiT meTodur
xasiaTs atarebs (pirobiTad pirveli nabijis meTodi) da pedagogis mier
misi xangrZlivobis regulireba xdeba jgufis an studentis
SesaZleblobebis mixedviT. Aam gziT sasceno moZraobiTi Cvevebis
aTvisebis procesebi studentisaTvis unda iqces organul da bunebriv
nawilad.
kiTxvebma pirovnebis yuradRebisa da emociuri gansakuTrebulobebis
Sesaxeb Tavisi asaxva hpova rig mecnierTa kvlevebSi, esenia: u. jemsi, k.
lange, k. izardi, p. ekmani, s. Saxteri, p. simonovi, p. anoxini, b. dodonovi,
t. kirilenko, d. uznaZe, r. naTaZe, l. vigotski, a. leontievi, s.
rubinSteini da sxvebi. Ppublikaciebisa da samecniero naSromebis
analizi gviCvenebs, rom problema adamianis emociebis Sesaxeb iyo da
rCeba erT-erT aqtualur sakiTxad rogorc pedagogiur, aseve
samecniero moRvaweobis sferoSi. M
adamianis emociuri mdgomareobis gansazRvraSi mniSvnelovan rols
TamaSobs qcevaTa Tavisufleba (qcevaTa Zaldautanebloba),
Tavisufali, Zaldautanebeli poza, Jesti, mimika Tu Rimili migvaniSnebs
subieqtis gawonasworebul mdgomareobaze, ganwyobaze, daamyaros
Tavisufali urTierToba obieqtTan. sakuTari emociebis Secnobisagan
gansxvavebiT, sadac emociis ZiriTad niSnad subieqturi gancda
gvevlineba, sxva adamianebis emociuri gancdebis Secnoba ZiriTadad
xdeba, erTi mxriv, gare gamoxatulebebis anu sxeulis enis iseTi
niSnebiT, rogorebicaa: Jesti, mimika, qceva da, meore mxriv, xma da
sityva, imavdroulad yuradRebis gareSe ar unda darCes e. w.
„antecedentebi“, anu is, rac emociis gamowvevis mizezi SeiZleba gaxdes
da, ra Tqma unda, didi mniSvneloba aqvs pedagogis unars, gansazRvros
Tu vis an ris mimarT aris mimarTuli emociebi. Eemociebis ZiriTadi da
mTavari funqcia (iqneba es dadebiTi Tu uaryofiTi xasiaTis emocia)
mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi warmarTavs adamianis qcevebs, mis xasiaTs
da amasTanave saSemfaseblo funqciac akisria. magram rogorc simonovi
wers: „emociaTa saSemfaseblo funqcia usargeblo xdeba, Tu ar
arsebobs Sedarebis aucilebloba.“6Aanu emociaTa biologiuri Teoriis
mimdevarTa sawinaaRmdegod, emocia aq gvevlineba, „rogorc
faseulobaTa universaluri zoma, „tvinis valuta“ da ara rogorc
Sefasebis ubralo ekvivalenti, romelic funqcionirebs principiT:
saziano-sasargeblo; sasiamovno-arasasiamovno.“7Ee. i. adamianisaTvis
emociebi warmodgens Siga da gare samyaros Sesaxeb tvinSi Semosuli
informaciis Sefasebis procesebs.
6 Симонов П. В. Эмоциональный мозг. Физиология. Нейроанатомия. Психология эмоции. Из. Наука. Ак. Наук
СССР. М.; 1981 . გვ. 26 7 Симонов П. В.იქვე გვ. 26
specifikidan gamomdinare, studenti rogorc swavlis, aseve mTeli
SemoqmedebiTi cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi, xvdeba fsiqologiuri
problemebis gadawyvetis winaSe, romelTa daZleva damokidebulia
misi, rogorc subieqtis. individualur-profesiul SesaZleblobebze.
resursebSi igulisxmeba kognitiuri, emociuri da nebelobiTi
SesaZleblobebi da gvevlineba, rogorc safuZveli TviTregulirebis
iseTi meqanizmebisaTvis, rogoricaa saswavlo procesSi studentis mier
sakuTari qcevis kontroli anu yuradReba. studentis TviTregulirebis
unari gulisxmobs garkveuli codnis gamoyenebas sakuTari emociebis
mimarT, Tavis mxriv, emociebis regulirebisa da marTvis unari
students aZlevs SesaZleblobas, miiRos swori gadawyvetileba da,
gamomdinare aqedan, imoqmedos miRebuli gadawyvetilebis Sesabamisad.
