Scada Project

8/9/2019 Scada Project

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Using powerful technologies, based on experience of qualied personal, SCADA

(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition applications are created as a !ain tool fo

perfor!ing !anage!ent, required by technical reengineering of an industrial co!pany" #n

!odern !anufacturing and industrial processes, !ining industries, public and privat

utilities, leisure and security industries, control syste!s are often needed to connec

equip!ent and syste!s separated by large distances" $hese syste!s are used to sen

co!!ands, progra!s and receives !onitoring infor!ation fro! these re!ote locations

SCADA refers to the co!bination of control syste!s and data acquisition" #n the early day

of data acquisition, relay logic was used to control production and plant syste!s" %ith the

advent of the C&U (Central &rocess Unit and other intelligent electronic devices

!anufacturers incorporated digital electronics into relay logic equip!ent" $he &'

(&rogra!!able 'ogic Controller is still one of the !ost widely used control syste!s i

industry"

1.2 WHY SCADA ?

SCADA provides several unique features that !ae it a particularly good choice

for !any control proble!s" $he features are as follows)• the co!puter control pri!ary equip!ents, record an store a very large a!ount o

data fro! process

• the operator can incorporate real data si!ulations into the syste!

• the operator is assist by co!puter that reco!!end actions to eep the syste!

safety

• !any types of data can be collected fro! the *$Us (*e!ote $er!inal Unit, thi

creates online the i!age of the syste!"1.3 CHALLENGES AND APPLICATIONS

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA syste!s have been widely used i

industry applications" Due to their application specic nature, !ost SCADA syste!s ar

heavily tailored to their specic applications" +or exa!ple, a re!ote ter!inal unit (*$U

that !onitors and controls a production well in an oileld is only connected with a few

sensors at the well it resides" $he *$U usually collects sensor data at predened intervals


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and only sends data bac when being polled by a central data server" A user can onl

access the data in one of the two ways) directly connecting to the *$U in the eld o

reading fro! the data server in the control roo!" A !a-or drawbac of typical SCADA

syste!s is their in.exible, static, and often centrali/ed architecture, which largely li!it

their interoperability with other syste!s" +or exa!ple, in a SCADA syste! developed for o

and gas elds, the *$Us are usually places at production wells and in-ection wells

0owever, there are !any other places, such as pipeline, tans, etc", that have valuabl

data but are too expensive (e"g", cable require!ent to deploy !ore *$Us" #n such cases

sensor networs are a perfect solution to extend the sensing capability of the SCADA

syste!" 0owever, it is di1cult to integrate sensor networs with current SCADA syste!

due to their li!ited interoperability" %e identify that enabling such interoperability is a

i!portant tas for future SCADA syste!s"

Another drawbac of the current SCADA syste!s is their li!ited extensibility to new

applications" #n the above oileld !onitoring exa!ple, a user in the eld can only access

sensor2s data by physically going to that well and connecting to its *$U" #f the co!pany

wants to extend its SCADA syste! by adding a safety alar! syste!, it will be very di1cu

to add the new application"

$he original application only !onitors well production at predened intervals or o

de!and" $he new application requires realti!e interaction between sensors and !obil

users in the eld" $he *$Us that detect a safety proble! need to proactively report th

proble! without waiting" $he rigid design of current *$Us !aes it hard to extend theSCADA fro! one application to another"

Deploying a SCADA syste! in a large eld is very expensive #f the SCADA syste! i

interoperable with new technologies, such as sensor networs, and extensible for new

applications, it will be able to signicantly i!prove the productivity at a !ini!al cost"

1.4 RESEARCH ISSUES

$his section identies !a-or research issues to enable interoperability an

extensibility of future SCADA syste!s" %e roughly classify the! in three categories)

• +lexible co!!unication architecture,

• 3pen and interoperable protocols, and

• S!art re!ote ter!inal units"


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1.4.1 Flexible Co!"i#$%io" A'i%e#%!&e

