ssaqarTveloSi moqmedi mcire aqarTveloSi moqmedi mcire …old.infocenter.gov.ge/uploads/files/2018-03/...2 winamdebare publikacia warmoadgens proeqtis _ „saqarTvelo evropul gzaze:

■ 1

ევროკავშირისაქართველოსთვის

„saqarTvelo evropul gzaze: DCFTA-isa da mcire da saSualo sawar-

moebis strategiis implementaciisTvis efeqturi modelis Seqmna“

saqarTveloSi moqmedi mcire saqarTveloSi moqmedi mcire da saSualo sawarmoebisa da da saSualo sawarmoebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis kvlevis Sedegebiorganizaciebis kvlevis SedegebisaqarTvelos mcire da saSualo sawarmoebisa (SME) da samoqalaqo

sazogadoebis organizaciebis (CSO) informireba evrokavSirTan

Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali savaWro sivrcis (DCFTA) Sesa-

xeb xelSekrulebis implementaciaze da am procesSi maTi CarTulo-

bis uzrunvelyofa

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi

www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge

2 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge

winamdebare publikacia warmoadgens proeqtis _ „saqarTvelo evropul gzaze: DCFTA-

isa da mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis strategiis implementaciisTvis efeqturi mod-

elis Seqmna“ _ nawils. proeqti 2017 wlis aprilSi daiwyo da 2019 wlis gazafxulamde

gagrZeldeba da evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebiT _ „Rrma

da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali savaWro sivrce“ _ uzrunvelyofili SesaZleblobebis

Sesaxeb informirebulobis naklebobas exeba. proeqtis mizania saqarTvelos samoqalaqo

sazogadoebis organizaciebis (CSO) rolis gazrda qveynis masStabiT DCFTA-is/SME-ebis

Sesaxeb warmoebul kampaniebSi; maTi unarebis gaZliereba adgilobrivi mcire da saSualo

zomis sawarmoebis evrokavSiris erTian bazarze wvdomisTvis mosamzadeblad saWiro dax-

marebis gasawevad.

proeqti xorcieldeba arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da kvleviTi centrebis konsorci-

umis mier „aRmosavleT evropis kvleviTi centris“ (EESC, litva) xelmZRvanelobiT: saqa-

rTvelos „biznes sakonsultacio organizaciebis asociacia“ (ABCO saqarTvelo), „saqarT-

velos politikis instituti“ (GIP, saqarTvelo), „globsekis politikis instituti“ (GPI, slovakeTi), axalgazrda mecnierTa kavSiri `inteleqti~ (saqarTvelo), „aTinaTi“ (saqarT-

velo) da asociacia „kavkasiis genetika“ (saqarTvelo).

proeqti dafinansebulia evrokavSiris „evropuli samezoblo instrumentis“ mier.

es publikacia Seqmnilia evrokavSiris mxardaWeriT. mis Sinaarsze srulad pasuxismgebel-

ni arian proeqtis partniorebi da ar niSnavs rom igi asaxavs evrokavSiris Sexedulebebs.

■ 3

abreviaturebi

AA _ asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba

Adjara A.R. _ aWaris avtonomiuri respublika

ACDA _ sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis ganviTarebis saagento

ACF (Action contre la Faim) _ moZraoba SimSlis winaaRmdeg

BSO _ biznesis mxardamWeri organizacia

CIPDD _ mSvidobis, demokratiis da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri instituti

CSO _ samoqalaqo sazgadoebis organizacia

DCFTA _ Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali savaWro sivrce

ENPARD _ evropis samezoblo programa soflis meurneobisa da soflis ganviTarebisaTvis

EU _ evrokavSiri

EUR _ evro (valuta)

FAO _ gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia

FDI _ pirdapiri ucxouri investicia

GEL _ qarTuli lari (valuta)

HACCP _ safrTxis analizisa da kritikuli sakontrolo wertilebis sistema

HS Code _ harmonizebuli sistemis kodebi

IFAD _ soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso fondi

ISO _ standartizaciis saerTaSoriso organizacia

MDGs _ aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebi

PIN _ adamianebi gaWirvebaSi

RCDA _ soflad TemTa ganviTarebis saagento

SMEs _ mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebi

UMCOR _ „amqor-saqarTvelo“ _ gaerTianebuli meTodisturi komitetis humanitaruli

misia saqarTveloSi

USAID _ amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento


sarCevi

Sesavali

gamokiTxvis meTodologia

CSO-ebis identificireba

SME-ebis identificireba

1. saqarTvelos CSO-ebis identificireba

1.1. adgilobrivi CSO-ebis Sesaxeb zogadi informacia

1.2. saqarTvelos regionebSi mdebare CSO-ebis saqmianobis areali

ZiriTadi mignebebi

2. saqarTvelos SME-ebis identificireba

2.1. saqarTvelos SME-ebis Sesaxeb zogadi informacia

saqarTvelos SME-ebis warmoebis sferoebi

2.2. SME-ebis eqsportis potencialis Sefaseba

2.3. DCFTA-is Sesaxeb SME-ebis informirebulobis donis Sefaseba

ZiriTadi mignebebi

gamokiTxuli SME-ebis SWOT analizi

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Sesavali

2014 wels evrokavSirTan „asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebaze“ (AA), romelic aseve moicavs

„Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali vaWrobis sivrcis“ (DCFTA) komponents, xelis mow-

eris Semdeg, saqarTvelo evropul bazarSi integracias ramdenime nabijiT miuaxlovda.

qarTuli produqtebis xarisxis standartebis zrda qarTul biznesseqtors msoflios

sxvadasxva mxareSi eqsportisa da qveynis ekonomikuri zrdis ufro met SesaZleblobas

miscems. saqarTvelos mTavrobam, evrokavSirTan da saerTaSoriso aqtorebTan TanamS-

romlobiT, adgilobrivi biznesseqtorisTvis ramdenime programisa da servisis warmoeba

daiwyo. maT Sorisaa: evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportisTvis saWiro moTxovnebisa

da standartebis Sesaxeb konsultaciebis gamarTva, evrokavSirSi moRvawe partniorebTan

axali savaWro da sainvesticio kontaqtebis damyarebaSi daxmareba da vaWrobasTan dakav-

Sirebuli reformebisa da maregulirebeli cvlilebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gaziareba.

saqarTvelos mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebisTvis (SemdgomSi SME), DCFTA-i war-

moadgens rogorc SesaZleblobas, ise gamowvevas. eqsportisa da pirdapiri ucxouri in-

vesticiebisTvis (FDI) biZgis micemasTan erTad, DCFTA-i SesaZloa instituciuri da ma-

regulirebeli reformebis katalizatoric iyos. es ukanaskneli ki saqarTvelos Sida

standartebis evrokavSiris erTiani bazris standartebTan SesabamisobaSi mosvlas Seu-

wyobs xels. meore mxriv, DCFTA-i garkveuli cvlilebebis ganxorcielebas moiTxovs ro-

gorc qarTveli mwarmoeblebis muSaobis, aseve, maTi saqmianobis daregulirebis kuTxiT.

amisaTvis, warmoebis modernizebaSi investiciebis Cadeba da produqtebis ufro maRali

xarisxis miRweva iqneba saWiro. aqamde cxadi ar iyo, Tu ra doneze hqondaT SME-ebs am

axal da ufro mkacr moTxovnebTan adaptirebis survili da SesaZlebloba. saqarTvelos

SME-ebis DCFTA-isTan adaptirebis saWiroebebis ukeT gasagebad, qarTuli da evropuli

organizaciebis konsociumma, 2017 wlis zafxulSi, saqarTvelos masStabiT gamokiTxva

daiwyo proeqtis farglebSi _ „saqarTvelo evropul gzaze: DCFTA-isa da mcire da saSu-

alo sawarmoebis strategiis implementaciisTvis efeqturi modelis Seqmna“. gamokiTxvis

meSveobiT adgilobrivi mwarmoeblebis evrokavSiris regulaciebTan adaptirebisa da ev-

rokavSiris erTian bazarSi integraciisTvis mzadyofna fasdeba.

DCFTA-is implementaciis sakiTxSi, konsociumis mier samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organi-

zaciebis (SemdgomSi CSO) mniSvnelobasac gaesva xazi. mimdinare sainformacio kampaniebis

miuxedavad, DCFTA-is Sesaxeb biznesis mflobelebis, menejerebisa da farTo mosaxleobis

informirebuloba saqarTveloSi kvlav dabal doneze rCeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom am fonze,

CSO-ebs SeswevT imis unari, rom iyvnen e.w. „kampaniis agentebi“ da asocirebis SeTanxmebis/

DCFTA-is sargeblianobis Sesaxeb mosaxleobis mniSvnelovan nawils miawodon informacia

iseve, rogorc, reformebsa da implementaciis procesis progress gauwion advokatireba.

proeqtis _ „saqarTvelo evropul gzaze: DCFTA-isa da mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis

strategiis implementaciisTvis efeqturi modelis Seqmna“ _ saboloo mizani DCFTA-isa

da „saqarTvelos mcire da saSualo mewarmeobis strategiis“1 implementaciis proces-

Si saqarTvelos CSO-ebisa da biznesis mxardamWeri organizaciebis (BMO) unarebis ga-

Zlierebaa. orive gamokiTxvis Sedegebi im SME-ebisa da CSO-ebis2 identificirebisTvis

1 wyaro: „saqarTvelos mcire da saSualo mewarmeobis ganviTarebis strategia 2016-2020 wlebisTvis“, noem-

beri, 2015.2 CSO-ebis SerCeva aseve moicavs biznesis mxardamWer organizaciebs (BMO), romlebic cxra regionsa da

aWaris a.r-SimoRvaweoben.

saqarTvelos BMO-ebis did nawils saqmianobis farTo speqtri aqvs. biznesis mxardaWeris garda, isini saqa-

rTvelos samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Semadgeneli nawilebi arian da iseT aqtivobebs axorcieleben, romlebic

CSO-ebis eqspertizisa da saqmianobis arealSi eqceva. funqciebis amgvari gadafarva CSO-ebisa da BMO-ebisT-

vis Cveuli movlenaa, rac saqarTvelos CSO-ebis identificirebisTvis BMO-ebis gamoyenebas marTebuls xdis.


iqneba gamoyenebuli, romelTac am proeqtTTan TanamSromlobisa da masSi gawerili aq-

tivobebiT sargeblobis potenciali aqvT. proeqti gulisxmobs CSO-ebis unarebisa da

SesaZleblobebis gaZlierebisTvis treningebis Catarebas imisaTvis, rom maT: a) DCFTA-is

Sesaxeb cnobierebis asamaRlebeli kampaniebis warmoebaSi Seitanon wvlili da b) evrokav-

Siris erTian bazarze Sesvlisa da misiT sargeblobis sakiTxze konsultaciebi gauwion da

daexmaron adgilobriv SME-ebs.

winamdebare angariSis pirveli nawili saqarTvelos CSO-ebis gamokiTxvis Sedegebs asaxavs.

is, saqarTvelos regionebSi moqmedi im CSO-ebis identificirebis aTvlis wertilad ga-

moiyeneba, romlebic ekonomikur da evrokavSirTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze muSaoben da

romlebsac unarebis gaZlierebisTvis saTanado programebSi CarTvis da, agreTve, DCFTA-

is/SME-ebis strategiis implementaciaSi monawileobis miRebisa da masSi sakuTari wvli-

lis Setanis SesaZlebloba da survili aqvT.

CSO-ebis gamokiTxvis mizani iyo:

regionul CSO-ebsa da BMO-ebze zogadi informaciis Segroveba;

saqarTvelos CSO-ebisa da BMO-ebis unarebis Sefaseba, Tu ramdenad SeuZliaT

maT daxmareba gauwion DCFTA-is/SME-ebis strategiis implementacias da CaerTon

DCFTA-ze cnobierebis asamaRlebel kampaniebSi qveynis masStabiT;

proeqtiT gaweril aqtivobebSi monawileobisaTvis CSO-ebisa da BMO-ebis Sesa-

Zleblobebisa da survilis identificireba;

DCFTA-is/SME-ebis strategiis implementaciis Sesaxeb damatebiTi informaciis

miRebisa da proeqtis aqtivobebSi monawileobis survilis Sefaseba.

winamdebare angariSis meore nawili saqarTveloSi moqmedi SME-ebis gamokiTxvis Sedegebs

asaxavs da evrokavSiris erTian bazarze qarTveli mwarmoeblebis Sesvlis mzaobasa da am

gzaze maTTvis arsebuli gamowvevebis gaanalizebas isaxavs miznad. gamokiTxvis Sedegad

miRebulma monacemebma konsorciums saSualeba misca, SME-ebis gamocdileba da SME-ebis

mxardaWeris arsebul programebSi maTi monawileoba gaeanalizebina.

saqarTvelos SME-ebis identificirebis ZiriTadi mizani iyo:

regionul SME-ebze zogadi informaciis miReba da maTi profilebis gansazRvra

(warmoebis moculoba da eqsportis potenciali);

DCFTA-is sakiTxebze maTi informirebulobis donis dadgena;

evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis potencialisa da monawileobis Sefaseba;

im ZiriTadi gamowvevebis gansazRvra, romlebic evrokavSiris erTian bazarze maT

ufro efeqturad yofnas abrkolebs.

