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<Insert Picture Here> Topic :  The Xen of  Virtualization on Linux   Speaker: Dan Magenheimer 13 th  May 2008   @

Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

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Page 1: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

<Insert Picture Here>

Topic :  The Xen of  Virtualization on Linux

  Speaker: Dan Magenheimer

13th May 2008   @

Page 2: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

What is virtualization?

A brief history of computing…

Page 3: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Three immutable(?) laws of computing

1. Wirth’s law: Software gets slower faster than hardware gets faster

2. …3. ..

Page 4: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Three immutable(?) laws of computing

1. Wirth’s law: Software gets slower faster than hardware gets faster: “What Grove giveth, Gates taketh away”

2. …3. …

Page 5: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Three immutable(?) laws of computing

1. …2. Everything in computing can be solved by adding 

another layer of indirection (/ abstraction)3. …

Page 6: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Three immutable(?) laws of computing

1. …2. …3. There’s nothing new in computing that IBM didn’t 

already invent 30 (40, 50) years ago

Page 7: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Three immutable laws of computing -- or are they (immutable?)

1. Software gets slower faster than hardware gets faster, aka “What Grove giveth, Gates taketh away”

2. Everything in computing can be solved by adding another layer of indirection (/ abstraction)

3. There’s nothing new in computing that IBM didn’t already invent 30 (40, 50) years ago

Page 8: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 9: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 10: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 11: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 12: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 13: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 14: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 15: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 16: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 17: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 18: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 19: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 20: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 21: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 22: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 23: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 24: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 25: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 26: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 27: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 28: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 29: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling
Page 30: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

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Overview:Virtualization Technology 

Page 31: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Defining Virtualization

• Abstraction of underlying technology• Decouple workloads from resource boundaries

• Benefit: • Increased agility in matching resources to the changing needs of your workload:

• Performance

• Availability• Security• Stability

Workload

P

A

S

Page 32: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

X86/64 Bare­Metal Server

CPU I/O

MemI/O

CPU

Mem

Proprietary Server Hardware Partition

Proprietary Server Hardware Partition

CPU I/O

Mem CPU I/O

Mem

Server Virtualization Technologies

CPU I/O

X86 ServerHardware

Host OS

Guest VMGuest OS

WorkloadApps, etc.

Guest VMGuest OS

WorkloadApps, etc.

Host OSHost OS

OS Partition

WorkloadApps, etc.

WorkloadApps, etc.

OS Partition

OS Partition

WorkloadApps, etc.

WorkloadApps, etc.

OS Partition

OS Partitioning, e.g.•Solaris Containers•AIX dLPARs•HP vPARs

Host OS­based, e.g•VMware Workstation•Microsoft Virtual Server

Hypervisor­based, e.g.

• Oracle VM• VMware ESX Server• Citrix XenServer• Windows Hyper­V

Hypervisor

Guest OS

Guest VM

WorkloadApps, etc.

Guest OS

Guest VM

WorkloadApps, etc.

Hardware Partitioning, e.g.•Sun SPARC Domains•IBM PPARs•HP nPARs

Mem

• Primarily desktop• Easy to use• Very slow (2 OSes)

• Excellent isolation• Expensive, proprietary hw• Coarse grain resources• Mix OSes / versions

• Only moderate isolation• Potentially good scalability• Fine­grained resources• Cannot mix OS/patch levels

• Excellent isolation• Affordable, multi­source hw• Fine­grained resources• Mix OSes / versions

Page 33: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

“Hypervisor” Vs. “Virtualization Server”?• Terms commonly used interchangeably but actually 

technically distinct:• A hypervisor is a very low­level, very efficient platform code 

layer that allows multiple operating systems to run on a host computer at the same time

• Fundamental abstraction of physical compute resources

• I/O resources may­ (VMware) or may not (Xen) be handled by the hypervisor itself

• Allows resource (re)allocation between VMs without disruption

• A virtualization server includes a hypervisor function but also includes additional functionality, e.g.

• I/O resource/traffic management (Xen)• Server configuration, access, and security management, etc.

Page 34: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Hardware Support for Virtualization (HVM)Where does it fit­in?• Goal: efficiently insure VM OSes are not “hurting” each other

• E.g. Trying to unsafely modify common resources/state, etc.

