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7/23/2019 Siviele Tegnologie Graad 12
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Cmj o`t`raums ajt ō tjælcbf ojt ō >5µ ajllmhi( Cmj cbfrbhc stjjf :55 oo umt(Cmj ourj ms ; 9>5 oo a``i, ijojjt vbh cmj vl`jr t`t bbh cmj `hcjrfbht vbh cmjouurplbbt( Cmj w``hstjl kjh`cmi cmj v`lijhcj7• ō T``rcjur(• ō Tjhstjr mh jlfjjh vbh cmj fbojrs(• 2 ^lbbpfbojr(• 2 Kbcfbojr(
• F`okumsbrjb(• Y``hbrjb(
Gy sbl 225 oo mhtjrhj ourj o`jt bbhkrmhi `o cmj o`t`raums mh cmj vjrsfmlljhcjfbojrs tj vjrcjjl( Cmj a``itj vbh cmj cjurj jh vjhstjrs ms ; 5>; k` cmj ir`hclyh(Cmj `hcbsmjs ms 455 Ù ;55 oo jh cmj jjrstj twjj lbj stjjhwjrf k` cmj `hcbsmjo`jt `hcjr cmj hbtuurlmfj ir`hcvlbf wjjs(
2( jfjh cmj plbh bbhsmi vbh cmj w``hstjl `p ō sfbbl vbh 2 7 :5( Ulbbs bllj vjhstjrs jh cjurj jh slumt bllj t`jkja`rj mh(
;( @htwjrp cmj kmhhjfbht vbh cmj w``hstjl(>( jfjh cmj h``rc jh `s/bbhsmitj vbh cmj aums `p ō sfbbl vbh 2 7 :5( !Ijjh
ijutj ` bv`jrpypj o`jt ijt``h w`rc hmj(-3( jfjh ō vjrtmfblj sjfsmj cjur cmj aums p cmj sjfsmj lyh B/B s``s bbhijcum mh
cmj cmbirbo amjr`hcjr(
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Irbdjsj f`oouhmfbsmj >
Cbbrhb sjljftjjr `hs S``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Cjsmih ^jtup ` flmf `p cmj mf``hmh cmj Brimtjft`hmjsj tbbfkblfmj( Cmj Brnamtjnturbl ^jttmhis cmbl``ikl`ffmj sbl `pcmj sfjro vjrsfyh(
@hta`u cmj “Crbwmhi cmrjntm`h‟ jh “Gustmnbtm`h‟ ms kjlbhirmf, bbhijsmjh cmt cmjir``ttj vbh cmj plbhbbhsmi kjpbbl(
^jljftjjr cmj “Ybll typj‟ wbt gy ibbh ijkrumf ` sfjp g`u jmj styl jh flmf “@F‟(
jfjh h`u cmj kumtjourj cjur vbh cmj rmitmhipyltgmjs ijkrumf tj obbf(
^jljftjjr S``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Crbw ▴ Yblls ` lmhfs/flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmjBrimtjft`hmjsj tbbfkblfmj(
KumtjhstjGustmdnbtm`h
KmhhjstjGustmdnbtm`h
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> ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Irbbc 22 !Kmhhjourj-Mh Irbbc 22 ms cmj kmhhjourj ijv`ji ky cmj ir`hcbbhsmi vbh cmj ijk`u( @hs ajtIj`ojtry ▴ Ubrblljl Lmhj ijkrumf `o cmj kmhhjourj tj p`smsmjjhjr(
Fmjs S``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Cjsmih ^jtup ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmjBrnamtjnturbl/kblfmj( Cmj Brnamtjnturbl ^jttmhis/cmbl``i sbl vjrt``h w`rc(
Fmjs ”h kmhhjouurtmpj, fmjs cmj ouurstyl `o tj ijkrumf ` sfjp ”h jmj Na``sj tajYbll/styl `o ”h jmj styl tj ijkrumf ` sfjp jh flmf cbh “@F‟(
Fmjs Mhtjrhbl `okmhhjourj tj tjfjh
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Irbdjsj f`oouhmfbsmj >
Fmjs S``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Crbw ▴ Yblls ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmjBrimtjft`hmjsj tbbfkblfmj( jfjh cmj kmhhjourj mh( @hta`u cmj “Gustmnbtm`h‟ jh“Crbwmhi Cmrjntm`h‟(
Ijkrumf cmj Crbw mhwbrcs “Gustmnbtm`h‟ jh sjljftjjr cmj Nl`nfwmsj/tjfjhrmitmhi7Bs gy vbh lmhfs hb rjis tjfjh, w`rc cmj pbrblljllyh `hcjr ijplbbs(Bs gy vbh rjis hb lmhfs tjfjh, w`rc cmj pbrblljllyh k` ijplbbs( Bs gy vbh k` hb `hcjrtjfjh, w`rc cmj pbrblljllyh lmhfs ijplbbs( Bs gy vbh `hcjr hb k` tjfjh, w`rc cmjpbrblljllyh rjis ijplbbs(
Irbbc 22 !Brsjjr cmj plbhbbhsmi-Cmj ourj mh cmj plbhbbhsmi o`jt h`u ijbrsjjr w`rc(
Fmjs Crbw ▴ Abtna ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmj Crbwmhi /kblfmj(Cmj U`wjr Kbr vjrbhcjr `o cmj Abtna k`uhcbry tjfjhojt`cjs tj vjrt``h(
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> ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Flmf `p cmj “^jljnt‟/fh`ppmj `o g`u mh stbbt tj stjl `o cmj brsjjrpbtr`hj tj kjsmitmi([`l b `o cmj cbftjælstyl tj fmjs ` tmf BH^M>; mh cmj “^jbrna‟/spbsmj jh cmj styl sbl
vjrt``h w`rc `p cmj sfjro( Flmf “@F‟(
Fmjs cmj fljur jh cmj sfbbl vmr cmj brsjjrpbtr``h jh flmf “@F‟(
Fmjs cmj `ut`obtmjsj “trbnfmhi ‟ `hcjr cmj “^jljnt abtna k`uhcbry crbw ojta`c‟cjur `p cmj lbbstj mf``h mh cmj lys tj flmf(
Cmj v`lijhcj sbl `p cmj cmj pr`irbo/sfjro vjrsfyh7 “K`uhcbry 2 „ Nlmnf mhsmcjpjrmojtjr hjbr bh jhtmty ![miat/nlmnf `r ojhu-‟( Flmf bbh cmj kmhhjfbht vbh cmjourj vbh cmj plbhbbhsmi(
Cmj brsjrmhi sbl vjrt``h w`rc(
Smf cmj hbbo vbh cmjbrsjjrpbtr``h mh `o
cbbrhb tj s`jf
Fmjs ”h fljur jhsfbbl
Fmjs cmj but`obtmn trbnfmhi /mf``h
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Irbdjsj f`oouhmfbsmj >
[jisflmf p cmj sfjro jh sjljftjjr “Bnnjpt‟`o cmj brsjjrpbtr``h mh p`smsmj tj slumt(
Irbbc 22 !Ulbsmhi vbh kl`ffjsmok`lj-Fmjs S``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Crbw ▴ Ulbnj ^yok`ls ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmjBrimtjft`hmjsjtbbfkblfmj( Cmj “N`htr`l Njhtrj‟ sbl `p cmj sfjro vjrsfyh(
Flmf `p cmj Kl`nf Kr`wsjr/`psmj `hcjrbbh cmj “N`htr`l Njhtrj‟ `o cmj kl`ffj!smok`lj- tj kjsmitmi( Obbf cmj lçjr ``p wbt cmj kl`ffjsmok`lj kjvbt wbt gy kjh`cmi(
Flmf `p cmj Kl`nf Kr`sjr /`psmj
Flmf `p cmj cmj kl`ffj umt cmjpr`irboobtjjf jh v`ji cmt mh(
@hta`u `h ^hmp tj fmjs wbhhjjrcjurj jh vjhstjrs mhijv`ji
w`rc(
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> ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Cukkjlflmf h`u `p cmj kl`f wbt gy wml ijkrumf jh cmt sbl ky cmj “Kl`nf Obhbijr‟ijv`ji w`rc( Cmj “U`wjr Kbr‟ sbl ``pobbf, wbt g`u mh stbbt stjl `o cmj kl`ffjsmok`lj mh tj v`ji(
T`ji cmj h`cmij smok`lj jh kykja`rj mh(
Irbbc 22 !Cbflyhj-Fmjs S``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Cjsmih ^jtup ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmjBrimtjft`hmjsj tbbfkblfmj( Cmj Brnamtjnturbl ^jttmhis/cmbl``ikl`ffmj sbl `p cmjsfjro vjrsfyh( Flmf `p cmj “[`` Lmhj‟/`psmj jh krmhi cmj vjrjmstj vjrbhcjrmhi bbhwbt cmj cbflyhstjllmhi kjtrj(
^tjl cmjcbfrbhc``rabhi
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> ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Irbbc 22 Cmj bbhsmitj !“jljvbtm`hs‟-^jljftjjr S``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Cjsmih ^jtup ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmjBrimtjft`hmjsj tbbfkblf( Cmj Brnamtjnturbl ^jttmhis/cmbl``ikl`ffmj sbl `p cmjsfjro vjrsfyh( Flmf `p cmj “Jljvbtm`h‟/`psmj jh krmhi cmj vjrjmstj vjrbhcjrmhij wbtkjtrj cmj bbhsmistjllmhis bbh(
@hta`u cbt gy “Kl`nfs‟ sbl o`jt bbbm vmr cmj bbhsmi vbh bl cmj vjhstjrs jh cjurj
wbt mh cmj plbh/bbhsmi ijkrumf ms( Bs “Kl`nfs hmj ijlbbm w`rc hmj, sbl aullj hmj mh“Jljvbtm`h vmjws‟ ijplbbs w`rc hmj(
^tjl cmja``itj vbh cmjcbfrbhc``rabhi
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==
Irbdjsj f`oouhmfbsmj >
FmjsS``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Crbw ▴ Jljvbtm`hs ` flmf p cmj mf``h mh cmjBrimtjft`hmjsj tbbfkblfmj(
Cmj pr`irbo sbl cmj v`lijhcj mhstrufsmj ijj7 “Mhcmnbtj b p`mht nl`sj t` taj bnj `hplbh `r bccmhi jljvbtm`h !jlsj spbnjkbr t` jxmt-‟(
2( Flmf `p cmj kumtjouur vbh cmj h``rcbbhsmi vbh cmj plbhbbhsmi(Cmj pr`irbo sbl g`u cmj v`lijhcj vrb7 “^jljnt b plbnjojht p`mht `r taj kbsjlmhj` taj sjljntjc jljvbtm`h !jlsj Jsn t` jxmt-‟(
;( Flmf wbbr gy cmj h``rcbbhsmi wml plbbs( Cmt sbl cmj ir`hcvlbfp`smsmj wjjs( Cmjbbhsmitj w`rc mh cmj “2st Bhilj @rta`irbpamn Ur`gjntm`h‟ ijtjfjh(Cmj pr`irbo sbl cbh cmj v`lijhcj `pcrbi ijj7 “^jljnt wmhc`wc``r `h plbh t`mhsjrt mh jljvbtm`h !jlsj spbnjkbr t` jhc sjljntm`h-‟(
>( Flmf `p bl cmj vjhstjrs jh cjurj vbh cmj plbhbbhsmi vmr cmj bbhsmitj( Cmj vjhstjrsjh cjurj w`rc mh cmj bbhsmip`smsmj ijplbbs( Cruf cmj spbsmjkblf wbhhjjr bl cmj
vjhstjrs jh cjurj ijsjljftjjr ms(3( Cmj pr`irbo sbl vrb7 “^jljnt n`rhjr ` kumlcmhi !jlsj spbnjkbr t` jhc sjljntm`h-‟(:( ^prmhi hb cmj a`jf vbh cmj bbhsmi jh cruf “Jhtjr‟(
Cmj pr`irbo sbl cbh vrb7 “^jljnt n`rhjr ` kumlcmhi !jlsj spbnjkbr t` jhcsjljntm`h-‟(4( ^prmhi hb cmj v`lijhcj a`jf jh cruf “Jhtjr‟( Cruf cmj spbsmjkblf `o cmj bbhsmi
tj tjfjh(
Amjrojj f`o `hs bbh cmj jmhcj vbh cmj ajrablmhi vmr Irbcj 25 jh 22(
H``rcbbhsmi
Fmjs amjrcmj fbht vmr cmjH``rcbbhsmi
Fmjs amjrcmj fbhtvmr cmj @`sbbhsmi
@ ` s b b h s m i
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> ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Irbbc 2; !v`ji cmj cbf ky-Fmjs S``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Cjsmih ^jtup ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmjBrnamtjnturbl/kblfmj( Cmj Brnamtjnturbl ^jttmhis/cmbl``i w`rc cbh vjrt``h( Flmf `p cmj [``/kl`ffmj jh obbf cmj h`cmij vjrbhcjrmhij bbh cmj cbfvjrstjllmhis(
H``rcbbhsmicbf !fbhtijwjl-Fmjs S``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Crbw ▴ [`` ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmjBrnamtjnturbl/kblfmj(
Cmj pr`irbo vrb “^jljnt r`` lmhj `h bbhsmi”s r`` ljvjl !jlsj Jsn t` jxmt-‟(2( Flmf `p cmj cbflyh vbh cmj H``rcbbhsmi jh cmj lyh stbbh umt(
Cmj pr`irbo sç “Jhtjr ]js `r H` t` sjljnt n`rrjnt amialmiatjc `r ^pbnjkbr t`jxmt‟(
;( Flmf `p cmj “]js‟ fh`ppmj bs cmj f`rrjftj cbflyh umtstbbh(Cmj pr`irbo vrb “^jljnt hjbrjst r`` lmhj `h plbh vmjw !jlsj Jsn t` jxmt `r `rbnj ibklj-‟(
>( @hs tjfjh ”h syijwjl `p cmj h``rcbbhsmi( Flmf `p h``rcbbhsmi sj cbflyh(Cmj pr`irbo vrb “^jljnt bnj ibklj ` r`` lmhj `h plbh vmjw `r smcj ibklj `rJsn !;x- `r bnj ibklj‟(
3( Flmf `p cmj ``s/ ` jsbbhsmi sj cbflyh( Cmj pr`irbo kjrjfjh cmj cbfa``itj v`lijhs cmj ljhitj vbh cmj cbflyh jh cmj cbfajllmhi(Cmj pr`irbo vrb “Jhtjr ]js `r smcj ibklj H` `r amppjc smcj ibklj `r^pbnjkbr t` jxmt‟(
:( Fmjs “]js‟ vmr ”h syijwjl(Cmj pr`irbo vrb “^jljnt hjbrjst r`` lmhj `h plbh vmjw !jlsj Jsn t` jxmt `r `rbnj ibklj-‟(
4( Cruf “Jsn‟ jh cmj cbf w`rc ky cmj bbhsmi ijv`ji(
H``rcbbhsmi
^tjl cbfajllmhi`p >5µ s``s mh cmj
vrbbi(
Fmjs cmj cbflyh wbbr cmjcbf ijplbbs o`jt w`rc(
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Irbdjsj f`oouhmfbsmj >
@`sbbhsmicbf !v``rijwjl-Fmjs S``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Crbw ▴ [`` ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmjBrnamtjnturbl/kblfmj(
Cmj pr`irbo vrb “^jljnt r`` lmhj `h jljvbtm`h”s r`` ljvjl !jlsj Jsn t` jxmt- ‟(2( Flmf `p cmj cbflyh vbh cmj ``sbbhsmi jh cmj lyh stbbh umt(
Cmj pr`irbo vrb “Jhtjr ]js `r H` t` sjljnt n`rrjnt amialmiatjc `r ^pbnjkbr t`jxmt‟(
;( Flmf `p cmj “]js‟ fh`ppmj bs cmj f`rrjftj cbflyh umtstbbh(Cmj pr`irbo vrb “^jljnt hjbrjst r`` lmhj `h plbh vmjw !jlsj Jsn t` jxmt `r `r
bnj ibklj-‟(>( @hs tjfjh ”h v``rijwjl `p cmj ``sbbhsmi( Flmf `p cmj ``sbbhsmi sj cbflyh(Cmj pr`irbo vrb “^jljnt bnj ibklj `r r`` lmhj `h plbh vmjw `r smcj ibklj `rJsn !;x- `r bnj ibklj‟(
@ `
s b b h s m i
H``rcbbhsmi
@ ` s b b h s m i
Fmjs “]js‟ o ”hsyijwjlcbf tj tjfjh(
Cruf “Jsn‟ jh cmj cbf w`rc mhijsmt
Fmjs cmj cbflyh wbbr cmjcbf ijplbbs o`jt w`rc(
Fmjs cmj v``rijwjls`cbt cmj a``itj
kjrjfjh fbh w`rc(
Fmjs cmj cbflyh vbh cmjbbhsmi `o cmj cbf ky tj
v`ji(
Fmjs “]js‟ bs cmj f`rrjftjcbflyh ijfmjs ms(
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> ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
3( Cruf “Jsn‟ vmr ”h v``rijwjl(Cmj pr`irbo vrb “Jhtjr ]js `r bnj ibklj H` `r amppjc smcj ibklj `r^pbnjkbr t` jxmt‟(
:( Fmjs “]js‟ vmr ”h v``rijwjl(Cmj pr`irbo vrb “^jljnt hjbrjst r`` lmhj `h plbh vmjw !jlsj Jsn t` jxmt `r `rbnj ibklj-‟(
4( Cruf “Jsn‟ jh cmj cbf w`rc ky cmj bbhsmi ijv`ji(
[`tjjr jh vjrsfum cmj bbhsmitjrjf ”h rbbopmj o cmj H``rcbbhsmi o cmt tj fmjs(
Fmjs O`cmy ▴ [`tbtj ;C ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmj “O`cmy‟/kblfmj(Cmj pr`irbo vrb “Mhcmnbtj p`mht bk`ut wamna t` r`tbtj‟( Flmf `p cmj “Fjyk`brc‟/fh`ppmj jh tmf ”h a`jf vbh 215µ mh(
Kjwjji hb cmj ir`hclyhj jh cruf “N‟ `p cmj sljutjlk`rc jh cbh “Jhtjr‟ `o cmjpuht tj fmjs( Cmj bbhsmi w`rc ijr`tjjr(
Fmjs O`cmy ▴ O`vj ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmj “O`cmy‟ kblfmj(Cmj pr`irbo vrb “Mhcmnbtj taj s`urnj p`mht‟( Flmf `p ”h puht jh sfum cmj bbhsmi mhp`smsmj jh flmf `o cmt tj plbbs(
H``rcbbhsmi
H``rcbbhsmi
@ ` s b b
h s m i
Fmjs “]js‟ bs cmj rjitj cbflyhijfmjs ms
Fmjs cmj cbflyh vbh cmj bbhsmiwbbr cbf a``rt(
Fmjs “Jsn‟ o ‑hv``rijwjl tj tjfjh(
Fmjs “]js‟ o ”hv``rijwjlcbf tj tjfjh
Cruf “Jsn‟ jh cmj cbf w`rc ijplbbs((
Fmjs cmjh``rcbbhsmi
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25>
Irbdjsj f`oouhmfbsmj >
Brsjrmhi
Fmjs Crbw ▴ Abtna ` flmf `p cmj mf``h vbh “Crbwmhi‟ kblfmjCmj “U`wjr Kbr‟ vjrbhcjr `o cmj “Abtna k`uhcbry‟ tjfjhojt`cj tj wys(Flmf `p cmj “^jttmhis‟/fh`ppmj jh cmj “Abtna ^jttmhis‟/cmbl``i vjrsfyh(
Flmf `p cmj “^jljnt‟/fh`ppmj jh gy sbl cmj brsjjrpbtr``h fbh smjh(
[`l bbh `o cmj cbftjælstyl tj fry ` tmf LS=3= JCZN mh cmj “^jbrna‟/fbssmj jh cmjstylj w`rc vjrt``h( Flmf “@F‟(
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> ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
[`l b hb LS=3=Jcun jh fmjs cmt(Fmjs cmj fljur vmr cmj brsjjrpr`irbo jh cmj sfbbl jh flmf “@F‟(
Fmjs cmj “but`obtmn trbnfmhi k`uhcbry sjljntm`h ojta`c‟ cjur `p cmj lbbstj mf``hmh cmj lys tj flmf(
Cmj pr`irbo vrb “K`uhcbry 2 „ Flmf kmhhj cmj `otrjf hbky ”h jhtmtjmt !Flmf rjis vmrcmj ojhu-‟( Flmf kmhhj cmj cbf vbh cmj H```rcbbhsmi hbky cmj k`puht vbh cmj cbf(
Cmj brsjrmhi vjrsfyh(Flmf rjis `p cmj sfjro jh fmjs “Bnnjpt‟ `o cmj brsjjrpr`irbo mh pljf tj plbbs(
Smf cmj hbbo vbh cmjs``rt brsjrmhi wbt gy
s`jf amjr(
Fmjs ”h fljur jhsfbbl(
Fmjs cmj “but obtmn trbnfmhi‟/mf``h((
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Irbdjsj f`oouhmfbsmj >
Cjurshmtbrsjrmhi
Fmjs S``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Cjsmih ^jtup `r flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmjBrnamtjnturblt``lkbr( Cmj Brnamtjnturbl ^jttmhis/cmbl``i sbl vjrt``h w`rc( Flmf `pcmj Nr`ss ^jntm`h/tbk jh obbf cmj h`cmir vjrbhcjrmhis bbh cmj cbfstjllmhis(
Fmjs S``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Crbw ▴ [`` `r nlmnf `p cmj mn`h mh cmjBrnamtjnturbl t``lkbr(
Cmj pr`irbo vrb “Mhcmnbtj p`smtm`h ` nr`ss/sjntm`h !jlsj Jsn t` jxmt-‟(2( Flmf mh cmj p`smsmj wbbr gy cmj cjurshmtbbhsmi wml plbbs(
Cmj pr`irbo vrb “Mhcmnbtj mhsmcj bnj ` nl`sj jxtjrhbl ouur !jlsj Jsn t` jxmt-‟(;( Flmf `p cmj kmhhjouur wbbrcjur cmj shyvlbf o`jt l``p(
Cmj pr`irbo vrb “Mhcmnbtj bnj ` mhtjrhbl wbll pbrblljl t` jxt wbll !jlsj Jsn `r
br jxt wbll-‟(
Ulbbs hjt kmhhj cmj cbf bscmj But`/mf``h ijfmjs ms `ocmj cbfijkmjc vmr brsjrmhi
umt tj lmi(
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> ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
>( Flmf `p jhmij kmhhjourj wbbrcjur cmj shyvlbf l``p( Cruf “Jsn‟ hbcbt bl cmjkmhhjourj ijfmjs ms(Cmj pr`irbo vrb “Mhcmnbtj mhsmcj bnj ` br mhtjrhbl wbll ouur!jlsj Jsn t`jxmt-‟(
3( Flmf `p cmj ``rfbhtsj kmhhjouur(Cmj pr`irbo vrb “Mhcmnbtj smcj ` lmhj y`u w`ulc lmfj brr`w ajbcs plbnjc !jlsjJsn t` jxmt-‟(
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Fmjs S``lfmt ▴ Brnamtjnturbl ▴ Crbw ▴ Ulbnj ^yok`ls ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmj“Brnamtjnturbl‟ kblfmj(
Cmj “N`htr`l Njhtrj‟ sbl `p cmj sfjro ``pibbh(
Flmf `p cmj “Kl`nf Kr`wsjr‟/kblfmj `hcjrmh cmj “N`htr`l Njhtrj‟ `o cmj kl`ffj!smok`lj- tj smjh( Obbf cmj lçjr ojt cmj ijwjhstj kl`ffj ``p(
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Irbdjsj f`oouhmfbsmj >
Cukkjlflmf `p cmj sybbhsmi vbh cmj kl`f wbt mh cmj cjurshmtbbhsmi ijplbbs o`jtw`rc !cmj kl`ffj mh cmj plbhbbhsmi wbbrcjur cmj shylyh l``p-( Aullj w`rc ky “Kl`nf Obhbijr‟ ijv`ji( Cmj “U`wjr Kbr‟ ibbh ``p jh cmj kl`f fbh h`u ijplbbs w rc(
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Flmf `p cmj “^mtj Ulbh‟/lbbi jh obbf cmt cmj ijlcmij lbbi cjur tj flmf `p cmj “ObfjNurrjht‟/fh`ppmj(
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Fmjs Crbw ▴Nabmhjc Lmhj ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmj A``dblfmj(
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> ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
rjf ”h fbssmj rji r`hc`o cmj pjrsjjl `o cmt tj fmjs jh umt tj lmi(
Fmjs O`cmy ▴ ^nblj ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmj “O`cmy‟ kblfmj(
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Cmj pr`irbo vrb “Mhcmnbtj taj cjstmhbtm`h p`mht(‟ Kjwjji cmj tjrrjmhplbh hb cmjijwjhstj p`smsmj jh cruf “Jhtjr‟( Cruf cbh “Jsn‟ `o cmj fjusj tj fbhsjlljjr(
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Irbdjsj f`oouhmfbsmj >
Fmjs Crbw ▴ Abtna ` flmf `p cmj mf``h mh cmj “Crbwmhi‟/hutskblf(
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Flmf `p cmj “Fmjs‟/fh`ppmj jh cmj brsjrmhi fbh kjsmitmi w`rc([`l b `o cmj stylj vmr cmj cbftjæls tj fry ` tmf BH^M>2 mh cmj “^jbrna‟/kl`ffmj jhcmj stylj w`rc vjrt``h( Flmf “@F‟(
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> ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Fmjs cmj fljur vmr cmj brsjjrpbtr``h jh cmj sfbbl jh flmf “@F‟(
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Cmj brsjrmhi vjrsfyh(
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Fmjs cmj “but`obtmn trbnfmhi‟/mf``h((
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Bftmwmtjmt 9
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A``dstuf 3
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3 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
”h Ir``t vjrsfjmcjhajmc obtjrmblj w`rc mh cmj k`uhywjrajmc ijkrumf `o cmjtbllj pr`gjftj wbt v``rtcurjhc `hcjrhjjo w`rc tj v`lt``m( Cmt ms cus h`cmi `oir`hcmij fjhhms `p tj c`jh ``r cmj jmjhsfbppj jh t`jpbssmhis vbh bl amjrcmjobtjrmblj(
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obtjrmblj o`jt ojt s`ri jh fuhcmiajmc bbhijwjhc w`rc s`cbt aullj huttmijljwjhscuur hmj bbhijtbs w`rc hmj(
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• Cmj obbf vbh kruiimjs• F`l`ooj• Umlbrj
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Cmj tjro “prjsjrvjrmhi‟ vjrwys ``f hb cmj kjsfjromhi ` vjrcuursbomhi vbhobtjrmblj `o ”h lbhijr ijkrumfsljwj tj vjrsjfjr( Bllj prjsjrvjjromccjls o`jt ky cmj Cjpbrtojht Lbhck`u ijrjimstrjjr w`rc( ^umc/Brmfbbhsj Hbsm`hblj ^tbhcbbrcj!^BH^- spjsmsjjr cmj hbsm`hblj stbhcbbrcj, jh obtjrmblj o`jt ijt`jts w`rc v``rcbt aullj i`jcijfjur fbh w rc(
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3 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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Obtjrmbbl 3
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• Ijjh frbiijrjjcsfbp ` crbbikbrj ijrjjcsfbp obi cjur cmj ljjrcjrs ijkrumf w`rc blv`rjhs cmt hmj ijt`jts jh cjur cmj `hcjrwysjr bs vjmlmi vjrflbbr ms hmj(
• Ijjh `ostbhcjrs w`rc t`jijlbbt wbhhjjr cbbr ojt obsgmjhijrjjcsfbp ijwjrf w`rc hmj !aullj trjf cmj `pjrbtjur sj bbhcbi b jh fbh `hijluffj vjr``rsbbf-(
• Frbicrbcj o`jt hmj `p s` ”h wysj ijlbbt w`rc cbt pjrs`hj cbbr``r fbh vbl hmj(• ^fbfjl frbipr`ppj b v``rcbt obsgmjhj vjrwycjr ` vjrstjl w`rc(• Ibbh ijrjjlc jljftrmjsj bbhslumtmhis, vjrbl bbrcvjrkmhcmhis hb(
• Krmhi ijsfrjwj vjmlmiajmcsobbtrjæls ``r cmj ijkrumf vbh cmj obsgmjh hbky `pobsgmjh bbh(
• Lmiibboscjlj o`jt wji vbh kjwjijhcj cjlj vbh obsgmjh ija`u w`rc(• ^fbfjl frbi ky a``sfbfjlbbr b wbhhjjr jhmij vjrvbhimhi ` vjrstjllmhi bbh
obsgmjh ijc`jh w`rc(• Lbbt obsgmjhj tjh v`llj t`t stmlstbhc f`o v``rcbt cmj kjcmjhjrs aullj vjrlbbt(• ^`ri cbt bllj vjmlmiajmcsfjros mh p`smsmj ms(• Bllj guwjlmjrswbrj, vjrbl rmhij, o`jt vjrwycjr w`rc v``rcbt cbbr ojt obsgmjhj
ijwjrf w`rc(• Obbf ijkrumf vbh ”h sfjrokrml `o æ tj kjsfjro(• Hjjo ”h ijkblbhsjjrcj stbbhp`smsmj mh wbhhjjr cbbr ojt obsgmjhj ijwjrf w`rc(
• ^ljis jjh pjrs``h w`rc t`jijlbbt `o ”h obsgmjh tj kjcmjh(• Tjroy spjljtgmjs, irbppmjs ` jhmij bjmcmhi wbhhjjr obsgmjhj bbhijsfbfjl
w`rc(• ^`ri cbt cmj wjrfijkmjc r`hc`o cmj obsgmjh bltyc sf``h ms(
@pojtmhi
@pojtmhi ms cmj pr`sjs wbbrcjur smjsj `pojtmhis tjr plbbtsj ijkrumf w`rc `o”h v``rstjllmhisplbh vbh ”h spjsmjfj strjjf ` tjrrjmh v``r tj kjrjm wbbr`p bl cmjh`cmij cbtb cjur omccjl vbh tjfjhmhij jh smok`lj bbhijcum w`rc( ^` ”h plbh kjvbt``f bbhcumcmhis vbh vjrsfmlljhcj puhtj mhijslumt !hmvjlljrmhi-(
Cmj ojtmhis w`rc `p cmj `hcjrstbbhcj vmjr vlbffj umtijv`jr `o cmj cbtb s``samjrk` ijcjhjjr tj kjpbbl7• a`rms`htblj bstbhcj• a`rms`htblj a`jfj• vjrtmfblj bstbhcj• vjrtmfblj a`jfj(
Flbssmdmsjrmhi vbh `pojtmhis
@pojtmhis w`rc ijw``hlmf v`lijhs cmj v`lijhcj fbtji`rmjæ ijflbssmsjjr7(• t`p`irbjsj `pojtmhi• fbcbstrblj pojtmhi• mhijhmjurs`pojtmhi• amcr`irbjsj `pojtmhi• ij`cjtmjsj pojtmhi• oyh`pojtmhi(
Cbbr o`jt jitjr mh ijcbitj ija`u w`rc cbt hmj jjh tmpj `hbbhflmf vbh ”h bhcjrfbh uhfsm`hjjr hmj( Tmr `hs c`jljmhcjs sbl `hs vjrbl bbhcbi ijj bbh cmj jjrstj crmjtmpjs `pojtmhi(
2( S p`irbdjsj `pojtmhi Amjr w`rc bl cmj kjs`hcjrajcj vbh cmj bbrc`ppjrvlbf kmhhj cmj brjb wbbrmh cmj
`pojtmhi ijc`jh w`rc vbsijstjl jh `p ”h plbh wjjrijijj( Bbhijsmjh cmj bbrcjjitjr jmtlmf h``mt ”h plbt `ppjrvlbf ms hmj, o`jt cbbr vbh ”h ojt`cj ijkrumf ijobbf w`rc `o vjrsfmllj mh a``itj tussjh puhtj bbh tj cum( Amjr w`rc vbhf`ht`jrlyhj ijkrumf ijobbf(
Ajt gy ijwjjt0
Ljjrcjrs obi
hmj cmj frbit`jv`jr hbobsgmjhj bbhsfbfjl hmj(
7/23/2019 Siviele Tegnologie Graad 12
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7/23/2019 Siviele Tegnologie Graad 12
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/siviele-tegnologie-graad-12 134/468
2;=
S`jrustmhi :
Dmiuur :(27 Sjrrjmhplbh
Mhlmitmhi wbt `p ”h tjrrjmhplbh kjh`cmi w`rc
• f`opbspuht !h``rc-• sfbbl• s``rt `pojtmhi• umtibhispjml• bbhvulljhcj mhlmitmhi• kjsfrywmhi vbh tjrrjmh !tmpj, ir`hc, oijwmhi, jhs(-• `pojtjr sj hbbo• cbtuo wbbr`p `pojtmhis ijc`jh ms(
Kjpblmhi vbh vlbffj/a``itjs
Bllj a``itjsvlbffj vbh ”h ijk`u wbt `p ”h pjrsjjl ijk`u o`jt w`rc, w`rc vbhb ”hijijwj kbsmspuht !a``itjojrf- ijhjjo( Cmj kbsmspuht w`rc kjpbbl cjur ijkrumf tj obbf vbh cmj umtibhispjml wbt `p cmj pjrsjjl bbhijcum w`rc cjur ”h ystjrpjhwbt mh sjojht ijsjt ms( Cmj a``itjojrf w`rc bbhijcum cjur ”h a`rms`htblj lyh wbtbbhijkrmhi w`rc `p cmj wbhcj vbh ourj, ijk`uj ` jhmij stjwmij struftuur hbky cmj pjrsjjl( [ji `hcjr cmj lyh ms cbbr ”h pyl jh cmj pljf wbbr cmj pyl cmj lyh rbbf mscmj wbrj a``itjojrf( Mhcmjh ijjh a``itjojrf bbhijkrmhi fbh w`rc hmj, o`jt cmjpjrsjjl sj umtibhispjml bs tycjlmfj a``itjojrf ijkrumf w`rc(
Zmtsjt jh t`jtsojt`cjs
