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■ 1
ევროკავშირისაქართველოსთვის
„saqarTvelo evropul gzaze: DCFTA-isa da mcire da saSualo sawar-
moebis strategiis implementaciisTvis efeqturi modelis Seqmna“
saqarTveloSi moqmedi mcire saqarTveloSi moqmedi mcire da saSualo sawarmoebisa da da saSualo sawarmoebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis kvlevis Sedegebiorganizaciebis kvlevis SedegebisaqarTvelos mcire da saSualo sawarmoebisa (SME) da samoqalaqo
sazogadoebis organizaciebis (CSO) informireba evrokavSirTan
Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali savaWro sivrcis (DCFTA) Sesa-
xeb xelSekrulebis implementaciaze da am procesSi maTi CarTulo-
bis uzrunvelyofa
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi
www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
2 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
winamdebare publikacia warmoadgens proeqtis _ „saqarTvelo evropul gzaze: DCFTA-
isa da mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis strategiis implementaciisTvis efeqturi mod-
elis Seqmna“ _ nawils. proeqti 2017 wlis aprilSi daiwyo da 2019 wlis gazafxulamde
gagrZeldeba da evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris dadebuli xelSekrulebiT _ „Rrma
da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali savaWro sivrce“ _ uzrunvelyofili SesaZleblobebis
Sesaxeb informirebulobis naklebobas exeba. proeqtis mizania saqarTvelos samoqalaqo
sazogadoebis organizaciebis (CSO) rolis gazrda qveynis masStabiT DCFTA-is/SME-ebis
Sesaxeb warmoebul kampaniebSi; maTi unarebis gaZliereba adgilobrivi mcire da saSualo
zomis sawarmoebis evrokavSiris erTian bazarze wvdomisTvis mosamzadeblad saWiro dax-
marebis gasawevad.
proeqti xorcieldeba arasamTavrobo organizaciebisa da kvleviTi centrebis konsorci-
umis mier „aRmosavleT evropis kvleviTi centris“ (EESC, litva) xelmZRvanelobiT: saqa-
rTvelos „biznes sakonsultacio organizaciebis asociacia“ (ABCO saqarTvelo), „saqarT-
velos politikis instituti“ (GIP, saqarTvelo), „globsekis politikis instituti“ (GPI, slovakeTi), axalgazrda mecnierTa kavSiri `inteleqti~ (saqarTvelo), „aTinaTi“ (saqarT-
velo) da asociacia „kavkasiis genetika“ (saqarTvelo).
proeqti dafinansebulia evrokavSiris „evropuli samezoblo instrumentis“ mier.
es publikacia Seqmnilia evrokavSiris mxardaWeriT. mis Sinaarsze srulad pasuxismgebel-
ni arian proeqtis partniorebi da ar niSnavs rom igi asaxavs evrokavSiris Sexedulebebs.
■ 3
abreviaturebi
AA _ asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba
Adjara A.R. _ aWaris avtonomiuri respublika
ACDA _ sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativebis ganviTarebis saagento
ACF (Action contre la Faim) _ moZraoba SimSlis winaaRmdeg
BSO _ biznesis mxardaWeris organizacia
CIPDD _ mSvidobis, demokratiis da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri instituti
CSO _ samoqalaqo sazgadoebis organizacia
DCFTA _ Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali savaWro sivrce
ENPARD _ evropis samezoblo programa soflis meurneobisa da soflis ganviTarebisaTvis
EU _ evrokavSiri
EUR _ evro (valuta)
FAO _ gaeros sursaTisa da soflis meurneobis organizacia
FDI _ pirdapiri ucxouri investicia
GEL _ qarTuli lari (valuta)
HACCP _ safrTxis analizisa da kritikuli sakontrolo wertilebis sistema
HS Code _ harmonizebuli sistemis kodebi
IFAD _ soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis saerTaSoriso fondi
ISO _ standartizaciis saerTaSoriso organizacia
MDGs _ aTaswleulis ganviTarebis miznebi
PIN _ adamianebi gaWirvebaSi
RCDA _ soflad TemTa ganviTarebis saagento
SMEs _ mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebi
UMCOR _ „amqor-saqarTvelo“ _ gaerTianebuli meTodisturi komitetis humanitaruli
misia saqarTveloSi
USAID _ amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento
4 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
sarCevi
Sesavali
gamokiTxvis meTodologia
CSO-ebis identificireba
SME-ebis identificireba
1. saqarTvelos CSO-ebis identificireba
1.1. adgilobrivi CSO-ebis Sesaxeb zogadi informacia
1.2. saqarTvelos regionebSi mdebare CSO-ebis saqmianobis areali
ZiriTadi mignebebi
2. saqarTvelos SME-ebis identificireba
2.1. saqarTvelos SME-ebis Sesaxeb zogadi informacia
saqarTvelos SME-ebis warmoebis sferoebi
2.2. SME-ebis eqsportis potencialis Sefaseba
2.3. DCFTA-is Sesaxeb SME-ebis informirebulobis donis Sefaseba
ZiriTadi mignebebi
gamokiTxuli SME-ebis SWOT analizi
5
7
7
8
11
11
13
16
18
18
20
22
29
35
36
■ 5
Sesavali
2014 wels evrokavSirTan „asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebaze“ (AA), romelic aseve moicavs
„Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali vaWrobis sivrcis“ (DCFTA) komponents, xelis mow-
eris Semdeg, saqarTvelo evropul bazarSi integracias ramdenime nabijiT miuaxlovda.
qarTuli produqtebis xarisxis standartebis zrda qarTul biznesseqtors msoflios
sxvadasxva mxareSi eqsportisa da qveynis ekonomikuri zrdis ufro met SesaZleblobas
miscems. saqarTvelos mTavrobam, evrokavSirTan da saerTaSoriso aqtorebTan TanamS-
romlobiT, adgilobrivi biznesseqtorisTvis ramdenime programisa da servisis warmoeba
daiwyo. maT Sorisaa: evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportisTvis saWiro moTxovnebisa
da standartebis Sesaxeb konsultaciebis gamarTva, evrokavSirSi moRvawe partniorebTan
axali savaWro da sainvesticio kontaqtebis damyarebaSi daxmareba da vaWrobasTan dakav-
Sirebuli reformebisa da maregulirebeli cvlilebebis Sesaxeb informaciis gaziareba.
saqarTvelos mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebisTvis (SemdgomSi SME), DCFTA-i war-
moadgens rogorc SesaZleblobas, ise gamowvevas. eqsportisa da pirdapiri ucxouri in-
vesticiebisTvis (FDI) biZgis micemasTan erTad, DCFTA-i SesaZloa instituciuri da ma-
regulirebeli reformebis katalizatoric iyos. es ukanaskneli ki saqarTvelos Sida
standartebis evrokavSiris erTiani bazris standartebTan SesabamisobaSi mosvlas Seu-
wyobs xels. meore mxriv, DCFTA-i garkveuli cvlilebebis ganxorcielebas moiTxovs ro-
gorc qarTveli mwarmoeblebis muSaobis, aseve, maTi saqmianobis daregulirebis kuTxiT.
amisaTvis, warmoebis modernizebaSi investiciebis Cadeba da produqtebis ufro maRali
xarisxis miRweva iqneba saWiro. aqamde cxadi ar iyo, Tu ra doneze hqondaT SME-ebs am
axal da ufro mkacr moTxovnebTan adaptirebis survili da SesaZlebloba. saqarTvelos
SME-ebis DCFTA-isTan adaptirebis saWiroebebis ukeT gasagebad, qarTuli da evropuli
organizaciebis konsociumma, 2017 wlis zafxulSi, saqarTvelos masStabiT gamokiTxva dai-
wyo proeqtis farglebSi _ „saqarTvelo evropul gzaze: DCFTA-isa da SME-ebis strate-
giis implementaciisTvis efeqturi modelis Seqmna“. gamokiTxvis meSveobiT adgilobrivi
mwarmoeblebis evrokavSiris regulaciebTan adaptirebisa da evrokavSiris erTian bazarSi
integraciisTvis mzadyofna fasdeba.
DCFTA-is implementaciis sakiTxSi, konsociumis mier samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organi-
zaciebis (SemdgomSi CSO) mniSvnelobasac gaesva xazi. mimdinare sainformacio kampaniebis
miuxedavad, DCFTA-is Sesaxeb biznesis mflobelebis, menejerebisa da farTo mosaxleobis
informirebuloba saqarTveloSi kvlav dabal doneze rCeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom am fonze,
CSO-ebs SeswevT imis unari, rom iyvnen e.w. „kampaniis agentebi“ da asocirebis SeTanxmebis/
DCFTA-is sargeblianobis Sesaxeb mosaxleobis mniSvnelovan nawils miawodon informacia
iseve, rogorc, reformebsa da implementaciis procesis progress gauwion advokatireba.
proeqtis _ „saqarTvelo evropul gzaze: DCFTA-isa da SME-ebis strategiis implementaci-
isTvis efeqturi modelis Seqmna“ _ saboloo mizani DCFTA-isa da „saqarTvelos mcire da
saSualo mewarmeobis strategiis“1 implementaciis procesSi saqarTvelos CSO-ebisa da
biznesis mxardamWeri organizaciebis (bmo) unarebis gaZlierebaa. orive gamokiTxvis Se-
degebi im SME-ebisa da CSO-ebis2 identificirebisTvis iqneba gamoyenebuli, romelTac
1 wyaro: „saqarTvelos mcire da saSualo mewarmeobis ganviTarebis strategia 2016-2020 wlebisTvis“, noem-
beri, 2015.2 CSO-ebis SerCeva aseve moicavs biznesis mxardamWer organizaciebs (bmo), romlebic cxra regionsa da
aWaris a.r-SimoRvaweoben.
saqarTvelos bmo-ebis did nawils saqmianobis farTo speqtri aqvs. biznesis mxardaWeris garda, isini saqa-
rTvelos samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Semadgeneli nawilebi arian da iseT aqtivobebs axorcieleben, romlebic
CSO-ebis eqspertizisa da saqmianobis arealSi eqceva. funqciebis amgvari gadafarva CSO-ebisa da bmo-ebisT-
vis Cveuli movlenaa, rac saqarTvelos CSO-ebis identificirebisTvis bmo-ebis gamoyenebas marTebuls xdis.
