Šarl Monteskje - Razmatranja o uzrocima velicine Rimljana i njihove propasti

8/3/2019 arl Monteskje - Razmatranja o uzrocima velicine Rimljana i njihove propasti

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Ejlxa~imaPo}eoxposo j }pjndeo wakd|dla

Pdeqolo d sdfjwa rpjro~xd


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Lo~kjw jpdcdloko

EJLXA^QDAQ

NJL^DHPOXDJL^ ^QP KA^ NOQ^A^ HAKO CPOLHAQP HA^ PJEODL^ AX HA

KAQP HNOHALNA

rpawjh ~ gpoln~ijc^p{ol Rowkjwdu

EJLXA^IMA

PO]EOXPOLMO J Q]PJNDEOWAKD\DLA PDEKMOLO D

LMDFJWA RPJRO^XD

QXJRDMO@ajcpoh 0228

Njrpdcfx 0228 }o ^p`dm d Npl CjpQxjrdmo @ajcpoh^wo rpowo }ohpbolo


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D

?, RJ\AND PDEO 0, SACJWD POXJWD

La `d~ej ~eakd ho }oedyqoej cpoh Pde+ lo sacjwje

rj|axi+ ioj cpohjwa ij ma holo~ wdhdej+ ~o d}}axijejldf lo Ipde ijmd ~ rjhdclxd pohd jhkocoso poxljc rka%lo+ ~xjia d }aeoq~idf rkjhjwo, Hpawlo dealo ckowldf ea%~xo Pde ~wo jhpaho ~xjma wa}d ~o xoiwje loealje,

Q cpoh |oi ld~ rj~xjmoka ld kdna+ j~de oij xoij lalo}jwaej rpjhbaxia rxawo ijmd ~ ~a ~xdnokd sae, I%ua ~ `dka poyxpiola d wajeo eoka= }oxj yxj ~ eyiopndwai `dkd lo rj~k dkd lo xpc+ xoij ho ~ mahwo jpowdkd i%uoeo,

Lj+ wakd|dlo Pdeo d}lahpdua ~a ~ijpj sacjwde mow%lde cpo{awdloeo, ]hoso+ ijmo ~ rpboko+ o d holo~ mjywai rpbo m lom}wdyald m rpah~xow j sacjwjm ejud+lo~xoko ~ hj`o ipoqawo,? Wau ma xoho }orj|akj }dhosawa|ljco cpoho,

Pjek d sacjwd lo~kahldnd cjxjwj ~ larpa~xolj poxj%wokd ~o ~~ahdeo ioij `d ~a hjejckd sdfjwdf cpo{olo+ ba%

? Hdjld~dma d} Fokdioplo~o la ejba ho ~a lo|hd ikjoioeo ijma mad}cpohdj Xopiwdldma &Pde~ia ~xopdla+ DDD$ Jla d holo~ rj~xjma, &E,$

Po}eoxposo j }pjndeo wakd|dlaPdeqolo d sdfjwa rpjro~xd


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ma `dwokj d}c`qalj map ~a rpa rjko~io pox ~woij }oikd%soj ho ldyxo laua jx{dxd ~wjm ijpd~x, O Pdeqold ~ `d%kd lopjh ~o lomwauje wapje lo ~wax }oikaxw ijmo majhwai `dko bdko wjmla hd~ndrkdla,

Lom}oh d cpo{old ijmd ~ j~xomokd cpoh+ bdwokd ~ rkjhjwdeo rjàha, Haj }aeqa jh}deol ma rjà{aljelopjh d hakdj ~a lo hwo hako= mahol ma rpjhowol ijpd~xhpbowa+ hpcd ma haqal ~dpjeoylde cpo{oldeo rjh d}wa%~lde rjpa}je ijpd~x Par`kdia,

Ijl}kd+ ijmd ~ xpdmeg ejckd ho ~xail ~oej j~womo%sdeo dkd rjàhje+ poxjwokd ~ ~o ipomsje rjpljyu=ipaxokd ~ rpowj lo larpdmoxaqo o jlho `d jhk|dwoko ~loco,

Pde ma xoij dj ~xoklje d wai ba~xjije pox, O lo%pjh ijmd ma larpa~xolje pox+4 d rj rpdlndr wkohowdla+lad}àblj ejpo dkd rpjro~xd dkd lohwkohoxd ~wa j~xoka ijmd`dkj pox `dkj edp ld~ ldioho `dkd ~ikjld ho lorohl

ldxd ~rpaeld ho ~a `pola,Xoij ~ Pdeqold ~xaikd h`jij rj}lowosa poxla wa%yxdla, Q rjwpaealde poxjwosdeo+ waudlo rpdeapo ma à~%ijpd~lo= edp rpbo hpco|dma rpah~xowa d }o`jpowqom ~a~jr~xwala eola okd d wpkdla,

Hpco rj~kahdno rpdlndro ~xokljc poxjwoso `dko ma xjea yxj ~ Pdeqold edp bdwakd d~iq|dwj ioj rjàh%ldnd, ]orpowj+ |ae ~ikoroxd ~poeld edp ~o mahlde lopj%hje ho `d ~a }opoxdkj ~o hpcde:

Q xje rjckah+ sdfjwd }ofxawd `d ~a rjwauokd |de `dhjbdwakd rjpo}9 xoij ~ d}lalo{dwokd rjàhldia d ~oed ~a%`d loeaxokd mjy wau lajrfjhlj~x rjàha,

Jhwai d}kjbald lom~xpoyldmde j~waxoeo+ rj~xjmolj~x djhwoblj~x ~ de rj~xoka rjxpa`la+ o jwa wpkdla ~a ijhsdf ld~ ejcka po}hwjmdxd jh qòwd rpaeo ~a`d+ rjpjhd%

4

kdia qha }ola~a pohd ~wjc jhpboso+ mowlo }hoso+ fpo%`pj~x d~rjqalo pox+ rj~xjmolj~x la~paud+ hwoha~axj%cjhdysd pox ijmd ma à} hpbowa d hjòpo wjhdj dkd loeaxojpde~ije lopjh d sacjwo larpa~ylo rjejulo ~pah~xwo+io}m ho ldma wpahol rpa}paso,

Ea~xo ijmo jhpa{ma rjxje~xwj+ ioj yxj j`d|lj `dwo+d}kjbalo ~ Gjpxldlde fdpjwdeo, ^rpjxlj ckah ~wo%ijc wkohojno ijco ma rjxd~lko wkohomuo ~xpolio dkd ijmd

ma rjiyoj ho ikjld rpahpo~h ijmo ua co lohbdwaxd/Pde ma+ rj~ka rpjcjl~xwo ipoqawo+ ~rj~xowdj cjhd%

ysa ijl}ka9 d xj ma jlj yxj co ma hjwakj hj wd~jijc ~xa%ralo ejud, Wkohojnd ~wje bdwjx rpjko}a ipj} po}hj%`qo cjphj~xd+ rj~ka ijmdf ~kaha hpca ~xpo~xd+ |oi d kasj~x,Lj+ Par`kdio ld ma+ ~xaiowyd wj{a ij md ~a ~woia cjhdla~easm d rdp ho rjiob ~wjma ~rj~j`lj~xd la `d kd }o%hj`dkd ljwa hblj~xd+ c`dko ld xpalo pohd cjphj~xd= ijl}%

kd ~ rjipaxokd âlox ho lopjh rpahkjbd pox d ~woijhlaw%lj e io}dwokd lo ljwa larpdmoxaqa,Jwj ma xakj jhwai `dkj ~ikjlj xjea+ xa rjyxj ~a }o%

ejpdkj jh larpa~xoldf lopjhldf rpdxb`d d }ofxawo+ lo~xj%mokj ma ho e ~ipala robs ~o hjeoudf `pdco d ho co }o%jird la|de d}wolo,3

Lj pox ma cjxjwj wai jhcjwopoj lopjh+ map `d ~a+ehpje po~rjhakje rkalo+ wai rpjloko}dj lo|dl ho colo|dla ijpd~lde,

Ioij ma Pde `dj cpoh à} xpcjwdla d cjxjwj à} }olo%xo+ rqo|io ma `dko mahdld lo|dl ho ~a rjmahdlnd j`jcoxa,

^xjco ma rqo|iosa laxo hd~ndrkdlo d cjxjwj ma mah%loij rjyxjwol pah ioiow ma holo~ ~wjm~xwal eokde Xo%xopdeo,

Rkal ma }omahld|id ~o`dpol6 d haqal wjmldndeo, Ldyxo ld%

6

3 Qj~xokje+ wko~x âloxo `dko ma eosa jcpold|alo ~rjqlde rj%~kjwdeo+ lacj lxpoysde, &E,$

6 Wdhaxd Rjkd`dmo+ isdco , &E,$

4 D}`pd~olo rpdeahò= Pdeqold ~ ~xpolna rj~eoxpokd ioj larpdmoxa%qa, Fj~xd~+ rpaeo Wopjl+ Kdlco kox,+ kd`, DW+ }lo|dkj ma+ rj|axi+~xpolno ijmd ma bdwaj rj ~wjmde }oijldeo, &D}hosa d} ?3>8, cjhdla$


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rj~xoxd jh larpjnasdwa wpahlj~xd,Ld~ ~wd dxok~id lopjhd `dkd rjhmahloij poxj`jpld= X%

~nd?0 ~ `dkd ~eaiyold `jcox~xwdeo d po~ijyd9 Xopaluold+Iorolnd+ cjxjwj ~wd cpohjwd Ioeroldmd d Wakdijm Cp|%ijm po~rohokd ~ ~a jh kasj~xd d bdxoio, Okd Koxdld+ Fap%ldnd+ ô`dsold+ Aiwd d Wjk~nd ~ ~xpo~xwalj wjkakd pox9 ~wdjld ~ dkd jij Pdeo9 rpbokd ~ e la}oed~kdw jxrjp d rj%~xokd sacjwd |dxaqd rjckah d~xpomlj~xd,

Koxdl~id cpohjwd ~ `dkd ijkjldma Ok o+ o j~ljwoj df maKoxdl ^dkwdma,?> J~de }omahld|ijc rjpaiko ~o Pdeqoldeo+deokd ~ d }omahld|ia j`paha+ o apwdma Xkdma?8 df ma lomedj}o cpohs fpoeo Pde ioj ~pahdyx ~owa}o hwom lopj%ho, Rj~ka rjpo}o wakdijm dnd ijh Pacdk~ijc ma}apo+ `dkd ~rpd~dqald lo ~owa} d `pox~xwj rj jpbm ~o Pdeqoldeo,?1

Mo~lj ~a wdhd ijkdij ma+ xjije ipoxijxpomla xdpoldmahanaewdpo+ ~rjl Pdeo }owd~dj jh sacjwa ~kj`jha= hpbo%

wo ioj ho ma d}c`dko hy ijmo m ma rjipaxoko,?7

Q cpoh ~ rpaj~xoka ~oej hwa wp~xa qhd= jld ijmd ~roxdkd ioj ~bsd d jld ijmd ~+ d} ~jr~xwala ijpd~xd+ lo~xjmo%kd ho loeaxl pjr~xwj, aloxjpd ~ ~a rjwikd d} Pdeo iojx{ac cpoho o ~~ahld lopjhd ld~ rpbokd ldioiow jxrjp,

Rjyxj ma âlox loyoj lo|dl ho rkoxd wjmldia+ }orj|ako ma jr~oho Wa ma ijmo ma rjxpomoko ha~ax cjhdlo, Ijh Pd%eqolo ~a }orobo ljwo wayxdlo d ljw lo|dl poxjwoso= sd%fjwd ~ra~d rj~xo m ~momld md9 `jqa ijpd~xa ~wj ma rj aha9j~womoso ~ ~wa wauo9 rpjydpdkd ~ ~wjma lo~aj`dla9 ipox%

??

nd+ jxohb`dld d ~wae yxj ma |jwai lomhpoba,?2 Dxok~id lopjhd ld~ ijpd~xdkd ldioiwa lorpowa j`d|o%

mala xjije jr~oho?? o } xj+ `hud ho wjmldnd ld~ `dkdrkouald+ ld~ ejckd hcj `dxd }ohpbowold lo mahlje ea%~x9 ~xjco ma eokj sdfjwdf poxjwo `dkj jhk|mua, @jpà~ wj{ala ho `d ~a jrqo|ioj larpdmoxaq~id xo`jp dkd sa%cjwo }aeqo9 rj~ka |aco ~ ~a d rjàhldi d rjpobald rjwko %|dkd ~woij ~wjm cpoh, Qrpowj ma jwo |dsaldno rj`hdkojxrjp dxok~idf lopjho d d~xjwpaealj payalj~x Pdeqolo hodf rjpjà9 xj ua hjwa~xd hj rjàho ijma df laua d~iwopdxdo j~xowdua df àhd,

Ho ~ `p}j j~wjmdkd ~wa jijkla cpohjwa+ hjbdwakd `drpjro~x ~o hjko~ije Rdpo+ Coko d Foldòko+ d+ yxj ma ~h%`dlo ~ijpj ~wdf hpbowo ~waxo+ rpa`p}j rpaykd d} ~dpjeoyxwo `jcox~xwj d d} `jcox~xwo d~iwopalj~x,

Okd Pde ~a d hoqa rdpoj d ~xoklj lodko}dj lo rparpaia+

rjio}dwoj ma eju à} ejculj~xd ho ma rpjydpd d wpkj~ije jipbas+ rj~waxdj ~a wpkdloeo ij ma ua }o ~wax

?2

?2 D}`pd~old jhaqoi= Q Dxokdmd ~a ha~dkj jlj yxj ma Oeapdio hjbdwa%ko loya hjò= ~ko`d d po~aqald hjejpjnd rpahokd ~ ~wjma }aeqa lj%wde ~xoljwldndeo+ lo~xosala xpdeo po}kd|dxde lopjhdeo+ X~ndeo+Cokdeo d Cpndeo, Cokd ld~ deokd ldioiwjc hjhdpo ~o Cpndeo ldxd X%~ndeo9 jld ~ rpah~xowqokd rkaea rj~a`ljc ma}dio+ j`paho d j`d|omo+ ocp|ia ijkjldma ijma ~ rjxdnoka jh po}kd|dxdf+ |a~xj larpdmoxaq~idf lo%pjho+ deoka ~ rpdkd|lj hpco|dma dlxapa~a, Xohoysd ~wax ldma `dj rj%rx holoysac= rxjwoso+ j~womoso+ xpcjwdlo+ lo~xoloi ljwdf hpbowo+d}e rjyxa+ ijero~o d yxoera+ d}wa~lo jryxo rpowdko+ jkoiyokd ~ wa}ad ijpaldkd ~ loeo wayxdl ijm }jwaej rjkdxdio= lo rpwd rjckah ~aj|owo ~wa yxj ~a }`dwo ~wax+ d |de laid lopjh rjioba oe`dndma+~ea~xo rj`{ma `jmo}ol ijh ~wdf j~xokdf, &D}hosa d} ?3>8, cjhdla$

?? Hdjld~dma d} Fokdioplo~o jwj d}pd|dxj lowjhd &D$+ o xj ~a wdhd d d}d~xjpd ma, Ld~ eakd ho lorpowa cokapd ma ho `d ~a }oikjldkd jh wjm~iaij mo hpbd jr~oh, Lo~xjmokd ~ ho cpohjwa }o}e rpaij ka~xwdno,Agjp ma lord~oj ho ma cpohdxaq Opxaejl d}eaj jcpjela eoydla }orpj`dmosa lommo|df àhaeo, Rapdika ~a sdeo rpwd rj~kbdj xjije jr%~oha ôej~o+ lowjhd Rkxopf+ Rapdikjw bdwjx, &E,$

?0 Axppnd,?> Ioj yxj ~a wdhd d} po~rpowa rjh lo~kjwje= Jpdcj calxd~ pjeoloa+

ijmo ~a rpdrd~ma Opakdm Wdixjp, &E,$?8 Hdjld~dma d} Fokdioplo~o+ DW, &E,$?1 Wdhaxd ijh Hdjld~d mo d} Fokdioplo~o &WD$+ mahol jh ~rjpo}eo

~ikjrqaldf ~o sdeo, &E,$?7 Rjh d}cjwjpje ho lopjh hom rd~ola }oijla+ hjcpo`dkd ~ wko~x,

Wdhaxd Hdjld~dmo d} Fokdioplo~o+ D, &E,$


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ijkdij ro~xdp~idf ijkdò,

DD

J WAyXDLD POXJWOLMO PDEKMOLO

Qryxomud ~a pox d ~eoxpomud co wayxdlje+ Pdeqold~ s lj~dkd ~wjm hf d ~wo ~wjmo po}edyqoso la `d kd ma~owpydkd, Laeo ~esa ho df ma+ rpdrjwaho Wacandma?+ la%id jh `jcjwo lohoflj ho ~xwjpa kacdma,

Rpjnaldkd ~ ho ma wjmldndeo kacdma lajrfjhlj hoxd mo%|a d xaba loroho|ij d jh`poeàlj jpbma lacj yxj co deoeo ijmd hpcd lopjh,0

Lj+ ioij poxjwdeo deo ~xwopd }o ijma ld~ rjha~laxayij lojpbola mahdldna+ rjbakakd ~ ho ~a jiwdp kacd%

ma lo{a koij lojpbold wjh ijmd `d ~a ejcoj d}hwjmdxd `jp`d d+ ijkdij ~a }o xde ioba rjxpaò+ wpoxdxd ~a sa%la pahjwa9 }oxde ho ~a sjm lo{a d ijsdno+ ~xpaknd d rpou%ioyd ijmd ua cjldxd larpdmoxaqo d hjwpydxd rjàh= ho `hajrpaeqalo ~wde poxlde jp{deo ijma ua lj~dxd ~o ~j`je9

ij+ j~womosa Wama `dkj ma laio wp~xo rpawpoxo,Okd+ ld lorjpd ld~ ~ko`dkd, Doij ~ }ohowokd xayia hop%

na X~ndeo+ Aiwdeo dkd Wjk~ndeo+ sdfjwd ~owa}ldnd Koxd%ld d Fapldnd+ ijmd ~ deokd d~xj jpbma d mahloi hd~ndrkdl+lor~xdkd ~ df9 ea{ X~ndeo lo~xo m ljwd ~owa}d9 oôelduold+ lompoxj`jpld md lopjh Dxokd ma+ jmowdj de ma

jyxop pox,Jh wj{aso rkoxa+ âlox wdya ldma hjhaqdwoj wjmldnd%

eo }aeq rjà{aldf lopjho9 loeaxlj ma ljwa ~kjwa=rpd~dqowoj df ma+ lo rpdeap+ ho laij wpaea ~lo`hawomwjm~i kaxdlje+ hom mjm bdxo d jhaua,?3

Cok~ij j~womosa Pdeo ldma e jh}akj ldyxo jh sa%cjwa ~loca= wjm~io ma `dko wdya po~xo lacj rjpobalo+ cj%xjwj ~a nakj~xd rjwiko Wa m9 lopjh ~a d}òwdj rjjijklde cpohjwdeo9 o rjbop cpoh ma rpjcxoj xai la%

?0

?3 Wdhaxd ~ikjrqala ~rjpo}ea, &E,$

? Isdco DD+ ckowo ?, &E,$0 Wdhaxd Rjkd`dmo d Gkowdmo+ Ha àkkj mhodnj+ kd`, DDD+ j jpbm pde%