Cmj kjpblmhi vbh ”h ijk`u sj `hcbojhtj fbh ojt cmj v`lijhcj kbsmjsj jh` tjih`l`imjs mhijwmffjlcj mhstruojhtj ijc`jh w`rc7• k`ujrwmhfjlabbf • cmj >737: ojt`cj• cmj a`jflyhojt cj !``rfrumsojt cj-• cmj tjljsf``pojt`cj• cmj kufswbtjrpbs ojt`cj• cmj Il`kblj U`smsm hjrmhistjlsjl !IU^-(
Cmj kufswbtjrpbs
Cmj kufswbtjrpbs ms kbsmjs ”h tjljsf``p wbt `p ”h crmjp``tstbbhcjr ijo`htjjr ms( Cmjtjljsf``p fbh cjur >45µ `o ”h vbstj l``crjitj bs swbbm hbcbt cmj mhstruojht mhijstjlms( Cmj tjljsf``p ajt frumsabrj wbt cjur omccjl vbh v`jtsfr`jwj vjrstjl w`rc t`tcbtcmj wbbrhjomhislyh ojt cmj luikjl/bs ``rjjhstjo(
7/23/2019 Siviele Tegnologie Graad 12
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2>5
: ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Dmiuur :(;7 Cmj kufswbtjrpbs
@pstjl vbh cmj kufswbtjrpbs
• Cmj mhstruojht ms t`jijrus ojt ”h luikjl `p cmj v`jtplbbt wbt cjur omccjl vbhcrmj v`jtsfr`jwj, wbt vmr amjrcmj vjrstjllmhi vjrbhtw``rcjlmf ms, prjsmjs wbtjrpbsmhijstjl w`rc(
• Cmj kufswbtjrpbs r`tjjr o ”h bs wbt ojt ”h luikjl prjsmjs l``crji vjrstjlw`rc( Cmj tjljsf``p fbh cbh cjur >45µ crbbm jh stjjcs wbtjrpbs kly „ cmt fbhsljis ijkjur bs cmj bssj prjsmjs =5µ tjjh``r ojfbbr `pijstjl w`rc( ^`oomijkufswbtjrpbssj ms ``f ojt ”h lbhiwjrpmij luikjl !plbbtluikjl- t`jijrus wbt vmrcmj hblj vjrstjllmhi vjrbhtw``rcjlmf ms(
• Cmj `pstjl vbh cmj kufswbtjrpbs kjimh cjur cmj crmjp` t !stbbhcjr- ``p tj obbf,cmj p`tj umt tj sfum jh vbs tj sfr`j(
• Cmj kjhj vbh cmj crmjp``t w`rc h`u umtijsfum jh vbsijcrbbm s`cbt cmj kbsmsplbbt vbh cmj crmjp``t omh ` ojjr wbtjrpbs ms s`cbt sljis ijrmhij vjrstjllmhi vbh cmj v`jtsfr`jwj h`cmi ms( Cmj v jtsfr`jwj o`jt omh ` ojjr mh cmj omccjl vjrstjlwjjs `o cmj wbtjrpbsstjllmhi vbh cmj tjljsf``p tj vjrijobflmf(
• Cmj a``itj vbh cmj p`tj o`jt s` ijstjl w`rc cbt cmj tjljsf``p `p ”h ijobflmfjfyfa``itj stbbh( Cmj fyfa``itj o`jt vbh s` ”h bbrc wjjs cbt g`u rui hmj kbmjijkumi o`jt w`rc hmj, bbhijsmjh cmj tjljsf``p vmr ”h ijrumoj tyc !ajjlcbi- mhcbbrcmj p`smsmj o`jt kly(
• Cmj tjljsf``p w`rc cbbrhb `p cmj stbbhcjr vbsijsfr`j jh cjur omccjl vbh cmjsmrfjlv`romij luikjl ajjltjobl wbtjrpbs mhijstjl(
• Ky s`oomij tjljsf`pj o`jt cmj plbbtluikjl pbrblljl tussjh twjj v`jtsfr jwj lçjh cbh mhijstjl w`rc(
• Cmj ojjr o`cjrhj kufswbtjrpbssj ajt sljis ”h smrfjlv`romij luikjl wbbr`p cmjtjljsf``p ojt kjaulp vbh v`jtsfr`jwj wbtjrpbs mhijstjl w`rc(
• Swjj v`jtsfr`jwj o`jt bltyc ijlyftycmi ijcrbbm w`rc t`tcbt luikjl prjsmjs mh cmjomccjl ms( Cmj luikjl sbl bltyc cmj lmhfjrcumo sj rmitmhi v`li(
• Cmj tjljsf``p w rc amjrhb =5µ fl`fsijwys ijcrbbm mh cmj rmitmhi vbh cmj cjrcjsfr`j( Ijrmhij vjrstjllmhi vbh cmj cjrcj sfr`j sbl vjr``rsbbf cbt cmj luikjlwjjr cmj lmhfjrcumo v`li(
• Cmj tjljsf``p sbl h`u wbtjrpbs wjjs jh fbh `p jhmij a`jf cjur >45µ ijkrumf w`rc `ocbt cmt mh twjj rmitmhis =5µ ``rfrums f`rrjf `pijstjl ms(
Ajt gy ijwjjt0
Cmj ojjr o`cjrhjkufswbtjrpbssj ajt sljis”h smrfjlv`romij luikjlwbbr`p cmj tjljsf``p
ojt kjaulp vbh v`jtsfr`jwj wbtjrpbsmhijstjl w`rc(
7/23/2019 Siviele Tegnologie Graad 12
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2>2
S`jrustmhi :
@`istuf
Tmsmjr
@kgjftmjd
Dyhvjrstjlsfr`jd
Crmjp``ttrmkrbi
T`jtstuf trmkrbi
T`jt/vjrstjlsfr`jd
A`rms`htbljirbcmæht/bbhwysjr
Luikjlspmæjl
Ajt gy ijwjjt0
Cmj tjljsf``p vbhcmj kufswbtjrpbs o`jtbltyc hb ijkrumf tjrui mhsy a`ujr ijplbbs w`rc(
D`fussfr`jd
T`jtplbbt luikjlsmrfjl wbtjrpbs
T``rs`riobbtrjæls• ^`ri bltyc cbt cmj crmjp``t `p stjwmij ir`hc stbbh(• Crbbm cmj tjljsf``p cjur 215µ6 mhcmjh cmj luikjl wbtjrpbs kly, ms cmj
kufswbtjrpbs rji `pijstjl(• Amjrcmj pr`sjcurj o`jt ijrjjlc umtijv`jr w`rc `o tj vjrsjfjr cbt pojtmhis
bffurbbt ijc`jh w`rc(
Dmiuur :(>7 Cmj tjljsf``p vbh cmj kufswbtjrpbs
D`fussfr`jd
Tmsmjr
@`istuf
T`jtplbbt luikjlsmrfjlwbtjrpbs
A`rms`htblj irbcmæhtbbhwysjr
T`jtstuf trmkrbi
T`jtvjrstjlsfr`jd
Omfr`vjrstjlsfr`jd
@kgjftmjd
Luikjlspmæjl
A`rms`htbljvjrstjlsfr`jd
7/23/2019 Siviele Tegnologie Graad 12
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2>;
: ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Frumsabrj
Ybhhjjr gy cjur cmj ljhs vbh cmj tjljsf``p fyf, smjh gy cmj frumsabrj wbt ”hkjlbhirmfj r`l spjjl ky cmj mhstjl jh ijkrumf vbh cmj kufswbtjrpbs( Cmj frumsabrjkjstbbh umt(• ”h vjrtmfblj abbr(• ”h a`rms`htblj abbr(• twjj bccmsm`hjlj a`rms`htblj abrj !stbcmblyhj-(
Dmiuur :(37 Tjrsfmlljhcj frumsabrjstbcmblyhj wbt cjur ljhs vbh cmj tjljsf``p vbh cmj
kufswbtjrpbs ijsmjh fbh w`rc(
Cmj k``hstj jh `hcjrstj stbcmblyhj w`rc ijkrumf `o bstbhcj tussjh cmjwbbrhjojr jh cmj stb tj ojjt( Amjrcmj ojt`cj ms hmj kbmj sjfuur hmj obbr ijj ”hi`jmj bbhcumcmhi vbh cmj bstbhc(
Dmiuur :(:7 Cmt ms ”h v``rstjllmhi vbh wbt wbbrijhjjo fbh w`rc vbh cmj tjljsf`pmjsj
stbd cjur cmj ljhs vbh cmj tjljsf``p vbh cmj kufswbtjrpbs(
Cmj tjljsf`pmjsj stbd
Cmj tjljsf`pmjs stb w`rc sbbo ojt cmj kufswbtjrpbs ` bhcjr mhstruojht ijkrumf `o a``itjs k`fbht ”h kjpbblcj puht bffurbbt tj ojjt( Cmt ms tussjh 3 jh : ojtjrlbhf jh sfum mh ljhitjs tjljsf`pmjs mh jh umt( Ybhhjjr cmt umtijtrjf ms, w`rc cmt cjurfhmppj mh p`smsmj ija`u `o bffurbbtajmc tj vjrsjfjr( Ljsmhis w`rc `p bstbhcj vbhtussjh >5 o jh ;55 o vbh cmj stb ijhjjo(
Ljt wjl
Cmj stbcmblyhj o`jth``mt vjrwbr w`rcojt a`rms`htbljfrumsabbr, wbt cmj rjitja``itjbbhwysjr ms hmj(
K``hstj jh hcjrstjstbcmblyhj
Tjrtmfblj abbr
A`rms`htblj abbr
7/23/2019 Siviele Tegnologie Graad 12
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2>>
S`jrustmhi :
IrbcubsmjCmj stb amjr`hcjr ms mh ojtjr ijirbcujjr, wbt jlf mh 255 oo !` 25 no-irbcujrmhis`hcjrvjrcjjl ms( Jlfj “tbhc‟ `p cmj stb stjl 25 oo v``r(
Dmiuur :(47 Sjljsf`pmjsj stbd
Cmj ljsmhi `p amjrcmj stb o`jt s``s amjrk` umtijwjrf w`rc `o cmj t`tbblj a``itjtj fry( Kjrjfjhmhij o`jt h`ufjurmi ijc`jh w`rc, bbhijsmjh `utj obflmf fbh v``rf`o f`o jh utmjwj a``itjsljsmhis ijkrumf fbh w`rc(
Dmiuur :(97 Sjljsf`pmjsj stbd ojt bdojtmhis mh omllmojtjr
Cmj bojtmhis p amjrcmj s``rt stb ms obflmfjr ljjskbbr jh a``itjs fbh cmrjf bijljjs w`rc s`hcjr jhmij kjrjfjhmhij( D`utj w`rc cus t`t ”h omhmouo kjpjrf(
Tjrs`rimhi vbh cmj tjljsf`pmjsj stb • ^`ri cbt cmj stb bltyc t`jijv`u ms wbhhjjr cmt vjrv`jr w`rc(• Ulbbs cmj stb mh ”h sbf `o tj vjra`jc cbt irbcubsmjs fbh brbp wbhhjjr cmt
vjrv`jr w`rc(• ^`ri cbt cmj plbstmjf/ ` ojtbblfhmppj mh ”h wjrfjhcj t`jstbhc ms o bl cmj
sjfsmjs mh p`smsmj tj a`u(
A``itj `p stbd ? 234 no `d 2 345 oo `d 2(34 o
A``itj `p stbd ? 235 no `d 2 355 oo `d 2(3 o
A``itj `p stbd sbl 234 no `d 2 345 oo `d 2(34 o wjjs
A``itj `p stbd ? 235 no`d 2 355 oo `d 2(3 o( Jlfjtbhc stjl 2no `d 25 oov``r(
7/23/2019 Siviele Tegnologie Graad 12
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2>3
: ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Dmiuur :(17 Ljsmhi `p cmj tjljsf`pmjsj stbd
Bdstbhcojtmhi
Cmj bstbhc tussjh twjj puhtj fbh ojt kjaulp vbh cmj kufswbtjrpbs kjpbbl w`rccjur cmj ljsmhi `p cmj `hcjrstj stbcmblyh vbh cmj k``hstj stbcmblyh b tj trjf jhcbbrhb ojt 255 tj vjrojhmivulcmi(
Bstbhc ? !K``hstj stbcmbljsmhi „ hcjrstj stbcmbljsmhi- Ù 255? !2,4;: „ 2,:9:- Ù 255? 5,5: Ù 255? : o
Dmiuur :(=7 Bdstbhcojtmhi `p tjljsf`pmjsj stbd
Cmj v`lijhcj `utj fbh tycjhs cmj bjjs vbh cmj a``itjs `p cmj stb jh cmjmhsfrywmhi cbbrvbh v``rf`o7• @`rf`hsjhtrbsmj `p cjsmoblj ljsmhis jh cmj vjrfjjrcj mhsfry vbh a``itjljsmhis(• Cmj wjilbbt vbh hullj, kyv``rkjjlc 3,5= mh plbbs vbh 3,55=(
^tbcmbljsmhi ? 2,4;:
^tbcmbljsmhi ? 2,:9:
Ljsmhi `p cmj stbd ? 2,455
7/23/2019 Siviele Tegnologie Graad 12
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2>:
S`jrustmhi :
• Cmj `ocrbbm vbh syjrs mh ”h ljsmhi, kyv `rkjjlc 2,452 mh plbbs vbh 2,254(• Cmj hjjo vbh ljsmhis `p stbcmblyh mh plbbs vbh frumsabrj(• Cmj hjjrsfry vbh ljsmhis mh vjrfjjrcj f`l`ooj(• Tjrsumo `o sjfjrj ljsmhis hjjr tj sfry(
@pojtmhi jh pjmlk`jf
Hmvjlljrmhi
Ky hmvjlljrmhi ibbh cmt `o cmj ojjt vbh vjrtmfblj bstbhcj `p vjrsfjmj puhtj, ojtbhcjr w``rcj cmt cum cmj a``itjvjrsfmllj tussjh twjj `pjjhv`lijhcj puhtj bbh(
Smpj hmvjlljjrcjrs
Cbbr ms vjrsfmlljhcj tmpjs hmvjlljjrcjrs mh ijkrumf, obbr vmr cmj c`jl vbh `hs fursusibbh sljis cmj kufswbtjrpbs ijkrumf w`rc(
@o ljsmhis tj hjjo
”h Ljsmhi kjstbbh umt ”h k``hstj jh `hcjrstj stbcmblyh( Amjrcmj lyhj w`rc ijkrumf `o cmj bstbhc tussjh cmj stb jh kufswbtjrpbs tj kjrjfjh(
D`roulj vmr cmj kjrjfjhmhi vbh bstbhcBstbhc tussjh kufswbtjrpbs jh stb ? !k``hstj stbcmbljsmhi „ `hcjrstjstbcmbljsmhi- Ù 255
T``rkjjlc7K``hstj stbcmbljsmhi ? 2,>:;@hcjrstj stbcmbljsmhi ? 2,5>=
Bstbhc ? !2,>4; „ 2,5>=- Ù 255? 5,>;> Ù 255? >;,> o
Cmj a`rms`htblj frumsabbrlyh jh vjrtmfblj frumsabbrlyh cum cmj a``itj bbh vbhb cmj `hcjrstj puht vbh cmj stb jh cmj ljsmhi `p cmj stb (
Cmj hmvjlljjrcjr ms ”h `pojtmhismhstruojht wbt `htwjrp ms ojt cmj umtslumtlmfj c`jl`o ”h a`rms`htblj wbbrhjomhislyh tj vjrsfb( Ojt kjaulp vbh amjrcmj a`rms`htbljlyhj fbh cmj a``itjvjrsfmllj !vjrtmfblj bstbhcj- tussjh cmj `pv`lipuhtj kjpbblw`rc(
Cmj Jhijlsj tjroj jh aullj Brmfbbhsj vjrtblmhis wbt `hs ibbh ijkrumf ms7Kbnf smiat ? SU !tjruipjmlmhitjruiljsmhi-D`rjsmiat ? TU !v``rumtpjmlmhiv``rumtljsmhi-Mhtjrojcmbtj smiat ? Sussjhljsmhi !SL-
Bs cmj bstbhc tussj twjj puhtj tj lbhf ms, ` bs cmj a``itjvjrsfml tussjh twjj puhtjtj ir``t ms, w`rc cbbr ojjr puhtj tussjh cmj twjj kumtjbstbhcj ijhjjo( Cmt stbbhkjfjhc bs cmj tussjhljsmhi !SL-(
7/23/2019 Siviele Tegnologie Graad 12
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2>4
: ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
[milyhj vmr vjlcwjrf
Cmj hmvjlljjrcjr o`jt mh cmj omccjl tussjh cmj SU jh TU stbbh(Bs cbbr ”h mhstruojht`ut ms, sbl cmt umtijfbhsjlljjr w`rc `ocbt cmj hmvjlljjrcjr mhcmj omccjl ms(Cmj wbbrhjomhislyh obi hmj hbcjr bs 5,: o bbh cmj ir`hc wjjs hmj( Cmt sblstrbblkrjfmhi vjra`jc
Irbdmjsj v``rstjllmhi vbh pjmlk`jf jh tjljsf`pmjsj stbd !stbd-
B ? Ir`hcpuhtpjhK ? Ir`hcpuhtpjhN ? U`smsmj vbh cmj mhstruojhtBN ? BK
b ? Tjrtmfblj ljsmhi `p tjljsf`pmjsj stb !stb- ky pjh Bk ? Tjrtmfblj ljsmhi `p stb ky pjh Kb „ k ? A``itjvjrsfml tussjh B jh K
Irbdmjsj v``rstjllmhi vbh `pojtmhi vmr v`lt``mmhi vbh cmjpjmlk`jf
Mh cmj sfjts amjrk` sbl cmj a``itj ky B h`robblwji kjfjhc wjjs( Cmj a``itjs ky cmj
bhcjr puhtj o`jt cbh kjrjfjh w`rc(
Cmj hmvjlljjrcjr w`rc ky p`smsmj h`oojr 2 `pijstjl( Cmj wbbrhjomhi hb B w`rccmj tjruipjml !SU- ijh`jo(
>,1;
7/23/2019 Siviele Tegnologie Graad 12
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2>9
S`jrustmhi :
• Hjjo cmj stbb hb p`smsmj K(• Cmj wbbrhjomhi hb K w`rc cmj v``rumtpjml !TU- ijh`jo(• A`u cmj stbb `p K(• ^fum cmj hmvjlljjrcjr hb p`smsmj h`oojr ;(• Hjjo cmj SU hb K(• Hjjo cmj stb hb p`smsmj N(
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• Sjl cmj SU”s, ky ojfbbr jh sfry cmj t`tbbl `hcjr cmj f`l`o(• Sjl cmj TU”s, ky ojfbbr jh sfry cmj t`tbbl `hcjr cmj f`l`o(• Srjf cbh cmj s`o vbh cmj TU”s b vbh cmj s`o vbh cmj SU”s(• Sjl cmj styimhis kyojfbbr jh sfry cmj t`tbbl `hcjr cmj f`l`o(• Sjl cbh cmj cblmhis kyojfbbr jh sfry cmj t`tbbl `hcjr cmj f`l`o• Srjf cbh cmj s`o vbh cmj cblmhis b vbh cmj s`o vbh cmj styimhis(• Srjf cmj jjrstj a``itj b vbh cmj lbbstj a``itj(• Cmj vjrsfmllj tusjh cmj SU jh TU, cmj styimhis jh cblmhis, cmj jjrstj jh lbbstj
a``itj o`jt cmjsjlcj wjjs(
^tbppj wbt ijv`li fbh w`rc ky v`lt``mmhi vbh tbkjl !pjmlk`jf- !a``itjk`jf-• A``itjkbfjh !AKKO ? B7 9:2(;:5- w rc ijw``htlmf p cmj cmbirbo bbhijt``h
jh w`rc ajjlk` mh cmj ajrljmcj a``itj f`l`o mhijsfry(• F`llmobsmj a``itj w rc vjrfry cjur cmj tjruipjmlmhi !SU ? 2(92;- ky cmj
ajrljmcj a``itj !9:2(;:5- tj tjl(• Cmj tjruipjmlmhi B !SU ? 2(92;- w`rc ajjlk` mh jjrstj f`l`o ijsfry `hcjr
!SU-(
• Cmj v``rumtpjmlmhi K !TU ? 5(152- w`rc mh twjjcj kl`ffmj `hcjr !TU- mhijsfry(
• Cmj vjrsfml tussjh B !SU- jh K !TU- w`rc mh cmj styimhi cblmhi f`l`omhijsfry bs cmj v`lijhcj a``itj ”h styimhi ` cblmhi t``h( Ybbr cmj jjrstj ljsmhiir`tjr bs twjjcj ms o`jt cbbr ”h styimhi vbh cmj jjh stbp`smsmj hb ”h v`lijhcjwjjs( Amjrcmj vjrsfml !2(92; „ 5(152 ? 5(=22- w`rc mh cmj twjjcj kl`ffmj `hcjrcmj styi f`l`o mhijsfry(
• @o cmj ajrljmcj a``itj tj vjrfry w`rc cmj jjrstj ajrljmcj a``itj vbh cmj cmj vjrsfml tussjh B !SU- jh cmj K !TU- bijtrjf kyijtjl !styif`l`o kyijtjl jhcbblf`l`o bijtrjf- hb ijlbhi vbh ”h styimhi ` cblmhi(
• Cmj jjrstj ajrljmcj a``itj !9:2(;:5- w`rc h`u ky cmj vjrsfml tussjh cmj !SU-2(92; jh !TU- 5(152 ? 5(=22 ijtjl `ocbt cmt mh cmj styif`l`o mhijsfry ms(
• Amjrcmj ljsmhi !9:2(;:5 & 5(=22 ? 9:;(242 w`rc mh cmj twjjcj kl`ffmj `hcjrajrljmcj a``itj mhijsfry(
• Cmj v`lijhcj !SU ? 5(;:;- w`rc h`u mh cmj cjrcj kl`ffmj mh cmj !SU- f`l`omhijsfry(
• Cmj v`lijhcj !TU ? 2(:>5- w`rc h`u mh cmj vmjrcj kl`ffmj `hcjr !TU- mhijsfry(Cmj vjrsfml tussjh !2(:>5 „ 5(;:; ? 2(;91- cum `p ”h cblmhi(
• Amjrcmj a``itj w rc mh cmj vmjrcj kl`ffmj hcjr Cblmhi mhijsfry(• Cmj twjjcj f`llmobsmja``itj w`rc h`u kjpbbl cjur cmj twjjcj ajrljmcj a``itj
ky cmj twjjcj !SU- tj tjl(
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• Cmj cjrcj ajrljmcj a``itj w rc h u kjrjfjh cjur cmj vjrsfml tussjh cmj twjjcj!SU- jh !TU- !2(:>5 „ 5(;:; ? 2(;91- vbh cmj twjjcj ajrljmcj a``itj b tj trjf `ocbt cmt mh ”h cblmhif`l`o mhijsfry ms(
• Ajrabbl stbppj t`tcbt tbkjl v`lt``m ms(
AK/KO ? B7 9:2(;:5
S(U S(L T(U ^tyi Cblmhi F`llmobsmj„ a``itj
Ajrljmcja``itj
@pojrfmhis
2(92; 9:;(=4; 9:2(;:5
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5(:>5 5(4=4 9:2(:9=
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9:2(;91/9:2(;:5
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Dmiuur :(257 Tjrsfmlljhcj ljsmhis `p kufswbtjrpbs `o pylk`jf tj v`lt``m
T``rkjjlc7Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj mhlmitmhi amjr`hcjr jh kjbhtw``rc cmj vrbbi cjur cmj ljsmhishb cmj pjmlk`jf ``r tj crb jh tj vjrwjrf( S jts g`u bhtw``rcj(
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S`jrustmhi :
Cmj v`lt``mmhi vbh cmj pjmlk`jf sbl s``s v`li wjjs vmr cmj v``rkjjlc amjrk`7Cmj a``itjkbfjh AK ` a``itjojrf AO vbh B k` sjjvlbf ms 25,55 ojtjr(
Sjrui/
pjmlmhi
!SU-
Sussjh
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^tyimhi Cblmhi F`llmobsmj/
a``itj
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2,:: ;,;= 2;,:2 Uuht N
2,4: 5,25 2;,32 Uuht C
9,44 :,;: ;,:2 5,25 ;5,59 S tbblj
9,44„ :,;:
;,:2„ 5,25
2;,32/25,55
Kjwjrfmhi
&;,32 &;,32 &;,32 Tjrsfml
AK/KO ? B7 9:2(;:5
S(U S(L T(U ^tyi Cblmhi F`llmobsmj„ a``itj
Ajrljmcj
a``itj
@pojrfmhis
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5(:>5 5(4=4 9:2(:9=
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3(;=2/3(;4>
2(459/2(:9=
9:2(;91/9:2(;:5
5(5;1 5(5;1 5(5;1 Tjrsfml
Dmiuur :(227 Tjrsfmlljhcj ljsmhis `p kufswbtjrpbs `o pjmlk`jf tj v`lt``m
Tjrsfml!styi- &
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Tjrsfml!cblmhi- „
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AK/KO ? 39>(29
S(U S(L T(U ^tyi Cblmhi F`llmobsmj
/a``itj
Ajrljmcj
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@pojrfmhis
;(;5 39:(>9 39>(29 B
2(>5 5(= 393(59 K
5(15 393(19
5(19 5(59 393(55 N
2(>2 39:(>2
;(35 2(5= 39;(=2 C
2(1> 393(93
5(=5 5(=> 39>(13 J
2(;5 5(>5 39>(:3 D
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4(23/:(=9
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2(44 39>(>3/39>(29
5(29 5(29 5(29 Tjrsfml
Dmiuur :(2;7 ”h T``rkjjlc vbh a`j ”h pjmlk`jf v`lt``m fbh w`rc mhcmjh tussjhljsmhis `f
ijhjjo ms
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S`jrustmhi :
AK/KOB ?:32(>5
S(U S(L T(U ^tyi Cblmhi F`llmobsmj „
a``itj
Ajrljmcj
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@pojrfmhis
5(32 :32(92 :32(>5 B
5(13 5(3> :35(19 K
2(25 :>=(99
2(2= 5(5= :35(91 N
2(;5 5(52 :35(99 C
5(45 :35(29
2(>3 5(93 :35(5> J
2(;2 5(2> :35(24 D
2(2= 5(5; :35(21 I
;(22 >(;> 5(2: 2(;9 :35(21 S tbblj
;(22 >(;>/;(22
5(2: 2(;9/5(2:
:32(>5/:35(21
2(2; 2(2; 2(2; Tjrsfml
Dmiuur :(2>7 H`i ”h v``rkjjlc vbh a`j ”h pjmlk`jf v`lt``m fbh w`rc(
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Bftmwmtjmt 2
2( Ijkrumf cmj mhlmitmhi amjr`hcjr `p v``rkjrjmcj vjl `o cmj pjmlk`jf tj v`lt``m(
S(U S(L T(U ^tyi Tbl
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a``itj
Ajrljmcj
a``itj@pojrfmhis
B
K
N
C
S`tblj
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: ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
3( Ijkrumf cmj mhlmitmhi amjr`hcjr `p v``rkjrjmcj vjl `o cmj pjmlk`jf tj v`lt``m(
S(U S(L T(U ^tyi Tbl
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@o cmj bdstbhc vbhbd cmj kufswbtjrpbs tj kjrjfjh bs cmjk``hstj jh `hcjrstj stbcmbljsmhis kjfjhc ms
T``rkjjlcKjrjfjh cmj bstbhc vbhb cmj kufswbtjrpbs hb cmj tjljsf`pmjsj stb bs cmj v`lijhcjljsmhis `p cmj tjljsf`pmjsj stb vjrfry w`rc7
K``hstj stbcmbljsmhi ? ;,:3@hcjrstj stbcmbljsmhi ? 2,3=
@pl`ssmhi Bstbhc vbhb kufswbtjrpbs t`t ky stb ? !k``hstj stbcmbljsmhi „ `hcjrstjstbcmbljsmhi- Ù 255
? !;,:3 „ 2,3=- Ù 255? 2,5: Ù 255? 254 o
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S`jrustmhi :
Bftmwmtjmt ;
Kjrjfjh cmj bstbhc vbhb cmj kufswbtjrpbs hb cmj tjljsf`pmjsj stb bs cmj v`lijhcj ljsmhis `p cmj tjljsf`pmjsj stb vjrfry w`rc7
H`oojr K``hstj stbcmbljsmhi @hcjrstj stbcmbljsmhi Bstbhc vbhb kufswbtjrpbs
2( 2,9: 2,:2
;( ;,>4 ;,;:
>( 2,4;: 2,39:
3( >,3:5 >,>:=
:( ;,3: ;,;4
@o cmj bstbhc vbhb cmj kufswbtjrpbs tj kjrjfjh bs cmj k``hstj stbcmbljsmhi
jh cmj a`rms`htblj frumsabbrljsmhi kjfjhc ms
T``rkjjlc 2Kjrjfjh cmj ljsmhi p cmj hcjrstj stbcmblyh bs``f cmj bstbhc vbhb cmjkufswbtjrpbs hb cmj tjljsf`pmjsj stb bs cmj v`lijhcj ljsmhis `p cmj tjljsf`pmjsj stb vjrfry w`rc7K``hstj stbcmbljsmhi ? 2,9:A`rms`htblj frumsabbr ? 2,4>
@pl`ssmhi Tjrsfml k``hstj stbcmb jh omccjlstj a`rms`htblj frumsabbrljsmhis ? K``hstj
stbcmbljsmhi „ a`rms`htblj frumsabbrljsmhi
? 2,9: „ 2,4>? 5,2;
@hcjrstj stbcmbljsmhi ? a`rms`htblj frumsabbrljsmhi „ vjrsfml tussjh ljsmhis? 2,4> „ 5,2;? 2,:2
Bstbhc vbhb kufswbtjrpbs t`t ky stb ? !k``hstj stbcmbljsmhi „ `hcjrstjstbcmbljsmhi- Ù 255
? !2,9: „ 2,:2- Ù 255? 5,;3 Ù 255? ;3,5 o
T``rkjjlc ;Kjrjfjh cmj ljsmhi p cmj hcjrstj stbcmblyh bs``f cmj bstbhc vbhb cmjkufswbtjrpbs hb cmj tjljsf`pmjsj stb bs cmj v`lijhcj ljsmhis `p cmj tjljsf`pmjsj stb vjrfry w`rc7
Hr K``hstj
stbcmbljsmhi
A`rs`htblj
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: ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
@pl`ssmhi @o cmj vjrsfml mh a``itj !a``itjvjrsfml- tj kjrjfjh bs cmj SU jh TU kjfjhc ms(
[jæls vmr cmj kjrjfjhmhi vbh cmj vjrsfml mh a``itj bs cmj tjruipjmlmhi !SU- jhT``rumtpjmlmhi !TU- kjfjhc ms72( Srjf bltyc cmj TU b vbh cmj SU mh cmj v`rmij lyh(;( Bs cmj bhtw``rc p`smtmj ms, ms cmt ”h styimhi(
>( Bs cmj bhtw``rc hjibtmj ms, ms cmt ”h cblmhi(
T``rkjjlc >Kjrjfjh cmj a``itjvjrsfml bs cmj72( SU ? ;,;>5 jh cmj TU ? 2,9;5 ms(;( SU ? 5,95= jh cmj TU ? 2,3>; ms
@pl`ssmhi 2( A``itjvjrsfml ? SU „ TU
? ;,;>5 „ 2,9;5? 5,:2 ms ”h styimhi `ocbt cmt p`smtmj ms
;( A``itjvjrsfml ? SU „ TU? 5,95= „ 2,3>;? /5,9;> ms ”h cblmhi `ocbt cmt hjibtmj ms
Bftmwmtjmt >
T`lt``m cmj tbkjl amjr`hcjr cjur cmj a``itjvjrsfml tj kjrjfjh jh sfry cmjbhtw``rc mh cmj styimhi/ ` cblmhif`l`o hjjr( Cmj v`lijhcj ljsmhis ms cjur cmjhmvjlljjrcjr wbbrijhjjo(
SU TU ^tyimhi Cblmhi
;,3: 2,:=
>,4= ;,:1
2,;> ;,:9
>,42 3,:>
@o cmj vjrsfml mh a``itj !a``itjvjrsfml- tj kjrjfjh bs cmj SU jh SL kjfjhc ms
[jæls vmr cmj kjrjfjhmhi vbh cmj vjrsfml mh a``itj bs cmj tjruipjmlmhi !SU- jhSussjhljsmhi !SL- kjfjhc ms2( Srjf bltyc cmj SL vbh cmj SU b(;( Bs cmj bhtw``rc p`smtmj ms, ms cmt ”h styimhi(>( Bs cmj bhtw``rc hjibtmj ms, ms cmt ”h cblmhi(
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S`jrustmhi :
T``rkjjlcKjrjfjh cmj a``itjvjrsfml bs cmj72( SU ? 2,595 jh cmj SL ? 5,3:4 ms(;( SU ? 5,=94 jh cmj SL ? ;,:=; ms
@pl`ssmhi 2( A``itjvjrsfml ? SU „ SL
? 2,595 „ 5,3:4? 5,423 ”h styimhi `ocbt cmt p`smtmj ms
;( A``itjvjrsfml ? SU „ SL? 5,=94 „ ;,:=;? /2,424 ms ”h cblmhi `ocbt cmt hjibtmj ms
Bftmwmtjmt 3
T`lt``m cmj tbkjl amjr`hcjr cjur cmj a``itjvjrsfml tj kjrjfjh jh sfry cmj
bhtw``rc mh cmj styimhi/ ` cblmhif`l`o hjjr( Cmj v`lijhcj ljsmhis ms cjur cmjhmvjlljjrcjr wbbrijhjjo(
SU SL ^tyimhi Cblmhi
;,5>3 2,5=1
2,;>5 2,2>:
5,1:9 2,9=1
>,:32 3,;:4
@o cmj vjrsfml mh a``itj !a``itjvjrsfml- tj kjrjfjh bs twjj SL”s lbhis ojfbbr lç
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T``rkjjlcKjrjfjh cmj a``itjvjrsfml bs cmj7
2( SL ky jjrstj puht ? 2,>: jh cmj SL twjjcj puht ? 5,>3= ms(;( SL ky jjrstj puht ? 5,:> jh cmj SL twjjcj puht ? 5,95 ms(
@pl`ssmhi 2( A``itjvjrsfml ? SL !2- „ SL !;-
? 2,>:5 „ 5,>3=? 2,552 ”h styimhi `ocbt cmt p`smtmj ms
;( A``itjvjrsfml ? SL !2- „ SL !;-? 5,:> „ 5,95? /5,29 ms ”h cblmhi `ocbt cmt hjibtmj ms
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: ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Bftmwmtjmt :
T`lt``m cmj tbkjl amjr`hcjr cjur cmj a``itjvjrsfml tj kjrjfjh jh sfry cmjbhtw``rc mh cmj styimhi/ ` cblmhif`l`o hjjr( Cmj v`lijhcj ljsmhis ms cjur cmjhmvjlljjrcjr wbbrijhjjo(
SL SL ^tyimhi Cblmhi
3,>2 >,=1
2,3:4 2,5;3
5,=93 2,35=
;,14 >, ;3
@o cmj wbrj a``itj tj kjrjfjh bs cmj a``itjkbfjh !AK-vjrwysmhispuht jhstyimhi kjfjhc ms AK ? v``itjkbfjh !Jhi7 KO ? Kjhna obrf-
[jæls vmr cmj kjrjfjhmhi vbh cmj wbrj a``itj bs cmj styimhi kjfjhc ms72( Sjl bltyc cmj styimhi ky cmj kjfjhcj a``itj(
T``rkjjlcKjrjfjh cmj wbrj a``itj bs cmj72( AK ? ;9= o jh cmj styimhi ? 5,33: ms(;( AK ? 39;,31 o jh cmj styimhi ? 5,=3 ms(
@pl`ssmhi72( Ybrj a``itj ? AK & styimhi
? ;9= & 5,33:? ;9=,33:
;( Ybrj a``itj ? AK & styimhi? 39;,31 & 5,=3? 39>,3;
Bftmwmtjmt 4
T`lt``m cmj tbkjl amjr`hcjr cjur cmj wbrj a``itj tj kjrjfjh(
AKTjrwysmhispuht ^tyimhi Ybrj a``itj
2;>,:3 5,=19
;;5 2,;5
;=1,;3 2,=4
:>;,:3> ;,:3
@o cmj wbrj a``itj tj kjrjfjh bs cmj AKKOvjrwysmhispuht jh cblmhi kjfjhc ms
[jæls vmr cmj kjrjfjhmhi vbh cmj wbrj a``itj bs cmj cblmhi kjfjhc ms72( Srjf bltyc cmj cblmhi vbh cmj kjfjhcj a``itj b(
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S`jrustmhi :
T``rkjjlcKjrjfjh cmj wbrj a``itj bs cmj72( AK ? :32,>5 o jh cmj cblmhi ? 5,3>5 ms(;( AK ? 2>;,9: o jh cmj cblmhi ? ;,;1 ms(
@pl`ssmhi 2( Ybrj a``itj ? AK „ cblmhi