■ 7

gamokiTxvis meTodologia

CSO-ebis identificireba

adgilobrivi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis identificirebis procesi 2017

wlis zafxulSi saqarTvelos cxra regionsa da aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi ganx-

orcielda. adgilobrivi CSO-ebis identificirebis dros mkvlevarebma aRmoaCines, rom

saqarTveloSi CSO-ebis sando monacemTa baza ar arsebobs; onlain siebi yovlismomcveli

ar aris da iq registrirebuli CSO-ebidan bevri aRar funqcionirebs. DCFTA-s farglebSi

regionuli ganviTarebis mimarT mzardi interesis gaTvaliswinebiT, adgilobrivi samoqa-

laqo sazogadoebebidan im partniorebis identificirebaa mniSvnelovani, romlebsac adg-

ilobriv qselebSi aqtiuri CarTulobiTa da warmomadgenlobiT ganviTarebis programebis

mxardaWera SeuZliaT.

CSO-ebis SerCevaSi CaerTo is organizaciebi, romlebic Semdeg kriteriumebs akmayofileben:

iuridiulad registrirebulni arian da saqarTvelos regionebSi moRvaweo-

ben. SerCevidan gamoiricxa TbilisSi registrirebuli CSO-ebi, radgan proeqti

yuradRebas amaxvilebs regionuli CSO-ebis unarebis ganviTarebasa da maTTvis

monawileobis SesaZleblobebis micemaze;

TavianT regionebSi aqtiurad axorcieleben sxvadasxva aqtivobebs;

prioriteti mieniWaT iseT CSO-ebs, romlebic DCFTA-isTan dakavSirebuli Tem-

atikisTvis relevantur sferoebSi muSaoben. aseTebia: regionuli ganviTareba,

mewarmeobis mxardaWera, evropuli integracia da advokatireba. regionuli cen-

trebis gareT moqmedi CSO-ebis simciris gamo, identificirebis procesSi sxva

Temebze momuSave CSO-ebic iqnen CarTulni.

CSO-ebi 61 municipalitetsa da 168 organizaciaSi gamoikiTxa (ixileT cxrili #1) da Ti-

Toeul municipalitetSi saSualod sami organizacia identificirda. moqmedi CSO-ebi ar

dafiqsirda zogierT samizne municipalitetSi, umetesad, mTian regionebsa da patara an

regionuli centridan moSorebiT mdebare municipalitetebSi.


cxrili #1.

gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis raodenoba regionebis da aWaris avtonomiur respublikis mixedviT

SME-ebis identificireba

SME-s identificirebis procesSi, saqarTvelos cxra regionsa da aWaris avtonomiur re-

spublikaSi, im mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebis gansazRvra da gamokiTxva moxda, ro-

melTac DCFTA-is farglebSi evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis aSkara potenciali

aqvT (axla an momavalSi). kvleva qveynis masStabiT warmoebul reprezentatul gamokiTx-

vas gulisxmobda. gamokiTxvisTvis SME-ebis SerCeva xdeboda im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki isini

akmayofilebdnen Semdeg kriteriumebs:

iuridiulad registrirebulni arian da saqarTvelos regionebSi moRvaweoben.

TbilisSi registrirebuli SME-ebi ganzrax iqna gamoricxuli SerCevidan, radgan

aRniSnuli proeqtis mizani regionuli SME-ebis CarTuloba da mxardaWeraa;

Seesabamebian mcire an saSualo zomis sawarmoebis „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado

kodeqsiT“3 da „saqarTvelos erovnuli sainvesticio saagentos Sesaxeb“4 kanoniT

3 saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis mixedviT, mcire biznesis statusi eniWebaT mewarmeebs (fizikur pirebs),

romelTa ekonomikuri saqmianobidan miRebuli erToblivi Semosavali erTi kalendruli wlis ganmavloba-

Si ar aRemateba 100,000 lars. mikro biznesis statusi eniWebaT mewarmeebs (fizikur pirebs), romlebic ar

iyeneben daqiravebul muSaxels, damoukideblad ewevian ekonomikur saqmianobas da maTi wliuri, jamuri

erToblivi Semosavali ar aRemateba 30,000 lars. wyaro: „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi“ (2010).4 SME-s ganmarteba _ „saqarTvelos erovnuli sainvesticio saagentos Sesaxeb“ kanonis mixedviT, ganisaz-

Rvreba dasaqmebulTa raodenobiT da [wliuri] brunviT, romelic saqarTvelos saWiroebebzea morgebu-

li. igi SME-s seqtorze oficialuri statistikis kompilaciisTvis gamoiyeneba. mcire zomis sawarmoebi

wliurad araumetes 100 adamians asaqmeben da maTi wliuri brunva ar aRemateba 1,500,000 lars. mcire

sawarmoebi wliurad asaqmeben 20-mde adamians da maTi wliuri brunva ar aRemateba 500,000 lars. wyaro:

saqarTvelos kanoni „saqarTvelos erovnuli sainvesticio saagentos Sesaxeb“.

gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis

raodenobaregioni/avtonomiuri respublika

aWaris avtonomiuri respublika (aWaris a.r.) municipalitetebi:

baTumi, qobuleTi, xelvaCauri, qeda, Suaxevi, xulo.

guria municipalitetebi: ozurgeTi, Coxatauri, lanCxuTi.

imereTi municipalitetebi: quTaisi, zestafoni, saCxere,

samtredia, WiaTura, wyaltubo, tyibuli, baRdaTi, vani,

xaragauli, xoni, Terjola.

kaxeTi municipalitetebi: axmeta, sagarejo, dedofliswyaro,

siRnaRi, gurjaani, Telavi, yvareli, lagodexi.

qvemo qarTli municipalitetebi: marneuli, bolnisi, dmanisi,

gardabani, TeTriwyaro, walka.

mcxeTa-mTianeTi municipalitetebi: yazbegi, mcxeTa, duSeTi,

TianeTi.

raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi municipalitetebi: ambrolauri,

oni, cageri, lentexi.

samegrelo-zemo svaneTi municipalitetebi: zugdidi, abaSa,

martvili, senaki, Cxorowyu, walenjixa, xobi, mestia.

samcxe-javaxeTi municipalitetebi: borjomi, axalcixe, adigeni,

aspinZa, axalqalaqi, ninowminda.

Sida qarTli municipalitetebi: gori, xaSuri, kaspi, qareli.

sul:

49

4

7

15

15

11

2

31

16

18

168

■ 9

dadgenil gansazRvrebas;

awarmoeben saqonels, romelic potenciurad SesaZloa evrokavSiris erTian ba-

zarze eqsportirdes. servisis mimwodebeli sawarmoebi kvlevidan gamoiricxa.

identificirebuli kompaniebi DCFTA-isan dakavSirebuli programebis potenciur part-

niorebad an maT beneficiarebad iqna miCneuli. kvlevis gegma iyo gamokiTxvis Catareba

61 municipalitetSi da maTgan TiToeulSi 10 SME-s gamokiTxva. saerTo jamSi, kvlevaSi

monawileoba miiRo 559 SME-m5, TiToeul municipalitetSi daaxloebiT cxra gamokiTx-

uliT (ix. cxrili #2). oTx regionsa da aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi 10 an meti

SME iqna gamokiTxuli, maSin, roca danarCen regionebSi gamokiTxuli SME-ebis raodenoba

xuTidan cxramde meryeobs. gamokiTxulTa raodenoba dabali iyo zogierT mTian region-

Si, gansakuTrebiT ki mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionSi, sadac moqmedi SME-ebis SedarebiT mcire

raodenoba Seesabameboda SerCevis kriteriumebs.

cxrili #2. gamokiTxuli SME-ebis raodenoba regionebis mixedviT

orive gamokiTxva Tvisobrivi meTodis gamoyenebiT Catarda. subieqtebs sTxoves SeevsoT

Ria da daxuruli kiTxvebisgan Semdgari eleqtronuli kiTxvari. kiTxvaridan miRebuli

monacemebi „eqselSi“ damuSavda. meore fazaSi ki savele kvleva Catarda _ mkvlevarebi

regionebSi dadiodnen da kvlevis subieqtebTan pirispir interviuebs atarebdnen (onlain

meTodis dros gamoyenebuli igive kiTxvarebiT).

5 aRsaniSnavia, rom Catarebuli gamoklvevis procesSi imaze meti SME iqna identificirebuli vidre es

winamdebare angariSSia miTiTebuli, Tumca zogierTTan gamokiTxvis Catareba ver moxerxda, sxvadasxva

mizezebiT maTi droebiTi xelmiuwvdomlobis gamo. interviuerebi itoveben maT sakontaqto informacias

da SerCevis gazrdis SesaZleblobas gaiTvaliswineben, raTa gamokiTxvis meore etapze (proeqtis saboloo

etapi), romelic 2019 welsaa dagegmili, aRniSnuli SME-ebi kvlevaSi CaerTon.

gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis

raodenobaregioni/avtonomiuri respublika

aWaris avtonomiuri respublika (aWaris a.r.) municipalitetebi:

baTumi, qobuleTi, xelvaCauri, qeda, Suaxevi, xulo.

guria municipalitetebi: ozurgeTi, Coxatauri, lanCxuTi.

imereTi municipalitetebi: quTaisi, zestafoni, saCxere,

samtredia, WiaTura, wyaltubo, tyibuli, baRdaTi, vani,

xaragauli, xoni, Terjola.

kaxeTi municipalitetebi: axmeta, sagarejo, dedofliswyaro,

siRnaRi, gurjaani, Telavi, yvareli, lagodexi.

qvemo qarTli municipalitetebi: marneuli, bolnisi, dmanisi,

gardabani, TeTriwyaro, walka.

mcxeTa-mTianeTi municipalitetebi: yazbegi, mcxeTa, duSeTi,

TianeTi.

raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi municipalitetebi: ambrolauri,

oni, cageri, lentexi.

samegrelo-zemo svaneTi municipalitetebi: zugdidi, abaSa,

martvili, senaki, Cxorowyu, walenjixa, xobi, mestia.

samcxe-javaxeTi municipalitetebi: borjomi, axalcixe, adigeni,

aspinZa, axalqalaqi, ninowminda.

Sida qarTli municipalitetebi: gori, xaSuri, kaspi, qareli.

sul:

64

30

112

60

55

20

45

62

62

49

559


CSO-ebisTvis gankuTvnili naxevrad struqturirebuli kiTxvari Sedgeboda 16 kiTxvis-

gan. is Semdegnairad iyo dajgufebuli: adgilobriv CSO-ebis Sesaxeb zogadi informacia

(nawili I); maTi saqmianobis areali, maT Soris _ samizne jgufebi, samuSao sferoebi da

komunikaciis saSualebebi (nawili II). SME-ebisTvis gankuTvnili naxevrad struqturire-

buli kiTxvari, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeboda 30 kiTxvisgan da sam nawilad iyofoda: nawili I _

SME-ebis Sesaxeb zogadi informacia; nawili II _ eqsportis potencialis Sefaseba, nawili

III _ DCFTA-s Sesaxeb informirebulobis donis gansazRvra.

gamokiTxvis Catarebis meTodologia moicavda:

samagido kvlevas: CSO-ebis Sesaxeb saWiro monacemebis, maT Soris, siebisa da

sakontaqto informaciis mopoveba iseTi wyaroebidan rogoricaa: csogeorgia.org, cso.ge da CIPDD-is mier Sedgenili monacemTa baza6; xolo SME-ebis SemTxveva-

Si: samizne municipalitetebSi mdebare „saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis samin-

istros“ sakonsultacio centrebi, Bia.ge da „saqarTvelos savaWro-samrewvelo

palata“. samizne SME-ebisa da CSO-ebis identificirebis procesSi mkvlevarebma

aseve CarTes samizne mulicipatetebSi mdebare Sesabamisi samTavrobo departa-

mentebi da partniori organizaciebis qselebi.

savele kvleva: samizne SME-ebTan da CSO-ebTan interviuebis adgilze Catareba

naxevrad struqturirebuli kiTxvarebis gamoyenebiT, Semdegi partniori (qar-

Tuli) organizaciebis mier xorcieldeboda: GIP, ABCO, axalgazrda mecnierTa

kavSiri „inteleqti“, `aTinaTi~ da „kavkasiis genetika“.

onlain gamokiTxva: kiTxvarebi onlain aitvirTa da kvlevis subieqtebs isini in-

terviuerebis mier gagzavnili linkebis saSualebiT unda SeevsoT.

satelefono gamokiTxva: samizne SME-ebisa da CSO-ebis warmomadgenlebTan daka-

vSireba da gamokiTxva imave kiTxvaris gamoyenebiT, rogorc es onlain- da savele

kvlevis dros xorcieldeboda.

SerCeva cdomilebis gareSe ar arsebobs, amdenad, rogorc CSO-ebis, aseve SME-ebis iden-

tificirebisas cdomilebis xarisxi 3% iyo.

6 wyaro: qarTuli CSO-ebis monacemTa baza, „mSvidobis, demokratiis da ganviTarebis kavkasiis instituti“

(CIPDD), www.cipdd.org.

■ 11

1. saqarTvelos CSO-ebis identificireba

saqarTvelos CSO-ebis identificirebis mizania saqarTvelos regionebSi momuSave adg-

ilobrivi organizaciebis profilebis gansazRvra da DCFTA-isTan dakavSirebul pro-

eqtebSi, adgilobrivi partniorebis ufro sistemur CarTulobaSi wvlilis Setana. qve-

moT mocemul qveTavebSi saubari exeba: CSO-ebis regionul ganawilebas da maT zomas;

maTi saqmianobis areals, relevantur samizne jgufebsa da adgilobriv dainteresebul

mxareebTan wvdomisaTvis gamosayenebel sakomunikacio saSualebebs; DCFTA-is mimarT ar-

sebul maT interesebs.

