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Sidevõrgud IRT 0020

loeng 2 18. sept. 2005

Avo Ots

telekommunikatsiooni õppetoolraadio- ja sidetehnika instituut

avots@lr.ttu.ee

2

Backbone network design layers

3

Layering

4

Ülemise ja alumised kihidLower three layers are hop-by-hop

Next two layers are end-to-end

Application

Transport

Network

Datalink

Physical

Application

Transport

Network

Datalink

Physical

Network

Datalink

Physical

Physical medium

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Andmeülekanne (loogiline)

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

data

data

data

transport

transport

ack

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Andmeülekanne (füüsiline)

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

networklink

physical

data

data

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Sõnumiülekanne

datagram

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

applicationtransportnetwork

linkphysical

source destination

M

M

M

M

Ht

HtHn

HtHnHl

M

M

M

M

Ht

HtHn

HtHnHl

message

segment

frame

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VahekihidTelnet FTP

packetradio

coaxial cable

fiberoptic

HTTP

HTTPTelnet FTP

packetradio

coaxial cable

fiberoptic

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Funktsioonijaotus

• The application knows the requirements best, place functionality as high in the layer as possible

• If the application can implement a functionality correctly, implement it at a lower layer only as a performance enhancement

• Think twice before implementing a functionality that you believe that is useful to an application at a lower layer

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Töökindlus

• Solution 1: make each step reliable, and then concatenate them

• Solution 2: end-to-end check and retry

L1

L2

L1

sender receiver

L1

L2

router

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Töökindluse tagamine

• The receiver has to do the check anyway!

• Thus, full functionality can be entirely implemented at the upper layer; no need for reliability from lower layers

• Is there any need to implement reliability at lower layers?

L1

L2

L1

sender receiver

L1

L2

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Routed Backbone

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Collapsed backbone

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Central Parking’s collapsed backbone

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ATM Virtual Circuits

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ATM Encapsulation

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Protokollidhttp://www.private.org.il/tcpip_rl.html

http://www.eix.co.uk/Ethernet/

http://www.mfaforum.org/education/atm_presentations.shtml

http://www.mfaforum.org/education/atm_cs.shtml

http://www.mfaforum.org/tech/superdemo_2004.pdf

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ISO OSI vs DoD mudel

Process/

Application

Host-to-Host

Internet

Network Access

7654321

19

T

T G T

T R R

T T

T

Võrkude ja teenuste ühendamine

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N. AmericaN. America

Central & S. AmericaCentral & S. America

W. & E. EuropeW. & E. Europe

Middle East &Middle East & AfricaAfrica

APACAPAC2.5 & 5.8 GHz2.5 & 5.8 GHz

2.5, 3.5 & 5.8 GHz2.5, 3.5 & 5.8 GHz

3.5 & 5.8 GHz3.5 & 5.8 GHz

3.5 & 5.8 GHz3.5 & 5.8 GHz

3.5 & 5.8 GHz3.5 & 5.8 GHz

Licensed Bands• 2.5GHz (2.3-2.4; 2.5-2.7)

• 3.5GHz (3.3-3.7)

Unlicensed Band• 5.8GHz (5.25-5.85)

Spectrum Usage

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Kihtide vahelised seosed

rakendus

esitlus

seanss

transport

võrk

kanal

füüsiline

Võrguteenus

Võrgurakenduse teenus

Transporditeenus

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Mudeli täiendused

DiffServDiffServ

7 Application7 Application

6 Presentation6 Presentation

5 Session5 Session

4 Transport4 Transport

3 Network3 Network

2 Data Link2 Data Link

1 Physical1 Physical

e. g. Workflowe. g. Workflow

G.711 / G.723.1 / G.729G.711 / G.723.1 / G.729

H.323 / H.450 / RTPH.323 / H.450 / RTP

TCP / UDPTCP / UDP

IPIP

MACMAC

Transmission MediumTransmission Medium

802.1 D802.1 D

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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol• RFC0821 (august 1982) J. Postel,

RFC2821 (aprill, 2001)