~ijc wjmldio, Jwom hpcd ioba ho deo eokj po}kdia d}ea{ loxjwopa%ljc ijso d pde~ijc wjmldio, Lj~a ~o ~j`je+ ioba Ndnapjl+ fpol}o wdya jh raxloa~x holo+ ~wa yxj de ma lajrfjhlj+ ~wa yxj ma rjxpa`%lj }o xwp{dwosa+ o rjckah jpbmo+ xayij ho deom dyxo wdya jh ~wj%

mdf pi+ X~nkola~+ DD, &E,$> Isdco DD+ ckowo W, &E,$


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òp+ ioij `d wabòkd rkdwosa d jrpokd ~o ~aà rpoydl d }ljm,3Laeoej wdya xo|l rpah~xow j xaka~lde wabòeo=

rpa}pal ma |jwai ijmd de ~a ~wdya rj~wauma }oxj yxj wa%udlo jwde wabòeo rpd~xro pohd }oòwa+ hji ma ~xopjhjò ~wa+ |oi d rka~+ `dkj ~o~xowld haj wjmla wayxdla,

Ha~dkj ~a |oi ho mahlo wayxdlo+ wajeo xpobalo hpbo%

s jpbmo ijmde ~a ~kbdej pox+ rj~xola ~eaylo+ rj%yxj ma wj{asae j`d|o mo hwj j mo+ eo|awosa rj~xokjrparj}loxqdwj ioj ~xwop iowcohbdmo dkd iiowdno,

Jld ij md Fjeapo ipdxdi m }oxj yxj ~o~wde rpdpjhljjxipdwo ~wjmde mlondeo ~loc+ jipaxlj~x dkd b~xpdl xa%ko+ ejpokd `d ôk~xdmo ~eoxpoxd wpkj ~eaylde `hud ho mafwokdj Rjeramo+ map xp|d+ ~io|a d lj~d xapax ioj d ~woid hp%cd sacjw ~owpaealdi,6

^woid rx ioh `d Pdeqold rjwapjwokd ho ~ jro~lj%~xd dkd ioho `d rjbakakd ho lohjiloha laioiow c`dxoi+ d%kj ma }o sdf j`d|omalj ho rjjyxpa wjml hd~ndrkdl,4 Hokd xpaò ho }opoxa ~o Koxdldeo+ lopjhje rjhmahloij po%xj`jplde ioj d jld: Eolkd ma rjedyqo lo xj ho rpjydpd~wjm wjml eju d rjc`d ~dlo ijmd ma rjco}dj sacjwj lo%pa{asa, Ho kd ~ rjx|ald ijh Leolndma: ^ndrdjl Aed%kdmol de ma ~ipoxdj ~wa yxj `d ejckj ho df po}eo}d,?2 Ho kd~ pde~ia kacdma rpjyka ipj} ~dxj d payaxj Ledhdmd: Ea%xak d~rpowqo jw ~poejx ioho de lopa{ma ho ~rj~xowa~xopo rpowdko, Eopdma }oj`dko}d paia ho d rjxioj Ide`pad Xawxjlna+ o ^ko ma xjkdij hj`pj j`|dj ~wjma wjmldia+}o~xpoyala poxje rpjxdw Edxpdhoxo+ ho jh saco }ofxawom

?1

ho ~a ~woid rx> kjcjpd d lo|dld+ ioj yxj Wacand ma ioba+lai wp~x xwp{owa,

Ho `d `dkd xaba lojpbold jh `dkj ijco hpcjc+ `dkj malajrfjhlj ho rj~xol ~lobldmd jh j~xokdf qhd9 xj ma rj%~xdclxj ~xoklde pohje ijmd df ma mo|oj d wabòeo ijmdeo~ ~xdnokd jipaxlj~x+ o rpowj ~a jipaxljyu lomeosa xpj%

yd ~loco ijm |jwai rj~ahma,Rpdeaumaej holo~ ho loyo wjm~io eljcj c`d }`jc

rpaijeapljc poho wjmldio+8 o droi ~ Pdeqold ~rawokdho ~a j|wom }ofwoqmud jcpjelje xph, Po}kj}d+ wa%pmae+ kaba xjea yxj ~ xj `dkd larpa~xold lorjpd+ hjiloyd wjmldnd rpako}a d} ipomsa pohdlj~xd ipoms à~rj%~kalj~x yxj ma lomrjc`ldmo ~xwop lo ~wax,

Jwha `d woqokj ho lorjealae yxo loe rd~nd cjwjpa jj`nd pde~idf wjmldio,1 Lowdiowokd ~ df ho fjhom ~xpjma%wde ijpoije+ hpcde pa|deo ho rpawoqm hwoha~ax ed%

qo }o rax ~oxd+ o ioxioh d hwoha~ax rax, Xjije jwdf eop%yawo+ ejpokd ~ ho lj~a xapax jh ya}ha~ax glxd, Xapokd ~df ho xp|a d ~io| rjh rlje poxlje jrpaeje9 wabò%eo ~ ijpd~xdkd hwj~xpij xaba eo|awa+ ijrqo+ ~xpaka lacjijh j`d|ljc lojpboso+ o xo wabòso ~ `dko ~xoklo,7

Poxlo jìo ~a ldma jhwdmoko ~oej kjcjp9 d cpoh marj~xjmokj ea~xj iho ~ cpo{old jhko}dkd ho wabòm &`dkj maxj Eop~jwj rjqa$, Rj }owpyalje rj~k+ ònokd `d ~a Xd%

?8

8 Rj~a`lj ijrosa }aeqa, &E,$ Km DW ma rpd~dkdj wjmldia ho poha

lo oiwohix Wap~om, Lmdf wdya jh ha~ax fdkmoho epkj ma jh po}ldfardhaedmo,1 Wdhaxd Wacand mo+ isdco D, Wdhaxd ijh Xdxo Kdwd mo+ isdco WD+

wabà ijmdeo ma ^ndrdjl Ogpdiolon rjhwpcoj wjmldia rj~ka }o}deo%so Ljwa Iopxocdla, Eopdma ma+ rpij~ ~xopj~xd+ ~woijc holo jhko}djlo Eop~jwj rjqa, Rjeram ~a raha~ax d j~ejm cjhdld `jpdj rjh r%lde lojpbosae } ekohdua+ }mofdwoj ijso+ mpdyoj à} }oraxdf}hd d ònoj ijrqo, &Rkxopf+ Bdwjx Eopdmo d Rjeramo$, &E,$

7 Wacandma+ Isdco D, &E,$3 Wacandma+ Isdco D, &E,$

6 Ne okonpd`~ ~okx+ ne wakjnd`~ np~+ ne wokdhdn wanxa napxo%òx, Jhkjeoi d} ôk~xdmo ijmd rpalj~d Wacandma+ Isdco D+ ckowo D, &E,$

4 Wjmlo hd~ndrkdlo ~a rpwd rx mowdko sdfjwjm hpbowd d rj~kahso ma sjm dy|a}ko+ xjkdij ma `dko ~ijr|olo ~o ~xpjm~xwje Par`kdia, &@j%~a+ Po~rpowo j jryxjm d~xjpdmd+ DDD+ 7$,

?2 Rpjhoj ma ~w wjml ~xji d ~woije wjmldi jhpahdj ho lj~d bd%xo }o xpdha~ax holo+ d ~ahoe ij|awo }o yol|dwosa &Gkjpjw rjrd~+Isdco KWDD$, &E,$

?? Gpjlxdl+ ^xpoxacaea+ isdco D+ ckowo D, &E,$


9/100

Sdfjwa ~ mahdldna jhwai `dkd lom`jqa hd~ndrkdljwo%la+ `dkj ma xayij d lomqujm `jp`d d}àud sdfjwj cprd~o%sa dkd rjeaxs larpdmoxaq~ide pahjwdeo, Xoij ~a d~xjpdmd ~xoklj lodko}d ioij+ eoho rj|axi lohmo|old `pj%

mae dkd ba~xdlje larpdmoxaqo+ ~rawom ho d}`jpa rjàh,Ckowlo robso ~o~xjmoko ~a xjea ho d~rdxom |ae

`d df larpdmoxaq ejcoj loheoydxd d xjea ~ rj~waudwokdrobs, Lowdikd ~ ~a lo rpd}jpa ipwd d posowosa ckohd%moxjp~ide `jpòeo ijma ~ rpa}akd jh Axppono,?8

Jyxpd eo|awd Coko+?1 Rdpjwd ~kjljwd+ ~oej ~ maholrxejckd ho df d}laloha, J`pydkd ~ ~a lo ~ko`j~x ~wjma ij%sdna+?7 lomrpa }ònmud }ha ~o ijso ioij ~a sdfjworpjhjplj~x la `d }o~xowdko9 rjxje ~ wakd wakdxa,?3 Ioh~ hj}lokd }o yrol~id eo|+?6 jhòndkd ~ ~wjm, Po}wdkd ~}losa j ejparkjw~xw d}eawyd lorpow ijm loe ma Rj%kd`dma jrd~oj,?4 Lorj~kaxi+ ioj yxj ioba Gkowdma+02 pox ma }osdf `dj wabò po}edyqoso+ o edp wabò xako,

Oij ma laid lopjh jh rpdpjha dkd d} ~wjc ~xpjm~xwo d}%wioj lai rj~a`l rpahlj~x+ jld ~ ~a sjea rj~kbd%kd9 ld~ ldyxo rparyxokd ~k|om la `d kd ~a hjejckd ledh%~idf ijso+ ipduol~idf kijwo+ òkaop~idf lomoeldio+

?3

`jp` la `d kd jijl|okd wko~xdxa eia,??R`kdma Lo~dio a~rjxpa`lj lopa{ma ~xwoposa ejplopd%

na= wdya ~a ~xpofjwokj jh à~rj~kalj~xd lacj jh larpdmoxaqo,Ok Cakdma?0 lowjhd rpdkd|lj p{owa po}kjca }o j`d|om

Pdeqolo ho r~xa ipw wjmldndeo ijmd ~ lo|dldkd laid rpa%~xr= lomxo|ldmd ma+ `hud ho ma ~loco ckowlj ~wjm~xwj wjm%

ldio+ ho ma xdea rpa ldbowol lacj ~ko`qal,Xoij j|wp~kd qhd ~ j`d|lj `dkd }hpowd9 ijh rd~ono lalodko}dej ld lo mahl hpc wjm~i ijmo poxma rj po}lderpahakdeo o delo ma lo `jka~xd9 holo~ ~a cjxjwj pahjw%lj hayowo ho ~a wjm~ia+ eoho larjà{ala+ xoijpaud d~xj %ra xji poxljc rjfjho,

Ijh lo~ ~ |a~xo ha}apxap~xwo+ map ~ wjmldnd lomrjhkd%md ~kjm ~woijc lopjho d laeo ldijco ij deo loheju lohhpcdeo dkd s wapma, Jlo ~ ijh Pdeqolo `dko paxio=wjmldnd pacpxjwold d} ~pno xjkdij rjlj~ljc+ hj~xjmol%~xwaljc lopjho+ ~oejwapaljc loheju loh j~xokdeo+ld~ ld ejckd ho rjed~ka lo xoiwj rjldbasa ho rpa~xol`dxd Pdeqold,

Ioij sdfjwo wjm~io ldma `dko `pjmlo+ `dkj ma koij hp%boxd ma9 wjm~ijwj{o ma ejcoj ho df `jqa rj}lo d koiyaj|d eola d hd~ndrkdl~ia rpaipyoma,

^loco sdfjwdf wab`d+ }ohdwqmud rxawd ijma ~ d}cpo%hdkd+ rudwokd ~ df lo hca d p}a eopyawa,?> Sdfjwo laj%|aidwolo rjmowo kahdko ma bdka larpdmoxaq= eakd ~ ho ~ad}laloho rjmowa+ lopj|dxj rj~ka laijc la~rafo+ wpa%ea ioho ~ sdfjwd larpdmoxaqd `dkd qqiold rjàhje,

Q holoysde jpòeo+ rjmahdlon deo rjwapaso ~oej eljyxwj9 okd ~woid Pdeqoldl+ |wpyud d poxj`jpld md jh~wjc larpdmoxaqo+ wai ma po|loj lo ~oejc ~aà9 po}ea~a `dj ma fpoòp+ hoika j`hopal wpkdlje ijmo ma j~auosa~jr~xwala ~loca,

?7

?0 Isdco + ckowo WDDD, &E,$?> Rj~a`lj wdhaxd Fo}hpòkjw rjpo} d sacjw `p}dl rpjxdw Wdpd%

moxo, &E,$

?8 Jhkjeoi Ldijka d} Hoeo~io+ isdco D+ ijh Oxalamo+ isdco DW,Rpa lacj yxj ~ wjmldnd jhko}dkd wjm~i+ rpdio}dwokd ~ de ckohdmoxjp%~ia `jpà, Mkdma Iordxjkdl+ Bdwjx Eoi~deo d @ok dlo, &E,$

?1 Pdeqold ~ rpbokd ~wjmo ijrqo ijmdeo ~ rpdeokd hopna cok~idfeo|awo d jxrakd df, &E,$

?7 @dko ma mjy d `jqo lacj ijh eokdf lopjho Dxokdma, ^xwopokd ~ ma jh

lom`jqdf cpo{olo ijmdeo ma hpbowo d}hpbowoko ijso, Ioh `d ~a jlorjmowdko+ ldmahlo mjm rayohdmo ldma `dko powlo d wpkj |a~xj jlo ma jhk%|dwoko j rjàhd, &E,$

?3 Xj ~ `dkd koij lojpbold ekohdud d lomwayxd md kacd md ijmd ~ lolomeosd }loi ~ioiokd lo ijsa dkd ~a jpdkd lo ljcoeo, &Wokapdma Eoi%~de+ isdco DD9 Xdx Kdwdma+ isdco WD$, &E,$

?6 Jhkjeoi d} Rjkd`dmo+ ijmd rpalj~d ^ho rpaeo Eoiodpjwde lo%wjhdeo &E,$ &Ixako~$

?4 Cowpol+ wp~xo iia loealmala }o~xowkmolm `pjhjwo Iopxocd%lmolo,

02 Ha @akkj mhodnj+ kd`, DDD, &E,$


10/100

Ioh }oijld wdya ld~ ~xpjcj rjyxjwold+ ~xwopd ~ ~awpoxdka lo jl xo|i lo ijmjm ~a holo~ loko}a ijh lo~= rj%fkaro mahldf d po~drldyxwj hpcdf j`pxokj ma `jcox~xwo }a%eqa ipj} eokj pi+ o }oxde ~ ~a rjmowdkd }oloxd }`jc}omoeldf rjxpaò `jcoxdf d ~dpjeoyldf, Xj ma hjwakj hjxjco ho wdya cjxjwj ldma `dkj ld cpo{olo ld wjmldio= `h %ud ho ma }aeqo poldma loeasalo d}hpbowos rjxjsdf ij%pdyualo }o rpafposdwosa pj`jwo d }oloxkdmo+ ioj wdh po~%ijyd ljwdf wko~ldio9 à} xjco `d dy|a}ko hpbowo ijmo ejpoho jr~xola rpij~ larpowdklj~xdeo, Rpa rpjrohoso+ rp%wj`dxld rpdfjhd hpbowa `dkd ~ haqald wjmldndeo+ xm, }a%eqjhakndeo9 ioh ma rpjroko Par`kdio+ jld ~ rpaykd pia `jcoxoyo ijmd ~ df rpaxwjpdkd pj`jwa d }oloxkdma+ ojh sdf ma+ ipj} rjpa}+ d}hwomol haj }o d}hpbowosa wjm~ia,

Lj+ jwom ~jm qhd jryxa ldma `dj ~ikjl poxjwos= `dkd~ rkoyqdwd d wau rjiwopald po~ijylde bdwjxje cpohjwd%

eo o |a~xj d ~oede }oloxje9 j~de xjco+ ioij }orpowj ld%~ ld deokd wko~xdx jxohb`dl+ d ioij ~ jh ~wjma dlh~xpd%ma bdwokd ~wcha+ eokj yxo ~ ejckd ho d}cà dkd ~o|wom,

Q pde~ije rjrd~ jòwqalje laij wpaea rj~ka rpj%cjlo ipoqawo+? o }oxde rjrd~ ijmd ma jòwdj Haeaxpdma~o Gokapjlo Oxdld+0 rjio}oj ~a cjxjwj mahloi `pjm ~xo%ljwldio= Pde ma `dkj |axdpd ~xjxdla |axpha~ax fdqoho+ Oxdld |axdpd ~xjxdla xpdha~ax d mahlo fdqoho, Lj+ jwom rjrd~ Pde roho wpaea ioh ma cpoh `dj lorjl ~wjc~xpjm~xwo+ hji ma Oxdlo wau wakdij `dko lo }oko~i, @pjmjhpo~kdf Pde |dldj ma |axwpxdl sacjwjc ~xoljwldyxwo+hji ma Oxdld d}lj~dj layxj eosa jh hwoha~axdla, EjuPdeo jhlj~ lo Oxdl+ jwde po}kd|dxde po}hj`qdeo+~xjmd jhlj~ |axwpxdla rpaeo hwoha~axdld+ xm, `dko ma ra%

?4

`pjhjwo ~o Pjhj~o,Qipoxij+ ldmahol lopjh ldma ~a ~rpaeoj }o pox ~o xjkd%

ij jrpa}lj~xd d ldma co wjhdj ~o xjkdije ~eakjyu,

DDD

IOIJ ^Q PDEKMOLD EJCKD HO RPJyDPA WKO^X

ôho+ ioho ~wd lopjhd Awpjra po~rjkob mahloide wa%yxdloeo+ jpbmae+ hd~ndrkdlje d lo|dlje poxjwoso+ wol%pahld ~rjl Pdeqolo |dld loe ~a la}oed~kdwde, Qj~xo%

kje+ holo~ rj~xjmd xoiwo la~po}eapo ejud ho ldma ej%cua ho ~a laio eoko hpbowo wko~xdxde ~locoeo d}hdcla d}rjljpo ijmd m ma ~ea~xdkj rpjwd{asa,

Jwo jijklj~x lo~ xapo lo po}edyqosa9 a} xjco `d~ej~ockahokd hjco{oma la po}eawomud df d la j~auomud hj%`pj po}kdi jijklj~xdeo+ rjwapjwokd `d~ej+ |dxomudhpawl rjwa~x+ ho wdhdej qha hpco|dma jh lo~ ~oedf,

Hcj d~i~xwj Awpjrd rjh|dkj lo~ ma ho wkohokon ~oedkdjl rjholdio la ejba hpboxd wdya jh ha~ax fdqoho wjm%ldio o ho ~oeje ~a`d la loyijhd9 ~xjco ~oej wakdid lopj%

hd deom wjm~ia,Xj ldma `dj ~k|om ~o ~xopde par`kdioeo= jwo po}eapowjmldio jhlj~ lo j~xoxoi qhd+ ijmo holo~ d}lj~d maholrpaeo ~xj+ xj hjò ma ejcko ho d}lj~d mahol rpaeo j~oe,