? :32,>5 „ 5,3>5? :35,19
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2:5
: ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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2:2
S`jrustmhi :
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2:>
S`jrustmhi :
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2:3
: ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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2::
S`jrustmhi :
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2:9
S`jrustmhi :
Hbbo Ijkrumf Abhtjrmhi Mhstbhca`ucmhi jh s`ri
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2:1
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^tbp 17Cmj bbrc vbh cmj frbitj ky pjhlbs KNC fbh hb amjrcmj stbp `p cmj rumotjcmbirbomhijtjfjh w`rc( Yjrf wjjr fl`fsijwys v`lijhs cmj k`æ sj pylpuhtj( Frbi KNwjrf `pwbbrts( Kjwjji mh cmj frbitjcmbirbo vbhb k hb n( @hcjrcjjl NC msa`rms`htbbl( Kjwjji mh cmj frbitjcmbirbo vbhb puht n a`rms`htbbl hb puht c( Sjfjh`p `hcjrcjjl NC mh cmj rumotjcmbirbo ”h pylpuht hb lmhfs hbky pjhlbs KNC `o
cmj rmitmhi vbh cmj frbi mh `hcjrcjjl NC v``r tj stjl( @hcjrcjjl CK ms >5µ sfumhs(Kjwjji mh cmj frbitjcmbirbo vbhb puht c hb puht k( Cmj rmitmhi ms bwbbrts cbbr`ow`rc cbbr ky pjhlbs KNC mh cmj rumotjcmbirbo ”h pylpuht hbky pjhlbs KNC `p`hcjrcjjl CB ijtrjf( Amjrcmj pylpuht wys bwbbrts(
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293
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>( ^tjl frbi KN ? : fH v lijhs sfbbl v` rcjur vbhb k ;: oo `pwbbrts tj ojjt(!frbiKN wjrf `pwbbrts-Ojrf cmj puht n(
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@pl`ssmhi72( [umotjcmbirbo;( Frbitjcmbirbo ` vjft`rcmbirbo
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n vbh vmjrfbht !cjjl 2- vbhb lyh K„K ms >4 oo(n vbh vmjrfbht !cjjl 2- vbhb lyh B„B ms >4 oo(
n vbh vmjrfbht !cjjl ;- vbhb lyh K„K ms >4 oo(n vbh vmjrfbht !cjjl ;- vbhb lyh B„B ms 251 oo(
T``rkjjlc >Swjj ijf`okmhjjrcj lbojllj w`rc ijt``h(Kjrjfjh jh sfry sljis cmj p`smsmjs vbh cmj sjhtr`àjc vbh cjjl 2 jh ; vbhb lyh K„Kjh lyh B„B hjjr(
@pl`ssmhi n vbh rjia`jf !cjjl 2- vbhb lyh K„K ms :5 oo(
n vbh rjia`jf !cjjl 2- vbhb lyh B„B ms >4 oo(
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@pl`ssmhi 2( n vbh vmjrfbht vbhb lyh [„^ ms :5 oo(
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n vbh crmja`jf vbhb lyh [„^ ms ;55 oo(n vbh crmja`jf vbhb lyh U„R ms >5 oo(
;( Brjb vbh vmjrfbht ? 25 555 oo;
Brjb vbh crmja`jf ? 2> :55 oo;
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n vbh rjia`jf !cjjl 2- vbhb lyh B„B ms 3: oo(
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;( Brjb vbh vmjrfbht ? 3 5:5 oo;
Brjb vbh crmja`jf ? 2 419,: oo;
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lbojllj vbhb lyh K„K jh lyh B„B hjjr(;(; Kjrjfjh jh sfry cmj brjbs vbh cmj bs`hcjrlmfj lbojllj hjjr(;(> Kjrjfjh jh sfry cmj t tblj `ppjrvlbftj vbh cmj ijf`okmhjjrcj lbojl hjjr(
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;23
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D`roulj vmr cmj kjpblmhi vbh cmj sjhtr`àjcj U`smsmj vbh n ? !B2 Ù c - ² !B; Ù c - ² !B> Ù c -
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c ? cmj bstbhc vbh jlfj bpbrtj lbojl sj sjhtr`àjc vbhb cmjijvrbbicj bs ms!c ms cmj Jhijlsj b`rtmhi vmr cmstbhnj-
S tblj ppjrvlbftj s`hcjr ”h ibt7Bs twjj ` ojjr lbojllj kyojfbbr ijv`ji w`rc, w rc cmj bs`hcjrlmfj`ppjrvlbftjs kyojfbbr ijtjl(
S tblj ppjrvlbftj ojt ”h ibt7Bs cbbr ”h ibt v``rf`o, w`rc cmj bs`hcjrlmfj ppjrvlbftjs vbh ojfbbr bijtrjf(
T``rkjjlc 2Cmj iuur amjr`hcjr t``h ”h sbboijstjlcj v``rwjrp vbh jjhv`romij cmftj(2( Kjrjfjh cmj t tblj `ppjrvlbftj vbh cmj iuur(;( ^fry cmj p`smsmj vbh cmj sjhtr àjc vbh jlfj cjjl vbhb cmj O„H jh
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? 2;5 oo Ù =5 oo
? 25 155 oo»
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;29
S`jijpbstj ojibhmfb 4
;( [bbcpljji cmj `rouljklbc jh ijkrumf cmj `rouljs cbbr`p `o cmj brjbs jh sjhtr`àjcj vbhbs`hcjrlmfj ojjtfuhcmij iurj tj kjpbbl(
>( ^fry `roulj hjjr `o n tj kjrjfjh(² w`rc hb / vjrbhcjr ocbt cbbr ”hibt mh cmj lbojl ms(
n vbhb Q ? !B2 Ù c - ∛ !B; Ù c -
t`tblj brjb
3( Ijkrumf sbfrjfjhbbr jh kjrjfjh cmj
brjb vbh cjjl jjh( !B2 ms cmj rjia`jf(^fry amjrcmj wbbrcj ky B2(
? !; 355 Ù c - ∛ !3:5 Ù c -
2 =:5
:( Ijkrumf sbfrjfjhbbr jh kjrjfjhcmj brjb vbh cjjl twjj( !B; ms cmjcrmja`jf-( ^fry amjrcmj wbbrcj ky B; hjjr(
4( Kjrjfjh cmj t`tblj brjb vbh cmj twjjojjtfuhcmij iurj
9( Kjpbbl a`j vjr n vbh cjjl jjh !cmjrjia`jf- vbhb cmj x/bs ms jh sfry cïí wbbrcj mh cmj pljf vbh c mh cmj`roulj hjjr
? !; 355 Ù >5- ∛ !3:5 Ù c -
2 =:5
1( Kjpbbl a`j vjr n vbh cjjl twjj !cmjcrmja`jf- vbhb cmj x/bs ms jh sfry cïí wbbrcj mh cmj pljf vbh c mh cmj`roulj hjjr
? !; 355 Ù >5- ∛ !3:5 Ù 25- oo>
2 =:5 oo;
=( Tjrojhmivulcmi cmj ijtbllj tussjhcmj abfmjs
? 9; 555 ∛ 3 :55 oo>
2 =:5 oo;
25( C`jh cmj kjwjrfmhi bbh cmj k`fbht vbh cmj lyh
? 49 :55 oo>
2 =:5 oo;
22( Cjjl cmj ijtbllj vmr cmj bhtw` rc jhr`hc cmt t`t twjj cjsmoblj b( T`ji
cmj jjhajmc ky, ijw``hlmf ms cmt oo(
? >3,4; oo
2;( ^fry roulj hjjr `o n tj kjrjfjh(² w`rc hb / vjrbhcjr ocbt cbbr ”hibt mh cmj lbojl ms(
n vbhb ] ? !B2 Ù c - ∛ !B; Ù c -
t`tblj brjb
2>( ^fry cmj brjbs wbt amjrk` vjrsfyh mhcmj `roulj hjjr(
? !; 355 Ù c - ∛ !3:5 Ù c -
2 =:5
23( Kjpbbl a`j vjr n vbh cjjl jjh !cmjrjia`jf- vbhb cmj y/bs ms jh sfry cïí wbbrcj mh cmj pljf vbh c mh cmj`roulj hjjr
? !; 355 Ù ;5- ∛ !3:5 Ù c -
2 =:5
2:( Kjpbbl a`j vjr n vbh cjjl twjj !cmj
crmja`jf- vbhb cmj y/bs ms jh sfry cïí wbbrcj mh cmj pljf vbh c mh cmj`roulj hjjr
? !; 355 Ù ;5- ∛ !3:5 Ù ;:- oo>
2 =:5 oo;
24( Tjrojhmivulcmi cmj ijtbllj tussjhcmj abfmjs
? 31 55 ∛ 22 ;:5 oo>
2 =:5 oo;
29( C`jh cmj kjwjrfmhi bbh cmj k`fbht vbh cmj lyh
? >4 9:5 oo>
2 =:5 oo;
21( Cjjl cmj ijtbllj vmr cmj bhtw` rc jhr`hc cmt t`t twjj cjsmoblj b( T`jicmj jjhajmc ky, ijw``hlmf ms cmt oo(
? 21,1: oo
N vbh lbojl ms !21,1: oo6 >3,4; oo-
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;2=
S`jijpbstj ojibhmfb 4
Bftmwmtjmt 1
2( Cmj iuur amjr`hcjr t``h ”h ijbts`jhjjrcj lbojl(@htljjc cmj lbojl jh kjbhtw``rc cmj vrbj wbt cbbr`p v`li(
2(2 Kjrjfjh jh sfry cmj brjb vbh cmj rjia`jf hjjr(2(; Kjrjfjh jh sfry cmj brjb vbh cmj crmja`jf hjjr(2(> Kjrjfjh jh sfry cmj t tblj brjb vbh cmj lbojl hjjr(2(3 ^fry cmj sjhtr`àjc vbh cmj rjia`jf vbhb Q„Q hjjr(2(: ^fry cmj sjhtr`àjc vbh cmj rjia`jf vbhb ]„] hjjr(2(4 ^fry cmj sjhtr`àjc vbh cmj crmja`jf vbhb Q„Q hjjr(2(9 ^fry cmj sjhtr`àjc vbh cmj crmja`jf vbhb Q„Q hjjr(2(1 Ijkrumf cmj mhlmitmhi amjrk` jh `roulj jh kjrjfjh cmj sjhtr àjc vbhb
Q„Q jh ]„]([`hc g`u bhtw``rc b t`t twjj cjsmoblj(
;( Cmj iuur t``h ”h ijbts`jhjjrcj lbojl ojt ”h jjhv`romij cmftj(Kjrjfjh cmj sjhtr`àjc vbh cmj lbojl vbhb lyh B„B([`hc g`u bhtw``rc b t`t twjj cjsmoblj(
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;;;
4 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
1( Cmj iuur t``h ”h ijbts`jhjjrcj lbojl ojt ”h jjhv`romij cmftj(Kjrjfjh cmj sjhtr`àjc vbh cmj lbojl vbhb cmj x/bs jh y/bs( Bllj bojtmhis msmh ojtjr([`hc g`u bhtw``rc b t`t twjj cjsmoblj(
=( Kjrjfjh cmj p`smsmjs vbh cmj sjhtr`àjc vbh cmj sbboijstjlcj v``rwjrp vbhb lyh O„H jh lyh F„L(
25( Kjrjfjh cmj p`smsmjs vbh cmj sjhtr àjc vbh cmj sbboijstjlcj v` rwjrp vbhb lyh [„^ jh lyh U„R(
22( Kjrjfjh cmj p`smsmjs vbh cmj sjhtr àjc vbh cmj sbboijstjlcj v` rwjrp vbhb lyh N„C jh lyh B„K(
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;;3
4 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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;;4
9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Cmj f`hstrufsmjkjcryd
Aumsj, bkrmjfj, fbht`rj, sf`lj, pbbmj jh kröj ms hjt s`oomij vbh cmj pr`cuftj vbhcmj f`hstrufsmjkjcry( Cmj kjcry sj bftmwmtjmtj slumt cmj k`u vbh huwj strufturjmh, bs``f cmj v``rkjrjmcmhi vbh k`upjrsjlj, s`wjl bs bbhk`umhis jh vjrbhcjrmhijbbh kjstbbhcj strufturj( Bhcjr bftmwmtjmtj vbh cmj kjcry slumt mhstbhca`ucmhi,ajrstjlwjrf jh vjrkjtjrmhij bbh amjrcmj strufturj mh(
F`hstrufsmjwjrf w`rc ijw``hlmf ijc`jh ` ijf`ôrcmhjjr cjur blijojhjf`htrbftjurs wbt spjsmblmsjjr mh jjh tmpj f`hstrufsmj s``s rjsmcjhsmælj ` f`oojrsmælj ijk`uj( Aullj hjjo v`llj vjrbhtw` rcjlmfajmc vmr cmj ajlj pr`gjf,kjablwj vmr ijspjsmsjjrcj cjlj wbt hmj mh cmj blijojhj f`htrbf ms hmj( Bla`jwjlblijojhj f`htrbftjurs ”h cjjl vbh cmj wjrf ojt aullj jmj spbhhj c`jh, ijkrumf aullj cmfwjls sukf`htrbftjurs vmr swbbr f`hstrufsmj ` spjsmblmtjmts/ cmssmplmhjs s``sjljftrmsmtjmt(
Ijspjsmblmsjjrcj sukf`htrbftjurs c`jh ijw``hlmf hjt cmj wjrf vbh jjh bokbi,s``s vjrwjrf, sfryhwjrf ` jljftrmjsj wjrf, ` twjj ` ojjr vjrwbhtj bokbitjs``s l``cimjtjry jh vjramttmhi( Kjablwj `o aullj wjrf tj lbbt mhpbs ky cmí vbh cmjbhcjr bokbitj, ajt cmj ijspjsmblmsjjrcj f`htrbftjurs ijjh vjrbhtw``rcjlmfajmc vmrcmj struftuur mh sy ijajjl hmj( Aullj fry `pcrbitj vbh cmj blijojhj f`htrbftjurs,brimtjftj ` jmjhbbrs vbh jmjhc`ooj( Ajrstjlwjrf w`rc ojjstbl ijc`jh ojt cmrjftj`pcrbitj vbh jmjhbbrs, mhw`hjrs, brimtjftj auurbijhtj( Mh amjrcmj a``fstuf ibbh`hs mh ojjr cjtbml fyf hb s`oomij vbh cmj smvmjlj bokbitj mh cmj f`hstrufsmjkjcry(
Ajmpblj
Duhfsmj
”h Ajmpbbl ms ”h `hcjrcjjl vbh cmj `hcbsmj wbt ajlp `o cmj ijk`u sj ijwmi hb ojjrstbkmjljjro ir`hc ``r tj crb( Ajmpblj w`rc ijkrumf wbhhjjr cmj t`jstbhc vbh cmjir`hc hmj ijsfmf ms vmr ijw`hj `hcbsmjs hmj jh ajmpbbl`hcbsmjs w`rc cbh ijkrumf `o cmj lbs hb ojjr stbkmjlj ir`hc ``r tj crb, ajtsy `hcjr cmj ir`hc ` `hcjr wbtjr(Cmj ir`hctmpjs vbh ”h brjb jh cmj ijwmi vbh cmj struftuur kjpbbl cmj ijtbl jhbojtmhis vbh ijk``rcj ibtj jh ajmpblj(
Ybhhjjr stbkmjlj ir`hc cmjp `hcjr cmj hbtuurlmfj ir`hcvlbf ijvmhc w`rc, fbhajmibtj ijk``r jh ijvul w`rc ojt ijwbpjhcj kjt`h ` fbh v``rbvjrvbbrcmicjajmpblj !s`os sjls tjjrpblj- mh cmj ir`hc ijplbht w`rc( ”h Tl`t`hcbsmj w`rc cbhh`robblwji k`/`p cmj ajmpbbl`hcbsmj ijimjt `o s`c`jhcj cmj h`cmij stbkmlmtjmt tj
vjrljjh(
Dmiuur 9(27 Ajmpblj ojt vl`t`hcbsmj k`/`p
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;>9
F`hstrufsmj 9
Kjlbhirmfj kyv`jisjls kjhjwjhs cmj fbtji`rmjæ amjrk` slumt ky`jisjls mh wbt kmhcmhi vjrstjrf, mhfrmopmhi kjpjrf, jh v`iwjjrstbhc jh fljur vjrkjtjr( Amjrcmj kyv`jisjlsw`rc amjr`hcjr mh ojjr cjtbml kjsfry7
Tjrtrbijhcj kyv`jisjls• Aullj vjrtrbbi cmj amcrbsmj vbh sjojht cjur cmj st`ltyc tj vjrljhi(• Aullj ms v``rcjlmi mh wbro wjjr `o cmj vjrshjlljhcj jjf vbh amttj jh ir`tjr
kjt`hobssbs `p st`ltyj tjjh tj wjrf(• Cmj ojjstj vjrtrbjrs ajlp ``f `o wbtjr tj vjromhcjr(• Tjrtrbijhcj kyv`jisjls ljwjr kjt`h ojt a`ær crufwjjrstbhc wjjhs cmj lbjr
pjrsjhtbsmj wbtjr(• Aullj vjrtrbbi ``f cmj bbhvbhflmfj st`ltyc ojt tussjh jjh jh crmj uur wbhhjjr
aullj tussjh 21 jh s`wbt 35 ˗N ijkrumf w`rc(
Tjrshjlljhcj kyv`jisjls• Aullj vjrf`rt cmj st`ltyc vbh kjt`h, wbt f`ujwjjrimjtmhi jh cmj vmhhmij
vjrwycjrmhi vbh kjfmstmhi, `ppjrvlbfbwjrfmhi jh s`os vr`jæ kjlbcmhi t`jlbbt(• Cmj s``rt jh pr`p`rsmjs vbh vjrshjlljrs o`jt ojt s`ri ijfmjs w`rc „ s`oomij
blijojhj vjrshjlljrs fbh cmj umtcr``i/frmopmhi vbh kjt`h vjra``i(
• Fblsmuonal`rmjc w rc cmfwjls ijkrumf `o st`ltyc tj vjrf rt jh crbvjro`æ tj vjra``i(
• @`robtmij a`jvjjlajcj fblsmuonal`rmjc fbh ``rvmhhmij st`llmhi, a`ær umtcr``i/frmopmhi jh f`rr`smj vbh kjwbpjhmhi kjv`rcjr(
• Fblsmuonal`rmjc o`jt hmj vmr vrmjswjrmhi ijkrumf w`rc hmj, `ocbt cmj ir``ta`jvjjlajmc wbt kjh`cmi w`rc `o cmj vrmjspuht tj vjrlbbi, cmj kjt`h fbh vjrswbf(
^upjrplbstmsjjrcjr• Aullj kjvbt frbitmij wbtjrvjromhcjrjhcj kyv`jisjls wbt ”h kjpbblcj
f`hsmstjhsmj jh wjrfkbbrajmc ojt kbmj omhcjr wbtjr mh kjt`h t`jlbbt( Amjrcmjfrbitmij kyv`jisjls wbt “vl`jmkbbrajmc‟ vjrkjtjr s`hcjr `o cmj st`ltyc tj
vjrf`rt ` luimhslumtmhi tj vjra``i, fbh ultrbstjrf kjt`h ljwjr(• Jlfj s``rt supjrplbstmsjjrcjr jh sy c`sjrmhi o`jt bbhijpbs w`rc ky ”h kjpbblcj
kjt`hojhisjl sj kjstbhccjlj `o vmr cmj ``rjjhstjoojhcj umtwjrfmhi t`j tj lbbt(• ^``s ojt cmj ojjstj s``rtj kyv`jisjls, fbh supjrplbstmsjjrcjrs bhcjr jmjhsfbppj
vbh kjt`h ``f bjftjjr(
Ybtjrvjromhcjrjhcj kyv`jisjls• Amjrcmj kyv`jisjls obbf cmt o``htlmf `o omhcjr wbtjr tj ijkrumf vmr cmjsjlcj
mhsbffmhi !Jhi7 “sluop‟-, ir`tjr mhsbffmhi ojt cmjsjlcj a`jvjjlajmc wbtjr(• Aullj obi bbhvbhflmfj stjrftj bjftjjr(• Aullj ms vjrbl huttmi vmr wbrowjjrkjt`h jh ms obflmfjr `o tj p`op(• Amjrcmj plbstmsjjrcjrs ms amir`sf`pmjs, wbt ojjr lui mh cmj kjt`h fbh mhslumt cjur
cmj wbtjr sj `ppjrvlbfspbhhmhi tj vjrlbbi, ojt bl cmj ojjibbhcj v``rcjlj(Luimhslumtkyv`jisjls• Aullj vbhi tbllj luik`rrjltgmjs mh kjt`h vbs `o cjjl vbh cmj obtrmfs tj w`rc jh
cmj biirjibbt sbbo tj kmhc mh cmj vjrabrcj kjt`h(• Amjrcmj k`rrjltgmjs ms rbl cjur cmj vjrabrcj sjojhtpbstb vjrsprjm obbr v ro t`i
hmj cjjl cbbrvbh hmj(• ^y a` v``rcjjl ms ir`tjr cuursbboajmc mh vrmjs/`htc``msmflussj, vjrbl mh f`ujr
strjfj(• ”h Obtj vbh stjrftjvjrlmjs fbh cmj ijv`li wjjs vbh tj vjjl lui mh kjt`h( Cmt fbh
``rf`o w`rc cjur cmj sjojht/wbtjrvjra`ucmhi tj vjrlbbi cjur omccjl vbhijpbstj kyv`jisjls(
Kmhckyv`jisjls• Amjrcmj kyv`jisjls, wbt cmj obtjrmblj jh sbojstjllmhis s``s p lmvmhmjlnal`rmjc
!UTN- jh bsjtbtj, bfrmjl jh kutbcmjh/stmrjjhp`lmojrj jh f`p`lmojrj mhslumt, fbhijkrumf w`rc `o huwjvbrs kjt`h bbh `uijst`lcj kjt`h tj kmhc(
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;3;
9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Dmiuur 9(297 ^fjobtmjsj v``rstjllmhi vbh cruft`jts
[mk/jh/kl`f/Kl`f/jh/kblf f`hstrufsmj”h [mkvl`jr ` kblf kjstbbh umt v``rbiji tj kjt`hkblfj wbt lbhis ojfbbr ijplbbs
w`rc ojt spbsmjs tussjhmh wbt cjur sjojhtkl`ffj ijvul w`rc( Amjrcmj s``rt klbbmj` vl`jrj ms kbmj stjrf jh fbh swbbr lbstj ` ijwmi crb( [mk/jh/kl`ff`hstrufsmj slumtcmj v`lijhcj tmpjs mh7• T``rbiji`tj jjhajcj• A`lkl`fjjhajcj !rmkkl`f-• Ybjl/ ` ajuhmhif`jfjjhajcj• Fbhbblsjfsmjs• ^bboijstjlcj jjhajcj• Kjwbpjhcj jjhajcj• T``rijspbhhj jjhajcj
Dmiuur 9(217 Zmtjjhsjttmhi vbh ”h rmk/jh/kl`fvl`jrklbc
Dmiuur 9(2=7 T``rbiji`tj a`l
sjojhtkl`ffj
Mh smtu/kjt`hlbbi
Mh smtu/kjt`hlbbi
^tbblobt
T``rijspbhhj kjt`hrmkkj
T``rbiji`tj kjt`ha`lkl`ffj^tuttj
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;:2
F`hstrufsmj 9
”h Fbhtjlkblf w`rc sljis bbh cmj jjh fbht `hcjrstjuh ` ojt stjjhwjrf ` ojtkjt`hf`l`ooj(
Dmiuur 9(;=7 Fbhtjlkblf
Ijwbpjhcjkjt`hkblfj@o tj vjra`jc cbt kblfj mhtumojl w`rc stbblwbpjhmhi `p spjsmjfj pljffj mh ”h
kblf bbhijkrmhi( Cjur stbblwbpjhmhi ky kjt`h tj v`ji w`rc cmj kjt`h mh stbbt ijstjl`o swbbrcjr lbstj tj crb( Cmj umtjjhsjttmhi vbh cmj wbpjhmhi abhi b vbh cmj bbrcjh plbsmhi vbh cmj lbs(
T``rcjlj vbh wbpjhmhi7• Cmj ir``ttj vbh cmj kblf ` f`l`o fbh vjromhcjr w rc(• Cmj kblf fbh swbbrcjr lbstj crb(
Hbcjlj vbh wbpjhmhi7• Cmt ms tycr`wjhc• Cmt ms cuurcjr
Cmj kjwbpjhmhi vbh ”h kjt`hkblf kjstbbh a``sbbflmf umt cmj v`lijhcj(• A``stbb „ `o trjffrbitj tjjh tj wjrf(• Crufstbwj !bhfjrstbwj- „ o cruffrbitj tjjh tj wjrf( ”h F`rt kblf vbh t t sjs
ojtjr ajt hmj ”h crufstbb h`cmi hmj, obbr cmt crb t`i t`t cmj stjrftj vbh cmj kblf ky(
• ^fumstbwj !frufstbwj- „ `o sfumrbitj tjjh tj wjrf(• Kjujls „ kmhc a``stbwj sbbo jh ajlp ``f `o sfumrbitj tjjh tj wjrf(
Dmiuur 9(>57 Smpmjsj wbpjhkjt`hkblf
Kjt`hkblfj fbh vjrsfml wbt kjwbpjhmhi jh mhijwmffjlcajmc kjtrj vbh jjhv`ucmijkblfj s``s amjrk` wbt ``r cjurj jh vjhstjrs ijkrumf w`rc, t`t mhijwmffjlcjr kblfjwbt cmj lbs hb f`l`ooj `rcrb `r lbhi spbhkrjjctjs s``s amjr`hcjr(
^fjjrstbb7 Tjra`jc cbt kjt`h bsfjur
Kjujls7 kmhc a``stbwj
sbbo `o sfumfrbitjtjjh tj wjrf
Crufstbwj !bhfjrstbb-7
w`rc mh crufspbhhmhi brjb
ijplbbs vmr jfstrb stjrftj
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
^ywbbrtsj !lbtjrblj- frbitj „ w`rc cjur ”h bwbbrtsj lbs vjr``rsbbf wbt cmj f`l`o vjttjr jh f`rtjr pr`kjjr obbf( Lbtjrblj kjwjimhi vjr``rsbbf cus ”h sywbbrtsj frbi(Amjrcmj frbi pr`kjjr `o cmj kjt`h tj kumi, sfum ` fhbf, ` `o cmj kjt`h tussjh cmjkjwbpjhmhi jh bbh cmj kumtjfbht cbbrvbh tj lbbt frbbf(
Dmiuur 9(>17 ^ywbbrtsj frbitj mh ”h f`l`o
Kjt`himjtmhi Cmj v`lijhcj vrbj o`jt ijvrb w`rc v``rcbt kjt`h mh cmj kjfmstmhi vbh ”h kblf `
f`l`o ijimjt w`rc `o cmj vjmlmiajmc jh stjwmiajmc vbh cmj f`hstrufsmj tj vjrsjfjr7• Ms cmj f`rrjftj stbwj ijkrumf0• Ms cmj f`rrjftj stbbcmftj ijkrumf s``s ijspjsmsjjr0• Ms cmj stbwj ijplbbs s``s v``rijsfry0• Ms cmj f`rrjftj spbsmjjrcjrs ijkrumf `o omhmouo kjt`hkjcjffmhi tj vjrsjfjr0• Cjf twjj kjujls cmj bsfjurlyh !krjjflyh- vbh cmj kjt`hkblf0• Cjf cmj sfumstbb cmj bsfjurlyh !krjjflyh- vbh sfumrbitj tjjh ”h a`jf
vbh 3:·0
^ywbbrtsj spbhhmhi
F`l`o ojt 3 a``stbwj
Cmj kjujls o`jt `o cmj a``stbwj vbsijcrbbm w`rc(F`l`o ojt 4 a``stbwj
Cmj kjujls w`rc mh pbrj vbsijcrbbm( Cmj kjujls w`rc `ocmj omccjlstbwj vbsijcrbbm(
F`l`o ojt 1 a``stbwj
Swjj s``rtj kjujls w`rc amjr ijkrumf7Kjujls w`rc `o cmj a`jfstbwj vbsijcrbbm(Kjujls w`rc `o cmj omccjlstbwj vbsijcrbbm(
L/bts`jh f`l`o ojt 1 a``stbwj
Jhfjlkjujl wbt bl cmj stbwj bbh ojfbbr vjrkmhc(
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F`hstrufsmj 9
[jia`jfmij f`l`ooj[jia`jfmij f`l`ooj sj kjfmstmhi kjstbbh umt vmjr syj s``s bbhijt``h mh Dmiuur9(35( Cmj vmjr syj ms sbboijstjl umt vjrtmfblj plbhfj ` k`rcj !;: oo Ù >1 oo cmf-wbt bbh flbopj !:5 oo Ù 94 oo- vbsijspyfjr ms( Cmj cwbrsflbopj w`rc vbh>55 oo t`t 455 oo vbh sjhtjrs ijspbsmjjr( Cmj vmjr syj w`rc ojt guffj !:5 ooÙ 94 oo- stjwmi bbhojfbbr ija`u ` fbh cjur 94 oo Ù 255 oo/guffj ojt ibtjhbky cmj jhtj wbbrcjur 24 oo tbpk`utj ijstjjf jh vbsijsfr`j w`rc, bbhojfbbr
ija`u w`rc( Ybhhjjr k`utj vbsijsfr`j w`rc, cruf cmj syfbhtj sty tjjh ojfbbr(Yèj w`rc tussjh k`utj jh flbopj mhijcry `o syfbhtj stjwmi mh p`smsmj tj a`u( Cmjkjfmstmhi w`rc vjrwycjr cjur cmj wèj tjrui tj fbp `o tj vjrslbp( Cmt w`rc ijc`jhtussjh jjh t`t vmjr cbj hbcbt imjtwjrf plbbsijvmhc ajt(
Dmiuur 9(357 Kjfmstmhi vmr vmjrfbhtmijrjia`jfmij f`l`ooj
Dmiuur 9(327 Kjfmstmhi vmr Dmiuur 9(3;7 Kjfmstmhi vmr rjia`jfmij f`l`ooj
vmjrfbhtmij f`l`ooj
24 oo/cmbojtjr k`ut
Guf 94 oo Ù : oo
S`hi/jh/ir`jv`jiplbhfj 2 oo Ù ;; oo
Flbop 94 oo Ù : oo
YJ
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Dmiuur 9(3>7 Kjfmstmhi vmr bitfbhtmij f`l`ooj
Dmiuur 9(33 t``h kjfmstmhi vmr ”h r`hcj f`l`o( Cmj lbtwjrf w`rc ijobbf mh str`fjwbbrvbh cmj krjjctj cjur cmj `otrjf vbh cmj f`l`o kjpbbl w`rc( Cmj kjfmstmhis`wjl bs frbbi w`rc mh twjj ajljs ijobbf( Jjh ajlj w`rc umtijsbbi umt twjjstuffj !:5 oo cmf- wbt `p v`jæ bbh kjmcj fbhtj ojt !;: oo cmf- flbopj vjrstjrf w`rc( Cmj jhtj wbbr cmj cmj twjj frbj mhojfbbr pbs, w`rc ijv`ro, cjurijk``r jhojt 24 oo/tbpk`utj tjjhojfbbr vbsijsfr`j( ”h Ilbccjr bwjrfmhi vbh kjt`h fbh
vjrfry w`rc cjur cmj kmhhjfbht vbh cmj kjfmstmhi ojt abrcjk`rc umt tj v`jr(
Dmiuur 9(337 Kjfmstmhi vmr r`hcj kjt`hf`l`o
Dmiuur 9(3: t``h kjfmstmhi vmr ”h r`hcj f`l`o wbt ``f mh twjj ajljs `htwjrp w`rcobbr bhcjrs vbsijk`ut w`rc(
24 oo/cmbojtjr k`ut
Guf 94 oo Ù : oo
Flbop : oo Ù ;; oo
Flbop 94 oo Ù : oo
YJ
Tjrtmfblj flbopj 9: oo Ù 9: oo
Kjplbhfmhi : oo Ù ;: oo
Frbbi >1 oo
K`ut 24 oo
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F`hstrufsmj 9
Dmiuur 9(3:7 Kjfmstmhi vmr ”h r`hcj kjt`hf`l`o
Dmiuur 9(347 D`ro vmr Dmiuur 9(397 [`hcj kjt`hf`l`ooj p ”h f`hstrufsmjpjrsjjl
r`hcj kjfmstmhi
Srbppj
”h Srbp w`rc ijkrumf `o vbh jjh jjh vl`jr hb ”h v`lijhcj tj kjwjji ` `o `p jh b tj kjwjji ky vlbfwmssjlmhis mh strufturj( ”h Smpmjsj trbp kjstbbh umt ”h bbhtbl trbppjl``pstuffj wbt bs ”h jjhajmc ojt bhcjr k`uwjrf ijimjt ` bbh ”h rbbo kjvjstmiw`rc(
Cmj vjmlmiajmc vbh trbppj ms kbmj kjlbhirmf jh o`jt bbh bl cmj plbbslmfj `wjrajmc jh` ^BH^ sj v``rsfrmj v`lc`jh wbhhjjr cmt ijobbf ` ijimjt w`rc(Cmj ijkrumflmfj obtjrmblj vmr trbpf`hstrufsmjs ms7• A`ut• ^tbbl• Kjt`h
Cmj kjfmstmhi vmr ”h kjt`htrbp s``s mh Dmiuur 3(31 ijt``h, w`rc s``s v`li ijobbf7• Kjrjfjhmhij vmr cmj bojtmhis vbh cmj `ptrjj jh bbhtrjj o`jt bffurbbt ijc`jh
w`rc(• Cmj k`rcjs w`rc jjrstj ijobbf(• Cmj crbkblfj w`rc cbbrhb mh p`smsmj ijplbbs, ijv`li cjur cmj kblfj(• Cmj s`jtplbhfj ojt fjjptrbpk``o, ouurtrbpk``o jh `ptrjjplbhf w rc h`u
v`lt``m(
;: oo cmf flbopj
Lbtwjrf !kjplbhmhi- ;: oo Ù : oo
Frbbi : oo
24 oo/cmbojtjr k`utj
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
• Cmj `ptrjjplbhfj w`rc cbbrhb ojt kjaulp vbh flbopj bbh ouurtrbpk``o vbsijspyfjr(
• Cmj crbkblfj w rc mh cmj omccjl cjur stuttj ijstut wbbrvbh cmj v`jtj tjjh cmj v`jtplbbt vbssf`p(
• Cmj v`jtplbbt o`jt bltyc tjjh ”h stjwmij f`hstrufsmj ` hbbstj ouur ijstut w rcs`cbt cmt hmj fbh wjiily hmj(
• Cmj f`p vbh stut w`rc bbh cmj crbkblf kjvjstmi cjur omccjl vbh ”h spblfplbbt(
Dmiuur 9(317 Kjfmstmhi vmr ”h trbp
Dmiuur 9(3=7 ^jfsmj vbh ”h kjt`htrbp
Cwbrskblf
Crbkblf
^`jtkjplbhfmhi
Srbpk``o
1 ;;
Flbop
@ptrjjplbhf
L``pstuf
@ptrjjTjrspbhhmhi
^tuttj
Klbc
T``rimjt/kjt`hklbc
T`lt``mcj vl`jrvlbf Abhcrjlmhi
2stj vl`jrk`rcjs
T`lt``mcj vl`jrvlbf
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F`hstrufsmj 9
Dmiuur 9(:57 Kjfmstmhi vbh v``r ijsmjh Dmiuur 9(:27 ^ybbhsmi vbh kjfmstmhi
[jiulbsmjs vmr trbppj• Cmj f`prumotj vbhb cmj stjjflyh ijojjt o`jt `p jhmij pljf omhstjhs 2,; o
wjjs(
• Cmj krjjctj vbh trbp o`jt omhstjhs 9:5 oo wjjs(• Jlfj bbhtrjj o`jt omhstjhs ;:5 oo cmjp wjjs(• ”h Srbp o`jt hmj ”h vjrtmfblj styimhi ir tjr bs > o tussjh `pjjhv`lijhcj
k`rcjssj aç hmj jh obi hmj ojjr bs 24 trbppj tussjh k`rcjssj aç hmj(• Cmj `ptrjj o`jt omhstjhs 9: oo obbr hmj ojjr bs ;55 oo a``i wjjs hmj(• Bllj trbppj o`jt vbh ”h trbpbro v``rsmjh wjjs(• Cmt o`jt ”h jjhv`romij ptrjja``itj s`wjl bs bbhtrjjkrjjctj aç(• Cmj trbpajllmhi obi hmj >1· vmr puklmjfj ijkrumf jh 3;· vmr prmvbtj ijkrumf
``rsfry hmj(• Srbppj o`jt syrjlmhis aç o tj fjjr cbt pjrs`hj sywbbrts vbh cmj trbp fbh bvbl(
Kblfkjfmstmhi 7
• Kblfkjfmstmhi kjstbbh umt ”h crmjfbhtmij fbs wbt cjur omccjl vbh cwbrskblfj mhp`smsmj ija`u w`rc(
• Cmt w`rc `f ”h f`pkblf ijh`jo wbt ojt stuttj tjjh cmj `hcjrfbht vbh s`jtijstut w`rc(
• Cmj s`jtplbhf o`jt bltyc cmffjr bs cmj syfbhtj wjjs ocbt cmt cmj v`llj lbs`hcjrstjuh t`tcbt cmj kjt`hkblf stjrf ijh`ji ms `o cmt sjl tj fbh crb(