1.1. adgilobrivi CSO-ebis Sesaxeb zogadi informacia

gamokiTxuli regionebi zomis, socialuri da ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da infras-

truqturasTan xelmisawvdomobis mixedviT erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba. gamokiTxvis Sede-

gebic TvalnaTliv aCvenebs, rom qveynis masStabiT moqmedi CSO-ebis ganawileba proporci-

uli ar aris. moqmedi CSO-ebis udidesi nawili aWaris a.r.-Si (49 CSO, saerTo raodenobis

29%) mdebareobs, xolo yvelaze mcire _ raWa-leCxumsa da qvemo svaneTis regionebSi. am

ukanasknelSi, gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis mxolod 1% mdebareobs (ix. diagrama #1.1.).

diagrama # 1.1. gamokiTxuli CSO-ebi regionebis mixedviT

regionSi moqmedi CSO-ebis umetesoba SedarebiT mcire zomisaa. gamokiTxvis Sedegebi

aCvenebs, rom CSO-ebis 64%-Si dasaqmebulTa raodenoba 1-dan 5 adamianamde meryeobs.

6-dan 30-mde dasaqmebuli CSO-ebis 33%-s hyavs, xolo dasaqmebulTa raodenoba 30-s gamok-

iTxuli CSO-ebis mxolod 3%-Si aRemateba. SedarebiT didi zomis CSO-ebi ufro did qa-

laqebSia Tavmoyrili: ori maTgani mdebareobs gorSi, erTi quTaisSi da erTic baTumSi.

xSir SemTxvevaSi, SedarebiT did CSO-ebs filialebi an ofisebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva

regionebSic aqvT (ix. diagrama #1.2.).

18%

4%

1%

11%

7%

9%10%

9%

29%

afxazeTi

soxumi

zugdidi

quTaisi

gori

rusTavi

axalcixe Tbilisi

TelavimcxeTaozurgeTi

baTumi

ambrolauri

samegrelo-zemo svaneTi

raWa-leCxumi da

qvemo svaneTi

samcxe-javaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

kaxeTi

guria

aWara

imereTiSida qarTli

qvemo qarTli

2%


CSO-ebis umravlesoba mxolod im erT regionSi muSaobs, sadac daregistrirebulia.

gamokiTxuli organizaciebis 81% miuTiTebs, rom maT sxva adgilebSi filialebi ar aqvT,

xolo 19% miuTiTebs, rom aqvT. im CSO-ebis umravlesoba, romelsac sxva regionebSic

aqvs filialebi aWaris a.r.-sa da Sida qarTlSi mdebareobs. aRsaniSnavia, rom CSO-ebis

umravlesoba, romelic ufro didi organizaciis nawils warmoadgens an saqarTvelos sxva

regionSi mqone filialis arsebobaze miuTiTebs, Tavadaa TbilisSi dafuZnebuli da moq-

medi organizaciebis filiali7 (ix. diagrama #1.4.).

diagrama #1.4. CSO-ebi, romlebsac sxva regionebSic aqvT filialebi

-ze meti

-ze meti

aWar

is a

.r.

qvem

o q

arT

li

mcxeT

a-mT

ianeT

i

raW

a-l

eCxu

mi d

a qv

emo

sva

neTi

sameg

rel

o z

emo

-sva

neTi

samc

xe-j

avax

eTi

Sida

qar

Tl

i

gur

ia

imer

eTi

kaxeT

i

diagrama #1.2. CSO-ebis zoma dasaqmebulTa

raodenobis mixedviT

diagrama # 1.3. CSO-ebis zoma dasaqmebulTa

raodenobisa da regionebis mixedviT

aqvT filialebi ar aqvT filialebi

7 TbilisSi dafuZnebuli da moqmedi CSO-ebi aRniSnuli kvlevis sagani ar iyo, radgan proeqti uSualod

saqarTvelos regionebSi mdebare CSO-ebze fokusirdeba, Tumca gamokiTxvaSi TbilisSi dafuZnebuli CSO-

ebis regionuli filialebic monawileobdnen.

■ 13

1.2. saqarTvelos regionebSi mdebare CSO-ebis saqmianobis areali

CSO-ebis identificirebis Sesaxeb angariSis es nawili adgilobrivi organizaciebis pro-

filebze ufro detalur informacias iZleva. aRniSnul qveTavi aanalizebs CSO-ebis adg-

ils maT samizne jgufebSi, afasebs ramdenad relevanturia adgilobrivi CSO-ebis saqmi-

anobis areali DCFTA-is implementaciisTvis da komunikaciis im instrumentebs ajamebs,

romlebsac CSO-ebi samizne auditoriebisTvis xmis misawvdenad iyeneben.

gamokiTxvis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi aCvenebs, rom SME-ebis mxardaWeris saqmeSi saqa-

rTvelos CSO-ebis mcire raodenobaa CarTuli. samizne jgufebis CamoTvlisas, CSO-ebis

mxolod 9%-ma miuTiTa, rom isini SME-ebis warmomadgenlebTan muSaoben; rac Seexeba

agrobiznesebs, isini adgilobrivi CSO-ebis 8%-is saqmianobis fokusSia; CSO-ebis 14% ki

adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebTan muSaobs. aRsaniSnavia, rom CSO-ebis mxri-

dan am ukanasknelTan ufro axlo TanamSromloba adgilobriv doneze SME-ebis ganviTare-

bis mxardamWeri reformebis xelSewyobisTvis iqneboda sargeblis momtani.

samizne jgufebs Soris yvelaze popularuli kategoria axalgazrdoba aRmoCnda _ or-

ganizaciebis 24%-is TqmiT, isini ZiriTadad axalgazrdebTan muSaoben. gamokiTxuli or-

ganizaciebis 12%-isTvis mTavari samizne jgufi iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi arian;

10%-isTvis _ SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebi; 8%-isTvis _ eTnikuri umciresobe-

bi, 3%-isTvis _ qalebi, xolo 1%-isTvis socialurad mowyvladi jgufebi. CSO-ebis 11

%-ma yuradRebis sagnad sxva samizne jgufebi daasaxela, maT Soris: maRalmTian regionSi

mcxovrebi mosaxleoba, xandazmulebi, maswavleblebi da sxv. gamokiTxulTa 1 %-ma ki or-

ganizaciis ZiriTadi samizne jgufis identificireba ver SeZlo (ix. diagrama #1.5.).

diagrama #1.5. CSO-ebis samizne jgufebi

regionuli Taviseburebebis TvalsazrisiT, SME-ebTan da agrobiznesebTan momuSave CSO-

ebis udidesi nawili samcxe-javaxeTSia ganTavsebuli, maTgan cxra SME-ebTan muSaobs, xolo

10 _ agrobiznesebTan; aWaris a.r-Si _ SME-ebTan Svidi CSO muSaobs, agrobisznesebTan ki

xuTi; kaxeTSi xuTi organizacia muSaobs SME-ebTan, xolo Svidi agrobiznesebTan. am ori

jgufis mniSvneloba yvela sxva regionSi TiTqmis identuria, Tumca, aseT samizne jgufe-

bze orientirebuli CSO-ebis ricxvi yvela sxva regionSi orsa da eqvss Soris meryeobs.

sxva jgufebs rac Seexeba, CSO-ebs yvelaze mravalferovani samizne jgufebi aWaris a.r-Si

hyavT. iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebTan muSaobis sakiTxze specializirebuli CSO-ebis

udidesi wili (proporciulad) samegrelo-zemo svaneTsa da Sida qarTlSi (afxazeTisa da

samxreT oseTis mosazRvre teritoriebi) fiqsirdeba. eTnikuri umciresobebi ki propor-

ciulad yvelaze maRali raodenobiT samcxe-javaxeTisa da qvemo qarTlis CSO-ebis yur-

adRebis sagania (ix. diagrama #1.6.).

axalgazrdebi

TviTmmarTveloba

SME-ebis warmomadgenlebi

eTnikuri umciresobebi

agrobiznesi

qalebi

socialurad mowyvladi jgufebi

sxva

iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi (IDP)

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebi


diagrama #1.6. samizne jgufebi regionebis mixedviT

diagrama #1.7. SME-ebTan, agrobiznesebTan da TviTmmarTvel organoebTan momuSave

CSO-ebis ganawileba

kiTxvaze, romelic maTi saqmianobis arealebis identificirebas Seexeboda, gamokiTxuli

CSO-ebis 17%-ma ekonomikuri ganviTareba, 16%-ma soflis meurneoba, 13%-ma sakanonmde-

blo mxardaWera, 9%-ma ki ganaTleba miuTiTa. aRmoCnda, rom respondentebis mxolod

5% muSaobs iseT sakiTxebze, romlebic DCFTA-is implementaciasa da sursaTis uvneblobas

ukavSirdeba. kidev ufro naklebi CSO _ 4% _ muSaobs eqsportis mxardaWeraze (ix. diagrama

#1.8.). sxva sferoebi, romelsac adgilobrivi CSO-ebis saqmianoba moicavs, adamianis

uflebebs, jandacvasa da socialur sakiTxebs ukavSirdeba. aseve gamoikveTa, rom bevri

organizacia erTdroulad ramdenime sferoze muSaobs (respondentebs SekiTxvaze ramden-

ime pasuxis arCevis saSualeba hqondaT).

axalgazrdebi

TviTmmarTveloba

SME-ebis warmomadgenlebi

eTnikuri umciresobebi

aWaris a.r.

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

qvemo qarTli

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi


samcxe-javaxeTi

Sida qarTli

agrobiznesi

qalebi

socialurad mowyvladi jgufebi

sxva

iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi (IDP)

SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebi

TviTmmarTvelobamss-ebis warmomadgenlebi

aWaris a.r.

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

qvemo qarTli

mcxeTa-mTianeTi



samcxe-javaxeTi

Sida qarTli

agrobiznesi

■ 15

DCFTA-is sakiTxebze momuSave CSO-ebis yvelaze didi raodenoba samegrelo-zemo svaneT-

Si, qvemo qarTlsa da Sida qarTlis regionebSi dafiqsirda; eqsportis mxardaWeraze ori-

entirebuli CSO-ebis umravlesoba samegrelo-zemo svaneTSi, samcxe-javaxeTsa da Sida qa-

rTlSi muSaobs; ekonomikuri ganviTarebis Tematikaze momuSave organizaciebiT ki aWaris

a.r., Sida qarTli da samegrelo-zemo svaneTi liderobs (ix. cxrili 1.1.).

cxrili 1.1. saqarTvelos CSO-ebis saqmianobis areali regionebis mixedviT (cxrili miu-

TiTebs CSO-ebis raodenobas):

diagrama #1.8. saqarTvelos CSO-ebis saqmianobis areali:

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom CSO-ebi TavianT samizne jgufebTan kavSiris dasam-

yareblad komunikaciis sxvadasxva formasa da arxs (xSirad ramdenimes erTadac ki) iyene-

ben. treningebis Catareba samizne auditoriis wvdomisTvis erT-erTi yvelaze farTod

gamoyenebuli instrumentia (gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis 37%-is mier aris gamoyenebuli), mas

mohyveba publikaciebi (24%) da konsultaciebis gaweva (16%). gamokiTxvaSi CSO-ebis mier

naxseneb komunikaciis sxva saSualebebs Sorisaa: sajaro Sexvedrebi, socialuri mediis

arxebi, RonisZiebebi, mediasaSualebebSi gamocemebi da posterebis Seqmna (ix. diagrama

#1.9.).

ekonomikuri

ganviTareba

soflis

meurneoba

DCFTA-is im-plementacia

sursaTis

uvnebloba

eqsportis

mxardaweraregioni/saqmianobis areali

aWaris a.r.

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

qvemo qarTli

mcxeTa-mTianeTi



samcxe-javaxeTi

Sida qarTli

2

1

2

1

2

1

4

4

3

2

1

7

6

2

2

1

3

1

4

2

3

7

1

6

7

9

9

5

12

1

2

3

7

3

2

11

8

11

ekonomikuri ganviTareba

soflis meurneoba

sakanonmdeblo mxardaWera

ganaTleba

sursaTis uvnebloba

eqsportis mxardaWera

adamianis uflebebis dacva

jandacva

socialuri sakiTxebi

sxva

DCFTA-is implementacia


diagrama #1.9. gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis mier gamoyenebuli komunikaciis formebi

gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis 92 %-ma DCFTA-is sakiTxebze muSaobis survili gamoTqva. organi-

zaciebi, romlebic DCFTA-iT ar arian dainteresebulni (gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis 8%) ori-

entirebulni arian iseT mimarTulebebze, romelic SME-ebis ganviTarebas ar ukavSirdeba,

maT Soris, magaliTad: kultura, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis socialuri

integracia da saarCevno monitoringi (ix. diagrama #1.10.).

diagrama #1.10. DCFTA-is sakiTxebze muSaobiT dainteresebuli CSO-ebis raodenoba

DCFTA-iT dainteresebuli CSO-ebis 100%-ma ganacxada, rom DCFTA-isTan dakavSirebul

sakiTxebze maT damatebiTi informacia an treningi sWirdebaT.