Current SCADA syste!s are essentially a centrali/ed co!!unication syste!, wher

the data server polls each re!ote ter!inal unit (*$U to collect data" $here is no dat

sharing and forwarding between di4erent *$Us" Usually these *$Us only co!!unicate wit

the data server" $his co!!unication architecture is not .exible to interact with othe

syste!s, such as the e!bedded sensor networs and !obile users in the eld" Designing

.exible co!!unication architecture is one of the ey factors to enable interoperability and

extensibility"

1.4.2 O(e" A") I"%e&o(e&$ble P&o%o#ol*

%e suggest that SCADA syste!s should adopt the use of #nternet technologie

for networing, rather than proprietary or linlevel approaches" collect and !anipulat

di4erent types of sensor data" #t also includes how to discover and congure sensors" A

open protocol should be extensible to support various types of sensors" $hese protocol

should also address what types of data should be trans!itted and to who!" +or exa!ple

raw data are only sent to data server for archival" Status su!!aries will be sent t

!anagers and engineers, while e!ergency safety alar!s should be broadcast to all el

operators"

1.4.3S$&% &eo%e %e&i"$l !"i%*

*e!ote ter!inal units play an i!portant role in the new co!!unication architecture

we described above" $hey serve as bridge points to sensor networs as well as acces

points to !obile users in the eld" $hey respond to users queries and collect data fro!

specic sensors" $hese *$Us should be s!art enough to perfor! preli!inary dat

processing" $he rst reason is to validate the data collected fro! di4erent sensors" Sensor

can give false values due to various reasons" #t is i!portant to validate the! before use

the! to !ae i!portant decisions" +or exa!ple, in oileld !onitoring, a false senso

reading !ay result in a !istaen decision to shut in a well and lose production" $he *$U is

in a good position to validate sensor readings by cross checing fro! ad-acent sensors"Another reason of requiring s!art *$Us is that they are i!portant in changing th

reactive operation to proactive operation" Current SCADA syste!s !ainly operate in th

reactive !ode, where data are usually sent in response to the data server2s polling"

#n a new class of applications, detection needs to be done in real ti!e, and event

need to be reported i!!ediately, such as pipeline leaage, or 05S detection" #ntelligen

algorith!s will run on these s!art *$Us to process data in real ti!e"


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+inally, these *$Us need to be s!art enough to protect data fro! unauthori/ed

access and altering" Access control and security !easures need to be installed to protec

the sensing syste! fro! attacers and ensure data integrity"

1.+ POTENTIAL ,ENEFITS OF SCADA

$he benets one can expect fro! adopting a SCADA syste! for the control o

experi!ental physics facilities can be su!!ari/ed as follows)

6 a rich functionality and extensive develop!ent facilities" $he a!ount of e4or

invested in SCADA product a!ounts to 78 to 988 pyears:

6 the a!ount of specic develop!ent that needs to be perfor!ed by the enduser i

li!ited, especially with suitable engineering"

6 reliability and robustness" $hese syste!s are used for !ission critical industria

processes where reliability and perfor!ance are para!ount" #n addition, speci

develop!ent is perfor!ed within a wellestablished fra!ewor that enhance

reliability and robustness"

6 technical support and !aintenance by the vendor"

+or large collaborations, as using a SCADA syste! for their controls ensures

co!!on fra!ewor not only for the develop!ent of the specic applications but also fo

operating the detectors" 3perators experience the sa!e; loo and feel; whatever part o

the experi!ent they control" 0owever, this aspect also depends to a signicant extent o

proper engineering"1.- CY,ER SECURITY FOR SCADA

Cyber security for SCADA Syste!s provides a highlevel overview of this uniqu

technology, with an explanation of each !aret seg!ent" Cyber security for SCADA

Syste!s is suitable for the nontechnical !anage!ent level personnel as well as #

personnel without SCADA experience" $he security issues with SCADA syste!s as follows )