J~ldwo|d ~xopdf par`kdio xoij{a ~ po~rjhaqdwokd }a%eq, D xj ma `dkj hjwjqlj ho ~a ~xwjpd ejuol lopjh+ xm,hj`pj pa{alj hpyxwj, Xoij ma lo~xoko d hj`po wjm~io+

map ma ~woij deoj mahloi dlxapa~+ d xj wpkj wakdid+ ho `po%ld jxohb`dl,

? Pa| ma j rjrd~ j ijmae cjwjpd Hdjld~dma d} Fokdioplo~o isd}d D+01+ d ijmd ed d}ckaho d~xjwaxol ~o jlde j ijmae rdya lo ipom ~wjma ya~xaisdca ijmo ma lo~xoko ya~loa~x cjhdlo rj~ka rpjcjlo ipoqawo, &E,$

0 Ixa~dika+Oxalam+ isdco WD, &E,$


11/100

laxa loha j~womosa j~xoxio ~waxo dkd ~a d}kjbdxa jro~lj%~xd d wdhdxa ioij woe larpdmoxaq jxdeo }aeq ijm loe~ipoumaxa:

DW

?, J COKDEO 0, J RDPQ >, RJPA[ALMA D]EA[QIOPXOCDLA D PDEO 8, FOLD@OKJW POX

Pdeqold ~ wjhdkd rpdkd|ol `pjm poxjwo rpjxdw Coko,^kowjq`dwj~x+ rpa}dp rpaeo ~epxd+ |wp~xdlo wjqa+ `dkd ~rjhmahloid jò lopjho+ okd ma jpbma `dkj hpco|dma9 cok%~id yxdx `dj ma eokd o eo| ~ko`= ~xjco ma rpaeo sdeo wko%hoj jhlj~ cjxjwj ~kd|ol jlje ijmd ~ Yrolnd rj~kah%sde waijwdeo comdkd rpaeo Eai~diolndeo, O yxj ma rj%~a`lj d}lalo{mua ma~xa ho ~ ~a jwd lopjhd+ lo ijma ~Pdeqold lodko}dkd cjxjwj ~who d ~woij hjò+ mahol }ohpcde rparyxokd rpjrohos+ o ho ldioh ld~ rj}lokd+d~xpobdkd+ ~rpa|dkd }pji ~wjma }ka ij`d,

Rdp ma }opoxdj ~o Pdeqoldeo hjò ioh ~ jld `dkd

xj~xpij wauo,Ioh ~ ipoqawd Ocd~ d Ikajeal j|dkd ho ma ^ropxd

ea~xj hawax fdqoho cpo{olo ijkdij df ma `dkj Kdipcj%wj> hjò+ rpaj~xokj mjy ~waco ~ahoe ~xjxdlo+ jh |aco ma ma%hwo ~xjxdl rj~ahjwokj }aeq+8 hji ~ j~xoxoi |dldkd rko%yqdwnd+ rpah}akd ~ ho ~ xde wa}d ~rj~xowa }oijla1 ij%

md ~a xd| jwjc rpaheaxo+ ro ~ Koiahaejsold d}ljworj~xokd lomejuldmd d lomd}}axldmd ea{ ~wde Cpndeo,

Powljrpowlo po~rjhako }aeqa jejcudko ma Pde ho~a lomrpa d}òwd d} ~wjc rjldposo+ o xj ~a hj`pj j~axdkjioh ma rj~plj,

Pde ma `dj eoko par`kdio+ ioho ~ e Koxdld ~ipoxdkdwjml rjeju ijm ~ `dkd jòwa}ld ho rpba+ ro ma cpoh~oirqalj ha~ax kacdmo,7 Mahwo ~oirqalo Pde+ rpd%rjwaho Xdx Kdwdma+ ~waxdlo ~a ldma ejcko }o~xowdxd+ d xj ma`dkj ejcua xai rjyxj ~a rpah }dhdloeo d}laloho rjmowdj

larpdmoxaq= ~dcpol }loi ho ~a jryxa ld~ej eljbdkd d ho~ej ~oej wauokd po~ijy d `jcox~xwo ijmo lo~ po}mahom,Pandxa ed+ cjwjpdj ma Xdàpdma Cpof rkae~xw+3 ij

ma wpahld md+ cpo{oldl dkd hjbdwjxld pj`+ wjmldi dkd |jwaila~rj~jòl }o pox: Fjuaxa kd ho ~a }`jc deoso jh laij%kdij mxopo }aeqa wdya lacj ijh hpcdf cpo{olo+ jhpai%

02

> Jwd ~ ~a cpo{old lo}dwokd ^ropxolnd, Kdipc ma jhpahdj ho df mahawax fdkmoho+ o j~xokdf cpo{olo xpdha~ax fdqoho, Rjckahoxd Rkxopfo+Kdipcjw bdwjx, &E,$

8 Wdhaxd Rkxopfo+ Bdwjx Ocd~o d Ikajealo, &E,$1 Wdhaxd Rkxopfo+ d`dh, &E,$7 Xdx Kdwdma+ rpwj ha~axjisdbma+ isdco WDD, Xj ~a ha~dkj laij hjò

rj~ka roho Pdeo+ rjh ijl}k~xwje K, Gpdmo Ioedko d rj~ka D, F, Iko%hdmo Ipo~o, &E,$

3 Ordmol+ J cpo{ol~ije pox+ isdco D, &E,$

? Rdpjw pox ma Pdeqoldeo jxwjpdj j|d= rpjxdw xjkdij d~i~ljc larpd%moxaqo+ rj~xokd ~ eopqdwdmd d rpj~waualdmd lacj yxj ~ `dkd poldma, Lo%ykd ~ lo|dlo ho ~a }oyxdxa jh ~kjljwo ijmd ~ rpwde ~ij`deo la%kd lapah sdfjwa kacdma9 d} acowokd ~ powldna d xpobdkd rjcjhlo ea%~xo rpjxdw ijsdna ij m ~ }`jc xjco rpa}dpokd, Rjxje ~ lo|dkd horjhdb kjcjpa rj }jp lo Rdpo+ rjyxj ~ ~a hdwdkd rjpaxi d hj~xjmol%~xw sacjwdf xpro+ hji ma ijh sdf ~wa `dkj lapah &âlx%Awpa%ejl+ Po}edyqoso j hf pde~ijc lopjho po}kd|dxde po}hj`qdeoPar`kdia+ ckowo WD$,


12/100

{oldl hpbowa deo d lomwaud dlxapa~ ho df ~o|wo,^xopd j`d|omd+ d}wa~lo lowdilxj~x lo ~dpjeoyxwj+ pow%

ljxabdkd ~ `jcox~xwj Pde9 okd Iopxocdld rjmahdlnd ~`dkd `jcoxd ioj ipoqawd,

Jh hwa ~xpolia ijma ~ wkohoka Iopxocdld+ mahlo ma~xoklj bakako edp o hpco wai pox9 xoij ma `dkj laejcua

bdwoxd rpwje d `dxd ~rayol hpcje,Hji ma Pde pox j mahdsowoj ~wa dlxapa~a+ Iopxo%cdld df ma mjy wdya po}hwomoj,1

Q hpbowoeo ijmdeo rpowqo wkohokon+ po}hjpd ~a koij~edpm+ }oxj yxj ma sacjwde pioeo ~dko rpdlha ijmodf edpd9 okd par`kdioeo ~ jld xpomldmd+ map jwo lawjqoj`d|lj loroho ~oe wko~x ijmo `d df ejcko d~ijpaldxd,

Q Pde cha ~a rpowqokj rj }oijldeo+ lopjh ma rpa%r~xdj âlox wj{asa rj~kjwo, Q Iopxocdld ijmjm ~a wko%hokj }kjrjxpaòeo+ lopjh ma fxaj ho ~wde rpowqo ~oe,

Deulo Iopxocdlo wjhdko ma pox rpjxdw pde~ijc ~dpjeo%yxwo d xdea ma wau `dko lo}o{alo9 }koxj d ~pa`pj ~a d~np%rqm+ okd wpkdlo+ rjplj~x+ ~loco d ~dpjeoyxwj ldioho ~ala ejc d~xpjydxd,

Pdeqold ~ ~wjm oe`dndm ~xdnokd d} rjlj~o+ o Iopxo%cdsold d} la}omobqdwj~xd9 mahld ~ bakakd ho cj~rjhopa+hpcd ho ~xd|9 o jwd rjxjsd ~ poxjwokd a} qòwd+ larpa%~xolj po|lomud rpdfjha d d}hoxia,

D}c`qala `dxia+ ~eosdwosa lopjho+ ~ko`qasa xpcj%wdla+ d~nprqdwosa hpbowldf kocomld+ rj`lo ~~ahldf lo%pjho ejckd ~ ho Iopxocdl rpd~dka lo lomjyxpd ma ~kjwa

edpo, Lj Pde ~a ldioho ld ma wjhdj j~auosdeo hj`po d}ko= ~oej ma sacjwo ~kowo jhpa{dwoko hakjwosa+ o ioij~aà ldma ejcoj ho }oed~kd hpcjm kj}d d}}aw cj~rj%

0>

~xos ho e ~a jhrp d ho d}wi rjia d} sacjwdf rj%àho9 lo|dj df ma ioij ho ~a yol|a+ d}oàp ea~xj }o kj%cjpa d paha co9 lowdioj df ma lo ~kjljwa d rpdrpaedj }owakdio poxjwoso,?

Rdpjwo ~kowo jckaho ~a d~iq|dwj sacjwde kd|ldej~j`dloeo,0 Rkxopf loe rpdrjwaho ho ma `dj rpd~dqal lo

pox ~o Eoiahjldmje }oxj yxj ldma ejcoj ho d}hpbowo ya~xfdqoho rayoio d rax ~xjxdlo ijso,> Jwom wkohokon+ cj~rj%hop hpbowdna j ijmjm ~a rj~ka saco ldma |kj+ `dj ma r~xj%kjw ijmd ~a larpa~xolj ryxoj ljwa rjhfwoxa map à}sdf ldma ejcoj ho jr~xola,

Sacjwd ~owa}ldnd Xopaluold eljcjea ~ d}j`kd|dkdhpbow ~wjmdf rpahoio Koiahaejsolo,8 Ejcoj ma ho rj%~xdcla wakdia ~xwopd ~o ôelduoldeo+ okd ~ df Pdeqold~ijpj ldyxdkd,

Rjyxj ~a Iopxocdlo j`jcoxdko rpa Pdeo+ poldma ma }orj%

|akj d salj rpjrohosa9 xoij+ hji ~ Pde mowla ~k%bà ~xdnola ~oej lo j~ljw wpkdlo d hjlj~dka ~oej rj|o~xd po~xapauasa+ ~wa yxj ma hpbowo ejcko ho rpbd rjmahdln Iopxocdld rpjhowokj ~a o ~woio |dsalo ~kco hpbowd`dko ma d~rkoualo,

Xdpoldmo wkohojno la pyd hpbow wdya lacj yxj powlj%hylj~x rpaeo jryxae hj`p rjhpdwo par`kdi, Rpah%lj~x ~kj`jhla hpbowa ma xjea yxj ~a sjm `jqa rpo%wqo rpdfjhdeo, O yxo oij ~a d xj kjydma |dld: Rpahlj~x ~kj%`jhla hpbowa ma xjea ho laeo rjwkoyualdf, Oij xj ld%

ma ~k|om+ ro ea~xj wkohoj|awdf rpdmoxaqo d pjhdxaqo `j%

cox~xwj ~xd| rpdmoxaqd d pjhdxaqd ~wdf jldf ijmd |a~xwm wko~xd+ ~wa ma d}c`qalj9 }oijld ~a ipya jro~ldma lacj yxjdf co}d wkohokon+ ijmd ~ j`}dpje lo xj ho ma lomwobldmd cpo%

00

0 Wdhaxd jhkjeoi d} isdca D+ jh Hdjlo+ Jhkjei j wpkdloeo drjpjndeo, &E,$

> Rdpjw bdwjx, &E,$8 M~xdl+ isdco , &E,$

1 Foldòkjwj rpd~~xwj ma rpaidlkj ~wa rjhaka ea{ Pdeqoldeo9okd ^ndrdjljwj rpd~~xwj ma }ojyxpdkj wau rj~xjmaua rjhaka ea{ Iop%xocdsoldeo9 jlj ma kdydkj wkoh rpaj~xoka ejud9 wjm~ijwj{a+ alox+ wa%kdioyd rj~xokd ~ lopjh ~esdwd md+ o ~oe lopjh mjy jà~ld md, Wdhaxdijh Ordmolo j |dxowje pox ^ndrdjlo Rpwjc, &E,$


13/100

waudf ipoqawo xj ma `dko rjkdxdio ij mo ma jwaijwa|dkosdfjw ~dk,

Rpdkdia lo hjeouae xapal }o Iopxocdl `dka ~ la~d%cpldma lacj Pde, Jwd rjxjsd ~ jij ~aà deokd xpdha~axijkjldmo ijma ~ hakjwoka rjrx xwp{aso,4 Rpa `dxia ijhIola+ ldma df d}lawapdj ldmahol ~owa}ldi9 oelduold d j~xokd

lopjhd Dxokdma `dkd ~ lowdilxd lo sdfjwj rpadeu~xwj,Ioij ma waudlo cpohjwo Ogpdnd `dko ~ko`j xwp{alo+

rpahowokd `d ~a ~ea~xo j~womo| ijmd `d ~a rjmowdj, Xoij~ ~wd ijmd ~ ~a xoej d~ipnokd+ Ocoxjika+ Pack+ ^ndrdjl+~ea~xo ònokd Iopxocdl j|omosa,

Lawjqa ij ma ~ jrfpwoka Iopxocdsola+ xjije poxoijmd ma rpjxdw sdf wjhdj ndrdjl Rpwd+ ejc ~a rpdrd~oxd d~%iq|dwj kjyjm wko~xd= cpoh d wjm~io ~ |oi ckohjwokd+ hji ~Pdeqold ~waco deokd d}j`dq,?2

Q Iopxocdld+ wjm~io ijmo ma `dko rjpobalo+ rj~xomoko ma

mjy }kjuhld mo= rjlaioh ~ po}ordsokd lo ip~xjwa ~wjmawjm~ijwj{a d iobsowokd df }`jc ~jr~xwala rkoyqdwj~xd, QPde+ ijl}k ma d}hwomoj |axa ijma ~ ~a po}àboka d rj%ljwj df wjhdj rpjxdw larpdmoxaqo,

Wkohowdlo Iopxocdsolo `dko ma wajeo jipxlo=?? xjkd%ij ~ ba~xjij e|dkd lopjha Yroldma ho ~ Pdeqold xoejhj|aiold ioj j~kj`jhdjnd, D ijkdij deoej wdh jcpj%ela ~wjxa }o rjhpyi poxjwos ijmae ~ xprakd rjpo%}a+ wdhauaej ho ma larpowho p{owo wjhdqo d ho |oi la d~%

01

hopo+ ldioiwj j|aidwosa dkd ~xpof ld~ ejckd ho co jòwa%b lo ~ikorosa edpo ijmd ~oe ldma loeaxlj,

Laeo ld|ac ejuldmac jh par`kdia ijmjm ~a }oij%ld rjyxm ioj yxj ma `dj ~k|om Pde d }aeqd Koiaha %ejsolo+ la d} ~xpofo+ la d} po}eo+ wau d} ~xpo~xd, Xdea

ma ~wo ~loco rjmahdla cpra wa}olo }o ehpj~x hj`pa

wkohowdla,Iopxocdsold ~ ijpd~xdkd ~xpola xpra hji ~ Pdeqold

rjxpa`qowokd wko~xdxa,7 Ioij ~ jwd hpcd rjpobala wai~eoxpokd ~oej ioj ~pah~xwj ijma ua rj~kbdxd `huderjàhoeo+ jld ~ wjm~i rpdeokd ~wa qha ijma `d rj%ijpdkd+ d yxj ma wdya eio d}d~idwoko rjàho loh sdeo+ xj%kdij ~ df ~eoxpokd rjcjhldmdeo }o iq|dwosa ~wjm pa%r`kdi, Xoij wdhdej ioij ~ ôelduold+ rjijpald xairj~ka hwoha~ax |axdpd rjàha+3 rj~xokd j~kjlon Pdeqolo olaij wpaea rj~ka Hpcjc rl~ijc poxo d}wikd ~ jh sdf

d sdfjwdf ~owa}ldio+ }aeqd ijmo ldma `dko wauo jh ror%~ia hpbowa d Lorqo+ ~ahoe~xj fdqoho rayoio d ~ahoeha%~ax fdqoho ijso |dea ~ ~a ~rpjx~xowdkd Cokdeo,6

Lo wpfln Hpcjc rl~ijc poxo+ Pde ma wai deoj ~xpjm hwoha~ax hwa hj hwoha~ax |axdpd kacdma9 droi+ rpa%eo Kdwdm+ rjrd~ ma rjio}dwoj ~waco ~xj xpdha~ax ~ahoe fd%qoho cpo{olo,

Iopxocdlo ma ijpd~xdko hjhoxla ~loca pohd loroho+Pde pohd jh`pola9 jwd hpcd ~+ ioj yxj ~ej rpowj pa%ikd+ lojpbokd jcpjeol `pjm qhd rpjxdw Coko d Foldòkoijmd ~ df lorohokd+ o rj~kokd ~waco hwa kacdma rpjxdw lom%

08

7 Iopxocdlo ma ~o}holo lo xpcjwdld o Pde lo jpbm+ rpwo ma ijpd~xd%ko ~xpolna }o ~wjma poxjwa o cpo{ola }o rj~oj9 hpco ~a ijpd~xdko cpo%{oldeo d} |dxowjc ~waxo o ~wj ma cpo{ola }deoko }o wjmldia, &âlx%Awpaejl$

3 Gkjp+ isdco D, &E,$6 Wdhaxd Rjkd`dmo, Gkjpjw rjrd~ lowjhd ho ~ ~oirdkd xpd~xo fdqoho

qhd cpoh d ea{ Koxdldeo, &E,$

4

Xdx Kdwdma+ isdco WDD, &E,$ Jwa ijkjldma+ ~rj~xowqala lo~wde ~xpoloeo Nop~xwo+ hjwaka ~ hj hwa }ohdwqmua rjmowa= rpwj+rpo}ldka ~ cpoh jh rpaijeapljc `pj mo cpo{olo d waudla ~dpjeofo+hpcj+ ~o|woka ~ ckowlo ea~xo d rj~xaralj lowdiowoka x{dl~ia lo%pjha lo pde~ia j`d|oma, &@j~a+ Po~rpowo j jryxjm d~xjpdmd+ DDD+ 7$,

?2 Wdhaxd Ordmolo+ kd`, Kd`n~, &E,$?? Wdhaxd yxo Rjkd`d ma ioba j jwde rjc`qasdeo+ rj~a`lj jh%

kjei D isdca+ Jhkjeoi j wpkdloeo d rjpjndeo, &E,$?0 Wopdmolxo= hj`pj ua ~a ~fwoxdxd ho ma larpowho kjy ~kco d ho |oi

la d~rsowo ld jlj yxj jàuo, &D}hosa d} ?3>8, cjhdla$,


14/100

Ioij ~xopd lopjhd ld~ deokd `~jk+ ejckd ~ ho rkjwa~oej hb jòko9 j~de xjco ijpd~xdkd ~ ~oej eoka d rkdxiako{a ~o wa~kdeo+ d rpd~xomokd lo cjxjwj ~woije j~xpwnax9wayxdlo ejparkjwono `dko ma wajeo jcpold|alo+ o sdfjwjeolawpd~osa ~o~wde la}loxlj, \oi ma d Opd~xjxak cjwj%pdj?1 ho ma à~ijpd~lj hpboxd ejplopdn d ho ~ }o xj hj%

wjqld xabond,Wayxdlo rkjwdhà `dko ma xjkdij la~owpyalo ho ~a ld} rjeju fdqoho wa~oko ldma rj~xd}okj jlj yxj ~a holo~|dld ~o ~xjxdloi,?7