ZiriTadi mignebebi

aRniSnuli proeqtis farglebSi gamokiTxuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis

umravlesobam DCFTA-is implementaciis programebis mimarT interesi gamoxata. gamok-

iTxuli CSO-ebis 92%-ma ganacxada, rom maT DCFTA-is Sesaxeb treningis da damatebiTi

informaciis miRebisa da DCFTA-is sakiTxebze muSaobis survili aqvT. Tumca, miuxedavad

maRali motivaciisa, CSO-ebis unari _ DCFTA-s implementaciis procesSi TavianT re-

gionebSi wvlili Seitanon, sakmaod SezRudulia. aseve, CSO-ebis umravlesobam aRniSna,

rom maT DCFTA-is implementaciis mxardaWerisTvis saxelmwifo saagentoebis mier uzrun-

treningebi

publikaciebi

konsultaciebi

Sexvedrebi

media

pirdapiri komunikacia

sxva

socialuri media/kavSirebi

sso-ebi, romlebic ar

arian dainteresebulni,

14, 8%

dainteresebuli

sso-ebi, 152, 92%

■ 17

velyofili servisebis Sesaxeb informaciis nakleboba aqvT.

informirebulobis kuTxiT arsebuli xarvezi SesaZloa imiT aixsnas, rom DCFTA-isadmi

interesi bevrma iseTma CSO-m gamoxata, romlebic ar specializdebian ekonomikur sakiTxeb-

ze. ekonomikuri ganviTareba, rogorc maTi organizaciis muSaobis erT-erTi mimarTule-

ba, gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis 17%-ma daafiqsira, xolo soflis meurneoba _ 16%-ma. qveynis

masStabiT SerCeuli CSO-ebis mxolod 5%-ia amJamad CarTuli DCFTA-isa da sursaTis

uvneblobasTan dakavSirebul proeqtebSi, ufro cota _ 4% ki eqsportis mxardaWeris

Tematikaze muSaobs. aRsaniSnavia, rom gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis mxolod 9%-ma daasaxela

SME-ebi, rogorc maTi samizne jgufi. amgvarad, CSO-ebis umravlesobis mier DCFTA-is

sakiTxebze muSaobis gamoxatuli survilis gaTvaliswinebT, bevr maTgans mouwevs masze Ta-

vianTi profilebis morgeba da damatebiTi informaciis miReba da treningebis gavla imisaT-

vis, rom ufro warmatebulad SeZlon evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis mxardaWeris

sakiTxSi CarTva.

amasTanave, miRebuli Sedegebis regionuli ganawileba regionebs Soris arsebul sakma-

od mniSvnelovan uTanasworobaze miuTiTebs, SedarebisTvis: moqmedi CSO-ebis raode-

noba sakmaod dabalia zogierT regionSi, magaliTad guriaSi an raWa-leCxumsa da qvemo

svaneTSi (TiToeuli, mTliani raodenobis 4%-s Seadgens) maSin, roca aWaris a.r-isa da

samegrelo-zemo svaneTis CSO-ebi, erTad aRebuli, mTliani raodenobis TiTqmis naxevars

(47%) warmoadgens. amgvarad, gonivrulia, rom im regionebSi, sadac adgilobrivad ufro

meti organizacia moqmedebs, DCFTA-is implementaciis procesSi samoqalaqi sazogadoebis

ufro aqtiur CarTulobas velodoT.


2. saqarTvelos SME-ebis identificireba

2.1. saqarTvelos SME-ebis Sesaxeb zogadi informacia

qvemoT mocemuli diagrama saqarTvelos 61 municipalitetSi Catarebuli SME-ebis gamok-

iTxvis Sedegad miRebul informacias asaxavs. SerCeva TiToeul municipalitetSi saSualod

cxra SME-s moicavda da gamokiTxuli sawarmoebis raodenobac regionis zomas Seesabameba:

imereTi, Tormeti municipalitetiT, yvelaze didi regionia da, Sesabamisad, regionuli

SME-ebis udidesi nawili swored aq iqna identificirebuli (112 SME). guriaSi mxolod

sami, raWa-leCxumsa da qvemo svaneTSi ki mxolod oTxi municipalitetia, Sesabamisad, SME-

ebis SerCevis zomac SedarebiT patara iyo. meore mxriv, mcxeTa-mTianeTSi SME-ebi umete-

sad momsaxurebis sferoze, magaliTad turizmze, arian orientirebulni. momsaxurebis

sfero ki aRniSnuli gamokiTxvidan Tavidanve gamoiricxa. mcxeTa-mTianeTis TiToeul mu-

nicipalitetSi gamokiTxuli SME-ebis saSualo raodenoba 6.7 iyo (ix. diagrama #2.1)

diagrama #2.1. gamokiTxuli sawarmoebis ganawileba regionebis mixedviT

rogorc qvemoT mocemuli diagrama aCvenebs, identificirebul da gamokiTxul SME-ebs

Semdegi organizaciul-samarTlebriv formebi aqvT: individualuri mewarmeebi, kooper-

ativebi8, SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba (Sps), saaqcio sazogadoebebi (ss) da

partniorobebi9. adgilobriv SME-ebSi yvelaze gavrcelebuli iuridiuli forma koop-

afxazeTi

soxumi

zugdidi

quTaisi

gori

rusTavi

axalcixe Tbilisi

TelavimcxeTaozurgeTi

baTumi

ambrolauri


raWa-leCxumi da

qvemo svaneTi

samcxe-javaxeTi

mcxeTa-mTianeTi

kaxeTi

guria

aWara

imereTiSida qarTli

qvemo qarTli

62

112

45

49

20

556260

64

30

8 kooperativi wevrTa SromiT saqmianobaze dafuZnebuli kompaniaa, romelic maTi biznesis ganviTarebisa da

wevrTa Semosavlis gazrdis mizniT aris Seqmnili. wyaro: „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, http://economist.ge/img-site/upload/legislation/936519836802.pdf.

sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativi, „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad, samarTlebrivi for-

miT dafuZnebuli kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piria. igi axorcielebs sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobas da am

kanonis Sesabamisad miniWebuli aqvs sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativis statusi. wyaro: „sasoflo-sameurneo

kooperativis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/download/1972742/0/en/pdf. 9 termini „partnioroba“ (Partnership) aRniSnavs samewarmeo erTeuls, romelic ramdenime „individualuri

mewarmis“ samarTlebrivi dajgufebis mier aris dafuZnebuli. es organizaciul-samarTlebrivi forma

konkretulad saqarTvelos mTavrobis programis „awarmoe saqarTveloSi“ farglebSi arsebuli „mcire

sagranto proeqtis“ beneficiarebisTvis Seiqmna. sinamdvileSi, aseTi „partniorobis“ wevrebi mxolod „in-

dividualur mewarmeebad“ arian registrirebulni, radgan aseTi iuridiuli statusis gareSe pirovnebas

„partniorobis“ daarseba ar SuZlia. wyaro: „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, http://economist.ge/img-site/upload/legislation/936519836802.pdf.

■ 19

erativia. igi gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 44%-s warmoadgens. kooperativi iuridiuli piris

kategoriad 2013 wels mas Semdeg Camoyalibda, rac „sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativis

Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni iqna miRebuli. amis Sedegad, aseve, Seiqmna „sasoflo-sameur-

neo kooperativebis ganviTarebis saagento“ (ACDA), imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelos regioneb-

Si kooperativebis mxardaWeris programebis _ konsultaciebi, grantebi da sxva samizne

proeqtebi _ marTva gaexorcielebina. kooperativebs evrokavSiris mxardaWeris miRebis

uflebac eZlevaT, magaliTad ENPARD-is programis meSveobiT. rogorc gamokiTxvis Se-

degebi aCvenebs, SME-ebis mniSvnelovani nawili kooperativis models sakmarisad sasarge-

blod miiCnevs imisTvis, rom is maTi operaciebisTvis airCion. es ki kooperativebs re-

gionul SME-ebs Soris yvelaze popularul organizaciul-samarTlebriv formad aqcevs.

kooperativebis Semdeg yvelaze gavrcelebuli organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formebia:

Sps-ebi (gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 36%) da individualuri mewarmeoba (16%) (ix. diagrama

#2.2.).

diagrama #2.2. gamokiTxuli sawarmoebis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formebi

mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmo saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT ganimarteba, rogorc kom-

pania, romelic 100-mde adamians asaqmebs da misi wliuri brunva 1,500,000 lars ar aRe-

mateba. qveynis masStabiT gamokiTxuli sawarmoebis 46%-s 6-dan 15-mde dasaqmebuli hyavs;

28% SME-ebis yvelaze patara kategorias mieuTvneba _ 5 adamianze naklebs asaqmebs; SME-

ebis 14%-s 30-ze meti, xolo 12%-s 16-dan 30-mde dasaqmebuli hyavs (ix. diagrama #2.3.).

proporciulad, regionebis umetesobaSi monacemebi erTnairad aris ganawilebuli: SME-

ebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli zoma TiTqmis yvela regionSi 6-dan 15-mde dasaqmebulis myoli

sawarmoa _ magaliTad, mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionSi gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 70% (14) am kat-

egorias ekuTvnis. gamonakliss raWa-leCxumi-qvemo svaneTi da samegrelo-zemo svaneTi

warmoadgenen _ SME-ebis umravlesoba aq SedarebiT pataraa, xuTi dasaqmebuliT, kompania

30-ze meti dasaqmebuliT ki saerTod ar gamovlenila. rac Seexeba aWaris a.r-s, aq Tana-

bari 34-34%-iT aris warmodgenili orive kategoria _ >5 da 6-15 dasaqmebuli. guriaSi ki

piriqiT, SerCevis kriteriumebis Sesabamisi kompaniebis umravlesobas 30-ze meti dasaqme-

buli hyavs, rac guriaSi gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 43%-s warmoadgens (ix. diagrama #2.4.).

SezRuduli

pasuxismgeblobis

sazogadoeba (LLC/ LTD)

36%

individualuri

mewarme (IE)

16%

komandituri

sazogadoeba

1%

saaqcio

sazogadoeba (JSC)

1%

solidaruli

pasuxismge-

blobis

sazogadoeba

1%

aramewarme

subieqti

1%

kooperativi

44%


diagrama #2.3. SME-ebis zoma dasaqmebulTa raodenobis mixedviT

diagrama #2.4. SME-ebis regionuli ganawileba dasaqmebulTa raodenobis mixedviT

saqarTvelos SME-ebis warmoebis sferoebi

qarTveli mewarmeebis produqciis Sedareba da analizi ufro martivi rom iyos, winamde-

bare angariSSi warmoebis sferoebis klasifikaciisTvis „kodirebis harmonizebuli siste-

ma“ (HS Code 2017) iqneba gamoyenebuli10. magaliTad, bostneulebi rogoricaa pomidori,

kitri da lobio (kartofilis gamoklebiT) cal-calke siis Seqmnis nacvlad erTi kodis

(08) qveS gaerTianda, anu aq 2-niSna sasaqonlo kodi iqna gamoyenebuli. meore magaliTia

samSeneblo da xis masalebis erTian, 2-niSna sasaqonlo kodebis (43 da 68) jgufis qveS

gaerTianeba. samSeneblo da xis masalebs Soris arsebuli mravalferovnebis gaTvalis-

winebiT, HS Code 2017 analizisTvis efeqturi sistemis Sesaqmnelad iqna gamoyenebuli.

diagrama #2.5.-ze mocemulia mowinave adgilze myofi produqtebis CamonaTvali, maTi

mwarmoebeli kompaniebis raodenobis mixedviT. Tafli yvelaze gavrcelebuli produq-

tia. gamokiTxuli 559 SME-dan mas 111 kompania awarmoebs. mas ki yveli/xaWo (66) da xili/

Cireuli (56) mosdevs. rac Seexeba xilis wvenebs (ZiriTadad vaSlis koncentrantebs), am

SemTxvevaSi misi mwarmoebeli xuTive kompania Sida qarTlis regionSi mdebareobs da ev-

rokavSiris erTian bazarze xuTive maTgani gadis eqsportze.

10 UN Comtrade _ saerTaSoriso vaWrobis oficialuri statistikisa da Sesabamisi analitikuri cxrilebis

bazaa. wyaro: UN Comtrade, https://comtrade.un.org/data/.

<5 >306-dan 15-mde 16-dan 30-mde

aWaris a.r.

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

qvemo qarTli

mcxeTa-mTianeTi



samcxe-javaxeTi

Sida qarTli

■ 21

diagrama #2.5. gamokiTxuli SME-ebis warmoeba

Taflis nawarmi

qarTul produqtebs Soris Tafli evrokavSiris erTian bazarze Sesasvlelad erT-erT

yvelaze karg poziciazea. evrokavSirSi Taflze moTxovna yovelwliurad 6%-iT izrde-

ba. evrokavSiris erTian bazarze moxmarebuli Taflis 55%, daaxloebiT 150,000 tona,

sxva qveynebidan aris importirebuli.11 2017 wels saqarTvelo im qveynebis sias miemata,

saidanac Taflis importi evrokavSiris erTian bazarze nebadarTulia. DCFTA-i ki ev-

rokavSiris erTian bazarze saqarTvelos yovelwliurad 1,500 tona Taflis eqsportis

saSualebas aZlevs.