• Use unmodified OS

• Use unmodified OS

• HVM hardware not req’d (but rapidly not an issue)

• Good­to­excellent performance vs. bare­metal

Benefits: Comments:Purpose:Techniques:

• Poor perf. today

• HVM hardware req’d (but rapidly not an issue)

Design the hardware so it knows how to handle inappropriate requests itself.  (Note: PV drivers can be used with an otherwise unmodified OS, e.g. Windows, to improve performance) 

Hardware virtualization (HVM); e.g. Oracle VM & Xen

• Poor scalability esp. under I/O load 

Design the virtualization server to intercept or “trap” harmful requests and/or translate requests into appropriate forms

Emulation / translation, e.g. VMware ESX

• PV OS kernel req’d (but rapidly not an issue)

Modify the OS and/or drivers so they knows how to behave in a virtual environment  

Paravirtualization (PV) e.g. Oracle VM & Xen

Page 35: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

X86/64 Bare­Metal Server

CPU I/O

MemI/O

CPU

Mem

Hypercall API

Hypervisor

Anatomy of a Virtualization Server

X86/64 Bare­Metal Server

CPU I/O

MemI/O

CPU

Mem

Emulation­based, e.g.•VMware ESX Server

Paravirtualization (PV)­based, e.g.

•Oracle VM•Citrix XenServer•Windows Hyper­V

Emulation & Translation Software

Proprietary Device DriversMic

ro­

kern

el

Guest OSGuest VM

WorkloadApps, etc.

Guest OSGuest VM

WorkloadApps, etc.

ConsoleOS

• Machine images run unmodified: broad compatibility

• Does not leverage or require HV hardware• Poor I/O scalability due to emulation architecture• Not open: dependent on virt. vendor for drivers

• Excellent scalability, esp. I/O with PV guests• Requires PV OS kernel for best perf.• Requires HV hardware for unmodified images• Open: wide device support: uses native (e.g. 

Linux) device drivers

Guest OSPV Guest VM

WorkloadApps, etc.

Guest OSHV Guest VM

WorkloadApps, etc.

Mgmt &ControlDomain

DeviceEmulation(for HVM)

NativeDeviceDrivers(for PV)

Page 36: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Anatomy of an Oracle VM ServerKey Concepts:  Dom0 & DomU

• “Dom0” is a privileged management and control domain typically containing…

• A thin control kernel based on Oracle Enterprise Linux

• Open / native Linux device drivers• Oracle VM Manager agent• Device emulation code to support non­

PV guests (e.g. Windows)

• Dom0 should not contain ‘user’ applications as a best practice 

• Minimize performance & security risks• Minimize code size

• “DomU” is an unprivileged/user domain that is a guest VM on the server

• Run any normal server workload• One domU is not aware of another

X86/64 Bare­Metal Server

Hypercall API

Xen.org­based Hypervisor

Guest OS

PV Guest VM

WorkloadApps, etc.

Guest OS

HV Guest VM

WorkloadApps, etc.

domU domUOracle EL­basedMgmt & Control

Domain

Native DeviceDrivers (for PV)

dom0

Mgr AgentXMLrpc

ssl

DeviceEmulation(for HVM)

Page 37: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Hypercall API

Hypervisor

Guest OS

PV Guest VM

WorkloadApps, etc.

domU

netfront driver

blockfront driver

Anatomy of an Oracle VM ServerKey Concepts: Driver Architecture: PV

• For PV guests, driver abstraction:• Replaces hardware­specific drivers

• One network driver• One block driver

• Very stable / rarely changes• Excellent guest stability 

• Front­end drivers (net & block)• Inside the VM / domU OS

• Back­end drivers (net & block)• In dom0 / shared

• Open, native hardware vendor drivers• Uses open Linux drivers

• Virtualization server manages high­performance communication front <­> back

• Can leverage dom0 kernel security features, e.g. packet sniffing, firewalling, & rate control, etc.  

X86/64 Bare­Metal Server

Oracle EL­basedMgmt & Control

Domain

Native DeviceDrivers (for PV)

dom0

netback driver

blockback driver

Mgr AgentXMLrpc

ssl

Page 38: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Hypercall API

Hypervisor

Guest OS

HV Guest VM

WorkloadApps, etc.

domU

Anatomy of an Oracle VM ServerKey Concepts: Driver Architecture: HVM

• HVM guests driver choices:• Unmodified native driver(s)

• OS typically installs basic native network and block drivers that come with the OS (not with the virtualization server)

• Device support provided via device emulation / translation in the virtualization server on top of net­ & block­back drivers in dom0

• Slower than PV due to overhead• PV drivers (front­ & back)

• HVM (unmodified) kernels can use PV drivers

• Leverages PV driver stack same as previously described

• Excellent performance

X86/64 Bare­Metal Server

Oracle EL­basedMgmt & Control

Domain

Native DeviceDrivers (for PV)

dom0

netback driver

blockback driver

Mgr AgentXMLrpc

sslDevice

Emulation(for HVM)

Page 39: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

<Insert Picture Here>

Oracle’s Virtualization Platform:Oracle VM

Page 40: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Automatic Storage Management Real Application Clusters  