gadawyvetilebis miReba კი gulisxmobs garkveuli codnis arsebobas da
mis gamoyenebas rogorc aristotele ambobda: es aris grZnobaTa
aRqmis procesebi, romlebSic monawileobs rogorc sxeuli, aseve suli,
anu mTliani sistema, (adamiani mTeli Tavisi fsiqo-fizikiT).
zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba xazi gavusvaT studentis mier
emociis regulirebis Semdeg moments: emociuri regulirebis dros
xdeba emociis gaTviTcnobiereba da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi misi, ase
vTqvaT, moqmedebis procesSi ganmuxtva, rac ama Tu im formiT
emsaxureba problemis gadawyvetas, ris Sedegadac studenti uSualod
gadadis problemis gadwyvetaze. emociaTa ganmuxtva xdeba rogorc
araverbalurad, aseve verbalurad, maTze reagireba ki amcirebs
uaryofiTi emociebis intensiurobas. Nnebismier SemTxvevaSi, studentis
moqmedebis procesSi, problema, romelmac gamoiwvia esa Tu is
emociuri mdgomareoba, gadawyvetas eqvemdebareba emociuri
regulirebis sxvadasxva saSualebebiT, meTodebiTa da xerxebiT.
magaliTad: emociaTa gacnobiereba, musikaluri Terapia, verbaluri da
araverbaluri zemoqmedeba da sxva.Uumetes SemTxvevaSi problemis
gadawyveta mravaljeradi cdis, gameorebis Sedegad xdeba (repeticia,
gakveTili), ra drosac emociaTa gamovlinebebis xarisxi yoveli
gameorebis cdis Sedegis Sesabamis xarisxs iZens. Sedegad, emociaTa
regulirebaSi pirvel adgils ikavebs yuradReba da azrovneba.
moZraobaTa aTvisebis procesSi students unda SeeZlos kontremociebis
Segnebulad gaaqtiureba, raTa moxdes arsebuli xelisSemSleli
emociebis regulireba an ganeitraleba.
emociebis warmoSobis mizezad informaciul-kognitur procesebs
asaxeleben, romlebic avtomatur reJimSi mimdinareobs (p. ekmani.
emociis fsiqologia), amitomac emociuri mdgomareoba moqmedebs,
rogorc konteqsti, subieqtis mier movlenebze reaqciebisa da
qmedebebis transformirebis saxiT. Cveulebriv emociur mdgomareobebs
subieqti naklebi intensiurobis gancdebiT gamoxatavs, vidre es xdeba
Zlieri emociebisa da grZnobebis gamoxatvis dros. gansxvavebiT
SegrZnebebisagan, grZnobebi erwymis erTmaneTs da erTiani emociuri
mdgomareobis saxiT ganicdeba (vundtis „emociuri mdgomareobis
erTianianoba“ da r. naTaZis „grZnobaTa orpolusianoba,“ „ambivalenturi
grZnoba“). gakveTilze studentis sxvadasxva emociuri mdgomareobebi
garkveul mizezTa Sedegia, Tumca arsebul situaciaSi studentma
SeiZleba mTlianad an nawilobrivadac ver gaacnobieros maTi
warmoqmnis mizezebi, amitomac saswavlo procesebSi moZraobaTa
aTvisebis dros studentSi warmoqmnili emociuri mdgomareobebis
mravalferovneba SeiZleba gamoxatul iqnas grZnobaTa gamoxatulebis
sxvadasxva formebiT, es SeiZleba iyos: guneba, afeqti, frustracia,
vnebebi da a. S.
msaxiobis SemoqmedebiTi intuiciis gasaRebs stanislavski mxatvrul
emociebsa da sceniur simarTleSi xedavda da ambobda, rom msaxiobis
emocia ar aris namdvili emocia, igi sxeulis periferiuli, xelovnuri
gaRizianebis Sedegia, e. i. saWiro momentSi msaxiobis mier emociebis
xelovnuri, Segnebuli gamowveva (a. vasaZe. „Cemi samsaxiobo gza.’“ Гуревич
Л. Творчество актёра). ra Tqma unda, swavlebis sawyis etapze mxatvrul
emociebze laparaki zedmetia, Tumca emociuri aRgznebadoba,
energetikuli xarjva da maTi marTvis unari momavali msaxiobisaTvis
erT-erT aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens. Yyovelive es, ra Tqma unda
misaRebia, rodesac saqme exeba uSualod dasrulebul, mxatvrul
nawarmoebs – speqtakls, rols – magaram Ziebis procesSi (repeticiebi),
iseve, rogorc saswavlo procesSi, wina planze wamoweuli unda iyos
goneba, cnobiereba, inteleqti – miT umetes, rodesac saqme gvaqvs
emociur da sxeulebriv gamovlinebebTan, dinamikasTan, moZraobasTan,
rac TavisTavad Sesabamis emociur reaqciebTan aris dakavSirebuli da,
rogorc aRvniSneT, maTi uaryofiTi gamovlinebebi mudmiv da ZiriTad
xelisSemSlel pirobad rCeba sasceno moZraobis Seswavlis procesSi.
