Secrets inSecrets inLearning EnglishLearning English

ChenzhouChenzhou

May 2014May 2014

TopicsTopics

•Learning EnglishLearning English•Teaching EnglishTeaching English

Learning English - 10Learning English - 10

1.1. English - English - PhonologicalPhonological

2.2. ExceptionsExceptions

3.3. Phonemic / Phonemic / Phonic AwarenessPhonic Awareness

4.4. Syllabic Syllabic AwarenessAwareness

5.5. Pronunciation & Pronunciation & PinyinPinyin

6.6. Over-focus on Over-focus on WordsWords

7.7. Stress & Stress & IntonationIntonation

8.8. Pauses, Pauses, punctuationspunctuations

9.9. Reading and Reading and ResultsResults

10.10.English is DifficultEnglish is Difficult

1.English:Phono-1.English:Phono-LogicalLogical

•English is built on SoundEnglish is built on Sound•中、钟、忠、盅、衷、终、螽 中、钟、忠、盅、衷、终、螽 •仲、种、家、重 仲、种、家、重   •SupercalifragilisticexpialidociousSupercalifragilisticexpialidocious•Super cali fragi listic expi Super cali fragi listic expi

ali do ciousali do cious•AntidisestablishmentarianismAntidisestablishmentarianism•Anti dis establish menta rianAnti dis establish menta rian ismism

Chinese: Logo-Chinese: Logo-GraphicalGraphical

•Shapes – very importantShapes – very important•王 王 // 三；甲 三；甲 // 由； 小 由； 小 // 少少•School begins with School begins with WRITINGWRITING

LOGO - GRAPHICALLOGO - GRAPHICAL

家家 == 家家 家家富富 == 富富 富富福福 == 福福 福福安安 == 家家 女女

東東 == 木木 日日

English: Phono-English: Phono-LogicalLogical

•INTER NATIONALINTER NATIONAL•BREAK FASTBREAK FAST•Sounds must be CORRECTSounds must be CORRECT•Sound to avoid confusionSound to avoid confusion•WOMAN / WOMEN WOMAN / WOMEN [[ 英英 ]]['wɪmɪn]['wɪmɪn]

2. Exceptions2. Exceptions•1.5 million words! Phrases?1.5 million words! Phrases?•10% Exceptions10% Exceptions•Focus on Common SoundsFocus on Common Sounds•Focus on VowelsFocus on Vowels•Enough for TeachingEnough for Teaching•Use Use

http://fanyi.baidu.com/#auto/zh/ http://fanyi.baidu.com/#auto/zh/ http://www.howjsay.com/; http://www.howjsay.com/; http://www.thefreedictionary.cohttp://www.thefreedictionary.com/pronunciationm/pronunciation

3. Phonemic / Phonic 3. Phonemic / Phonic AwarenessAwareness

• How do Chinese students spell?

• Apple: A-P-P-L-E

Native Speaker

APPLEAPPLE

AP PLEAP PLE

Native Speaker

APAPPLEPLE

APAPPLYPLY

APAPPLICATIONPLICATION

APAPPARENTPARENT

APAPPARATUSPARATUS

Native Speaker

APAPPLEPLE

MULTIMULTIPLEPLE

EXAMEXAMPLEPLE

PRINCIPRINCIPLEPLE

DISCIDISCIPLEPLE

• BB

• HH

• LL

• SS

++andand

• BB• FF• LL• SS

++endend

•BB•BlBl•FF•PP

++ondond

•BB•FF•KK•MM

++indind

? + ay? + ay• BBayay

• ClClayay

• DDayay

• FFayay

• GGayay

• HHayay

• JJay ay

• LLayay

• MMayay

• PPayay

• PlPlayay

• RRayay

• SlSlayay

• StStayay

• WWayay

4. Syllabic Awareness4. Syllabic Awareness

•English Words : multi-English Words : multi-soundsound

Sy lla blesSy lla bles• Mor ningMor ning• Din nerDin ner• Sho werSho wer• Thir tyThir ty

• U sual lyU sual ly• Li sLi sttenen

• Note bookNote book• Week endWeek end• Class mateClass mate• Break fastBreak fast• Bed timeBed time• Pair workPair work

5. Pronunciation & 5. Pronunciation & PinyinPinyin

•Pinyin developed Pinyin developed OverseasOverseas

•Most phonemes are the Most phonemes are the SAMESAME

Sounds Example

b [b]baby, best, buy, bring, blind, absent, about, number, labor, robber, tub

c[s] center, cellar, cigarette, cinema, agency, notice;

[k] cake, come, cucumber, clean, cry, scratch, act, panic

d [d]day, dear, die, door, duty, admire, hidden, lady, kind, ride, ended

f [f]fast, female, five, forest, fund, fry, flight, often, deaf, cuff

g

[g]game, gap, get, go, gun, great, global, giggle, ago, begin, dog, egg;

[j]general, gin, giant, agent, suggest, Egypt, energy, huge, manage;

[zh] mirage, garage, beige, rouge

h[h] hair, help, history, home, hotel, hunt, behind, inherit;

[-] hour, honor, honest, heir, vehicle, Sarah

j [j] jam, Jane, jet, jelly, Jim, jingle, joke, John, June, just

Vowels DifferencesVowels Differences

•Long Short VowelsLong Short Vowels

1a1a

1b1b

Accuracy ImportantAccuracy Important

•SHEETSHEET == 床单床单•I like your sheet.I like your sheet.–I like your sh*t.I like your sh*t.

•FORK = FORK = 叉子叉子•WhatWhat beautiful forks.beautiful forks.–What beautiful f**ks.What beautiful f**ks.

Accuracy ImportantAccuracy Important

•I’ll I’ll wwait for you.ait for you.•I’llI’ll wwet for you.(et for you.( 尿裤子）尿裤子）

Non-native VowelsNon-native Vowels

• ur as in bur as in bururnn• oi as in boi as in boioill• ow as in dow as in dowownn• air as in stair as in stairair• ear as in fear as in fearear

Non-native PhonemesNon-native Phonemes

• j as in juj as in judgedge• ch as in ch as in chchururchch• th as in th as in ththinin• th as in th as in ththeseese• sh as in sh as in shshouldould• zh as in treazh as in treasusure, vire, vissionion• v as in v as in vvanan

Accuracy ImportantAccuracy Important

•I gave my girl friend a I gave my girl friend a veilveil..

•I gave my girl friend a I gave my girl friend a whwhale. (ale. ( 鲸鱼）鲸鱼）

6. Over-focus on 6. Over-focus on WordsWords

• j as in juj as in judgedge• ch as in ch as in chchururchch• th as in th as in ththinin• th as in th as in ththeseese• sh as in sh as in shshouldould• zh as in treazh as in treasusure, vire, vissionion• v as in v as in vvanan

Difficult SoundsDifficult Sounds

•Not too Strong, e.g.Not too Strong, e.g.–OILOIL–ZZebras in the ebras in the zzoo ……oo ……–ThThese ese ththings are ings are ththin.in.–My broMy brothther boer boththererss me. me.

Consonant SoundsConsonant Sounds

•Leading (Onset) – Leading (Onset) – StrongerStronger

•Middle (Nucleus) – Middle (Nucleus) – WeakerWeaker

•EndingEnding (Coda) – Weaker(Coda) – Weaker•Extra Sounds!Extra Sounds!

Connected SpeechConnected Speech

• My mother is a cook.My mother is a cook.–My MMy Mararther is a cookther is a cookerer..

• I like this book very much.I like this book very much.– I like this bookI like this bookerer very m very mararch.ch.

• It was the best of all.It was the best of all.– EaEat wat waltzltz the best of the best of wwall.all.

• e.g. oie.g. oill, , chchururchch• My brother bothers him.My brother bothers him.–My broMy brothther boer boththers ers SaSahheeeem.m.

7. Stress & Intonation7. Stress & Intonation

•Key words give meaning Key words give meaning to sentence.to sentence.

月落乌啼霜满天

江枫渔火对愁眠

姑苏城外寒山寺

夜半钟声到客船

Key Words

The Christmas lights are flashing,

In gold and red and green,

And high above the starlight

Is silver and serene.

Key Words

The Christmas lights are flashing,

In gold and red and green,

And high above the starlight

Is silver and serene.

♪ ♪ ♫

Rhythm - StressRhythm - Stress

Now the wind is blowing,Now the wind is blowing,

Now the wind is strong,Now the wind is strong,

Now the winter freezes,Now the winter freezes,

The darkness will be long.The darkness will be long.

Now we see the starlight,Now we see the starlight,

In the midnight sky,In the midnight sky,

The cold will be coming,The cold will be coming,

With snow flying by.With snow flying by.

Rhythm - Stress Rhythm - Stress

Now Now thethe wind wind isis blowing, blowing,

Now Now thethe wind wind isis strong, strong,

Now Now thethe winter freezes, winter freezes,

TheThe darkness will be long. darkness will be long.

Now Now wewe see see thethe starlight, starlight,

In In thethe midnight sky, midnight sky,

TheThe cold will be coming, cold will be coming,

WithWith snow flying by. snow flying by.

♪ ♪

What about ProseWhat about Prose

• It was Thursday afternoon and It was Thursday afternoon and there was no school. In my father’s there was no school. In my father’s armchair I sat, watching the armchair I sat, watching the raindrops trickling down the raindrops trickling down the window panes. Mother was making window panes. Mother was making lemon tea as the clock struck four. lemon tea as the clock struck four. The tune she sang was pure The tune she sang was pure pleasure to hear and her voice soon pleasure to hear and her voice soon put me into a trance. I closed my put me into a trance. I closed my eyes and very soon drifted like a eyes and very soon drifted like a feather into Never Never Land.feather into Never Never Land.

• It was Thursday afternoon and It was Thursday afternoon and there was no school. In my father’s there was no school. In my father’s armchair I sat, watching the armchair I sat, watching the raindrops trickling down the raindrops trickling down the window panes. Mother was making window panes. Mother was making lemon tea as the clock struck four. lemon tea as the clock struck four. The tune she sang was pure The tune she sang was pure pleasure to hear and her voice soon pleasure to hear and her voice soon put me into a trance. I closed my put me into a trance. I closed my eyes and very soon drifted like a eyes and very soon drifted like a feather into Never Never Land.feather into Never Never Land.

• It was It was Thursday afternoon Thursday afternoon and and there wasthere was no school no school. In my father’s . In my father’s armchair I sat, watching the armchair I sat, watching the raindrops trickling down the raindrops trickling down the window panes. Mother was making window panes. Mother was making lemon tea as the clock struck four. lemon tea as the clock struck four. The tune she sang was pure The tune she sang was pure pleasure to hear and her voice soon pleasure to hear and her voice soon put me into a trance. I closed my put me into a trance. I closed my eyes and very soon drifted like a eyes and very soon drifted like a feather into Never Never Land.feather into Never Never Land.

• It was It was Thursday afternoon Thursday afternoon and and there wasthere was no school. no school. InIn my father’s my father’s armchair armchair II sat, watching sat, watching thethe raindrops trickling down raindrops trickling down thethe window panes. window panes. Mother was making Mother was making lemon tea as the clock struck four. lemon tea as the clock struck four. The tune she sang was pure The tune she sang was pure pleasure to hear and her voice soon pleasure to hear and her voice soon put me into a trance. I closed my put me into a trance. I closed my eyes and very soon drifted like a eyes and very soon drifted like a feather into Never Never Land.feather into Never Never Land.

• It was It was Thursday afternoon Thursday afternoon and and there wasthere was no school. no school. InIn my father’s my father’s armchair armchair II sat, watching sat, watching thethe raindrops trickling down raindrops trickling down thethe window panes. Mother window panes. Mother waswas making making lemon tea lemon tea as theas the clock struck four. clock struck four. The tune she sang was pure The tune she sang was pure pleasure to hear and her voice soon pleasure to hear and her voice soon put me into a trance. I closed my put me into a trance. I closed my eyes and very soon drifted like a eyes and very soon drifted like a feather into Never Never Land.feather into Never Never Land.

• It was It was Thursday afternoon Thursday afternoon and and there wasthere was no school. no school. InIn my father’s my father’s armchair armchair II sat, watching sat, watching thethe raindrops trickling down raindrops trickling down thethe window panes. Mother window panes. Mother waswas making making lemon tea lemon tea as theas the clock struck four. clock struck four. TheThe tune she sang tune she sang waswas pure pure pleasure pleasure toto hear hear andand her voice soon her voice soon put me put me into ainto a trance. trance. I closed my I closed my eyes and very soon drifted like a eyes and very soon drifted like a feather into Never Never Land.feather into Never Never Land.

• It was It was Thursday afternoon Thursday afternoon and and there wasthere was no school. no school. InIn my father’s my father’s armchair armchair II sat, watching sat, watching thethe raindrops trickling down raindrops trickling down thethe window panes. Mother window panes. Mother waswas making making lemon tea lemon tea as theas the clock struck four. clock struck four. TheThe tune tune she she sang sang waswas pure pure pleasure pleasure toto hear hear andand herher voice soon voice soon put put me into ame into a trance. trance. II closed closed mymy eyes eyes andand very soon drifted like very soon drifted like a a feather feather intointo Never Never Land. Never Never Land.