Tumca, am droisTvis, qarTuli Taflis eqsportis ZiriTadi daniSnulebis qveynebi axlo

aRmosavleTisa da aziis saxelmwifoebi arian, evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifoebi ki mx-

olod maT Semdeg aris CamonaTvalSi. amis erT-erTi mizezi evrokavSirSi Taflis Semow-

mebasTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli mkacri moTxovnebia. TaflSi antibiotikebisa da pesti-

cidebis donis gansazRvra evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis ZiriTadi moTxovnaa.

yvelis produqcia

amJamad, evrokavSiris erTian bazarze qarTuli yvelis eqsporti martivi saqme ar aris,

radgan, ZiriTad SemTxvevebSi, qarTveli yvelis mwarmoeblebi evrokavSiris mier dadge-

nil moTxovnebs ver akmayofileben. meore mxriv, radgan Sida moTxovnac sakmaod maRalia,

rZis produqtebis mwarmoebeli kompaniebi TavianT produqcias, ZiriTadad, adgilobriv

bazarze yidian da aqcents yvelis tradiciuli, qarTuli saxeobebis (rogoricaa, imeruli

da sulguni) warmoebaze akeTeben.

xilis wvenebi (2009)

Sereuli sakvebi produqti (23)

rZe (0402)

marcvleuli (1001)

janjafili, zafrana, turmeriki (kurkuma)...

Cai (0902)

axali xili da kenkra (0810)

msxvilfexa rqosani saqoneli; cocxali (0102)

Txili (0801)

samSeneblo masalebi da xis nawarmi (43 da 68)

bostneuli (07)

kartofili; axali an gacivebuli (0701)

naturaluri yurZnis Rvino, maT Soris gamagrebuli Rvino (2204)

xili (08)

yveli da xaWo (0406)

Tafli; naturaluri (0409)

Roris xorci axali, gacivebuli an gayinuli (0203)

11 wyaro: „ganviTarebadi qveynebidan importis waxalisebis centri“, https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/hon-ey-sweeteners/trade-statistics/.


xili da kenkra

xilis da kenkris moyvana soflis meurneobis erT-erTi yvelaze tradiciuli formaa saqa-

rTveloSi, rac qveynis TiTqmis yvela nawilSia farTod gavrcelebuli. regionebis gansx-

vavebuli bunebrivi da klimaturi pirobebis gamo ki xilis nairsaxeoba mravalferovania.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am droisTvis kenkris seqtori ufro ganviTarebulia da evrokav-

Siris erTian bazarzec masze moTxovna sul ufro izrdeba. magaliTad, 2016 wels, evro-

kavSiris erTiani bazris wevrma qveynebma saerTo jamSi 1.3 miliard12 evroze meti Rire-

bulebis kenkris importi ganaxorciela. maT Soris, yvelaze didi importiorebi germania

da poloneTi arian. am mxriv, qarTveli eqsportiorebisTvis erTi potenciuri dabrkole-

ba eqsportis moTxovnebs ukavSirdeba: evrokavSiris erTian bazarze xilis da kenkris

saeqsportod fermerebs sul ufro xSirad sTxoven GLOBAL GAP-is sertifikats, romelic

saqarTveloSi amJamad arsebuli eqsportis mxardaWeris programebis mier ar finansdeba.

cxrili #2.2. ZiriTadi produqtebi regionebis mixedviT

gamokiTxvis dros SME-ebs warmoebis potencialis maTeul aRqmazec unda epasuxaT. gamok-

iTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT, SME-ebis 45%-s sjera, rom maT axlandelze orjer meti produq-

tis warmoeba SeuZliaT.

2.2. SME-ebis eqsportis potencialis Sefaseba

SME-ebis kiTxvaris meore nawilSi SME-ebis eqsportis potenciali Sefasda. SME-ebs

unda epasuxaT axorcielebdnen Tu ara TavianTi produqciis eqsports. dadebiTi pasuxis

SemTxvevaSi unda mieTiTebinaT Tu romel qveynebSi, xolo uaryofiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi

Semdegi saxis damatebiT kiTxvebze unda gaecaT pasuxi: ra iyo eqsportis ZiriTadi dam-

abrkolebeli faqtorebi; momavalSi Tu gegmavdnen eqsportze gasvlas; Tu akmayofilebd-

nen xarisxis standartebs; Tu flobdnen xarisxis sertifikatebs; an momavalSi Tu gegma-

vdnen aseTi sertifikatebis aRebas.

12 wyaro: Eurostat, xilis da bostneulis seqtori evrokavSirSi _ statistikuri mimoxilva, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/The_fruit_and_vegetable_sector_in_the_EU_-_a_statistical_overview.

produqti 1 produqti 2 produqti 3regioni/saqmianobis areali

aWaris a.r.

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

qvemo qarTli

mcxeTa-mTianeTi



samcxe-javaxeTi

Sida qarTli

xili

Txili

Txili

msxvilfexa saqoneli

kartofili

xorbali

xorci

Tafli

kartofili

xilis wvenebi

samSeneblo masalebi

Rvino

Rvino

Rvino

yveli

sunelebi/saneleblebi

Rvino

dafnis foToli

Tafli

bostneuli

Tafli

Cai

Tafli

yveli

Tafli

xili/Ciri

Tafli

Txili

yveli

xili

■ 23

gamokiTxvis pirveli etapze is SME-ebi ganisazRvra, romlebic TavianTi produqci-

is eqsports ukve axorcieleben. aRmoCnda, rom eqsportiori kompaniebis raodenoba (127;

saerTo raodenobis 23%) araeqsportior kompaniebTan SedarebiT sagrZnoblad dabali iyo

da rom es ukanasknelni mniSvnelovan umravlesobas warmoadgenen (426; saerTo raodenobis

77%) (ix. diagrama #2.6).

eqsportze gamsvleli kompaniebis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli Semdeg sam regionSi dafiq-

sirda: guria (14 SME, 47%); imereTi (42 SME, 37.5%); da aWaris a.r. (22 SME, 33%). yvelaze

dabali ki _ samcxe-javaxeTSi (oTxi SME, 7%) (ix. diagrama #2.7.).

diagrama #2.8.-ze im qveynebis CamonaTvalia mocemuli, romlebSic gamokiTxuli SME-ebi

TavianTi produqciis eqsports axorcieleben. aseTi qveynebis pirvel sameulSi ruseTi,

TurqeTi da ukraina Sedian. rac Seexeba eqsports konkretulad evrokavSiris qveynebSi,

SME-ebis mier produqciis eqsportis yvelaze metad mosalodneli daniSnulebis qvey-

anebia: germania, italia da safrangeTi. saqarTvelos SME-ebis saeqsporto produqciis

wamyvan 10 daniSnulebis qveyanas Soris evrokavSiris mxolod sami qveyana: germania (me-5

adgilze), italia (me-7 adgilze) da safrangeTia (me-10 adgilze) warmodgenili.

diagrama #2.6. SME-ebi, romlebsac sakuTari

produqcia eqsportze gaaqvT

diagrama #2.7. eqsportiori SME-ebis

regionuli gadanawileba

eqsportiori araeqsportiori

aWaris a.r.

guria

kaxeTi

qvemo qarTli

mcxeTa-mTianeTi



samcxe-javaxeTi

Sida qarTli

imereTi

eqsportiori araeqsportiori


diagrama #2.8. qveynebi, romlebSic SME-ebi produqciis eqsports axorcieleben

gamokiTxvisas, SME-ebs aseve unda mieTiTebinaT _ TavianTi produqciis eqsports axor-

cielebdnen evrokavSiris wevr saxelmwifoebSi, evrokavSiris arawevr saxelmwifoebSi Tu

arcerT maTganSi. gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom SME-ebis 15% mxolod evrokavSiris

qveynebSi gadis eqsportze, xolo 27% _ rogorc evrokavSiris wevr, aseve mis arawevr saxel-

mwifoebSi. gamokiTxuli SME-ebis umravlesoba ki _ 58% _ TavianTi produqciis eqsports

mxolod evrokavSiris arawevr saxelmwifoebSi axorcielebs (ix. diagrama #2.9.)

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aseve aCvenebs, rom evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportiori SME-

ebis ricxvi qveynis masStabiT kvlav dabalia. gamokiTxul regionebs Soris yvelaze maRa-

li maCvenebeli imereTs aqvs. am regionSi mdebare xuTi kompania eqsports mxolod ev-

rokavSiris erTian bazarze axorcielebs. imereTis Semdeg modis guria _ oTxi SME-iT.

ruseTis federacia

TurqeTi

ukraina

germania

somxeTi

azerbaijani

italia

irani

amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi

safrangeTi

CexeTi

poloneTi

israeli

didi britaneTi

iaponia

yazaxeTi

Sveicaria

avstralia

kuveiti

yatari

dania

espaneTi

niderlandebi

belarusi

CineTi

litva

slovakeTi

latvia

moldova

monRoleTi

rumineTi

avstria

TurqmeneTi

uzbekeTi

libani

bahreini

ungreTi

belgia

saberZneTi

bulgareTi

samxreT korea

tunisi

xorvatia

tajikeTi

omani

iordania

kanada

yirgizeTis respublika

arabTa gaerTianebuli saamiroebi

erayi

■ 25

mxolod evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqportiori kompaniebis yvelaze didi wili (pro-

porciulad) ki mcxeTa-mTianeTSi fiqsirdeba (66.7%, samidan ori kompania). raWa-leCxumi

da qvemo svaneTi, Tavis mxriv, is erTaderTi regionia, saidanac mxolod evrokavSiris

erTian bazarze eqsports arcerTi SME axorcielebs.

im kompaniebis udidesi nawili, romlebic rogorc evrokavSiris, aseve mis arawevr saxel-

mwifoebSi gadis eqsportze samegrelo-zemo svaneTSi mdebareobs (11 kompania, am regionSi

gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 79%). Semdeg modis imereTi (9 kompania, 21%) da guria (8 kompania,

57% _ am regionSi mdebare kompaniebis umravlesoba). am tipis kompaniebi ar iqna identi-

ficirebuli samcxe-javaxeTSi _ aq moqmedi SME-ebi eqsports an evrokavSiris erTian ba-

zarze axorcieleben (mxolod erTi SME) an mxolod evrokavSiris arawevr saxelmwifoebSi

(sami SME).

mxolod evrokavSiris arawevri saxelmwifoebis bazarze eqsportiori kompaniebis raode-

nobiT liderobs imereTi (28 kompania). aseTi kompaniebis yvelaze didi wili (proporci-

ulad) aWaris a.r-Si (86,4%, 23-dan 19 eqsportiori kompania) fiqsirdeba, rac TurqeTTan

misi (geografiuli) siaxlovis gaTvaliswinebiT gasakviri ar aris. aRsaniSnavia, rom qar-

Tuli SME-ebis produqciis eqsportis mxriv, TurqeTi rigiT meore daniSnulebis qveyana.

TiToeul regionSi _ gamonaklisia guria, samegrelo-zemo svaneTi da mcxeTa-mTianeTi

_ mdebare kompaniebis 50%-ze meti mxolod evrokavSiris arawevr saxelmwifoebSi gadis

eqsportze. mcxeTa-mTianeTi ki is erTaderTi regionia, sadac mxolod evrokavSiris araw-

evr saxelmwifoebSi eqsportiori kompaniebi saerTod ar fiqsirdeba.

diagrama #2.9. SME-ebis produqciis eqsportis daniSnulebis qveynebi

diagrama #2.10. daniSnulebis qveynebi eqsportiori SME-ebis raodenobis mixedviT

rogorc evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi,

aseve sxva arawevr qveynebSi

evrokavSiris arawevr qveynebSi

evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi

evrokavSiris wevr da arawevr

saxelmwifoebSi

evrokavSiris arawevr

saxelmwifoebSi

evrokavSiris wevr

saxelmwifoebSi

aWaris a.r.

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

qvemo qarTli

mcxeTa-mTianeTi



samcxe-javaxeTi

Sida qarTli


gamokiTxuli SME-ebis wili, romelic eqsportze saerTod ar gadis, sakmaod maRalia

(77%). gamokiTxvis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, eqsportisTvis xelisSemSleli faqtorebis

identificireba mniSvnelovani iyo. evrokavSirSi eqsportis Semdegi xuTi dabrkoleba ga-

moiyo:

evrokavSiris qveynebSi partniorebis nakleboba;

evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis ganxorcielebisTvis saWiro procedurebis

Sesaxeb informaciis nakleboba;

warmoebis dabali moculoba da eqsportisTvis arasakmarisoba;

eqsportisTvis sakmarisi moculobis produqtis sawarmoeblad resursebis nakle-

boba;

evrokavSirSi eqsportisTvis saWiro xarisxis sertifikatis arqona.

gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT, imereTis, guriisa da samcxe-javaxeTis regionebSi

SME-ebisTvis eqsportis damabrkolebeli yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtori evrokavSiris

qveynebSi partniorebis naklebobaa. gamokiTxulma SME-ebma kaxeTis regionSi yvelaze did

dabrkolebad warmoebisTvis saWiro resursebis arasakmarisi raodenoba daasaxeles. same-

grelo-zemo svaneTis regionSi ki ZiriTadi problema eqsportis procedurebis Sesaxeb

informaciis naklebobaa. danarCen xuT regionSi mTavar problemad resursebis nakleboba

iqna miCneuli (ix. diagrama #2.11).

diagrama #2.11. eqsportis damabrkolebeli faqtorebi SME-ebisTvis

diagrama #2.12. eqsportis damabrkolebeli faqtorebi SME-ebisTvis regionebis mixedviT

procedurebis Sesaxeb

informaciis arqona

xarisxis

sertifikatis arqona

partniorebis aryola

arasakmarisi warmadoba

arasakmarisi resursebi

aWaris a.r.