Tavi mesame
yuradReba da emocia sasceno moZraobaSi
sasceno moZraobis sagnis erT-erTi ZiriTadi amocanaa, moZraobaTa
aTvisebis procesSi erTmaneTs SeuTanxmos inteleqtisa da emociuris
SesaZleblobebi – e. i. erTmaneTs daukavSiros (emociebis Segnebuli
marTvis xarjze) studentis civi goneba da profesiuli Cvevebis
aTviseba. CvenTvis mniSvnelovania, rom swavlis procesSi erTmaneTs ki
ar davupirispiroT emocia da inteleqti, aramed ise mizanmimarTulad,
nabij-nabij warvmarToT studentis saswavlo-SemoqmedebiTi procesebi,
rom misi fizikuri arsi srul harmoniaSi iyos inteleqtualursa da
emociurTan.Ppedagogis amocanaa, swavlebis pirvel etapze studentis
emociuri mdgomareoba metad kontroldebodes gonebis mier, es ki
nebisyofisa da yuradRebis saSualebiT emociis kontrolis gareSe
SeuZlebelia. Mmxolod civi gonebis fonze, yuradRebisa da nebisyofis
ZalisxmeviT aris SesaZlebeli moZraobiTi Cvevebis warmatebiT
aTviseba, studentis es SesaZlebloba aris ara mxolod rogorc niSan-
Tviseba da fizikuri mzaoba gakveTilisaTvis, aramed rogorc
moqmedebis indikatori. saTanado wrTvnis Sedegad studenti iseT fsiqo-
fizikur mzadyofnaSi unda movides, rom SeZlos akeTos is, ris
Sesrulebac mas unda, imavdroulad, naTlad eqneba warmodgenili
moqmedebis mizani da amocanebi, amis miRweva ki SesaZlebelia mxolod
treningis saSualebiT. „mxolod treningis saSualebiT aris
SesaZlebeli sasceno codnis aTviseba“, ambobda barba da trenings
ganixilavda, rogorc msaxiobis profesiuli identurobis
gamoxatulebas sakuTari Tavis Secvlis mcdelobiT.
studentis fsiqikuri funqciebis varjiSi unda gaxdes sasceno
moZraobis Seswavlis procesis iseTive ganuyofeli nawili, rogorc
sxeulis fizikuri da teqnikuri varjiSi. kerZod, yuradRebis TvisebaTa
gavarjiSebaSi igulisxmeba studentis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis
aqtivireba da regulireba, rac, Tavis mxriv, niSnavs saswavlo procesSi
isev da isev nebisyofis saSualebiT studentis emociuri mdgomareobis
donis gaZlierebas an Sesustebas. Tavis mxriv, nebisyofis arseboba
gamoxatavs studentis Segnebul aqts da mis erT-erT funqcias
yuradRebis nebelobiTi marTva, misi interesTa obieqtebze drois
garkveuli xangrZlivobiT SeCereba da dafiqsireba unda warmoadgendes.
yuradRebis mokrebuloba aris Teatraluri magiis jadoqruli Tviseba.
msaxiobi, romelsac gaaCnia talantis yvela monacemi, magram ar gaaCnia
yuradRebis mokrebis unari, verasodes gaxdeba didi msaxiobi. werda v.
panso. yuradRebisa da emociis urTierToba da maTi gavlena sxeulze
msaxiobis aRzrdis sistemaSi mudmiv aqtualur Temas warmoadgenda da
warmoadgens. ra Tqma unda, idealuri variantia, rodesac swavlis
procesSi emocia yuradRebis aqtiur kontrols eqvemdebareba. aRzrdis
sawyis etapze emocia mudam Warbobs studentSi, rac Sesabamis
sxeulebriv cvlilebebTan aris dakavSirebuli Sesabamisi specifikuri,
gamomsaxveli moZraobebis saxiT. am SemTxvevaSi studenti ar aris mzad
nebisyofis saSualebiT gaakontrolos emocia, risi naTeli magaliTia
studentis damokidebuleba simaRlesTan mimarT. (ix. video magaliTi).