8. Pauses & 8. Pauses & PunctuationsPunctuations

• Allow people to understand.Allow people to understand.

• e.g. The King died in Spring. e.g. The King died in Spring. The Prince was born.The Prince was born.

–The King died. In Spring, The King died. In Spring, the Prince was born.the Prince was born.

8. Pauses & 8. Pauses & PunctuationsPunctuations

• e.g. “Let’s eat, Grandpa.”e.g. “Let’s eat, Grandpa.”

• 我们吃吧，爷爷。我们吃吧，爷爷。• ““Let’s eat Grandpa.”Let’s eat Grandpa.”

• 我们吃爷爷吧！我们吃爷爷吧！

9. Reading & Results9. Reading & Results

• Reading to Support LearningReading to Support Learning

• Learning Language Learning Language In ContextIn Context

• If learning CookingIf learning Cooking

–Using Cookbook?Using Cookbook?

–Watch Cooks and Practise!Watch Cooks and Practise!

10. English is 10. English is DifficultDifficult

• Incorporated Foreign Words Incorporated Foreign Words and Structureand Structure

• CompositCompositionion, Deci, Decisionsion

• Verandah, Verandah,

• RestaurantRestaurant

Teaching English - 10Teaching English - 10

1.1. English - English - PhonologicalPhonological

2.2. ExceptionsExceptions

3.3. Phonemic / Phonemic / Phonic AwarenessPhonic Awareness

4.4. Syllabic Syllabic AwarenessAwareness

5.5. Pronunciation & Pronunciation & PinyinPinyin

6.6. Over-focus on Over-focus on WordsWords

7.7. Stress & Stress & IntonationIntonation

8.8. Pauses, Pauses, punctuationspunctuations

9.9. Reading and Reading and ResultsResults

10.10.English is DifficultEnglish is Difficult

1. Phono-logical1. Phono-logical

•Sounds must be taughtSounds must be taught•Teachers must model Teachers must model good soundsgood sounds

•Primary Students have Primary Students have Special Listening abilitySpecial Listening ability

2. Exceptions2. Exceptions

•Concentrate on the Concentrate on the majoritymajority

3. Phonic Awareness3. Phonic Awareness

•Teach Phonics in ContextTeach Phonics in Context•Phonemic levelPhonemic level–CAT, FAT, BAT, SATCAT, FAT, BAT, SAT–HOW, NOW, BROWN, HOW, NOW, BROWN, COWCOW

•Phonic TreePhonic Tree

4. Syllabic Awareness 4. Syllabic Awareness

•New Words with New Words with SyllablesSyllables

•ClappingClapping•Plenty of Similar WordsPlenty of Similar Words•Word Bank AreaWord Bank Area

5. Pronunciation & 5. Pronunciation & PinyinPinyin

•Accurate Pronunciation Accurate Pronunciation in Teachingin Teaching

•Use Baidu, etc.Use Baidu, etc.

6. Over-focus on 6. Over-focus on WordsWords

•Always teach words in Always teach words in contextcontext

•Plenty of ReadingPlenty of Reading•Recycling Words learnt Recycling Words learnt

earlierearlier•Correct Wrong Sounds Correct Wrong Sounds

ImmediatelyImmediately

7. Stress and 7. Stress and IntonationIntonation

•Use Native MaterialUse Native Material•Improve your own Improve your own IntonationIntonation

•Paced Reading MethodPaced Reading Method

8.Pauses and 8.Pauses and Punctuations Punctuations

•DELIBERATE about PauseDELIBERATE about Pause

9. Reading and 9. Reading and ResultsResults

•Introduce A LOT OF Introduce A LOT OF READINGREADING

10. English is Difficult10. English is Difficult

•Make Learning interestingMake Learning interesting•Language Rich ClassroomsLanguage Rich Classrooms•Reading MaterialsReading Materials•Learning BEYOND THE Learning BEYOND THE LESSONLESSON

•IMPROVE YOURSELFIMPROVE YOURSELF

““ Education is not filling a pail, Education is not filling a pail, but lighting a fire.”but lighting a fire.”

教育并非注满一桶水，而是点亮一团火。教育并非注满一桶水，而是点亮一团火。William Butler YeatsWilliam Butler Yeats

謝謝謝謝