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

qvemo qarTli

mcxeTa-mTianeTi



samcxe-javaxeTi

Sida qarTli

procedurebis Sesaxeb

informaciis arqona

xarisxis

sertifikatis arqona

partniorebis aryola

arasakmarisi warmadoba

arasakmarisi resursebi

■ 27

aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentebis naxevarze meti momavalSi sakuTari produqciis eqspor-

tze gatanas gegmavs evrokavSiris wevr an evrokavSiris arawevr saxelmwifoebSi (54%).

gamokiTxuli SME-ebis erT mesameds (33%), TavianT samomavlo saeqsporto gegmebze mkaf-

io xedva ar gaaCnia, xolo 13% samomavlod eqsports saerTod ar gegmavs. ZiriTad SemTx-

vevebSi, aRniSnuli imiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom gamokiTxuli SME-ebis umravlesoba kooper-

ativebs warmoadgens da dafinansebis damatebiT wyaroebsa Tu sxvadasxva institutebidan

daxmarebis miRebas jer kidev elodeba (ENPARD-is programa, saxelmwifo programebi Tu

sxva donorebi). zogma kompaniam ki piriqiT, aRniSna, rom maT saWiroebebs adgilobrivi

bazari sruliad akmayofilebs.

guriaSi dafiqsirda im kompaniebis yvelaze didi wili (90%, proporciulad), romlebic

evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsports gegmavs. aRsaniSnavia, rom evrokavSirSi eqspor-

ti am regionis mxolod sami SME-sTvis ar warmoadgens samomavlo gegmas. im kompaniebis

yvelaze dabali wili ki, romlebic eqsportze gasvlas gegmaven, or regionSi _ qvemo qa-

rTlsa (32.7%) da mcxeTa-mTianeTSia (35%). am ukanasknelSi iseTi SME-ebis yvelaze didi

wilia, romlebsac jer ar gadauwyvetiaT momavalSi gegmaven Tu ara evrokavSiris erTian

bazarze eqsports (45%) (ix. diagrama #2.14.).

diagrama #2.13. SME-ebis raodenoba, romlebic evrokavSiris erTian bazarze TavianTi

produqciis eqsports gegmaven

diagrama #2.14. SME-ebis raodenoba regionebis mixedviT, romlebic evrokavSiris erTian

bazarze TavianTi produqciis eqsports gegmaven

diax ara ar vici

aWaris a.r.

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

qvemo qarTli

mcxeTa-mTianeTi



samcxe-javaxeTi

Sida qarTli

diax ara ar vici


evrokavSiris erTian bazarze produqciis eqsportisTvis saqarTvelos SME-ebma sert-

ifikatebi unda aiRon. sertificireba Sesabamisobis Sefasebis (testireba da sertifi-

cireba) gavlas moiTxovs, raTa evrokavSiris maregulirebel moTxovnebTan Sesabamisoba

iqnas naCvenebi. gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 73% sertifikatebs saerTod ar flobs. sertifikatis

mqone SME-ebis (27%) umetesobas Semdegi sertifikatebi aqvT: „Sesabamisobis sertifikati“

_ 9%, „safrTxis analizisa da kritikuli sakontrolo wertilebis“ standarti (HACCP)13 _

8%; „standartizaciis saerTaSoriso organizacia _ ISO-s standartebi“14 _ 5%; organuli

produqtebis sertifikati _ 3%; sxva sertifikatebi _ 2% (maT Soris bio standartebi da

halalis sertifikatebi).

tendencia, rac cxrave regionsa da aWaris a.r.-Si gamoCnda is aris, rom kompaniebis um-

ravlesoba arcerTi saxis sertifikats da/Tu standarts ar flobs. aRsaniSnavia, rom

HACCP-is standartis mqone kompaniebis umravlesoba samcxe-javaxeTsa (13 kompania) da

qvemo qarTlSi (5) mdebareobs; ISO sertifikatis mqone SME-ebis udidesi nawili _ aWaris

a.r.-Si (10), imereTsa (6) da mcxeTa-mTianeTSi (2) moRvaweobs; „Sesabamisobis sertifika-

tis“ mqone kompaniebi ki yvelaze meti raWa-leCxumsa da qvemo svaneTSi (8), Sida qarTlSi

(8), samegrelo-zemo svaneTsa (3) da guriaSia (2) ganTavsebuli. gurias, qvemo qarTlsa da

mcxeTa-mTianeTs „organuli produqtebis sertifikatis“ mqone kompaniebi ar hyavs. rac

Seexeba „bio“ sertifikats, qvemo qarTlSi mxolod erTi, mcxeTa-mTianeTSi ki sami SME

flobs aseT sertifikats (ix. diagrama #2.15.).

diagrama #2.15. SME-ebis mier mopovebuli sertifikatebi da/an standartebi

gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom gamokiTxuli SME-ebis mniSvnelovani nawili _ 43% _ momavalSi

sertifikatebis aRebas gegmavs. im kompaniebis yvelaze didi wili, romlebic axlo moma-

valSi romelime sertifikatis da/an stantartis asaRebad ganacxadis gakeTebas gegmavs,

aWaris a.r-is regionSi dafiqsirda (62.7%). aWaris a.r.-is garda, kidev erTi regioni, sadac

kompaniebis absoluturi umravlesoba sertifikatis aRebas gegmavs raWa-leCxumi da qvemo

svaneTia (53.3%). mcxeTa-mTianeTs ki aseTi kompaniebis yvelaze dabali wili (20%) aqvs (ix.

diagrama #2.16.).

ramdenime respondentis Tanaxmad, iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac evrokavSirelma partniorebma

ISO-s sertifikatic ki ar miiRes da amis nacvlad nimuSebic Tavad aiRes da produqtebic

13 HACCP marTvis sistemaa, sadac sursaTis uvneblobis uzrunvelyofa biologiuri, qimiuri da fizikuri

safrTxeebis analizisa da kontrolis meSveobiT xorcieldeba, nedleulidan, misi miRebidan da damuSave-

bidan dawyebuli, warmoebamde, distribuciisa da saboloo produqtis moxmarebamde. 14 „standartizaciis saerTaSoriso organizacia“ (ISO) _ produqtebze, servisebsa da sistemebze msoflio

donis standartebs gascems, imisaTvis, rom xarisxi, usafrTxoeba da efeqturoba iqnas uzrunvelyofili.

Sesabamisobis sertifikati

ara aqvs sertifikati

sxva sertifikati

organuli produqtebis sertifikati

HACCP-is standarti

ISO sertifikati

■ 29

TviTon Seamowmes. Semowmebebis Semdeg ki, aRniSnul qarTul kompaniebs evrokavSiris er-

Tian bazarze produqtis gasatanad mxolod „Sesabamisobis sertifikati“ sWirdebodaT.

diagrama #2.16. SME-ebis wili, romlebic setifikatis da/an standartebis mosapoveblad

ganacxadis Setanas gegmaven

2.3. DCFTA-is Sesaxeb SME-ebis informirebulobis donis Sefaseba

SME-ebis gamokiTxvis mesame nawili DCFTA-is Sesaxeb maTi informirebulobis dones af-

asebda. gamokiTxuli SME-ebis warmomadgenlebis 62%-s DCFTA-is Sesaxeb informacia hqon-

da, Tumca maT umravlesobas mis Sesafaseblad ufro detaluri informaciis mowodeba ar

SeeZlo. kompaniebis yvelaze didi wili (proporciulad), romlebmac ganacxades, rom maT

DCFTA-ze informacia hqondaT, samegrelo-zemo svaneTsa da samcxe-javaxeTis regionebSi

mdebareobs (72.1% TiToeulSi), Semdeg modioda raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi (66.7%),

xolo aseTi kompaniebis yvelaze dabali wili (proporciulad) qvemo qarTlSi dafiqsirda,

sadac gamokiTxuli kompaniebis mxolod 39% flobda informacias DCFTA-ze (ix. diagrama

#2.17.)

diagrama #2.17. DCFTA-is Sesaxeb informaciis mqone SME-ebis proporciuli ganawileba

gamokiTxvis dros, SME-ebis warmomadgenlebs DCFTA-ze azric unda daefiqsirebinaT. gamok-

iTxvis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, respondentebis umravlesobam is an dadebiTad Seafasa (65%) an

informaciis arqonis Tu arcodnis gamo Sefaseba ver SeZlo (35%). aRsaniSnavia, rom gamok-

iTxuli 559 kompaniidan SME-ebis mxolod erTma warmomadgenelma Seafasa DCFTA-i uary-

ofiTad. DCFTA-ze dadebiTi Sexedulebis mqone SME-ebis yvelaze didi wili (propor-

ciulad) samegrelo-zemo svaneTis regionSi (78.7%) da Semdeg ukve aWaris a.r.-Si (76.4%)

dafiqsirda. is regionebi, sadac gamokiTxuli SME-ebis warmomadgenlebis umravlesobas

saerTod ar SeeZlo DCFTA-is Sefaseba, qvemo qarTli (60.8%) da Sida qarTlia (55.1%) (ix.

diagrama #2.18).

diax ara

ar aqvs

informacia

aqvs

informacia


diagrama #2.18. SME-ebis warmomadgenlebis Sexeduleba DCFTA-ze

gamokiTxvis dros SME-ebis warmomadgenlebs DCFTA-ze informaciis miRebis ZiriTad wy-

aroebzec unda epasuxaT. aRmoCnda, rom gamokiTxuli kompaniebis umravlesobas evroka-

vSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb informacia ar hqonda. im SME-

ebis warmomadgenlebma, romlebic DCFTA-ze informacias flobdnen, ganacxades, rom am

informacias Semdegi oTxi wyarodan iReben: tradiciuli media (gazeTi, televizia, radio)

(20%); saxelmwifo institutebi (19%); socialuri media (18%); da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

organizaciebi (17%). informaciis miRebis kidev erT wyarod ojaxis wevrebi, megobrebi da

mezoblebi dasaxelda. es ukanaskneli, SME-ebis 11%-isTvis aris DCFTA-is Sesaxeb infor-

maciis miRebis mniSvnelovani saSualeba.

diagrama #2.19. DCFTA-is Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis wyaroebi

regionebi, sadac tradiciuli media kompaniebisTvis informaciis miRebis yvelaze mniS-

vnelovan wyaros warmoadgens aris imereTi (19 kompania) da aWaris a.r. (17). SME-ebisTvis

saxelmwifo institutebi informaciis ZiriTadi wyaroa raWa-leCxumsa da qvemo svaneTSi

(11 kompania), Sida qarTlSi (11), qvemo qarTlsa (6) da mcxeTa-mTianeTSi (2). aRsaniSnavia,

rom mcxeTa-mTianeTSi saxelmwifo institutebi da CSO-ebi lideroben. aRniSnul region-

Si informaciis miRebis mxolod es ori saSualeba gamoiyeneba. erTaderTi regioni, sad-

ac kompaniebis mniSvnelovani nawilisTvis socialuri mediaa informaciis miRebis wyaro,

samegrelo-zemo svaneTia (20).

miuxedavad imisa, rom tradiciuli media sxva regionebSi popularulia, guriaSi is arcer-

Ti kompaniisTvis warmoadgens informaciis wyaros. Sida qarTlSic msgavsi situaciaa so-

cialuri mediis mimarT. regionebi, sadac CSO-ebi kompaniebis mniSvnelovani nawilisTvis

warmoadgens informaciis miRebis ZiriTad saSualebas, samcxe-javaxeTi (14) da guriaa (8).

dabolos, ojaxi, megobrebi da mezoblebi informaciis mniSvnelovani wyaroa kaxeTSi moR-

vawe kompaniebisTis (17) (ix. diagrama #2.20.).

dadebiTi uaryofiTi ver Sevafaseb

tradiciuli media

socialuri media

saxelmwifo institutebi

pasuxi ar gasca

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

organizaciebi

ojaxi, megobrebi an

mezoblebi

■ 31

diagrama #2.20. DCFTA-ze informaciis miRebis wyaroebi regionebis mixedviT

DCFTA-isTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebis garda, kiTxvarSi respondentebs aseve unda epa-

suxaT, eqsportis SesaZleblobebze Tu iyvnen informirebulni. araeqsportiori SME-ebis

umravlesobam ganacxada, rom isini mzad ar arian eqsportisTvis da evrokavSiris erTian

bazarze eqsportis SesaZleblobebzec ar aqvT saTanado informacia. gamokiTxuli SME-

ebis mxolod 43%-ma icoda sad da rogor SeeZloT TavianTi produqciis eqsportze gatana

(ix. diagrama #2.21).

diagrama #2.21. im SME-ebis proporciuli ganawileba, romlebic evrokavSiris erTian

bazarze eqsportis SesaZleblobebze informacias floben

eqsportis SesaZleblobebze informaciis miRebis ZiriTadi wyaroebia _ saxelmwifo insti-

tutebi (maT Soris, Sesabamisi saministroebi, saagentoebi da sakonsultacio centrebi) da

tradiciuli media (gazeTi, televizia da radio). aRsaniSnavia, rom gamokiTxuli SME-ebis

50%-ma aseTi wyaroebis identificireba ver SeZlo; 15% Sesabamis informacias saxelmwifo

institutebidan da tradiciuli mediidan iRebs; 10% _ socialuri mediidan, 8% _ CSO-

ebidan, 2% ki ojaxisgan, megobrebisa an mezoblebisgan (ix. diagrama #2.22.).

tradiciuli media

socialuri media

saxelmwifo institutebi

ar vflob informacias

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

organizaciebi

ojaxi, megobrebi an

mezoblebi

aWaris a.r.