6 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
am proeqtTTan TanamSromlobisa da masSi gawerili aqtivobebiT sargeblobis potencia-
li aqvT. proeqti gulisxmobs CSO-ebis unarebisa da SesaZleblobebis gaZlierebisTvis
treningebis Catarebas imisaTvis, rom maT: a) DCFTA-is Sesaxeb cnobierebis asamaRlebeli
kampaniebis warmoebaSi Seitanon wvlili da b) evrokavSiris erTian bazarze Sesvlisa da
misiT sargeblobis sakiTxze konsultaciebi gauwion da daexmaron adgilobriv SME-ebs.
winamdebare angariSis pirveli nawili saqarTvelos CSO-ebis gamokiTxvis Sedegebs asaxavs.
is, saqarTvelos regionebSi moqmedi im CSO-ebis identificirebis aTvlis wertilad ga-
moiyeneba, romlebic ekonomikur da evrokavSirTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebze muSaoben da
romlebsac unarebis gaZlierebisTvis saTanado programebSi CarTvis da, agreTve, DCFTA-
is/SME-ebis strategiis implementaciaSi monawileobis miRebisa da masSi sakuTari wvli-
lis Setanis SesaZlebloba da survili aqvT.
CSO-ebis gamokiTxvis mizani iyo:
regionul CSO-ebsa da bmo-ebze zogadi informaciis Segroveba;
saqarTvelos CSO-ebisa da bmo-ebis unarebis Sefaseba, Tu ramdenad SeuZliaT
maT daxmareba gauwion DCFTA-is/SME-ebis strategiis implementacias da CaerTon
DCFTA-ze cnobierebis asamaRlebel kampaniebSi qveynis masStabiT;
proeqtiT gaweril aqtivobebSi monawileobisaTvis CSO-ebisa da bmo-ebis Sesa-
Zleblobebisa da survilis identificireba;
DCFTA-is/SME-ebis strategiis implementaciis Sesaxeb damatebiTi informaciis
miRebisa da proeqtis aqtivobebSi monawileobis survilis Sefaseba.
winamdebare angariSis meore nawili saqarTveloSi moqmedi SME-ebis gamokiTxvis Sedegebs
asaxavs da evrokavSiris erTian bazarze qarTveli mwarmoeblebis Sesvlis mzaobasa da am
gzaze maTTvis arsebuli gamowvevebis gaanalizebas isaxavs miznad. gamokiTxvis Sedegad
miRebulma monacemebma konsociums saSualeba misca, SME-ebis gamocdileba da SME-ebis
mxardaWeris arsebul programebSi maTi monawileoba gaeanalizebina.
saqarTvelos SME-ebis identificirebis ZiriTadi mizani iyo:
regionul SME-ebze zogadi informaciis miReba da maTi profilebis gansazRvra
(warmoebis moculoba da eqsportis potenciali);
DCFTA-is sakiTxebze maTi informirebulobis donis dadgena;
evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis potencialisa da monawileobis Sefaseba;
im ZiriTadi gamowvevebis gansazRvra, romlebic evrokavSiris erTian bazarze maT
ufro efeqturad yofnas abrkolebs.
■ 7
gamokiTxvis meTodologia
CSO-ebis identificireba
adgilobrivi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis identificirebis procesi 2017
wlis zafxulSi saqarTvelos cxra regionsa da aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi ganx-
orcielda. adgilobrivi CSO-ebis identificirebis dros mkvlevarebma aRmoaCines, rom
saqarTveloSi CSO-ebis sando monacemTa baza ar arsebobs; onlain siebi yovlismomcveli
ar aris da iq registrirebuli CSO-ebidan bevri aRar funqcionirebs. DCFTA-s farglebSi
regionuli ganviTarebis mimarT mzardi interesis gaTvaliswinebiT, adgilobrivi samoqa-
laqo sazogadoebebidan im partniorebis identificirebaa mniSvnelovani, romlebsac adg-
ilobriv qselebSi aqtiuri CarTulobiTa da warmomadgenlobiT ganviTarebis programebis
mxardaWera SeuZliaT.
CSO-ebis SerCevaSi CaerTo is organizaciebi, romlebic Semdeg kriteriumebs akmayofileben:
iuridiulad registrirebulni arian da saqarTvelos regionebSi moRvaweo-
ben. SerCevidan gamoiricxa TbilisSi registrirebuli CSO-ebi, radgan proeqti
yuradRebas amaxvilebs regionuli CSO-ebis unarebis ganviTarebasa da maTTvis
monawileobis SesaZleblobebis micemaze;
TavianT regionebSi aqtiurad axorcieleben sxvadasxva aqtivobebs;
prioriteti mieniWaT iseT CSO-ebs, romlebic DCFTA-isTan dakavSirebuli Tem-
atikisTvis relevantur sferoebSi muSaoben. aseTebia: regionuli ganviTareba,
mewarmeobis mxardaWera, evropuli integracia da advokatireba. regionuli cen-
trebis gareT moqmedi CSO-ebis simciris gamo, identificirebis procesSi sxva
Temebze momuSave CSO-ebic iqnen CarTulni.
CSO-ebi 61 municipalitetsa da 168 organizaciaSi gamoikiTxa (ixileT cxrili #1) da Ti-
Toeul municipalitetSi saSualod sami organizacia identificirda. moqmedi CSO-ebi ar
dafiqsirda zogierT samizne municipalitetSi, umetesad, mTian regionebsa da patara an
regionuli centridan moSorebiT mdebare municipalitetebSi.
8 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
cxrili #1.
gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis raodenoba regionebis da aWaris avtonomiur respublikis mixedviT
SME-ebis identificireba
SME-s identificirebis procesSi, saqarTvelos cxra regionsa da aWaris avtonomiur re-
spublikaSi, im mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebis gansazRvra da daregistrireba moxda,
romelTac DCFTA-is farglebSi evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis aSkara potencia-
li aqvT (axla an momavalSi). kvleva qveynis masStabiT warmoebul reprezentatul gamok-
iTxvas gulisxmobda. gamokiTxvisTvis SME-ebis SerCeva xdeboda im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki isini
akmayofilebdnen Semdeg kriteriumebs:
iuridiulad registrirebulni arian da saqarTvelos regionebSi moRvaweoben.
TbilisSi registrirebuli SME-ebi ganzrax iqna gamoricxuli SerCevidan, radgan
aRniSnuli proeqtis mizani regionuli SME-ebis CarTuloba da mxardaWeraa;
Seesabamebian mcire an saSualo zomis sawarmoebis „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado
kodeqsiT“3 da „saqarTvelos erovnuli sainvesticio saagentos Sesaxeb“4 kanoniT
3 saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis mixedviT, mcire biznesis statusi eniWebaT mewarmeebs (fizikur pirebs),
romelTa ekonomikuri saqmianobidan miRebuli erToblivi Semosavali erTi kalendruli wlis ganmavloba-
Si ar aRemateba 100,000 lars. mikro biznesis statusi eniWebaT mewarmeebs (fizikur pirebs), romlebic ar
iyeneben daqiravebul muSaxels, damoukideblad ewevian ekonomikur saqmianobas da maTi wliuri, jamuri
erToblivi Semosavali ar aRemateba 30,000 lars. wyaro: „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsi“ (2010).4 SME-s ganmarteba _ „saqarTvelos erovnuli sainvesticio saagentos Sesaxeb“ kanonis mixedviT, ganisaz-
Rvreba dasaqmebulTa raodenobiT da [wliuri] brunviT, romelic saqarTvelos saWiroebebzea morgebu-
li. igi SME-s seqtorze oficialuri statistikis kompilaciisTvis gamoiyeneba. mcire zomis sawarmoebi
wliurad araumetes 100 adamians asaqmeben da maTi wliuri brunva ar aRemateba 1,500,000 lars. mcire
sawarmoebi wliurad asaqmeben 20-mde adamians da maTi wliuri brunva ar aRemateba 500,000 lars. wyaro:
saqarTvelos kanoni „saqarTvelos erovnuli sainvesticio saagentos Sesaxeb“.
gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis
raodenobaregioni/avtonomiuri respublika
aWaris avtonomiuri respublika (aWaris a.r.) municipalitetebi:
baTumi, qobuleTi, xelvaCauri, qeda, Suaxevi, xulo.
guria municipalitetebi: ozurgeTi, Coxatauri, lanCxuTi.
imereTi municipalitetebi: quTaisi, zestafoni, saCxere,
samtredia, WiaTura, wyaltubo, tyibuli, baRdaTi, vani,
xaragauli, xoni, Terjola.
kaxeTi municipalitetebi: axmeta, sagarejo, dedofliswyaro,
siRnaRi, gurjaani, Telavi, yvareli, lagodexi.
qvemo qarTli municipalitetebi: marneuli, bolnisi, dmanisi,
gardabani, TeTriwyaro, walka.
mcxeTa-mTianeTi municipalitetebi: yazbegi, mcxeTa, duSeTi,
TianeTi.
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi municipalitetebi: ambrolauri,
oni, cageri, lentexi.
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi municipalitetebi: zugdidi, abaSa,
martvili, senaki, Cxorowyu, walenjixa, xobi, mestia.
samcxe-javaxeTi municipalitetebi: borjomi, axalcixe, adigeni,
aspinZa, axalqalaqi, ninowminda.