$raditionally SCADA syste!s were designed around reliability and safety" Securit

was not a consideration" 0owever, security of these syste!s is increasingly beco!ing a

issue due to)

• increasing reliance on public teleco!!unications networs to lin previousl

separate SCADA syste!s is !aing the! !ore accessible to electronic attacs<

• increasing use of published open standards and protocols, in particular #nterne

technologies, expose SCADA syste!s to #nternet vulnerabilities


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• the interconnection of SCADA syste!s to corporate networs !ay !ae the!

accessible to undesirable entities<

• lac of !echanis!s in !any SCADA syste!s to provide condentiality o

co!!unications !eans that intercepted co!!unications !ay be easily read<

• lac of authentication in !any SCADA syste!s !ay result in a syste! user2s identit

not being accurately conr!ed"

1.-.1 SCADA Se#!&i%

$he !a-ority of SCADA syste!s have useful lifeti!es ranging fro! 97 to =8 years" #

!ost instances the underlying protocols were designed without !odern security

require!ents in !ind" $he rapid advance of technology and the changing busines

environ!ent is driving change in SCADA networ architecture, introducing new

vulnerabilities to legacy syste!s"

$he current push towards greater e1ciency, consolidated production platfor!s an

larger co!panies with s!aller sta1ng levels is leading to changes in SCADA syste!

which are raising !any questions about security"

#n su!!ary, these involve)

• an increasing reliance on public teleco!!unications networs to lin previousl

separate SCADA syste!s<

• increasing use of published open standards and protocols, in particular #nterne

technologies< and

• the interconnection of SCADA syste!s to other business networs to enhance th

a!ount, detail and ti!eliness of infor!ation available to !anage!ent"

1.-.2Coo)i% I"/&$*%&!#%!&e

$he changes in SCADA syste!s have exposed the! to vulnerabilities that !ay no

have existed before" +or exa!ple, the switch fro! using leased teleco!!unications line

to public infrastructure i"e" &ublic CD>A and ?S> networs, the use of co!!odit

co!puters running co!!odity software and the change fro! proprietary to ope

standards have !eant that vulnerabilities have been introduced into SCADA syste!s"

1.-.3Ne%0o& A'i%e#%!&

1.-.4 @4ective networ design which provides the appropriate a!ount of seg!entation

between the #nternet, the co!pany2s corporate networ, and the SCADA networ is

critical to ris !anage!ent in !odern SCADA syste!s" etwor architecture

weaness can increase the ris fro! #nternet and other sources of intrusion"


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1.-.4Co")e"%i$li%

?enerally, there are no !echanis!s in SCADA to provide condentiality o

co!!unications" #f lower level protocols do not provide this condentiality then SCADA

transactions are co!!unicated Bin the clear !eaning that intercepted co!!unication

!ay be easily read"

1.-.+A!%'e"%i#$%io"

>any SCADA syste!s give little regard to security, often lacing the !e!ory an

bandwidth for sophisticated password or authentication syste!s" As a result there is n

!echanis! to deter!ine a syste! user2s identity or what that user is authori/ed to access

$his allows for the in-ection of false requests or replies into the SCADA syste!"

1.-.-L$# o/ *e**io" *%&!#%!&e

SCADA syste!s often lac a session structure which, when co!bined with the lac o

authentication, allow the in-ection of erroneous or rogue requests or replies into the syste!

without any prior nowledge of what has gone on before"

CHAPTER 2

SYSTE DEOLPENT

2.1 ,LOC5 DIAGRA

$he bloc diagra! of the SCADA based power control syste! is shown)


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Fi6!&e 2.1 ,lo# Di$6&$ O/ %'e SCADA $") PLC b$*e) #o"%&ol **%e

2.2 $i" #o(o"e"%* o/ (&o7e#% $&e $* /ollo08

9" S>&S (5E FDC

5" *@'AGS ( 5E FDC, 78HI80/5E FDC, 78HI80/

=" Serial #nterface (*S5=5

E" &'C (IHE

7" C3>&U$@*

2.2.1 SWITCH ODE POWER SUPPLY 9SPS:

$he picture of S>&S used is shown below and their features are as follows) 0ig

e1ciency, high reliability,

AC input range selected by switch

988J full load burnin test"


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P&o%e#%io"*8 Short circuitH 3ver loadH

3ver voltage +ixed switching frequency

at 57K0/"

Die"*io"*8 9LLM998M78!!