Wakdid `pjhjwd `dkd ~ larjcjhld+ rjyxj }`jc xayijuo ipaxos rj~oho ldma `dko ~xos ho d}wpyd lajrfjhla}ojipaxa, Olxjldma ma lo sdeo hjbdwaj rjpobowomua d~%i~xwj ijh Oindmeo=?3 sacjwa ko{a ld~ ejcka ho ~a eoi%l+ hji ~ df eljcj koiya Owc~xjwa yomia lorohoka ~o~wdf ~xpolo,

Ioij ~ ~xopa ko{a `dka lo wa~ko+ xj ~ jla lomkoiyaea{ sdeo ~o koijuje po}`dmoka waua ijma ~ xj wpaea`dka ~oej larjipaxla ~rpowa ioj loyd holoysd `pjhjwdà} mop`jko,

Jxipduae `~jka easom ~a rpdkdia9 jhònm ~a wa%~ko+?6 hoqowo ~a jh jòka+ cpoha ~a wakdia ko{a9 `pjhjwd~ rj~xokd ~kjbaldmd o mahpasa ma ~owpyalj,

Rpjloko}oi òpxo hjwaj ma hj laj|aidwola ~xwopd9~loco ejplopdna ma wdya lacj dioh rj|dwoko lo wayxdld `pj%hjcpohsa= ho `d ~a jhjkakj ~dkd xjrjwo d lohejuld mjm wo%xpaljm ~lo}d+ dka ~ lajrfjhla wakdia ko{a9 lj wayxdlo ej%

03

rsowo ld ~wjm ~wpf,?0J~ldwosa Okai~olhpd ma rpdkd|lj ma eosdkj xpcjwdl

Iopxocdla, Q rpwj wpaea+ ~mawapma ma rpoixd|lj rpjxapokj~xpolna d} Acdrxo+ o ioh ~ co Rap~dmolnd j~wjmdkd+ po}edyqo%kd ~ ~oej j xjea ioij ho j~koà ~wjma ljwa rjholdia,Lj+ rjh cp|ide ipoqawdeo+ Acdrox ma xpcjwoj ~o cjxjwj |d%

xowde ~waxje+ o xpcjwdlo Iopxocdld ma rj|ako ho }oedpa,Xpcjwo|ia ejud ejc hcj wpaealo ho ~a jhpbowom j~pahsj~xd9 okd sdfjwo wakd|dlo ma ipoxijc waio, Rjkoij~a }hdb o ho xj ldij d la rpdeauma= }oxj yxj la rjwko|aldmahol rjxa} ijmd ua d}o}woxd ì dkd io}oxd lo sdfjweju, Ioh ~xwopd hj{ hj xo|ia lo ijmjm rj~xom wdhqdwa+~woij lo~xjmd ho xom lopjh kdyd rpahlj~xd ijm ma xoijpaud~xaioj d}laloho,

Iopxocdl~io ijsdno ma `dko lohejuld mo jh pde~ia d}hwo po}kjco= rpwj+ }oxj yxj ~ ledhdm~id d yrol~id ijsd

`dkd `jqd jh dxokdmol~idf+ d+ hpcj+ }oxj yxj ma pde~io ijsd%no `dko ~ko`j lojpbolo= xai poxjwdeo ijma ~ Pdeqoldwjhdkd Cp|ijm+ rpjeasal ma jwom wdh poxjwoso+ ioijhj}lomaej jh Rjkd`dmo,?>

Q Rpwje rl~ije pox+ Pack ma `dj rjpobal |de ~Iopxocdsold jho`pokd powldn ioij `d ~a ~rpjx~xowdkd~wjmje ijsdnje+ o Hpcje+ Foldòk ~wjmde ledhdm%~ide ijsdeo hcma }loealdxa rjàha,?8

Rjyxj ma ndrdjl j~wjmdj Yroldm d ~ikjrdj ~owa} ~o Eo%~dld~je+ rpajxaj ma jh Iopxocdsolo jw rpaeju9 led%hdm~io ijsdno ma hj`dko `dxi ijh ]oea d jijl|oko pox,

Iopxocdsold ~ `dkd d~i~ldmd lo ejp d eakd ~ ho `j%qa eolawpdy lacj Pdeqold9 okd ed ~a |dld ho xo rpahlj~xxoho ldma `dko xjkdij wakdio ijkdij `d }lo|dko holo~,

07

?> Isdco WD, &E,$?8 \dxowo jhpahd Led{olo rpaykd ~ i Pdeqoldeo ijmd ~ xai jl%

ho jhoflkd, &E,$

?1 Rjkdxdio+ isdco WDD+ ckowo WD, &E,$?7 Wdhaxd yxo ioba Rapj j wa~kdeo ~xopdf lopjho, Jckah j gd}dnd+ lo%

~kjw >+ Eafoldio bdwjxdso, &E,$?3 D~xo ~a ~xwop rjljwdko `dnd ijh ôkoedla, &Rkxopf+ Bdwjx Xaed%

~xjiko$ D~xjpdmo ma rlo ~kd|ldf |dsaldno, &E,$?6 Lo j~ljw |aco ejbaej ~hdxd j la~owpyalj~xd ejplopdna ijh

~xopdf lopjho+ rjyxj ~ej jhòndkd j`d|om ij mae ~ej ~xaikd xjkdirpaeju loh sdeo, &E,$


15/100

{o+ okd jl ldma ejkdj }o edp, Po}kjc xjea ma yxj ~a âlox ld%ma jhpdnoj ~xopdf lo|ako9 rpacjwopoj ma ~o Foldòkje ioj dpoldma ~o Rdpje ijea ld~ hokd edpo ~wa hji ~a loko}dj loxk Dxokd ma, O ijh Hdjld~d mo d} Fokdioplo~o0? loko}de ho maâlox+ xjije rpacjwjpo ~o Ijpdjkolje+ j mowdj ioij la%ua rpaipydxd ~xopa j`d|o ma9 ioij pde~id lopjh la ejba ho

~ikjrd edp hji ma larpdmoxaq lo sacjwje xk+ okd ho ua ~a+ijkdij ~a Wjk~nd rjwi+ sdfjwde }ofxawdeo hjwjqdxd,Pde ma ~ro~al ~locje ~wj mdf ~xoljwo, Rj~ka `dxia

ijh Iola+ baloeo wdya ldma `dkj hjryxalj ld ho rpjkd%wom ~}a9 âlox ma jh`dj ho jxird }opj`qaldia d rj%~koj ma ahla j~xoxia wjm~ia pox lo ^dndkdm+ a} lohji%loha d a} poxldf rj|o~xd ~wa hji Foldòk la ha rpjc%lol d} Dxokdma,00

^ hpca ~xpola+ ijl}k Xapalnd ma Wopjl ~poelj marjàcoj Wal}dm, Xom |jwai lomldbac pjho ijl}k%~xwj ma wahal ~oej ho `d rjld}dj rkae~xwj, Lj âloxldma bakaj ho rpj~kowd jwom bokj~xol xpdmeg9 wdhaj ma ij%kdij ma xjm rpdkdnd `dkj lajrfjhlj ~xaud rjwapasa lopj%ho9 hj|aioj ma Wopjlo d }ofwokdj e yxj ldma òndj Pa%r`kdi j|omosa,0>

^xwopld c`dxoi laijm `dnd &hoika laijkdij fdqohoqhd$+ bo~ol ma rj hpbow+ okd xabd ma deocdlopld c`dxoid jà~fpo`pasa ijma ma kdyowo ~oedf ~loco ijma mjm ma ~h%`dlo mjy j~xowdko,

04

parkjw~xwo ejpoko ma `dxd ~po}eaplo wakdide `pjhjwdeo,Lachoysa eoka ko{a d}laloho `d ~a ~hopdka o wjmldnd

lo jà ~xpola ~ ~a ryxokd `jp`9 lo `pjhjwa ma ipno%wolo |dxowo ijrlalo wjm~io= rjejp~ijm `dxid ij m ~hj`dkd Pack d sacjw hpc+ ~xj xpdha~ax fdqoho Pdeqolo`jpdkj ~a rpjxdw ~xj raha~ax fdqoho Iopxocdsolo, Q xj hj%

ò+ wjmldnd ~ }lo|dkd eljcj o ejplopd eokj= holo~ ~ wjm%ldnd la`dxld dkd jh eokjc }lo|omo+ o ejplopd eljcj wpaha,Rjàho ijl}ko Hdkd mo wdhlj ma d~xoiko jw po}kdi9

Pdeqold ld~ rj}lowokd ejparkjw~xwj, Mahlo iopxocd%sol~io cokdmo }okxoko ma lo sdfjw jòk+ o jld ~ ~a rj%~kbdkd jwde }jpije ho `d d ~oed ~ocpohdkd ~jr~xwala pj%hjwa, ]o xpd ea~ano+ rjhdclxo ~ mahpo+ gkjxo ma ~ocpo{a%lo+ jrpaeqalo+ rjpdlxo+ d ~ijpj ~a ~rpjx~xowdko iopxo%cdsol~ijm ejplopdnd d rjàhdko ma,

Holo~ ma mahwo hjwjqol qh~id wai ho `d wkohokon ~o %cpohdj gkjx ~rj~j`l ho ~a rjmowd rpah ~dkje ij mo wau

cj~rjhopd ejp~ide nop~xwje9 xj ma ejbho mahdlo ~xwopijmo ~a la ejba irdxd ljwnae, D oij laije wkohojn loya hjò xj rj{a }o pije+?4 d~i~xwj rjio} ma ho uahpcd xj rpa rpdfwoxdxd ioj rpdeap ij mae ~a xpa o hdwdxdlacj co ~kahdxd,02

Hpcd rl~id pox ma xjkdij |wal ho co ~wd rj}lom,Ioh ~a hj`pj rpj|a `pjmla rparpaia ijma ~ ~a rj~xowd%ka rpah Foldòkje+ o ijma ma xom d}}axld |jwai ~wa jh pa%ho ~owkohoj+ rpah loeo ~a io} ma lomkaryd rpd}jp ijmdloe rpbo ~xopd wai,

Pde ma `dj |hj rj~xjmolj~xd, Rj~ka lawjqo ijh Xdndla+Xpa`dma d lo Xpo}deal~ije ma}ap+ rj~ka mjy bo~ldmac rj%po}o ijh Iola+ cjxjwj ~wd lopjhd Dxokdma jipalkd ~ e ka%

06

?4 Km DW, &E,$02 Yroldmo d Ej~ijw~io ilabawdlo, &E,$ Gdkdr W jh Yroldma d Raxop

Wakdid ld~ ~rakd ~wje lo~xjmolm+ rpwd ho j`ljwd lmacjw gkjx+ ohpcd ho ma ~oe d}cpohd,

0? Pde~ia ~xopdla+ isdco WDDD, &E,$

00

Rj~ka `dxia ijh Iola+ ijmjm `d ~woio hpco hpbowo rjikaiko}kjm ~h`dld+ lopjh ldma `dkj ldioiwdf }loijwo ~ko`j~xd+ |oi ld po}%edyqoso j `dkj |ae hpcje d}}aw hj`p Par`kdia, ^wo lopa{a%so+ ~wd |dljwd+ ~wo }woso hj`pjwjqlj ~ rjhaqalo= `dko ma |o~x }ohp%boxd eoso o ~poejxo |woxd wdyo, &âlx%Awpaejl$

0> âlox ~a lo xjea mowlj }ofwokdj+ d xj jlho ioh ma+ rpaeo ~xopdeeoi~deoeo+ jhk|alj ho ~a xje bokj~lje ~xos la |ma ld }o io%iow edpjwld rpahkjc, Larpdmoxaq ma `dj }o|{al9 lopjh ma rjwpoxdj~eakj~x d rjwapjwoj ho deo ~pah~xowo j ijmdeo ma âlox wjhdj po|lod} jrpa}lj~xd, &@j~a+ Po~rpowo j jryxjm d~xjpdmd+ DDD+ 7$


16/100

ho ~rj~xowd copld}jla cpohjwdeo+ `pold ~owa}ldia+ wj%hd jr~oha dkd df ~rpa|owo+ sacjwa ~loca rjio}oka ~ ~a~koòylde+ ro ma wakdid haj sacjwa wjm~ia po~nariol, Ko%ij ma j~womoxd map ~a j~womo ~wde ~dkoeo+ okd ma xayij ~o|%woxd j~wjmalj+ map ~a `pold ~oej hakje ~wjmdf ~loco,

W

J ^XOLMQ Q CP\IJM+ EOIAHJLDMD+ ^DPDMDD ACDRXQ RJ^KA RJLDBALMO IOPXOCDLMOLO

Ed~kde ho Foldòk ldma `dj ~ikjl hfjwdxde jro~io%eo d ho ma mjy eosa rjfwoklj cjwjpdj j Go`dm d Eopna%k lo ~wjm yxax, ô boqasae jroboe ho Xdx Kdwdma jò%~dro nwauae jwa cjpj~xo~a ~xopjc waio9 wjkaj `df ho marjrx Fjeapo eaj ho d}àcla j`jbowosa d jloij hj%`pj df rpdioba ~xwoplj~xd,

J~de xjco+ xpaòkj ma ho cjwjpd ijmd ~ rpdhowold Fo%ldòk `h po}`jpdxd md, Ioho+ ~o}lowyd }o rjpo} ~wjco`poxo+ rpd}loma ho wdhd rpjro~x Iopxocdla+ la }loe ldyxorjcjhldma ho ònd j|omosa lopjh ijmd e ~a rpar~xdj djà~fpo`pd wjm~i ijmo j|aima wakdia locpoha rj~ka poxo,

Ioij ~ ~a Iopxocdsoldeo Yroldmd+ lo dndkdmd+ ophd%ldmd ~rpjx~xowqoka ~oej rjàhld|ia wjm~ia+ Foldòk |dmd~ ~a larpdmoxaqd à} rpa~xolio xwp{dwokd+ `dj ma rpd~dqallo jh`poeàld pox, Xj ma Pdeqola rjh~xoikj ho pox rpa%la~ Ogpdi9 ^ndrdjl ~a xoej d~ipnoj+ xoejysd ~ra~drpdejpokd ~ Iopxocdsola ho d} Dxokd ma rj}jw Foldòkoijmd ma rkoioj jh bokj~xd rpahomud Pdeqoldeo }aeq loijmjm df ma xjkdij rxo rjàhdj,

Rj~xjma ~xwopd ijma ~wd rjlowqom }oxj yxj ~ mahljed}pa|ala, Paikj `d ~a ho ma Foldòk rj|dldj larjrpowqd%w cpayi map ldma ipalj jr~oh Pdeo rj~ka `dxia ijhIola, D~xdlo ma ho ma Pde wkohoj d}}axol laedp okd ma}`salj~x poxj`jpljc lopjho ijmo ~a cjxjwj wai rpaj%`pouo fpo`pj~x po}kd|dxo lacj ijh j`d|la pqa ijmo j~a%

uo ~oej ~wjm ~ko`j~x, Hjio} ho Foldòk la `d ~raj ma%~xa ho ~ Pdeqold d hoqa ~kokd rjeju lo ~wa ~xpola,Hoqa ~a xwphd ho ma Foldòk rj|dldj wakdi cpayi }o%

xj yxj ma ~wjm wjm~i rjwaj Ior+ cha ma j~ko`qalo+okd ~a la wjhd po|lo j rpowje }pji, Wjmldnd ~ ~a rj%~ka ~dkldf rjàho j`jcoxdkd d chacjh `d ipalkd lodykd `d loIor, Q ~kd|ljm rpdkdnd+ Okai~olhop ij md ma }orjwahoj~jr~xwalde rjholdndeo+ rj~kbdj ~a rpahljyu ijm Fo%ldòk ld ma deoj ~o ~wj mde rkouald|ide |axoeo9 ~rokdj ma~ow rpxqoc ~wjmdf wjmldio d ~wo sdfjwo d ~wjmo `jcox~xwo,Iob ho ma rj~ka j~womoso Dlhdma+ Ikd%iol ~woije wjm%ldi j~xowdj ~oej ~xj prdmo,08

O rpowj ~ Foldòkjwo j~womoso rpjealdko poxl~pau, Q Dxokdm co ld~ rj~kokd iopxocdsol~id eocd~xpoxd+rpdedj ma ~o~wde eokj rjejud yxj d} q`jejpa mahldf yxjd} rpawakdijc rjwapaso hpcdf, Hji ma ~wjm wjm~i hp%boj lo jir+ rjà{dwoj ma Pdeqola+ okd ioh ma xpaòkj

>2

08 Rjwa~x sacjwjc bdwjxo+ Ropd}+ ?380+ ~xp, 820, &E,$


17/100

Q xj wpaea lo D~xji ~ rj~xjmoka ~oej |axdpd ~dka ij% ma ~ `dka ~rj~j`la ho ~a jhrp Pdeqoldeo= Cp|io dipoqaw~xwo Eoiahjldma+ ^dpd ma d Acdrxo, Rjckahomej io%iwj ma `dkj ~xosa hwa rpwa ~dka+ }oxj yxj ~ Pdeqold rj %|akd ~o sdfjwde rjijpowosae,

Q Cp|ijm ~ bdwako xpd wauo lopjho= Axjknd+ Ofomnd d

@ajuold9 xj ~ `dkd ~owa}d ~kj`jhldf cpohjwo ijmd ~ deo%kd }omahld|ia ~iryxdla d eocd~xpoxa, Axjknd ~ `dkd poxj%`jpld+ |wp~xd+ à}j`}dpld+ rjfkarld }o rkalje d hpbokd ~~oej hj ~wj mdf pa|d d }oikaxwd9 ipoxij+ poxjwokd ~ loijrl rjrx ejp~idf c~opo, Ofomna ~ larpa~xolj }%laedpowokd la}cjhld ~~ahd dkd `poldjnd,0 @ajuold+ lomxpj%edmd ea{ Cpndeo+ lomeosa ~ ~a òwdkd mowlde rj~kjwd%eo= wj{ald d~iq|dwj xpalxlde j~auosae }o hj`pj d}kj+ ld~ deokd hjwjqlj hfo ho d df cjwjpldnd ejckd xpj%lxd d+ yxj ma rj~a`lj laj`d|lj+ sdfjwo par`kdio jr~xo%

moko ma ~oejm olopfdmd,>

Rj~xjm`dlo Koiahaejsolo ma j|woko ~wjm eju+ jh%lj~lj jlom poxj`jpld hf ij md ~ mjm hoka Kdipcjwa~xoljwa, Xa~oknd ~ lai pi `dkd rjx|dsald Eoia%hjlndeo, Dkdp~id ipoqawd ~ wau `dkd hj ipomo rjx|ald jhPdeqolo, Oioplolnd d Oxoeold }o}wpox ~ `dkd rjà{a%ld jh Eoiahjld ma d Axjkd ma, @a} ~jr~xwaldf ~loco d à}~owa}ldio+8 Oxdsold ~ }ohdwqdwokd ~wax mjy ~oej ko ~io%sae ipoqawdeo, O xpd`dlo ~o ijma ~a j`pouoj Haej~xal+rjhd }olo ma ~oej pohd j mowa lomiiowd|id mdf d lom~po%

>>

^wa yxj wakdid hpbowldi d wakdid wjm~ijwj{o ejba ho|dld+ Foldòk ma |dldj ho `d ~ro~dj ~wjm jxohb`dl, La~rawyd ho rpdejpo ^ndrdjlo lo ~ikorosa edpo+ r~xdj~a `dxi ijmjm ~a |dldkj ho Gjpxlo ~o }ohjwjq~xwje~mahds ma sacjw ~rj~j`lj~x+ d~i~xwj d }hpow po}e,Iopxocdlo ma d}`jpdko edp okd la jh larpdmoxaqo wau jh cj%

~rjhopo= jòwa}oko ~a lo rkouosa ha~ax fdqoho xokaloxolo pji jh raha~ax cjhdlo+ lo howosa xokono+ rpahom ~wj % mdf `pjhjwo d ~kjljwo+ ho laua poxjwoxd à} ~ocko~lj~xdpde~ijc lopjho d+ ho `d ~xoklj `dko rjldbas+ wauolo

ma eju Eo~dld~a+ saljc wa|ljc larpdmoxaqo,Rj~ka rjldbaso Iopxocdsolo+ Pde ma wjhdj cjxjwj d~%

iq|dwj eoka poxjwa d jhlj~dj wakdia rjàha+ }o po}kdi jhpoldmac wpaealo ioh ma deoj eoka rjàha d wakdia poxjwa,

Q xj hjò ioj ho ~ rj~xjmoko hwo po}hwjmalo ~waxo= mahlje ~ ~a `jpdkd Iopxocdsold d Pdeqold+ hpcd ma `dj rjxpa~deo lo~xokde }`jc ~wo{o ijma ~ xpomoka jh Okai%~olhpjwa ~epxd9 xoej ~a ldma ld po}edyqokj j jljea yxj ~ahayowo lo ]oroh+? eoho ma Gdkdr+ ipoq Eoiahjldma+~ikjrdj ~rjpo}e ~o Foldòkje+ jl ma rpoixd|lj j~xojà} rj~kahdno, O jwom wkohop+ ijmd ma Iopxocdsoldeo rp%bdj ~oej ~ko` rjeju+ rpaeo Pdeqoldeo rjio}oj ma ~o %ej à~ijpd~l eokjhylj~x,

Ioh wdhdej ioij hwo wakdio lopjho ea{~j`lj hcjd rjplj pox m+ |a~xj ~a rjcpaylj ed~kd ho ma ejcuaj~xoxd laed rj~eoxpo|= }oxj yxj jlom jh hwo lopjho ijmdrj~xola rjàhldi+ ~ea~xo rpah}deo ljwa poxjwa+ xa wjm%

ld|id lopjh rjpobowo lopjh cpo{olo,Xj ma jlj hjò d}ckahokj mo~lj= xai yxj ~ rjijpdkdIopxocdsola+ Pdeqold ~ lorokd hpca lopjha d rjmowqd%wokd ~a ~who la `d kd j~wjmdkd d ~wa hpca }aeqa,

>0

0

Wopdmolxo= @ajuold+ lomxpjedmd ea{ ~wde Cpndeo+ okd d lomehpd%md+ bdwakd ~ j`d|lj edp+ d~iq|dwj wj{ald j~auosae }o hj`pj d }kj9ld~ deokd hjwjqlj hfo ho `d df cjwjpldnd ejckd xpjlxd d ~oipdxd ded~xdl~ia dlxapa~a, &D}hosa d} ?3>8, cjhdla$

> Ho `d hjwjqdkd eljyxw+ j`ko~xd wdya ld~ jxwopoka ~hjwa9 ed%pud ~ }owayxowokd ~wjmde rpdmoxaqdeo dejwdl ho `d ~a jlo rjxpa`d%ko }o cj}à, Wdhaxd jhkjeoi d} hwoha~axa Rjkd`dmawa isdca+ Jhkje%i j wpkdloeo d rjpjndeo, &E,$

8 Ld~ `dkd ld ioiwje ~owa} ~o hpcde lopjhdeo Cp|ia, &Rjkd%`dma+ isdco WDDD$ &E,$

? D}lalo{ma+ ioj yxj ~wjmjm isd}d rpjxdw Ordjlo rpdeauma Gko%wdma &Mj~, njlxpo Or, D+ 8$+ ho ld Fapjhjx ld Xidhdh ldioho ld~ ~rj%ealkd Pdeqola doij ~ jwd wjhdkd xjkdia wakdia poxjwa, &E,$


18/100

xpalxi rpbom kd|lj mae~xwj,Gdkdr ij md ma lo rj|axi ~wjma wkohowdla eapaljyu

}ohj`dj qòw d rjwapasa Cpio+ d}laloho ~a rpjealdj=rj~xoj ma jipxld xdpoldl hjò ioh ~ rjkdxdio d oe`dnd%

ma7 ejpokd ho co |dla rpowahlde, Wdhaj ma+ hjhya d} ho %qdla+ Iopxocdsola d Pdeqola |dmo ma ~loco `dko jcpjelo9

jijl|oj ma pox ijpd~x ~wjmdf ~owa}ldio d rjedpdj ~a ~oAxjkndeo, Rpdpjhlj `d `dkj ho ma rjedyqoj lo mahdsasa|dxowa Cp|ia rjh ~wjmje wkoyu ioij `d ~rpa|dj ~xpolnaho ~a sjm lo~xola9 okd+ ea~xj xjco+ dpdxdpoj m ma eokde}prondmoeo d }oòwqoj ~a po~rpowoeo j }okhlde ~xwo%pdeo hji ~a pohdkj j sacjwje jr~xoli+ xpd dkd |axdpd oi%ndma ma rj~xoj jh`jmol d rpa}pal jh ~wdf Cpio,

Axjknd ~ `dkd lomwdya po}mopald+ o Pdeqold+ cpo`dwydrpdkdi }o j~waxje dkd khjyu+ ~ikjrdkd ~ ~o sdeo ~owa}+ykd Cp|i d lojpbokd ma rpjxdw Gdkdro,

Wkohokon ma `dj rjpobal `dxid ijh Idlj~iagoka o rj%

àho ma hakded|lj d}wjmawolo }ofwoqmud jhwoblj~xdAxjkono, @dj ma xjkdij }orosal ho ma rpd~xoj lo ~rjpo}eijmd ma wdya kd|dj lo loryxosa ~jr~xwaldf ~loco lacj loedp9 rjwioj ma copld}jla d} |dxowa Cp|ia+ rpahoj ~wjma`pjhjwa d jòwa}oj ~a lo rkouosa fdqoh xokaloxo lo pjijh ha~ax cjhdlo,

^wj mje j d|omalje jyxpjeljyu+ Rjkd`d ma rjpahd

>1

ejxldmdf lopah`d,Dlo|a+ Cp|io ma `dko d}}axlo }`jc ~wjc rjkjbomo+ ~lo%

ca+ eljyxwo cpohjwo+ `pjmo ~wjmdf wjmldio+ rjkdxdia+ j`d %|omo+ }oijlo= wjkako ma pox+ rj}lowoko ma wayxdl poxjwosod+ ho ma `dko mahdsalo+ `dko `d larjàhdwo,

@dko ma }oxa|alo lorohdeo Gdkdro Rpwjc+ Okai~olhpo d

Olxdroxpo+ okd la d rjx|dsalo+ okd ipoqawd Eoiahjldma ij% md ld~ ejckd ho ~a jhk|a d jhpail ~a ~wjmdf }ofxawo dj|aidwoso+ rjplj ~ pohdkd lo salje rjpj`qowos,

Eoiahjldmo ma `dko ~ijpj jipbalo larpjfjhlde rko%ldloeo9 xoejyso rkaealo `dko ~ wajeo wd|lo poxjwo%s+ fpo`po+ rj~kylo+ eopqdwo+ laejplo+ d ~woioij ~jwo ~wjm~xwo rpdedko jh rjhla`qo+ map ~ d holo~ qhd d}jwdf rpahako lom`jqd wjmldnd Xp~ijc nop~xwo,

Cp|io ma jr~xomoko d}wa~ljm powljxabd= Koiahaej%sold+ rj rpowdk+ `dkd ~ ~owa}ldnd Axjkono+ o Eoiahjlnd~owa}ldnd Ofomono9 lj+ hjko~ije Pdeqolo+ jwo powljxa%bo ma `dko po}`dmalo,

Ioij ipoqawd Eoiahjld ma ld~ ejckd ho hpba wakdiaxpra+1 d lomeosd rjpo} hjlj~dj ma xayia rj~kahdna, Dlo|a+~o eije ~ ~a ydpdkd+ map sdfjwa loeapa ld~ j~xoka la%rj}loxa+ lo sdfjwa rjipaxa ~a wai ro}dkj hlde jijeo ~ra~d poxlde rjfjhdeo `dkd ~ }o sdfjwa ~owa}ldia}kj ijma ~ xd d~xd ~owa}ldnd lo~xjmokd yxj rpa ho d~rpowa,

Lj+ ipoqawd Eoiahjldma+ rj rpowdk+ `dkd ~ ~rj~j`ldwkohojnd, Sdfjwo ejlopfdmo ldma ko}dko pah jldf ijma~a ipau rpown j}lo|alje lo ~oeje rj|axi= d}wko%

|aud ~xoklj rjia d} jro~lj~xd d lawjqo+ w|ald ~wa wd%hjwa po}edpdno ~o Cpndeo+ xpaòkj ma ho rpdhj`dm cj~rj%hopa cpohjwo+ la~ }o`l ea{ lopjha+ rjhaka dkd j` %

mahdla dlxapa~a, Qipoxij+ `dkd ~ rpdl{ald ho ~woije

>8

1 Wdhaxd Rkxopfo+ Gkoedldmaw bdwjx, &E,$7 Wdhaxd ijh Rjkd`dmo larpowha d jipxlj~xd }`jc ijmdf ~a Gdkdr j`%

pioj, &E,$

3 @j~a+ ~wjmjm Po~rpowd j jryxjm d~xjpdmd+ lowjhd jwa rpahlj~xd deola+ d rjyxj df ma rpjnaldj+ rpdhpbma ~a Rjkd`dmawje edyqas+ ij%

ma ma dlo|a hakdj d Xdx Kdwdma d waudlo rd~ono ijmd ~ ~a òwdkd ~xpoxacd%

mje, Awj lowjho ard~ijro Ejo= Eoiahjlnd+ q`jejpld ho ~o|wo%m ~xopd rjpahoi sdfjwa edkdnd ma ijm ~ ~xwjpdkd Gdkdr d Okai~olhop+wapjwokd ~ ~wjm larjàhdw gokolc d ld~ ejckd ~aà ho àha io%ij ma qh~id e ~rj~jòl ho rpjlo{a layxj jhk|ldma, Droi+ Rjkd`dma+d Xdx Kdwdma rj~ka saco+ rjio}okd ~ ho ~haud ~oej lo j~ljw rpdpj%ha pde~ia d wjm~ia Eoiahjlono+ jwd hpcd hcjpj|lj ld~ ejckd d}à%ud rjpo}+ map ~a eoiahjl~io gokolco+ ijmo ma rpah~xowqoko ~oej wakd%id |axwpxo~xd òxoqjl+ jmo|ol ~o ~wdf ~xpolo+ ejcko ipaxoxd ~oej iojnakdlo }o po}kdi jh pde~ia wjm~ia ijmo ma `dko po}haqalo lo eosaijpr~a+ jipaxldmo d `pbo ~wde wdhjwdeo rjipaxo,


19/100

lje bdwos d rjwapjwokd ho ~ }od~xo ~kj`jhld+ }oxj yxj~ de xj j mowdkd Pdeqold,

Axjknd ijmd ~ }oedyqokd ho ua }owkohoxd |dxowje Cp|%ije+ rokd ~ j|omosa wdhawyd ho de ma mahdlj rjykj }opije ho ~a`d loeaxl cj~rjhopo, O ioij ~ wai jh%ko}dkd ipomlj~x+ lo~xjmaud ho wko~xdxa khj~xd d~rpowa hp%

cde khj~xdeo+ rj}wokd ~ Cp|i Olxdjfo+ ipoqo ^dpdma+ioj yxj ~ `dkd rj}wokd d Pdeqola,Ipoqawd ^dpdma `dkd ~ lomejuldmd Okai~olhpjwd lo~kah%

ldnd+ }oxj yxj ~ rj~ahjwokd cjxjwj ~wa hpbowa Hopdmo+ d}%}aw Acdrxo, Okd hjco{omd ua hjwa~xd hj }loxljc ~ko`qa%so sdfjwa ejud,

Ipomae ~wjc bdwjxo+ akai+ j~ldwo| ipoqaw~xwo dpdma+po}jpdj ma Kd}deofjwj ipoqaw~xwj, Q eaxab+ rj`ldkj~a laijkdij rjipomdlo= lo~xoko ~ ipoqaw~xwo Rapcoeo+Iorohjidma d @dxdldma, Lj+ jwa rkoyqdwa hpbowdna hjbdwqo%woka ~ ioj ~jr~xwal ~pau rjldbowosa sdfjwdf laio%hoysdf cj~rjhopo,

@hud ho ~ ipoqawd ^dpdma jhwai ~o ipomsje }owd%yu rj~eoxpokd lorpahoi ipoqaw~xwo Acdrxo+ po}edyqokd~ ~oej j sacjwje j~womos, ]orj~xowqomud d} xjc po}%kjco D~xji+ jld ~ d}c`dkd laijkdij rjipomdlo o j~xokdeolodko}dkd lo larj~kylj~x,

Ijlo|lj+ ipoqawd ^dpdma hpbokd ~ cjps d hjs O}dm,Lj+ d~i~xwj ma rjio}okj ho ~k|om ioh ~a rpa~xjldno dckowla ~loca loko}a hjsde rjipomdloeo O}d ma+ ldmaejcua ~o|woxd cjpsa+ d ioh hj{a hj jr~oha Nop~xwo

cjpsde+ hjko}d hj d~nprqdwoso loeapd ho ~a ~o|womhjsa, ^dpdmo d nop~xwj Rap~dmolono ld~ ldioho `dkd xjkdijmoid ioj nop~xwj Ropuolo ijma ma j`fwoxokj xai haj rj%ipomdlo rpwdf hwom nop~xowo, Ho Idp ldma rjijpdj ipoqaw%~xwj Kdhdma+ ho ma âkai j~xoj Wowdkjl d rpar~xdj rpd%

>3

wjmlj pa{asa Pdeqolo ~o jlde ijh Eoiahjlono ijma~ rpdfwoxdkd ~wd ipoqawd+ Okai~olhpjwd lo~kahldnd, Rjio%} ma loe rpahlj~xd d lahj~xoxia gokolca d kacd ma9 loikj%sal ma pde~ije wjmlje pa{as d d}ckaho ho ma rpowoij ~hdej lo j~ljw xohoysdf hayowoso,3

Q Hpcje rl~ije pox+ jijklj~x ho ma Foldòk jh%

eof lojpboj ~wjma wjmldia rj ckah lo Pdeqola+ hj%wako ma jwa jro~lj~x, Okd Cpnd ld~ rpjealdkd ld jpbma+ldxd lo|dl poxjwoso, Ldma de rokj lo roeax ho ~a jhpai%l lowdio } ijma ~ rj~xdckd xoij wakdia ~rafa,

Q~raf Pdeqolo loh Gdkdrje `dj ma lomwaud jh ~wdfijpoio ijma ~ rpah}akd jryxae j~womo|ije rjfjh,Ho `d ~a j~dcpokd jh Cp|ia+ rj~kbdkd ~ ~a ~wde ~pah~xwd%eo ho po}`dm Axjkna ijmd ~ de rjejckd rjàhd9 yxowd%ya+ lopahdkd ~ ho ~a ~woid cp|id cpoh ijmd ~a loko}dj rjhGdkdrjwje wkoyu dkd laide hpcde wkohojnae `huarpowqo rj wko~xdxde }oijldeo,

Koij ~a j|owo ho ~ jwa eoka par`kdia ejcka ho`h d~iq|dwj }owd~la, Cpnd ~ ~a rpar~xdkd à~ed~ka%

>7

Pdeqold ~+ hoika+ rpjloykd dkd ~ ~ijpj lo|dkd wayxdl rjha%ka wjm~ia lo wdya òxoqjlo d a~iohpjlo d ~xwjpdkd pa}apwla mahdldna |d%

ma ma ipaxosa jhcjwopokj lorpahjwos dkd rjhpynd jldf ijmd `d }oj~xo%kd, Ipaldxa lo xoij ~xpjmala eoiahjl~ia gokolca= jwo wakdio d xpjeoeoydlapdmo dua jhd~xo bo~lo ioh ~a ~wje ~dkdlje j`pyd lo lai wjm%~i9 okd ioj yxj rpdrjwaho Rjkd`dma+ jlo ldma ~xos ho hcj wpaea%lo j|wo ~wjma rpdpjhlj ~wjm~xwj+ xm, |wp~xdl d mahlo|alj~x+ map mjm+ho xoij iobaej+ lahj~xoma ea~xj d mo~la |dsaldna+ d ~k|om ho df ~o%

eo la rpjlo{a+ hjwjhd ~aà }o`kh dkd xo|ldma po}`dmo ~aà ~jr~xwa%lde rjipaxje9 mahlje po~rilxo ~rjlo la ejba ~a rjljwj wa}oxd+d ea~xj ho ioj pde~io wjm~io+ rjhaqalo lo eosa ijpr~a+ ijpd~xd~wo ea~xo d rpdkocjhd de ~a+ ~romom ma d po}hwomom ioij rjbaka9 pde%~io wjm~io koij eopydpo d ~oirqo ~a à} eia9 ~rj~j`lo ma }o cprd%~osa+ }o rjwa}dwosa9 lom}oh ejba ho rjxpa`d eljyxwj rjipaxo dxjkdij wdya oindmo d ~loca jh gokolca, Hoika+ ~kjbdej ~a ~o Rjkd`dma%wde }oiq|ije ho ma `dkj rjxpa`lj ho mjm gokolco ~xrd ea~xj d hoEoiahjldmo `ha rjpobalo, &Xpaud haj+ isdco WD$

6 Po}kjca }o xj u lowa~xd ckowd W, Jld ~ hakje rpjd~xaikd d}cajcpog~ijc rpj~xdposo hwo nop~xwo, &E,$


20/100

}o|la ed~oj j }òndwos jijwo+ rjedyqoj ma ~oej io%ij ho df j~ko`d,

Olxdjf ma xoij p{owj ~hdj j ~xwopdeo ho ma }oedyqojioij ~ co Pdeqold j~xowdkd lo edp O}dmd, Lj+ jld ua dxoej ipalxd }o sde, Rjljwj rjà{al d }orparoyual+rpd~xoj ma lo lom~poeldmd ~rjpo}e ijmd ma mahol wkohokon

dioho ~ikjrdj,Ldma ed rj}loxj ho ma eoiop d mahol ejlopf holoysd%na4 hjlaj xjkdij wakd|ol~xwal jhki ho pohdma `ha ~o%fposal rjh pyawdloeo rpa~xjko+ lacj ho rpdfwoxd rpah%kjca }o ioiwa ipoq la ~ea ld ho |ma, Deoj ma ~wdya rj%lj~ol hf ho `d ~a ~r~xdj ldba lacj yxj ~ co lawjqawau ld}dka d ho ~a iplo ejba jh`poldxd ~oej fpo`pjyuo la d ~poejxje,

ô~wde ma pahjwlo rjmowo loud wkohojno ijmd ~a ryxo `dxi+ okd ma ea{ sdeo eokj jldf ijmd eam ho pox%

m+ d ijmd ~ rjhmahloij ~rj~j`ld ho ~a rj~kba Gjpxljed ho ma ~o|aiom+ ~o jlde ~xosae hfo ijmd lokoba jrpa%}lj~x rpa lacj yxj ~a r~xa rjhfwox d j~xol la~xpo%ydwd ioh xj mahlje |dla,

Rj~ka rpjro~xd Olxdjfo+ rpaj~xoka ~ ~oej eoka ~dka+} d}}axoi Acdrxo+ ijmd ma ~wjmde rjkjbomae+ rkjhljyu+xpcjwdlje+ `pjmae ~xoljwldio+ rjejp~ije d ijrlalje~dkje+ ejcoj ho `ha d}}axol, Lj+ jipxlj~x ipoqawo+sdfjw iiowd|ki+ rjfkaro+ ckrj~x+ }o~xpoymuo j~axqd%wj~x+ |dldkd ~ df xjkdij jh`jmlde j|deo rjholdio ho ~~a ckowlje jhpbowokd lo wko~xd rjh }oyxdxje Pdeqolo,

Rpoixd|lj ma }o ipl Acdrxo wobdj j~ljwld }oijl ho~a ~a~xpa d `pouo lod}eald|lj lo~ka{m d ho `d jhpbokd ma%hdl~xwj wko~xd+ `pox ~a baldj ~a~xpje, Xayij ma }oed~kdxddyxo lo~xpoldma rjkdxdnd jh xoiwjc lo~kahljc paho+ map ma~woio iulo ~wo{o hjwjhdko hj lapaho hpbowd9 d ij cjh

ma xje rop deoj d lomeos ei ~ea~xo ma hd}oj lo

>4

ejp~ia rjipomdla Olxdcjljwde lo~kahldndeo+ nop~xwjRap~dmolono `d }o Cpia j~xokj larjàhdwj o nop~xwj âka%io }o Pdeqola, Rj~xjma d}wa~la cpoldna ijma ma rpdpjhohoko hpbowoeo ho `d }o}hoka qh~ia oe`dndma9 ioh ~ dfPdeqold rpaijpo|dkd+ Ropuold ~ df ~ijpj ~oxpkd96 ioh ~ ~aRopuold ~hdkd ho df rpaijpo|a+ lomrpa ~ `dkd rpdl{ald

ho ~a wpoxa9 o loya hjò+ Xpnd+ ijmd ~ }lorpahjwokdd}wol jwdf cpoldno+ rpd~dqald ~ ho ~a sdf wpoxa,Ipoqawd ^dpdma d Acdrxo deokd ~ ~wjmde }aeqoeo hwa

wp~xa rjholdio= j~womo|ia d rjpj`qala lopjha, Jwde rpwd%eo+ rlde ~auoso lo rjpaikj+ xayij ~a rpowqokj, Ldma dfjhkdijwoj hf ~oej~xoklj~xd ijmd lo~ wjhd io xjea ho jh%òndej jijwa+ wau la~xprqasa ho rpjealdej cj~rjhopo,

Okd lomwauo ~ko`j~x ipoqaw~xwo ^dpd ma rjxdnoko ma ~ohwjpo lo ijmae ~ wkohokd Hopdmawd o la Okai~olhpjwd lo%~kahldnd, Po~ijy+ xoyxdlo d eaiyxwj ijmd ld mahlje wpa%eal ld~ loryxokd o}dm~ia hwjpjwa+ rj~a`lj ~ wkohokdlo jwje, ]kj ~a rpalakj lo lopjh d wjmldia d rj~xokj }o%po}lj d rj ~oea Pdeqola+ rjyxj ma pox ijmd ~ wjhdkd ~oOlxdjfje d~xdl~ij hjò sdfjwa rpjro~xd,

Xoiwj ma `dkj ~xosa ipoqaw~xwo ^dpd ma ioh ~a Olxdjf+ijmd ma rj|dldj xjkdia wakdia ~xwopd+ r~xdj pox rpjxdw Pd%eqolo, Okd jl |oi ldma `dj jrpa}ol ld jljkdij ijkdij ma xj`dkj rjxpa`lj d j`d|lde rj~kjwdeo, Foldòk ma bakaj ho~a pox Dxokdmd j`ljwd o Gdkdr `ha rjà{al dkd laxpokd~ol,Olxdjf ldma rj~xdcoj ldyxo jh xjco, Rjmowdj ~a Cp|ijm ~oeosde hakje ~wjmdf ~loco d ioj ho ma bakaj ~oej ho ji%

~d pox+ `dj ma }ojirqal ~oej wko~xdxde bdwosae, Rjpo%bal+ rjàcoj ma O}dm wdya }o~xpoyal lacj rjà{al,Pdeqold ~ jwom pox rjrx `mdna wikd Gdkdro+ rj%

~kbdkd ~a sacjwje wkoyu d rpaxwjpdkd co jp{a ~wjmdfrjàho, ]ohjwjq~xwj }`jc j~waxa d ldyxaso Axjkdma+jàuosa ho ua e ~eosdxd holoi d rpar~xdxd e laij%kdij cpohjwo+ q`jejpo ij m ma co mdj rpaeo Olxdjf+ipoxij+ wj{al ld~ide rj`hoeo d la ~{mud ~a ho

>6

4 Km DW, &E,$


21/100


22/100

ioj xojno laijc jh sacjwa `poua dkd hana9 xj de ma rp%bokj ejculj~x ho sacjwj ipoqaw~xwj rj ~wje lofj{a%s nasm, Ioh d ~a hjijrokd lom`kdbac lo~kahldio+ }o%~xpoydwokd ~ rj~ahldio9 ioho `d deokd ~oej wkohojno la%ijc hoqac ~pjh~xwo+ ~kbdkd ~ ~a sdea ho rjh~xoil lo%pjhla rj`la,

Oij `d laid wkohop dkd lopjh jh`dj rj~kylj~x cj~rj%hop+ lomrpa `d e hjhakdkd }wosa ~owa}ldio pde~ijc lo%pjho+0 d xdea co |dldkd ~waxde d lahjhdpqdwde9 xoij ho ld mahlje xpalxi ldma `dkj ipoqo+ eo ijkdij jl ejuol`dj+ ijmd ma d lo xpalxoi ejcoj ho `ha ~dcpol ~wjmarjholdia+ |oi ld ~wjm rjpjhdn,

Eoho ma }wosa sdfjwjc ~owa}ldio rpah~xowqokj d}wa%~xol j`kdi pjr~xwo+ droi ma `dkj wajeo rjbaqlj=> jld ijmd~ co ~xaikd `dkd ~ ~dcpld ho ua wpaha rpdeoxd ~oej jhsdf+ o `dkj ma j~ljwa }o loh ho ua jla `dxd ~ko`dma, D xo%ij ldma `dkj ~kca ld rjhkj~xd ijm lopjhd d ipoqawd ld~

`dkd ~rpaeld ho |dla la `d kd co }ohj`dkd,Deokd ~ wdya wp~xo ~owa}ldio, Laid ~ `dkd mahdsaldrpdwdkacdmoeo d |ayuae ~kowd+ ioj yxj àmof Koxdld dFapldnd9 hpcd+ ~oede rjpaikje+ ioj yxj àmof sdfjwaijkjldma9 laia loikjljyu ioj Eo~dld~o+ Aeala~ d Oxokijmd ~ de hcjwokd ~wjma ipoqaw~xwj d ~rjl9 hpcd+ ~kj%`jhlde ~rjpo}edeo ijmde ~ rj~xomokd rjholdnd rxaehcjpj|ldf ~owa}o ioj ipoqawd Acdrxo+ Wdxdldma+ Iorohj%idma d waudla cp|idf cpohjwo9 lorj~kaxi+ eljcd ipj} rpd%lhla ~rjpo}ea ioj Gdkdr d Olxdjf map ld~ ~ikorokd edp~o larpdmoxaqae j~de oij ldma rpdrohoj ~owa} yxj uapaud ho ~ rjx|dsowokd ~oej jla lopjha ijmd ~ de rjeo%cokd rjijpowos hpcdf lopjho,

8>

hj`dma+ wd~jij nalaud yxj ma jhkjbdj wko~xdx rpjro~x,Q xji wakdijc poxo+ âlox ~a rpaxwopoj ho la rpdea%

uma ldioiwa rpa~xra d xdydld ma |aioj ho ~xdcla wpaeajheo}ha, Qijkdij d e jyxauald qhd rj~kokd ipdwna+ jh%`dmoj ma ho df io}ld+ pohdma ~a jrpahaqmud ho |dxow lopjh~eoxpo ipdwde d }o ~aà }ohpbd rpowj lo ijpd~l j~wax,

@hud ho ~ larpdmoxaqdeo lolj~dkd la~kualo }ko+paxij ho ma dioh ~ikjrqal ~owa} rpjxdw sdf+ map ma }aeqolomhoqaldmo jh jro~lj~xd d}àcowoko ho e ~a rpdiq|d,

]`jc xjco+ paxij ~ de j mowqdwold poxjwd+ okd ~ dfwai wjhdkd wpaea+ lo lo|dl d rpjxdw larpdmoxaqo ijmd masdeo jhcjwopoj, D jh ~wdf lopjho ijma ~ lorohokd+ wpkj

ma eokj jldf ijmd ld~ rpaxprakd lomcjpa wp~xa wpaho ij%kdij ~ rjbakakd ho `h j~xowqald lo edp,

Ioij ~ lowdikd ho wai cjwjpa ioj cj~rjhopd+ d}o~ko %ldnd ijma ~ ~kokd ea{ lopjha ijmd mjy ld~ j~axdkd sdfjweju+ `dkd ~ d}wa~lj d}kjbald larpdmoxlj~xdeo+ o xj ma `dj

~dcpol d}cjwjp }o j mow ljwjc poxo,?Ioij ldioho ld~ hj`pjloeaplj ~ikjrdkd edp+ o paya%ld ho rjijpa |dxow ~wax+ ~rjpo}ed ~o sdeo rpah~xowqokd~ ~oej rpaidh poxjwo d sdeo ~ ~xomoka jhpahà ijma`d wai }lo|dka rj|axoi rpjro~xd hpbowa ijmo df ma rpdfwo%xoko= }ofxawokd ~ d}eayxosa copld}jlo d}wol xwp{aldfcpohjwo dkd jcpold|owokd `pjm ijrlala wjm~ia dkd jh}deo %kd ijsa dkd ~kjljwa d+ ijkdij `d hjxd|ld lopjh `dj ejuollo ejp+ rpd~dkdkd d co lo ~roqdwosa pjhjwqo o rjlaiohd ho ~a rpa~akd h`qa }oka{a,

Rjyxj `d ldyxdkd wkohoj|aw wjm~i+ j`pydkd `d ~a losacjwa gdlol~d ma loeaxosae jcpjeldf rjpa}o dkd hol%io+ rjh d}cjwjpje lorkoxa poxldf xpjyijwo= ljwo wp~xo xd %pold ma ij mo df ma rpd~dqowoko lo csaxowosa ~jr~xwaldfrjholdio d c`dxoi sdfjwa qòwd,

Ioho `d ~ikjrdkd edp ~o laide wkohopje+ }deokd `d

80

? Mahol jh rpdeapo }o xj ma d sdfjw pox rpjxdw Hokeoxo, Wdhaxd Rj%kd`dmo, &E,$

0 Rj~a`lj wdhaxd sdfjw ~rjpo}e ~o Mawpamdeo+ rpwjm isd}d Eo%ioàmono+ ckowo WDDD, &E,$

> Opdopox ma rpdlaj bpxw `jcjwdeo+ ioba Rjkd`dma+ ho `d de }ofwo%kdj }o jlj yxj ma rj~xdcoj jwde ~owa}je, &E,$

8 Wdhaxd yxo lowjhd Rjkd`dma j cpohjwdeo Cp|ia, &E,$


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]lomud ijkdij ~ awpjr~id lopjhd ~rj~j`ld }o pox+ jld~ ~rj~xowdkd }oijl rpaeo ij mae ldmahlje o}dm~ijeipoq ldma `dkj hjryxalj ho {a Awpjr d sjm rjij%pd `dkj ijmd lopjh,3 Ckowld ejxdw poxo ijmd ~ wjhdkd rpjxdwEdxpdhoxo `dj ma xom yxj ma jwom+ rpij~ }o`pold+ rjx|dldjlaio wopwop~io rkaealo,6

Ioho d j|dkd hwo lopjho ijmd poxm+ |oi doij ld~ `d%kd ~owa} dkd ~ij` ld ~o mahlde ld ~o hpcde+ ld~ rpj%ryxokd ho ~a eayo m, D rjrx loydf kxomudf wdxa}jwo+rpako}dkd ~ lo ~xpol ~ko`d mac, Hdjld~d ma d} Fokdioplo~o4ioba ho ma ~xopd j`d|om Pdeqolo `dj ho wai iob rj%eju ij cjh `d ma }oxpobdj,

Jwd j`d|omd Pdeqolo ldioij ld~ `dkd ~oeqald ~k|o%mawd, @dkd ~ xj larpjealqdwd rpdlndrd ioj yxj ~a àkjholjwdhd d} |dsaldna ho ~ rpjxdw wakdidf ~dko ~kahdkd d~xo lo|akoioj d rj|axi rpjxdw jijkldf cpohjwo,

Rj~kbdkd ~ ~a Aeala~je d Eo~dld~je ho `d rjijpd%

kd Gdkdro d Olxdjfo+ ioj yxj ~ ~a rj~kbdkd Koxdldeo d Fap%ldndeo ho d rjijpdkd Wjk~ia d X~ia, ]ofxawokd ~ pjhj%wqa jh Iopxocdla d ipoqawo O}dma+ ioj yxj ~ jh}akd òp%ia jh Olxdmo, Qidlkd ~ rjkdxd|ia d cpo{ol~ia wa}a d}ea%{ |axdpd hako Eoiahjldma ioj yxj ~ poldma po~idlkd ~o%wa} eokdf koxdl~idf cpohjwo,?2

Lj+ d}loh ~waco+ sdfjwo ~xoklo eoi~deo ma cko~dko rjhakdxd, Ofom~io par`kdio ma lo~xoko ioj ~owa} ~kj`jh%ldf cpohjwo9 âlox ma rpjcko~dj ho ~a `hua ~woid cpoh~oej~xoklj rpowqo rj ~jr~xwalde }oijldeo+ la}owd~lj

jh }omahld|ia wko~xd,Par`kdio @ajuolo ma ~kd|lj xjea `dko ~owa} laijkdij

81

Ioho ~ laide cpohjwdeo rpar~xdkd ~kj`jh+ ~ea~xo~ rjh~xdnokd ~xwoposa hwa ~xpolia sdeo=8mahlo ma `po%ldko }oijla d ~kj`jh }aeqa+ hpco ma xwphdko ho rj~xjmd~oej }oijl pde~ia wjqa+ o ioij ma jwo hpco ~xpoliowai `dko lohejuld mo+ mo~lj ma ho ma xoiwo ~kj`jho `dko~oej rpo}lj ~kjwj,

Rjlaioh d }ocj~rjhopdkd }aeqje rjh d}cjwjpje lo%~kah~xwo= ykd ~ O}dm+ Wdxdldm+ Kd`dm+ rj}dwomud ~alo }owayxoso Oxoko+ Ldijeaho1 d Ordjlo+ o Acdrox ~ rj%pj`dkd lo j~ljw }owayxoso ipoqo Idpala,

Ioij `d wakdia wkohopa hpbokd ~xokljm ~ko`j~xd+ ld~bakakd ho ~wjm ~owa} rpdeo m jla ijmdeo ~ loeaxlkd~wjma cj~rjhopa,7 O rjyxj ld~ jh`dmokd ldmahljc jh ~~a%ho ejuljc wkohopo+ jwom ~kjw+ lowahal edpjwlje~rjpo}e+ kdyowoj df ma ~owa}ldio,

Yxowdya+ ioho `d rjàhdkd laijc }lo|omljc wkohopo+lj~dkd ~ edpjwld cjwjp ho jl la ~ea rj~a}oxd }o po%

xje ioij `d paydj la~rjpo}ea ~o ~owa}ldndeo Pdeqolo&yxj ma rj rpowdk }lo|dkj ~o ~wde ~wjmde ~~ahdeo$+ wauho ~a ejpo j`poxdxd op`dxpobd, Xj co ma `hua kdyowokjsacjwa wjmla ~dka,

D ho `d ~w eju ~o|wokd }o ~aà+ ~ipoudwokd ~ ma |oid ~jr~xwalde ~owa}ldndeo= |de `d ~owa}ldnd hjykd lomeo%sd ~ij`+ Pdeqold ~ ~kokd d}o~koldia ijmd `d df rpd~dkdkd lo~ikorosa edpo, Hjwjqlj ma rpd~axdxd ~a ioij ~ jijl|okdpoxjwa d}ea{ Oxoko d Rp~a,

Ioho ma laid wkohop jijl|oj j~womoso yxj `d co j`d|%lj d~nprakj+ jheof ma ~xd}oj pde~id d}o~koldi ho cpo`drkal, axdej ~a ~oej+ ea{ fdqoh hpcdf rpdeapo+ ioij~ mahlje pa|m d~xapokd Olxdjfo d} Acdrxo,

88

1 Gdkjroxjpjw ~dl, &E,$7 Xj ma `dj ~k|om ~o Olxdjfje,3 ]o`polo loeaxlxo Olxdjf+ |oi d rpa poxo+ ho rpa{a Awpjr+

rj~xoko ma jryxawobauo }o ~wa j~xoka ipoqawa, &E,$6 Ordmol+ Ha @akkj edxfpdhoxdnj, &E,$

4 Hdjld~dmaw jhkjeoi+ d} Jhkjeio j rj~kol~xwdeo, &E,$?2 Xdx Kdwdma+ isdco WDD, &E,$?? D}j~xowqal jhaqoi= Eoiahjldmo ma `dko jipbalo larpjfjhlde

rkoldloeo, âlox m ma rjhakdj lo |axdpd hako+ rpjcko~dj df ~kj`jhlde+}o`poldj `dkj ioiwa wa}a d}ea{ sdf+ |oi d `po|la+ rpa~akdj rkaedua Dxokdm+ d xoij ldyxdj jw ~dk, &D}hosa d} ?3>8, cjhdla$,


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eokde hakje ~wjmdf ~loco+ hji ma sdfjw larpdmoxaq ~xo%wqoj lo ijni ~wa ~wjma ~loca,?1

Rjlaioh ~ }kjrjxpa`qowokd rpagdsalj~x ~wjc ma}dio=po}jpdkd ~ Iopxocdl cjwjpaud ho ~ jàuokd ioij ua rj%yxahaxd jryxdl o la ~oe cpoh, Rj}loxj loe ma ioij ~Axjknd+ ijmd ~ ~a a rpar~xdkd hj`pjm wjqd Pdeqolo+ `dkd

rpawopald= Pdeqold ~ xwphdkd ho ma }lo|asa d}po}o rpar%~xdxd ~a wjqd larpdmoxaqo rjhpo}eawokj c`dxoi ~wdf ~xwo%pd= kd|la ~kj`jha+ }aeqa+ cpohjwo+ fpoejwo+ |oi d cpj`jwo,

Qeakd ~ |oi d ho lo~edna xeo|a cjwjp, Xoij ~+rjbakawyd ho ldyxa Pj{ola+ ~ojryxdkd jwdeo ho de ld~hokd Kdidm ioj rjikjl wau ioj rpdmoxaqo d ~owa}ldio,

Ioho ma mahol sdfjw wjm~ijwj{o ~ikjrdj edp ho `d~ro~dj ~wjm wjm~i jh ldyxaso+ âlox ldma jhj`pdj edp+okd co ma d~ijpd~xdj d lo~xowdj pox, Xoij ~a+ ioh ma Mcpxojrijkdj pde~i wjm~i d r~xdj ma rpdfwoxomud ~rjpo}e+ha~dkj ho ~ d~xa xpra ijma ma rjyxahaj rjxpa`qala rpj%

xdw saco, O ioh ~ Led{old rpd~dkdkd hwoha~ax fdqoho Pd%eqolo lo dwdnd ckohd ho ejka }o edp+ edp ijmde ma ~ro~a%lj xjkdij cpo{olo+ rpaipyal ma Pde d d}dcpolo lopjhlowjqo xoij yxj ma ~easal ijl}k ijmd co ma rjxrd~oj,?7

Rjlaioh ~ ~o laide wkohopje ~ikorokd edpjwld ~rj%po}e rjh po}elde ~kjwdeo+ o ioh `d df jwom d~rldj+jld `d hjhokd ljwa xjkdij à~ed~kala ho ma `dj rpdejpolho rjljwj }orj|la pox, Xoij+ rjyxj ~ rpdejpokd Mcpxho rpaho ~kjljwa+ ijsa+ `kocj d rpaàca+ }oxpobdkd ~ ho~a ~oe rpaho yxj ma lomcjpd ejcud |dl }o wkohopo d la

ejba `dxd ~kjw }o edp,

?3

Lom}oh+ ~hdkd ~ ipoqawdeo }`jc sdfjwdf cpayoio d rj%

83

cpohjwo, Okd pox rpjxdw Rap~amo laid cpohjwd ~ ~a ~wp%~xokd lo sacjw ~xpol o hpcd lo ~xpol Pdeqolo, Jwahpca ~ Pdeqold rpdedkd rjh ~wj m }oyxdx } ~kjw ho}omahld|id ~owa} `ha po~ryxal,

Ioho `d ~a laid wakdid wkohop?? loya hjò hpboj jwdfrpowdko+ rjxpa`dj d }loxldm ~dk ho rjhpbd ~~ahljc wko%

hopo }ò|aljc rj`ld d jcpold|dj co lo j~xpwj ijma `de j~xokj rjx|dsalj, Hakaud mahdl ~dk ijmo ~a ejcko ~%rpjx~xowdxd sacjwde loeapoeo+ jl `d d}wioj jcpjelaijpd~xd lo la~paud ~wjco ~owa}ldio,

Ioho `d laijm hpbowd d}`dkd ~ij`d+ Pdeqold `d ~ea%~xo po}ejxpdkd ~xwop+ d xoij `d ~a jà}àhdkd ho rpjxdw ~aàdeom ~oej ~xpol ijm ~ j~hdkd, Oij ~ rdxos `dkdwkohopd d~xa ipwd ijmd ~ ~a ~ij`dkd jij ipla+ jld `d la%ioh j`jmdn rpjcko~dkd }o ipoqawa9?0 oij ma mahol jh xahwjmdna `dj eokjkaxol+?> jhk|dkd `d sacjw ijpd~x d }a%kd co rjh ~wjm ro~i ioj }oyxdxldnd ~waxo, Jld ~ ~xwopd hj%wakd hjxka ho ~ lopjhd d ipoqawd rj~xomokd sdfjwd rjhold%nd la }lomud xo|lj ije ~wjm~xw+ wjhaud rpowdkj rpaeoijmae ma }o sdf `dkj hjwjqlj |xd ho `d de ~a pj`jwokj,

Ldioho ld~ }orj|dsokd poxjwa hokaide ipomawdeo oho rpaxfjhlj ld~ jà}àhdkd laijc ~owa}ldio jijkdldlarpdmoxaqo lo ijmac ~ ~a j`pydkd+ ijmd `d ejcoj ho ~a~wjmde |axoeo rpdhpbd wjm~nd ijm yoq, O ioij jwo wjm%~io ldioh ld ma `dko `pjmlo+ wai `d ~a rjxphdkd ho hpbahpc wjm~i larpdmoxaq lom`kdbjm rjipomdld o xpau Pde+ wai ~rpael }o rjfjh,?8 Xoij ~ poxjwokd ~oej

87

?0 Ioj yxj ~a ha~dkj Opdopox d Fjkjgapl Iorohjidmd, &Ordmol+ dl^pdon$ &E,$

?> Ho `d ioj ~xopoxaqd ejckd ho ldyxa ^dpdm+ d}mo~ldkd ~ ~a }o Ol%xdjfjwjc ~dlo ijmd ma mjy `dj haxa+ o rpjxdw Haeaxpdmo ijmd ~a loko}djijh sdf ioj xokon d ijmd de ~a }oikdsoj lo j~wax+ cjwjpaud ho ma Pdesacjwo eomio o ~aloxjpd sacjwd j|awd, &E,$

?8 Xj ma `dj ~xokld j`d|om+ ioj yxj ~a wdhd ipj} d~xjpdm, &E,$?1 Wdhaxd ioij ~ ~a hpbokd pox Eoiahjldmd, &E,$

?7 Xoij ~ ~a jhlj~dkd |oi d rpaeo ôelduoldeo+ K}dxolndeo dijp}diol~ide rkaealdeo, J jwde rj~kahsdeo+ wdhaxd jhkjeoi Hdj%ljwa isdca D, &E,$

?3 Mahloij ~ ~a jhlj~dkd d rpaeo Wdpdmox9 rjyxj ~ jh saco }oxpo%bdkd ho rpaho rpaàcka+ }oxpobalj ma ho rpaho d jpbma9 lo yxo ld jl ldsacjwd ld~ ejckd ho rpd~xol, &Jhkjeoi d} Hdjlo$ &E,$


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hoj ~ow ljwon jwjco ~waxo,Okd ldyxo ld ma `jqa rj~kbdkj Pde jh ~xpofo ij md ma

~wcha d}o}dwoj, Rpah sde ~ ipoqawd j~xomokd xdfd d d}cka%hokd ioj ckrd, La ~oej ho ma rdxos `dj jr~ac sdfjwaejud wau d j~jò ijmo ~a loyko lo hop, Pd}dijwoxd pox ~oPdeje }lo|dkj ma d}kjbdxd ~a pjr~xw+ ~epxd d ~poe rjà%

ha, Xoij ~a jld ipoqawd ijmd ~ bdwakd ~mom d po~ijyd ld~~{dwokd ld ho òna rjckah lo pde~id lopjh, O càudfpo`pj~x ~wjmde ~xprqasae d rjhkj~xdeo+ wapjwokd ~ ho~rawom ho laijkdij jhkjba lawjqa ijma ~ de rpaxdka,02

Ejkde wo~ ho j~ejxpdxa rjloyosa Pdeqolo, Rj~kaOlxdjfjwjc rjpo}o+ dkd ~ cj~rjhopd Ogpdia+ O}dma d Cp|%ia ~o mahwo laide ~wjmde cpohje lo xje rpj~xjp, D}cka%hokj ma ho ~ j~wjmdkd ~oej ho `d howokd, Lj+ jld ~ j~xomo %kd |wp~xd cj~rjhopd xoij ho ioh `d }opoxdkd rpjxdw laijcwkohopo+ d~nprakd `d co xoijpaud xabdlje |dxowjc ~waxo,

Mjy ldma `dkj hjykj wpaea ho ~a rpa}e j~wjmala }a%eqa, Ho ~ }ohpbokd cpohjwa j~wjmala jh Gdkdro+ jxwjpdkd`d j|d Cpndeo, Ho ~+ rj~ka Hpcjc rl~ijc poxo dkd poxo~o Olxdjfje+ }akd }aeqa Ogpdnd dkd O}dmd+ la `d `dkd ~xos ho ~o|wom lahjwjqlj j~dcpolo j~womoso,0?

Xpaòkj ma ~o|aioxd ho ~a ~wd lopjhd lowdil lo rj~k%ylj~x ioj ~kj`jhla hpbowa d ~owa}ldnd rpa lacj yxj `hrjx|dsald d hji rj~xaralj la dy|a}l Pde~ijm par`kdnd,

Rjckahomxa ~rjpo}e ijmd ~ ~ikjrdkd ~o Koxdldeo rj%~ka rjàha lo Pacdk~ije ma}ap,00 @dj ma xj mahol jh ckow%ldf xaeaqo sdfjwa ejud, Q sae la loko}dej ldmahl

84

mahdlo|ldf rpa~xro= ~o~kyokd ~ bokà ~wdf jldf ijmd ~ `dkd}owo{ald ~o Gdkdrje+ rj~kokd ~ d}o~koldia ho ~a `pdl j sd%fjwjm à}àhlj~xd, O Rap~amo ~ jrxbdkd }o laijkdij `d%~xowo d laijkdij ~wo{o ~o cpo{oldeo hpbaldf cpohjwo,

J ~kowd wjm~ijwj{a ~a ~hdkj lo j~ljw ijkd|dla }koxod ~pa`po ijm ma lj~dj xjije xpdmego+ xoij ho ldyxo ldma

j~xowqoj rjpobalje larpdmoxaq, Pde ~a ~xoklj `jcoxdjd ~woid pox e ma jejcuowoj ho ipala ~kahaud,Rpdmoxaq~id dkd ~owa}ld|id lopjhd rpjroyuowokd ~ ~a

jcpjelde hopjwdeo ijma ~ howokd ho `d ~o|wokd dkd ~xa%ikd mjy wau loikjlj~x+ o rjkjwdlo ljwno ijm ~ xoij ~ko%kd Pdeqoldeo `dko ma hjwjqlo ho `h rjà{ald,?6

Ioj cj~rjhopd ~waxo+ ~wa `kocj ~ ~oed }deokd= o rqo|id ~ `dkd eosa larpowahld ioj j~womo|d lacj ioj}oijljhownd, ô}lowyd ho Rxjkjeam+ ipoq Idrpo+ deo rj%}oeoylj `jcox~xwj+ lo rpahkjc laijc xpd`lo ~wjmdkd ~}oijl rj ij mae ~ ~a d rpdrd~okd deosa bdwjc |jwaio djh}akd `jcox~xwj ~owa}ld|ije wkohop,?4

Q~ijpj ma rjfkaro rjmahdlono hjwpydko ~o po}ljya%sae jljc yxj ma rpaj~xokj jh mowla jxdeo|dla, \dljwldndd loea~ldnd loeaxokd ~ ipoqawdeo ~wjma larpowha, Hwj%

mdno ~ropldio d~nprqdwokd ~ ~a }omoelj lo~xjmaud ho i%ra }oyxdx ij mo ma wai `dko rdxlo rpjxdw ~ropldio |dmdrpdfjhd ld~ ~o~wde rpa~ydkd, Ijh Pdeqolo ldma `dkj xpo%co |oi ld jh rpowha kjrjwo ijmd lj~a d}wa~lj rjyxasa j`d|oma rpa~xro, Qipoxij+ kacdxdelo dkd }prdpolo rpowoj~kosoko ~ ~a d~iq|dwj lo ljwon+ wkohopd ~ }`jc xjco

~iplowdkd fpoejwa d jh}deokd dejwdl lom`jcoxdmdf cpo%{olo, Fdqoha }kj|dlo ma rj|dsalj ho `d ~a Pdeqoldeo

86

?6 Hopjwd ijma ma âlox ~koj ipoqawdeo `dka ~ ~dxldna rjrx ~xjkd%no dkd yxoro jh ~kjljwo|a+ dkd ~kbàla jhabha, &E,$

?4 Gkjp+ isdco DDD+ ckowo D, &E,$ Hdwdxdope xolxo goeo apox+ xwdnxjp calxde rjrk~+ ax hjlopa paclo njl~ax~+ ~jndd wdwda pa%cd~ njlgd~noxdjlae eolhowapdx,

02 îpdwokd ~ ijkdij ~ ejckd ~wjm eju d `jcox~xwo jh Pdeqolo,Wdhaxd j jwjea jhkjeoi d} Hdjljwa isdca D, &E,$

0? Ld~ ~ ~a ~{dwokd ho xoej j~ldwom ~wjma ijkjldma9 wdya ~ wj%kakd ho jhpbowom wa|dx q`jejp d}ea{ Iopxocdsolo d Eo~dld~a+d rj~kba ~a rjhpyije d mahldf d hpcdf ho `d j~wjmdkd Eoiahjldm dCp|i, &E,$

00 Hdjld~d ma d} Fokdioplo~o d}wayxowo j jwjea+ isdco WD+ ckowoNW+ Ji~gjph~ij d}hosa, &E,$


26/100

rkoljwd Pdeqolo d wopwopo, Qipoxij+ rpwd ma dj hakj ~lo%ca+ hpcd ~ko`j~xd9 ijh mahljc+ pjr~xwj ma `dkj ipomlj~x+ijh hpcjc+ la}owd~lj~x, Q }aeqoeo ij ma ~ j~wjmdkdcapeol~id lopjhd+ wko~x ma `dko pioeo wo}oko+ o ~oej}oijl pioeo wkohopo, Ijh Pdeqolo ~xwop ma `dko rjx%rlj j`plxo,

WDD

IOIJ MA EDXPDHOX Q RAJ HO DE JHJKAWO

Jh ~wdf ipoqawo ij ma ~ Pdeqold lorohokd+ ~oej maEdxpdhox ~raj ho ~a ~eakj jh`pold d ~rpjx~xowd de ~a wdh rpaxsa,

Sacjwa hpbowa `dka ~ dhaoklj ea~xj }o poxjwosa,Cpold|dka ~ ~a ~o larpd~xro|lje }aeqje Iowio}o+ d~%rsalje lom`jpàldmde rkaealdeo, Jxho ~ ~a rpj~xd%poka ~wa hj Npljc ejpo, Edxpdhox ma ejpa rparkowdj `pj%hjwdeo d ~xoklj jhko}dj ho jh îdxo ird ljw wjm~i,O}dmo ma dko jxwjpalo }o sacjwa rjfjha, @dj ma jcox map~ sacjwd cpohjwd lo Nplje ejp ~raylj xpcjwokd ~o~ko`dma po}wdmalde lopjhdeo,

Rpjcjl~xwo ij mo ~ }orj|ako jwj hjò+ rpd~dkdko ~

pa| ijmo `d hjwako ~es Nop~xwj,@dj ma xj ~rjp wdh j~womoso, Rjàhdkd `d mahol lopjh d

}ohjwjqdkd ~a ho co j~koà9 loeaxlkd d e ~kjwa ijmd dco jcpjeljm eapd po}pjwokd9 oij `d ~a rj`ldj+ `dj `d

mjy wdya ldbal d rj~xoj `d ~bos~id lopjh o ho ldij la `deaj ho ioba ioho ma ~bos~xwj }orj|akj,

Xoij Pde }orpowj ldma `dj ld ejlopfdmo ldxd par`kd%io+ wau ckowo lo xak ijma ~ |dldkd ~wd lopjhd ~waxo,0>Ho ~ Yrolnd+ rj~ka j~womoso Eai~dio d Rapo+ ~ka%

hdkd jwom rkol+ la `d `dkd rpd~dqald ho ~wa po}jpa ioij `d~wa ~o|wokd,

Khj~x j~womo|o jckaho ~a wjqd ho ~wde lopjhdeorjhopd ~wj ma }oijla d j`d|o ma, Xj ma à~ed~kalj+ map ~qhd ~rj~j`ld ho ~a rjhwpcl dkj ije j`kdi wkohowdla,

Okd+ ioij Pde ldma loeaxoj jryxa }oijla+ lopjhd d}%ea{ ~aà ld~ deokd jro~la wa}a, Jld ~ |dldkd xakj ~oej}omahld|ije rj~kyljyu d+ eoho ld~ `dkd }aeqond+ ~wd ~

rj~xokd Pdeqold,Ejbho ua laij rpdcjwjpdxd ho nop~xwo ~xwjpalo lo }o%

ijldeo rpa~xjko ldioho ld~ `dko ld xpomlo+ ld ejulo, Okdlo ~wax ld ma `dkj ld|ac xjkdij rpjxdwpa|ljc ioj yxj ~

12

0> Mjy ~ej }o~xpoyald ioh po}ejxpdej ho ~ lopjhd ijmd ~ ~xwjpdkdholoysa ejula ipoqawdla+ ~wd Cokd+ ~wd Yrolnd+ cjxjwj |dxowo Wakdio@pdxold mo+ Dkdpd mo hj Hlowo+ Capeold mo hj Ak a+ Ogpdio hj ~wjmdf~xpoyldf d larpjfjhldf r~xdso+ Cp|io+ Xpoid mo+ ^dpd mo+ Acdrox+ ~woipoqaw~xwo Eoka O}dma d jld ijmd ~ ~a ~xd~kd d}ea{ Cwj}haldf wpoxod Io~rdm~ijc ejpo+ d hpcd ijma ~oe ejbho }o`jpowdj dkd ijma la ba%kde ho ~rjealae+ ~xjkaudeo `dkd ~oej pde~ia rpjwdlndma, &@j~a+ Po~%

rpowo j jryxjm d~xjpdmd+ xpaud haj+ ckowo WD$

? Gpjlxdl+ ^xpoxacaea+ isdco DD+ ioba ho ma Edxpdhoxjw }oealdi+Opfakom+ `jpaud ~a rpjxdw ^ka+ rj~xowdj d~rpah ~aà ~wjmo ijko ~ ij~o%eo+ hpcd pah gokolc+ xpauae ld} rkoualdia Pdeqolo= Edxd~gcdxdwd~ Dxokdn jpe rapwdnondn ekxe gdhaòx, Edxpdhox ma |oi~ikjrdj ~owa} ~o âpxjpdmae, Wdhaxd d Rkxopfo+ Kikjw bdwjx, &E,$

1>10


27/100

~a rpdlhlj rjwioj Xdcpoljiapx d wdhawyd ho ma à}%lohablj ~kjeqal d rparyxal ~oeje ~a`d+ rpaàcoj ma ~jr~xwala hpbowa d xoej ~a rjljwj |wp~xdj,

Rjeram ma lo~kahdj Kiko d ~pydj Edxpdhoxo, Edxpdhox ma rj acoj d} ~wj mdf }aeoqo d rpako}aud Opoi~+ lo rxipj} }aeq Ko}o+ hj~rawoj d} jro~lj~xd jro~lj~x,

Jirqomud ~rx wopwopa ijma `d rpjloyoj+ d}`dj ma lo@j~gjp d ~ij`dj ~a ~o ~dlje Eoiopje ijmd ma ~ikjrdj edp~o Pdeqoldeo,0

Q rpjwokdmd ijmjm ~a loyoj+ paydj ma ho rpala~a pox Dxokdm d ipala lo Pde ~o d~xde lopjhdeo ijmd ~ co laij%kdij ~xjkauo poldma j~wjmdkd d xj d~xde rxae,>

Hpcd jh sacjwdf ~dljwo+ ijco ~ d}hokd Goploi d wjm%~io }o~xpoyalo ~kowje sacjwdf rjhfwoxo d jro~lj~xd ijma ~a ryxoko+ epj ma ioj ipoq,

Rjeram ma `dj xom ijmd ua `p}de ld}je rjàho hjwpyd%

1>

eljca Pdeqola ho lor~xa ~wjm }aeq, Edxpdhox df mahj|aioj ydpjia pia, ^xwjpdj ma kacdma ijma df ma pacp%xjwoj o jla ~ rj~xoka sacjwa lom`jqa |axa,?