Sida qarTli municipalitetebi: gori, xaSuri, kaspi, qareli.
sul:
49
4
7
15
15
11
2
31
16
18
168
■ 9
dadgenil gansazRvrebas;
awarmoeben saqonels, romelic potenciurad SesaZloa evrokavSiris erTian ba-
zarze eqsportirdes. servisis mimwodebeli sawarmoebi kvlevidan gamoiricxa.
identificirebuli kompaniebi DCFTA-isan dakavSirebuli programebis potenciur part-
niorebad an maT beneficiarebad iqna miCneuli. kvlevis gegma iyo gamokiTxvis Catareba
61 municipalitetSi da maTgan TiToeulSi 10 SME-s gamokiTxva. saerTo jamSi, kvlevaSi
monawileoba miiRo 559 SME-m5, TiToeul municipalitetSi daaxloebiT cxra gamokiTx-
uliT (ix. cxrili #2). oTx regionsa da aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi 10 an meti
SME iqna gamokiTxuli, maSin, roca danarCen regionebSi gamokiTxuli SME-ebis raodenoba
xuTidan cxramde meryobs. gamokiTxulTa raodenoba dabali iyo zogierT mTian regionSi,
gansakuTrebiT ki mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionSi, sadac moqmedi SME-ebis SedarebiT mcire
raodenoba Seesabameboda SerCevis kriteriumebs.
cxrili #2. gamokiTxuli SME-ebis raodenoba regionebis mixedviT
orive gamokiTxva Tvisobrivi meTodis gamoyenebiT Catarda. subieqtebs sTxoves SeevsoT
Ria da daxuruli kiTxvebisgan Semdgari eleqtronuli kiTxvari. kiTxvaridan miRebuli
monacemebi „eqselSi“ damuSavda. meore fazaSi ki savele kvleva Catarda _ mkvlevarebi
regionebSi dadiodnen da kvlevis subieqtebTan pirispir interviuebs atarebdnen (onlain
meTodis dros gamoyenebuli igive kiTxvarebiT).
5 aRsaniSnavia, rom Catarebuli gamoklvevis procesSi imaze meti SME iqna identificirebuli vidre es
winamdebare angariSSia miTiTebuli, Tumca zogierTTan gamokiTxvis Catareba ver moxerxda, sxvadasxva
mizezebiT maTi droebiTi xelmiuwvdomlobis gamo. interviuerebi itoveben maT sakontaqto informacias
da SerCevis gazrdis SesaZleblobas gaiTvaliswineben, raTa gamokiTxvis meore etapze (proeqtis saboloo
etapi), romelic 2019 welsaa dagegmili, aRniSnuli SME-ebi kvlevaSi CaerTon.
gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis
raodenobaregioni/avtonomiuri respublika
aWaris avtonomiuri respublika (aWaris a.r.) municipalitetebi:
baTumi, qobuleTi, xelvaCauri, qeda, Suaxevi, xulo.
guria municipalitetebi: ozurgeTi, Coxatauri, lanCxuTi.
imereTi municipalitetebi: quTaisi, zestafoni, saCxere,
samtredia, WiaTura, wyaltubo, tyibuli, baRdaTi, vani,
xaragauli, xoni, Terjola.
kaxeTi municipalitetebi: axmeta, sagarejo, dedofliswyaro,
siRnaRi, gurjaani, Telavi, yvareli, lagodexi.
qvemo qarTli municipalitetebi: marneuli, bolnisi, dmanisi,
gardabani, TeTriwyaro, walka.
mcxeTa-mTianeTi municipalitetebi: yazbegi, mcxeTa, duSeTi,
TianeTi.
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi municipalitetebi: ambrolauri,
oni, cageri, lentexi.
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi municipalitetebi: zugdidi, abaSa,
martvili, senaki, Cxorowyu, walenjixa, xobi, mestia.
samcxe-javaxeTi municipalitetebi: borjomi, axalcixe, adigeni,
aspinZa, axalqalaqi, ninowminda.
Sida qarTli municipalitetebi: gori, xaSuri, kaspi, qareli.
sul:
64
30
112
60
55
20
45
62
62
49
559
10 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
CSO-ebisTvis gankuTvnili naxevrad struqturirebuli kiTxvari Sedgeboda 16 kiTxvis-
gan. is Semdegnairad iyo dajgufebuli: adgilobriv CSO-ebis Sesaxeb zogadi informacia
(nawili I); maTi saqmianobis areali, maT Soris _ samizne jgufebi, samuSao sferoebi da
komunikaciis saSualebebi (nawili II). SME-ebisTvis gankuTvnili naxevrad struqturire-
buli kiTxvari, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeboda 30 kiTxvisgan da sam nawilad iyofoda: nawili I _
SME-ebis Sesaxeb zogadi informacia; nawili II _ eqsportis potencialis Sefaseba, nawili
III _ DCFTA-s Sesaxeb informirebulobis donis gansazRvra.
gamokiTxvis Catarebis meTodologia moicavda:
samagido kvlevas: CSO-ebis Sesaxeb saWiro monacemebis, maT Soris, siebisa da sa-
kontaqto informaciis mopoveba iseTi wyaroebidan rogoricaa: csogeorgia.org,
cso.ge da CIPDD-is mier Sedgenili monacemTa baza6; xolo SME-ebis SemTxveva-
Si: samizne municipalitetebSi mdebare „saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis samin-
istros“ sakonsultacio centrebi, Bia.ge da „saqarTvelos savaWro-samrewvelo
palata“. samizne SME-ebisa da CSO-ebis identificirebis procesSi mkvlevarebma
aseve CarTes samizne mulicipatetebSi mdebare Sesabamisi samTavrobo departa-
mentebi da partniori organizaciebis qselebi.
savele kvleva: samizne SME-ebTan da CSO-ebTan interviuebis adgilze Catareba
naxevrad struqturirebuli kiTxvarebis gamoyenebiT, Semdegi partniori (qar-
Tuli) organizaciebis mier xorcieldeboda: GIP, ABCO, axalgazrda mecnierTa
kavSiri „inteleqti“, ATINATI da „kavkasiis genetika“.
onlain gamokiTxva: kiTxvarebi onlain aitvirTa da kvlevis subieqtebs isini in-
terviuerebis mier gagzavnili linkebis saSualebiT unda SeevsoT.
satelefono gamokiTxva: samizne SME-ebisa da CSO-ebis warmomadgenlebTan daka-
vSireba da gamokiTxva imave kiTxvaris gamoyenebiT, rogorc es onlain- da savele
kvlevis dros xorcieldeboda.
SerCeva cdomilebis gareSe ar arsebobs, amdenad, rogorc CSO-ebis, aseve SME-ebis iden-
tificirebisas cdomilebis xarisxi 3% iyo.
6 wyaro: qarTuli CSO-ebis monacemTa baza, „mSvidobis, demokratiis da ganviTarebis kavkasiis instituti“
(CIPDD), www.cipdd.org.
■ 11
1. saqarTvelos CSO-ebis identificireba
saqarTvelos CSO-ebis identificirebis mizania saqarTvelos regionebSi momuSave adg-
ilobrivi organizaciebis profilebis gansazRvra da DCFTA-isTan dakavSirebul pro-
eqtebSi, adgilobrivi partniorebis ufro sistemur CarTulobaSi wvlilis Setana. qve-
moT mocemul qveTavebSi saubari exeba: CSO-ebis regionul ganawilebas da maT zomas;
maTi saqmianobis areals, relevantur samizne jgufebsa da adgilobriv dainteresebul
mxareebTan wvdomisaTvis gamosayenebel sakomunikacio saSualebebs; DCFTA-is mimarT ar-
sebul maT interesebs.
1.1. adgilobrivi CSO-ebis Sesaxeb zogadi informacia
gamokiTxuli regionebi zomis, socialuri da ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da infras-
truqturasTan xelmisawvdomobis mixedviT erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba. gamokiTxvis Sede-
gebic TvalnaTliv aCvenebs, rom qveynis masStabiT moqmedi CSO-ebis ganawileba proporci-
uli ar aris. moqmedi CSO-ebis udidesi nawili aWaris a.r.-Si (49 CSO, saerTo raodenobis
29%) mdebareobs, xolo yvelaze mcire _ raWa-leCxumsa da qvemo svaneTis regionebSi. am
ukanasknelSi, gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis mxolod 1% mdebareobs (ix. diagrama #1.1.).
diagrama # 1.1. gamokiTxuli CSO-ebi regionebis mixedviT
regionSi moqmedi CSO-ebis umetesoba SedarebiT mcire zomisaa. gamokiTxvis Sedegebi
aCvenebs, rom CSO-ebis 64%-Si dasaqmebulTa raodenoba 1-dan 5 adamianamde meryeobs.
6-dan 30-mde dasaqmebuli CSO-ebis 33%-s hyavs, xolo dasaqmebulTa raodenoba 30-s gamok-
iTxuli CSO-ebis mxolod 3%-Si aRemateba. SedarebiT didi zomis CSO-ebi ufro did qa-
laqebSia Tavmoyrili: ori maTgani mdebareobs gorSi, erTi quTaisSi da erTic baTumSi.
xSir SemTxvevaSi, SedarebiT did CSO-ebs filialebi an ofisebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva
regionebSic aqvT (ix. diagrama #1.2.).