Mid­Tier Server Clusters

CustomApplication

ERPApplication

SalesApplication

DataWarehouse

Oracle Grid­Based ComputingA History in Virtualization

Enterprise Manager

• Grid­Based Storage• Oracle Automatic Storage Management

• Grid­Based Server Clusters• Oracle Database• Oracle Middleware

• Grid­Based Management• Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control

Page 41: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Oracle VM

• Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling and space• Improves operational agility through the lifecycle

Fusion

Middleware

Oracle 

Database

Oracle

Applications

Non­Oracle

Applications

Oracle

Enterprise Linux

Oracle & Red Hat

Enterprise LinuxOracle 

Enterprise Linux

Oracle

Enterprise Linux

Microsoft

Windows

Oracle VM

Non­Oracle

Applications

Page 42: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Oracle VM• Server virtualization software and support

• Enterprise­class hypervisor• Free product download; low­cost support

• Runs both Linux and Windows Guests • Paravirtualized and hardware virtualized guests

• HV on x86 hardware with HVM support

• 64­bit and 32­bit guests• Up to 64­way SMP hardware• Up to 32 virtual processors per guest• Includes Live Migration at no additional cost• Integrated, browser­based management console• Free downloadable VM images 

• Enterprise­quality support worldwide

Page 43: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Oracle VM

Page 44: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Oracle VM Features• Simplified installation

• Single CD server installation• Installs and configures in a minute

• Faster stack deployment• Pre­configured Virtual Machine images of Oracle Database and 

Oracle Enterprise Linux• Live VM migration included

• Better uptime, agility, and HA• Linux and Windows guest support

• Oracle Enterprise Linux 4 and 5;• RHEL3, RHEL4 and RHEL5• On HV capable hardware: Windows 2000, Windows 2003, 

Windows Server 2003 (32­ and 64bit) and Windows XP

Page 45: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Oracle VM Manager• Browser­based management solution• Included with Oracle VM• Full VM lifecycle management:  

• Create • Configure • Clone • Share • Boot• Migrate

Page 46: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Oracle Product Certification with Oracle VM• Oracle Database• Oracle Application Server• Oracle Enterprise Manager• Oracle Berkeley DB• Oracle TimesTen• Oracle E­Business Suite• Oracle PeopleSoft• Oracle Siebel• Oracle Hyperion• More information on Metalink Note 464754.1

Page 47: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Oracle Validated Configurations

For

Oracle VM

Oracle & Alliance Partner Collaboration: 

Making Linux & Virtualization Easy to Deploy

Page 48: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Partner Support

Page 49: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Oracle’s Contributions

• Enhanced and optimized Xen technology• I/O overhead• Memory overhead• Process Scheduling

• Community involvement• Dedicated Xen development team• Code and bug fix contributions to Xen community• Members of Xen community at Oracle• Member of XenSummit committee

• Significant testing• Real­world testing with Oracle On Demand workloads• Testing with Oracle Validated configuration workloads

Page 50: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Performance Testing• Extensive real­world testing

• LMbench: microbenchmarking• Context switching, Null calls, TCP Selects, etc

• Swingbench: DB workload benchmarking• Typical OLTP workloads• Varying SGA size, # of users, # of vCPUs

• Paravirtualized domains with Enterprise Linux 4, 64bit

• Results: • On average three times less overhead compared server 

virtualization products from other vendors.• Virtual SMP scalability of Oracle VM is at 90+%

• Small workloads are at same performance as real hardware

Page 51: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

7,000+ support staff in 17 global support 

centers

1.25M service requests filed electronically 

450K service requests over the phone

110M+ web knowledge transfers

400K+ knowledge solutions

Support in 27 local languages

One Support Call for the Complete Stack

Page 52: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Summary• Oracle Uniquely Combines

• Proven Grid capabilities • Server virtualization

• Full Virtualization Strategy• Applications• Data • Servers• Storage

• Real­World Benefits• Maximized consolidation• Optimized agility• High availability• Affordable enterprise­class support

Real Application Clusters  

Mid­Tier Clusters  

CustomApplication

ERPApplicationSales

Application

DataWarehouse

Oracle Enterprise Manager Oracle VM

Automatic Storage Management

Page 53: Speaker: Dan Magenheimer · 2012. 10. 11. · • Oracle tested and supported server virtualization • Maximizes consolidation of Linux and Windows servers • Saves on power, cooling

Resources

• Virtualization Center on OTNotn.oracle.com/goto/virtualization­ wiki, downloads, discussion forum, howtos

• Oracle VM Home Pageoracle.com/virtualization

• Free Download: Oracle VM edelivery.oracle.com/oraclevm