'M%M0

Fi6!&e 2.2.1 P'*i#$l S%&!#%!&e O/ SPS

&oint to note for selecting a S>&S"

9" All para!eters 3$ specially !entioned are !easured at 5=8FAC input, rated loa

and 57MC of a!bient te!perature"

5" *ipple N noise are !easured at 58>0/ of bandwidth by using a 95Otwisted pairwir

ter!inated with a 8"9P N EQP parallel capacitor"

=" @ach output can within current range" Rut total output power can2t exceed rated load"

E" $he power supply is considered a co!ponent which will be installed into a na

equip!ent" $he nal equip!ent !ust be reconr!ed that it still !eets @>C directives"

2.2.2 POWER RELAYS

$he coil of a relay passes a relatively large current, typically Qa for a 5EF relay, but

can be as !uch as 988!A for relays designed to operate fro! lower voltages" >ost #C

(chips cannot provide this current and a transistor is usually used to a!plify the s!all #Ccurrent to the larger value required for the relay coil"

*elays are usually S&D$ or D&D$ but they can have !any !ore sets of switc

contacts, for exa!ple relays with E sets of changeover contacts are readily available" +o

further infor!ation about switch contacts and the ter!s used to describe the!" %e are

using three relays in our pro-ect " $he picture of the relay used is shown below)

SMPS (+24VDC)SMPS (+24VDC)

Inputs 115 AC (2.4A) , 230AC (4.5A)Inputs 115 AC (2.4A) , 230AC (4.5A)

Outputs +24V (4.5A)Outputs +24V (4.5A)

http://zettlernb.en.alibaba.com/product/0/52313152/Others/Power_relay/showimg.html


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Fi6!&e 2.2.2 P'*i#$l S%&!#%!&e O/ Po0e& Rel$

$he need to consider several features when choosing a relay)

2.2.2.1 P'*i#$l Si;e A") Pi" A&&$"6ee"%

#f you are choosing a relay for an existing &CR you will need to ensure that

di!ensions and pin arrange!ent are suitable" Gou should nd this infor!ation in t

suppliers catalogue"

2.2.2.2 Coil ol%$6e

$he relays coil voltage rating and resistance !ust suit the circuit powering the rela

coil" >any relays have a coil rated for a 95F supply but 7F and 5EF relays are also readily

available" So!e relays operate perfectly well with a supply voltage which is a little lowe

than their rated value"

2.2.2.3 Coil Re*i*%$"#e

$he circuit !ust be able to supply the current required by the relay coil" Gou can us

3h!s law to calculate the current) FoltageH*esistance

2.2.2.4 S0i%#' R$%i"6* 9ol%$6e $")

C!&&e"%:

$he relays switch contacts !ust be suitable for the circuit they are to control" Go

will need to chec the voltage and current ratings" ote that the voltage rating is usually

higher for AC, for exa!ple) ;7A at 5EF DC or 957F AC;"

2.2.2.+ S0i%#' Co"%$#% A&&$"6ee"% 9SPDT< DPDT e%#:


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>ost relays are S&D$ or D&D$ which are often described as ;single pole changeover

(S&C3 or ;double pole changeover; (D&C3"

A)=$"%$6e* %o !*e o/ Rel$*8

• *elays can switch AC and DC, transistors can only switch DC"

• *elays can switch high voltages, transistors cannot"

