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11/28/2010 NHM 1 (LP 08SS-07CSM) 1

GVHD: Th.s TH TRNG


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NI DUNG

1. Vai tr ca nc i vi i sng

ca cy.2. Cc dng nc trong cy , trongt .

3. S vn chuyn nc trong cy :

4. S cn bng nc v trng thi ho

ca cy.5. C s sinh l cho vic ti tiuhp l cho cy.

6 . Mt s phng php ti tiu

S vn chuyn ca r. Vn chuyn nc ca thn. S vn chuyn nc ca l.


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1.Vai tr ca nc i vi i sng ca cy : L thnh phn quan trng cu trc nn cht nguyn sinh ,chim 90% khi lng cht nguyn sinh. Tham gia vo cc phn ng ha sinh . Nc ha tan cc cht hu c v cc cht khong , ri vnchuyn n cc c quan v tch ly vo c quan d tr . L cht iu chnh nhit trong cy. Nc cn c chc nng d tr trong cy .

Gip duy tr sc trng P , thun li cho hot ng sinh lV sinh trng pht trin ca cy .


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Nc khng ch l nhn t quyt nh cc hotng sinh l ca cy m cn quyt nh s phn b ca

chng . Gm :

Cy thy sinh Cy ngp nc nh k

Cy a m Cy trung sinh Cy chu hn


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c trng ca mt s dng cy thng gp

1 2

3

Nhm cy m sinh Nhm cy trung sinh Nhm cy hn sinh

+Nhm cy thch hpvi vng c mcao nh ven h ao,sng sui, rng ti vm

+Thot hi nc ch

yu qua lp cutin.

+Nhm cy sng nhng vng c mva phi.

+Chng phn b rngt vng n i tinhit i.

+Nhm cy sng ccmin sa mc v bn samc.

+c im: t khkhng, b mt l dnggai, r di


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a) Cy thy sinh

BoNht sng trn mt nc

Cy c thn, cy thn t (Stem plant), Rotalagreen sng trn cn c l trn v dy

Cy biu sinh, mini fissident bm trn .


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11/28/2010 NHM 1 (LP 08SS-07CSM) 7Cy xng rng

(Cy hn sinh)

Cy phi lao

(Cy hn sinh)


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Cy thin l (Cy m sinh)

Cy phong lan (Cy m sinh)

Cy la (Cy trung sinh)


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2. Cc dng nc trong cy, trong t

1000g nc

cy hp th

990g ncbay hi

10g nc

gi li

8-9 g nc khng

lin kt ha hc

1-2 g nc linkt ha hc

Phn ln lng nc cy ly vo c th u mt ingay sau thot hi nc , lng nc gi li rt t .

2.1. Cc dng nc trong cy :


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Nc t do Nc lin kt

+Dng nc cha trong cc thnh phnca t bo, trong cc khong gian bo,

trong cc mch dn

+Vn gi c tnh cht vt l, ho hc,sinh hc bnh thng ca nc.

+Vai tr: lm dung mi, tham gia phnng sinh ho, thot hi nc

+Dng nc b cc phn t tch in htbi mt lc nht nh hoc trong cc

lin kt ho hc cc thnh phn ca tbo.

+Khng gi c cc c tnh vt l,ho hc, sinh hc ca nc

+Vai tr: m bo bn vng ca hthng keo trong cht nguyn sinh ca t

bo.



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Ht

keo

Nc t do

Nc lin kt



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Trng thirn

Trng thihi

Trng thilng

Nc hpdn

Nc maodn

Ncmng

Ncngm

2.2 Cc dng nc trong t


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a)Nc hp dn: Sau khi nc lp y cc khe h ca t, th nc s

chy t ni cao n ni thp nc hp dn.

R cy c th hp thu mt phn dng nc ny khichy qua.

b) Nc mao dn: Trong ng mao qun, nc c lp y to nn nc

mao qun.

Nc mao qun lin kt vi nhau bng lc mao qun,

lc ny yu nn cy c th ht c d dng. y l dng nc ch yu, rt c ngha sinh hc vicy.

Cc dng nc trong t


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c)Nc mng:

Cc ht t thng tch in nn xung quanh tomng nc gi l nc mng.

Trong dng nc mng , lp nc pha ngoixa trung tm mang in, lc hp dn nh hn nnrt linh ng v r cy c th ly c d dng.

d) Nc ngm:

Khi phi kh t, trong chng vn cn mt lngnc nht nh m cy khng ht c ncngm.

Lp nc ny nm st b mt ht t b lc htmnh hn nn r cy khng c kh nng ht c.

Cc dng nc trong t


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3. Qu trnh vn chuyn nc trong cy :

3.1. S vn chuyn gn :

Vn chuyn r : Lng ht t bo biu bnhu m v ni b nhu m rutmch dn ca r

Vn chuyn l : Gn l nhu m l t bo

biu b kh khng khng kh ( thot hi nc)


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QUTRNH

VNCHUYN

NCTRONG

CY

Thothi nc

Nc vn chuyntrong thn

Nc t tvo r

CHNG I

CHNG II

CHNG III


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3.1.1 Vn chuyn nc r :Con ng nc t t vo mch dn :

- c thc hin nh lng ht .- Khi sc ht nc ca r thng c sc ht

nc ca t th nc i qua lng ht .- Con ng m nc i t t vo mch phi

qua mt s t bo sng c c trng v giiphu rt khc nhau .


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Lng ht l cc t bo biu b c thnh rt mng kodi thnh si len li vo cc mao qun t htnc v cht khong .


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MCH DN


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b).Cc con ng nc i trong t bo

Nc i qua hng lot cc t bo sng trc khii vo mch g bng 3 con ng:

Nc i qua h thng khngboT t bo ny sang t bo

khc

XYLEM

Nc i qua h thng thnh vch

tbnh gi l Apolast

Nc i trong h thng cht nguynsinh gi l symplast


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Your subtopic goes here

Nc a qua h thng khngbo t TB nysang TB khcNc c xuyn qua cc si lin bo nilin cc khng bo thnh mt h thng t

lng ht n TB biu b, nhu m v, nib, nhu m rut, v mch dnng lc a nc l sc gt nc tngdn t lng ht n mch dn

Nc i t h thng chtnguyn sinh gi lsymlastCNS ca cc TB ni vinhau bng si lin bong lc ch yu: lcht trng ca h thngkeo NSC

Nc i trong h thng thnhvchTB gi l apoplastTrong thnh vch TB c hthng mao qun thng sutvi nhau.tuy nhin n vng

ai caspar th nc b chn,nc phi xuyn qua TB nib nh h thng CNS 2 mtcha ha bnng lc: lc ht ca ccmao qun, lc trng ca

keo trong thnh TB


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3.1.2 Vn chuyn nc ca l :

i theo 3 con ng : i trong h thng cht nguyn sinh i qua h thng khng bo i trong thnh vch t bo


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Thot hi nc : ngha ca qu trnh thot hinc .

Cc ch tiu nh gi s thothi nc . S thot hi nc qua cutin S thot hi nc qua kh khng.


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Th nghim v s thot hi nc

Tt c cc c

quan ca cyu c khnng bay hinc vo kh quyn , nhngquan trng vch yu nht ls bay hi quab mt l gi l

s thot hinc .


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a) ngha ca s thot hi nc

S thot hinc kh khng

m ra.

CO2

ivo cung cpcho quang hp

Thot hi nc to ng lc cho ht v vnchuyn ca nc v khong trong cy.


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Thot hi

nc lmgim nhit l Cc cht

Khong tantrong nc

nh dng thothi nc m

vn chuyn nb phn ca cy


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b) Cc ch tiu nh gi s thot hi nc :

Cng thot hi nc :

Tnh bng lng nc bay hi i ( gam hay kilogamtrn mt n v dintch l ( dm2 hay m2 ) trong mtn v thi gian ( pht hay gi )

ngha : - Bit c kh nng thot hi nc , ctnh ca ging cy khc nhau .

- Bit c nhu cu nc ca cy trng .


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H s thot hi nc :Tnh bng lng nc bay hi i to nn mt n vcht kh.

H sut thot hi nc :Tnh bng s gam cht kh to nn khi bay hi mt

gam nc bi thc vt . Thot hi nc tng i :

L t s so snh gia lng nc thot i qua bmt l so vi lng nc bay hi qua mt thong c

cng din tch vi l trong cng mt thi gian bay hi .


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c) S thot hi nc qua cutin

Hi nc khuch tn t khong gian botht l qua lp cutin ra ngoi khng kh


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Xng rng cng thot hi nc qua cutinthp xp x 0,05%

Cng thot hinc qua cutin cao 10%


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d) S thot hi nc qua kh khng

Gm hai giai on

GIAI ON INc t th lng sang th

hi (din ra trong tb tht l)khuych tn vo khong

gian bo tht l

GIAI ON IIHi nc t khong gian

Bo tht l qua kh khngra ngoi khng kh


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S lng kh khng khcnhau loi , h v nhnggiai on pht trin khc

nhau .

Cng loi nhng khc

h nn s lng khkhng khc nhau .


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Quy lut ng m kh khng

i a s thc vt , khi c nh sng bnh minh th kh khng btu h m . Theo cng nh sng tng dn , kh khng m todnv t cc i vo nhng gi ban tra . Bui chiu , khi cng nh sng gim dn th kh khng cng khp dn v ng hnvo lc hong hn . Ban m , kh khng hon ton khp li .


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Kh khng m Kh khng ng

S ng m kh khng


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Kh khng h m n m to


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S vn ng ca K+ km theo 3 hiu ng:+ T bo kh khng tit H+ trao i vi ionK+ t t bo km

+ trung ho v in cn c anion i km.Trong a s trng hp ion Cl- c vai tr

+ Tuy nhin mt mnh Cl- khng trung ho in tch do K+ xm nhp vo. V vyhnh thnh axit hu c c bit l axit malic c vaitr quan trng. Axit malic hnh thnh phng H+ trao i vi

K+v to nn mui malt vi K+


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c) Quan im v vai tr cca axit abxixic(ABA)

Nu t bo tht l qu kh, thiu nc v th nng nctrong t bo qu m th cc t bo tht l s gii phng rahooc mn thc vt l axit abxixic ( ABA)

ABA lin kt vi cc th th(R) trn b mt ca mng tbo cht ca t bo ng.

Phc h ABA-R hot ho mt chui emzym trong t bo: Hot ho bm H+ trn mng t bo y H+ ra khi t bo

l kh, do lm tng pH trong t bo..

Hot ho bm Ca2+ do tng qu trnh vn chuynca Ca2+ t khng bo vo trong t bo cht.


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Q h i b hi (1) th t hi (2) i hit kh kh


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0 10 20 30 40 50 Nhit , C0

Thot

hi

nc

1

2

Quan h gia bay hi nc (1) v thot hi nc (2) vi nhit khng kh.

S PH THUCCAQU TRNH BAYHI V NHIT L S PHTHUCTUYN TNH. S PH THUCCA THOTHI NCV NHIT LI C GiIHN:

+ Trong phm vi t 0 n 30-35 th c 2 qu trnh nh nhau.

+ khi nhit tng ln na, tv phi ng kh khng gim thot hi nc.