• Cmj s`jtplbhfj w`rc bbh cmj kmhhjfbht vbh cmj syfbhtj vbsijspyfjr s`cbtcmj syfbhtj vr`jær vjrwycjr fbh w`rc `o cmj cr`imhispr`sjs tj kjsp`jcmi jhajrijkrumf fbh w`rc(
• Kblfkjfmstmhi ajlp vl`jrkjfmstmhi stut jh amjrcmj twjj cjlj fbh bs ”h jjhajmcijimjt w`rc(
Dmiuur 9(:; t``h crmj pbhjlj hbbolmf ”h s`jt jh twjj syj(• Cmj plbhfj !>1 oo cmf- w`rc vbsijspyfjr bbh flbopj !:5 oo Ù 94 oo- wbt
ojt 255 oo sjhtjrs ijspbsmjjr ms, jh fbh vjrsfml bbhijhcj vbh cmj cmftj vbhcmj obtjrmbbl wbt ijkrumf ibbh w`rc(
• Cmj stuttj w rc ijw``htlmf 2 555 oo vbh ojfbbr ijplbbs, obbr cmt fbh `f vbrmjjr v`lijhs cmj cmftj vbh cmj s`jtj jh syj wbt ijkrumf w`rc(
Ajt gy ijwjjt0
”h Srbp wbtbbh jhmij fbht ``p mso`jt vbh cmj v`lijhcj v``rsmjh wjjs7• ”h rjlmhi• sfjro• ouur, `
• kblustrbcj
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Dmiuur 9(:;7 Kjfmstmhi vmr ”h kjt`hkblf jh kjt`hvl`jr
Dmiuur 9(:; t``h cmj kjfmstmhi wbt cjur ”h stut ojt cukkjlj f`pcrbjr jh twjj crbjrsijstjuh w`rc( Cmj stuttj fbh mh amjrcmj ijvbl sjls twjj ojtjr vbh ojfbbr ijplbbsw`rc( Kblfs`jtj o`jt `pijstjl w`rc cbt cmt jlfj sjsojtjr/spbh s`wbt 25 oo a`ærmh cmj omccjl ms `o vmr cjursbffmhi t`j tj lbbt tycjhs cmj imjtpr`sjs( Cmj s`jt sj`hcjrfbht sbl cus ”h jjhsj p`smtmjwj k``ipr`jl aç hbcbt cmj wjrf v`lt``m ms( Cmjkjfmstmhi vmr kblfj w`rc `htwjrp s`cbt cmj syj vjrwycjr fbh w`rc s`hcjr `o cmjs`jt ` cmj tycjlmfj crbuhfsmj vbh cmj stuttj tj vjrstjur(
2: oo kjt`h
>1 oo Ù ;;: oo/plbhfj
>1 oo Ù 223 oo/kblfj
: oo Ù 94 oo/flbopj
;; oo Ù 94 oo/stuttj
: oo Ù 94 oo/ajistr``f
: oo Ù 94 oo/f`pcrbjr
;; oo Ù 94 oo/stuttj
>1 oo cmf s`jt jh syj
94 oo Ù 223 oo/stuttjtjjh 2 oo sjhtjrs
Ymipbbr94 oo Ù ;;1 oo/v`jtplbbt
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F`hstrufsmj 9
Dmiuur 9(:>7 Kjfmstmhi vmr ”h > Ù 3: oo kjt`hkblf ojt ”h 2 oo kjt`hvl`jr bbh
wjjrsfbhtj
Kjfmstmhis`lmjKjt`h ms ijhjmi `o bbh kjfmstmhi vbs tj fljj hbobtj cmj vjrabrcmhispr`sjsplbbsvmhcCbbr ms tbhs i`jmj omccjls kjsfmfkbbr wbt amjrcmj vbsfljj vbh kjt`h sbl vjra`jc(
Amjrcmj `lmj w`rc bbh cmj kmhhjfbht vbh cmj kjfmstmhi ijsojjr(
Obbf sjfjr cbt amjrcmj `lmj hmj mh bbhrbfmhi ojt cmj wbpjhmhi f`o hmj, bbhijsmjhcmt cmj kmhcmhi tussjh cmj wbpjhmhi jh cmj kjt`h sbl vjrswbf( Amjrcmj kjfmstmhi`lmjsms bs ”h lmj joulsmj kjsfmfkbbr(
Cjjftj mh ijwbpjhcj kjt`hCbbr ms vjrsfjmj cjjftj wbt tycjhs cmj imjt vbh kjt`h mh kjfmstmhi jh cbbrhb fbh
v``rf`o7• Klbbsa`ltjs !ibtj- „ fljmh ibbtgmjs wbt vjr``rsbbf w`rc cjur lui wbt
vbsijvbhi ms tussjh cmj kjt`h jh kjfmstmhi( Cmt fbh cmj stjrftj vbh cmj kblf ` f`l`o kjĦhvl`jc( Fbh vjra`jc w`rc cjur cmj kjt`h cjjilmf ojt cmj abhc `
vmkrjjrobsgmjh tj f`opbftjjr tycjhs imjtmhi(
: oo Ù 94 oo/
f`pcrbjrs tjjh: oo sjhtjrs
94 oo Ù 223 oo/crbjrs
94 oo Ù 223 oo/f`pcrbjr
Bllj kjfmstmhi vbh ;; oocmf t`hi/jh/ir`jplbhfj
94 oo Ù 223 oo/stuttjtjjh ; oo sjhtjrs
Ymipbbr
T`jtplbbt
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
• @hjiblmij fljur !vjrfljurmhi- „ wbhhjjr `u jh huwj a`ut sbbo vmr cmj obbf vbh kjfmstmhi ijkrumf w`rc( Cmj `hjwjrjcmij bks rkjrmhi vbh wbtjr cjur cmj `ujh huwj a`ut ljm t`t cmj vjrfljurmhi vbh cmj kjt`h(
• Sj vmhhmij brjjf vbh kjfmstmhi „ kjfmstmhi o`jt hmj tj vmhhmi vjrwycjr w`rchmj bbhijsmjh cmt ”h swbffjr kjt`h fbh vjr``rsbbf bs cmt tj vmhhmi umtcr``i( ”hKblf ` f`l`o fbh mhvbl mhcmjh kjfmstmhi tj i`u vjrwycjr w`rc, bbhijsmjh cmthmj stjrf ijh`ji ms hmj „ kjt`h kjrjmf jjrs sy v`llj stjrftj hb ;1 cbj( !^mjh ``f Tjrwycjrmhi vbh kjfmstmhi amjr`hcjr-(
Bftmwmtjmt :
2( Ybt ms kjfmstmhi0;( H`jo crmj strufturjlj vjrjmstjs wbbrbbh kjfmstmhi o`jt v`lc`jh(>( Ybttjr obtjrmblj w rc vmr kjfmstmhi ijkrumf03( H`jo cmj cjjftj wbt mh kjfmstmhi fbh v``rf`o(:( Mllustrjjr cjur omccjl vbh sfjtsj vmjrfbhtmij, rjia`jfmij jh r`hcj kjfmstmhi(4( Kjsfry f`rtlmfs cmj rjiulbsmjs vmr trbppj wbt mh bbhojrfmhi ijhjjo o`jt
w`rc(
Tjrwycjrmhi vbh kjfmstmhi7Cmj vjrwycjrmhi vbh kjfmstmhi o`jt ojt ir``t s`ri jh vjrbhtw``rcjlmfajmcijc`jh w`rc( Cmj kjslumt ``r cmj vjrwycjrmhi vbh kjfmstmhi kjrus ky cmj brimtjf jhmhijhmjur jh w`rc mh sbojwjrfmhi ojt cmj k`ujr ijc`jh( Cmj v`lijhcj o`jt mh biijhjjo w`rc7• cmj s``rt kjfmstmhi !pmlbbr, kblf kjt`hklbc, a`rms`htbbl vjrtmfbbl-• cmj ijomccjlcj tjopjrbtuur ijcurjhcj cmj imjt vbh kjt`h jh cbbrhb• cmj kjt`h sj kmhcmhisjmjhsfbppj, jh
• cmj bbrc jh uhfsmj vbh cmj vjrsfmlljhcj cjlj(Cmj v`lijhcj tycsfjculj fbh bs vjmlmi bbhvbbr w`rc7• Kjt`hvl`jrj „ s`jtplbhfj fbh hb sjwj cbj vjrwycjr w`rc vmr spbhkrjjctjs t`t
> o6 vmr lbhijr spbhkrjjctjs o`jt klbckjfmstmhi twjj wjfj kly(• Kjt`hkblfj „ syfbhtj fbh hb crmj cbj vjrwycjr w rc tjrwyl s`jt jh stuttj vmr
twjj t`t crmj wjfj o`jt kly(• Kjt`hf`l`o „ syfbhtj fbh hb crmj cbj vjrwycjr w`rc !sjls vr`jær- mhcmjh
f`l`o hmj bbh a`rms`htblj ` vjrtmfblj cruf `hcjrajwmi ms hmj(
^tuttj !stjuhpblj-
^tuttj kmjc cmj ojjs jf`h`omjsj jh vjmlmij stjuh bbh kjfmstmhi, vl`jrklbbmj, kblfj,ourj jh pmlbrj jh fbh ``f huttmi bbhijwjhc w`rc wbhhjjr ajrstjlwjrf bbh ijk`ujijc`jh w`rc(
Tjrtmfbbl/vjrstjlkbrj stbblstuttj vjroy cmj cuur jh tycr`wjhcj sbbi jh prmitmhi vbh stutpblj ojt wèj jh ms mh ”h wyj vjrsfjmcjhajmc ojt vjrsfmlljhcj f`ppjkjsfmfkbbr(
^tuttj
”h ^tut `hcjrstjuh cmj kjfmstmhi vmr kblfj jh vl`jrj( ^tuttj w`rc hbky ijh`ji bbh
ojfbbr ijplbbs `o vjrv`romhi jh sbffmhi tj v``rf`o( Cmj obtjrmbbl wbt vmr stuttjijkrumf w`rc, o`jt cmj lbstj wbt cbbr`p ijplbbs w`rc fbh crb s`hcjr `o tj krjjf(
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F`hstrufsmj 9
Dmiuur 9(:37 ^tuttj
Dmiuur 9(::7 ^tuttj vmr vl`jrj
^``rtj stuttj
Turff`pstut• Turff`pstuttj w`rc ijkrumf `o crbkblfj stjwmi mh p`smsmj tj a`u(• Tjra`jc ``f cbt syfbhtj vbh kjsfmstmhi `rajl(
Dmiuur 9(:47 Turff`pstut
Ulbtf`pstuttj• Ulbtf`pstuttj w`rc bs tycjlmfj stuttj ijkrumf sbbo
ojt crbkblfj `hcjr kjt`hklbbmj(• Aullj w`rc `f sbbo ojt bhcjr stuttj ijkrumf(
Dmiuur 9(:97 Tjrstjlojibhmsoj vbh ”h plbtf`pstut
Kjt`h
^`jtk`rc
Crbjr
Flbop
Ubbl
^tut
YèjT`jtplbbt
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Tjrstjlkbrj st``t/jh/trjf stbblstuttj• Y`rc ijkrumf `o kjfmstmhi wbtjrpbs tj a`u(• Cmj `hcjrstj plbbtv`jtstuf w`rc `p cmj ir`hc ijbhfjr(• Cmj k``hstj puht w`rc bbh cmj kjfmstmhi vbsijobbf(
Oultmpr`p• Cmj Oultmpr`p w`rc vbh bluomhmuobll``m vjrvbbrcmi jh fbh mhcmvmcujjl jh sbbo
ojt stjmjrrbbowjrfj ijkrumf w`rc `o vjrsfmlljhcj tmpjs kjfmstmhi tj stut(• Cmj Oultmpr`p ms lmi jh fbh cjur jjh pjrs``h pijrmi w rc(• Omhcjr Oultmpr`p/stuttj w rc kjh`cmi vmr kjfmstmhi, wbt cmj `hf`stj vbh
klbckjfmstmhi vjromhcjr(• Oultmpr`p/stuttj ajt ”h mhijk`ucj obbtkbhc wbt vjrstjllmhi v` rb vjrijobflmf
jh ”h vryl``po`jr wbt obflmfj vjrstjllmhi vjrsjfjr(
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• Cmj Oultmpr`p kjsfmf ``r ”h sjlsf``hobbfcrbbc „ cmj o`jr l``p bltyc vry bl mscmt vuml jh v`l kjt`h(
Dmiuur 9(:=7 ^jlsf``hobbfcrbbc
• Jlfj Oultmpr p fbh cjurl`pjhc vjrstjl w`rc s`hcjr `o ”h pjh mh p`smsmj tj plbbssjls bl ms cbbr ”h ijwmi k`/`p
• Cmt ajt ”h vjmlmiajmcst`p wbt vjra`jc cbt cmj kmhhjpyp umtsfum ijcurjhcj cmjabhtjrmhi ` mhcmjh cmt pjr `hijluf l`sijsfr`j w`rc(
• ”h Zhmvjrsjlj crmjp``t w rc bs ”h prmitmhisaulp ijkrumf(• Tjrsfmlljhcj tmpjs f`ppj ms kjsfmfkbbr(
Oultmpr`p/kykja`rj
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Cwbrsf`p• Kjsfmf ``f ``r ”h sjlslumtt`jstjl(
• A`u vjrbl kblfj stjwmi mh p`smsmj(• Tjra`jc cbt cmj syfbhtj vbh kblfkjfmstmhi ``rajl(
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F`hstrufsmj 9
^tutf`ppjCmj f`p ms ``f ojt ”h sjlslumtojibhmsoj t`jijrus(Cmt ms ijsfmf `o pbhjlj, crbkblfj jh tmoojra`ut tj stut(
Dmiuur 9(457 Oultmpr`p sjlslumt/ jh crbf`ppj
Tblf`p
• Cmj vblf`p w`rc ojt jjh abojrslbi l`sijobbf jh lbbt kjfmstmhi 45 oo sbf(• Cmj vblf`p stjl f`hstrufsmjwjrfjrs mh stbbt o kjfmstmhi hb ”h cbi ` twjj b tjkrjjf !tj str``p-
• Cmj f`htrbftjur fbh omhcjr kjfmstmhiv``rrbbc p cmj pjrsjjl bbha`u(• Crbkblfj jh pbhjlj w`rc i`u vmr cmj v`lijhcj imjtmhi kjsfmfkbbr(• F`rtjr tycpjrfj vmr kjfmstmhi vjrijobflmf cmj vjrwycjrmhi vbh kjt`h vbh
pbhjlj(• Cmj vblf`p ms bbhpbskbbr jh fbh mh `hiurj wjjr ` swbf lmi bbhijkrmhi w rc(• Ubhjlj jh lçjrs fbh i`u jh obflmf vjrwycjr w`rc tjrwyl vblf`pstuttj ojt aul
cjfstr`fj cmj r``stjrvmjrfbht kly stut(
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A``/ jh sjf`hcçrj crbkblfj• Crbkblfj w`rc sbbo ojt vblf`pstuttj ijkrumf(• Aullj pbs mh stutf`ppj o cjf/ jh klbckjfmstmhi tj stjuh(• Kjfmstmhisf`hstrufsmj ms ijvbbrlmf bbhijsmjh crbkblfj wjjhs kjsfbcmimhi
`ucjrc`o(• Cmj o`cjrhj crbkblfj w`rc umtijfjh vmr vjmlmiajmcsljjyc,
vjrvbbrcmimhiscbtuo, ijlyfv`romiajmc jh ljhitj(
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Tjrjmstjs vmr cmj `prmitmhi jh vjrwycjrmhi vbh kjfmstmhi Cmj spbsmærmhi vbh stuttj jh h`cmij a`jvjjlajmc w`rc ijw``hlmf cjur cmjstrufturjlj mhijhmjur ijspjsmsjjr v`lijhs cmj s``rt kjfmstmhi wbt `pijrmi ibbhw`rc( Cmj wbipjrm`cj tussjh kjt`himjtmhi jh cmj vjrwycjrmhi vbh kjfmstmhi o`jtcjur ”h kjv`jicj pjrs``h „ cmj brimtjf ` mhijhmjur „ kjpbbl w`rc7
Bftmwmtjmt 4
2( H`jo vmjr vjrsfmlljhcj s``rtj o`cjrhj stuttj jh ijj cmj ijkrumfj vbh jlf(;( Cmj oultmstut w`rc ojt vjrsfmlljhcj s``rtj f`ppj t`jijrus( H`jo jh
kjsprjjf cmj vjrsfmlljhcj s``rtj f`ppj(>( Cmj bdrjjf vbh kjfmstmhi `hcjr kjt`hvl`jrj abhi vbh sjfjrj t`jstbhcj b(
H`jo aullj(3( H`jo cmj ijkrumf vbh crbkblfj bs``f cmj vjmlmiajmcsbbhywsmhis wbt `p aullj
bbhijkrmhi o`jt w`rc(
^tjmjrwjrf
^tjmjrs ms tycjlmfj stjllbsmjs wbt `pijrmi w`rc `o bbh cjlj vbh ”h ijk`u tj wjrf wbthmj vbh cmj ir`hc b kjrjmf fbh w`rc hmj( Amjrcmj stjllbsmjs `hcjrstjuh obtjrmbbl,ijrjjcsfbp jh ojhsj tycjhs f`hstrufsmjwjrf, mhstbhca`ucmhi jh wbhhjjr sl`pmhiijc`jh w`rc( Cmt w`rc vbh stbbl/ ` bll``mpypj ijobbf wbt mhojfbbr pbs ` bbhojfbbr vbsijfljo w`rc(
Tjrjmstjs vmr stjmjrwjrf Cmt o`jt7• vjmlmi wjjs vmr wjrfjrs k`/`p, hcjr jh r`hc`o cmj stjmjrs
• ijh`ji rumotj aç vmr obtjrmbbl, ijrjjcsfbp jh ``f wjrfjrs• stjrf ijh`ji wjjs `o wjrfjrs, obtjrmbbl jh ijrjjcsfbp vjmlmi tj fbh crb• vjmlmij kjwjjirumotj bbh wjrfjrs kmjc(
Cmj stjrftj jh t`jstbhc vbh cmj pypj ms ir``tlmfs vjrbhtw``rcjlmf vmr cmj crbvjro`æjh stbkmlmtjmt vbh ”h stjmjr( ^tjmjrs o`jt ijrjjlc `hcjrs`jf w`rc vmr o``htlmfjcjjftj( ^tjmjrcjlj s``s pypj o`jt bltyc7• rjiumt wjjs ``r cmj ajlj ljhitj(• stbbhcjrs vjrbl o`jt sf``h, abbfs puhtj aç, wbt hmj sbl frbbf ``pkbrs tycjhs
ijkrumf hmj(• vry vbh r`js, swbfpljffj, sfjurj, cumfj jh bhcjr s``rtijlyfj cjjftj wjjs(
• ijvjr ojt ”h bhcjr kjsfjrojhcj lbbi kjcjf wjjs(
^``rtj stjmjrs K`fstjmjrs !stjmjrk`ffj-Lmitj jh obflmf vjrsfumdbrj k`ffj wbbr`p stjmjrplbhfjijplbbs w`rc( Cmj kjhj vbh cmj k`ffj fbh mhv`u jh cmj stumtjmhsfum vmr obflmfj abhtjrmhi( Ijkrumf crmj k`ffj `hcjr jlfjlbhi stjmjrplbhf( K`ffj fbh mh kjpjrftj rumotjs ijkrumf jhobflmf `pijrmi w`rc( K`ffmjs w`rc t`t twjj ojtjr mh a``itjkjpjrf jh kjh`cmi cus ijjh vjmlmiajmcsrjlmhis hmj(
Dmiuur 9(4;7 ”h K`fstjmjr
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F`hstrufsmj 9
S`rmhi!rbbo-stjmjrsAmjrcmj stjmjrs kjstbbh umt t`rmhirboj !o`culjs, sjfsmjs- wbt vmhhmi `pijslbbhjh bijkrjjf fbh w`rc( Tjrsfmlljhcj tmpjs jh bojtmhis ms kjsfmfkbbr, obbr jlfjo`culj ms twjj ojtjr a``i(
S rmhirboj w`rc vbh lmiijwmi/stbblpypj vjrvbbrcmi wbt sjlslumtjhc ms `o ”hstjwmij struftuur tj v`ro( ^jfsmjs fbh bbh ojfbbr vjrkmhc w`rc `o cmj h`cmij
a``itj jh krjjctj tj vjrfry jh kjstbbh umt7• sjlslumtrboj, frumsvjrpbhtstuffj jh stbblstjmjrplbhfj• pypvjrkmhcjrs wbt ijkrumf w`rc o sjfsmjs k`/`p ojfbbr tj vjrkmhc t t cmj
h`cmij a``itj(
Tjrsfumbrj plbt`roCmt ms ”h stjmjr wbt umt vbstj sjfsmjs vbh=55 oo a``i kjstbbh( Cmj sjfsmjs pbsmhojfbbr `o cmj vjrlbhicj a``itj tjkjrjmf(
^fjrorjlmhis w`rc bbh cmj k`fbht vbhcmj plbt`ro bbhijkrmhi owjrfsojhsj ` obtjrmbbl bvbl(Kbsmswmjlj ` a`jfplbtj w`rc bbh cmj`hcjrfbht vbh cmj a`jfpypj bbhijkrmhihb ijlbhi vbh cmj s``rt tjrrjmh(
Dmiuur 9(4>7 ”h S`rmhistjmjr
Lmiijwmi/plbt`rosLmiijwmi/plbt`ros w`rc `p pljffj ijkrumf wbbr ijw`hjstjmjrs jh plbt`ros wjjhs kjpjrftj rumotj hmj ijkrumf fbhw`rc hmj( Cmj lmiijwmi/plbt`ro w`rc v``rb `pijrmi jh``pijv`u jh ms `homccjllmf ijrjjc `o vmr ijkrumf `pijaystj w`rc( Amjrcmj stjmjrs w`rc ojt ”h lbhi flbop !bhfjrbro-bbh cmj ijk`u kjvjstmi vmr vjmlmiajmc(
Dmiuur 9(437 Lmiijwmi/plbt`ro
Uypstjmjrs
Tjrsfmlljhcj ljhitjs pypj jh t`jkja`rj w`rc bbhojfbbrijsmt o pypstjmjrs tj v`ro( Cmj pypj w`rc bbh ojfbbr ijflbop t`t cmj h`cmij a``itj jh krjjctj(
Ulbt`ros w`rc `p twjj/ojtjr bstbhcj vbhojfbbr ijplbbs s``s cmj a``itj vbhcmj ijk`u t`jhjjo, s`cbt cmj wjrfbrjb ijobflmf jh vjmlmi cjur wjrfjrs kjrjmf fbhw`rc(
Yjrfjrs o`jt tj bllj tyj vjmlmi ijh`ji `p plbt`ros v`jl `o aul wjrf cjjilmf tj vjrrmi( Swjj tmpjs pypstjmjrs w`rc w rc mh k`ukjcry ijkrumf, hbbolmf7• Bs`hcjrlmfj stjmjrs• F`rtrjlmhistjmjrs(
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Dmiuur 9(4:7 F`rtrjlmhistjmjr
^tjmjrkyf`ostmiajcj^tjmjkyf`ostmiajcj w`rc vbh stbbl, bluomhmuobll``m jh a`ut vjrvbbrcmi( Tbh cmj
vjrhbbostjs wbt ky cmj `prmitmhi vbh pypstjmjrs ijkrumf w`rc ms7• pypvjrkmhcjrs• rjia`jfmij flbopj• crbbmf`ppjlmhij• v`jtplbtj• stjmjrpypj• stbbl/stjmjrplbhfj,• a`utkblfj jh• lçjrs(
UypvjrkmhcjrY`rc ijkrumf `o vjrtmfblj stbbhcjrs !stjmjrpypj- ojt ojfbbr tj vjrkmhc(
Dmiuur 9(447 Uypvjrkmhcjr
[jia`jfmij flbopjY`rc ijkrumf `o vjrtmfblj jh a`rms`htblj stjmjrpypj ojt ojfbbrtj vjrkmhc(
Dmiuur 9(497 [jia`jfmij flbopj
^futrjlmhi
Cmikjplbhftjplbt`ro
^f`pplbhf
Cmbi`hbljvjrspbhstuf
Tjrtmfblj stjmjrpyp
A`rms`htbljcwbrslbt T`jtkblf
T`jtplbbt
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F`hstrufsmj 9
Crbbmf`ppjlmhi Tjrkmhc stjmjrpypj tjjh vjrsfmlljhcj a`jfj(
Dmiuur 9(417 Crbbmf`ppjlmhi
T`jtplbbt
Y`rc bbh cmj hcjrfbht vbh stbbhcjrs ijkrumf `o cmj mhsbf vbhstjmjrpypj mh ir`hc tj vjra`jc(
Dmiuur 9(4=7 T`jtplbbt
^tjmjrpypjUypj vbh stbbl ` bll``m wbt wbt mh stjmjrwjrf ijkrumf w`rc(
Dmiuur 9(957 ^tjmjrpypj
Z/plbbt !f`p-
Y`rc ijkrumf `o ”h kblf mh tj plbbs vmr stjwmiajmc !obfsmouoijwmi tj fbh crb-(
Dmiuur 9(927 Z/plbbt !f`p-
KbsmswmjljY`rc `hcjr mh stjmjrpypj ijplbbs vmr obflmfj kjwjimhi vbhstjmjrt`rmhi(
Dmiuur 9(9;7 Kbsmswmjlj
^tjmjrplbhfj• ^tjmjrplbhfj fbh ^B cjhhja`ut stbbl wjjs(• A`utstjmjrplbhfj o`jt bbh cmj vjrjmstjs vbh ^BH^ v`lc`jh(• Cmj bojtmhis vbh ”h stjmjrplbhf ms ;;1 Ù 1> oo/tmoojra`ut jh obi hmj 3,1
ojtjr ``rsfry hmj(• Cmj jhtj o`jt 2:5 oo vbh cmj fbht ojt ;: oo/a`jpjlystjr `ormhi w`rc(• O`jt mh stbbt wjjs o ”h vrbi vbh 4(: fH tj crb(• O`jt `p crmj stuttj rus jh hmj ojjr bs ;>5 oo vjrky jhtstut stjjf hmj(• O`jt stjwmi vbsijobbf w`rc s`cbt cmt hmj fbh r hcsfum hmj(
Tjmlmiajmcsobbtrjæls• ”h tjmjr o`jt h``mt `hvjmlmi ijlbbt w`rc hmj• Cmt o`jt `hcjr ijjh ostbhcmiajcj ijsfum ` vjrbhcjr w`rc tjrwyl cbbr p
ijwjrf w`rc hmj, ` s`hcjr t`jstjoomhi vbh cmj vjrbhtw``rcjlmfj pjrs`h hmj(
• Cmj rbbowjrf o`jt bltyc vbh cmjsjlcj s` rt obtjrmbbl ijobbf wjjs(• O`jt h``mt vbh `hvjmlmij stuttmhi s``s cr`ooj, l`s stjhj frbttj ijkrumf obbf
hmj(• Tjrwycjr umtstbbhcj a`jfj jh sfjrp v``rwjrpj(• F`ppjl bltyc blljjhstbbhcj stjmjrs bbh ijk`uj(• Ybhhjjr cbbr `p swbbmstjmjrs jh cbfstjmjrs ijwjrf w rc, o`jt
vjmlmiajmcsi`rcjls ijcrb w rc(• ^`ri cbt wjrfs`ppjrvlbf bltyc vjmlmi ms(• Hmjobhc obi `p stjmjrwjrf wjrf ijcurjhcj sljitj wjjrs`ostbhcmiajcj hmj(• Cbbr o`jt hmj ojjr bs twjj pjrs`hj p ”h swbbmstjmjr wjrf hmj(• ^`ri cbt obtjrmbbl jh ijrjjcsfbp bltyc `p ”h vjmlmij obhmjr ijlmi w rc(
• O`jt h``mt stjmjrs ``rlbbm hmj(• Crb bltyc vjmlmiajmcsfjros, /krmllj, stjwjls, abhcsf`jhj jh i rcjls(• Tjrwycjr r`oojl jh `hh`cmij ijrjjcsfbp vbh cmj stjmjr(
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Bftmwmtjmt 9
2( H`jo jh kjsfry crmj s``rtj stjmjrs wbt gy fjh(;( Ybt ms ir``tlmfs vjrbhtw``rcjlmf vmr cmj stjrftj jh stbkmlmtjmt vbh ”h stjmjr0>( H`jo crmj vjrjmstjs wbbrbbh ”h stjmjr o`jt v`lc`jh(
3( Ybbrv``r w`rc jlf vbh cmj v lijhcj stjmjrkyf`ostmiajcj ijkrumf03(2 Uypvjrkmhcjr3(; [jia`jfmij flbopj3(> Crbbmf`ppjlmhi3(3 T`jtplbbt3(: Kbsmswmjlj3(4 ^tjmjrpypj3(9 Z/plbbtf`p
:( Ybttjr vjmlmiajmcsobbtrjæls o`jt hbijf o w`rc wbhhjjr cbbr `p stjmjrsijwjrf w`rc0
^tbpjlouur
^tbpjlouurf`hstrufsmj
^tbpjlourj !``f “cr æourj‟ ijh`jo- vjrwys hb cmj hcjrvjrcjlmhi vbh”h ijk`u cjur lmiijwmi/bsf`rtmhis tj ijkrumf( ^tbpjlourj kjstbbh umt ”hrbbowjrf vbh tmoojra`ut, ijiblvbhmsjjrcj lmitj stbbl ` bluomhmuo wbt ojt”h kjcjffmhisobtjrmbbl `rtrjf w`rc( tbpjlourj w`rc s` ijh`jo `ocbt aulljijk`u w`rc s`hcjr jhmij hbt sjojht ` o`rtjl jh hmj h`cmi ajt `o cr``i tj w`rchmj( Aullj ms jmtlmf `homccjllmf krumfkbbr( Cmí ourj w`rc wçrjlcwyc ijkrumf vmr
kmhhjourj jh plb`hhj jh kjstbbh ijw``hlmf umt jhmij vbh cmj v`lijhcj s``rtjkjcjffmhisobtjrmbbl7
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Cmj v``r/ jh hbcjlj vbh stbpjlourj
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• ^tbpjlourj v `rf`o vjrtrbimhis `ocbt kmhhjourj hmj cr``i a`j tj w`rc v``rcbt cbbr ojt cmjwjrf v``rtijibbh fbh w`rc hmj(
• Ouurk`rcj w`rc vjrvbbrcmi mh bijwjrftj bs``f `hbijwjrftj v`ros(• Bijwjrftj k`rcj w`rc ojt vmhmjl bhcjr obtjrmbbl ``rijtrjf(• Ms mh ”h ir``t vjrsfjmcjhajmc fljurj jh tjfsturj kjsfmfkbbr wbt cmj vjr vbh k`rcj umtsfbfjl(• @ocbt cr`æourj `p ”h rbbowjrf tjjh cmj ijk`u vbsijaji w`rc, o`jt cmj a`utplbhfj wbt
ijkrumf w`rc rjiumt wjjs o ”h hjtgmjsj rjiumt cr`æouur tj vjrfry(• A`utplbhfj o`jt cr``i wjjs `o sfjjrjf jh cmj umttrjf vbh spyfjrs tj vjra`jc(• @prmi vbh stbpjlourj ms ”h cr`æ pr sjs(
• ^tbpjlourj ms bbhpbskbbr jh fbh mh `hijobflmfj pljffj `pijrmi w`rc(• Obtjrmbbl ms obflmf abhtjjrkbbr jh s`c`jhcj w`rc omhcjr st``rpljf bs vmr stjhj kjh`cmi(• ^tbpjlourj ms hmj s` swbbr s``s stjjhwjrf hmj(• ^tbpjlourj ms i`jcf`pjr `o p tj rmi(
• Omhcjr flbhfcmi bsstjjhwjrf(
• Omhcjr krbhckjstbhcbs stjjhwjrf(
• ^tbpjlourj o`jtbbh ojfbbr ` ojtkjstbbhcj ourj
vjrkmhc w`rc`o stjwmiajmc tj
vjrsjfjr(• ^tbpjlourj fbh ``f hmj swbbr lbstj crbhmj(
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F`hstrufsmj 9
Cr`æouurpr`cuftj jh aullj ijkrumfj
Ur`cufhbbo Bbhwjhcmhi
A`jflystj 5(4 oo ijiblvbhmsjjrcj a`jflystj kjabhcjl ojt ”h kmhcomccjl( Y rcijkrumf o cmj kumtjrbhcj vbh ourj tj kjsfjro(
Mhsfr`jstuf vmr
jljftrmjsj k``r
^pjsmblj t`jstjl wbt bbh ”h jljftrmjsj k``r ijf`ppjl w`rc `o cr`æouur
sfr`jwj mh stbbl ` a`ut mh tj sfr`j( !Hmj vmr pr`cufsmjwjrf bbhkjvjjl hmj-(^fr`jpuhtj Y rc mh jljftrmjsj sfr`jwjcrbbmjrs ijkrumf o cr æouursfr`jwj ojj mh
tj crbbm(
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^tbblcjurrboj !cjur`pjhmhi vbh =5 oo- ojt fl`uj o ojt tbpk`utj bbh vl`jr vbs tj k`ut
^jællbbi Y rc ijkrumf o ouurk rc mh kbcfbojrs jh f`okumsj tj sjæl v` rcbt tjælscbbr`p bbhijkrmhi w`rc(
^jlljjvjsjlilbsibbs Y rc ijkrumf vmr cr`æouurv jistryfmhi, ajrstjlwjrf bbh ourj jh oibbscrbbcpljmstjr vbh ijpljmstjrcj ourj tj vjrvbhi(
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Cr`æouursfr`jwj ;: oo “ trjbfjr‟/sfr`j „ o 2;,: oo/impsk rc bbh kbbhfbhblj tj aji(>; oo “‑Irbkkjr‟ vmr ajitmhi bbh a`ut(32 oo “ trjbfjr‟/sfr`j „ o cukkjllbbi 2;,: oo/impsk`rc bbhkbbhfbhblj tj kjvjstmi(
^f`tstylj 5(: oo vjrsmhftj stbblfbhblj wbt bs vjr tmfblj jljojhtj mhcr`æouurf`hstrufsmjs ijkrumf w`rc(
Kbbhfbhblj 5(: oo vjrsmhftj stbblfbhblj wbt bs vl`jr/ jh plb`hsp rj cmjh wbbrbbhsf`tstylj vbsijaji w`rc(
Impsk`rc !ouurk`rc-Impsk`rc ms ”h k`uobtjrmbbl wbt a``sbbflmf umt imps vjrvbbrcmi w`rc jh kjstbbh umt”h fbrt`hkjcjffmhi bbh wjjrsfbhtj vbh ”h impsfjrh( Cmt w`rc vmr cr`æourj jh hmj/lbscrbjhcj kmhhj/vjrcjjlourj mh fbht``rijk`uj ijkrumf, jh fbh lbtjr obflmf wjjr
bijkrjjf vjrbhcjr w`rc(
Dmiuur 9(9>7 ”h tbpjl impsk`rcj
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• Bs twjj lbj k`/`p ojfbbr ijkrumf w`rc, o`jt blkjm lbj vjrtmfbbl ijaji w`rc jhcmj lbssj vbh bltjrhbtmjwj lbj o`jt hmj ``rojfbbr vbl hmj(
• Ouurk`rc w`rc vbsijsmt ojt ”h cr`æouur/sfr jwjcrbbmjr jh sfr`jwj ;;5 ooumtojfbbr(
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• Sjhsy kjh`cmi, o`jt ouurk`rc hmj bbh cmj vl`jr/ ` plb`hkbbhfbhblj vbsijsmtw`rc hmj(
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vbh ”h stbpjlouur
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ojt`cj-
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fbhtj sf``h(• Yjhc twjjcj lbbi v`jistryfojhisjl ojt ”h >55 oo tr`jl bbh( Obbf cmj fbhtj
sf``h jh lbbt cr``i w`rc(• ^jlljjdbhc w`rc `f `p cmj ijw`hj obhmjr bbhijwjhc( Ybhhjjr cmt
cr``i w`rc, wjhc cmj twjjcj lbbi v`jistryfojhisjl bbh wjjrsfbhtwj vbhcmj v`jikbhc ojt ”h >55 oo tr`jl bbh( Ybhhjjr cr``i, wjhc cmj cjrcj lbbi
v`jistryfojhisjl ``r cmj omccjl vbh cmj lbspljf bbh jh lbbt cr``i w`rc(• Yjhc sjlljjdbhc p cmj kmhhja`jf bbh s`cbt cmj kbhc jwj vjr bbh
wjjrsfbhtj vbh cmj a`jf strjf jh lbbt cmt vjrabrc(• Yjhc ”h lbbi v jistryfojhisjl bbh jjh fbht bbh ojt kjaulp vbh ”h 2; oo
stryfojs bbh(Lbbt jjh fbht jjrs vjrabrc v``rcbt cbbr ojt cmj bhcjr fbht kjimh
w`rc(• Kumtja`jf „ Yjhc ”h lbbi v`jistryfojhisjl wjjrsfbhtj vbh cmj a`jfstut
ojt ”h 2;: oo stryfojs bbh( Lbbt vjrabrc jh wjhc ”h twjjcj jh cjrcj lbbi v`jistryfojhisjl wjjrsfbhtj bbh ojt ”h ;:5 oo tr`jl(
• Ijkrumf ”h 2;: oo stryfojs `o cmj a`ltjs k`/``r sfr`j`ppj tj vul( tryf ”hkmjtgmj vbh cmj v`jistryfojhisjl mh jjh rmitmhi bbh( ^tryf cmt cbh ijlyf ojt ”hcwbrskjwjimhi( Yjhc h`i ”h lbbi p cmjsjlcj obhmjr bbh( @hta`u o cmt hbjlfj bbhwjhcmhi tj lbbt vjrabrc(
• Ybbr ”h stbpjlouur ”h stjjhouur mh ”h rjiumt vlbf `hto`jt, o`jt cbbr ”hkjajjrlbs bbhijkrmhi w`rc( Cbbr o`jt ``f kjajjrlbssj mh ”h lbhi stbpjlouurwjjs `o t`j tj lbbt vmr umtsjttmhi jh mhfrmopmhi(
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• Bs bllj lbj cr``i ms, sfuur lmiimjs ojt yh sfuurpbpmjr !255/irjmh-( O`jhmj tjcmjp sfuur hmj(
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cbt obtjrmbbl plbtijwjrf w`rc(
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stuttjrjlmhis bbh a``/ jh v`jtplbtj
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• Aji st`rtkbf ojt flmhfhbjls bbh stbblstuttj(• Cmj st`rtkbf o`jt ojt ”h cr`æ ojhisjl sjojht jh rmvmjrsbhc hcjrstjuh w`rc(• Tjrsjæl cmj lbs tussjh st rtkbf jh tjæls ojt smlmf`hvjrsjællbbi(