• Sõnumite töökindlaks saatmiseks

• Klient-server mudel

• Ühendusele orienteeritud ja kinnitustega protokoll

• TCP port 25

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Lõpulingid• Kõik RFC-d:

http://www.ietf.org/iesg/1rfc_index.txt

• Infotehnoloogia reeglid Eesti keele ja kultuuri keskkonnas EVS 8:2000http://www.eki.ee/itstandard/sisukord.html

• www.ieee.org

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Kihid

7

6

5

4

3

2

1 Füüsiline (ühendus)

Kanal

Võrk

Transport

Seanss

Esitlus

Rakendus Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data link

Physical

SSL, WSP

RFC 791 IP,RFC 792 ICMP

TCP RFC 793, UDP RFC 768

WAE, HTTP, RFC821,822

ISO 8859-15

IEEE 802.11a

Cat5, RS-232D

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Physical NetworkPhysical Network

Transmission NetworkTransmission Network

CPECPE CPECPE

Physical NetworkPhysical Network Physical NetworkPhysical Network

Transmission NetworkTransmission Network

Switching

Network

Switching

Network

Application

Layer

Service

Layer

Transmission

Layer

Physical

Layer

PhysicalInterface

LogicalInterface

UNI UNI

NNI NNI

NNI

NNI NNI

ServiceAccessPoint

APPAPP APPAPP

Switching

Network

Switching

NetworkSwitching

Network

Switching

Network

Service

Network

Service

Network

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Service

Access

Service

Access

Service LogicService Logic

ServiceIndependent

Block

ServiceIndependent

Block

Service SwitchService Switch

Service

Control

Service

Switching

Service

Access

ServiceIndependent

Block

ServiceIndependent

Block

Service SwitchService Switch Service SwitchService Switch Service SwitchService Switch

Service LogicService Logic

Service

Access

Service

AccessService

Access

Service

AccessService

Access

Service

AccessService

Access

Service

Access

Service

Components

ServiceIndependent

Block

ServiceIndependent

Block

ServiceIndependent

Block

ServiceIndependent

Block

ServiceIndependent

Block

ServiceIndependent

Block

Call/

Session

Call/

SessionCall/

Session

Call/

SessionCall/

Session

Call/

SessionCall/

Session

Call/

SessionCall/

Session

Call/

SessionCall/

Session

Call/

SessionCall/

Session

Call/

Session

Session Control

(Circuit

Switching control)

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Transmission

Network

Transmission

Network

Packet

Switching Network

Packet

Switching Network

ISP

Applications

ISP

Applications

CPECPE CPECPE

Transmission

Network

Transmission

NetworkTransmission

Network

Transmission

Network

Packet

Switching Network

Packet

Switching Network

ISP

Applications

ISP

ApplicationsISP

Applications

ISP

Applications

Application

Layer

Network

Layer

Transmission

Layer

PhysicalInterface

LogicalInterface

IP IPIP

NNI NNI

ServiceAccessPoint

APPAPP APPAPPServer Server Server

ServerClient

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ATerminal

ATerminal

B Terminal

B Terminal

APortal

BPortal

TransmissionTransmissionAccessAccess AccessAccess

Session ServiceSession Service

Control ServiceControl Service

A Home ServiceA Home Service B Home ServiceB Home ServiceA User Service Management

A User Service Management

B User ServiceManagement

B User ServiceManagement

TransmissionTransmissionAccess ServiceAccess Service Access ServiceAccess Service

TerminalTerminal TerminalTerminalTelecom basic service/call controlTelecom basic service/call control

Off-line customer managementOff-line customer management

Extended call control and IN chargingExtended call control and IN charging

Linear Service Architecture in Legacy Network: Static Services

Two-Dimension Service Architecture in NGN: Active Services

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Link• http://www.mmwave.com/pdf/

Alvarion.pdfKõik RFC-d:http://www.ietf.org/iesg/1rfc_index.txt

• Infotehnoloogia reeglid Eesti keele ja kultuuri keskkonnas EVS 8:2000http://www.eki.ee/itstandard/sisukord.html

• www.ieee.org