18%
4%
1%
11%
7%
9%10%
9%
29%
afxazeTi
soxumi
zugdidi
quTaisi
gori
rusTavi
axalcixe Tbilisi
TelavimcxeTaozurgeTi
baTumi
ambrolauri
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
raWa-leCxumi da
qvemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
kaxeTi
guria
aWara
imereTiSida qarTli
qvemo qarTli
2%
12 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
CSO-ebis umravlesoba mxolod im erT regionSi muSaobs, sadac daregistrirebulia.
gamokiTxuli organizaciebis 81% miuTiTebs, rom maT sxva adgilebSi filialebi ar aqvT,
xolo 19% miuTiTebs, rom aqvT. im CSO-ebis umravlesoba, romelsac sxva regionebSic
aqvs filialebi aWaris a.r.-sa da Sida qarTlSi mdebareobs. aRsaniSnavia, rom CSO-ebis
umravlesoba, romelic ufro didi organizaciis nawils warmoadgens an saqarTvelos sxva
regionSi mqone filialis arsebobaze miuTiTebs, Tavadaa TbilisSi dafuZnebuli da moq-
medi organizaciebis filiali7 (ix. diagrama #1.4.).
diagrama #1.4. CSO-ebi, romlebsac sxva regionebSic aqvT filialebi
-ze meti
-ze meti
aWar
is a
.r.
qvem
o q
arT
li
mcxeT
a-mT
ianeT
i
raW
a-l
eCxu
mi d
a qv
emo
sva
neTi
sameg
rel
o z
emo
-sva
neTi
samc
xe-j
avax
eTi
Sida
qar
Tl
i
gur
ia
imer
eTi
kaxeT
i
diagrama #1.2. CSO-ebis zoma dasaqmebulTa
raodenobis mixedviT
diagrama # 1.3. CSO-ebis zoma dasaqmebulTa
raodenobisa da regionebis mixedviT
aqvT filialebi ar aqvT filialebi
7 TbilisSi dafuZnebuli da moqmedi CSO-ebi aRniSnuli kvlevis sagani ar iyo, radgan proeqti uSualod
saqarTvelos regionebSi mdebare CSO-ebze fokusirdeba, Tumca gamokiTxvaSi TbilisSi dafuZnebuli CSO-
ebis regionuli filialebic monawileobdnen.
■ 13
1.2. saqarTvelos regionebSi mdebare CSO-ebis saqmianobis areali
CSO-ebis identificirebis Sesaxeb angariSis es nawili adgilobrivi organizaciebis pro-
filebze ufro detalur informacias iZleva. aRniSnul qveTavi aanalizebs CSO-ebis adg-
ils maT samizne jgufebSi, afasebs ramdenad relevanturia adgilobrivi CSO-ebis saqmi-
anobis areali DCFTA-is implementaciisTvis da komunikaciis im instrumentebs ajamebs,
romlebsac CSO-ebi samizne auditoriebisTvis xmis misawvdenad iyeneben.
gamokiTxvis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebi aCvenebs, rom SME-ebis mxardaWeris saqmeSi saqa-
rTvelos CSO-ebis mcire raodenobaa CarTuli. samizne jgufebis CamoTvlisas, CSO-ebis
mxolod 9%-ma miuTiTa, rom isini SME-ebis warmomadgenlebTan muSaoben; rac Seexeba
agrobiznesebs, isini adgilobrivi CSO-ebis 8%-is saqmianobis fokusSia; CSO-ebis 14% ki
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebTan muSaobs. aRsaniSnavia, rom CSO-ebis mxri-
dan am ukanasknelTan ufro axlo TanamSromloba adgilobriv doneze SME-ebis ganviTare-
bis mxardamWeri reformebis xelSewyobisTvis iqneboda sargeblis momtani.
samizne jgufebs Soris yvelaze popularuli kategoria axalgazrdoba aRmoCnda _ or-
ganizaciebis 24%-is TqmiT, isini ZiriTadad axalgazrdebTan muSaoben. gamokiTxuli or-
ganizaciebis 12%-isTvis mTavari samizne jgufi iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi arian;
10%-isTvis _ SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebi; 8%-isTvis _ eTnikuri umciresobe-
bi, 3%-isTvis _ qalebi, xolo 1%-isTvis socialurad mowyvladi jgufebi. CSO-ebis 11
%-ma yuradRebis sagnad sxva samizne jgufebi daasaxela, maT Soris: maRalmTian regionSi
mcxovrebi mosaxleoba, xandazmulebi, maswavleblebi da sxv. gamokiTxulTa 1 %-ma ki or-
ganizaciis ZiriTadi samizne jgufis identificireba ver SeZlo (ix. diagrama #1.5.).
diagrama #1.5. CSO-ebis samizne jgufebi
regionuli Taviseburebebis TvalsazrisiT, SME-ebTan da agrobiznesebTan momuSave CSO-
ebis udidesi nawili samcxe-javaxeTSia ganTavsebuli, maTgan cxra SME-ebTan muSaobs, xolo
10 _ agrobiznesebTan; aWaris a.r-Si _ SME-ebTan Svidi CSO muSaobs, agrobisznesebTan ki
xuTi; kaxeTSi xuTi organizacia muSaobs SME-ebTan, xolo Svidi agrobiznesebTan. am ori
jgufis mniSvneloba yvela sxva regionSi TiTqmis identuria, Tumca, aseT samizne jgufe-
bze orientirebuli CSO-ebis ricxvi yvela sxva regionSi orsa da eqvss Soris meryeobs.
sxva jgufebs rac Seexeba, CSO-ebs yvelaze mravalferovani samizne jgufebi aWaris a.r-Si
hyavT. iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebTan muSaobis sakiTxze specializirebuli CSO-ebis
udidesi wili (proporciulad) samegrelo-zemo svaneTsa da Sida qarTlSi (afxazeTisa da
samxreT oseTis mosazRvre teritoriebi) fiqsirdeba. eTnikuri umciresobebi ki propor-
ciulad yvelaze maRali raodenobiT samcxe-javaxeTisa da qvemo qarTlis CSO-ebis yur-
adRebis sagania (ix. diagrama #1.6.).
axalgazrdebi
TviTmmarTveloba
mss-ebis warmomadgenlebi
eTnikuri umciresobebi
agrobiznesi
qalebi
socialurad mowyvladi jgufebi
sxva
iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi (IDP)
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebi
14 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
diagrama #1.6. samizne jgufebi regionebis mixedviT
diagrama #1.7. SME-ebTan, agrobiznesebTan da TviTmmarTvel organoebTan momuSave
CSO-ebis ganawileba
kiTxvaze, romelic maTi saqmianobis arealebis identificirebas Seexeboda, gamokiTxuli
CSO-ebis 17%-ma ekonomikuri ganviTareba, 16%-ma soflis meurneoba, 13%-ma sakanonmde-
blo mxardaWera, 9%-ma ki ganaTleba miuTiTa. aRmoCnda, rom respondentebis mxolod
5% muSaobs iseT sakiTxebze, romlebic DCFTA-is implementaciasa da sursaTis uvneblobas
ukavSirdeba. kidev ufro naklebi CSO _ 4% _ muSaobs eqsportis mxardaWeraze (ix. diagrama
#1.8.). sxva sferoebi, romelsac adgilobrivi CSO-ebis saqmianoba moicavs, adamianis
uflebebs, jandacvasa da socialur sakiTxebs ukavSirdeba. aseve gamoikveTa, rom bevri
organizacia erTdroulad ramdenime sferoze muSaobs (respondentebs SekiTxvaze ramden-
ime pasuxis arCevis saSualeba hqondaT).
axalgazrdebi
TviTmmarTveloba
mss-ebis warmomadgenlebi
eTnikuri umciresobebi
aWaris a.r.
guria
imereTi
kaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
Sida qarTli
agrobiznesi
qalebi
socialurad mowyvladi jgufebi
sxva
iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi (IDP)
SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebi
TviTmmarTvelobamss-ebis warmomadgenlebi
aWaris a.r.
guria
imereTi
kaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
Sida qarTli
agrobiznesi
■ 15
DCFTA-is sakiTxebze momuSave CSO-ebis yvelaze didi raodenoba samegrelo-zemo svaneT-
Si, qvemo qarTlsa da Sida qarTlis regionebSi dafiqsirda; eqsportis mxardaWeraze ori-
entirebuli CSO-ebis umravlesoba samegrelo-zemo svaneTSi, samcxe-javaxeTsa da Sida qa-
rTlSi muSaobs; ekonomikuri ganviTarebis Tematikaze momuSave organizaciebiT ki aWaris
a.r., Sida qarTli da samegrelo-zemo svaneTi liderobs (ix. cxrili 1.1.).
cxrili 1.1. saqarTvelos CSO-ebis saqmianobis areali regionebis mixedviT (cxrili miu-
TiTebs CSO-ebis raodenobas):
diagrama #1.8. saqarTvelos CSO-ebis saqmianobis areali:
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom CSO-ebi TavianT samizne jgufebTan kavSiris dasam-
yareblad komunikaciis sxvadasxva formasa da arxs (xSirad ramdenimes erTadac ki) iyene-
ben. treningebis Catareba samizne auditoriis wvdomisTvis erT-erTi yvelaze farTod
gamoyenebuli instrumentia (gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis 37%-is mier aris gamoyenebuli), mas
mohyveba publikaciebi (24%) da konsultaciebis gaweva (16%). gamokiTxvaSi CSO-ebis mier
naxseneb komunikaciis sxva saSualebebs Sorisaa: sajaro Sexvedrebi, socialuri mediis
arxebi, RonisZiebebi, mediasaSualebebSi gamocemebi da posterebis Seqmna (ix. diagrama
#1.9.).
ekonomikuri
ganviTareba
soflis
meurneoba
DCFTA-is im-plementacia
sursaTis
uvnebloba
eqsportis
mxardaweraregioni/saqmianobis areali
aWaris a.r.
guria
imereTi
kaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
Sida qarTli
2
1
2
1
2
1
4
4
3
2
1
7
6
2
2
1
3
1
4
2
3
7
1
6
7
9
9
5
12
1
2
3
7
3
2
11
8
11
ekonomikuri ganviTareba
soflis meurneoba
sakanonmdeblo mxardaWera
ganaTleba
sursaTis uvnebloba
eqsportis mxardaWera
adamianis uflebebis dacva
jandacva
socialuri sakiTxebi
sxva
DCFTA-is implementacia
16 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
diagrama #1.9. gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis mier gamoyenebuli komunikaciis formebi
gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis 92 %-ma DCFTA-is sakiTxebze muSaobis survili gamoTqva. organi-
zaciebi, romlebic DCFTA-iT ar arian dainteresebulni (gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis 8%) ori-
entirebulni arian iseT mimarTulebebze, romelic SME-ebis ganviTarebas ar ukavSirdeba,
maT Soris, magaliTad: kultura, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebis socialuri
integracia da saarCevno monitoringi (ix. diagrama #1.10.).
diagrama #1.10. DCFTA-is sakiTxebze muSaobiT dainteresebuli CSO-ebis raodenoba
DCFTA-iT dainteresebuli CSO-ebis 100%-ma ganacxada, rom DCFTA-isTan dakavSirebul
sakiTxebze maT damatebiTi informacia an treningi sWirdebaT.