• *elays are a better choice for switching large currents (T 7A"

• *elays can switch !any contacts at once"

2.2.3 SERIAL INTERFACE 9RS232:

2.2.3.1 RS232 Se&i$l C$ble L$o!%

Al!ost nothing in co!puter interfacing is !ore confusing than selecting the righ

*S5=5 serial cable" $hese pages are intended to provide infor!ation about the !os

co!!on serial *S5=5 cables in nor!al co!puter use, or in !ore co!!on language ;0ow

do # connect devices and co!puters using *S5=5;"

2.2.3.2 RS232 Se&i$l Co""e#%o& Pi" A**i6"e"%.

$he *S5=5 connector was originally developed to use 57 pins" #n this D,2

connector pin out provisions were !ade for a secondary serial *S5=5 co!!unicatio

channel" #n practice, only one serial co!!unication channel with acco!panyin

handshaing is present" 3nly very few co!puters have been !anufactured where bot

serial *S5=5 channels are i!ple!ented" @xa!ples of this are the Sun Sparc Station 98 and

58 !odels and the Dec Alpha >ultia" Also on a nu!ber of $elebit !ode! !odels th

secondary channel is present" #t can be used to query the !ode! status while the !ode!

is online and busy co!!unicating" 3n personal co!puters, the s!aller D,> version i

!ore co!!only used today" $he diagra!s show the signals co!!on to both connectotypes in blac" $he dened pins only present on the larger connector are shown in red

ote, that the protective ground is assigned to a pin at the large connector where th

connector outside is used for that purpose with the D,> connector version"

$he pin out is also shown for the D@C !odied !odular -ac" $his type of connecto

has been used on syste!s built by Digital @quip!ent Corporation< in the early days one o

the leaders in the !ainfra!e world" Although this serial interface is di4erential (the receiv

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and trans!it have their own .oating ground level which is not the case with regula

*S5=5 it is possible to connect *S5=5 co!patible devices with this interface because th

voltage levels of the bit strea!s are in the sa!e range

Fi6!&e 2.2.3 9$: RS232 Se&i$l Co""e#%o& Pi" A**i6"e"%.

Fi6!&e 2.2.39#: Co""e#%io" Di$6&$ O/ Se&i$l I"%e&/$#e RS 2329Fe$le $") $l

P$&%:

CHAPTER 3

PROGRAA,LE LOGIC CONTROLLER 9PLC:

3. ICROLOGI 1@@@ PROGRAA,LE CONTROLLERS

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$he >icro'ogix 9888 &rogra!!able Controllers are designed to electronically contro

your application" $he controllers are available in either 9I #H3 points (98 inputs and

outputs or =5 #H3 points (58 inputs and 95 outputs in 7 electrical congurations" $he #H3

options and electrical congurations !ae the! ideal for al!ost any application"

$he controllers are progra!!ed in fa!iliar ladder logic" $his sy!bolic progra!!in

language is based on relay ladder wiring diagra!s that si!plify the creation an

troubleshooting of your control progra!" $he co!prehensive instruction set include

si!ple bit, ti!er, and counter instructions as well as powerful application instructions suc

as sequencers, highspeed counter, and shift registers"

$o get your application running s!oothly, you need a quic and si!ple way t

progra! your controller" $he >icro'ogix 9888 &rogra!!able Controller fa!ily o4ers yo

two software pacages and one diagnostic handheld progra!!er to help you acco!plis

this tas"

$he >icroFiew 3perator #nterface enables you to !onitor and control you

application with a co!bination of large !e!ory capacity, .exible le addressing, user

dened function eys, and an easytoread display" Contact your local AllenRradle

distributor for !ore infor!ation concerning the >icroFiew 3perator #nterface an

accessories

3.1 H$&)0$&e O=e&=ie0

$he >icro'ogix 9888 progra!!able controller is a pacaged controller containing power supply, input circuits, output circuits, and a processor" $he controller is available i