saswavlo procesSi studentebze dakvirvebis Sedegad, CvenTvis gasagebi
xdeba, rom pirvelad ucnob moZraobiT amocanasTan Sexvedrisas,
studentis sxeuli instiqturad miiswrafvis, raTa muSa organoSi
Seamciros kunTebis Tavisuflebis xarisxTa ricxvi da amiT Seamciros,
gaaneitralos sxeulSi negatiuri Zalebi, risTvisac igi mtkiced
afiqsirebs kunTebs, rac aSkara vizualur gamoxatulebebSi mJRavndeba
(magaliTad: moZraobis logikuri suraTis rRveva, uxeSi kunTebi,
koordinaciis rRveva d. a. S.). imavdroulad, studentis moZraobebSi
advilad SeimCneva:
1. moZraobaTa realizaciisas ZalTa ganawilebis uyairaTianoba.
2. moZraobis rogorc ritmuli Sinaarsis, aseve moZraobaTa logikuri
Tanmimdevrobis rRveva.
3. mTliani fsiqo-fizikuri aparatis daZabuloba.
yovelive zemoT Tqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT ki vRebulobT: winaaRmdegobas
moZraobis inteleqtualur aRqmasa da mis fizikur Sesrulebas Soris.
sakuTari sxeulis specialurad mocemul garemoSi marTva rTuli
procesia. cxovrebaSi nebismieri moZraoba, romelsac asrulebs
adamiani, bunebriv, Tavisufal da organul xasiaTs atarebs, magram
rogorc ki masze specialurad vamaxvilebT yuradRebas da gadagvaqvs
xelovnurad Seqmnil garemoSi (da Tu amisaTvis mzad ar xarT), iwyeba
is, rasac „sxeulis SejavSnas“ (reixi)8 uwodeben. jer kidev
gamoucdeli studentisaTvis sxeulis daZabuloba, Tuki ver uwevs mas
kontrols, TavisTavad (refleqtorul) process warmoadgens da
emociebis mTlian organizmTan kavSiris es refleqtoruli buneba
xSirad gvxvdeba sasceno moZraobis gakveTilis msvlelobis dros, rac
ZiriTad xelisSemSlel pirobad gvevlineba moZraobaTa aTvisebis
procesSi. anu saqme gvaqvs organizmis fsiqo-fizologiur TvisebaTa
gamovlinebasTan, rac, Tavis mxriv, mWidro kavSirSia kunTur
SeboWilobasa da gaTavisuflebasTan.Aamitom Cvens amocanas
warmoadgens maqsimaluri fsiqikuri daZabulobis pirobebSi
maqsimaluri Tavisuflebis miRweva.
sasceno yuradRebis mokrebuloba aris moqmedebis ZiriTadi, winaswar
dasaxuli da „gegmiani qcevis“ (d. uznaZe) piroba (repeticiisa da
gakveTilis saxiT), risTvisac saWiro xdeba mobilizebis unaris
arseboba, anu studentis mTliani arsebis sruli mokrebuloba da
8 reixi ვ. Avstrieli fsiqoanalitikosi. რomelmac fsiqologiaSi pirvelma gamoiyena termini
„sxeulis javSani.“ romelic axdens energiis blokirebas da romelic ver poulobs gamosavals organizmidan, Sedegad vRebulobT bunebrivi emiciurobis dakargvas, rac organizmSi biologiuri energiis dagrovebis Sedegia.
nebisyofis saSualebiT yuradRebis sruli mimarTva dagegmili amocanis
gadasaWrelad (ganwyobis Seqmna), rac saswavlo-SemoqmedebiT
atmosferoSi Sesvlis erT-erT xelisSemwyob pirobad gvevlineba.
sxvagvarad mas SeiZleba vuwodoT nebisyofis mizanmimarTuloba,
gamoxatuli yuradRebis koncetraciaSi.
yovelive zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Tuki yovelives erT
fokusSi movaqcevT, saswavlo procesSi studentis mTliani fsiqo-
fizikuri aparati mimarTuli unda iyos Semdegi specialuri Cvevebis
gamosamuSaveblad:
1. yuradRebis mdgradoba.