ZiriTadi mignebebi
aRniSnuli proeqtis farglebSi gamokiTxuli samoqalaqo sazogadoebis organizaciebis
umravlesobam DCFTA-is implementaciis programebis mimarT interesi gamoxata. gamok-
iTxuli CSO-ebis 92%-ma ganacxada, rom maT DCFTA-is Sesaxeb treningis da damatebiTi
informaciis miRebisa da DCFTA-is sakiTxebze muSaobis survili aqvT. Tumca, miuxedavad
maRali motivaciisa, CSO-ebis unari _ DCFTA-s implementaciis procesSi TavianT re-
gionebSi wvlili Seitanon, sakmaod SezRudulia. aseve, CSO-ebis umravlesobam aRniSna,
rom maT DCFTA-is implementaciis mxardaWerisTvis saxelmwifo saagentoebis mier uzrun-
treningebi
publikaciebi
konsultaciebi
Sexvedrebi
media
pirdapiri komunikacia
sxva
socialuri media/kavSirebi
sso-ebi, romlebic ar
arian dainteresebulni,
14, 8%
dainteresebuli
sso-ebi, 152, 92%
■ 17
velyofili servisebis Sesaxeb informaciis nakleboba aqvT.
informirebulobis kuTxiT arsebuli xarvezi SesaZloa imiT aixsnas, rom DCFTA-isadmi
interesi bevrma iseTma CSO-m gamoxata, romlebic ar specializdebian ekonomikur sakiTxeb-
ze. ekonomikuri ganviTareba, rogorc maTi organizaciis muSaobis erT-erTi mimarTule-
ba, gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis 17%-ma daafiqsira, xolo soflis meurneoba _ 16%-ma. qveynis
masStabiT SerCeuli CSO-ebis mxolod 5%-ia amJamad CarTuli DCFTA-isa da sursaTis
uvneblobasTan dakavSirebul proeqtebSi, ufro cota _ 4% ki eqsportis mxardaWeris
Tematikaze muSaobs. aRsaniSnavia, rom gamokiTxuli CSO-ebis mxolod 9%-ma daasaxela
SME-ebi, rogorc maTi samizne jgufi. amgvarad, CSO-ebis umravlesobis mier DCFTA-is
sakiTxebze muSaobis gamoxatuli survilis gaTvaliswinebT, bevr maTgans mouwevs masze Ta-
vianTi profilebis morgeba da damatebiTi informaciis miReba da treningebis gavla imisaT-
vis, rom ufro warmatebulad SeZlon evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis mxardaWeris
sakiTxSi CarTva.
amasTanave, miRebuli Sedegebis regionuli ganawileba regionebs Soris arsebul sakma-
od mniSvnelovan uTanasworobaze miuTiTebs, SedarebisTvis: moqmedi CSO-ebis raode-
noba sakmaod dabalia zogierT regionSi, magaliTad guriaSi an raWa-leCxumsa da qvemo
svaneTSi (TiToeuli, mTliani raodenobis 4%-s Seadgens) maSin, roca aWaris a.r-isa da
samegrelo-zemo svaneTis CSO-ebi, erTad aRebuli, mTliani raodenobis TiTqmis naxevars
(47%) warmoadgens. amgvarad, gonivrulia, rom im regionebSi, sadac adgilobrivad ufro
meti organizacia moqmedebs, DCFTA-is implementaciis procesSi samoqalaqi sazogadoebis
ufro aqtiur CarTulobas velodoT.
18 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
2. saqarTvelos SME-ebis identificireba
2.1. saqarTvelos SME-ebis Sesaxeb zogadi informacia
qvemoT mocemuli diagrama saqarTvelos 61 municipalitetSi Catarebuli mms-ebis gamok-
iTxvis Sedegad miRebul informacias asaxavs. SerCeva TiToeul municipalitetSi saSualod
cxra SME-s moicavda da gamokiTxuli sawarmoebis raodenobac regionis zomas Seesabameba:
imereTi, Tormeti municipalitetiT, yvelaze didi regionia da, Sesabamisad, regionuli
SME-ebis udidesi nawili swored aq iqna identificirebuli (112 SME). guriaSi mxolod
sami, raWa-leCxumsa da qvemo svaneTSi ki mxolod oTxi municipalitetia, Sesabamisad, SME-
ebis SerCevis zomac SedarebiT patara iyo. meore mxriv, mcxeTa-mTianeTSi SME-ebi umete-
sad momsaxurebis sferoze, magaliTad turizmze, arian orientirebulni. momsaxurebis
sfero ki aRniSnuli gamokiTxvidan Tavidanve gamoiricxa. mcxeTa-mTianeTis TiToeul mu-
nicipalitetSi gamokiTxuli SME-ebis saSualo raodenoba 6.7 iyo (ix. diagrama #2.1)
diagrama #2.1. gamokiTxuli sawarmoebis ganawileba regionebis mixedviT
rogorc qvemoT mocemuli diagrama aCvenebs, identificirebul da gamokiTxul SME-ebs
Semdegi organizaciul-samarTlebriv formebi aqvT: individualuri mewarmeebi, kooper-
ativebi8, SezRuduli pasuxismgeblobis sazogadoeba (Sps), saaqcio sazogadoebebi (ss) da
partniorobebi9. adgilobriv SME-ebSi yvelaze gavrcelebuli iuridiuli forma koop-
afxazeTi
soxumi
zugdidi
quTaisi
gori
rusTavi
axalcixe Tbilisi
TelavimcxeTaozurgeTi
baTumi
ambrolauri
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
raWa-leCxumi da
qvemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
kaxeTi
guria
aWara
imereTiSida qarTli
qvemo qarTli
62
112
45
49
20
556260
64
30
8 kooperativi wevrTa SromiT saqmianobaze dafuZnebuli kompaniaa, romelic maTi biznesis ganviTarebisa da
wevrTa Semosavlis gazrdis mizniT aris Seqmnili. wyaro: „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, http://economist.ge/img-site/upload/legislation/936519836802.pdf.
sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativi, „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad, samarTlebrivi for-
miT dafuZnebuli kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli piria. igi axorcielebs sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobas da am
kanonis Sesabamisad miniWebuli aqvs sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativis statusi. wyaro: „sasoflo-sameurneo
kooperativis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/download/1972742/0/en/pdf. 9 termini „partnioroba“ (Partnership) aRniSnavs samewarmeo erTeuls, romelic ramdenime „individualuri
mewarmis“ samarTlebrivi dajgufebis mier aris dafuZnebuli. es organizaciul-samarTlebrivi forma
konkretulad saqarTvelos mTavrobis programis „awarmoe saqarTveloSi“ farglebSi arsebuli „mcire
sagranto proeqtis“ beneficiarebisTvis Seiqmna. sinamdvileSi, aseTi „partniorobis“ wevrebi mxolod „in-
dividualur mewarmeebad“ arian registrirebulni, radgan aseTi iuridiuli statusis gareSe pirovnebas
„partniorobis“ daarseba ar SuZlia. wyaro: „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni, http://economist.ge/img-site/upload/legislation/936519836802.pdf.
■ 19
erativia. igi gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 44%-s warmoadgens. kooperativi iuridiuli piris
kategoriad 2013 wels mas Semdeg Camoyalibda, rac „sasoflo-sameurneo kooperativis
Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoni iqna miRebuli. amis Sedegad, aseve, Seiqmna „sasoflo-sameur-
neo kooperativebis ganviTarebis saagento“ (ACDA), imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelos regioneb-
Si kooperativebis mxardaWeris programebis _ konsultaciebi, grantebi da sxva samizne
proeqtebi _ marTva gaexorcielebina. kooperativebs evrokavSiris mxardaWeris miRebis
uflebac eZlevaT, magaliTad ENPARD-is programis meSveobiT. rogorc gamokiTxvis Se-
degebi aCvenebs, SME-ebis mniSvnelovani nawili kooperativis models sakmarisad sasarge-
blod miiCnevs imisTvis, rom is maTi operaciebisTvis airCion. es ki kooperativebs re-
gionul SME-ebs Soris yvelaze popularul organizaciul-samarTlebriv formad aqcevs.
kooperativebis Semdeg yvelaze gavrcelebuli organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formebia:
Sps-ebi (gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 36%) da individualuri mewarmeoba (16%) (ix. diagrama
#2.2.).
diagrama #2.2. gamokiTxuli sawarmoebis organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formebi
mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmo saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT ganimarteba, rogorc kom-
pania, romelic 100-mde adamians asaqmebs da misi wliuri brunva 1,500,000 lars ar aRe-
mateba. qveynis masStabiT gamokiTxuli sawarmoebis 46%-s 6-dan 15-mde dasaqmebuli hyavs;
28% SME-ebis yvelaze patara kategorias mieuTvneba _ 5 adamianze naklebs asaqmebs; SME-
ebis 14%-s 30-ze meti, xolo 12%-s 16-dan 30-mde dasaqmebuli hyavs (ix. diagrama #2.3.).
proporciulad, regionebis umetesobaSi monacemebi erTnairad aris ganawilebuli: SME-
ebis yvelaze gavrcelebuli zoma TiTqmis yvela regionSi 6-dan 15-mde dasaqmebulis myoli
sawarmoa _ magaliTad, mcxeTa-mTianeTis regionSi gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 70% (14) am kat-
egorias ekuTvnis. gamonakliss raWa-leCxumi-qvemo svaneTi da samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
warmoadgenen _ SME-ebis umravlesoba aq SedarebiT pataraa, xuTi dasaqmebuliT, kompania
30-ze meti dasaqmebuliT ki saerTod ar gamovlenila. rac Seexeba aWaris a.r-s, aq Tana-
bari 34-34%-iT aris warmodgenili orive kategoria _ >5 da 6-15 dasaqmebuli. guriaSi ki
piriqiT, SerCevis kriteriumebis Sesabamisi kompaniebis umravlesobas 30-ze meti dasaqme-
buli hyavs, rac guriaSi gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 43%-s warmoadgens (ix. diagrama #2.4.).