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cmj impsk`rc ijplbbs w`rc `o stjwmij ajitmhi tj vjrsjfjr(• Cmj wbskbf fbh ``f `p ”h v`jtstuf ijplbbs w rc(• Cmj ibpmhi tussjh abhcjwbskbf jh tjæls o`jt ojt smlmf`h vjrsjæl w rc(• Ybtjrkjstbhcj k`rcj o`jt bltyc ky cmj mhstblljrmhi vbh ”h abhcjwbskbf ijkrumf
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Lbbi 2 Lbbi ;
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Bftmwmtjmt =
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3( A`jf/bbhslumtmhis vbh jjhstjjhourj mh stryfvjrkbhc:( A`jfbbhslumtmhi mh Jhijlsj vjrkbhc4( S/bbhslumtmhi mh Jhijlsj vjrkbhc
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C`jl vbh kblfvullmhi Cmj c`jl vbh kblfvullmhi ms `o cmj spbsmj tussjh cmj ouurplbbt jh cmj cbfplbtj tjælsojt stjjhwjrf tj kjcjf( Cmt w`rc ijc`jh `o7• cmj spbsmjs tussjh cmj cbfspbrfbpspbr vbhb cmj ouurplbbt t`t ky cmj
cbfkjcjffmhi tj vul(• v`æls jh mhsjftj umt cmj cbf tj a`u(• tj vjra`jc cbt wmhc `hcjr cmj cbf mhf`o(
• cmj hjsobbfsmtpljf vbh v`æls mh cmj cbf tj vjra`jc, jh• cmj stbkmlmtjmt vbh cmj cbffbppj tj vjrkjtjr(
T``rcjlj Hbcjlj
• Tjra`jc cbt wmhc cmj ijk u kmhhjcrmhi(• Tjrsfb i`jmj ms`lbsmj(• A`u wbrotj jh f`uj kumtj(• Tjra`jc smtpljf jh kr`jmpljf vmr v`æls mhcmjh ijk`u ”h ``p cbfrbhc
sbl aç• Tjra`jc cbt mhsjftj cmj cbf kmhhjf`o jh a`ut vbh cbffbppj bbhvbl(• Tjra`jc cbt st` cmj ijk`u kmhhjf`o(
• Cmt ms kbmj tycr wjhc`o cmj k`uwjrf cbbr tj c`jh( Cmt ms`hijobflmf `o cbbrtj wjrf(
Dmiuur 9(=17 Kblfvullmhi mh cjtbml
Dmiuur 9(==7 Kblfvullmhi vbh kmhhj ijsmjh
Bftmwmtjmt 25
2( Ybt ms cmj c`jl vbh kblfvullmhi0;( Ybt ms cmj v``r/ jh hbcjlj vbh kblfvullmhi0
Kblfvullmhi
Kblfvullmhi
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
^p`uourj
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vjrkmhc ms(
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^p`uourj ajlp vjrbl o ”h aums tjjh v`i, tjopjrbtuurumtjrstjs jh ijrbbs tj vrywbbr, jh fbh i`jcf`pjr bs b s`lmjcj cukkjlouur wjjs(
T``rcjlj vbh sp`uourj• vjra`jc cbt rjæhwbtjr cmj kmhhjouur sj `ppjrvlbftj kmhhjcrmhi• kmjc i jmj ms`lbsmj tjjh amttj, f`uj jh flbhf • obbf cmt o``htlmf `o i`jcf`pjr obtjrmbbl vmr cmj kmhhjourj bbh tj wjhc
• vjroy cmj ijkrumf vbh cuur kumtjbwjrfmhi !pljmstjrwjrf-(
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F`hstrufsmj
• Cmj v`lijhcj f`hstrufsmjrjiulbsmjs o`jt hbijf`o w`rc ky cmj k`u vbh ”hsp`uouur(• Cmj spbsmj tussjh cmj twjj ourj o`jt :5 oo wjjs jh obi h``mt 255 oo
``rsfry hmj(• Cmj cmftj vbh cmj bs`hcjrlmfj ourj o`jt 225 oo wjjs(• Cmj ourj o`jt mh ”h stjwmij vjrkbhc ijk`u jh ojt i`jmj o`rtjl vjrkmhc w rc(• Cmj ourj o`jt ojt ouurkmhtj bbh ojfbbr vjrkmhc w`rc wbt =55 oo
a`rms`htbbl jh 3:5 oo vjrtmfbbl vbh ojfbbr ijplbbs w`rc jh s` hb bs o``htlmf bbh jhmij `pjhmhi( Ouurkmhtj o`jt ``f >55 oo umtojfbbr lbhis c``cl``pjhtjjh pjhmhij ijplbbs w`rc(
• Bijsmjh vbh ouurkmhtj o`jt f`htbf tussjh cmj twjj ourj tj bllj tyj vjroy w`rc(
• ^yjribtj o`jt `hcjr cmj a`rms`htblj v`icmitmhislbbi, bs``f k`fbht v`icmitmhislbj ``r `pjhmhij ijplbbs w`rc(
• Ouurkmhtj o`jt r`jsvry wjjs jh vjra`jc cbt rjæhwbtjr cjurijlbbt w`rc(• Kmhhj/ jh kumtjourj wbbrvbh cmj v`jæ !o`rtjllbssj- hmj ijlyf ms hmj fbh cjur
cmj plbsmhi vbh ouurkmhtj cbbr`p cmj b``p vbh rjæhwbtjr hb cmj kmhhjouur vjr``rsbbf(
• Cmj a`ltj tussjh cmj twjj ourj o`jt sf``h ija`u w`rc vbh o`rtjl wbt tycjhsojssjlwjrf cbbrmh bvbl( O`rtjl wbt `p ouurkmhtj vbl, o`jt ``f vjrwycjr w`rc,bbhijsmjh cmt syjrmhi vbh wbtjr hb cmj kmhhjouur fbh vjr``rsbbf !fbpmllçrj/abbrkumswjrfmhi-(
• Cmj a`ltj o`jt kmhhj ”h k`rswjrmhi !Jhi7 “pbrbpjt‟- t`t ky cmj cjflbbi `pl``p(
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F`hstrufsmj 9
• ^p`uourj o`jt t`t 1 o lbhf jh > o a``i kjpjrf w`rc jh v``rs`ri o`jt tycjhscmj htwjrppr`sjs cbbrv``r ijtrj w`rc(
• Kjpjrf ijwjls t`t : o a``i(• T``rsmjhmhi vmr mhspjfsmjibtj o`jt tycjhs cmj k`u vbh sp`uourj ijobbf w`rc
`o ijo`rstj o`rtjl tj vjrwycjr( Amjrcmj ibtj w`rc hb v`lt``mmhi wjjr ijsjæl(• @pjhmhij wbt cjur ”h stjjhvjrkbhc vjrkmhc w rc, ajt ijjh ouurkmhtj h`cmi hmj(• Bllj ``rkruiimhis vbh cmj a`ltj !hmj ouurkmhtj hmj- o`jt vbh ”h v`iwjjrlbbi
v``rsmjh w`rc(• Ijjh ouurkmhtj o`jt `p v`iwjjrlbj bbhijkrmhi w`rc hmj(• T`iwjjrlbj o`jt 2:5 oo k`fbht ir`hcvlbf wjjs(• Obbf ijkrumf vbh lbtjrblj stuttj lbhis cmj f`hstrufsmj vbh lbhi sp`uourj(• Luistjhj o`jt mh kbmj hbt ijkmjcj `hcjr mh kumtjourj bbhijkrmhi w rc(• Mh ijw`hj wjjrs`ostbhcmiajcj o`jt ”h st` tv`ji jlfj 2 o ``pijfrbp w rc(
Dmiuur 9(2557 F`hstrufsmj vbh ”h sp`uouur
Dmiuur 9(2527 Cmj v``r/ jh lmhfjrbbhsmi vbh ”h sp`uouur
Lbbi 2 Lbbi ;
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
^f`jhlbppjrpbtr``h Hyl`houurkmht
Ijcrbbmcj pbtr``h Cukkjlcrmja`jf
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F`hstrufsmj 9
Dmiuur 9(25:7 ^hmt cjur ”h sp`uouur
Fbpkjjh
Kblfvullmhi
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Bftmwmtjmt 22
2( Kjsfry f`rtlmfs cmj c`jl vbh ”h sp`uouur(;( H`jo C[MJ v``r/ jh hbcjlj vbh ”h sp`uouur>( Tjrcumcjlmf f`rtlmfs mh g`u jmj w` rcj cmj rjiulbsmjs wbt hbijf`o o`jt w`rc
ky cmj f`hstrufsmj vbh ”h sp`uouur(
3( H`jo TMJ[ ouurkmhtj wbt ky ”h sp`uouur ijkrumf fbh w`rc(
Ouurk`æ
K`æ ms ”h tmpj f`hstrufsmj wbt bl jjuj lbhf cjur cmj ojhsc`o ijkrumf w`rc(Hmjtjjhstbbhcj cmj jmt cbt cmt ”h stjwmij f`hstrufsmj ms, vjrljjh cmt ``f ”hcjf`rbtmjwj v``rf`os bbh ijk`uj( Tjrsfmlljhcj k`æ w`rc mh vjrsfmlljhcj lbhcjijkrumf jh ajt bl jmj bbh cbbrcmj lbhcj ijrbbf(
Duhfsmj vbh k`æ
”h K``i ms ”h f`hstrufsmj wbbrmh ”h bbhtbl wmiv`romij jjhajcj !stjhj, flmppj- ojto`rtjl sbboijv`ji w`rc `o ”h `pjhmhi mh ”h ouur tj ``rspbh( Cmt crb cmj obssbcjur cmj bwbbrtsj frbitj hb cmj slumtstjhj ``r tj crb mh cmj v`ro vbh sywbbrtsjfrbitj hb bbhirjhsjhcj k``istjhj jh umtjhcjlmf hb cmj k``islumtjr jh /wbhij(
”h K``i ms cmj stjrfstj struftuur wbt ``r ”h `pjhmhi ijplbbs fbh w`rc( ”h K``i mshmj h``cwjhcmi sljis r`hc hmj „ cmt fbh ``f plbt wjjs( Cmj k`æ crb hmj hjt cmjk`uwjrf k`fbht k`æ sj ijwmi hmj obbr ijj ``f ”h o``m v``rf`os bbh cmj ouur ”hK``i fbh ijk`æ, r`hc ` plbt !rjiumt- wjjs( K`æ w`rc ijflbssmsjjr v`lijhs v`ro jhbwjrfmhi(
K``iv`ros
Cbbr ms crmj kbsmjsj k``iv`roj7• T`lljcmij k``i• ^jiojhtblj k``i• Ulbtk``i
Bwjrfmhi Cbbr ms ``f twjj bhcjr `hcjrvjrcjlmhis vbh k`æ, hbbolmf • [uk`æ „ stjhj w`rc mh wmiv`romij o`rtjlv`jæ ijplbbs jh ijpljmstjr(• Ubsk`æ „ spjsmblj wmiv`romij stjhj w`rc ojt jjhv`romij o rtjlv`jæ ijlç jh
`hijpljmstjr ijlbbt( Ubsk`æ w`rc vjrbl vmr smjrstjhj ijkrumf-(
Dmiuur 9(2547 ”h
Ablr`hcj ruk``i ojt
cukkjlj rmhij
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F`hstrufsmj 9
F`hstrufsmj^`crb ourj k``ia``itj kjrjmf ajt, o`jt ”h rojjlpr`jl `pijrmi w`rc( Cmj k``iw`rc kjimh ojt ”h r`llbbi ``r cmj `rojjl( Cbbrhb v`li cmj rjs vbh cmj k`uwjrf s``s `p cmj plbh v``rijstjl(
D`rojjlpr`jlCmt kjstbbh umt ”h a`utf`hstrufsmj wbt bs tycjlmfj stut cmjh( Cmt fbh ``r jh ``r `
sljis jjhoblmi ijkrumf w`rc( Cmj `rojjl stut cmj hbt ojssjlwjrf t`tcbt cmj k``iijsjt ` sjl`hcjrstjuhjhc fbh wjjs jh mh stbbt ms `o cmj lbs k`/``r tj crb(
Dmiuur 9(2597 Zmtjjhsjttmhi vbh ”h a`ut`rojjl vmr ”h ablr`hcj pbsk``i
Dmiuur 9(2517 D`rojjl jh k`u vbh ”h sjiojhtblj pbsk``i
Zmtjjhsjttmhi vbh k`æ• T`lljcmij k``i7 Cmj rbcmus ms ijlyf bbh ajlj vbh cmj spbh(• ^jiojhtblj k``i7 ^tbp 2 „ Fmjs ”h ijsfmftj sfbbl( ^tbp ; „ Srjf ”h a`rms`htblj lyh p sfbbl jh kjpbbl sy
omccjlpuht( ^tbp > „ Srjf ”h vjrtmfblj !l``c-lyh p cmj omccjlpuht vbh
cmj spbh( ^tbp 3 „ Tjrkmhc cmj puht vbh cmj spbh jh a``itj ojt
ojfbbr !cmbi`hbbl-( ^tbp : „ Ablvjjr sfumhslyh !cmbi`hblj- lyh jh trjf l``clyh
hb vjrtmfblj lyh( ^hypuht vbh l``clyh `p omccjllyhcum rbcmus``rspr`hi bbh(
A``styl 9: oo Ù >1 oo
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D`rojjllbttj9: oo Ù ;: oo
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^tut bb 3 Ù 9: oo` 59: oo
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
• Ulbtk``i7 ”h Ulbtk``i fbh cmj mllusmj vbh sbffmhi sfjp( Cmt fbh rjiijstjl w`rccjur cmj s`jt vbh cmj k``i jjhs a`ær mh cmj omccjl tj obbf( ”h Ijsfmftj
vjra`ucmhi vbh 2572 w`rc bbhkjvjjl(
F`hstrufsmj7 ^`crb ourj cmj k``ia``itj kjrjmf ajt, o`jt ”h `rojjl pr`jl`pijrmi w`rc( Cmj k``i w`rc kjimh ojt ”h r`llbbi ``r cmj `rojjl( Cbbrhb v`li cmjrjs vbh cmj k`uwjrf s``s `p plbh v``rijstjl(
D`rojjlpr`jl7 Kjstbbh umt ”h a`utf`hstrufsmj wbt bs tycjlmfj stut cmjh( Cmt fbh``r jh ``r ` sljis jjhoblmi ijkrumf w`rc( Cmj `rojjl stut cmj hbt ojssjlwjrf t`tcbt cmj k``i ijsjt ` sjl`hcjrstjuhjhc ijw`rc ajt( Cmj k``i ms h`u mh stbbt `ocmj lbs k`/`p tj crb(
Dmiuur 9(25=7 Ulbtk``i`rojjl Dmiuur 9(2257 Mhk`u vbh ”h plbtk``i
Dmiuur 9(2227 ^jiojhtblj k``i Dmiuur 9(22;7 Mhk`u vbh sjiojhtblj k``i
Dmiuur 9(22>7 T`lljcmij k``i Dmiuur 9(2237 Mhk`u vbh v`lljcmij k``i
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F`hstrufsmj 9
Dmiuur 9(22:7 Ablr`hcj pbsk``i
Ubsk`æUbsk`æ ms k`æ wbbrvbh cmj stjhj ` kl`ffj wmiv`romi ijshy w`rc v``rcbt cmt mh cmjf`hstrufsmj vbh ”h k``i ijkrumf w`rc( Cmj wmiv`ro fbh `p crmj obhmjrj vjrfry w`rc(• ^tjhj w`rc wmiv`romi ijpjrs ijv`ro !w`rc ky stjjhobfjry ijc`jh-(• ^tjhj w rc `p ”h ir`wwj ` yhijtbhcj `ppjrvlbf ijsfuur(• ^tjhj w`rc ojt ”h spjsmblj sbbi, kyl ` pmfabojr mh cmj vjrlbhicj v`ro ijshy(
Mhcmjh ”h ir``t bbhtbl k`æ vbh cmjsjlcj ir``ttj jh f`hstrufsmj mh ”h ijk`u ijkrumf ibbh w`rc, sbl cmt rbbcsbbo wjjs `o amjrcmj stjhj ky ”h stjjhobfjry tj lbbt pjrs(Cmt sbl vjrsjfjr cbt jjhcjrsj k`æ vbh i`jmj ijabltj ijobbf fbh w`rc(
Dmiuur 9(2247 ^jiojhtblj pbsk``i
Kumtjwjlwmhi^lumtstjjh
Jhijlsj vjrkbhc
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Dmiuur 9(2297 D`rojjl jh k`u vbh ”h sjiojhtblj Dmiuur 9(2217 T`lt``mcj sjiojhtblj pbsk``i
pbsk``i
[uk`æ[uk`æ ms k`æ wbt vbh stbhcbbrc !hmj/wmiv`romij- pljmstjrstjhj ijk`u w`rcojt wmiv`romij o`rtjl tussjh cmj stjhj !wmiv`romi-( Amjrcmj tmpj k`æ w`rch`robblwji ijkrumf ky k`æ wbt ajjltjobl ijpljmstjr o`jt w`rc s``s ”h `htlbsk``i (”h @htlbsk``i w`rc bbh cmj kmhhjvlbf vbh ”h ouur ijkrumf `o cmj obssb vbh cmjouur k`fbht cmj `pjhmhi tj crb jh tj `hcjrstjuh jh t`jijpljmstjr( ”h Fbbl ruk``i mskbmj h``ilmf bbh cmj kumtjfbht vbh ”h ouur( [uk`æ w`rc `f hmj vmr smjrstjjhourjbbhkjvjjl hmj( Cmj v``rcjjl vbh amjrcmj k``i ms cbt cmt i`jcf``p jh cus jf`h`omjsms(
Dmiuur 9(22=7 Zmtjjhsjttmhi vbh ”h sjiojhtblj ruk``i Dmiuur 9(2;57 Zmtjjhsjttmhi vbh ”h ablr`hcj ruk``i
ojt cukkjlj rmhij
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F`hstrufsmj 9
Dmiuur 9(2;27 T``rstjllmhi vbh ”h ablr`hcj ruk``i ojt cukkjlj rmhij
Dmiuur 9(2;;7 Zmtjjhsjttmhi vbh ”h a`ut`rojjl
A``styl 9: oo Ù >1 oo
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D`rojjllbttj9: oo Ù ;: oo
Crbjr 9: oo Ù >1 oo
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^tut bb 3 Ù 9: oo` 59: oo
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Dmiuur 9(2;>7 A`ut`rojjl vmr sjiojhtblj pbsk``i !``p `rojjllbttj-
Dmiuur 9(2;37 A`ut`rojjl vmr ”h ablr`hcj pbsk``i !``p jh t`j `rojjllbttj-
Bftmwmtjmt 2;
2( Ybt vjrstbbh gy hcjr k`æ0;( Ybt ms cmj uhfsmj vbh ”h k``i0>( H`jo cmj vjrsfmlljhcj k`æ wbt ”h ojhs fry(3( Kjsfry f`rtlmfs wbttjr stbppj gy sbl v`li ojt cmj umtsjttmhi vbh ”h sjiojhtblj
k``i(:( Ybt ms ”h `rojjlpr`jl04( Obbf tjfjhmhij `o cmj v`lijhcj pbsk`æ tj mllustrjjr7
• Ablr`hcj pbsk``i• ^jiojhtblj pbsk``i• ^jiojhtblj ruk``i(• Ablr`hcj ruk``i(
9( Ubsk`æ ms k`æ wbbrvbh cmj stjhj wmiv`romi ijshy w`rc( T`lijhs wbttjr
ojt`cjs fbh amjrcmj wmiv`ros vjrfry w`rc01( H`jo jjh v` rcjjl vbh ruk`æ(=( Obbf ”h tjfjhmhi `o cmj umtjjhsjttmhi vbh ”h a`ut`rojjl tj mllustrjjr(
D`rojjllbttj
Crbjrs 223 oo Ù :; oo
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F`hstrufsmj 9
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T``rsmjh cmj tjfjhmhi vbh ”h `psfrm, sfbbl jh bllj kysfrmj( Ijkrumf cmjmhlmitmhi wbt rjjcs v``rsmjh ms jh tjfjh `p ”h sfbbl vbh 2 7 ;: ”h vjrtmfblj
cjurshjj/bbhsmi cjur cmj o`t`rbcbf( Cmj v`lijhcj o`jt `p cmj tjfjhmhiijt``h w`rc7Ouur ;;5 ooUljmstjr bbh kjmcj fbhtj vbh cmj ouur 2; ooKmhhjobbt tussjh pmlbrj jh ouur !wjsfbht- > 555 ooKjt`hklbc 9: oo^jojhtvlbflbbi >5 ooTmjrfbhtmij stjjhpmlbrj >:5 Ù >:5 ooA``itj vbh smjrstjjhpmlbrj k`/`p cmj kjt`hklbc ; ::5 oo !>5 stjjhlbj-
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Cmj kjt`h`hcbojhtj vmr cmj pmlbrj jh cmj ouur a`j hmj ijt``h tj w`rc hmj(
Zmtlç vbh cbffbppj vmr ”h ijwjljhtcbf
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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Dmiuur 9(2:27 Cmj umtlç vbh cbffbppj vmr ”h sfmlccbf
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F`hstrufsmj 9
Dmiuur 9(2:; !k-7 Zmtlç vbh cbffbppj vmr ”h sfmlccbf ojt ”h fmjl
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kjs`hcjrajcj ky cmj a`jf
vbh ”h w`ljht
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Kjs`hcjrajcj vbh cmj vjrsfmlljhcj cbffbppj wbt ky ”h sfmlccbf ijkrumf w`rc(
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>( Tjrkmhc cmj puhtj vmr cmj wbrj ljhitj(3( Cmj stbbhshmt jh v jtshmt w`rc ``f vbh amjrcmj tjfjhmhi bijljm(
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F`hstrufsmj 9
@o cmj wbrj ljhitjs vbh cmj f`rtspbrrj tj kjpbbl
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”h Lys tjroj wbt ky cbffj ijkrumf w`rc
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Ijwjlcbf7 ”h Cbf wbt tjjh jjh ` tussjh twjj crmja`jfmij ijwjls jmhcmi(A`jfspbrrj7 Cbfspbrrj p cmj kumtja`jfj vbh ”h w`lwjcbf !w`ljhtcbf-(Fmjl7 Cmj kmhhja`jf wbt ijv`ro w`rc bs twjj sfumhssyj vbh ”h cbf
ojfbbr hto`jt(Fmjlspbrrj7 Cmj a`jfspbrrj vbh ”h fmjl(F`rt spbrrj7 Cmt ms cmj f`rt spbrrj wbt vbhb cmj a`jfspbr t`t ky cmj ouurplbbt
strjf ` vbhb cmj h`f t`t ky cmj fmjlspbrrj(
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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cmj ouur(Cbfspbr Cmj lbhistj, sfumhs kjhj vbh ”h fbp, ``f fbpkjjh ijh`joIjwjlcbfrbhc7 Cmj cjjl vbh cmj cbf wbt ``r cmj ijwjljht stjjf(
A``styl7 Cmj vjrtmfblj styl mh cmj omccjl vbh cmj fbp, vbsijaji bbh cmjcbfspbrrj jh cmj kmhckblf(
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cbf ijaji w`rc(Dbssmjplbhf7 ”h Ulbhf wbt cmj cbfspbrrj bbh cmj kumtjrbhc vbh cmj cbf kjcjf(Ymhcvjjr7 ”h Ulbhf wbt cmj sfumhs cbfrbhtj vbh ”h ijwjlcbf kjcjf(^pbh7 Cmj a`rms`htblj bstbhc tussjh twjj kumtjourj(Kmhckblfspbh7 Cmj a`rms`htblj bstbhc tussjh cmj kumtjhstj rbhcj vbh cmj
ouurplbbt( Tmr bffurbbtajmc o`jt amjrcmj bojtmhi `p cmj ijk`u
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? 1 =;1 oo
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cmj h`f(
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F`hstrufsmj 9
Cmj umtlç vbh cbfspbrrj vmr ”h bcbf
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Zmtlç vbh cbffbppj vmr ”h cbf ojt k`rswjrmhisourj
Dmiuur 9(2:=7 Zmtlç vbh cbffbppj vmr ”h cbf Dmiuur 9(2457 Aji vbh
ojt k`rswjrmhisourj cbfspbr bbh ouur
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Bftmwmtjmt 24
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;( Ijkrumf fbrt`h jh obbf ”h sfbblo`cjl vbh ”h ijwjlcbf(;(2 ”h [jia`jfmij ijk`u o`jt ”h sfmlccbf fry( fjts cmj kumtjourj jh cum
mh strjpmjlyhj cmj k`bbhsmi vbh cmj cbf bbh(;(; Ijkrumf fbrt`h jh obbf ”h sfbblo`cjl vbh ”h sfmlccbf(
>( >(2 ”h [jia`jfmij ijk`u o`jt ”h sfmlccbf ojt ”h fmjl fry( fjts cmjkumtjourj jh cum mh strjpmjlyhj cmj k`bbhsmi vbh cmj cbf bbh(
>(; Ijkrumf fbrt`h jh obbf ”h sfbblo`cjl vbh ”h sfmlccbf ojt ”h fmjl(3( Cmj ir`hcplbh vbh ”h w``haums, hmj v`lijhs sfbbl hmj, w`rc ijt``h(
Sjfjh, v`lijhs sfbbl 2 7 255, cmj ir`hcplbh vbh cmj aums(^ljis cmj ourj o`jt ijt``h w`rc( Cmj vjhstjrs jh cjurj o`jthmj bbhijt``h w`rc hmj(3(; @htwjrp `p amjrcmj ir`hcplbh ”h ijwjlcbf vmr cmj aums( Cmj cbf ajt ”h
``rabhi vbh 455 oo(
3(> @htwjrp `p amjrcmj ir`hcplbh ”h sfmlccbf vmr cmj aums( Cmj cbf ajt ”h``rabhi vbh 455 oo(
:( Cmj ir`hcplbh vbh ”h w``haums, hmj v`lijhs sfbbl hmj, w`rc ijt``h(:(2 Sjfjh( v lijhs sfbbl 27 255, cmj ir`hcplbh vbh cmj aums(
^ljis cmj ourj o`jt ijt``h w`rc( Cmj vjhstjrs jh cjurj
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F`hstrufsmj 9
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• Lç jlfj cbbr p v`lijhcj cbfplbbt s`cbt cmt cmj jjrstj plbbt ojt jjh i`l ``rvljujl(
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• Amjrcmj plbstmjflbbi ljm rjæh wbt cjur wmhc `hcjr cmj tjæls mhijwbbm w rc hb cmjijutj(
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F`hstrufsmj 9
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? >3: oo
Kjimh bbh cmj cbf sj `hcjrfbht7• Lç cmj jjrstj tjæl rjis `hcjr jh wjrf vbh rjis hb lmhfs(• Lç tjæls mh ryj cjur jjrs cmj jjrstj crmj tjæls kyv` rkjjlc a`rms`htbbl tjjh cmj
cbfrbhc tj lç(• Obbf v` rsmjhmhi vmr cmj :5 oo/` rabhi ky cmj cbfrbhc s`cbt rjæhwbtjr rjib
mh cmj ijut fbh vl`jm(• Ijkrumf ”h sfmjtlyh !Jhi7 nablf lmhj- `o cmj rbhc vbh cmj cjrcj tjæl hb cmj frumh
vbh cmj cbf ``r tj crb(• Lç cmj k``hstj ry sj crmj tjæls vbhb amjrcmj sfmjtlyh(• Aji cmj tjæls ojibhmjs bbh cmj `rabhi jh ijwjls vbs(• Lç cmj rjs vbh cmj tjæls tussjh cmj `hcjrstj jh k``hstj ryj(• Kjimh wjjr `hcjr ojt cmj v lijhcj crmj tjæls jh ajrabbl cmj stbppj t`tcbt bllj
tjæls ijlç ms(• Ulbbs ”h str``f v`iwjjrlbbi `r cmj v`llj bstbhc vbh cmj h`f(• Lç ”h o`rtjllbbi vbh `hijvjjr :5 oo p cmj v`iwjjrlbbi bbh wjjrsfbhtj vbh
cmj h`f s`cbt cmj h`fpbhhj cbbr`p fbh pbs(
• Yjjf cmj h`fpbhhj mh wbtjr, p`smsm`hjjr f`rrjf `p cmj o`rtjlstr``f jh cruf stjwmi vbs( Ajrabbl vmr cmj bhcjr h`fpbhhj jh obbf sjfjr cbt cmj ``rvljujlmhif`rrjf ms(
• Krmhi v`jisf`rtj jh cbfrbhcbwjrfmhis bbh s``s vjrlbhi(
Mhstblljrmhi vbh rmjtcbffj• ^pyfjr cmj fbppblj bbh cmj cbfpblj vbs( Cmj cbfpblj o`jt ”h omhmouo vbh
255 oo jh cmj fbppblj >1 oo mh cjurshjj wjjs(• Ulbbs ”h lbbi spjsmblj bluomhmuo`jlmj bhcjr krbhckjstbhcj obtjrmbbl k`/`p
cmj fbppblj o vjrsprjmcmhi vbh ”h krbhc tj vjrtrbbi(• Ijkrumf k`hcjls cjfrmjt, omhstjhs2:5 oo cmf, vbh a`æ fwblmtjmt, sf``h, cr`æ
irbs jh kmhc cmj cjfrmjt ojt kmhccrbbc bbh cmj fbppblj(• Cmj ``rabhij vbh ”h cjfrmjtcbf o`jt ojjr bs crmj ojtjr vbhb bllj bbhirjhsjhcjjmjhc`ooj wjjs `o krbhcijvbbr vmr kurj tj vjromhcjr(
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>>3
9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
• Krmhi cmj h`fkjcjffmhi bbh(• ”h Yjjrlmibjmjr !”h a`utpbbl ojt ”h fjrh vbh f`pjrcrbbc- o`jt `hijvjjr jjh
ojtjr vbhb cmj ijk`u mh cmj ir`hc ijàhstblljjr w`rc `o `hijvjjr jjh ojtjrk`fbht cmj a``istj puht vbh cmj ijk`u umt tj stjjf( @ocbt cmj bjmjr mh cmjir`hc lbhis cmj ijk`u ijplbht w`rc, fbh cmj ljhitj bbhsmjhlmf wmssjl(
^pbsmærmhi vbh cbffbppj jh fbplbttj
Cmj tmpj cbfkjcjffmhi kjpbbl cmj omhmouo ajllmhi jh spbsmærmhi tussjh cmjcbffbppj jh fbp/ ` tjællbttj( Cmj tbkjl amjr`hcjr ijj cmj spjsmfbsmjs vmr cmjblijojjhstj s``rtj cbfkjcjffmhi bbh7
Cbfobtjrmbbl Omhmouo
ajllmhi mh
irbcj !µ-
Obfsmouo
bstbhc tussjh
cbffbppj
Obfsmouo bstbhc
tussjh fbplbttj
Bojtmhis vbh
fbplbttjællbt
FLB^ 2
Iji`lcj smhf/, tr`ipr`jl !MK[-smhfcbfplbbt, cjursfyhplbtj
Iji`lcj vjsjlsjojhtcbfplbtj :2
2 355 oo 2 ;55 oo :5 Ù 94 oo
94 Ù 94 oo
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Kjt`hcbftjæls
^pjsmfbsmjs• Cmj fljur vbh jlfj tjæl o`jt vbh s` ”h bbrc wjjs cbt cmt sjls hb vjrwjrmhi hmj
o`jt bstjjf tjjh cmj rjs vbh cmj cbf`ppjrvlbf hmj(• Sjæls o`jt ojt omhstjhs 255 oo `rvljujl vmr ajllmhis tussjh 29¿µ jh ;:µ, jh
9: oo vmr ajllmhis vbh ;4µ jh ojjr(
T``rcjlj• Kjt`hcbftjæls ms cmj ojjs jf`h`omjsj s``rt cbfkjcjffmhi(• Cmt ms cuursbbo jh jstjtmjs bbhvbbrkbbr(• Cmt ms mh vjrsfmlljhcj fljurj jh pr`jlj kjsfmfkbbr(
^bojstjllmhi ”h ^tjrf kjt`hojhisjl w`rc `hcjr a`æ cruf mh bluomhmuoimjtv`ros ijpjrs,wbbrhb cmt hb ljhitj ijsbbi w`rc( Hbkjabhcjlmhis cuur vbh ;3 uur `hcjr h`robljt`jstbhcj t`t 9 t`t 1 uur bs amttj bbhijwjhc w`rc( Hb amjrcmj pr`sjs w`rc cmt umt cmjimjtv`ro vjrwycjr jh flbo ija`u `o vjrcjr tj amcrjjr v``rcbt cmt vjrsjhc w`rc(
T``rcjlj• Ms mh ”h wyj vjrsfjmcjhajmc v`ros kjsfmfkbbr• Ms kjf`stmikbbr
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>>:
F`hstrufsmj 9
• Fbh cmj v``rf`os vbh ”h w``haums vjrkjtjr• Ms mh vjrsfjmj fljursfbfjrmhis jh v ros tj fry, ajt ijjh mhstbhca`ucmhi h`cmi
hmj jh ms r`jsvry • Ms wbro mh cmj wmhtjr jh f`jl mh cmj s`ojr• Ms `oijwmhisvrmjhcjlmf „ ijjh ijs`hcajmcsrmsmf` hmj• Ms wbtjrcmi jh cuursbbo
Hbcjlj• Sbbolmf vbtkbbr vmr najomjsj vjrwjrmhi• Krjjfkbbr, jh o`jt vjrsmitmi abhtjjr w`rc• ^wbbrcjr bs cmj ojjstj bhcjr cbfs``rtj• ^j fljurj obi vjrsfml• Tbh swbf kjt`h ijobbf6 fbh umtjrstj wjjrs`ostbhcmiajcj hmj i`jc tr`tsjjr hmj• Cuurcjr `ocbt ojjr cbflbttj ijkrumf w rc bs vmr plbbtojtbblcjffmhi• Ojjr brkjmcmhtjhsmj • Fbh s`os p`rjus wjjs
Tbsajitmhi
Cmj v`lijhcj tjæls o`jt jlf ojt f`pjr/, bluomhmuo/ ` vljfvryjstbblspyfjrs vbsijfbp w rc7• Jlfj cjrcj tjæl mh jlfj lbbi• Bllj tjæls mh cmj h`flbbi• Jlfj ijshycj tjæl lbhis jlfj sy vbh a`jfspbr jh fmjlj• Bllj tjæls ky ``pcbfrbhctj jh wmhcvjærs• Tmr cbffj mh fusijkmjcj o`jt bllj tjæls ojt i`jcijfjurcj hyl`h/st rofhmppj
bbh cmj tjællbttj vbsijspyfjr w`rc( Cmj fhmppj o`jt bbhijpbs wjjs ky cmjtjælpr`jl
• A`jfh`f/ jh h`ftjæls o`jt mh s`lmjcj, ijpmiojhtjjrcj > 7 2 o`rtjl vbsijsmtw`rc
• Jlfj tjæl o`jt ijt`jts w`rc vmr stjwmij plbsmhi(
Ulbbtojtbblcbffj ojt MK[/cbfplbtj
^pjsmfbsmjs• Ojtbblcbfplbtj o`jt bbhjjhl`pjhc ``r cmj cbf strjf(• Cbfplbtj vmr kmhhjlbhcsj ijkrumf o`jt ijiblvbhmsjjr wjjs(• Cbfplbtj vmr fusijkmjcj o`jt ijiblvbhmsjjr jh ojt i`jcijfjurcj vjr ky cmj
bkrmjf kjsfjro w`rc(• MK[/cbfplbtj o`jt vbh cmj ir`hc ijlmi jh i`jc ijvjhtmljjr w`rc t`tcbt aullj
ijàhstblljjr w`rc
JmjhsfbppjTjrbl ijsfmf vmr f`oojrsmælj jh mhcustrmælj ijkrumf( Cmj tmpjs MK[ 1=5 jh 414 ms mhcmj abhcjl kjsfmfkbbr, jh MK[ 414 ms cmj ojjs ijkrumflmfj(
Sjihmjsj kjs`hcjrajcj vbh MK[ 414/cbfplbtj• Tjrvbbrcmijrs o`jt aullj pr cuftj sjrtmsjjr v`lijhs cmj boptjlmfj vjrjmstjs vmr
cbfplbtj(• Ijpr`ljjrcj ojtbblcbfkjcjffmhis o`jt ijiblvbhmsjjr wjjs(• ”h Ulbbt kjstbbh umt vy trbpjs`àjcj rmkkjs !rmjls-• [mkkjs !rmjls- ms >9 oo cmjp `r 292,: oo sjhtjrs(• Cmj blijajlj krjjctj ms 935 oo(