^ hpca ~xola+ Pde ijmd ma xpraj jh cpool~idf la~%cko~dno+ }ojirqal rpa|de lawjqoeo+ }orj~xowdj ma ha%yowoso O}d md d r~xdj Edxpdhoxo ho ldba rjàha dkd ~a

jrjpowd rj~ka rjpo}o,]o waudl ipoqawo ldma `dkj ld|ac rjc`ldmac jh sd%fjwa wdhqdwa baqa }o edpje, Jwj ma jhwpoxdkj ~wa j~xokalopjha ho ~o sdeo haka jro~lj~x d} ijma ~ d ~oed xjkdijbhakd ho ~a d}òwa, Okd Edxpdhox ma ~wdeo jheof hoj hj}loso ho ma larpdmoxaq Pdeqolo d ho ua xj wai `dxd,

Ijlo|lj+ cpohjwd Cp|ijm d O}dmd j~auomud ~wa waudxapax jijwo Pdeqolo loh ~j`je+ rjikjldkd ~ rjwapasajwje wopwop~ije ipoq ijmd df ma rj}dwoj ~kj`jh,

Jwoiwj ~xosa ~xwopd hjwakj ma hj xpd wakdio poxo ijmd|dla mahol jh karydf hakjwo pde~ia d~xjpdma+ map ~a sdeo

la rjmowq m wau rjldbald d j~poejuald wkohopd+ rjrxOlxdjfo d Xdcpolo+ dkd iiowdna+ rjrx Gdkdro+ Rap~amo d M%cpxa+ wau ejuld ipoq ijmd la~pauoeo ioj kow rj~eoxpo~wjma pola d rj~xoma }`jc sdf mjy po}hpobaldmd,

Jwd poxjwd ~ d}}axld }`jc ~xokldf d laj|aidwoldf rpa%jipaxo9 d eoho ma Edxpdhox rjykj }o pije ho jrjpowd~wjm wjm~i+ ha~dkj ~a+ }o}wpox+ ioho ma `dko lajrfjhlowauo hd~ndrkdlo d rj~kylj~x+ ho co wopwop~ia xpra lor%~xa9 doij ma dj wayx ho rjh~xoila lopjha d cpohjwa lo %la+ lo hpcjm ~xpold d~i~dj ma d}hom~xwo ~wjmdf wjmldf }o%

rjwahldio+ ~wjma hana d ~wjmdf balo9 lorjijl+ doij ~a `j %pdj rpjxdw laj`|aldf pde~idf wjm~ijwjo+ po}kd|dxdepo}hj`qdeo rpjxdw saco rj~koxd ~ ^ko+ Kik d Rjeram,

Jwom wkohop ma rjàhdj pde~ia wjm~ijwja d j~wjmdjO}dm+ Eoiahjldm d Cp|i+ hjbdwaj rjpo} jh ^ka+ wpo%ual ~rjpo}eje lo ~xopa cpoldna+ d}ejpal jh pde~idfwjm~ijwjo+ ~raj mjy maholrx ho jhla~a rjàh d j~wj%

md O}dm, ]oxde co ma Kik rpjxapoj sacjw }aeq+ ro

10

0 Edxpdhox co ma rpjcko~dj }o ipoqo @j~gjpo, Q`dj ~a lo wa~x j hj%ko~i jno, &E,$

> Wdhaxd Ordmolo+ Ha @akkj edxfpdhoxdnj, &E,$8 Wdhaxd Rkxopfo+ Rjeramawje bdwjx+ d ]jlop+ isdco DD, &E,$

11


28/100

~kj`jhje, @hud ho ma ipoqaw~io wko~x rjxrlj~xdrpayko pia ijl}ko+ lopjh ma j~axdj lahj~xoxoi ~kj`j%ha ijm ma `dj rpd~dqowol ho }owjkd, ]oxj ma lo~xjmoj horpdlhd ijl}k~i wko~x+ ho hj`dma rkaàm~ia ~kbà d ho~o rkae~xwje rjhakd ipk~ia |o~xd, Roxpdnd md ~ `dkd rpd%lald ho hjwjqa ~wae yxj ma jh sdf }ofxawolj+ }oxj

yxj cpoh cha ma ~dpjeoyxwj `dkj jryxo jhkdio o `jcox%~xwj `dkj rpa}palj ioj xomld rx }o rpa}deosa wko~xd+pjh d |o~x ld~ rpbokd eljcj rpahlj~xd, Wko~x ma xoij ej%poko ho ha wpoualo eljyxw+ o opd~xjipoxdmo ho ~a rj~xa%ralj rpaj`poxd lopjhl hpbow,

Jld ij md ~ jhold ipoq eosa ~ j`}axd }owdyu dq`jejpje jh jldf ij md bdwa lo~kahljm opd~xjipoxdmd,Wkohop ma xjkdij hoqal jh ~wjmdf rjholdio ho df ~ijpjd la wdo+ d xjkdij ma lohejuldmd ho jld ld~ ~xos ho }o%ed~ka `dkj yxo yxj `d ejckj ho df }orosd, Okd rkae~xwj lowko~xd ma d}kjbalj ~wde rjckahdeo d ld ma xjkdij }wdyalj

ho `d ~a d}àcko larpa~xolo d lacjhlo rjpaaso, ]oxj~a d hjcookj o d holo~ ~a hjcoo ho lopjh rpa}dpa ~a%loxjpa, Q xje rjckah ~ lom~pauldma par`kdia ijmdeo~a pjasae la ~xd|a |ayua wko~xd+ map ~ qhd eosa }o%wd~ld rpaeo wko~xd ijm hom jljea ijco baka d jh}ee ma ioho fjua,

La}ohjwjqol roxpdndmdeo+ lopjh ~a rjwioj lo ^waxj`phj, D}o~koldnd ~ hjko}dkd ho co edpa d ioij ~ ~a ~wdea~j`lj }oikdsokd ho ua ~a rjeocoxd ijkdij roxpdndmdla jhpba pa|> yxj `d hjwjhdkj hj ~xokldf ~ahldno d rjpa%

eaxdkj ~wa glindma |dljwldyxwo rpjnasalj ma ho ma `j%qa ~xwjpdxd ~xoljw ij mo `d ejcko ho ~rpa|d larpowhaloh rkaàmndeo,8 Okd }`jc wa|la `jka~xd |jwai+ rkaàm %nd ijmd ~ hj`dkd xpd`la ho `d ~a `poldkd+ rj~kbdkd ~ ~a sd%eo }o loroh= rj~xaralj ~ idhokd ~wa rpdwdkacdma roxpdnd%

11

xd wakd|ol~xwalj hakj pde~ia wakd|dla, Rpdhpbdj ma à~ij%lo|ol `pjm }aeoqo xak ~wjco nop~xwo yxj ma wdya rj~kbd%kj wakd|os pde~ijc ~momo lacj sacjwjm ~xwopljm ejud, Deoho ma+ rj loxrd~deo ljyalde rpdkdije sacjwjc xpdme%go+ d}ckahokj ho ma rjwauoj mowla rpdfjha }o wdya jh mah %la xpaudla+ eju Pdeo ldma rjpo~ko o mowla ~kj`jha ~ rj%~xoka cpjbaldma,8

WDDD

J ^QIJ@DEO IJMDF MA QWAI @DKJ Q CPOHQ

Hji ma Pde j~womoj ~wax+ lxop sacjwdf }dhdlo à%~laj ma xomld pox, Sacjw jcos `dj ma rjrx wkiolo ijmd`qma woxp ioh cjh ~a rjmowd layxj yxj rjh~xd|a sacj%w oixdwlj~x,

Rj~ka rpjcjlo ipoqawo+ wko~x ma rj~xoko opd~xjipox~io,ôej ~ rjpjhdna roxpdnd mo ~xdnoka ~kbà+ ~wo hj~xjmol%~xwo? d+ ~fjhlj xjea+ ~wa wjmla d cpool~ia rj|o~xd,0

Roxpdndmd ~+ bakaud ho ~rpa|a rjwpoxoi ipoqawo+ lo~xj%mokd ho rj mo|om rjipax ij md ma j }aj lopjhld hf, Lj|dldkd ~ wdya lacj yxj ~ ~eapokd= fpolaud co epbsjerpjxdw ipoqawo+ rpj`hdkd ~ sae laeapal baq }o

? Roxpdndmd ~ lai pi deokd ~waxd iopoixap= ~oej ~ jld ejckdho rpdeom o~rdndma, Wdhaxd ijh Xdxo Kdwdmo+ isdco WD+ cjwjp OrdmoIkohdmo, &E,$

0 Lo rpdeap+ ~oej ~ jld ejckd ho ~kowa xpd meg map ~ ~oej jld~eakd ho rj~xol ijl}kd d wjmld }orjwahldnd, &E,$

> ]jlopo+ isdco DD, &E,$8 Rjpaikj lopjhldf xpd`lo, &E,$

1317


29/100

jh~xokj jh hpcdf d jlje ~xoklje eoi~deje ho ma `dx%ldma j|wosa par`kdia jh ~xokabo dkd eo ioiwa ~kbà,

Ioij ma wpaea rpjko}dkj+ rkaàmnd ~ xjkdij ld}dkd ro%xpdndma ho ma po}kdio ea{ rjpjhdnoeo rj~xoko ldyxowlo3 d~wd ~ à} po}kdia ~xdnokd rpd}loso, Jlho ~ ~a mowdkd ljwd~rjpjwd d}ea{ j`d|ljc lopjho+ ijmd ~ rjh~xdnokd xpd`%

ld+ d ckowldf roxpdndm~idf dkd rkaàm~idf rjpjhdno+ ij ma ~}wokd rkae~xwje d ij md ~ deokd lo ~wjmjm ~xpold âlox ijmae ~ d ~ahakd, D rjyxj ~xopd j`d|omd wdya ld~ wobdkd+ rj%

mahdlnd ~ hjko}dkd hj jcpjeldf jcox~xowo o rjyxj jcox%~xwj lad}àblj hjlj~d wko~x+ rkae~xwj ma rpbokj mo|d jx%rjp jh roxpdnd mo d xj ma `dj po}kjc ~epxd Cpofo d waudlajldf ijmd ~ }o sdeo ~kahdkd,6

Ejpoe ho rjealae eocd~xpoxp ijmo ma eljcjeahjrpdlako ho ~a jhpbd wko~x Pdeo pa| ma j nal}jpdeo,Jld ~ rjrd~dwokd lopjh d+ `hud ho ma mo|dlo Par`kdiarj|dwoko lo hd~ndrkdld+ ~xpjcje ejpok d ~xoklje rjyxjwo%s d}wa~ldf j`d|o mo+ d~rpowqokd ~ }kjrjxpaà ij ma }o%ijl ldma rpahwdhaj dkd ijmdeo j`d|ol eocd~xpox ld ma ej%coj ho ~hd,4 Rj~xjma p{owd rpdeapd cjpd jh }kj|dlo+ o wdya

ma hpbowo rpjrokj }`jc cobaso ejpokldf j`d|o mo lacj}`jc ipyaso }oijlo, Q Pde ~ nal}jpd?2 pagjped~okd ~wayxj d ejckj ho la~a jro~la ljwjxopdma+ ho rpjeald j~a%uosa d hf lopjho+ ho cpj}d sdfjw larpjeasal xpom%

13

mo yxj ma d}o}dwokj ~xoklo ~rjpaso, Xpd`ld ~ rjhpbowokddkd+ xo|ld ma+ rjh~xdnokd lopjh+ o âlox ma `poldj roxpdndma+ijmd ~ co cjxjwj d~iq|dwj d ~o|dsowokd+ loikjsal ~xopderpowdkdeo d ~xpof ho `d ~xoljwldyxwj ejckj }hdud la%ijc xpd`lo hj xdpoldma

Lopjh ~a ijpd~xdj wko~xdxde ~locoeo d rpaejud cko~j%

wdeo+ jh`dmosae ho dha poxjwa+ rpaxsoeo ho ua ~a d}sdf rjwud+ rpd~xpo~lde }oijldeo d+ lom}oh+ rpa~hoeorpjxdw jldf ijmd ~ e hcj rpbokd jxrjp, âlox ~a `po%ldj ehpjyu+ rpowhje d qòwq rpaeo jxohb`dld ijm

ma rjh~xdnoj+ hj`pde hakdeo d po}elde rpowqosae pd%}ldnoeo Par`kdia+ rjyxjwosae ijma ma lopjh lacjwojrpaeo ckah wjhaudf rjpjhdno d wpkdld ~kowldf kd|lj~xd+1pakdcdmje+ hpawlde ~xoljwoeo d }o`polje ~o`jpjwosorjh d}cjwjpje ho ~ rpdkdia `dka larjwjqla+ ~kcoeo+ea{~j`lde ~rpjx~xowqosae xpd`lo+ rj~xowqosaehdixoxjpo+7 }oldeosae }o ljwd pox dkd la~paua ij ma ~}hpbdwoka ~wa dlxapa~a9 lom}oh+ j|dl~ije rjr~xqdwjyuijmje ma hjwjqowoj hak lopjhldf }ofxawo ioij `d ~a

17

1 Lopjh ijmd ma wjkaj ~kow+ ~o~xowqal jh qhd ijmd ~ bdwjx rpjwj%hdkd poxjwos+ ldma ejcoj ho ~ipoxd d}`jp wakdije |jwai rjh ij%

mde ~a `jpdj, Jl ma hj`dj rpowj ho `dpo rkaàmna+ o `dpoj ma roxpdndma,@dj ma rpd~dqal ho ~a`d waba pia+ jòwa}lde rj~xowqosae mahljcrkaàm~ijc ijl}ko= d rkaàm~ia rjpjhdna ijma ~ ko}dka ~kb`+ rj%xje ~ }o s ~xoklj `dpola9 o ioho d lopjh }hdcoj hj rj|o~xd laijc|jwaio ld~ijc rjpaiko+ rjrx Wopjlo d Eopdmo+ `dko ma xj laio wp~xo

rjàha loh ~oede ~j`je, &E,$7 Ho `d ~a jh`poldkd+ roxpdndmd ~ deokd j`d|om ho rj~xowa hdixoxjpo=xj de ma }ohdwqmua rjko}dkj }o pije9 okd rkaàmnd ~ hj`dwyd rpowjho `h `dpold ioj ijl}kd+ xoij{a ejckd ho `dpom hdixoxjpa9 d xj ma}laedpdkj roxpdnd ma, Wdhaxd ijh Xdxo Kdwd mo+ isdco WDDD+ ioij df maR`kdma Gdkj rjld}dj xjije ~wjma hdixoxpa= hjlaj ma xpd wajeo yxaxlo}oijlo, &E,$

3 Roxpdndmd ~ ~o|wokd ~oej laijkdij ~wayxald|idf |o~xd d rpowj hodealm |dljwldio ijco ~ }wokd rpdwpaeald ipoq &dlxappa$, &E,$

6 Ioj ôxpldl d Ckondma, &E,$4 Ejbaej ho j|dej ioij ~ `dkd rjldbald jld ijmd ~+ rj~ka `dxia

ijh Iola+ ~eoxpokd ho `d xpaòkj lor~xdxd Dxokdm9 jld ijmd ~ ~a rpahokdFoldòk9 jld ijmd ~ }`jc lapo}eawoso rpjr~xdkd sacjw cjwjp, &E,$?2 D}j~xowqalo lorjealo= Nal}~ ~oe rj ~a`d+ dkd rjrd~ cpo{olo+ `dj

ma wpkj ehpo ~xwop9 xj ma `dkj rpd}losa hpbowldf rj~kjwo d rpad~rdxdwo%sa ejud hpbowa= waj co ma âpwdma Xkd ma, Rpa saco+ ioba Axpjrdma+isdco D+ nal}~ ma `dj larj}lox ~wax, &D}hosa d} ?3>8, cjhdla$

?? Jwj ~a }wokjOapopde okdae gonapa ox dl njapdxe xo`ko~ pa%gappa, Qhoqowol ma d} nalxpdma d c`dj ma rpowj cko~o, &E,$

?0 Xdx Kdwdma+ isdco D, &E,$

1416


30/100

cko~o= |axdpd cpoh d xpdha~ax d mahlo lo ~ak, Wjhaud cpo%{old+ ~wd }aeqjhaknd+ lopowlj+ `pomold ~ xpdà lo ~a%k+ o jla cpoh~ia yoj ma j`d|ol ri?3 ijmd ma+ hud }o%rpaxal lxop }dhdlo+ deoj eokjc xdnomo lo rj~kjwa d xj

ma ~eoxpolj ~ro~je rj Par`kdi, O ioh ma Go`dma ea{|axdpd cpoh~ia xpdà rpa~akdj ldba iko~a ijma ma Ordma Iko%hd ma po~rjhakdj rj ~wde ~kjmawdeo+ ~xaioj ma lohdeoi

Eoi~de~,?6 ^woidf rax cjhdlo nal}jpd ~ po}eoxpokd xpa%lxlj ~xosa Par`kdnd d rpapo~rjhaqdwokd lopjh ea{po}la xpdà xoij ho xpd`ld d oe`dndj}ld rjmahdlnd ld~ejckd ho ~xail ijlxpjk loh cko~jwdeo o ~oe lopjh ld%

ma ejcoj ho }kjrjxpa`d wko~x,?4Wko~x Pdeo ma `dko }ohdwqmuo map ~ jh saljc rj%

~xolio }kjrjxpaà ejcka ho ~a d~rpowa pa{asae+ `dkj}ofwoqmud hf lopjho+ `dkj ~locje âloxo dkd oxjpd%xaxje rjmahdldf ,

Iopxocdlo ma rpjroko }oxj yxj ldma ejcko ho }ohpbd ldpi ~wjc Foldòko ioh ma xpaòkj ~o~aud }kjrjxpaà,Oxdlo ma roko }oxj yxj ~ mjm ~a }o`kha xjkdij jedkaka ho

14

lj~x oij ~eae ho rjxpa`de xom rjmoe+ ioj d ~woid la%pah+ hje dkd mowlj~xd, Ejckd ~ ho d~xapom d} âloxoijco rjbaka+ ho wdxa} jh}e ijso ijmd e ma hpbowohjhakdko+ ho cpo{oldlo wp~xa hpc xpd` ro |oi d ea%{ jla ijma ~ rkouoka cpoh~ia hob`dla la |a~xwmud sacjwde rjwko~xdnoeo,??

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Nal}jp~xwj ma `dkj wpkj ehpo ~xoljwo, Nal}jpd ld~~woijea ejckd ho jh}e eocd~xpox+ }oxj yxj `d xj rj%

paeaxdkj hakoxlj~x mowldf ~kb`d+?8

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Šarl Monteskje - Razmatranja o uzrocima velicine Rimljana i njihove propasti