20 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
diagrama #2.3. SME-ebis zoma dasaqmebulTa raodenobis mixedviT
diagrama #2.4. SME-ebis regionuli ganawileba dasaqmebulTa raodenobis mixedviT
saqarTvelos SME-ebis warmoebis sferoebi
qarTveli mewarmeebis produqciis Sedareba da analizi ufro martivi rom iyos, winamde-
bare angariSSi warmoebis sferoebis klasifikaciisTvis „kodirebis harmonizebuli siste-
ma“ (HS Code 2017) iqneba gamoyenebuli10. magaliTad, bostneulebi rogoricaa pomidori,
kitri da lobio (kartofilis gamoklebiT) cal-calke siis Seqmnis nacvlad erTi kodis
(08) qveS gaerTianda, anu aq 2-niSna sasaqonlo kodi iqna gamoyenebuli. meore magaliTia
samSeneblo da xis masalebis erTian, 2-niSna sasaqonlo kodebis (43 da 68) jgufis qveS
gaerTianeba. samSeneblo da xis masalebs Soris arsebuli mravalferovnebis gaTvalis-
winebiT, HS Code 2017 analizisTvis efeqturi sistemis Sesaqmnelad iqna gamoyenebuli.
diagrama #2.5.-ze mocemulia mowinave adgilze myofi produqtebis CamonaTvali, maTi
mwarmoebeli kompaniebis raodenobis mixedviT. Tafli yvelaze gavrcelebuli produq-
tia. gamokiTxuli 559 SME-dan mas 111 kompania awarmoebs. mas ki yveli/xaWo (66) da xili/
Cireuli (56) mosdevs. rac Seexeba xilis wvenebs (ZiriTadad vaSlis koncentrantebs), am
SemTxvevaSi misi mwarmoebeli xuTive kompania Sida qarTlis regionSi mdebareobs da ev-
rokavSiris erTian bazarze xuTive maTgani gadis eqsportze.
10 UN Comtrade _ saerTaSoriso vaWrobis oficialuri statistikisa da Sesabamisi analitikuri cxrilebis
bazaa. wyaro: UN Comtrade, https://comtrade.un.org/data/.
<5 >306-dan 15-mde 16-dan 30-mde
aWaris a.r.
guria
imereTi
kaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
Sida qarTli
■ 21
diagrama #2.5. gamokiTxuli SME-ebis warmoeba
Taflis nawarmi
qarTul produqtebs Soris Tafli evrokavSiris erTian bazarze Sesasvlelad erT-erT
yvelaze karg poziciazea. evrokavSirSi Taflze moTxovna yovelwliurad 6%-iT izrde-
ba. evrokavSiris erTian bazarze moxmarebuli Taflis 55%, daaxloebiT 150,000 tona,
sxva qveynebidan aris importirebuli.11 2017 wels saqarTvelo im qveynebis sias miemata,
saidanac Taflis importi evrokavSiris erTian bazarze nebadarTulia. DCFTA-i ki ev-
rokavSiris erTian bazarze saqarTvelos yovelwliurad 1,500 tona Taflis eqsportis
saSualebas aZlevs.
Tumca, am droisTvis, qarTuli Taflis eqsportis ZiriTadi daniSnulebis qveynebi axlo
aRmosavleTisa da aziis saxelmwifoebi arian, evrokavSiris wevri saxelmwifoebi ki mx-
olod maT Semdeg aris CamonaTvalSi. amis erT-erTi mizezi evrokavSirSi Taflis Semow-
mebasTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli mkacri moTxovnebia. TaflSi antibiotikebisa da pesti-
cidebis donis gansazRvra evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis ZiriTadi moTxovnaa.
yvelis produqcia
amJamad, evrokavSiris erTian bazarze qarTuli yvelis eqsporti martivi saqme ar aris,
radgan, ZiriTad SemTxvevebSi, qarTveli yvelis mwarmoeblebi evrokavSiris mier dadge-
nil moTxovnebs ver akmayofileben. meore mxriv, radgan Sida moTxovnac sakmaod maRalia,
rZis produqtebis mwarmoebeli kompaniebi TavianT produqcias, ZiriTadad, adgilobriv
bazarze yidian da aqcents yvelis tradiciuli, qarTuli saxeobebis (rogoricaa, imeruli
da sulguni) warmoebaze akeTeben.
xilis wvenebi (2009)
Sereuli sakvebi produqti (23)
rZe (0402)
marcvleuli (1001)
janjafili, zafrana, turmeriki (kurkuma)...
Cai (0902)
axali xili da kenkra (0810)
msxvilfexa rqosani saqoneli; cocxali (0102)
Txili (0801)
samSeneblo masalebi da xis nawarmi (43 da 68)
bostneuli (07)
kartofili; axali an gacivebuli (0701)
naturaluri yurZnis Rvino, maT Soris gamagrebuli Rvino (2204)
xili (08)
yveli da xaWo (0406)
Tafli; naturaluri (0409)
Roris xorci axali, gacivebuli an gayinuli (0203)
11 wyaro: „ganviTarebadi qveynebidan importis waxalisebis centri“, https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/hon-ey-sweeteners/trade-statistics/.
22 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
xili da kenkra
xilis da kenkris moyvana soflis meurneobis erT-erTi yvelaze tradiciuli formaa saqa-
rTveloSi, rac qveynis TiTqmis yvela nawilSia farTod gavrcelebuli. regionebis gansx-
vavebuli bunebrivi da klimaturi pirobebis gamo ki xilis nairsaxeoba mravalferovania.
SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am droisTvis kenkris seqtori ufro ganviTarebulia da evrokav-
Siris erTian bazarzec masze moTxovna sul ufro izrdeba. magaliTad, 2016 wels, evro-
kavSiris erTiani bazris wevrma qveynebma saerTo jamSi 1.3 miliard12 evroze meti Rire-
bulebis kenkris importi ganaxorciela. maT Soris, yvelaze didi importiorebi germania
da poloneTi arian. am mxriv, qarTveli eqsportiorebisTvis erTi potenciuri dabrkole-
ba eqsportis moTxovnebs ukavSirdeba: evrokavSiris erTian bazarze xilis da kenkris
saeqsportod fermerebs sul ufro xSirad sTxoven GLOBAL GAP-is sertifikats, romelic
saqarTveloSi amJamad arsebuli eqsportis mxardaWeris programebis mier ar finansdeba.
cxrili #2.2. ZiriTadi produqtebi regionebis mixedviT
gamokiTxvis dros SME-ebs warmoebis potencialis maTeul aRqmazec unda epasuxaT. gamok-
iTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT, SME-ebis 45%-s sjera, rom maT axlandelze orjer meti produq-
tis warmoeba SeuZliaT.
2.2. SME-ebis eqsportis potencialis Sefaseba
SME-ebis kiTxvaris meore nawilSi SME-ebis eqsportis potenciali Sefasda. SME-ebs
unda epasuxaT axorcielebdnen Tu ara TavianTi produqciis eqsports. dadebiTi pasuxis
SemTxvevaSi unda mieTiTebinaT Tu romel qveynebSi, xolo uaryofiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi
Semdegi saxis damatebiT kiTxvebze unda gaecaT pasuxi: ra iyo eqsportis ZiriTadi dam-
abrkolebeli faqtorebi; momavalSi Tu gegmavdnen eqsportze gasvlas; Tu akmayofilebd-
nen xarisxis standartebs; Tu flobdnen xarisxis sertifikatebs; an momavalSi Tu gegma-
vdnen aseTi sertifikatebis aRebas.