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

qvemo qarTli

mcxeTa-mTianeTi



samcxe-javaxeTi

Sida qarTli

flobs informacias ar flobs informacias


diagrama #2.22. eqsportis SesaZleblobebze informaciis miRebis wyaroebi

gamokiTxvisas SME-ebis warmomadgenlebs aseve unda epasuxaT, Tu ra iyo evrokavSiris

erTian bazarze eqsportisTvis maTi ZiriTadi stimuli. qarTuli SME-ebisTvis produqci-

is eqsportis ZiriTadi motivacia gayidvebis zrdas ukavSirdeba _ gamokiTxuli sawarmoebis

TiTqmis naxevarma (46%) miuTiTa masze, rogorc stimulis momcem faqtorze; erT mesamdeze

metma (35%) evrokavSiris bazarze arsebuli maRali fasebi daasaxela; 11%-ma _ eqsportis

diversifikaciis SesaZlebloba; 7%-ma _ sxva faqtorebi, rogoricaa gamocdilebis miRebis

SesaZlebloba da teqnologiebis transferi; xolo 1%-ma evrokavSiris erTian bazarze

importis stimulebis dasaxeleba ver SeZlo.

ori faqtoris kombinacia _ maRali fasebi da gayidvebis zrda, kompaniebis 80%-ze metis

mier iqna dasaxelebuli, TiTqmis yvela regionSi (mcxeTa-mTianeTisa da samegrelo-zemo

svaneTis regionebSi am orma faqtorma erTad 90%-s gadaaWarba). gamonakliss warmoadgens

Sida qarTli (66.7%) da aWaris a.r. (55.4%), sadac aRniSnuli ori faqtoris kombinacia

SME-ebis SedarebiT mcire nawilis (proporciulad) mier dasaxelda. bazris diversifik-

acia ki motivaciis mimcem faqtorad ganisazRvra kompaniebis SedarebiT mcire nawilis

mier, yvela regionSi. is kompaniebi, romlebmac vercerTi stimulis dasaxeleba SeZles

mxolod Sida qarTlsa (ori kompani) da aWaris a.r.-Si (oTxi kompania) mdebareobs (ix. di-

agrama #2.23.)

diagrama #2.23. SME-ebis stimulebi, evrokavSiris erTian bazarze produqciis

eqsportisTvis

saerTo jamSi, gamokiTxuli SME-ebis umravlesoba (64%) SME-ebisadmi mxardaWeris saxel-

mwifo programebis Sesaxeb informirebulia. agreTve, SME-ebis 39%-ma ganacxada, rom isini

erT an met aseT programaSi ukve monawileoben. maT Soris, yvelaze xSirad naxsenebi pro-

saxelmwifo

institutebi

sso-ebitradiciuli

media (gazeTebi,

televizia,

radio

ojaxi,

megobrebi an

mezoblebi

socialuri

media (facebook

da msgavsi

internet

portalebi)

ver SeZlo

pasuxis gacema

gayidvebis zrda

maRali fasebi

sxva

stimulebis ararseboba/saqarTvelos

bazari damakmayofilebelia

bazrebis diversifikacia

■ 33

gramebi iyo: ENPARD-is sagranto programa (29%), „awarmoe saqarTveloSi“ da sxva saxelm-

wifo programebi (35%), da donori organizaciebis grantebi, maT Soris, Mercy Corps, CARE, USAID, FAO, PIN da ACF (ix. diagramebi #2.24, 2.25, da 2.26.)

diagrama #2.26. SME-ebis mxardaWeris programebSi monawile SME-ebis raodenoba

regionebis mixedviT

SME-ebis mxardaWeris programebis Sesaxeb informirebuli kompaniebis yvelaze maRa-

li wili (proporciulad) Semdeg sam regionSia: samegrelo-zemo svaneTi (95.1%), mcxe-

Ta-mTianeTi (95%) da aWaris a.r. (93.8%). informirebulobis done yvelaze dabalia guri-

aSi, sadac SME-ebis mxardaWeris programebze informirebuli kompaniebis wili mxolod

3.3%-ia.

regionebi, sadac kompaniebis absolutur umravlesobas aqvs monawileoba miRebuli SME-

ebis mxardaWeris programebSi, samegrelo-zemo svaneTi (88.5%) da aWaris a.r.-ia (55.6%).

xolo imereTi (5.4%) da guria (3.3%) is regionebia, sadac SME-ebis mxardaWeris programa-

Si monawile kompaniebis wili yvelaze dabalia (ix. diagrama #2.27).

informirebulia ar aris informirebuli miuRia monawileoba ar miuRia monawileoba

diagrama #2.24. mxardaWeris programebis

Sesaxeb SME-ebis informirebuloba

diagrama #2.25. SME-ebis mxardaWeris

programebSi monawile SME-ebis raodenoba

diax ara

aWaris a.r.

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

qvemo qarTli

mcxeTa-mTianeTi



samcxe-javaxeTi

Sida qarTli


diagrama #2.27. programebi, romelSic SME-ebs miuRiaT monawileoba

mxardaWeris arsebuli programebi da moqmedi donorebi regionebis mixedviT gansxvave-

bulia. mxardaWeris saxelmwifo programebi kompaniebis mniSvnelovani nawilisTvis iyo

donori aWaris a.r.-Si (26 kompania), samegrelo-zemo-svaneTSi (19), raWa-leCxumsa da qve-

mo svaneTSi (11), kaxeTSi (8), qvemo qarTlsa (7) da Sida qarTlSi (5). qvemo qarTlis re-

gionSi ENPARD-is da saxelmwifo programebis mier mxardaWerili kompaniebis raodenoba

erTi da igivea (7). aseve, ENPARD iyo donori kompaniebis mniSvnelovani raodenobisTvis

kaxeTSi (13), samcxe-javaxeTSi (8), mcxeTa-mTianeTsa (4) da imereTSi (2). guriaSi mxolod

erTma kompaniam isargebla donoris mxardaWeris programiT, am SemTxvevaSi USAID-is far-

glebSi. samcxe-javaxeTSi ki, kompaniebis yvelaze didi raodenobisTvis (10) donori Mercy Corps iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom samegrelo-zemo svaneTSi saxelmwifo programebis garda,

mniSvnelovani raodenobis kompaniebs (7) gauwia donoroba CARE-ma.

cxrili #2.3. SME-ebis mxardaWera donorebis mier, regionebis mixedviT

saxel

mwifo

pro

gram

a

mxardaWerissaxelmwifo programebi

ENPARD15 Mercy Corps16 CARE17 USAID18 sxvaregioni/saqmianobis areali

aWaris a.r.

guria

imereTi

kaxeTi

qvemo qarTli

mcxeTa-mTianeTi



samcxe-javaxeTi

Sida qarTli

sul

1

13

2

3

8

4

2

33

1

7

8

1

1

3

5

4

10

1

15

4

2

13

7

4

3

1

8

2

44

26

8

7

11

19

1

5

77

15 wyaro: „soflisa da soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis evropis samezoblo programa“ _ http://enpard.ge/ge/. 16 wyaro: Mercy Corps saqarTvelo - http://www.mercycorps.ge/. 17 wyaro: CARE - http://www.care-caucasus.org.ge/. 18 wyaro: „amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento“ (USAID) - https://www.usaid.gov/georgia.

■ 35

ZiriTadi mignebebi

SME-ebis kiTxvaris meSveobiT TiToeul regionSi saSualod cxra SME iqna Seswavlili.

Seiqmna maTi profilebi da identificirda eqsportis amJamindeli formebi da maTi mzao-

ba _ sakuTari produqcia evropis erTian bazarze gaitanon eqsportze. aseve, SME-ebis

gamokiTxviT, am procesSi saqarTvelos SME-ebis winaSe mdgari gamowvevebic ganisazRvra..

SME-ebis umravlesoba mcire sawarmoebis ganmartebaSi jdeba, romelic dasaqmebulTa

raodenobis mixedviT ganisazRvreba. SME-ebis 74%-Si 15-mde dasaqmebulia. rac Seexe-

ba am sawarmoebis organizaciul-samarTlebriv formas, aRsaniSnavia, rom kooperativi,

saqarTvelos mTavrobisa da evrokavSiris mier ukanaskneli oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi aq-

tiurad iyo mxardaWerili. Sesabamisad, aRniSnulma mxardaWeram saqarTvelos SME-ebis

landSaftzec moaxdina gavlena da kooperativebi gamokiTxuli SME-ebis udides nawils

warmoadgens (44%). maT mier warmoebuli zogierTi produqti, rogoricaa Tafli, aramx-

olod saqarTveloSia yvelaze popularul produqtebs Soris, aramed, evrokavSiris mier

aqvT mopovebuli aRiareba, rac am produqtis evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis

SesaZleblobas iZleva.

saqarTvelos SME-ebis mier warmoebul sxva produqtebs evrokavSiris erTian bazarze

Sesvlis gansxvavebuli Sansebi aqvT: maSin, roca zogierTi produqti, rogoricaa Rvi-

no, Tafli, xili da kenkra, evrokavSiris erTian bazarze ukve iyideba, sxva produqtebs,

magaliTad yvels da xaWos, iq mosaxvedrad warmoebis evrokavSiris mier dadgenil moTx-

ovnebTan da standartebTan SesabamisobaSi mosvla jer kidev esaWiroebaT.

saqarTvelos regionebSi moqmedi SME-ebi evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis po-

tencialis mniSvnelobis gaazrebas ukve iwyeben. gamokiTxvis mixedviT, amJamad SME-ebis

mxolod 23% gadis eqsportze, maTi 42% ki produqts srulad an nawilobriv evrokavSiris

erTiani bazris wevr qveynebSi yidis, Tumca saqarTveloSi aseTi kompaniebis ricxvi jer

isev arc Tu ise didia. aRsaniSnavia, rom am mxriv liderobs imereTis regioni, sadac,

eqskluziurad, evrokavSiris bazarze eqsports xuTi kompania axorcielebs; xolo im SME-

ebis umravlesoba, romlebic rogorc evrokavSirSi, aseve evrokavSiris arawevr qveynebSi

axorcieleben eqsports, samegrelo-zemo svaneTis regionSi mdebareobs (11 SME). SME-

ebis mier dasaxelda is dabrkolebebic, romlebic, maTi azriT, qarTuli produqciis ev-

rokavSirSi gayidvas uSlis xels. es dabrkolebebia: evrokavSirSi partniorebis simcire;

evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportisTvis saWiro procedurebis Sesaxeb informaciis

nakleboba; warmoebis arasakmarisi moculoba; eqsportisTvis saWiro moculobis warmoe-

bisTvis saWiro resursebis nakleboba; evrokavSirSi eqsportisTvis saWiro xarisxis sert-

ifikatebis arqona.

eqsportis SesaZleblobebsa da, kerZod, DCFTA-ze informirebulobis dabali done, ro-

gorc Cans, saqarTvelos SME-ebis winaSe mdgari problematuri da mniSvnelovani sakiTx-

ia. gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom SME-ebis 57% eqsportis SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb

sakmaris informacias ar flobs, maT 38%-s ki DCFTA-s Sesaxeb informaciis nakleboba

aqvs. Tumca mniSvnelovania imis xazgasmac, rom gamokiTxulTagan yvela SME-m, romelic

DCFTA-ze informacias flobda, is dadebiTad Seafasa. es gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 65%-ia.

gamokiTxuli 559 kompaniidan, mxolod erTma SME-m (misma warmomadgenelma) Seafasa nega-

tiurad DCFTA _ respondentma aRniSna, rom mas DCFTA-s Sesaxeb informacia ar hqonda;

danarCenebma ki informaciis arqonis an arcodnis gamo ver SeZles DCFTA-s Sefaseba.

dadebiTad fasdeba is SesaZleblobebic, romlebsac SME-ebi evrokavSiris erTian bazarze

eqsportis Sedegad xedaven. gayidvebis zrda, evrokavSiris erTian bazarze arsebuli ufro

maRali fasebi, gamocdilebis miRebisa da axali teqnologiebis saqarTveloSi Semotanis


SesaZlebloba _ gamokiTxvisas SME-ebis mxridan, maTTvis stimulis mimcem faqtorebad

yvelaze xSirad dasaxelda.

gamokiTxuli SME-ebis SWOT analizi

kiTxvaris, samagido kvlevisa da interviuebis Catarebis Sedegebi qvemoT SWOT analizis

meSveobiT aris Sejamebuli, sadac saqarTvelos SME-ebis DCFTA-Si monawileoba da evro-

kavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportze gavlenis momxdeni faqtorebi Sefasda. qvemoT moce-

mul cxrilSi xazgasmulia gamokiTxuli SME-ebis ZiriTadi Zlieri da susti mxareebi da,

aseve, ZiriTadi SesaZleblobebi da safrTxeebi momavlisTvis (ix. cxrili #2.3).

cxrili #2.3.