98 #H3, 9I #H3 and =5 #H3 congurations, as well as an analog version with 58 discrete #H3

and 7 analog #H3" %e are using 98 #H3 Conguration)

#n such &'C, #nputs are six and outputs are four" $he picture of the &'C used is shown

below)

Fi6!&e 3.1 P'*i#$l S%&!#%!&e O/ PLC 9i#&olo6ix 1@@@:

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3.2 PLC* I"(!% A") O!%(!%* Te&i"$l*

$wo #H3 point si/es (i"e", 9I and =5 #H3" Covers a breadth of applications"

+ive electrical congurations" 34ers you a controller that !eets your electrica

require!ents)

9" 5EF dc inputs and relay outputs with a 958H5E8F ac power supply"

5" 958F ac inputs and relay outputs with a 958H5E8F ac power supply"

=" 5EF dc inputs and relay outputs with a 5EF dc power supply"

E" 5EF dc inputs and 5EF dc +@$ and relay outputs with a 5EF dc power Supply"

7" 958F ac inputs and triac and relay outputs with a 958H5E8F ac power supply"

+ive output co!!ons on relay output units and three on >3S+@$ units (at least tw

isolated relays per controller" Allows outputs on the sa!e unit to switch di4erent contro

voltages"

• >ultiple input co!!ons" Allows the controller with DC inputs to accept sin an

source type sensors"

• Co!pact si/e" @nables the >icro'ogix 9888 &rogra!!able Controller to t in tigh

spaces"

• Ad-ustable DC input lters" Allows you to custo!i/e your input response ti!e t

various applications" +or a listing of the ad-ustable DC input lter settings"

• Ruiltin sensor DC power supply on AC powered units" @li!inates the need for a

external DC power supply in !any applications"

• *S5=5 co!!unication channel" Allows you to connect the controller directly to you

personal co!puter or telephone !ode!"

• Autoranging AC power supply" Allows you to install the >icro'ogix 988

&rogra!!able Controller in virtually any application worldwide"

• 3@> protection" Allows you to protect proprietary algorith!s, prevent progra!

alterations, and stop unauthori/ed access to the controller$he hardware feature o

the controller are)

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•

Fi6!&e 3.2 H$&)0$&e S%&!#%!&e O/ PLC

3.3 Ho&i;o"%$l ie0 O/ PLC

Fi6!&e 3.3 Ho&i;o"%$l ie0 O/ PLC

3.4 e&%i#$l ie0 O/ PLC

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Fi6!&e 3.4 e&%i#$l ie0 o/ PLC

3.+ Wi&i"6 Di$6&$ O/ PLC

$he connection with wires as shown in the wiring of &'C

Fi6!&e 3.+ Wi&i"6 Di$6&$ O/ PLC

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3.- Co""e#%io" o/ Co(!%e& Wi%' PLC

$he connection of >icrologix 9888 &'C with &C as point to point connection is shown

below)

Fi6!&e 3.- Poi"% %o Poi"% Co""e#%io" O/ PC To PLC

3.B DH4+ Ne%0o&

3. P&i"#i(le* O/ $#'i"e Co"%&ol

$he controller consists of a builtin power supply, central processing un

(C&U,inputs, which you wire to input devices (such as pushbuttons, proxi!ity sensors

li!it switches, and outputs, which you wire to output devices (such as !otor starters

solidstate relays, and indicator lights"

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%ith the logic progra! entered into the controller, placing the controller in the *u

!ode initiates an operating cycle" $he controller2s operating cycle consists of a series o

operations perfor!ed sequentially and repeatedly, unless altered by your progra! logic"

3.> eo& Fe$%!&e* O/ i#&olo6ix 1@@@ PLC

Ruiltin @@&*3> !e!ory" *etains your progra! and all of your data if your controlle

loses power, eli!inating the need for battery or capacitor bacup" 3pti!i/ed 9K use

!e!ory capacity" &rovides a!ple !e!ory to !eet your application needs including)

• over Q=7 word application progra!"

• !ore than 578 data words co!prised of 795 bits, E8 ti!ers, =5 counters, 9I controls

987 integers, and == diagnostic registers co!prehensive instruction set"

Allows you to develop a progra! using over I7 progra!!ing instructions fro! th

following categories)

– bit

– ti!erHcounter

– co!parison

– !ath

– data handling

– progra! .ow

– application specic (e"g", sequencer, shift register, and +#+3H'#+3

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– highspeed counter

@1cient instructions" Condenses !ultiple rungs into a single instruction"

3.> P&o#e**i"6 Fe$%!&e* o/ i#&olo6ix 1@@@ PLC

Superior highspeed counter" 34ers i!!ediate control of progra! outputs since th

highspeed counter operates independent of the progra! scan" #n addition, the highspeed

counter provides)

• high count frequency of I"I 0/

• eight operating !odes including up count, bidirectional, and quadrate

• interrupt latency of less than 9!s"

+ast throughput" Allows for typical throughput ti!e of 9"7 !s for a 788 instructio

progra!" $hroughput is the ti!e it taes for the controller to sense an input to the ti!e o

controlling a corresponding output" $o calculate your progra! execution ti!e" $he 3nH34

status in the output i!age table is sent to the outputs to turn physical devices 3n and 34"

• $he status of contacts in the progra! is deter!ined fro! the #H3 tables"

• #nstructions are executed"

• ew status of output coils and registers are written to the output i!age table"

$he 3nH34 status of the input devices are read fro! the inputs and written into th

input i!age table" Co!!unication with develop!ent tools< internal houseeeping, such a

updating the ti!e base and status le, and perfor!ing rescan

3.1@ O(e&$%i"6 C#le O/ PLC

• I"(!% *#$" V the ti!e required for the controller to scan and read all input data

typically acco!plished within seconds"

• P&o6&$ *#$" V the ti!e required for the processor to execute the instructions i

the progra!" $he progra! scan ti!e varies depending on the instructions used an

each instruction2s status during the scan ti!e"

• O!%(!% *#$" V the ti!e required for the controller to scan and write all output data

typically acco!plished with in seconds"

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• Se&=i#e #o!"i#$%io"* V the part of the operating cycle in which co!!unicatio

taes place with other devices, such as an 00& or personal co!puter"

• Ho!*eee(i"6 $") o=e&'e$) V ti!e spent on !e!ory !anage!ent and updatin

ti!ers and internal registers" Gou enter a logic progra! into the controller using

progra!!ing device" $he logic progra! is based on your electrical relay"

Fi6!&e 3. O(e&$%i"6 C#le O/ PLC

P&o6&$ De=elo(e"% P&o#e** Fo& PLC $* /ollo0* 8

Ho0 o! 0$"% o!& $!%o$%e) (&o#e** %o o(e&$%e ?

•

#dentify the hardware require!ents"• >atch inputs and outputs with actions of the process"

• Add these actions to the functional specications"

Do o! "ee)8

• Special interrupt routinesW

• 0ighspeed counting featuresW

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• Sequencing 3perationsW

• +#+3 or '#+3 stac operationsW

• >ae sure #H3 addresses !atch correct input and output devices"

• @nter progra! using the progra!!ing device"

• *eview your functional specication and detailed analysis for !issing or inco!plet

infor!ation"

• >onitor and, if necessary, troubleshoot the progra! that you entered"

• *esulting progra!s should !atch functional specications"

3.12 So/%0$&e Fe$%!&e* o/ i#&olo6ix 1@@@

Roth the >icro'ogix 9888 &rogra!!ing Software (v9"8 or later and A&S software

(v7"9 or later o4er)

• &rogra! docu!entation" Allows you to add co!!ents to rungs, instructions,

and addresses"

• 3nline context sensitive help" >aes progra!!ing and troubleshooting easier t

perfor!"