12 wyaro: Eurostat, xilis da bostneulis seqtori evrokavSirSi _ statistikuri mimoxilva, http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/The_fruit_and_vegetable_sector_in_the_EU_-_a_statistical_overview.
produqti 1 produqti 2 produqti 3regioni/saqmianobis areali
aWaris a.r.
guria
imereTi
kaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
Sida qarTli
xili
Txili
Txili
msxvilfexa saqoneli
kartofili
xorbali
xorci
Tafli
kartofili
xilis wvenebi
samSeneblo masalebi
Rvino
Rvino
Rvino
yveli
sunelebi/saneleblebi
Rvino
dafnis foToli
Tafli
bostneuli
Tafli
Cai
Tafli
yveli
Tafli
xili/Ciri
Tafli
Txili
yveli
xili
■ 23
gamokiTxvis pirveli etapze is SME-ebi ganisazRvra, romlebic TavianTi produqci-
is eqsports ukve axorcieleben. aRmoCnda, rom eqsportiori kompaniebis raodenoba (127;
saerTo raodenobis 23%) araeqsportior kompaniebTan SedarebiT sagrZnoblad dabali iyo
da rom es ukanasknelni mniSvnelovan umravlesobas warmoadgenen (426; saerTo raodenobis
77%) (ix. diagrama #2.6).
eqsportze gamsvleli kompaniebis yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli Semdeg sam regionSi dafiq-
sirda: guria (14 SME, 47%); imereTi (42 SME, 37.5%); da aWaris a.r. (22 SME, 33%). yvelaze
dabali ki _ samcxe-javaxeTSi (oTxi SME, 7%) (ix. diagrama #2.7.).
diagrama #2.8.-ze im qveynebis CamonaTvalia mocemuli, romlebSic gamokiTxuli SME-ebi
TavianTi produqciis eqsports axorcieleben. aseTi qveynebis pirvel sameulSi ruseTi,
TurqeTi da ukraina Sedian. rac Seexeba eqsports konkretulad evrokavSiris qveynebSi,
SME-ebis mier produqciis eqsportis yvelaze metad mosalodneli daniSnulebis qvey-
anebia: germania, italia da safrangeTi. saqarTvelos SME-ebis saeqsporto produqciis
wamyvan 10 daniSnulebis qveyanas Soris evrokavSiris mxolod sami qveyana: germania (me-5
adgilze), italia (me-7 adgilze) da safrangeTia (me-10 adgilze) warmodgenili.
diagrama #2.6. SME-ebi, romlebsac sakuTari
produqcia eqsportze gaaqvT
diagrama #2.7. eqsportiori SME-ebis
regionuli gadanawileba
eqsportiori araeqsportiori
aWaris a.r.
guria
kaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
Sida qarTli
imereTi
eqsportiori araeqsportiori
24 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
diagrama #2.8. qveynebi, romlebSic SME-ebi produqciis eqsports axorcieleben
gamokiTxvisas, SME-ebs aseve unda mieTiTebinaT _ TavianTi produqciis eqsports axor-
cielebdnen evrokavSiris wevr saxelmwifoebSi, evrokavSiris arawevr saxelmwifoebSi Tu
arcerT maTganSi. gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom SME-ebis 15% mxolod evrokavSiris
qveynebSi gadis eqsportze, xolo 27% _ rogorc evrokavSiris wevr, aseve mis arawevr saxel-
mwifoebSi. gamokiTxuli SME-ebis umravlesoba ki _ 58% _ TavianTi produqciis eqsports
mxolod evrokavSiris arawevr saxelmwifoebSi axorcielebs (ix. diagrama #2.9.)
gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aseve aCvenebs, rom evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportiori SME-
ebis ricxvi qveynis masStabiT kvlav dabalia. gamokiTxul regionebs Soris yvelaze maRa-
li maCvenebeli imereTs aqvs. am regionSi mdebare xuTi kompania eqsports mxolod ev-
rokavSiris erTian bazarze axorcielebs. imereTis Semdeg modis guria _ oTxi SME-iT.
ruseTis federacia
TurqeTi
ukraina
germania
somxeTi
azerbaijani
italia
irani
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi
safrangeTi
CexeTi
poloneTi
israeli
didi britaneTi
iaponia
yazaxeTi
Sveicaria
avstralia
kuveiti
yatari
dania
espaneTi
niderlandebi
belarusi
CineTi
litva
slovakeTi
latvia
moldova
monRoleTi
rumineTi
avstria
TurqmeneTi
uzbekeTi
libani
bahreini
ungreTi
belgia
saberZneTi
bulgareTi
samxreT korea
tunisi
xorvatia
tajikeTi
omani
iordania
kanada
yirgizeTis respublika
arabTa gaerTianebuli saamiroebi
erayi
■ 25
mxolod evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqportiori kompaniebis yvelaze didi wili (pro-
porciulad) ki mcxeTa-mTianeTSi fiqsirdeba (66.7%, samidan ori kompania). raWa-leCxumi
da qvemo svaneTi, Tavis mxriv, is erTaderTi regionia, saidanac mxolod evrokavSiris
erTian bazarze eqsports arcerTi SME axorcielebs.
im kompaniebis udidesi nawili, romlebic rogorc evrokavSiris, aseve mis arawevr saxel-
mwifoebSi gadis eqsportze samegrelo-zemo svaneTSi mdebareobs (11 kompania, am regionSi
gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 79%). Semdeg modis imereTi (9 kompania, 21%) da guria (8 kompania,
57% _ am regionSi mdebare kompaniebis umravlesoba). am tipis kompaniebi ar iqna identi-
ficirebuli samcxe-javaxeTSi _ aq moqmedi SME-ebi eqsports an evrokavSiris erTian ba-
zarze axorcieleben (mxolod erTi SME) an mxolod evrokavSiris arawevr saxelmwifoebSi
(sami SME).
mxolod evrokavSiris arawevri saxelmwifoebis bazarze eqsportiori kompaniebis raode-
nobiT liderobs imereTi (28 kompania). aseTi kompaniebis yvelaze didi wili (proporci-
ulad) aWaris a.r-Si (86,4%, 23-dan 19 eqsportiori kompania) fiqsirdeba, rac TurqeTTan
misi (geografiuli) siaxlovis gaTvaliswinebiT gasakviri ar aris. aRsaniSnavia, rom qar-
Tuli SME-ebis produqciis eqsportis mxriv, TurqeTi rigiT meore daniSnulebis qveyana.
TiToeul regionSi _ gamonaklisia guria, samegrelo-zemo svaneTi da mcxeTa-mTianeTi
_ mdebare kompaniebis 50%-ze meti mxolod evrokavSiris arawevr saxelmwifoebSi gadis
eqsportze. mcxeTa-mTianeTi ki is erTaderTi regionia, sadac mxolod evrokavSiris araw-
evr saxelmwifoebSi eqsportiori kompaniebi saerTod ar fiqsirdeba.
diagrama #2.9. SME-ebis produqciis eqsportis daniSnulebis qveynebi
diagrama #2.10. daniSnulebis qveynebi eqsportiori SME-ebis raodenobis mixedviT
rogorc evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi,
aseve sxva arawevr qveynebSi
evrokavSiris arawevr qveynebSi
evrokavSiris wevr qveynebSi
evrokavSiris wevr da arawevr
saxelmwifoebSi
evrokavSiris arawevr
saxelmwifoebSi
evrokavSiris wevr
saxelmwifoebSi
aWaris a.r.
guria
imereTi
kaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
Sida qarTli
26 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
gamokiTxuli SME-ebis wili, romelic eqsportze saerTod ar gadis, sakmaod maRalia
(77%). gamokiTxvis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, eqsportisTvis xelisSemSleli faqtorebis
identificireba mniSvnelovani iyo. evrokavSirSi eqsportis Semdegi xuTi dabrkoleba ga-
moiyo:
evrokavSiris qveynebSi partniorebis nakleboba;
evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis ganxorcielebisTvis saWiro procedurebis
Sesaxeb informaciis nakleboba;
warmoebis dabali moculoba da eqsportisTvis arasakmarisoba;
eqsportisTvis sakmarisi moculobis produqtis sawarmoeblad resursebis nakle-
boba;
evrokavSirSi eqsportisTvis saWiro xarisxis sertifikatis arqona.
gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT, imereTis, guriisa da samcxe-javaxeTis regionebSi
SME-ebisTvis eqsportis damabrkolebeli yvelaze mniSvnelovani faqtori evrokavSiris
qveynebSi partniorebis naklebobaa. gamokiTxulma SME-ebma kaxeTis regionSi yvelaze did
dabrkolebad warmoebisTvis saWiro resursebis arasakmarisi raodenoba daasaxeles. same-
grelo-zemo svaneTis regionSi ki ZiriTadi problema eqsportis procedurebis Sesaxeb
informaciis naklebobaa. danarCen xuT regionSi mTavar problemad resursebis nakleboba
iqna miCneuli (ix. diagrama #2.11).
diagrama #2.11. eqsportis damabrkolebeli faqtorebi SME-ebisTvis
diagrama #2.12. eqsportis damabrkolebeli faqtorebi SME-ebisTvis regionebis mixedviT
procedurebis Sesaxeb
informaciis arqona
xarisxis
sertifikatis arqona
partniorebis aryola
arasakmarisi warmadoba
arasakmarisi resursebi
aWaris a.r.
guria
imereTi
kaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
Sida qarTli
procedurebis Sesaxeb
informaciis arqona
xarisxis
sertifikatis arqona
partniorebis aryola
arasakmarisi warmadoba
arasakmarisi resursebi
■ 27
aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentebis naxevarze meti momavalSi sakuTari produqciis eqspor-
tze gatanas gegmavs evrokavSiris wevr an evrokavSiris arawevr saxelmwifoebSi (54%).
gamokiTxuli SME-ebis erT mesameds (33%), TavianT samomavlo saeqsporto gegmebze mkaf-
io xedva ar gaaCnia, xolo 13% samomavlod eqsports saerTod ar gegmavs. ZiriTad SemTx-
vevebSi, aRniSnuli imiT SeiZleba aixsnas, rom gamokiTxuli SME-ebis umravlesoba kooper-
ativebs warmoadgens da dafinansebis damatebiT wyaroebsa Tu sxvadasxva institutebidan
daxmarebis miRebas jer kidev elodeba (ENPARD-is programa, saxelmwifo programebi Tu
sxva donorebi). zogma kompaniam ki piriqiT, aRniSna, rom maT saWiroebebs adgilobrivi
bazari sruliad akmayofilebs.
guriaSi dafiqsirda im kompaniebis yvelaze didi wili (90%, proporciulad), romlebic
evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsports gegmavs. aRsaniSnavia, rom evrokavSirSi eqspor-
ti am regionis mxolod sami SME-sTvis ar warmoadgens samomavlo gegmas. im kompaniebis
yvelaze dabali wili ki, romlebic eqsportze gasvlas gegmaven, or regionSi _ qvemo qa-
rTlsa (32.7%) da mcxeTa-mTianeTSia (35%). am ukanasknelSi iseTi SME-ebis yvelaze didi
wilia, romlebsac jer ar gadauwyvetiaT momavalSi gegmaven Tu ara evrokavSiris erTian
bazarze eqsports (45%) (ix. diagrama #2.14.).