• Cmj jjftmjwj krjjctj ms vy rmkkjs ``r 292,: oo sjhtjrs vmr ”h krjjctj vbh414 oo(
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>>4
9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Tbsajitmhi • Cmj plbtj w`rc vbsijsfr`j(• Ibtj vmr sfr`jwj mh cbfplbtj o`jt ijk``r jh hmj ijp`hs w`rc hmj(• ^lbbhsfr`jwj w`rc hmj t`jijlbbt hmj(• ^pjsmblj wjjrkjstbhcj a`utsfr`jwj ojt kja``rlmfj sfjrp sfr`jcrbbc o`jt ojt
hj`prjjh/ jh ojtbblwbstjrs ijkrumf w`rc(• Abbfk`utajistuffj o`jt hj`prjjh/ jh ojtbblwbstjrs `hcjr cmj k`ut fry(
• Cmj ``rslbi bbh wjjrsfbhtj vbh ”h plbbt ms jjh rmjl(• Ulbtj o`jt w`rc v lijhs cmj vjrvbbrcmijr sj mhstrufsmjs ijlç w rc(
T``rcjljCmj plbtj ms7• obflmf abhtjjrkbbr jh hmj tj swbbr hmj(• rmimjc jh stjrf wjjhs cmj a`jfmij rmjls• umtjrs ijsfmf vmr cmj bjm vbh rjæhwbtjr(• cuursbbo• tj fry mh jhmij ljhitj, sljis kjpjrf cjur kjsfmfkbrj vjrv`jr• r`jskjstbhc bs !ijiblvbhmsjjr-
• ijsfmf vmr cmj cjf vbh ir``t `ppjrvlbftjs• kumikbbr tjjh rbcmussj vbh 455 oo jh ojjr, jh• shy rjcjlmf obflmf(
Hbcjlj• ^fjrp rbhcj fbh ijvbbrlmf wjjs• Abhcsf`jhj o`jt tycjhs abhtjrmhi ijkrumf w`rc o shyw`hcj tj v``rf`o(• Sj cuh plbbt fbh obflmf kumi ` fhbf mhcmjh cbbr p ijtrbp w`rc(• Fbh r`js ky cmj rbhcj mhcmjh cmt ijshy w rc ojt ”h a`jfslypjr jjrcjr bs ”h sfçr
` fhmppjr(
Iji`ldcj smhfplbbtcbfkjcjffmhi[jiulbsmjs• Ojtbblcbfplbtj o`jt bbhjjhl`pjhc `r cmj cbf strjf(• Cbfplbtj vmr kmhhjlbhcsj ijkrumf o`jt ijiblvbhmsjjr wjjs(• Cbfplbtj vmr fusstrjfj o`jt ijiblvbhmsjjr wjjs jh o`jt ”h i`jcijfjurcj lbbi
vjr ky cmj bkrmjf fry(
Jmjhsfbppj• Cmt ms cmj blijojjhstj jh ojjs trbcmsm`hjlj s``rt ijpr ljjrcj, ijiblvbhmsjjrcj
cbfkjcjffmhi mh ^umc/Brmfb(
^bojstjllmhi • Cmj ijabltj vbh cmj stbbl w`rc v``rijsfry jh vjrvbbrcmijrs o`jt sjrtmsjjr cbt
aullj stbbl bbh cmj vjrjmstjs v`lc`jh(• Cbfplbtj o`jt 5,1 oo cmf wjjs vmr cbffj ojt ajllmhis tussjh 1 jh 23 irbcj jh
5,4 oo vmr cbffj ojt ajllmhis vbh 2: irbcj jh ojjr(• [mjls o`jt 29,: oo cmjp wjjs ` r 94 oo sjhtjrs(• Cmj jjftmjwj krjjctj o`jt tussjh 452 oo jh 49; oo wjjs(
Ojt`cj vbh vbsajitmhi • Cmj plbtj w`rc vbsijsfr`j(• Ibtj vmr sfr`jwj mh cbfplbtj o`jt ijk``r jh hmj ijp`hs w`rc hmj(
• ^lbbhsfr`jwj w`rc hmj t`jijlbbt hmj(• ^pjsmblj wjjrkjstbhcj a`utsfr`jwj ojt kja``rlmfj sfjrp sfr`jcrbbc o`jt ojthj`prjjh/ jh ojtbblwbstjrs ijkrumf w`rc(
• Abbfk`utajistuffj o`jt hj`prjjh/ jh ojtbblwbstjrs `hcjr cmj k`ut fry(
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>>9
F`hstrufsmj 9
• Cmj ``rslbi bbh cmj syj vbh cmj plbbt o`jt hmj omhcjr bs 2¿ rmjls wjjs hmj(• Cmj puht``rslbj abhi b vbh cmj ajllmhi vbh cmj cbf7 a`j stjmljr cmj ajllmhi, a`j
f`rtjr cmj puht``rslbi7
Ajllmhi vbh cbf Uuht` rslbi
Ojjr bs >5µ 2:5 oo
>5µ 29: oo
;:µ ;55 oo
;5µ ;;: oo
2:µ jh omhcjr >55 oo
T``rcjljIji`lcj smhfplbbt7• ms rjlbtmj kjf`stmikbbr jh kbmj cuursbbo• ms kjsfmfkbbr mh vjrsfmlljhcj stbhcbbrcljhitjs(• sj pr jlj obbf cmj plbbt rmimjc tycjhs ijkrumf jh abhtjrmhi(
• ms ``f tj fry mh vjrsfmlljhcj bll``mj mh bluomhmuo, f`pjr jh vljfvryj stbbl(• ms abhtjjrkbbr jh hmj tj swbbr hmj(• ms r`jskjstbhc wjjhs cmj iblvbhmsjrmhi(• fbh ir``t `ppjrvlbftjs obflmf jh vmhhmi cjf(• shy obflmf, jh• ms kjstbhc tjjh sycjlmhisj kumimhi(
Hbcjlj• ^fjrp rbhcj fbh ijvbbrlmf wjjs• Abhcsf`jhj o`jt tycjhs abhtjrmhi ijkrumf w`rc o shyw`hcj tj v``rf`o(• Sj cuh plbbt fbh obflmf kumi ` fhbf mhcmjh cbbr p ijtrbp w`rc(
• Fbh r`js ky cmj rbhcj mhcmjh cmt ijshy w rc ojt ”h a`jfslypjr jjrcjr bs ”h sfçr` fhmppjr(
Irbscbffj
[jiulbsmjsCmj ^BH^ 553572==5, Cjjl S wy hmj kbmj umt ``r irbscbffj hmj( Cmt vjrjms sljis cbtbs cmj brjb vbh ”h cbf ojjr bs ;5 o; ms, cmj cbf omhstjhs 3,: ojtjr vbhb irjhslyhj` bhcjr strufturj o`jt wjjs(
Tjrsjfjrbbrs ajt jitjr strjhi v``rsfrmj wbt hbijf`o o`jt w`rc v``rcbt ”hirbscbf jhmismhs vjrsjfjr sbl w`rc( Cmj v``rsfrmj w`rc cmfwjls bbhijpbs jh ms `phbvrbbi tj fry(
Jmjhsfbppj[mjt jh irbs ms hbtuurlmfj, jf`l`imjs v``rcjlmij obtjrmblj umt ajrhukbrj kr`hhj(Tjrsfmlljhcj s``rtj irbs jh rmjt w`rc ijkrumf, s``s kyv``rkjjlc Fbbpsj cjfrmjt jhs``rtj r``mirbs mh cmj K`s/ jh Lbjvjlc( Cmt ms ”h kbmj `u ojt`cj vbh cbfkjcjffmhi,jstjtmjs bbhtrjflmf, f`jl mh cmj s`ojr jh obtmi mh cmj wmhtjr( Irbscbffj w`rc cmf ijh`ji jh ojt cmj rjitj ajllmhi ijlç s`cbt rjæhwbtjr hmj cbbrcjur fbh crmhi hmj(
Cjfrmjt ` irbs ms kjsfmfkbbr bs k`hcjls wbt cjur ijsf``lcj brkjmc ``ra`utstrufturj bbhijkrmhi w`rc( Irbs jh rmjt o`jt hb cmj rjæhsjms`jh ijpluf w`rc
jh o`jt kja``rlmf cr``i wjjs v``r bbhwjhcmhi(
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>>1
9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
^ljis rjiumt stuffj irbs ` rmjt ojt ljhitjs vbh 945 oo t`t 2 5;5 oo jh cjurshjæ vbh 2;5 t`t 2:5 oo w`rc ijkrumf jh o`jt i`jc “ijfbo‟ jh vry vbh klbrj wjjs(
Ojt`cj vbh vbsajitmhi Tbffuhcmij rmjtcbfwjrfjrs o`jt ijkrumf w`rc vmr cmj vbsajitmhi vbh rmjtcbffj(^pbhhj kjstbbh ijw``hlmf umt vmjr wjrfjrs „ jjh `o cmj k`hcjls hb cmj twjjwjrfjrs k`/`p cmj cbf `p tj i``m jh h`i ”h wjrfjr bbh cmj kmhhjfbht `o cmj
kmhccrbbc ` /t`u tjrui tj st``t(
Cmj kjstj k`hcjls w`rc bs `hcjrlbbi ijkrumf `o ”h sf``h jh hjtgmjsj v``rf`osbbh cmj kmhhjfbht ijj( Cmj stumfjhtj vbh cmj k`hcjls w`rc ijlyf ijstbop `p ”hstbopk`rc, wbt `f vjrsjfjr cbt jhmij sfjrp puhtj oijkumi w`rc(K`hcjls irbs ojt cmj stumfjhtj hb `hcjr w`rc vbhb jjh rbhc ijlç, pbrblljl bbh cmjcbfspbrrj !fbppblj-(
K`hcjls w`rc ky cmj ``rabhi ojt t`u ijsfmf vmr irbscbffj jh 9: oo umtojfbbrbbh cmj twjjcj cbflbt vbh `hcjr vbsijkmhc( Cmj cbbr`pv`lijhcj k`hcjls w`rc cbhojt kmhccrbbc bbh cmj fbppblj vbsijobbf(
Ybbr cmj fbppj „ ijw``hlmf r`hcj, kjabhcjlcj pblj „ kyojfbbr f`o, w`rc aullj vbsijk`ut, s` ``f cmj a`rms`htblj abhjkblfj( Cbfcjffjrs vjrfmjs ijw``hlmf `o sjl cmj lbttj tjjh cmj fbppj vbs tj spyfjr `o cmj kjstj spbsmærmhi vmr cmj kjpbblcj ljhitjs
vbh cmj rmjt ` irbs tj fry(
T``rcjlj• ms f`jl mh cmj s`ojr jh wbro mh cmj wmhtjr• ms umtjrs ijsfmf vmr cbffj ojt `hrjælobtmij pr`jlj jh sbojstjllmhi jh vjrt``h
ojjr “`ribhmjs‟(• kjh`cmi omhcjr a`ut mh cmj cbfstruftuur• kjh`cmi ijw``hlmf ijjh plb`hhj hmj(
Hbcjlj• ms umtjrs vbtkbbr vmr krbhc, jh o`jt v``r ijkrumf ojt krbhckjstbhcj najomfblmjæ
kjabhcjl w`rc(• ms cuurcjr o bbh tj krmhi bs ijw`hj cbffj `ocbt cjfwjrf ”h brkjmcs/
mhtjhsmjwj pr`sjs ms• vjrjms ojjr mhstbhca`ucmhi(• ms fwjskbbr vmr vjrr`ttmhi `ocbt cmt ”h ribhmjsj obtjrmbbl ms, jh• h`fkjcjffmhis o`jt ijw``hlmf jlfj vmjr t`t sjs gbbr pijfhbp w`rc(
Dmiuur 9(2427 Cmj kmhhjfbht vbh ”h irbscbf !Kr`h7 Sabtna iumcj7 YHH[-
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>>=
F`hstrufsmj 9
Bftmwmtjmt 29
2( H`jo cmj abhcijrjjcsfbp wbt h`cmi ms o tr`ipr`jlplbtj !MK[- `p ”hcbf tj mhstblljjr( Tjrcumcjlmf ``f wbbrv``r jlfj ijrjjcsfbpstuf ijkrumf ibbh w`rc(
;( Ybttjr vjmlmiajmcsobbtrjæls o`jt mh ijcbitj ija`u w`rc bs cmj cbfplbtj`pijays w`rc0>( >(2 Ybttjr s``rt cbfkjcjffmhi sbl ijsfmf wjjs vmr ”h r`hcbwjl0
>(; Ybbr`o ms cmt ijsfmf03( Cmj ajllmhi vbh ”h cbf ms sjwj irbcj( Ybttjr s``rt cbfkjcjffmhi ms ijsfmf vmr
amjrcmj ajllmhi03( Ybbr`o o`jt cmj h`ftjællbt ;: oo vbhb cmj h`f vbsijfbp w`rc0:( Ybbr`o ms cmj v`jttjællbt a`ær bs cmj bhcjr tjællbttj mh ”h tjælcbf04( Ybt ms cmj c`jl vbh cmj hj`prjjhwbstjrs ky cbfsfr`jwj09( Ybbr w`rc v`jisf`rtj bbhijkrmhi wbhhjjr stbblcbfkjcjffmhi ijkrumf
w`rc01( ”h Fljmtjjl sj bojtmhis ms 35: oo Ù ;15 oo( Cmj vjrvbbrcmijrs cum bbh cbt
cmj tjjls ”h ``rabhi vbh 9: oo o`jt aç( Kjrjfjh cmj bstbhcj tussjh cmjsjhtjrs vbh cmj tjællbttj(
=( ”h Mhabbftjæl sj bojtmhis ms 3;5 oo Ù >>> oo( Ybhhjjr cmt ijàhstblljjrw`rc o`jt cmt ”h ``rabhi vbh 45 oo aç( Kjrjfjh cmj bstbhc tussjh cmjsjhtjrs vbh cmj tjællbttj(
25( Ybttjr tmpj h`fkjcjffmhi w`rc ky ”h r`hccbwjl ijkrumf022( H`jo twjj v``rcjlj jh twjj hbcjlj vbh7
22(2 Kjt`htjæls22(; MK[/cbfplbtj22(> Iji`lcj smhfplbbt22(3 Irbscbffj
Ybtjrcmitmhi
Mhljmcmhi Cbbr ms kbmj wbtjr `hcjrir`hcs, vjrbl mh cmj rjæhsjms`jh, jh bs cmt rjæh crmhi wbtjr cmjk`fbhtj vbh ourj mh, ` sypjl cjur frbfj, sfr`jibtj ` sfjurj mh cbfkjcjffmhis( Cjlj
vbh ijk`uj wbt `hcjrir`hcs ms, ms cbh cjuribbhs mh f`htbf ojt cmj ir hcwbtjr jh cmt vjr` rsbbf v`i wbt cjur fbpmllçrj bfsmj mh cmj ouur `pstyi(
Ky cmj ojjstj ijk`uj w`rc cmj styimhi vbh v`i mh cmj ourj vjra`jc cjur ”h lbbi
plbstmjfojokrbbh bs v`iwjjrlbbi !TYLCUN- `hcjr cmj ourj tj plbbs v``rcbt vjrcjr cbbr`p ijk`u w`rc(
T`iwjjrlbj7Amjrcmj obtjrmbbl7• o`jt cuursbbo wjjs• v`lf`oj wbtjrcmi wjjs• stjrf ijh`ji wjjs `o ijwmi tj crb s`hcjr `o tj sfjur ` ljf • o`jt kjstbhc wjjs tjjh vjrwjrmhi• o`jt kjstbhc wjjs tjjh tjromjtj, fhbbicmjrj, kbftjrmjæ jh swbooj• obi hmj cmj stbkmlmtjmt vbh cmj ijk`u kjhbcjjl hmj
Obtjrmbbl wbt vmr v`iwjrmhi ijkrumf w`rc7• U`lmtjjh „ ”h kbmj stjrf plbstmjf, ijw``hlmf swbrt vbh fljur6 obi hmj cuhhjr bs
5,>1 oo wjjs hmj
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>3
9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
• Sjjr „ kmtuojhjusj v`iwjrmhi f`o v``r mh r`llj vbh vjrsfmlljhcj krjjctjs6wjjsjl vbh pbpmjr, vmlt jh i`mmhi w`rc ojt tjjr cjurcrjhf6 sfjur obflmf(
• “Oblta`mc‟ !bsblt- „ wjjsjlr`llj wbt ojt ”h s``rt pmf kjabhcjl ms6 frbbf bs cmtsfjrp kumi jh ms kbmj cuur6 ^BH^ ;=1 spjsmsjjr obstmjfbsblt vmr wbtjrtjhfs(
• Tjllj l``c mh vjrsfmlljhcj cmftjs6 w`rc mh obssb vjrf``p6 kumisbbo jh w`rcojjstbl ijkrumf `o cbffj tj sjjl6 kbmj cuur(
• F`pjrvjllj „ kbmj cuur jh w`rc mh vjllj vjrf``p6 w`rc `p cbffj ijkrumf vmr ”h
kbmj kjs`hcjrsj v``rf`os6 sjlcj ijkrumf wjjhs cmj prys(• UjrobDljx „ vl`jmkbrj p`lmojjr wbt st`l t`t rjfkbrj st wbhhjjr ojt ”h
fbtblmsbt`r ijojhi w`rc(• C`opjlp`opj „ mh ijkmjcj wbbr cbbr kbmj ir`hcwbtjr ms(
Ybtjrcmitmhi vbh kjt`hvl`jrjMs`ljjr bltyc ”h kjt`hvl`jr `p ir`hcvlbf cjur ”h i`jmj TYL !5,;: oo- cbbr`hcjr tj
lç „ cmt vjra`jc fbpmllçrj styimhi vbh v`i umt cmj ir`hc(• Cmj iuur amjr`hcjr wys cmj TYL mh vjra`ucmhi ojt cmj vl`jr(
Dmiuur 9(24;7 Ybtjrcmitmhi vbh kjt`hvl`jrj
• @p cjurhbt ir`hc o`jt cmj v`jæ vbh TYL/vjllj bltyc vjrsjæl w`rc(• Fry mhlmitmhi ``r t`jstbhcj wbt kbmj hbt ms jh wbbr cmj `hcbsmj `hcjr cmj
hbtuurlmfj ir`hcvlbf sbl stbbh(
T`iwjrmhi vbh ourj `p ir`hcvlbf • TYL o`jt mh bllj kumtjourj ijkrumf w`rc(• Ulbbs cmt tussjh twjj pljmstjrlbj, hmj tussjh kbfstjhj hmj(• Lç a`rms`htbbl s`cbt cmt omhstjhs : oo `r kumtjourj umtstjjf(• TYL o`jt omhstjhs ;55 oo k`fbht cmj bijwjrftj ir`hca``itj ijlç w`rc,
sjls a`ær bs ir`hc tjjh ourj fbh `pa``p(• Cmj fbhtj vbh TYL o`jt h``mt ojt pljmstjr ` cbiab kjcjf w rc hmj(
T`iwjjrlbbi
Cukkjlvjrcmjpmhi/str``f`hcbsmj
Cukkjlouur/str``f`hcbsmj
^p`uouur`hcbsmj
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F`hstrufsmj 9
[jiulbsmjs rbfjhcj TYL ky sp`uourjMh sp`uourj o`jt7• T`iwjjrlbj k` bllj vjhstjr/ jh cjur`pjhmhij bbhijkrmhi w rc bs cmj
cbf``rabhi omhcjr bs 9:5 oo ms jh cmj bstbhc tussjh cmj ouurplbbt jh cmjk`fbht vbh cmj vjhstjr/ ` cjurf`syh omhcjr bs 955 oo ms(
• T`iwjjrlbj `hcjr bllj vjhstjrkbhfj bbhijkrmhi w`rc(• T`iwjjrlbj mh sp`uourj ``r cmj v`llj krjjctj, mhslumtjhcj cmj a`ltj, vbh cmj
ouur strjf(• T`iwjjrlbj 255 oo vjrky cmj cbiwbhij strjf(• Cmj a`ltj ky cmj v`iwjjrlbbi ojt o`rtjl t`t `hcjr cmj v`iwjjrlbbi
`pijvul w`rc(• Cmj v`iwjjrlbbi bbh cmj kmhhjwbhc vbh cmj sp`uouur o`jt a`ær wjjs bs ky cmj
kumtjwbhc !trbpv`romi-(• Cmj a`ltj vbh cmj sp`uouur o`jt 2:5 oo hcjrfbht cmj v`iwjjrlbbi wjjs(• ^yjribtj, mhcmjh h`cmi, mh cmj kumtjwbhc vbh jlfj sp`uouur p tussjhbstbhcj
vbh a``istjhs jjh ojtjr bbhijkrmhi w`rc(• ^`ri ijcrb w rc cbt v`iwjjrlbj hmj sfjur kjsfbcmi w`rc hmj(
Ybtjrcmitmhi vbh cbffj !k`rswjrmhiourj-“^jbl`jx‟Amjrcmj wbtjrcmitmhismstjjo kjstbbh umt ”h ojokrbbh jh ”h p`lmæstjr(• Cmj ojokrbbh w`rc ijlç jh ojt ”h bfrmjl/joulsmj ijvjr(• Cmj bfrmjl crmhi cmjp mh ir`jwj jh p`rmjæ mh(• Lmitjr ojokrbbh w`rc ijkrumf `o ouurfrbfj tj sjæl, • Cmffjr ojokrbbh w`rc vmr cmj syfbhtj vbh k`rswjrmhiourj ijkrumf(
Tjsjlilbs !Jhi( “I[U‟ krjilbss-• Ulbbs ijwjjcj vjsjlilbsojokrbbh k`/`p cmj cr æ k`rswjrmhiouur(• ^`ri cbt cmt cmj ajlj k`fbht vbh cmj ouur kjcjf w`rc(• Ojhi abrs !Jhi7 “rjsmh‟- ojt fbtblmsbt`r jh cjurwjjf vjsjlilbsojokrbbh cbbrojj(• C`jh cmjsjlcj bbh cmj k`rswjrmhifbhtj, obbr k`u cmj vjsjlilbsojokrbbh twjj
stjjhlbj vbh k` b mh(• Cmj vjsjlilbsojokrbbh o`jt hb hcjr t t ``r cmj cbftjæls smhplbtj rjmf jh
o`jt cbbr ojt abrs cjurwjjf w`rc(
Dmiuur 9(24>7 Tjsjlilbs/wbtjrcmitmhi
Iji`tj kjt`hfbppjUlbbs jjrs ”h TYL k`/`p cmj k`rswjrmhiouur(Ulbbs ”h lbbi stjrf o`rtjl k`/`p cmj TYL(Cruf cmj kjt`hfbp wbt jwj krjjc bs cmj ouur ms mh cmj hbt o`rtjl(Cmj kjt`hfbppj ms kjsfmfkbbr mh krjjctjs vbh >95 oo jh ;;; oo(
^mjrv`jisf`rtj vbh vjsjlilbs
Tjsjlilbsojokrbbh
Jhfjlajllmhicbf jhvjsjlilbsojokrbbh t`tky k`rswjrmhi
Sruss
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>3;
9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Dmiuur 9(2437 Ybtjrcmitmhi vbh cbffj
“S`rna/`h‟/stjlsjl• Cmt ms ”h stjlsjl wbt kbmj ijkrumf w rc `p k`rswjrmhiourj jh sjl plbtcbffj(
Cmt kjvbt p`lmojrj, pmiojhtj, vjrwjrftj kmtuojh jh wjjrkjstbhcjp`lmæstjrvjrstjrfmhis, `o struftuurkjwjimhi fbh bks`rkjjr(
• Ojokrbbh cjurtrjf ojt kmtuojh !pmf- w`rc `r cmj k`rswjrmhisouur t`t ``rcmj cbftjæls ` /plbtj ijabhi(
• Cmj ojokrbbh w`rc ojt ”h klbbslbop vjramt jh ojt ”h tr`jl umtijstryf(
• Cmj vjrwbrocj pmf pjhjtrjjr cmj p`rmjæ jh fl`u bbh cmj tjæls cbfplbtj(• Tjr cmj ojokrbbh wmt smlwjr `o cmj pmf tj kjsfjro hbcbt cmt bbhijwjhc ms(
Dmiuur 9(24:7 Tjr vbh kmtuojh/ojokrbbh
L``cvjlljL``cvjllj kumi obflmf `o fbhtj jh mh a`jf, wbt cmt mcjbbl obbf vmr cmj wbtjrcmitmhi
vbh cbffj jh k`rswjrmhis( Ajlj cbffj ms mh cmj vjrljcj cbbrojj ijcjf `ocbt cmt s`kjstbhc tjjh f`rr`smj ms, obbr vbhcbi w`rc cmt sjlcj ijkrumf wjjhs cmj prys jh ``f `ocbt cmt immi ms jh cmj `oijwmhi kjs`jcjl(L``c w`rc ijlbs cjur cmt tj s`lcjjr, obbr cmt ms o`jmlmf jh ijvbbrlmf(
Ybtjrcmitmhi vbh ”h fjlcjr
”h Fjlcjr mh ”h ijkmjc ojt ”h a`æ wbtjrtbjl fbh kbmj obflmf v`l syjrwbtjr l``p jhcmt ms umtjrs o`jmlmf `o cmt wbtjrcmi jh wbtjrvry tj obbf jh tj a`u( Bs ”h ijk`u `pir`hc ojt ”h a`æ wbtjrtbjl ijk`u w`rc, o`jt cmj struftuur vbh cmj kjimh b ojtspjsmblj s`ri wbtjrcmi ijk`u w`rc(
^tyijhcj v`i fbh pr`kljoj vjr``rsbbf, s``s flbo f`llj bbh ourj, cmj bc`p vbh vjr ` plbfpbpmjr jh umtjmhcjlmf pljmstjr wbt wjivbl vbh cmj ouur( @p cmj lbhicuur fbh cmt sjls ljm t`t strufturjlj sfbcj bbh cmj ijk`u( @ocbt cmj fjlcjr ``f ijw``hlmf cjjl umtobbf vbh cmj `hcbsmj vbh ”h ijk`u, o`jt cmt ``f s` ijk`u w`rccbt cmj umtwjrfmhi vbh ir`hcwbtjr cbbr`p, wbt cmj ajlj struftuur fbh vjrswbf,kjfbop w`rc(
^`utj jh surj mh ir`hcwbtjr vbl cmj sjojht jh o`rtjl tussjh cmj stjhj jh kbfstjhjjh mh ouurpljmstjr bbh( Amjrcmj s`utj f`okmhjjr ``f ojt v`i mh cmj lui jh
vjr``rsbbf cbt ojssjlwjrf vjrfruoojl jh strufturj vjrswbf w`rc(
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>3>
F`hstrufsmj 9
Cbbr fbh vjrsfjmj rjcjs wjjs wbbr`o fjlcjrs hmj wbtjrcmi ms hmj jh cmjblijojjhstjs ms7• v`iwjjrlbj wbt hmj rji bbhijkrmhi ms hmj• cmj k`ujr ajt vjrijjt `o ”h TYL bbh tj krmhi(• cmj ``rspr`hflmfj TYL ljf bs ijv`li vbh mhsbffmhi vbh cmj ijk`u, vmkrbsmjs vbh
vjrkyibbhcj vjrfjjr ` blijojhj k`cjocblmhi(
Cmj jjrstj stbp ms `o wbtjr s` vjr o``htlmf wji tj a`u vbh cmj ijk`u sj `hcbsmj7• irbwj ”h sl``t cmrjf hcjr bv`jrpypj vjrkmhc ojt ”h 225 oo UTN pyp t t
`otrjht 2,: ojtjr wji vbh cmj ouur(• vul frbfj jh ibtj mh cmj kjt`hourj jh vl`jrj ojt amcr`ulmjsj sjojht• pljmstjr wbtjrcmitj sjojhtpljmstjr bbh cmj kmhhjfbht vbh cmj fjlcjrourj• k`u cmj fjlcjr ojt ”h struftuurouur bbh cmj kumtjfbht jh ”h fjjrouur kmhhj• v`jr v`i wbt kmhhjcrmhi ojt ”h fbhbbl tussjh cmj ouur wji• ljm cmj wbtjr hb kumtj, p`op cmt ojt ”h jljftrmjsj c`opjlp`op mh ”h wbtjrcmitj
smhfput umt• ijkrumf ojokrbbhvjllj bbh cmj kumtjfbht vbh cmj fjjrouur fjlcjrouur jh
`hcjr cmj fjlcjrvl`jr
• fjjr cbt tjruivullmhi hmj cmj ojokrbbh kjsfbcmi hmj• lbbt bv`jrpypj vjr vbh cmj ijk`u umtl``p jh irbwj suisl`tj r hc`o cmj ijk`u
`o rjæhwbtjr b tj v`jr• suivullmhi o`jt mh cmj sl tj ijplbbs w`rc, jh suirm lpypj fbh `f cbbrmh ijplbbs w`rc(
Dmiuur 9(2447 Ybtjrcmitmhi bbh cmj kumtjfbht vbh ”h fjlcjouur
Fjlcjr
TYL
^p`uvullmhiT`iwjrmhi
Ir`hcvlbf
^tjhj
^bhclbbi
^uivullmhi
Uumhvullmhi
^uirm``l
Sjruivullmhi
Uljmstjr
^tjhj
TYL
TYL
TYL
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9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Ybtjrcmitmhi fbh ``f vbh kmhhj bbhijwjhc w`rc, obbr cmt ms o`jmlmf bs cmjfjlcjrourj rjjcs hbt ms( Cmj pr`cuf UjrobDljx „ vl`jmkbrj rukkjr wbt cjur ”hfbtblmsbt`r ijst`l w`rc „ ms umtjrs c`jltrjjhc jh fbh s``s v`li bbhijwjhc w`rc7• vjrlmi jjrs amcr`stbtmjsj cruf cjur ibtj tj k``r mh `hcbojhtj vbh sjojhtkl`ffj• vjrwycjr vjr wbt bsfmljr jh l`s obtjrmbbl umt frbfj ` k`rsjl cmj ourj ojt ”h
stbblk`rsjl• vul cmj hbtj, frbfj, ibtj jh ir`wwj brjbs ojt vl`jmkbrj UjrobDljx/rukkjr
• cmj rukkjrkbsms w rc ojt ”h bftmvjjrcjr ijojhi jh st`l mh ibtj jh frbfj• plbbs ”h lbbi UjrobDljx wbbr cmj fjlcjrouur cmj vl`jr `hto`jt• kjt`hkl`fourj o`jt crmj lbj UjrobDljx fry `ocbt aullj s` p`rjus ms
UjrobDljx kmjc vjrsfjmj v``rcjlj7• cmt fbh obflmf bbhijobbf w`rc• cmt ms vl`jmkbbr jh obflmf `o bbh tj wjhc• bs cmt st`l, kmhc cmt ojt sjojht, kjt`h, a`ut, plbstmjf, ojtbbl jh sjojht• cmt fbh bbhijsojjr, bbhijr`l ` ijspumt w`rc(• cmt kly kumisbbo jh cr``i hmj umt hmj• cmt ms tbbm jh pjhjtrjjr cmjp mh frbfj(
• cmt ms hmj vlbokbbr mh jhmij v`ro hmj
Bftmwmtjmt 21
Tjrcumcjlmf a`j gy ”h fjlcjrvjrtrjf wbt ijcurmi hbt ms, wbtjrcmi sbl obbf([bbcpljji cmj k`ujrs mh g`u `oijwmhi, jh c`jh ``f vjrcjrj hbv`rsmhi(
S jts `o tj kjpbbl wbttjr obtjrmbbl cmj ijsfmfstj ms vmr wbtjrcmitmhi(2( Ulbbs ”h sjojhtkbfstjjh `p sy plbt fbht mh ”h kbf(
;( Tul cmj kbf ojt wbtjr t`t hjt `hcjr cmj k`fbht vbh cmj kbfstjjh(>( Yjji ”h twjjcj kbfstjjh, jh sfry sy cr`æ ijwmi hjjr(3( Ulbbs vjrsfmlljhcj obtjrmblj k`/`p cmj kbfstjjh mh cmj wbtjr, jh smt cmj
kbfstjjh wbbrvbh gy cmj cr`æijwmi hjjrijsfry ajt, `p cmj cmitmhisobtjrmbbl(Lbbt stbbh vmr ;3 uur(
:( Yjji cmj kbfstjjh jh sfry cmt hjjr(4( Cmj t`jts o`jt ojt bl cmj cmitmhisobtjrmblj ijc`jh w rc(9( Ybttjr obtjrmbbl ajt cmj omhstj v`i cjurijlbbt01( Tjrcumcjlmf a`j gy ky g`u bhtw``rc umtijf`o ajt
Obtjrmbbl Cr`æ ijwmi vbh kbfstjjh Ijwmi vbh kbfstjjh hb ;3 uur
Ubpmjr
Fbrt`h
Ljjr
Ulbstmjf
Lbbistj ijwmi vbh kbfstjjh Cmitmhisobtjrmbbl
Ijkrumf cmj tbkjl amjrk` vmr g`u jfspjrmojht(
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>3:
F`hstrufsmj 9
Bdwjrfmhi
Sjælwjrf
@hs ajt rjjcs mh Irbbc 22 ojt amjrcmj s``rt wjrf fjhhms ijobbf( @hs ibbh amjrfyf hb tjæls bbh ourj jh vl`jrj( !Ljjs ojjr ``r tjælwjrf mh cmj Irbbc 22/k`jf(-
Cmj pbtr`hj wbbrv`lijhs tjæls ijlç w`rc, ms cmj jmjhbbr vbh cmj ijk`u sj fjusj, obbrcmj tjælwjrf sjl ms cmj k`ujr sj vjrbhtw``rcjlmfajmc(
Sjæls fbh kmhhjhsaums ` mh cmj kumtjlui ijkrumf w`rc, obbr o`jt cbh vbh cmj rjitjobtjrmbbl wjjs jh ``f ojt cmj rjitj fljjomccjl ijlç w`rc(
Amjr ms s`oomij vbh cmj blijojjhstj s``rt tjælobtjrmblj7• UTN, vmhmjl ` bhcjr s``rtj plbstmjf • Fjrbomjf !ijkbftj fljm-• A`utkl`ffmjs• Sjfstmjl !obt-, jh ijshycj hbtuurlmfj flmp
Cmj tjælpr`sjsCmj f`rrjftj v``rkjrjmcmhi vbh cmj sukstrbbt !vl`jr`ppjrvlbf- wbbr`p tjæls ijlço`jt w`rc, ms vbh frmtmjfj kjlbhi( @hs hjjo bbh cbt cmj k`ujr ”h ilbccj, stjwmij jhijlyf klbc ijobbf ajt jh ibbh cbh s` tj wjrf7
^tbp 27Obbf cmj vl`jr`ppjrvlbf cjjilmf sf``h( Bllj st`, k`upumh jh bhcjr obtjrmbbl o`jtbijspumt, ijk`rsjl, ijfrbp ` ijvjj w`rc `o ”h ijsfmftj `ppjrvlbf tj fry(
^tbp ;7
Kjpbbl cmj omccjlpuht vbh cmj vjrtrjf cjur bl vmjr tjjh``rstbbhcj a`jfj ojt cmjaulp vbh ”h frytlyh tj vjrkmhc( ^fmjt ` shbp cmj cmbi`hblj lyhj „ wbbr aullj frums mscmj omccjlpuht( ^tbp >7Lç jjrs cmj tjæl s`hcjr `o jhmij fljjomccjl ` sjojht tj ijkrumf( Amjrcmj si( “cr`æl`pmj‟ ms `o cmj cbtuolyhj tj kjpbbl wbbrlbhis cmj cmj jjrstj ryj tjæls ijlç ibbhw`rc jh ``f cmj spbsmjs tussjh cmj tjæls wbbr cmj kryvullmhi !Jhi7 ir`ut- bbhijwjhcibbh w`rc(
^tbp 37
^fmjt vjrv`lijhs ”h bccmsm`hjlj fblflyh cmj krjjctj vbh ”h tjæl umt t`t jh ky jlfjouur( Cmt sbl ajlp `o cmj tjælplbsmhi pjrjf rjiumt tj fry( Lç tjæls jh bstbhc t`t cmjplbsmhi f`rrjf ms(
^tbp :7Ojhi tjælsjojhtIjkrumf ”h sjlojhio`rtjl vmr cmj tjælmhstbllbsmj( Sbp jjrs wbtjr mh ”h joojr jh
v`ji bitjrhb cmj ojhijsjl o`rtjl mh jh kjimh ojhi( Ojhi t t ”h r ojrmij tjfstuur vjrfry ms( Lbbt cmt stbbh vmr `hijvjjr 25 omhutj(
^tbp 47^ojjr ` t`jcmjh vbh r`ojrmij sjojht(
^ojjr cmj ojhisjl `p cmj vl`jr jh ijkrumf ”h pbtr`hjtr`jl ` iljur`jl `o ”hjiblmij lbbi vbh cmj tjælsjojht tj vjrfry( Yjrf mh fljmh ijcjjltjs vbh cmj tjælsjojht`o tj vjsjfjr cbt cmt hmj tj cr``i rbbf hmj(
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>34
9 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
^tbp 97Ulbbs cmj tjælsUlbbs ` cruf cmj tjæls mh pljf( Ijkrumf ”h rukkjrabojr `o cmj tjæl ijlyf tj fry(Lç jjh tjæl `p ”h slbi bbh kjmcj fbhtj vbh cmj jjrstj jjh( ^pbsmjjr f`rrjf vmr cmjkryvullmhi( Ulbbs spbsmjjrcjrs mhcmjh h`cmi `o cmj tjæls jwj vjr vbh ojfbbr tj a`u( ^tbp 17
^hy vbh bvbltjæls(Ybhhjjr gy tjjh ”h ouur f`o wbbr ”h stbhcbbrc tjæl hmj sbl pbs hmj, ojrf jhshy ojt ”h stbhcbbrc tjælshyjr( Bs gy hmj ”h tjæl shyjr ajt hmj, ojrf cmj tjæls jh ”htjælvjrsfbjr fbh cmt cbh v``r mhstblljrmhi shy( ^tbp =7Ulbbs cmj bstbhc(Ybhhjjr bl cmj tjælwjrf v`lt``m ms, lbbt t`j cbt cmj tjæls mh pljf cr``i w`rc vmr ”h cbi` twjj v``r cmj kryvullmhi ijc`jh( ^tbp 257
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>42
^mvmjlj Cmjhstj 1
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>4;
1 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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Dmiuur 1(>7 Cukkjl`pwbskbf ojt wbtjrpypj jh frbhj
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^mvmjlj Cmjhstj 1
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Ybro jh f`uj wbtjr hb cmj kbc
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Dmiuur 1(47
F`uj wbtjr hb cmj sp`jlkbf
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>43
1 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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F`pjr