2. yuradRebis koncetracia.
3. yuradRebis ganawilebis unari.
4. yuradRebis mimarTulebis swrafi cvalebadoba.K
5. koordinacia, anu yuradRebisa da moZraobis sworad ganawileba
drosa da sivrceSi.
6. yuradReba, rogorc informaciis miRebisa da Semdgomi gadacemis
saSualeba da masze Semdgomi reagirebis unari.
7. TviTkontrolis unari.
8. moqmedebis goniTi analizi da misi praqtikuli gadawyveta.
Semsruleblis ideamotoruli SesaZleblobebis ganviTareba.
Ppedagogiuri meTodebisa da xerxebis Camoyalibeba
nebismieri saswavlo procesi sxvadasxva pedagogiuri meTodis
gamoyenebiT xorcieldeba. es aris Tanmimdevruli da erTmaneTTan
mWidro kavSirSi myofi sistema, romelsac pedagogi dasaxuli miznis
misaRwevad iyenebs.Ppedagogiuri meTodi ormxriv urTierTobas
gulisxmobs, anu urTierToba pedagogsa da moswavles (students)
Soris. yoveli meTodi Sedgeba amocanis Sesrulebis konkretuli,
pedagogiuri xerxebisagan, romelic meTodis struqturul erTeuls
warmoadgens. swavlebis sxvadasxva xerxebis urTierTSerwyma qmnis
pedagogiur meTods, romlis efeqturobasa da Sinaarss gansazRvravs
pedagogis mier saswavlo procesSi gamoyenebuli xerxebis
mravalferovneba. sasceno moZraobaSi ar arsebobs saswavlo meTodis
erTiani modeli, Mmagram ZiriTadi, rac aerTianebs yvela arsebul
meTods, aris maTi realizebis praqtikuli xerxi TvalsaCino, sityvieri
da realuri meTodebis saxiT. Sesabamisad, pedagogis profesionalizmi
vlindeba unarSi, Seqmnili situaciebis analizis safuZvelze dainaxos
da Camoayalibos pedagogiuri amocanebi da meTodebi.
pedagogiuri moRvaweoba warmoadgens mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirebs
mmarTvel sistemas (pedagogi) da marTvis obieqtebs (studentebs) Soris,
romelsac axasiaTebs:
1. saswavlo procesis – dinamikuroba, anu procesis xarisxis erTi
mdgomareobidan meore mdgomareobaSi gadasvla.
2. saswavlo procesis _ mdgradoba, miuxedavad gare da Sida
xelisSemSleli pirobebisa da procesis dasaxuli xazis SenarCuneba.
saswavlo procesSi da mis sawyis etapze emociaTa regulirebis meTodi
SeiZleba warmodgenili iqnas meTodis klasifikaciiT, gamomdinare
Semdegi principebidan: studentze zemoqmedebis _ anu gaaqtiurebis an
damSvidebis xasiaTis meTodi _ romlis saSualebiTac SesaZlebeli xdeba
saWiro emociis gamowveva an ganeitraleba zemoqmedebis Sesabamisi
saSualebebiT. es aris sunTqviTi, moZraobiTi, verbaluri da mimarTuli
moqmedebebi an TviTregulireba yuradRebis gadarTvis saSualebiT. didi
mniSvneloba aqvs agreTve pedagogis profesiul ostatobas da teqnikur
mzadyofnas, mxedvelobaSia pedagogis emociuri mdgomareobis
TviTregulirebis unari (avtogenuri marTva).
1. pedagogis komunikabelurobis unari (anu studentTan urTierTobis
stili, intonacia ritmi, diqcia da a. S.).
2. meTodilogia _ dakavSirebuli gakveTilis SinaarsTan, mis
situaciurobasTan.
rogorc gakveTilis dasawyisSi, aseve misi msvlelobis dros, emociaTa
marTvis aucilebel saSualebad gvevlineba studentis mier rogorc
movlenaTa kontrolis SesaZlebloba, aseve saerTo emociuri fonis
regulireba sxvadasxva specialuri fsiqo-teqnikis gamoyenebiT. Ees
SeiZleba iyos: 1. e. w. “defribingis” teqnika, 2. dakvirvebis meTodi, 3.
problemuri swavlebis meTodi. 4. kontrolis, TviTkontrolisa da
TviTSefasebis meTodi. 5. mokle taim-autebis meTodi. 6. verbaluri
urTierTobis meTodi. 7. moZraobis danawevrebuli, neli Sesrulebis
meTodi. 8. moZraobaTa uwyvetobis meTodi. 9. Ggalperinis gonebrivi
moqmedebis, mizanmimarTuli, etapobrivi formirebis meTodi. 10. emociis
regulirebis meTodi.
aRniSnuli meTodebis dawvrilebiTi daxasiaTeba ixileT disertaciis
Sesabamis nawilSi.
praqtikuli nawili _ ixileT disertaciis Sesabamis nawilSi.
