Slide Bài Giảng Hệ Diều Hành Chương 1 - UIT

01/2015Duy Phan

Chapter 1: Tng quan v h iu hnh

2 Tng quan v h iu hnh Phan Duy

Mc tiu

Bit c h iu hnh l g

Bit c cc loi h iu hnh

Bit c lch s pht trin h iu hnh


Chun u ra ca bi hc

Hiu v pht biu li c cc khi nim c

bn v h iu hnh, v cc thnh phn ca h

iu hnh

Bit c s khc bit c bn gia cc loi h

iu hnh


Ni dung

Tng quan

Phn loi h iu hnh

Lch s pht trin h iu hnh


Tng quan

nh ngha h iu hnh

Cu trc h thng my tnh

Cc chc nng chnh ca h iu hnh


nh ngha

Phn cng

H iu Hnh

Cc ng dng

Ngi dng

Chy ng dng abc trnphn cng XYZ

H iu hnh l g?

Chng trnh trung gian gia phn cng my tnh v ngi s dng, c chc nng iu khin v phi hp vic s dng phn cng v cung cp cc dch v c bn cho cc ng dng.

Mc tiu

Gip ngi dng d dng s dng h thng.

Qun l v cp pht ti nguyn h thng mt cch hiu qu.


nh ngha (tt)

Hnh ca Dror G. Feitelson

Physical devices

Microprogramming

Machine language

Operating system

Compilers EditorsCommand

interpreter

Banking

system

Airline

reservationWeb browser Application programs

Hardware

System programs



Phn cng (hardware)

Bao gm cc ti nguyn c bn ca my tnh nh CPU, bnh, cc thit b I/O

H iu hnh (operating system)

Phn phi ti nguyn, iu khin v phi hp cc hot ngca cc chng trnh trong h thng.

Chng trnh ng dng (application programs)

S dng h thng ti nguyn gii quyt mt bi ton tnhton no ca ngi s dng.

V d: compilers, database systems, video games, business programs.

Users (people, machines, other computers)


Cc chc nng chnh ca h iu hnh

Phn chia thi gian x l v nh thi CPU

Phi hp v ng b hot ng gia cc processes (coordination & synchronization)

Qun l ti nguyn h thng (thit b I/O, b nh, file cha d liu,)

Thc hin v kim sot access control, protection

Duy tr s nht qun (integrity) ca h thng, kimsot li v phc hi h thng khi c li (error recovery)

Cung cp giao din lm vic cho users


Ni dung

Tng quan

Phn loi h iu hnh



Phn loi h iu hnh

Di gc loi my tnh

H iu hnh dnh cho my MainFrame

H iu hnh dnh cho my Server

H iu hnh dnh cho my nhiu CPU

H iu hnh dnh cho my tnh c nhn (PC)

H iu hnh dnh cho my PDA (Embedded OS - h iu hnh nhng)

H iu hnh dnh cho my chuyn bit

H iu hnh dnh cho th chp (SmartCard)


Phn loi h iu hnh (tt)

Di gc s chng trnh c s dngcng lc

H iu hnh n nhim

H iu hnh a nhim

Di gc ngi dng (truy xut ti nguyncng lc)

Mt ngi dng

Nhiu ngi dng

Mng ngang hng

Mng c my ch: LAN, WAN,


Di gc hnh thc x l

H thng x l theo l

H thng n chng (uniprograming OS)

H thng a chng (multiprogramming OS)

H thng chia s thi gian

H thng song song

H thng phn tn

H thng x l thi gian thc

Phn loi h iu hnh (tt)


H thng n chng

Tc v c thi hnh tun t.

B gim st thng trc

CPU v cc thao tc nhp xut:

X l offline

ng b ha cc thao tc bn ngoi Spooling (Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Line)

Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l

Nhap XuatMay tnh

chnh


Phn loi di gc hnh thc x l (tt)

H thng a chng

Nhiu cng vic c np ng

thi vo b nh chnh

Khi mt tin trnh thc hin I/O,

mt tin trnh khc c thc thi

Tn dng c thi gian rnh, tng

hiu sut s dng CPU (CPU

utilization)

Bo x ly Ket thuc tac vu

Tac vu I/O



H thng a chng: yu cu i vi h iuhnh

nh thi cng vic (job scheduling): chn job

trong job pool trn a v np n vo b nh

thc thi.

Qun l b nh (memory management)

nh thi CPU (CPU scheduling)

Cp pht ti nguyn (a, my in,)

Bo v



H iu hnh n chng

H iu hnh a chng




H thng a nhim (multitasking)

Lp lch CPU

Thi gian chuyn i gia cc tc v rt ngn

Bo x ly



Yu cu i vi OS trong h thng time-sharing

nh thi cng vic (job scheduling)

Qun l b nh (memory management) Virtual memory

Qun l cc qu trnh (process management) nh thi CPU

ng b cc qu trnh (synchronization)

Giao tip gia cc qu trnh (process communication)

Trnh deadlock

Qun l h thng file, h thng lu tr

Cp pht hp l cc ti nguyn

Bo v (protection)



H thng song song

Hai hoc nhiu b x l cng chia s mt b

nh.