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HbcjljF`pjr ms7• Kbmj cuur(• Hmj kjstbhc tjjh wbtjr ojt a`æ suurvlbffj hmj(• ^`os obtmi t`fsmjs p cmj lbhi cuur, `f wjjhs l``cs`lcjjrsjl(
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>4:
^mvmjlj Cmjhstj 1
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• O`jmlmf `o vbh r js `htslbj tj rbbf bs cmt jjrs ijv`ro ajt(
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• Tjjlsycmi, w`rc ijkrumf vmr rm`lj, obhibtj, st`rowbtjr/ jh `htluipypj(• Kjstbhc tjjh a`æ cruf/ jh trjfspbhhmhi(• Kjstbhc tjjh swbbr vjrfjjr, vjrwjrmhi jh umtjrstj amttj jh f`uj(• F`rr`smjkjstbhc(• Kjstbhc tjjh umtsjttmhi jh mhfrmopmhi(
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>44
1 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Aumsa`umcjlmfj wbrowbtjr
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Mhstbhca`ucmhi vbh ijmsjrs
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• Cmj crjmhjjrfrbbh o`jt ijkrumf w`rc `o bsbfsjls vbh tyc t`t tyc b tj tbp(• Ybtjr ojt a`æ fblfmha`uc fbh pypj lbbt bbhpbf / obbf cmj stjlsjl sf``h `obbhfblfmhi tj vjrwycjr(
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>49
^mvmjlj Cmjhstj 1
• ^tjl cmj tjro`stbbt `p ::µ t`t 45µ vmr aumsa`ucjlmfj ijkrumf `o frbi tj kjspbbr(• Obbf sjfjr cbt cmj umtsmtpyp bltyc sf``h jh ajjl ms(• Ms`ljjr g`u wbrowbtjrstjlsjl `o amttjvjrlmjs tj v``rf`o(
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>95
1 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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Dmiuur 1(227 @hbabhflmfj s`hvjramttmhistjlsjl
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>92
^mvmjlj Cmjhstj 1
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>=1
= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
T``rkjjlc ;Cmj kumtjobtj vbh ”h ijk`u ms 25 155 oo ky 4 :55 oo ojt ”h w`ljhtcbf( Kjrjfjhcmj bbhtbl stjhj wbt h`cmi ms vmr cmj kblfvullmhi( Cmj kblfvullmhi ms ;;: oo a``i(
@pl`ssmhi
^tbppj B K N C
Kjrjfjh cmj abrtlyh vmrcmj kblfvullmhi
Kblfvullmhi7Abrtlyh7;25 155 ? ;2 455;4 :55 ? 2> 555S tbbl ? >3 455
Omhus7 3225Abrtlyh ms >3, 24 o lbhf
Kjrjfjh cmj `ppjrvlbftj vbh cmj kblfvullmhisouurcjur cmj abrtlyh ojt cmja``itj vbh cmj kblfvullmhitj vjrojhmivulcmi(
2 >3,245,;;: 9,4= o;
@ppjrvlbftj vbh kblfvullmhi7A``itj kblfvullmhi ? ;;: oo
@ppjrvlbftj vbh ouur vmrkblfvullmhi ? 9,4= o;
Tjrojhmivulcmi cmj`ppjrvlbftj vbh cmjkblfvullmhisouur ojtcmj bbhtbl stjhj pjr
vmjrfbhtj ojtjr vmr ”hablstjjhouur(
2 9,4= o;
:5>1:stjhj
Bbhtbl stjhj7:5 stjhj pjr o» vmr ¿ stjjhouur
Cus ms >1: stjhj h`cmi vmr cmjkblfvullmhi
Ulb`hhj• Tmjr plb`hlbttj w`rc p 14 oo sjhtjrs rji`o cmj ourj bbhijkrmhi(• Impsfr``hlys vbh 9: oo Ù 9: oo w`rc vmr impsplb`hhj ijkrumf(• Ulb`hlbttj ms >1 oo Ù >1 oo bs sjhtjrs tussjh kmhckblfj omhcjr bs 2 555 oo
ms(• Ulb`hlbttj ms :5 oo Ù >1 oo bs sjhtjrs tussjh kmhckblfj tussjh 2 552 oo jh
2 ;55 oo ms(• Ulb`hlbttj ms :5 oo Ù :5 oo bs sjhtjrs tussjh kmhckblfj tussjh 2 ;55 oo jh
2 355 oo ms(• Cmj omhmouo ljhitj vbh impsplb`hk`rc ms ;,9 ojtjr(• Impsplb`hk`rc sj ljhitj hjjo t`j mh vjjlv`ucj vbh >55 oo t`t cmj obfsmouo
ljhitj vbh 3,1 ojtjr(• Impsplb`hk`rcj ms mh wyctjs vbh =55 oo jh 2 ;55 oo kjsfmfkbbr(• A`utcjfstr`fj 3: Ù 25 oo, ;5 oo ablr`hclystj ` ojtbblcjfstr`fj fbh
ijkrumf w`rc `o spbsmjs tussjh plb`hk`rc t`j tj obbf(• Cmj plb`hlbttj w`rc cwbrs ojt cmj cbffbppj vbsijfbp jh cmj plb`hk`rc wjjr
cwbrs ojt cmj plb`hlbttj(• Bs cmj bbhtbl plb`hlbttj kjrjfjh w`rc o`jt cbbr bltyc jjh plb hlbt kyijtjl
w`rc `o tj vjrsjfjr cbt cbbr twjj plb`hlbttj hbky cmj ourj ms(
• Bbhtbl plb`hlbttj ? Kmhhjobtj & 2 plb`hlbt Bstbhc tussjh sjhtjrs
• Cmj bbhtbl cjfstr`fj ms bltyc jjh omhcjr bs cmj ijtbl plb`hk`rcj6 bs cbbrkyv``rkjjlc crmj plb`hk`rcj ms, w`rc twjj cjfstr`fj kjh`cmi(
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>==
A`jvjjlajcj =
@o cmj obtjrmbbl vmr ”h plbd`h tj kjrjfjh
Tmr cmj kjrjfjhmhi vbh cmj a`jvjjlajmc obtjrmbbl vmr ”h plb`h w`rc sljis cmjkmhhjobtj ijkrumf(
T``rkjjlc >”h [jia`jfmij jjhvjrtrjfijk`u ojt kumtjobtj vbh 4 935 oo Ù : ;35 oo o`jt`pijrmi jh vbh ”h plb`h v``rsmjh w`rc(
Kjrjfjh72( Cmj `ppjrvlbftj plb`hk`rc h`cmi(;( Cmj bbhtbl plb`hk`rcj h`cmi(>( Cmj t`tblj ljhitj ojtjr plb`hlbttj h`cmi(3( Cmj t`tblj ljhitj fr `hlys h`cmi(:( Cmj t`tblj ljhitj cjfstr`fj h`cmi(
^pjsmdfbsmjsBllj ourj ms ;;5 oo cmf(
Cmj krjjctj vbh cmj plb`hk`rc ms =55 oo(Cmj bstbhc tussjh cmj sjhtjrs vbh cmj plb`hlbttj ms 3:5 oo(
@pl`ssmhi
^tbppj B K N C
Kjpbbl cmj kmhhjobtj!mhcmjh cmt hkjfjhc ms-cjur cmj cmftj vbh cmj ourj
vbh cmj kumtjobtj b tj trjf(
Ulb`hk`rcj7Kmhhjobtj74 935 „ ;;;5 ? 4 9:3 „ 335 ?4 >55 oo: ;35 „ ;;;5 ? : ;35 „ 335 ?3 155 oo
Kjrjfjh cmj `ppjrvlbftj vbh cmj plb`hk`rc kjh`cmi(Tjrojhmivulcmi cmjkmhhjobtj ojt ojfbbr
2 4,>3,1
>5,;3 o» >5,;3 o» plb hk rc w`rc kjh`cmi
Kjrjfjh cmj bbhtblplb`hk`rcj cjur cmjt`jpbslmfj kmhhjobbtcjur cmj krjjctj vbh cmjplb`hk`rc tj cjjl
Bbhtbl plb`hk`rcj74 >55
=55? 9 plb`hk`rcj vbh =55 oo Ù4,3 oo w`rc kjh`cmi
Kjrjfjh cmj bbhtbl
plb`hlbttj cjur cmjt`jpbslmfj kmhhjobbt cjurcmj bstbhc tussjh sjhtjrs tjcjjl( [`hc cmj bhtw``rc b t`t cmj hbbstj ajjlijtbl(
Bbhtbl plb`hlbttj7
3 1553:5
? 25, 44? 22? 22 & 2 !tjl bltyc jjh ky-? 2; plb`hlbttj
Kjrjfjh cmj t`tbljljhitj plb`hlbttj h`cmicjur bbhtbl plb`hlbttjojt cmj kmhhjobtj tj
vjrojhmivulcmi( Sjl t`tbljkyojfbbr vmr t`tblj ljhitj(
2;;
4,>3,1
9:,4 o=,4 o1:,; o
S tblj ojtjr plb`hlbttj h`cmi71:,; o plb`hlbttj w`rc kjh`cmi
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= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Kjrjfjh cmj ljhitjs vbhcmj fr``hlys cjur cmjkmhhjobtj ojt twjj tj
vjrojhmivulcmi( Sjl cbhcmj t`tblj kyojfbbr vmrcmj t`tblj ljhitj vbh cmjfr``hlys(
;;
4,>3,1
2;,4 o=,4 o;;,; o
Fr``hlys7;;,; o fr``hlys w`rc kjh`cmi
Kjpbbl cmj ljhitj vbhjjh cjfstr``f jh
vjrojhmivulcmi cmt ojt cmjbbhtbl cjfstr`fj kjh`cmi(
4 3,1 ;1,1 oCjfstr`fj !bltyc jjh omhcjr bs cmjbbhtbl plb`hk`rcj-7;1,1 o cjfstr`fj w`rc kjh`cmi
Bftmwmtjmt 2
2( H`jo cmj c`jl vbh jlfj f`l`o `p cmj vmjrf`l`o/cmojhsmjpbpmjr(
;( Cmj bstbhc tussjh cmj sjhtjrs vbh plb`hlbttj ms 3:5 oo( Kjrjfjh cmj bbhtbl
plb`hlbttj wbt kjh`cmi w`rc bs cmj t`jpbslmfj kmhhjobtj cmj v`lijhcj ms7;(2 3 :55 oo;(; 3 455 oo;(> 3 =55 oo
>( Cmj jjh jhtbbhsmi vbh cmj ijwjl vmr ”h ijwjlouur ojt ”h cjur w`rc ijt``h(
>(2 Sjfjh vryabhc cmj jhtbbhsmi mh g`u wjrfk`jf(>(; Sjfjh cbbrhb cmj vmjrf`l`o/cmojhsmjpbpmjr mh g`u wjrf k`jf(>(> Kjrjfjh cmj a`jvjjlajmc stjhj wbt kjh`cmi w`rc `o cmj ijwjlouur tj k`u(
>(3 Kjrjfjh a`jvjjl fukmjfj ojtjr pljmstjr h`cmi ms `o cmj ouur v` r jh bitjrtj pljmstjr bs cmj pljmstjr 2; oo cmf ms(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• Ijwjlouur ms ;;5 oo cmf jh mh stryfvjrkbhc ijk`u(• Hjjo :5 stjhj pjr vmjrfbhtj ojtjr vmr ”h ablstjjhouur(• Lbbt :* t`j vmr vjro`rsmhi(
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A`jvjjlajcj =
3( Cmj v``rbbhsmi vbh ”h k`rswjrmhiouur w`rc ijt``h(
3(2 Sjfjh vryabhc cmj jhtbbhsmi mh g`u wjrfk`jf(3(; Sjfjh cbbrhb cmj vmjrf`l`o/cmojhsmjpbpmjr mh g`u wjrfk`jf(
3(> Kjrjfjh cmj a`jvjjlajmc stjhj wbt kjh`cmi w`rc `o cmj k`rswjrmhisouurtj k`u(
3(3 Kjrjfjh a`jvjjl fukmjfj ojtjr pljmstjr h`cmi ms `o cmj ouur v` r jh bitjrtj pljmstjr bs cmj pljmstjr 2; oo cmf ms(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• K`rswjrmhisouur ms ;;5 oo cmf jh mh stryfvjrkbhc ijk`u(• Hjjo :5 stjhj pjr vmjrfbhtj ojtjr vmr ”h ablstjjhouur(
:( ”h Fbojr ojt kmhhjobtj 3 :55 Ù > 555 oo o`jt vbh ”h plb`h v``rsmjh w`rc(Kjrjfjh7:(2 Cmj `ppjrvlbftj plb`hk`rc h`cmi(:(; Cmj bbhtbl plb`hk`rcj h`cmi(:(> Cmj t`tblj ljhitj ojtjr plb hlbttj h`cmi(:(3 Cmj t`tblj ljhitj fr``hlys h`cmi(:(: Cmj t`tblj ljhitj cjfstr`fj h`cmi(
^pjsmdfbsmjs7Cmj krjjctj vbh cmj plb`hk`rc ms =55 oo(Cmj bstbhc tussjh cmj sjhtjrs vbh cmj plb`hlbttj ms 3:5 oo(
4( Cmj kumtjobtj vbh ”h ijk`u ojt ”h w ljhtcbf ms > ;55 oo Ù ; 955 oo(Kjrjfjh cmj a`jvjjlajmc stjhj wbt kjh`cmi w`rc bs cmj kblfvullmhi
295 oo a``i ms(
9( Cmj kmhhjobtj vbh ”h ijk`u ojt ”h ijwjlcbf ms 2> 315 oo Ù 25 315 oo(Kjrjfjh cmj a`jvjjlajmc stjhj wbt kjh`cmi w`rc bs cmj kblfvullmhi;;: oo a``i ms(
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35;
= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
@o obtjrmbbl vmr aumsj tj kjrjfjh bs cbbr kmhhja`jfj ms
S t cusvjr ms cmj obtjrmbbl vbh vl`jrplbhhj wbt rjia`jfmi ` vmjrfbhtmi wbskjrjfjh( Cmj a`jfj vbh cmj ourj wbs cus blobl kumtja`jfj( @o aums`htwjrpj sj
v``rf`os tj vjrkjtjr, ajt tbllj aumsj kumtj/ jh kmhhja`jfj s``s amjr`hcjr bbhijcumw`rc(
@o cmj obtjrmbbl vbh amjrcmj aumsj tj kjrjfjh, w`rc cmj ourj sljis hb kumtj vjrsfum wbt cbh wjjr ”h rjia`jf vmjrfbht sbl v`ro( Cmj h roblj stbppj w`rccbh wjjr ijv`li(
T``rkjjlcCmj vl`jrplbh vbh ”h stucjhtjw`hmhi w`rc ijt``h(2( Sjfjh vryabhc cmj vl`jrplbh mh g`u wjrfk`jf(;( Sjfjh cbbrhb cmj vmjr/f`l`o cmojhsmj/pbpmjr mh g`u wjrf k`jf(>( Kjrjfjh cmj a`jvjjlajmc stjhj h`cmi vmr cmj k`k`u(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs• Cmj ourj vbh cmj k`k`u ms ;;5 oo jh mh stryfvjrkbhc ijk`u(• Cmj kmhhjourj vbh cmj k`k`u ms 225 oo jh mh stryfvjrkbhc ijk`u(• A``itj vbh cmj k`k`u vbhb cmj hcbojht ms ; 955 oo(• @pjhmhi vmr cjurj ms ; 555 oo a``i jh =55 oo wyc(• Cmj vjhstjrs ms ; 555 oo Ù 2 :55 oo(• Hjjo :5 stjhj pjr vmjrfbhtj ojtjr vmr ”h ablstjjhouur(
@pl`ssmhi
B K N C
Abrtlyh vbh kumtjouur
;1 ::5 ? 29 255 oo
;4 445 ? 2> >;5 oo
S tbbl ? >5 3;5 oo
Omhus7 3;;5 ? 115
S tblj abrtlyh ? ;= :35 oo
; :
5 5
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35>
A`jvjjlajcj =
K`k`u /kumtjourj7
2 ;=,:3 S tblj abrtlyh ? ;=,:3 oo
;,9 9=,94 o» A``itj vbh ouur ? ; 955 oo
@ppjrvlbftj vbh ; 955 oo k`k`uouur ? 9=,94 o;
K`k`u „ kmhhjourj7
2 >,: S tblj ljhitj vbh kmhhjourj ? > :55 oo
;,9 =,3: o; A``itj vbh kmhhjourj ? ; 955 oo
@ppjrvlbftj vbh kmhhjourj ? =,3: o;
Tjhstjrs7
> ;,5 Tjhstjrs ? ; 555 Ù 2 :55
2,: =,5 o» @ppjrvlbftj vbh > vjhstjrs ? =,5 o»
Cjur7
2 ;,5 Cjur ? ; 555 oo Ù =55 oo
5,= 2,1 o» @ppjrvlbftj vbh cjurj ? 2,1 o»
S`tblj `ppjrvlbftj kumtjourj7
@pp( ouur „ pp( vjhstjrs „ `pp( cjurj
? 9=,94 o; „ =,5 „ 2,1 ? 41,=4 o;
S`tbbl stjhj vmr kumtjourj
; 41,=4 Ijtbl stjhj ? pp( vbh ouur Ù ijtbl stjhj pjr o»
:5 4 1=4 stjhj :5 stjhj pjr o» vmr ¿ stjjhouur
;;5 oo k`k`u ms ; ablstjjhourj
Cus ms cbbr 4 1=4 stjhj h`cmi vmr cmj kumtjourjS`tblj `ppjrvlbftj kmhhjourj
? @ppjrvlbftj vbh kmhhjouur „ pjrvlbftj vbh kmhhjcjur
? =,3: o; „ 2,1 o; ? 9,4: o;
S`tbbl stjhj vmr kmhhjourj
2 9,4: Ijtbl stjhj ? pp( vbh ouur Ù ijtbl stjhj pjr o»
:5 >1;,: stjhj :5 stjhj pjr o» vmr ¿ stjjhouur
Cus ms >1> stjhj h`cmi vmr cmj kumtjourj
S`tblj bbhtbl stjhj
^tjhj vmr kumtjourj & stjhj vmr kmhhjourj
? 4 1=4 & >1> ? 9 ;9= stjhj
Cus ms 9 ;9= stjhj h`cmi vmr cmj k`k`u
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353
= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
@o obtjrmbbl vmr cbffbppj jh cbfkjcjffmhi tj kjrjfjh
@o cmj t`tblj a`jvjjlajmc a`ut wbt kjh`cmi w`rc vmr cbffbpj tj kjrjfjh, w`rccmj bojtmhis vbh cmj `hcjrsfjmj `hcjrcjlj vbh cmj cbffbp ijijj( Mh cmj prbftyf o`jt cmt jjrs kjrjfjh w`rc v``rcbt cmj t`tblj a`jvjjlajmc a`ut wbt kjh`cmi w`rc,kjrjfjh fbh w`rc(
Cmj v`lijhcj o`jt mh ijcbitj ija`u w`rc bs cmj obtjrmbbl vmr ”h cbf kjrjfjh w`rc7• Cmj kmhhjobtj w`rc ijkrumf(• Cmj obfsmouo bstbhc tussjh cmj sjhtjrs vbh cbffbppj vmr tjæls ms 945 oo jh
vmr ojtbbl 2 ;55 oo(• Kjrjfjh cmj bbhtbl cbffbppj cjur cmj t`jpbslmfj kmhhjobbt cjur cmj bstbhc
tussjh cmj sjhtjrs tj cjjl(• [`hc cmj bhtw``rc b t`t cmj hbbstj ajjlijtbl jh tjl h`i jjh cbffbp ky(• Tjrojhmivulcmi cmj ljhitj vbh jlfj hcjrcjjl vbh cmj cbffbp ojt cmj bbhtbl
fbppj wbt kjh`cmi w`rc(• Sjl cmj vjrsfmlljhcj `hcjrcjlj sj t tblj ljhitjs kyojfbbr `o cmj t tblj ljhitj
a`ut tj kjrjfjh(
• @o tj vjrsjfjr cbt cmj wbtjr mh cmj ijut b``p o`jt cmj cbfkjcjffmhi t t mh cmjomccjl vbh cmj ijut l``p( Cbbr`o w`rc cbbr :5 oo ky cmj wbrj ljhitj vbh cmjcbfspbrfbpkjjh ijtjl `o cmj ljhitj vbh cmj cbfkjcjffmhi tj kjpbbl(
• @ocbt cbfplbtj jh bhcjr cbfkjcjffmhis k`/`p ojfbbr ijplbbs o`jt w`rc,w`rc cbbr hb twjj s``rtj krjjctjs vjrwys(
• Cmj t`tblj krjjctj ms cmj krjjctj wbbrmh cmt vjrvbbrcmi w`rc tjrwyl cmj cjfwyctjcmj bstbhc hâ ``rvljujlmhi v``rstjl(
• Kjrjfjh cmj bbhtbl h`fplbtj kjh`cmi, cjur cmj krjjctj vbh cmj cbf cjur cmjljhitj vbh jjh h`fplbbt tj cjjl(
Huttmij `rouljs7
Bbhtbl cbffbppj vmr ”h ijwjlcbf ? Kmhhjobbt & 2 cbffbp Bstbhc tussjh sjhtjrs
Ljhitj vbh cbfkjcjffmhi !cbfplbbt ` tjæls- ? ljhitj vbh cbfspbr & :5 oo
@ppjrvlbftj vbh cbfkjcjffmhi vmr ijwjlcbffj? Bstbhc tussjh ijwjlourj Ù ljhitj vbh cbfkjcjffmhi
Bbhtbl cbfplbtj ? Krjjctj vbh cbf Cjfwyctj vbh cbfplbbt
Bbhtbl h`fplbtj ? Krjjctj vbh cbf Ljhitj vbh h`fplbbt
T``rkjjlc 2Kjrjfjh cmj a`jvjjlajmc cbftjæls h`cmi bs cmj krjjctj vbh cmj cbf =,:31 o jh cmjwbrj bstbhc vbh cmj cbfspbr >,4: o ms(
Ljhitj wbt tjæls o`jt cjf ? > 4:5 oo & :5 oo !Sjl :5 oo ky vmr ``rabhi t t mhijut-
? > 955 oo
@ppjrvlbftj wbt ijtjæl o`jt w`rc ? =,:31 o Ù >,9 o? >:, >;1 o»? >4 o» ![`hc b t`t cmj v`lijhcj ajjlijtbl-
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35:
A`jvjjlajcj =
T``rkjjlc ;Cmj krjjctj vbh ”h cbf ms =,:31 o jh cmj cjfwyctj vbh cmj iji`lcj smhfplbbt ms425 oo( Kjrjfjh cmj bbhtbl cbfplbtj kjh`cmi(
Bbhtbl cbfplbtj ? Krjjctj vbh cbf
Cjfwyctj
? =,:31 o 5,42 o
? 2:,4:? 24 plbtj
Cbbr ms cus 24 plbtj bbh cmj jjh fbht vbh cmj cbf Mh t`tbbl sbl cbbr cus 24 & 24 ? >; plbtj kjh`cmi w`rc
T``rkjjlc >Kjrjfjh cmj bbhtbl h`fplbtj kjh`cmi bs cmj krjjctj vbh cmj cbf =,:31 o jh cmjljhitj vbh cmj h`fplbbt 2,1 o ms(
Bbhtbl h`fplbtj ? Krjjctj vbh cbf Ljhitj vbh h`fplbbt
? =,:31 o
2,1 o
? :,>? 4 h`fplbtj !r`hc b t`t cmj v`lijhcj ajjlijtbl-
T``rkjjlc 33( ”h Jjhvjrtrjf/w`hmhi ojt kumtjobtj 2> 215 oo Ù = :15 oo o`jt ojt ”h
ijwjljhtcbf pijrmi w`rc(
Kjrjfjh cmj72( Bbhtbl cbffbppj(;( S`tblj a`jvjjlajmc a`ut vmr cmj cbffbppj(>( A`ut vmr cmj cbflbttj(3( A`ut vmr cmj ouurplbbt(:( Bbhtbl iji`lcj smhfplbbt(4( Bbhtbl h`fplbtj(
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= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• Bllj ourj ms ;;5 oo cmf(• Cbftmpj „ ^umc/Brmfbbhsj !A`wj- cbffbp• Bojtmhis tussjh sjhtjrs vbh cbffbppj ms 945 oo• Bllj a`ut vmr cbffbppj ms 223 Ù >1 oo• Cmj wbrj bojtmhis vmr cmj `hcjrcjlj vbh cmj cbf ms7
Kmhckblf ? =,1 o
Cbfspbr !fbpkjjh- ? 4,: oA``styl ? >,> oAbhistyl ? 2,1 o^tut ? >,3 o
• Cbflbttj ms 9: Ù :5 oo• Cbbr ms vmjr cbflbttj bbh jlfj fbht vbh cmj cbf • Cmj cbf` rabhi ky cmj ijwjljhtj ms 2:5 oo• Cmj ljhitj vbh cmj iji`lcj smhfplbbt ms 4 :55 oo ojt ”h cjfwyctj vbh 425 oo• Cmj ljhitj vbh jjh h`fplbbt ms ; 355 oo• A`ut vmr ouurplbbt ms 223 Ù >1 oo
@pl`ssmhi
B K N C
Kmhhjobtj7= :15 „ ;;;5 ? = :15 „ 335 ? = 235 oo2> 215 „ ;;;5 ? 2> 215 „ 335 ? 2; 935 oo
Bbhtbl cbffbppj72;,935,94
? 24, 94? 29? 29 & 2? 21 cbffbppj w`rc kjh`cmi
21
21;
21
21;
21;
=,1
4,:
>,>
2,1
>,3
294,3 o
;>3 o
:=,3 o
43,1o
2;;,3 o
Cbffbppj7Bllj a`ut 223 Ù >1 oo
Kmhckblf „ =,1 o
Cbfspbr „ 4,: o „ ; pjr cbffbp
A``styl „ >,> o
Abhistyl „ 2,1 o „ ; pjr cbffbp
^tut „ >,3 o „ ; pjr cbffbp
S`tblj a`ut vmr 21 cbffbppj7Kmhckblfj ? 294,3 oCbfspbrrj ? ;>3,5 oA``stylj ? :=,3 oAbhistylj ? 43,1 o^tuttj ? 2;;,3 oS`tbbl 4:9 o
4:9 o ^B/cjh vbh 223 Ù >1 oo w`rc kjh`cmi vmr cmj 21cbffbppj
; 2;,93 ;:,31 Ouurplbbt `p ; ourj7
A`utbojtmhis7 223 Ù >1 oo;:,31 o ouurplbbt w`rc kjh`cmi
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359
A`jvjjlajcj =
3; 2>,=; 222,>4 oCbflbttj7 3 pjr fbht vbh cbf A`ut bojtmhis7 9: Ù :5 ooLjhitj vbh cbflbt72:5 & ;;5 & 2> 215 & ;;5 &2:5 ? 2> =;5 oo
222,>4 o cbflbttj w`rc kjh`cmi
34 4,:: >52,> o Cbfkjcjffmhi7
Ljhitj vbh iji lcj smhfplbbt ? 4,:5 oCjfwyctj vbh iji`lcj smhfplbbt ? 425 ooYyctj vbh cbf72:5 & ;;5 & 2> 215 & ;;5 &2:5 ? 2> =;5 ooLjhitj vbh plbbt ? ljhitj vbh cbfspbr &
``rabhi t`t mh ijut? 4 :55 & :5 oo? 4 ::5 oo
Bbhtbl cbfplbtj ? 2>,=; o
5,42 o
? ;;,1;? ;> plbtj
Ulbtj vmr ; fbhtj ? ;> & ;>
? 34 plbtj34 iji`lcj smhfplbtj ojt ”h t`tblj ljhitj vbh >52,> o w`rckjh`cmi
H`fkjcjffmhi7Ljhitj vbh jjh h`fplbbt ? ;,3 oYyctj vbh cbf ? 2>,=; o
Bbhtbl h`fplbtj ? 2>(=; o
;(3 o
? :,14 h`fplbtj vbh ;,3 o ljhitj w`rc kjh`cmi
Bftmwmtjmt ;
2( Cmj vl`jrplbh vbh ”h stucjhtjw`hmhi w`rc ijt``h(2(2 Sjfjh cmj vl`jrplbh vryabhc mh g`u wjrfk`jf(2(; Sjfjh cbbrhb cmj vmjrf`l`o/cmojhsmjpbpmjr mh g`u wjrfk`jf(2(> Kjrjfjh cmj a`jvjjlajmc stjhj h`cmi vmr cmj k`k`u(
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351
= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• Cmj ourj vbh cmj k`k`u ms ;;5 oo jh mh stryfvjrkbhc ijk`u(• Cmj kmhhjourj vbh cmj k`k`u ms 225 oo jh mh stryfvjrkbhc ijk`u(• A``itj vbh cmj k`k`u vbhb cmj hcbojht ms ; 955 oo(• @pjhmhij vmr cjurj ms ; 555 oo a``i jh =55 oo wyc(• Cmj vjhstjrs ms ; 555 oo Ù 2 :55 oo(
• Hjjo :5 stjhj pjr vmjrfbhtj ojtjr vmr ”h ablstjjhouur(
;( ”h Ijk`u ojt kumtjobtj vbh 25 555 oo Ù 4 555 oo jh ”h ijwjlcbf, o`jt`pijrmi w`rc(
Kjrjfjh cmj7;(2 Kmhhjobtj vbh cmj ijk`u(;(; A`jvjjlajmc stjhj vmr cmj kblfvullmhi(;(> Bbhtbl cbffbppj(;(3 S tblj ojtjr a`ut vmr cmj cbffbppj(;(: S tblj ojtjr a`ut vmr cmj ouurplbbt(;(4 S tblj ojtjr a`ut vmr cmj cbflbttj(;(9 Bbhtbl iji`lcj smhfplbbt jh cmj t`tblj ljhitj vbh cmj smhfplbbt(;(1 Bbhtbl h`fplbtj kjh`cmi(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• Bllj ourj ms ;;5 oo cmf(• Cbftmpj „ A``styl/cbffbp(
• Bojtmhis tussjh sjhtjrs vbh cbffbppj ms 945 oo(• Bllj a`ut vmr cbffbppj ms 223 Ù >1 oo(• Cmj wbrj bojtmhis vmr cmj `hcjrcjlj vbh cmj cbf ms7
Kmhckblf ? :,33 oCbfspbr !fbpkjjh- ? 4,: oA``styl ? >,> o
• Cbflbttj ms 9: Ù :5 oo(• Cbbr ms crmj cbflbttj bbh jlfj fbht vbh cmj cbf(• Cmj cbf``rabhi ky cmj ijwjljhtj ms ;55 oo(• Cmj ljhitj vbh cmj iji lcj smhfplbbt ms 3 555 oo ojt ”h cjfwyctj vbh
425 oo(
• Cmj ljhitj vbh jjh h`fplbbt ms 2 155 oo(• A`ut vmr ouurplbbt ms 223 Ù >1 oo(
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35=
A`jvjjlajcj =
@o cmj a`jvjjlajcj obtjrmbbl vmr ”h jjhslbbpfbojr/w``haums tj kjrjfjh
T``rkjjlcTjrsfmlljhcj `hv`lljcmij bbhsmitj vmr ”h aumsplbh w`rc ijt``h( Bsk`urjfjhbbrstucjht o`jt gy cmj a`jvjjlajmc obtjrmbbl h`cmi `o cmj aums tj k`u,
umtwjrf(Kjstucjjr jh `htljjc cmj aumsplbh jh wjrf cmj a`jvjjlajcj s``s amjr`hcjr bbhijcumumt ojt kjaulp vbh cmj vmjrf`l`o/cmojhsmjpbpmjr(
Bojtmhis jh kjs`hcjrajcj wbt hmj bbhijcum w`rc hmj w`rc bbh g`u i`jccuhfj``rijlbbt(
Kjrjfjh72( Cmj abrtlyh vbh cmj `hcbojht(;( Cmj fukmjfj ojtjr kjt`h h`cmi vmr cmj `hcbojht(>( Cmj fukmjfj ojtjr sjojht kjh`cmi(
3( Cmj fukmjfj ojtjr sbhc kjh`cmi(:( Cmj fukmjfj ojtjr flmp kjh`cmi(4( Cmj fukmjfj ojtjr kjt`h h`cmi vmr cmj kjt`hvl`jrklbc(
^ZMCBBH^MI
^FBBL 27255
YJ^BBH^MI
^FBBL 27255
@hijr`jrcj ir`hc
T`iwjjrlbbi
Bdv`jrpyp !9: x 9:-
Dbssmjplbhf ;;1 x ;1
Tmjrfbhtmij ijut!255 x 255-
Ouurplbbt
Ijiblvbhmsjjrcj smhfplbtj
TL@J[ULBH^FBBL 27255
H@@[CBBH^MI^FBBL 27255
@@^BBH^MI
^FBBL 27255
^lytlbbi
^FBBL 2 7 :5
^HMS KK
HIT
255 oo/kjt`hvl`jr
HIT
9: oo/fr``hlys Ulbtd`hlbttj>1 x >1
Tlbflbbi
F@OKZM^
^LBBUFBOJ[Y@@HTJ[S[JF
455 x ;:5!2 7 > 7 4-
455 x ;:5!2 7 > 7 4-
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325
= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• D`hcbojht vmr 225 oo kmhhjourj ms 325 Ù ;:5 oo(• Cmj t`tblj ljhitj vbh cmj 225 oo kmhhjourj ms 25 555 oo(
@pl`ssmhi
B K N C
Kjt`h`hcbojht vmr kumtjourj7
Abrtlyh vmr kjt`h`hcbojht7
;1 ::5 ? 29 255 oo
;4 ;;5 ? 2; 335 oo
S tbbl ? ;= :35 oo
Omhus 3 455 ? ; 355 oo
S tblj abrtlyh ? ;9 235 oo
2 ;9,235 D`hcbojht7 455 oo wyc Ù ;:5 oo cmjp
5,4
5,;: 3,592 o¾ Cus ms 3,59 o¾ kjt`h h`cmi vmr kumtjourj
Kjt`h`hcbojht vmr kmhhjourj7
2 25,5 S tblj ljhitj vbh kmhhjourj ? 25 555 oo
5,32 D`hcbojht7 325 oo wyc Ù ;:5 oo cmjp
5,;: 2,5;: o¾ Cus ms 2,5> o¾ kjt`h h`cmi vmr kmhhjourj
S`tblj kjt`h`hcbojht7
3,59 & 2,5> ? :,2 o>
Ojhisjlvjra`ucmhi7 27>74 ? 25 cjlj
225
:,2 5,:2 o¾ ^jojht7 2 cjjl Ù t`tblj v`luoj25
>
25
:,2 2,:> o¾ ^bhc7 > cjlj Ù t`tblj v`luoj
25
425
:,2 >,54 o¾ Kjt hflmp7 4 cjlj Ù t tblj v luoj25
Kjt`hvl`jrklbc7
2 1,>> Bojtmhis vbh kjt`hklbc7
4,5 1 ::5 ∛ ;225 ? 1 >>5 oo
5,2 3,==1 o¾ : 915 & ; 225 ? 4 555 oo
Cmftj vbh kjt`hvl`jr ms 255 oo
:,5 o¾ kjt`h ms h`cmi vmr cmj kjt`hvl`jr
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322
A`jvjjlajcj =
T``rkjjlc ;Kjrjfjh72( Cmj ljhitj v`iwjjrlbbi h`cmi `o k`/`p cmj kumtj hcbojhtouur ijplbbs tj
w`rc(;( Cmj fukmjfj ojtjr imcspljmstjr h`cmi vmr cmj vlbflbbi(>( A`jvjjl vmjrfbhtj ojtjr tjæls h`cmi ms vmr cmj vl`jr( Lbbt :* vmr vjro`rsmhi t`j(3( A`jvjjl ojtjr vl`jrlys kjh`cmi w`rc bs cmj t`tblj kmhhjobbt vbh cmj lbhi ourj
1 225 oo ms jh cmj t`tblj kmhhjobbt vbh cmj f`rt ourj : 225 oo ms(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• Lbbt cmj cbiwbhij mh bllj kjrjfjhmhij kumtj rjfjhmhi(• @pjhmhi vmr cjurj ms ; 555 oo a``i jh =55 oo wyc(• Cmj cmftj vbh cmj vlbflbbi ms >5 oo(• Lbbt cmj cmftj vbh cmj kmhhjourj kumtj rjfjhmhi(
@pl`ssmhi
B K N C
Ljhitj v`iwjjrlbbi7
Abrtlyh vbh kumtjouur
;1 ::5 ? 29 255 oo
;4 ;;5 ?2; 335 oo
S`tbbl ? ;= :35 oo
Omhus7 3;;5 ? 115
S`tblj abrtlyh ? ;1 445 oo
;1 445 o v`iwjjrlbbi ms h`cmi
Imcspljmstjr vmr vlbflbbi7
2 1,22 Kmhhjobbt vbh lbhi ourj7 1 ::5 „ ;;;5 ? 1 225 oo
:,91 Kmhhjobbt vmr f`rt ourj7 : 915 oo
5,5> 2,32 o¾ Tlbflbbi ms >5 oo cmjp
2,32 o¾ impspljmstjr ms h`cmi
Sjæls h`cmi7
2 1,22
:,91 34,11 o» 34,11 o» tjæls h`cmiUlus :* vjro`rsmhi
Tjro`rsmhi7 :* vbh 34,11 o» ? ;,>33 o»
S tblj vmjrfbhtj ojtjr tjæls h`cmi
34,11 & ;,>3 ? 3=,;; o»
Tl`jrlys h`cmi7
; 1,22 24,;; Kmhhjobbt vbh lbhi ourj ? 1 225 oo
; :,91 22,:4 Kmhhjobbt vbh f`rt ourj ? : 915 oo
;9,91 o ;9,91 o vl jrlys w`rc kjh`cmi
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32;
= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