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ng thy tinh

Thy ngn

ng ni bngcao su

Dch t r

Th nghim chng t p sut r y nc t di ln


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LNG NCGIM

THOTHINC

Th nghim chng t sc ko thot hi nc


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Bng2.4: Sc ht nc ( S) & chnh lch sc ht nc trongh thng cy - t - khng kh ( cy nh , t nc , m

khng kh 50%200C,S=1000atm )

H thng sinh thi S( atm) S (atm)

t 0.5

R 2.0 1.5Thn cy 5.0 3.0

L cy 15.0 10

Khng kh 1000 985


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H thng qun bo

Chng bao gm cc tbo hp v di mthn cht nguyn sinh v

cht . Chng c thnh tbo dy , ha g v gicc vch c nhiu l chonc i t t bo ny

qua t bo khc .


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4. S cn bng nc v trng thi ho ca cy :

4.1.Khi nim :

Cc qu trnh trao i nc cy_s ht nc, s vnchuyn nc v s thot hi nc c mi quan h mt thitvi nhau c biu th bng trng tha cn bng nc trongcy

S cn bng nc ca thc vt c xc nh bng s so

snh lng nc thot vo v thot ra khi cy:T/A1 cy trng thi mt cn bng


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4.3. S ho ca thc vt :

(A) Well-watered

(B) Mild water stress

(C) Severe water stress


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Nhu cu nc ca cy trng l lng nc cy

trng cn tng s v tng thi k to nn mtnng sut ti u.

Nhu cu nc thay i rt nhiu i vi tng laicy trng v cc giai an khc nhau.

XC NH NHUCU NCCACY TRNG

Da vo nhu cu nc ca cy trng m ta d tnh

tnhr lng nc cn ti trn mt din tchgieo trng ca mt cy no .


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- Da vo cc ch tiu sinh l ca cy trng phn nh trngthi nc trong cy .

- Cc ch tiu v nng dch bo ,p sut thm thu v scht nc bin ng theo s lng nc trong l.

CCHTI NC PHHP

M KH KHNG PH

THUC VO HM KNGNC TRONG TB KH KHNGCNG M TO KHI CNG NC


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H THNG THY LI, KNH MNG


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6 . Mt s phng php ti tiu


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u im:Khc phc c hin

tng thi tit khng thun li(nng nng, m khng khthp) m bo nng sut, chtlng qu v m bo yu cuk thut cao trong vic nhn

ging cy con (m, gim cyging). Nhc im:u t ban u

tng i ln.Nu ti nhiubng vi phun cm tay di ng

ht nc to mt t cng b ghcht, ph v kt cu mt t,cht dinh dng b ra tri theodng nc chy trn mt t.

6.1 TI PHUN

Ti phun


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y l phng phpti hin i, thngc p dng i vinhng vn cy n tri

c sn c hiu qu kinht cao nhng vngthiu nc ti.

6.2 TINH GIT

Ti nh git


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u im: Tit kim nc. t khng b dcht, gi nguyn hin trng kt cu t, tkhng b bo mn, phn bn khng b ra

tri. Nhc im: Chi ph u t ban u ln.

Ch p dng c i vi cc loi t c

xp cn thit cho nc thm qua d dng(nh cc loi t c xp ln, t thanbn).

6.3 TINGM


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L phng php ti nc chy theocc rnh c thitk gia cc hng cy.Nc c thm dnvo t v cung cp

cho cy trng.

6.4 TI RNH

Ti rnh


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TINGP LATHIK MNON

6.5 TINGP


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u im: Kt hp cvic ti nc vi tiudit mt s loi su hi

c tr trong lng t (dcn r cy; nhng ccloi rui, su c htqu xoi v qu cc loi

cy khc).

Nhc im: Tn nhiunc, ch p dng cvi ni c a hnh tng

i bng phng, thotnc tt. t b gh cht,dinh dng b ra tritheo dng nc tiu, kt

cu t b ph v.

6.5 TINGP


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NHM1:LP 08SS - 07SCM

1. NGUYN TH DON H

2. IINHTH HA

3. THN TH HU4. NG TH PHNG LAN

5. NGUYN CHU LINH

6. ON TH KIM NGN

7. MAI TH

T

NGA L

P 07SC

M8. V TH THYQUYN LP 07SCM

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