• Cut, copy, and paste editor" Allows you to e1ciently !odify your ladder logi

progra!"

• Search and replace" Allows quic !odication of ladder logic to acco!!odat

progra! changes"

• *S5=5 D+9 full duplex protocol" Supports re!ote progra!!ing through

telephone !ode!"

• &rogra! reports" Allows you to create processor conguration, cross reference

progra! listing, and data table reports"

• ?lobal language support" &rovides separate progra!!ing pacages #n @nglish

+rench, ?er!an, #talian, and Spanish"

• Co!!and line entry of instructions and para!eters" Saves ti!e by reducin

eystroes"

3.13 S*%e Re!i&ee"%* /o& i#&olo6ix 1@@@

Roth the >icro'ogix 9888 &rogra!!ing Software (v9"8 or later and A&S ( v7"9 o

later can be used with)

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• AllenRradley $EQ or $Q8 ter!inal

• =XIHSY

• @C F@*SA @ Series oteboo

• ?A$@%AG 5888 !odels =XIDYH57, =XIDY==, EXIDYH==, EXIDY5H78, an

EXIDY5HII personal co!puters

$he co!puter !ust have)• IE8 Kbytes of *A> (At least 5 !eg" of extended !e!ory is required"

• 98 > byte xeddis drive (A&S requires ="7 >bytes of free dis space"

• D3S version ="= or higher

3.14 Po0e& Di*%&ib!%io"

$here are so!e points about power distribution that you should now)

• $he !aster control relay !ust be able to inhibit all !achine !otion by re!ovin

power to the !achine #H3 devices when the relay is deenergi/ed"

• #f you are using a dc power supply, interrupt the load side rather than the ac line

power" $his avoids the additional delay of power supply turno4" $he dc power supply

should be powered directly fro! the fused secondary of the transfor!er" &ower to

the dc input and output circuits is connected through a set of !aster control rela

contacts"

3.1+ P&e=e"%i"6 Ex#e**i=e He$%

+or !ost applications, nor!al convective cooling eeps the controller within" $h

specied operating range" @nsure that the specied operating range is !aintained" &rope

spacing of co!ponents within an enclosure is usually su1cient for heat dissipation"

CHAPTER +

Co"#l!*io"

$he trend in auto!ated power syste!s is to use SCADA syste!s based on &'Cs

advanced co!!unication syste!s, and &Cbased software" $his pro-ect presents the basi

nowledge needed to choose technology, design a syste!, and select a SCADA syste!" +o

power control SCADAs !ostly used as designing, integrating, installing, and !aintainin

auto!ated power syste!s as follows )

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• Control syste! architecture, design, and specication generation

• CADbased layout and design of control enclosures and *$Us

• +abrication of control panels in a U'certied shops"

• SCADA software progra!!ing fro! leading vendors lie *3CK%@''"

• #ntegration of industriallyhardened &'Cbased control syste!s"

• +ield startup, calibration, and training services"

• Support and !aintenance services for existing syste!s

OTHER APPLICATIONS9" %A$@*HC35 #Z@C$#3 %@'' SCADA >3#$3*#? SGS$@>

5" &U>&ZACKHSC*@%&U>& SCADA N $@'@>@$*G"

=" %A$@* D#S&3SA' 0#?0 $AK '@F@' S0U$D3% SGS$@>

E" FA*#AR'@ +*@[U@CG D*#F@ (F+D SCADA C3>>U#CA$#3

7" S@%A?@ $*@A$>@$ &'A$ #+'3% $@'@>@$*G

I" >U#C#&A' %A$@* SGS$@> $A#' @D DA$A @Y$@S#3 N %#D@

A*@A SCADA"

Q" *@>3$@ FA'F@ C3$*3'

X" C@''U'A* $@'@>@$*G

L" %A$@* *@S@*F3#* &U>& C3$*3'

Documents

Scada Project