Master/Slave : mt b x l chnh kim sot

mt s b x l I/O

Bo

x ly

Bo

x ly

Bo nh chnh



H thng song song (parallel, multiprocessor, hay tightly-coupled system)

Nhiu CPU

Chia s computer bus, clock

u im

Nng xut h thng (System throughput): cng nhiuprocessor th cng nhanh xong cng vic

Multiprocessor system t tn km hn multiple single-processor system: v c th dng chung ti nguyn(a,)

tin cy: khi mt processor hng th cng vic ca nc chia s gia cc processor cn li



Phn loi h thng song song

a x l i xng (symmetric multiprocessor)

Mi processor vn hnh mt bn sao h iu hnh gingnhau

Cc copy d liu cho nhau khi cn

(Windows NT, Solaris 5.0, Digital UNIX, OS/2, Linux)

a x l bt i xng (asymmetric multiprocessor)

Mi processor thc thi mt cng vic khc nhau

Master processor nh thi v phn cng vic cho cc slave processors

(SunOS 4.0)



H thng phn tn

Mi processor c b nh ring, giao tip vi nhau qua

cc knh ni nh mng, bus tc cao

Ngi dng ch thy mt h thng n nht

Giao tiep mang

Bo x ly

Bo nh

He thong may tnh 1

Giao tiep mang

Bo x ly

Bo nh

He thong may tnh 2

Mang



u im h thng phn tn (distributed system, loosely-coupled system)

Chia s ti nguyn (resource sharing)

Chia s sc mnh tnh ton (computational

sharing)

tin cy cao (high reliability)

sn sng cao (high availability): cc dch v

ca h thng c cung cp lin tc cho d mt

thnh phn hardware tr nn hng



Cc m hnh h thng phn tn

Client-server

Server: cung cp dch v

Client: c th s dng dch v ca server

Peer-to-peer (P2P)

Cc peer (my tnh trong h thng) u nganghng nhau

Khng c c s d liu tp trung

Cc peer l t tr

V d: Gnutella



H thng thi gian thc (real-time system) S dng trong cc thit b chuyn dng nh iu khin cc th

nghim khoa hc, iu khin trong y khoa, dy chuyn cng

nghip, thit b gia dng, qun s

Rng buc v thi gian: hard v soft real-time

Hard real-time

Hn ch (hoc khng c) b nh ph, tt c d liu nm trongb nh chnh (RAM hoc ROM)

Yu cu v thi gian p ng/x l rt nghim ngt, thng sdng trong iu khin cng nghip, robotics,

Soft real-time

Thng c dng trong lnh vc multimedia, virtual reality viyu cu mm do hn v thi gian p ng



H thng nhng

in thoi di ng (smartphone)

My tnh bng

c trng ca cc thit b ny

B nh nh (512 KB - 128 MB - 4GB)

Tc processor thp ( t tn pin)

Mn hnh hin th c kch thc nh

C th dng cc cng ngh kt ni nh IrDA, Bluetooth, wireless

C th c mt hoc nhiu cm bin khc nhau


Ni dung

Tng quan

Phn loi h iu hnh



Lch s pht trin ca h iu hnh

Th h 1 (1945 - 1955)

Thit k, xy dng, lp trnh, thao tc: do 1 nhm

ngi

Lu trn phiu c l

Th h 2 (1955 - 1965)

Xut hin s phn cng cng vic

H thng s l theo l ra i, lu trn bng t

Hot ng di s iu khin c bit ca 1

chng trnh


3. Lch s pht trin ca h iu hnh

Th h 3 (1965 - 1980)

Ra i h iu hnh, khi nim a chng

HH chia s thi gian nh CTSS ca MIT

MULTICS, UNIX

Th h 4 (1980)

Ra i my tnh c nhn, IBM PC

HH MS-DOS, MacOS (Apple Macintosh), MS Windows,

OS/1

Linux, QNX, HH mng,

31


Windows And Linux Evolution

Nhn Windows v Linux c da trn nhng nn tng pht trin t gia nhng nm 1970s

(see http://www.levenez.com for diagrams showing history of Windows & Unix)

1970 1980 1990 2000

1970 1980 1990 2000


Tng kt

nh ngha HH

Cc chc nng ca HH


Di gc loi my tnh

MainFrame

Server

CPU

My tnh c nhn (PC)

PDA (Embedded OS - h iu hnh nhng)

H iu hnh dnh cho my chuyn bit

H iu hnh dnh cho th chp (SmartCard)

Tng kt


Di gc h thng x l

H thng x l theo l


H thng song song

H thng phn tn

H thng x l thi gian thc

Tng kt


Nu cu trc h thng my tnh?

HH c nhng chc nng chnh no?

Theo gc h thng x l, HH c phn

thnh my loi? K tn?

Nhng yu cu ca h iu hnh i vi h

thng chia s thi gian?

Cu hi n tp


Kt thc chng 1

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Slide Bài Giảng Hệ Diều Hành Chương 1 - UIT