Zlieri mxareebi

SedarebiT dabali sagadasaxado val-

debuleba da SeRavaTiani sagadasaxado

sistema mikro da mcire biznesebisTvis;

saqarTvelos, evrokavSirisa da sxva

saerTaSoriso donorebis mier dafi-

nansebuli SME-ebis mxardaWeris pro-

gramebi;

liberaluri savaWro reJimebi — DCFTA, FTAs da GSP+;

evrokavSiris erTian bazarze arsebuli

maRali moTxovna zogierT niSur pro-

duqtze, eqsportis ganviTarebis SesaZ-

lo perspeqtiviT (rogoricaa Cireuli,

Tafli, xilis koncentratebi, bio xili

da kenkra).

SesaZleblobebi

efeqturi sainformacio da sakon-

sultacio servisebi regionebSi, gan-

susti mxareebi

samewarmeo unarebisa da gamocdilebis

nakleboba;

finansebze/grZelvadian sainvesticio

resursebze SezRuduli wvdoma;

inovaciisa da „kvlevis da ganviTare-

bis“ dabali done (magaliTad, warmoebis

procesSi axali teqnologiebis gamoy-

eneba);

evrokavSiris erTiani bazris moTx-

ovnebis Sesaxeb arasakmarisi infor-

maciis floba;

DCFTA-ze informaciis nakleboba;

susti da ganuviTarebeli sainforma-

cio da sakonsultacio servisebi;

produqtebis eqsportirebis mimarT ar-

sebuli dabali interesi, gansakuTre-

biT mikro da mcire biznesebSi;

mcire biznesebis umravlesobas warma-

dobis dabali maCvenebeli aqvs (gansak-

urebiT soflis meurneobis sferoSi);

qveynis Sida doneze SME-ebs Soris Ta-

namSromlobis ararseboba, maT Soris,

produqtis eqsportirebis Taobaze;

soflis meurneobasa da mis produqteb-

ze zedmeti damokidebuleba;

aqcentis gakeTeba iseT produqtebze,

romlebsac dabali damatebiTi Rire-

buleba aqvs; aseve, im kompaniebis sim-

cire, romlebic produqtebs ufro

maRali sizustiT awarmoeben.

safrTxeebi

politikuri arastabiluroba da

DCFTA-is implementaciisTvis politi-

■ 37

sakuTrebiT DCFTA-is implementaciis

Tematikaze;

DCFTA-is sakiTxebSi mTavrobisa da

saxelmwifo institutebis ufro Zlieri

CarTuloba;

sajaro moxeleebSi DCFTA-s sakiTxebze

informirebulobis donis zrda;

evrokavSiris mier SemuSavebuli pro-

gramebis meSveobiT finansebze gazrdi-

li wvdoma;

dafinansebis wyaroebis diversifikacia

(evrokavSiri, USAID, UNDP, SDC, ADC, FAO da sxva programebi);

im SME-ebis ricxvis zrda, romlebic

warmoebisa da procesirebis saerTaSo-

riso standartebs akmayofileben;

ekonomikaze orientirebuli CSO-ebis

gaZliereba da maTTvis adgilobrivi

mwarmoeblebisTvis daxmarebis gawevis

SesaZleblobis micema;

adgilobriv da centralur mTavrobebs,

SME-ebsa da CSO-ebs Soris kavSirebis

gaZliereba;

SME-ebisTvis motivaciis micema sxva

qveyanebSi moqmedi im kompaniebis

warmatebis Sesaxeb informaciis mice-

miT, romlebic evrokavSiris erTian ba-

zarze ukve Sevidnen;

gamocdilebis gaziareba DCFTA-is xel-

momwer sxva saxelmwifoebTan _ moldo-

vasa da ukrainasTan;

saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis ga-

Zliereba, gansakuTrebiT evrokavSiris

sawarmoebTan (sawarmoebis internacio-

nalizaciis CaTvliT);

SME-ebis gaZlierebis mxardaWera imis-

aTvis, rom maT evrokavSiris erTian ba-

zarze konkurenciis gaweva SeZlon.

kuri survilis nakleboba;

SesaZlo gare ekonomikuri faqtorebi

(maT Soris, saerTaSoriso bazrebidan

momdinare finansuri krizisi da Soke-

bi);

mesame qveynebze zedmeti ekonomiku-

ri damokidebuleba (ruseTi, TurqeTi,

CineTi).

saqarTveloSi SME-ebis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani Zlieri mxareebi evrokavSirTan inte-

graciidan modis. liberaluri sagareo savaWro reJimebi evrokavSirTan da sxva qveynebTan/

qveyanaTa jgufebTan (DCFTA, FTAs, GSP+) saqarTvelos SME-ebs SeRavaTiani vaWrobis sa-

Sualebas aZlevs. evropis samezoblo politikis farglebSi, gansakuTrebiT asocirebis

SeTanxmebis saSualebiT, SME-ebis mxardaWeris meqanizmebi Seiqmna da gafardovda iseTi

saagentoebis meSveobiT, rogorebicaa: „awarmoe saqarTveloSi“, „konkurenciis saagento“,

„akreditaciis centri“ da „inovaciebis da teqnologiebis saagento“.19 amavdroulad, SME-

ebis mxardaWerisa da DCFTA-is implementaciis programebi saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi

donorebis mier finansdeba, rac adgilobriv SME-ebs axal SesaZleblobebs sTavazobs.

rogorc gamokiTxvam aCvena, zogierTma SME-m am programebiT sargebloba da evrokavSiris

19 wyaro: Tavisufali vaWroba evrokavSirTan _ www.dcfta.gov.ge.


erTian bazarze eqsporti ukve daiwyo. SME-ebis ganviTarebisTvis sakmaod xelsayrelia

Sida regulaciac, gamartivebuli administraciuli procedurebiT, mikro da mcire bi-

znesebisTvis SedarebiT dabali gadasaxadebiTa da SeRavaTiani sagadasaxado sistemiT.

aseve, gamokiTxvis dros gamoikveTa evrokavSiris erTian bazarze maRali moTxovnis mqone

zogierTi niSuri produqtic, romelTa ganviTareba eqsportisTvis SesaZlebelia (Cireu-

li, Tafli, wvenebis koncentrantebi, bio xili da kenkra). aseTi mimarTulebebi unda gan-

viTardes, raTa evrokavSiris erTian bazarze SeRweva moxdes da SedarebiTi upiratesoba

Seiqmnas.

susti mxareebi: SME-ebis mxardaWeris programebis da meqanizmebis arsebobis miuxedavad,

organizaciebis evropis bazarze efeqturi SeRwevadobis unari mcirea. SME-ebis winaSe

mdgari ZiriTadi problema samewarmeo unarebisa da gamocdilebis da, aseve, eqportisadmi

interesis naklebobaa. es yovelive gansakuTrebiT mcire da mikro biznesebs exeba. gamok-

iTxvam aseve aCvena, rom SME-ebi DCFTA-is Sedegad miRebul SesaZleblobebze, iseve ro-

gorc gamowvevebze, sakmaris informacias ar floben. adgilobriv SME-ebs warmoebis pro-

cesSi axali teqnologiebis gamoyenebis unaric akliaT da finansebzec SezRuduli wvdoma

aqvT, rac maT produqtiulobas auaresebs, es ki evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportis Sesa-

Zleblobebze uaryofiTad moqmedebs. aseve, erT-erTi ZiriTadi problema iqidan momdin-

areobs, rom mcire biznesebis umravlesobas warmoebis dabali SesaZleblobebi aqvs (gansa-

kuTrebiT soflis meurneobis sferoSi) da TanamSromlobisTvis saWiro, Camoyalibebuli

meqanizmebi ar gaaCnia. gamokiTxvis Sedegad DCFTA-is sferoSi SME-ebisTvis cnobierebis

asamaRleblad damatebiTi sainformacio kampaniebis Catarebis saWiroeba gamoikveTa.

SesaZleblobebi: DCFTA-is implementaciam saqarTvelos mTavrobis, evrokavSirisa da

saerTaSoriso donori sazogadoebebis mzardi yuradReba miipyro. es yovelive qarTve-

li mwarmoeblebisTvis eqsportis potencialis gaZlierebiskenaa mimarTuli, raTa isini

evrokavSiris erTian bazarze Sesasvlelad da konkurenciis gasawevad iyvnen mzad. 2017

wlis noembris aRmosavleT partniorobis samitze „oci Sedegi 2020 wlisTvis“ dokumen-

tis damtkicebam ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da SME-ebis sabazro SesaZleblobebis pri-

oritetulobas Semdegi xuTi mimarTulebiT gausva xazi:

sainvesticio da biznes garemos gaumjobeseba da SME-ebisTvis mzardi potencia-

lis micema;

finansebsa da safinanso infrastruqturaze wvdomaze arsebuli xarvezebis aR-

mofxvra;

adgilobriv da regionul doneze axali samuSao SesaZleblobebis Seqmna;

cifruli bazris harmonizacia;

partnior qveynebsa da evrokavSirs Soris regionTaSorisi vaWrobis mxardaWera.20

aRniSnuli „Sedegebi“ ramdenime iseT gamowvevas Seexeba, romelic gamokiTxvis dros re-

spondentebis mierac gaJRerda. saqarTvelos SME-ebs unarianobisa da SesaZleblobebis

gaZlierebisTvis dafinansebis wyaroebis diversificireba da sxvadasxva donorebis mier

(evrokavSiri, USAID, UNDP, SDC, ADC da FAO) mxardaWeril programebze wvdomis mopoveba

20 wyaro: evrokomisia, „aRmosavleT partnioroba _ 20 Sedegi 2020 wlisTvis. ZiriTadi prioritetebi da Sede-

gebi.“ erToblivi samuSao dokumenti, briuseli, 9.6.2017, https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/swd_2017_300_f1_joint_staff_working_paper_en_v5_p1_940530.pdf.

■ 39

sWirdeba. aseve, SME-ebs DCFTA-ze ufro meti informacia unda miewodos da axladSeqmni-

li sakonsultacio servisebi regionebis masStabiTac unda gafarTovdes. es yovelive ki,

Tavis mxriv, DCFTA-is mxardaWerisa da implementaciis saqmeSi rogorc saxelmwifo insti-

tutebis, aseve adgilobrivi samoqalaqo organizaciebis ufro safuZvlian CarTulobas

moiTxovs. gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT, CSO-ebi saqarTvelos regionebSi informaciis

miwodebisa da gavrcelebis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgenen. swored amitom, ekonomi-

kaze orientirebuli CSO-ebis gaZliereba, maTi mxridan, adgilobrivi mwarmoeblebisT-

vis ufro efeqturi daxmarebis gawevis sawindari iqneboda. dabolos, saerTaSoriso da

adgilobrivi TanamSromloba axal SesaZleblobebs Seqmnida, gansakuTrebiT, Tuki es Ta-

namSromloba iseT sakiTxebs Seexeboda, rogoricaa: evrokavSiris sawarmoebTan kavSirebis

gaZliereba, DCFTA-is sxva xelmomwer saxelmwifoebTan _ moldova da ukraina _ gamoc-

dilebis gaziareba da im qveynebis warmatebidan da gakveTilebidan informaciis aReba,

romlebic evrokavSiris erTian bazarze ukve Sesulebi arian.

safrTxeebi: saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi arsebuli mzaobisa da politikuri survilis gar-

da, rom asocirebis SeTanxmebiTa da DCFTA-iT aRebuli valdebulebebis implementacia

moaxdinos, politikuri mxardaWera da procesis gangrZobiToba misi warmatebisTvis

umniSvnelovanesia. imisaTvis, rom evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsporti gamartivdes

da SesaZlo sagareo dabrkolebebi (mag: finansuri krizisi da saerTaSoriso bazrebidan

momdinare Sokebi) daiZlios, saqarTvelos rogorc axlandel, aseve momaval mTavrobebs,

SME-ebisaTvis saxelmwifo servisebis gaZlierebis valdebuleba eqnebaT. ekonomikuri

damokidebuleba mesame qveynebze, magaliTad ruseTsa da TurqeTze, qarTveli SME-ebis

evrokavSirSi eqsportis interessa da SesaZleblobebze axdens gavlenas. rogorc angariSi

aCvenebs, es ukanaskneli, SME-ebis mier maTTvis ukve kargad nacnobi am ori bazrisTvis

upiratesobis miniWebaSi gamoixateba, maSin, roca isini DCFTA-is implementaciis SesaZlo

sargebelze saTanadod informirebulni ar arian.

proeqtis partniorebi

„aRmosavleT evropis kvlevebis centri“ (EESC)

vilniusi, litva, www.eesc.lt

saqarTvelos „biznes sakonsultacio organizaciebis asociacia“ (ABCO saqarTvelo)

Tbilisi, saqarTvelo, www.abco.ge

„saqarTvelos politikis instituti“ (GIP)

Tbilisi, saqarTvelo, www.gip.ge

GLOBSECbratislava,slovakeTi, www.globsec.org

axalgazrda mecnierTa kavSiri „inteleqti“

baTumi, aWaris avtonomiuri respublika, saqarTvelo, www.intellect.org.ge

„aTinaTi“zugdidi, samegrelos regioni, saqarTvelo, www.atinati.org

„kavkasiis genetika“

siRnaRi, kaxeTis regioni, saqarTvelo

Documents

ssaqarTveloSi moqmedi mcire aqarTveloSi moqmedi mcire …old.infocenter.gov.ge/uploads/files/2018-03/...2 winamdebare publikacia warmoadgens proeqtis _ „saqarTvelo evropul gzaze: