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Sistem Telekomunikasi SatelitSistem Telekomunikasi Satelit
MODUL 1MODUL‐1
PENGENALAN SISKOMSAT
Eddy Setiawan, MSTASE‐mail: [email protected]
Jurusan Teknik EkektroFakultas Teknologi Industri
Institut Sain dan Teknologi NasionalInstitut Sain dan Teknologi Nasional
Materi
1. Dasar‐Dasar2. Sejarah dan Prinsip‐Prinsip3. Topologi dan Elemen Jaringan4. Misi Siskomsat5. Aplikasi6 Jenis‐jenis orbit6. Jenis jenis orbit7. Jenis‐jenis pita frekuensi8 Tata kelola dan regulasi8. Tata kelola dan regulasi
Telekomunikasi• Telekomunikasi adalah setiap pemancaran, pengiriman, dan atau
penerimaan dari setiap informasi dalam bentuk tanda‐tanda, isyarat, tulisan, gambar, suara, dan bunyi melalui sistem kawat, optik, radio, atau sistem elektromagnetik Iainnya; (Ref.: UU Tel No.:36 thn 1999)atau sistem elektromagnetik Iainnya; (Ref.: UU Tel No.:36 thn 1999)
• The word telecommunication was adapted from the Spanish word Telecom. It is a compound of the Greek prefix tele‐ (τηλε‐), meaning "far off", and the Latin communicare, meaning "to share".[12] The
h d élé i i fi i d i h hFrench word télécommunication was first invented in the French Grande Ecole "Telecom ParisTech" formerly known as "Ecole nationalesuperieure des telecommunications" in 1904 by the French engineer and novelist Édouard Estaunié.and novelist Édouard Estaunié. (Ref.: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunication)
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Telekomunikasi Modern
• Telekomunikasi modern adalah bentuk telekomunikasiyang memanfaatkan gelombang E.M : gelombang radio dan cahaya.
• Bentuk‐bentuk telekomunikasi tersebut:– TransmisiAkses– Akses
– Node/switch• Teknologi:
– Kabel– Wireless– Circuit dan PaketCircuit dan Paket
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Telegraphy
• Telegraphy (from Greek: tele τῆλε "at a distance", and grapheinγράφειν "to write") is the long‐distance transmission of textual (as opposed to verbal or audio) messages without the physical(as opposed to verbal or audio) messages without the physical exchange of an object bearing the message.
• The earliest instance of sending an electrical signal across a conductive wire to be registered at a remote location was patented in London in 1750 by Benjamin Franklin
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Telephone
• First patented in 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell and further developed by many others, the telephone was the first device in history that enabled people to talk directly with each other across large distances.
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Radio Telegraph
• By 1896, Marconi introduced to the public a device in London, asserting it was his invention. Despite Marconi's statements to the contrary, though, the apparatus resembles Tesla'sthe contrary, though, the apparatus resembles Tesla s descriptions in his research, demonstrations and patents.[69][70] Marconi's later practical four‐tuned system was
d t d b N T l Oli L d d J S St [71] H fil dpre‐dated by N. Tesla, Oliver Lodge, and J. S. Stone.[71] He filed a patent on his earliest system with the British Patent Office on June 2, 1896.
• In 1897, Marconi was awarded a patent for radio with British patent No. 12,039
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Sejarah dan Prinsip‐Prinsip• Konsep geostationary satellites dijelaskan Hermann p g y j
Oberth's 1923 dalam bukuk Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen (The Rocket into Interplanetary Space)
• Radio communication dgn satellites oleh Herman Potočnik's di thn 1928 dlm buku Das Problem derBefahrung des Weltraums — der Raketen‐Motor ( h bl f l h k )(The Problem of Space Travel — The Rocket Motor),
• Arthur C. Clarke dgn ide geostationary satellites sebagai telecommunications relays di thn1945dijelaskan dalam Extra‐Terrestrial Relays – Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage (1945).
Topologi Siskomsat UmumRUAS ANGKASA
SATELIT
RUAS BUMI
TT&CUPLINK
DOWNLINKUPLINK
DOWNLINK
TRANSCEIVER
STASIUN BUMI
TRANSCEIVER
Topologi Siskomsat Umum
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• x
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Basic service, Duoplay, Tripleplay, Quadplay
Packet Switched Service
Satellite-based Content
Satellite Infrastructure
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Topology
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VSAT on Board VesselVSAT on Board VesselMaritime applications
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Basic Concept of SDMBBasic Concept of SDMB
Jenis‐Jenis Orbit Satelit• Low Earth Orbit altitude• Low Earth Orbit , altitude < 2000 km (Polar)• Medium Earth Orbit, 2000km < altitude < 36 000km.• Geo Earth Orbit / Geo /Synchronous Earth Orbit, altitude = 36 000 km• Helio Earth Orbit• Helio Earth Orbit, altitude > 36 000 km
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OrbitOrbit
Non Geostationary Orbit (NGSO) Low Earth Orbit‐ Non Geostationary Orbit (NGSO) : Low Earth Orbit, Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)
‐ Geostationary Orbit (GSO)Geostationary Orbit (GSO)
NGSO LEO MSS GSO MSSNGSO‐ LEO MSSNGSO – MEO MSS
GSO MSS
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NGSO MSS ‐ LEONGSO MSS LEO
Altitude of around 200‐1400 km from Earth surface.
Earth cycle period of 90 min/cycle
Small satellite dimension and light weight, easy to launch and cost less.
Delay time is low, it is suitable for telephony or interactive applicationsapplications.
Variance: Big LEO, Little LEO, equatorial orbit, polar orbit etc.
Applications: remote sensing, telephony, packet data.pp g, p y, p
Constraints: low capacity, short life time, need more than 1 satellite for 7/24 services.
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NGSO MSS MEONGSO MSS ‐MEO
Altit d f d 5 000 10 000 k f E th fAltitude of around 5 000 – 10 000 km from Earth surface.
Delay time is higher than LEO still suitable for telephony.
Earth cycle periode is highr than LEO of around 6 hours/cycleEarth cycle periode is highr than LEO, of around 6 hours/cycle.
Applications: remote sensing, telephony, packet data, positioning.p g
Constraints: medium capacity, better view time duration, needs more than 1 satellite for 7/24 service.
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NGSO Orbital ModelNGSO Orbital ModelEllips : a satellite's orbit trajectory that makes an angle of inclination to the
Earth's equator with accentricity→ sometimes called HEO/HIO;
Circular : a satellite's orbit trajectory around the Earth that makes an angle of inclination to the Earth's equator without accentricity;
Polar : a satellite's orbit trajectory that makes an angle of inclination to the Earth's equator at around 90 degree without accentricity.
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Orbit LEO Multi Sat
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Jenis Layanan SatelitJenis Layanan Satelit
Definition of satellite services is done by ITU through WRC (WARC) mechanism
Satellite Services:Satellite Services:
‐ FIXED SATELLITE SERVICES
BROADCASTING SATELLIT SERVICES‐ BROADCASTING SATELLIT SERVICES
‐MOBILE SATELLITE SERVICES
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FIXED SATELLITE SERVICESFIXED SATELLITE SERVICES
FIXED SATELLITE SERVICESFIXED SATELLITE SERVICES
According to ITU RR:1 21 fi d t llit i A di i ti i1.21 fixed‐satellite service: A radiocommunication service between earth stations at given positions, when one or more satellites are used; the given position may be a specified fixed point or any fixed point within specified areas; in some cases this service includes satellite‐to‐ satellite links, which may also be operated in the inter satellite service; the fixed satellitebe operated in the inter‐satellite service; the fixed‐satellite service may also include feeder links for other space radiocommunication services.
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BROADCASTING SATELLIT SERVICESBROADCASTING SATELLIT SERVICES
BROADCASTING SATELLIT SERVICESBROADCASTING SATELLIT SERVICESAccording to ITU RR:1 39 broadcasting satellite service: A1.39 broadcasting‐satellite service: A radiocommunication service in which signals transmitted or retransmitted by space stations are y pintended for direct reception by the general public.In the broadcasting‐satellite service, the term “direct reception” shall encompass both individual reception and community reception.
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Mobile Satellite ServiceMobile Satellite Service
Definition by ITU RadiocommunicationDefinition by ITU RadiocommunicationRegulations (RR) edition 2008:
1.25 mobile‐satellite service: A radiocommunication service:– between mobile earth stations and one or more space stations,
b i d b hi ior between space stations used by this service; or– between mobile earth stations by means of one or more space stations.This service may also include feeder links necessary for its operation.
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Mobile Satellite ServiceMobile Satellite ServiceDefinition by SearchMobileComputing.com (http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/definition/mobile‐satellite‐services):M bil lli i (MSS) f k fMobile satellite services (MSS) refers to networks of communications satellites intended for use with mobile and portable wireless telephones. There are three major types:
( i l ) (l d ) dAMSS (aeronautical MSS), LMSS (land MSS), and MMSS (maritime MSS).‐MSS repeaters can be placed on geostationary, medium earth orbit (MEO),
l h b ( ) llor low earth orbit (LEO) satellites. ‐ an MSS can link any two wireless telephone sets at any time, no matter where in the world they are located.
‐MSS systems are interconnected with land‐based cellular networks.
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Pita‐Pita Frekuensi SISKOMSATPita Pita Frekuensi SISKOMSAT Umum
• Alokasi pita frekuensi siskomsat diatur oleh ITU (International Telecommunication Union) diRadiocommunication Regulation (RR).Radiocommunication Regulation (RR).
• MSS : 1.6/1.4 GHz (L‐band)• FSS:
– 6/4 GHz (C‐band termasuk Ext.C‐band))– 8/7 GHz (X‐band)14/12 GH (K b d)– 14/12 GHz (Ku‐band)
– 30/20 GHz (Ka‐band)– 40/30 (V‐band)/ ( )
Current operational orbital slot for Indonesia:Notified:Notified:− 107.7 E (S‐, Ext‐C‐and X‐band)− 108 E (C‐band)− 113 E (Ext‐C‐, C‐ and Ku‐band)− 118 E (Ext‐C and C‐band)123 E (L Ext C band)− 123 E (L‐, Ext‐C‐band)
− 146 E (C‐ and Ku‐band)− 150.5 E (C‐ and Ku‐band)
Coordinated:80.5 E, 110 E, 143 E
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ITU Regionalisasi FrekuensiITU Regionalisasi Frekuensi
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Satellite FootprintSatellite FootprintI4 (Inmarsat)
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Satellite FootprintSatellite FootprintPalapa D
The reasons why there is such a ysatellite communication regulation.
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What are the relationship between theWhat are the relationship between the regulation and operation.
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Case StudyCase Study• The collision between Iridium and
Russian satellite.
– 2 LEO satellites.
Iridium satellite and the Russian– Iridium satellite and the Russian Kosmos 2251 spacecraft
– Tuesday, around 12:00 pm EST y p(1700 GMT)
– at 790 kilometers above Siberia
– Impact: debris may affect ISS, Hubble, Iridium satellites
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The Structure of ITUThe Structure of ITU
5151
ITU Principles
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Radio Frequency Interference Radio Frequency Interference Model
Normally RFI happens between :
• Earth Station and neighbor satellite on the UL.
• FS (fixed services) and earth station on the DL.
• Internal interference due to power, polarization. This may be caused by the nonbe caused by the non performed equipment or network design.
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Types of InterferenceTypes of InterferenceITU RR Art.1
1.166 interference: The effect of unwanted energy due to one or a combination ofemissions, radiations, or inductions upon reception in a radiocommunication system, manifested by any performance degradation, misinterpretation, or loss of information which could be extracted in the absence of such unwanted energy.1.167 permissible interference3: Observed or predicted interference which complies with quantitative interference and sharing criteria contained in these Regulations or in ITU-R Recommendations or in special agreements as provided for in these Regulations.1 168 accepted interference3: Interference at a higher level than that defined as1.168 accepted interference3: Interference at a higher level than that defined aspermissible interference and which has been agreed upon between two or more administrations without prejudice to other administrations.1.169 harmful interference: Interference which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation service or of other safety services or seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a radiocommunication service operating in accordance with Radio Regulations (CS).
3. 1.167.1 and 1.168.1 The terms “permissible interference” and “accepted interference” are used in the coordination of frequency assignments between administrations
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are used in the coordination of frequency assignments between administrations.
fInterference Mitigation
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l i i k d iRegulasi Siskomsat IndonesiaUU N 36 Th 1999 tt T l k ik i- UU No. 36 Thn 1999 ttg Telekomunikasi
- PP No. 52 Thn 2000 ttg Penyelenggaraan Telekomunikasi - PP No. 53 Thn 2000 ttg Penggunaan Spektrum Frekuensig gg pRadio dan Orbit Satelit- PerMen Kominfo No. 13/P/M.KOMINFO/8/2005, ttgPenyelenggaraan Telekomunikasi Yang MenggunakanS t litSatelit- PerMen Kominfo No. 37/P/M.KOMINFO/12/2006 - ttgPerubahan Atas PerMen KominfoNo 13/P/M KOMINFO/8/2005No.13/P/M.KOMINFO/8/2005- PerDirjen Postel No.357/DIRJEN/2006 ttg Penerbitan ISRuntuk Penyelenggaraan Telekomunikasi yangMenggunakan Satelit
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Menggunakan Satelit