D
daskvna
M
mocemul disertaciaSi Cvens mier Camoyalibebuli da gaanalizebuli
iqna momavali msaxiobis fsiqikuri mdgomareobis iseTi Tvisebebi,
rogorebicaa yuradReba da emocia. aRniSnuli sakiTxis garSemo
Seswavlil iqna samecniero da pedagogiuri literaturis iseTi
mimarTulebebi, rogorebicaa: filosofia, fsiqologia, pedagogika da
Teatraluri literatura msaxiobis aRzrdis Sesaxeb. Tavisi arsebobis
ganmavlobaSi profesiuli skola mudam eZebda da agrZelebs Ziebebs
msaxiobis profesiuri aRzrdis mimarTulebiT. Teatralur pedagogikaSi
praqtika mudam uswrebda Teorias, mxolod praqtikuli gamocdilebis
niadagze iyo SesaZlebeli iseTi Teatraluri sistemebisa da meTodebis
Camoyalibeba, rogorebic iyo: stanislavskis sistema, marjaniSvilis,
Cexovis, meierholdis, demidovis, brextis, grotovskis, barbas, adleris,
meisnerisa da a. S. sistemebi da meTodebi.
warmodgenil sadisertacio naSromze muSaobis procesSi, sakiTxis
istoriis SeswavlasTan erTad, SevecadeT Segveswavla ara marto
saswavlo procesebSi aRmocenebuli Sida Tu gare xelisSemSleli
faqtorebi da mizezebi, aramed dagvesaxa am faqtorebis daZlevis
Sesabamisi pedagogiuri meTodebi da xerxebi Sesabamisi samsaxiobo
savarjiSoebis saxiT, rogorc studentis mier am procesebSi
aRmocenebuli dadebiTi da uaryofiTi emociebis aRqmis unariT, aseve am
procesebSi studentis yuradRebis uSualo CarTulobiT da maTi
kontroliTa da regulirebiT. studentis emociuri mdgomareobebis
Seswavlam Sesabamis literaturul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT
SesaZlebloba mogvca kidev ufro Rrmad CavwvdomodiT studentis mier
moZraobaTa aTvisebis procesSi uaryofiTi da dadebiTi emociebis
warmoqmnis meqanizmebs, romelTa gagebis mcdeloba traqtatebis saxiT
saTaves jer kidev ZvelberZnuli filosofiidan iRebs aristoteles,
platonisa da, mogvianebiT, axali epoqis warmomadgenlis - spinozasa da
sxvaTa naSromebi da maTi ideebis Semdgomi ganviTarebiT fsiqologiuri
da pedagogiuri mecnierebis iseTi warmomadgenlebis saxiT, rogorebic
iyvnen: d. uznaZe, r. naTaZe. u. jemsi, k. lange, p. simonovi, l. vigotski da
sxvebi.B
Cveni hipoTezis Tanaxmad, Catarebuli kvlevebis safuZvelze da
praqtikaSi maTi danergviT, studentze zemoqmedebis pedegogiuri
saSualebebi sagrZnoblad gaizarda, ramac saswavlo procesSi
studentis fsiqofizikuri adaptaciis SesaZleblobebi sagrZnoblad
gazarda, aseve Teoriuli kvlevis procesSi gamovlenili iqna studentis
emociuri mravalferovnebis sxvadasxva formebi, xasiaTi, maTi
cvalebadoba da warmoqmnis mizezebi, rogorc gakveTilis dasawyisSi,
aseve misi msvlelobis dros, rac Cveni kvlevis siaxles
warmoadgens.
Cvens mier gamoyofili fsiqologiur- pedagogiuri xerxebi da
meTodebi saSualebas gvaZlevs, mivceT students SesaZlebloba,
moZraobaTa aTvisebis procesSi gaerkves warmoqmnil emociaTa xasiaTSi
da introspeqciis gziT awarmoos maTi kontroli da regulireba, rac
kidev ufro Segviwyobs xels saswavlo procesebis efeqturad
warmarTvaSi.
L
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