T``rkjjlc >Kjrjfjh cmj a`jvjjlajmc stjhj wbt kjh`cmi w`rc `o cmj `hcjr/ jh k`k`u tj k`ucjur72( Cmj `ppjrvlbftj vbh cmj `hcjrk`u tj kjrjfjh(;( Cmj `ppjrvlbftj vbh cmj k`k`u tj kjrjfjh(>( Cmj a`jvjjlajmc stjhj tj kjrjfjh(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• Cmj ourj vbh cmj `hcjrk`u ms ;;5 oo jh mh stryfvjrkbhc ijk`u(• Cmj ourj vbh cmj k`k`u ms ;;5 oo jh mh stryfvjrkbhc ijk`u(• Cmj kmhhjourj vbh cmj k`k`u ms 225 oo jh mh stryfvjrkbhc ijk`u(• A``itj vbh cmj hcbojhtouur ms 3;: oo(• A``itj vbh cmj k`k`u vbhb cmj hcbojht ms ; 455 oo(• A``itj vbh k`k`u t`t ky cmj k`rswjrmhisouur ms 3 455 oo(• @pjhmhi vmr cjurj ms ; 555 oo a``i jh =55 oo wyc(• Hjjo :5 stjhj pjr vmjrfbhtj ojtjr vmr ”h ablstjjhouur(• Cmj t`tbljljhitj vbh cmj 225 oo kmhhjourj ms 25 555 oo(• Bllj stjhj ms pljmstjrstjhj(
• Lbbt :* t`j vmr vjro`rsmhi(
@pl`ssmhi
B K N C
@hcjrk`u7
2 ;1,44 S tblj abrtlyh ? ;1,445 oo
5,3;: 2;,21 o» A``itj vbh `hcbojhtouur ? 3;: oo
@ppjrvlbftj vbh `hcbojhtouur ? 2;,21 o;
K`k`u/kumtjourj7
2 ;1,44 S tblj abrtlyh ? ;1,445 oo
3,4 2>2,13 o» A``itj vbh k`rswjrmhisouur ? 3 455 oo
@ppjrvlbftj vbh ; =55 k`k uouur ? 2>2,13 o;
K`k`u/kumtjourj7
Crmja`jfmij k`rswjrmhisouur
Ljhitj vbh sfumhsouur ? 4 ;;5 oo
Tjrsfml mh a``itj vbh sfumhsouur ? 3 455 „ ; 455 oo
? ; 555 oo
¿ 4,;; @ppjrvlbftj vmr sfumhsouur ? ¿ka
;,5 4,;; o; @ppjrvlbftj vbh jjh sfumhsouur ? 4,;; o»
; 4,;; 2;,33 o; S tblj brjb vmr sfumhs ijcjjltjs ky ourj
@ppjrvlbftj vbh twjj sfumhs cjlj ky ourj ? 2;,33 o;
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32>
A`jvjjlajcj =
S tblj kumtj/ouur`ppjrvlbftj ? @ppjrvlbftj vbh`hcbojhtouur & ppjrvlbftj vbh 3 455 oo k`k`uouur „`ppjrvlbftj vbh crmja`jfmij k`rswjrmhisouur
S`tblj kumtjouurbrjb ? 2;,21 o; & 2>2,13 o; „ 2;,33 o;
? 2>2,:1 o;
K`k`u „ kmhhjourj7
2 25,5 S tblj ljhitj vbh kmhhjourj ? 25 555 oo
;,4 ;4,5 o; A``itj vbh kmhhjourj ? ; 455 oo
@ppjrvlbftj vbh kmhhjourj ? ;4,5 o;
Tjhstjrs7
; ;,5 Tjhstjr 2 ? ; 555 Ù 2:55
2,: 4,5 o» @ppjrvlbftj vbh vjhstjr 2 ? 4,5 o»
2 5,4 Tjhstjr ; ? 455 Ù =55
5,= 5,:3 o» @ppjrvlbftj vbh vjhstjr ; ? 5,:3 o»
; 2,; Swjj vjhstjrs s`hcjr bojtmhis ? 2 ;55 Ù 2 :55 !jmjcmsfrjsmj-
2,: >,4 o» @ppjrvlbftj vbh twjj vjhstjrs ? >,4 o»
S`tblj `ppjrvlbftj vbh vjhstjrs ? 4,5 & 5,:3 & >,4 o;
? 25,23 o;
Cjurj7
; ;,5 Cjur ? ; 555 oo Ù =55 oo
5,= >,4 o» @ppjrvlbftj vbh ; kumtjcjurj ? >,4 o»
S tblj ppjrvlbftj vbh stjjhwjrf7
@pp( ouur „ `pp( vjhstjrs „ `pp( cjurj
? 2>2,:1 o; „ 25,23 „ >,4 ? 229,13 o;
S`tbbl stjhj vmr kumtjourj
; 229,13 Ijtbl stjhj ? pp( vbh ouur Ù ijtbl stjhj pjr o»
:5 22 913 :5 stjhj pjr o» vmr ¿ stjjhouur
;;5 oo k`k`u ms ; ablstjjhourj
Cus ms 22 913 stjhj h`cmi vmr cmj kumtjourj
S tblj ppjrvlbftj vbh kmhhjourj
? @ppjrvlbftj vbh kmhhjouur „ ppjrvlbftj vbh kmhhj cjur
? ;4,5 „ >,4 ? ;;,3 o;
S`tbbl stjhj vmr kmhhjourj
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323
= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
2 ;;,3 Ijtbl stjhj ? pp( vbh ouur Ù ijtbl stjhj pjr o»
:5 2 2;5 :5 stjhj pjr o» vmr ¿ stjjjhouur
Cus ms 2 2;5 stjhj h`cmi vmr kmhhjourj
S`tblj stjhj
^tjhj vmr kumtjourj & stjhj vmr kmhhjourj
? 22 913 & 2 2;5 ? 2; =53 stjhj
Ulus : * vjro`rsmhi
Tjro`rsmhi7 : * vbh 2; =53 stjhj ? 43:,; stjhj
S`tblj ijtbl pljmstjrstjhj7
2; =53 & 434 ? 2> ::5 stjhj
T``rkjjlc 3Fwbscjhhja`ut !fh`tty pmhj- ibbh bs plb`hobtjrmbbl vmr cmj f`okums jh
w``hvjrtrjf ijkrumf w`rc(Kjrjfjh72( Cmj vmjrfbhtj ojtjr fwbscjhhja`ut h`cmi(;( Cmj bbhtbl fwbscjhhja`ut plbhfj h`cmi(>( Cmj ojtjr plb`hlbttj h`cmi(3( Cmj ojtjr fr``hlys h`cmi(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• Cmj bojtmhis vbh cmj fwbscjhhja`ut ms 4: oo Ù 24 oo(• Cmj bstbhc tussjh cmj sjhtjrs vbh cmj plb`hlbttj ms 3:5 oo(
@pl`ssmhi
B K N C
Fwbscjhhja`ut plb`hplbhfj vmr f`okums jh w``hvjrtrjf kmhhjobtj7Ljhitj ? : 915 ooKrjjctj ? 3 555 oo
2 :,913,5
;>,2; o» @ppjrvlbftj wbt plb`h o`jt fry7;>,2; o» fwbscjhhja`ut plb`hplbhfj w`rc kjh`cmi
Bbhtbl plb`hplbhfj7Krjjctj vbh vjrtrjf ? 3 555ooYyctj vbh plb`hplbhf ? 4: oo3 555 oo
4: oo? 42,: plb`hplbhfj vbh 3 555 oo Ù 4: oo Ù 24 oo w`rckjh`cmi
Bbhtbl plb`hlbttj7: 915
3:5? 2;,13? 2>? 2> & 2 !tjl bltyc jjh ky-? 23 plb`hlbttj
23;
3,5:,91
:4,5 o22,:4 o49,:4 o
S`tblj ojtjr plb`hlbttj h`cmi749,:4 o plb`hlbttj w`rc kjh`cmi
;;
:,913,5
22,:4 o1,5 o
2=,:4 o
S tblj ojtjr fr``hlys h`cmi72=,:4 o fr``hlys w`rc kjh`cmi
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32:
A`jvjjlajcj =
T``rkjjlc : Impsplb hk`rcj ibbh bs plb`hobtjrmbbl vmr cmj slbbpfbojr, ibhi jh kbcfbojrijkrumf w`rc(Kjrjfjh72( Cmj `ppjrvlbftj plb`hk`rc h`cmi;( Cmj bbhtbl plb`hk`rcj h`cmi(>( Cmj t`tblj t tblj ljhitj ojtjr plb`hlbttj h`cmi(
3( Cmj t`tblj ljhitj fr `hlys h`cmi(:( Cmj t`tblj ljhitj cjfstr`fj h`cmi(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• Cmj krjjctj vbh cmj plb`hk`rc ms =55 oo(• Cmj bstbhc tussjh cmj sjhtjrs vbh cmj plb`hlbttj ms 3:5 oo(• Lbbt cmj kmhhjourj kumtj rjfjhmhi(
@pl`ssmhi
B K N C
Impsplb`hk`rc vmr slbbpfbojr, ibhi jh kbcfbojrKmhhjobtj7Ljhitj ? : 915 ooKrjjctj ? 3 555 oo
2 :,913,5
;>,2; o» @ppjrvlbftj wbt plb`h o`jt fry7;>,2; o» impsplb`hk`rc w`rc kjh`cmi
Bbhtbl plb`hk`rcj7: 915 o
=55 o? 4,3? 9 plb`hk`rcj vbh 3 ;55 oo Ù =55 oo Ù 4,3 oo w`rckjh`cmi
Bbhtbl plb`hlbttj7: 915
3:5? 2;,11? 2>? 2> & 2 !tjl bltyc jjh ky-? 23 plb`hlbttj
23;
3,5:,91
:4,5 o22,:4 o49,:4 o
S`tblj ojtjr plb`hlbttj h`cmi749,:4 o plb`hlbttj w`rc kjh`cmi
;
;
:,91
3,5
22,:4 o
1,5 o2=,:4 o
S tblj ojtjr fr``hlys h`cmi7
2=,4 o fr``hlys w`rc kjh`cmi
4 3,5 ;3,5 oCjfstr`fj !bltyc jjh omhcjr bs cmj bbhtbl plb`hk`rcj-7;3,5 o cjfstr`fj w`rc kjh`cmi
T``rkjjlc 4Cmj ijk`u ibbh ojt ”h ijrbbocj bcbf `pijrmi w`rc(Kjrjfjh72( Cmj kmhhjobtj vbh cmj ijk`u(;( Cmj bbhtbl cbffbppj(
>( Cmj t`tblj ojtjr a`ut h`cmi vmr cmj cbffbppj(3( Cmj t`tblj ojtjr a`ut h`cmi vmr cmj ouurplbbt(:( Cmj t`tblj ojtjr a`ut h`cmi vmr cmj cbflbttj(4( Cmj bbhtbl iji lcj smhfplbbt(
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324
= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• Cbftmpj „ Ijrbbocj bcbf(• Bojtmhis tussjh sjhtjrs vbh cbffbppj ms 122 oo(• Bllj a`ut vmr cbffbppj ms 223 Ù >1 oo(• Cmj wbrj bojtmhis vmr cmj `hcjrcjlj vbh JJH cbffbp ms7
Kmhckblf ? 4 555 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 ooCbfspbr !fbpkjjh- ? 4 :55 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo
A``styl ? 2 ;55 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 ooAbhistyl ? 155 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 ooAbhistyl ? :55 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo^tut ? 2 955 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo^tut ? 2 :55 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo
• Ty cbflbttj vbh 1 225 oo Ù 9: oo Ù :5 oo(• Cmj cbf``rabhi ms ;55 oo(• Cmj ljhitj vbh cmj iji`lcj smhfplbbt ms 4 ::5 oo ojt ”h cjfwyctj vbh
425 oo(• Ouurplbbt ms 1 225 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo(
@pl`ssmhi
B K N C
Kmhhjobtj7Yyctj7 1 ::5 „ ;;;5 ? 1 ::5 „ 335 ? 1 225 ooKrjjctj7 : 915 oo !ijijj-
Bbhtbl cbffbppj71 225122?25? 25 & 2? 22 cbffbppj w`rc kjh`cmi
22
22
22
2222
22
22
4,5
4,:
2,;
5,15,:
2,9
2,:
44,5 o
92,: o
2>,; o
1,1o:,: o
21,9 o
24,: o
Cbffbppj7
Kmhckblf „ 4 555 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo
Cbfspbr „ 4 :55 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo
A``styl „ 2 ;55 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo
Abhistyl „ 155 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 ooAbhistyl „ :55 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo
^tut / 2 955 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo
^tut / 2 :55 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo
S`tblj a`ut vmr 22 cbffbppj7Kmhckblfj ? 44,5 oCbfspbrrj ? 92,5 oA``stylj ? 2>,; oAbhistylj ? 1,1 oAbhistylj ? :,: o^tuttj ? 21,9 o^tuttj ? 24,: oS tbbl 2==,9 o
2==,9 o ^B Cjh vbh 223 Ù >1 oo w`rc kjh`cmi vmr cmj 22cbffbppj
2 1,22 1,22 o Ouurplbbt p 2 ouur7A`utbojtmhis7 223 Ù >1 oo1,22 o ouurplbbt w`rc kjh`cmi
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321
= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
2( Kjrjfjh72(2 Cmj abrtlyh vbh cmj hcbojht(2(; Cmj fukmjfj ojtjr kjt`h h`cmi vmr cmj `hcbojht(
2(> Cmj fukmjfj ojtjr sjojht kjh`cmi(2(3 Cmj fukmjfj ojtjr sbhc kjh`cmi(2(: Cmj fukmjfj ojtjr flmp kjh`cmi(2(4 Cmj fukmjfj ojtjr kjt`h kjh`cmi vmr cmj kjt`hvl`jrklbc(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• D`hcbojht vmr 225 oo kmhhjourj ms 325 Ù ;:5 oo(• Cmj t tblj ljhitj vbh cmj 225 oo kmhhjourj ms = 555 oo(
;( Kjrjfjh7;(2 Cmj ljhitj v`iwjjrlbbi h`cmi `o k`/`p cmj kumtj `hcbojhtouur ijplbbs
tj w`rc(
;(; Cmj fukmjfj ojtjr imcspljmstjr h`cmi vmr cmj vlbflbbi(;(> A`jvjjl vmjrfbhtj ojtjr tjæls h`cmi ms vmr cmj vl`jr( Lbbt :* vmr vjro`rsmhi t`j(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• Lbbt cmj cbiwbhij mh bllj kjrjfjhmhij kumtj rjfjhmhi(• @pjhmhi vmr cjurj ms ; 555 oo a``i jh =55 oo wyc(• Cmj cmftj vbh cmj vlbflbbi ms >5 oo(• Lbbt cmj cmftj vbh cmj kmhhjourj kumtj rjfjhmhi(
>( Kjrjfjh cmj a`jvjjlajmc stjhj wbt kjh`cmi w`rc `o cmj `hcjr/ jh k`k`u tjk`u cjur7>(2 Cmj brjb vbh cmj `hcjrk`u tj kjrjfjh(>(; Cmj brjb vbh cmj k`k`u tj kjrjfjh(>(> Cmj brjb vbh cmj ijwjlouur>(3 Cmj brjb vbh cmj kblfvullmhi(>(: Cmj a`jvjjlajmc stjhj tj kjrjfjh(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• Cmj ourj vbh cmj `hcjrk`u ms ;;5 oo jh mh stryfvjrkbhc ijk`u(• Cmj ourj vbh cmj k`k`u ms ;;5 oo jh mh stryfvjrkbhc ijk`u(• Cmj kmhhj ourj vbh cmj k`k`u ms 225 oo jh mh stryfvjrkbhc ijk`u(• A``itj vbh cmj `hcbojhtouur ms >35 oo(• A``itj vbh cmj k`k`u vbhb cmj hcbojht ms ; 455 oo(
• A``itj vbh kblfvullmhi ms ;:: oo(• A``itj vbh cmj ijwjlouur ms > 455 oo(• @pjhmhi vmr cjurj ms ; 555 oo a``i jh =55 oo wyc(• Hjjo :5 stjhj pjr vmjrfbhtj ojtjr vmr ”h ablstjjhouur(
H`fplbbt
Ijiblvbhmsjjrcj smhfplbtj
Fbplbttj !:5 x 94-
Tmjrfbhtmij ijut !255 x 255-
Bdv`jrpyp !9: x 9:-
HIT
TTT
@hijr`jrcj ir`hc
^FBBL 2 7 :5^HMS KK
^lytlbbiAbrcjpumhIr`hcvullmhi
T`iwjjrlbbi 9: oo/kjt`hvl`jr
9: oo/fr``hlys Ulbd`hlbttj !>1 x >1-
455 x ;:5!2 7 > 7 4-
355 x ;:5!2 7 > 7 4-
455 x ;:5!2 7 > 7 4-
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32=
A`jvjjlajcj =
• Cmj t`tblj ljhitj vbh cmj 225 oo kmhhj ourj ms = 555 oo(• Bllj stjhj ms pljmstjrstjhj(• Lbbt :* t`j vmr vjro`rsmhi(
3( Fwbscjhhja`ut ibbh bs plb`hobtjrmbbl vmr cmj f`okums jh w``hvjrtrjf ijkrumf w`rc(
Kjrjfjh cmj73(2 Tmjrfbhtj ojtjr fwbscjhhja`ut h`cmi(3(; Bbhtbl fwbscjhhja`ut plbhfj h`cmi(3(> Ojtjr plb`hlbttj h`cmi(3(3 Ojtjr fr``hlys h`cmi(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• Cmj bojtmhis vbh cmj fwbscjhhja`ut ms 4: oo Ù 24 oo(• Cmj bstbhc tussjh cmj sjhtjrs vbh cmj plb`hlbttj ms 3:5 oo(
:( Impsplb hk`rcj ibbh bs plb`hobtjrmbbl vmr cmj slbbpfbojr jh kbcfbojr
ijkrumf w`rc(Kjrjfjh7:(2 Cmj `ppjrvlbftj plb`hk`rc h`cmi vmr jlfj fbojr(:(; Cmj bbhtbl plb`hk rcj h`cmi vmr jlfj fbojr(:(> Cmj t`tblj t`tblj ljhitj ojtjr plb`hlbttj h`cmi vmr jlfj fbojr(:(3 Cmj t`tblj ljhitj fr``hlys h`cmi vmr jlfj fbojr(:(: Cmj t`tblj ljhitj cjfstr`fj h`cmi vmr jlfj fbojr(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs7• Cmj krjjctj vbh cmj plb`hk`rc ms =55 oo(• Cmj bstbhc tussjh cmj sjhtjrs vbh cmj plb`hlbttj ms 3:5 oo(• Lbbt cmj kmhhjourj kumtj rjfjhmhi(
4( Cmj ijk`u ibbh ojt ”h ijrbbocj bcbf `pijrmi w`rc(Kjrjfjh74(2 Cmj kmhhjobtj vbh cmj ijk`u(4(; Cmj bbhtbl cbffbppj(4(> Cmj t`tblj ojtjr a`ut h`cmi vmr cmj cbffbppj(4(3 Cmj t`tblj ojtjr a`ut h`cmi vmr cmj ouurplbbt(4(: Cmj t`tblj ojtjr a`ut h`cmi vmr cmj cbflbttj(4(4 Cmj bbhtbl iji`lcj smhfplbtj(
Obbf ijkrumf vbh cmj v`lijhcj spjsmdfbsmjs6
• Cbftmpj „ ^umc/Brmfbbhsj cbffbp !A`wj/fbp-(• Bojtmhis tussjh sjhtjrs vbh cbffbppj ms 2 255 oo(• Bllj a`ut vmr cbffbppj ms 223 Ù >1 oo(• Cmj wbrj bojtmhis vmr cmj `hcjrcjlj vbh JJH cbffbp ms7
Kmhckblf ? 1 555 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 ooCbfspbr !fbpkjjh- ? 3 >55 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 ooA``styl ? 2 :55 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 ooAbhistyl ? 2 555 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo^tut ? 2 955 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo^tut ? 2 :55 oo Ù 223 oo Ù >1 oo
• Bit cbflbttj vbh 1 225 oo Ù 9: oo Ù :5 oo(• Cmj cbf``rabhi ms >55 oo(
• Cmj ljhitj vbh cmj iji`lcj smhfplbbt ms 3 >55 oo ojt ”h cjfwyctj vbh425 oo(
• Ouurplbbt ms 223 oo Ù >1 oo(
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3;5
= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
^hylys
”h hylys w`rc `f cmfwjls hb vjrwys bs ”h sbbilys( Cmj shylys w`rc sbboijstjl vbhb cmj wjrftjfjhmhij jh t``h bl cmj `hcjrcjlj vbh ”h brtmfjl ` f`hstrufsmj bbh(Cmj vbfobh ijkrumf amjrcmj lys `o cmj `hcjrcjlj `p cmj spjsmjfj obtj tj sbbi ` tj lbbt sbbi wbhhjjr cmj a`ut bbhijf``p w`rc( Cmj shylys stjl cmj vjrsfbdjr mh stbbt`o ”h prys vmr cmj `hcjrcjlj umt tj wjrf(
T``rkjjlc 2”h Cukkjl swbbmrbbovjhstjr wbt mh ”h s`lmjcj a`utf`syh ijo`htjjr ms, w`rc ijt``h(Jlfj rbbo ms t`jijrus ojt crmj rumtj( Bllj cjlj w`rc ojt cjurl`pjhcj tbpibtv`jæ
vjrkmhc( Cmj f`syh w`rc 225 oo mh cmj ouur mhijk`u( @htljjc cmj vjhstjr jh stjl”h shylys sbbo vbh cmj obtjrmbbl kjh`cmi vmr cmj obbf vbh cmj vjhstjr(
^hylys
@hcjrcjjl Bbhtbl Jjhajmc Ljhitj Krjjctj Cmftj ^uk/t`tbbl
S`tbbl Obtjrmbbl
F`syhf`p 2 oo 2 2>5 =5 33 2 2>5 Ojrbhtm
TjhstjrkbhfCruopjl
2 oo 2 2>5 =5 33 2 2>5 ; ;45 Ojrbhtm
F`syhstyl ; oo 2 5:5 41 33 ; 255 Ojrbhtm
F`syhtussjhstyl 2 oo 2 5:5 41 33 2 5:5 > 2:5 Ojrbhtm
Tjhstjrstyl ; oo =;5 :3 33 > 415 Ojrbhtm
K`rjlmhi ; oo >:5 :3 33 955 Ojrbhtm
@hcjrrjlmhi ; oo >:5 :3 33 955 : 515 Ojrbhtm
[umtr`jmrumtkblfmjs
4 oo >:5 33 ;; 2 355 2 355 Ojrbhtm
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3;2
A`jvjjlajcj =
B
K
N
C
G
JDI
A
Bftmwmtjmt 3
^hylystj
2( ”h Cukkjl swbbmrbbovjhstjr wbt mh ”h s lmjcj a`utf`syh ijo`htjjr ms w rc
ijt``h( Jlfj rbbo ms t`jijrus ojt vmjr rumtj( Bllj cjlj w`rc ojt cjurl`pjhcjtbpibtv`jæ vjrkmhc( Cmj f`syh w`rc 225 oo mh cmj ouur mhijk`u( @htljjccmj vjhstjr jh stjl ”h shylys sbbo vbh cmj obtjrmbbl kjh`cmi vmr cmj obbf vbhcmj vjhstjr(
;( ”h Cukkjl swbbmrbbovjhstjr wbt mh ”h s lmjcj a`utf`syh ijo`htjjr ms,
w`rc ijt``h( Jlfj rbbo ms t`jijrus ojt bit fljmh rumtj( Bllj cjlj w`rc ojtcjurl`pjhcj tbpibtv`jæ vjrkmhc( Cmj f`syh w`rc 225 oo mh cmj ouurmhijk`u( @htljjc cmj vjhstjr jh stjl ”h shylys sbbo vbh cmj obtjrmbbl kjh`cmi
vmr cmj obbf vbh cmj vjhstjr(
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3;;
= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
>( Dmiuur 2 t`t 3 t``h vjrsfmlljhcj cjurj wbt mh ”h w`hmhi ijkrumf fbh w rc( Cmja``itj vbh cmj cjurj ms ; 5>; oo jh cmj krjjctj ms 12> oo(@httljjc cmj tjfjhmhij jh stjl ”h shylys vmr jlfjjh sbbo(
Tmjrpbhjjlcjur A`lfjrhvlbfcjur
Dmiuur 2
Dmiuur ;
Crmjpbhjjlcjur K`/ jh `hcjrcjur ojt sjs pbhjlj
Dmiuur > Dmiuur 3
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3;>
A`jvjjlajcj =
3( Cmj vl`jrplbh vbh ”h vjrtrjf wbt vbh plb`h v``rsmjh o`jt w`rc, w`rc ijt``h(^fjts cmj vl`jrplbh vryabhc mh g`u wjrfk`jf jh cum bbh cmj rmitmhi vbh cmjcbffbppj, plb`hlbttj jh plb`hk`rcj( @htljjc amjrcmj mhlmitmhi jh stjl ”hshylys sbbo vmr cmj bbhkrmhi vbh ”h plb`h( Ijjh vbllumf w`rc kjh`cmi hmj(
Sjromh`l`imj
@hcjrk`u7 ^trjf vbhb `hcbojht t`t ky cmj vl`jrklbc jh slumt cmj`hcbsmjouur mh
K`k`u7 ^trjf vbhb cmj `hcbsmjouur t`t ky cmj vlbf wbbr cmjouurplbbt f`o
D`hcbojht/ouur7 Cmj ouur wbt k`/`p cmj `hcbojht ijk`u w`rc( Cmj a``itj vbh cmj `hcbojhtouur cum ijw``hlmf cmj p`smsmj vbh cmjkjt`hvl`jr bbh( D`hcbojhtourj vmr kumtjourj ms ijw``hlmf ;;5 oo ` >>5 oo
Ijwjl7 Crmja`jfmij ouur ky stbbhcbffj
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3;3
= ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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A``dstuf 25
^bojv`jimhi
Cbfcrbbc
Cbffbppj jh stjjhwjrf A`utvjrkmhcmhis
Uyplbssj
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3;4
25 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Mhljmcmhi
Ybhhjjr twjj ` ojjr jhjrsj ` vjrsfmlljhcj obtjrmblj sbboijv`ji w`rc, o`jt cmjlbs stjrf ijh`ji wjjs vmr cmj c`jl wbbrv``r cmt vjrkmhc ms(
Mh amjrcmj a``stuf ibbh `hs fyf hb vjrsfmlljhcj vjrkmhcmhisojt`cjs tjh `psmitj
vbh7• ^tjjhwjrf • A`ut• L``cimjtjrwjrfpypj
@`r cmj vjrkmhcmhisojt`cjs vbh a`ut fbh gy ojjr ljjs mh cmj Irbbc 22/k`jf `pklbcsy >;3 „ >;:(
Tjrkmhcmhi vbh cbffbppj bbh stjjhwjrf
^``s gy rjjcs umt S`jijpbstj Ojibhmfb wjjt, ms cbffj `hcjrwjrp bbh vjrsfmlljhcj
frbitj jh ”h cbff`hstrufsmj o`jt cus cjjilmf bbh cmj ourj ijaji w`rc( Amjrv``rw`rc cmj ouurplbtj jh cbfspbrrj ojt ijiblvbhmsjjrcj stbblkbhcj vbh omhstjhs>5 oo krjjc ky 2,4 oo cmf, bbh cmj k`fbht vbh cmj ouur vjrkmhc( Bhfjrs vmrfbppj o`jt omhstjhs 455 oo cmjp mh cmj ouur vbsijojssjl w`rc jh o`jt rji``rcmj spbrrj jh fbppj ijplbbs w`rc(
”h Bhcjr ojt`cj ms `o cmj cbfspbrrj ojt kmhtj bbh cmj ouurplbbt tj aji, wbt `p sy kjurt bbh cmj ouur ijaji o`jt w`rc s`cbt cmt hmj sbbo ojt cmj cbfspbrrj ijlmi fbhw`rc hmj(
Bhfjrk`ut
• Amjrcmj k`utj sfr`j mh ”h fjælv`romij k`ut jh ajt l`s bhfjrstuffjr`hc`o cmj k`ut(
• ^`crb cmj k`ut mh ”h ibt ijplbbs jh vbsijcrbbm w`rc, smt cmj bhfjrstuffjtjjh cmj ibtwbhcjurj `o cmj k`ut stjwmi tj bhfjr(
• Aullj ms vjjlc`jlmij bhfjrk`utj wbt cmj spjlmhi mh vjrsfmlljhcjibtir``ttjs fbh bff`oo`cjjr(
• Ijsfmf vmr kbfstjjhourj, flmp ` kjt`h, wbbr amjrcmj st`wwj cmj kjstj vbsa`uvjro`æ kmjc(
• Kjsfmfkbbr mh ”h vjrsfjmcjhajmc ljhitjs jh cmftjs( Dmiuur 25(27 Bhfjrk`ut
T`ælkjfshmt
Tl`jrkblfUlb`hrmk
Ouurplbbt
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3;9
^bojv`jimhi 25
^fr`jwj
^fr`jwj kmjc ”h kjtjr vbsa`uvjro`æ bs spyfjrs( ^fr`jwj ajt ``r cmj gbrj kbmj vjrbhcjr `o ojt cmj vjrbhcjrjhcj tjih`l`imj trjc tj a`u( ^tjriljuwj !cmjsi( Uamllmps/, U`zmcrmvj jh ^upbcrmvj- ms a``sbbflmf `htwjrp `o cmj sfr`jwj vmhhmijr ojt frbit`jrustmhi tj fbh mhcrbbm(
^``s gy rjjcs mh Irbbc 22 ijljjr, ajt w`rc sfr`jwj mhijcjjl v`lijhs twjj bojtmhis7sfbicmftj jh sfr`jjhitj, jh ms tj fry mh cmftjs vbh 3 oo„2; oo jh mh ljhitjs vbh25 oo„255 oo( A`j cuhhjr cmj sfbi, a`j f`rtjr cmj sfr`j, obbr cbbr ms ”h obtj vbh ``rvljujlmhi mh ljhitj(
Cmj v``rcjlj vbh sfr`jwj k` spyfjrs7• Fbh obflmfjr vjrwycjr w`rc mhcmjh h`cmi(• Aullj w`rc mhijsfr`j, hmj mhijslbbh s``s spyfjrs hmj( Cmt vjromhcjr cmj mopbf
vbh abojrs(• Fbh ojt frbiijrjjcsfbp mh plbbtojtbbl mhijsfr`j w`rc(• Tjrt``h hjtgmjsjr bs spyfjrs(
• Cbbr ms sfr`jwj wbt aullj jmj ibtj mh ojtbbl shy tjrwyl aullj mhijcrbbm w`rc(
Amjr v`li ”h lys vbh cmj ojjr blijojhj sf`js``rtj wbt mh cmj k`ukjcryijkrumf w`rc( ^fr`jwj w`rc mhijcjjl v`lijhs cmj bts`jh vbh aullj f`ppj7
[`hcjf`pY`rc ijkrumf wbbr cmj sfr`j`p k`fbht cmj `ppjrvlbftj vbh cmj a`ut obi umtstjjf(Y`rc ojjstbl vmr sfryhwjrf ijkrumf( Cmj ojjs blijojhj ljhitjs ms 25 oo „ >1oo(
Tjrsmhff`pCmj sfr`j sj f`p w`rc ijlyf ojt cmj `ppjrvlbf vbh a`ut ijcrbbm( Mh
s`oomij ijvbllj w`rc cmt t`t hcjr cmj ppjrvlbf mhijcrbbm, s`cbt cmjsf`j`p vjrstjjf fbh w`rc ojt ”h a`utpr`p ` vulst`( Y`rc vjrblijkrumf `o sfbrhmjrj ojj vbs tj smt, mh ojukjlobbf jh vmr blijojhjsfryhwjrf( Ljhitjs wmssjl vbh 2; oo „ 255 oo(
Dmiuur 25(>7 Tjrsmhff`p
Tjrajwjf`pCmt ms ”h f`okmhbsmj vbh ”h vjrsmhff`p jh r`hcjf`p(Y`rc ojjstbl ijkrumf vmrplbbtojtbbl/ jh cjf`rbtmjwj wjrf( Ljhitjs wmssjl vbh 2= oo „ >1 oo(
^pbbhcjrk`rc !nampk`brc snrjws-Amjrcmj huwjr s``rt sfr`j w`rc ijobbf vbh swbrt trjfvbstj stbbl jh ajt”h kbmj cuh sfbi ojt `pijajwj jh sfjrp sfr`jcrbbc, s`cbt cmt s`hcjr”h l``csibt ojt ”h f``rcl`sj k``r, frbik``r ` kbttjry/sfr`jwjcrbbmjrmh spbbhcjrk`rc mhijcrbbm fbh w`rc( Cmt fbh ``f ojt ”h ijw`hjsfr`jwjcrbbmjr ` `oslbi mhijcrbbm w`rc, obbr cmt vbt hbtuurlmf lbhijr(Y`rc blijojjh ijkrumf vmr mhijk`ucj fbstj jh fbkmhjtwjrf jh mhbkrmjfj wbbr ojukjls vbh spbbhcjrk`rc ijobbf w`rc( Ljhitjs wmssjl vbh 2; oo„ 255 oo( Dmiuur 25(:7 ^pbbhcjrk`rc
Dmiuur 25(;7
[`hcjf`p
Dmiuur 25(37
Tjrajwjf`p
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3;1
25 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
Cr`æouursfr`jwj@`f swbrt vbh fljur, obbr ojt ”h ir`wwjr sfr`jcrbbc bs cmj spbbhcjrk`rcsfr`j(Y`rc vjrbl ijkrumf `o impsk`rc mh ourj jh plb`hhj vbs tj aji( Cmj sfr`jcrbbctrjf vmhhmijr vbs bs cmj spbbhcjrk`rcsfr`j jh ajt ”h jjhs ir`tjr f`p `o tj fjjrcbt cmt hmj tj cmjp mh cmj impsk`rc mhtrjf hmj( Ljhitjs wmssjl vbh 24 oo„9: oo(
K`utf`psfr`jwj !n`bna snrjws-”h Ijiblvbhmsjjrcj, cmf sfr`j ojt ir`wwj crbbc jh ”h bitfbhtmijk`utf`p wbt ojt ”h s`fspbhhjr !k`utf`p- mhijcrbbm w`rc( Y`rcijkrumf vmr blijojhj f`hstrufsmjwjrf, vjrbl `o ojtbbl jh a`utbbhojfbbr tj smt, ``f `o ojtbbl ` a`utkblfj bbh ourj vbs tj k`ut( Ms vjrbl huttmi `o cbfkblfj bbh kbfstjjhourj ojt fbpabhijrs tj abhi,``f `o ijutplbhfj bbh cbfspbrrj vbs tj k`ut( Dmiuur 25(97 K`utf`psfr`j
^pyfjrs
^pyfjrs ms ”h vmhhmij vjrkmhcmhisobtjrmbbl( ^pyfjrs w`rc vbh sbitjstbbl !ystjr- vjrvbbrcmi `ocbt cmt i`jcf``p ms(
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Dmiuur 25(17
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Dmiuur 25(=7
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^bojv`jimhi 25
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Dmiuur 25(2>7 ^pblfplbtj
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Dmiuur 25(257 Tl`jrspyfjr
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25 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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3>2
^bojv`jimhi 25
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Dmiuur 25(217 F`ujwbtjrvjrv`jr hb cmj kbcfbojr t`j
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^t`rtf`p
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25 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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3>3
25 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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25 Sjromh`l`imj
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25 ^mvmjlj Sjih`l`imj
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7/23/2019 Siviele Tegnologie Graad 12
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7/23/2019 Siviele Tegnologie Graad 12
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/siviele-tegnologie-graad-12 467/468
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