diagrama #2.13. SME-ebis raodenoba, romlebic evrokavSiris erTian bazarze TavianTi
produqciis eqsports gegmaven
diagrama #2.14. SME-ebis raodenoba regionebis mixedviT, romlebic evrokavSiris erTian
bazarze TavianTi produqciis eqsports gegmaven
diax ara ar vici
aWaris a.r.
guria
imereTi
kaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
Sida qarTli
diax ara ar vici
28 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
evrokavSiris erTian bazarze produqciis eqsportisTvis saqarTvelos SME-ebma sert-
ifikatebi unda aiRon. sertificireba Sesabamisobis Sefasebis (testireba da sertifi-
cireba) gavlas moiTxovs, raTa evrokavSiris maregulirebel moTxovnebTan Sesabamisoba
iqnas naCvenebi. gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 73% sertifikatebs saerTod ar flobs. sertifikatis
mqone SME-ebis (27%) umetesobas Semdegi sertifikatebi aqvT: „Sesabamisobis sertifikati“
_ 9%, „safrTxis analizisa da kritikuli sakontrolo wertilebis“ standarti (HACCP)13 _
8%; „standartizaciis saerTaSoriso organizacia _ ISO-s standartebi“14 _ 5%; organuli
produqtebis sertifikati _ 3%; sxva sertifikatebi _ 2% (maT Soris bio standartebi da
halalis sertifikatebi).
tendencia, rac cxrave regionsa da aWaris a.r.-Si gamoCnda is aris, rom kompaniebis um-
ravlesoba arcerTi saxis sertifikats da/Tu standarts ar flobs. aRsaniSnavia, rom
HACCP-is standartis mqone kompaniebis umravlesoba samcxe-javaxeTsa (13 kompania) da
qvemo qarTlSi (5) mdebareobs; ISO sertifikatis mqone SME-ebis udidesi nawili _ aWaris
a.r.-Si (10), imereTsa (6) da mcxeTa-mTianeTSi (2) moRvaweobs; „Sesabamisobis sertifika-
tis“ mqone kompaniebi ki yvelaze meti raWa-leCxumsa da qvemo svaneTSi (8), Sida qarTlSi
(8), samegrelo-zemo svaneTsa (3) da guriaSia (2) ganTavsebuli. gurias, qvemo qarTlsa da
mcxeTa-mTianeTs „organuli produqtebis sertifikatis“ mqone kompaniebi ar hyavs. rac
Seexeba „bio“ sertifikats, qvemo qarTlSi mxolod erTi, mcxeTa-mTianeTSi ki sami SME
flobs aseT sertifikats (ix. diagrama #2.15.).
diagrama #2.15. SME-ebis mier mopovebuli sertifikatebi da/an standartebi
gamokiTxvam aCvena, rom gamokiTxuli SME-ebis mniSvnelovani nawili _ 43% _ momavalSi
sertifikatebis aRebas gegmavs. im kompaniebis yvelaze didi wili, romlebic axlo moma-
valSi romelime sertifikatis da/an stantartis asaRebad ganacxadis gakeTebas gegmavs,
aWaris a.r-is regionSi dafiqsirda (62.7%). aWaris a.r.-is garda, kidev erTi regioni, sadac
kompaniebis absoluturi umravlesoba sertifikatis aRebas gegmavs raWa-leCxumi da qvemo
svaneTia (53.3%). mcxeTa-mTianeTs ki aseTi kompaniebis yvelaze dabali wili (20%) aqvs (ix.
diagrama #2.16.).
ramdenime respondentis Tanaxmad, iyo SemTxvevebi, rodesac evrokavSirelma partniorebma
ISO-s sertifikatic ki ar miiRes da amis nacvlad nimuSebic Tavad aiRes da produqtebic
13 HACCP marTvis sistemaa, sadac sursaTis uvneblobis uzrunvelyofa biologiuri, qimiuri da fizikuri
safrTxeebis analizisa da kontrolis meSveobiT xorcieldeba, nedleulidan, misi miRebidan da damuSave-
bidan dawyebuli, warmoebamde, distribuciisa da saboloo produqtis moxmarebamde. 14 „standartizaciis saerTaSoriso organizacia“ (ISO) _ produqtebze, servisebsa da sistemebze msoflio
donis standartebs gascems, imisaTvis, rom xarisxi, usafrTxoeba da efeqturoba iqnas uzrunvelyofili.
Sesabamisobis sertifikati
ara aqvs sertifikati
sxva sertifikati
organuli produqtebis sertifikati
HACCP-is standarti
ISO sertifikati
■ 29
TviTon Seamowmes. Semowmebebis Semdeg ki, aRniSnul qarTul kompaniebs evrokavSiris er-
Tian bazarze produqtis gasatanad mxolod „Sesabamisobis sertifikati“ sWirdebodaT.
diagrama #2.16. SME-ebis wili, romlebic setifikatis da/an standartebis mosapoveblad
ganacxadis Setanas gegmaven
2.3. DCFTA-is Sesaxeb SME-ebis informirebulobis donis Sefaseba
SME-ebis gamokiTxvis mesame nawili DCFTA-is Sesaxeb maTi informirebulobis dones af-
asebda. gamokiTxuli SME-ebis warmomadgenlebis 62%-s DCFTA-is Sesaxeb informacia hqon-
da, Tumca maT umravlesobas mis Sesafaseblad ufro detaluri informaciis mowodeba ar
SeeZlo. kompaniebis yvelaze didi wili (proporciulad), romlebmac ganacxades, rom maT
DCFTA-ze informacia hqondaT, samegrelo-zemo svaneTsa da samcxe-javaxeTis regionebSi
mdebareobs (72.1% TiToeulSi), Semdeg modioda raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi (66.7%),
xolo aseTi kompaniebis yvelaze dabali wili (proporciulad) qvemo qarTlSi dafiqsirda,
sadac gamokiTxuli kompaniebis mxolod 39% flobda informacias DCFTA-ze (ix. diagrama
#2.17.)
diagrama #2.17. DCFTA-is Sesaxeb informaciis mqone SME-ebis proporciuli ganawileba
gamokiTxvis dros, SME-ebis warmomadgenlebs DCFTA-ze azric unda daefiqsirebinaT. gamok-
iTxvis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, respondentebis umravlesobam is an dadebiTad Seafasa (65%) an
informaciis arqonis Tu arcodnis gamo Sefaseba ver SeZlo (35%). aRsaniSnavia, rom gamok-
iTxuli 559 kompaniidan SME-ebis mxolod erTma warmomadgenelma Seafasa DCFTA-i uary-
ofiTad. DCFTA-ze dadebiTi Sexedulebis mqone SME-ebis yvelaze didi wili (propor-
ciulad) samegrelo-zemo svaneTis regionSi (78.7%) da Semdeg ukve aWaris a.r.-Si (76.4%)
dafiqsirda. is regionebi, sadac gamokiTxuli SME-ebis warmomadgenlebis umravlesobas
saerTod ar SeeZlo DCFTA-is Sefaseba, qvemo qarTli (60.8%) da Sida qarTlia (55.1%) (ix.
diagrama #2.18).
diax ara
ar aqvs
informacia
aqvs
informacia
30 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
diagrama #2.18. SME-ebis warmomadgenlebis Sexeduleba DCFTA-ze
gamokiTxvis dros SME-ebis warmomadgenlebs DCFTA-ze informaciis miRebis ZiriTad wy-
aroebzec unda epasuxaT. aRmoCnda, rom gamokiTxuli kompaniebis umravlesobas evroka-
vSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb informacia ar hqonda. im SME-
ebis warmomadgenlebma, romlebic DCFTA-ze informacias flobdnen, ganacxades, rom am
informacias Semdegi oTxi wyarodan iReben: tradiciuli media (gazeTi, televizia, radio)
(20%); saxelmwifo institutebi (19%); socialuri media (18%); da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
organizaciebi (17%). informaciis miRebis kidev erT wyarod ojaxis wevrebi, megobrebi da
mezoblebi dasaxelda. es ukanaskneli, SME-ebis 11%-isTvis aris DCFTA-is Sesaxeb infor-
maciis miRebis mniSvnelovani saSualeba.
diagrama #2.19. DCFTA-is Sesaxeb informaciis miRebis wyaroebi
regionebi, sadac tradiciuli media kompaniebisTvis informaciis miRebis yvelaze mniS-
vnelovan wyaros warmoadgens aris imereTi (19 kompania) da aWaris a.r. (17). SME-ebisTvis
saxelmwifo institutebi informaciis ZiriTadi wyaroa raWa-leCxumsa da qvemo svaneTSi
(11 kompania), Sida qarTlSi (11), qvemo qarTlsa (6) da mcxeTa-mTianeTSi (2). aRsaniSnavia,
rom mcxeTa-mTianeTSi saxelmwifo institutebi da CSO-ebi lideroben. aRniSnul region-
Si informaciis miRebis mxolod es ori saSualeba gamoiyeneba. erTaderTi regioni, sad-
ac kompaniebis mniSvnelovani nawilisTvis socialuri mediaa informaciis miRebis wyaro,
samegrelo-zemo svaneTia (20).
miuxedavad imisa, rom tradiciuli media sxva regionebSi popularulia, guriaSi is arcer-
Ti kompaniisTvis warmoadgens informaciis wyaros. Sida qarTlSic msgavsi situaciaa so-
cialuri mediis mimarT. regionebi, sadac CSO-ebi kompaniebis mniSvnelovani nawilisTvis
warmoadgens informaciis miRebis ZiriTad saSualebas, samcxe-javaxeTi (14) da guriaa (8).
dabolos, ojaxi, megobrebi da mezoblebi informaciis mniSvnelovani wyaroa kaxeTSi moR-
vawe kompaniebisTis (17) (ix. diagrama #2.20.).
dadebiTi uaryofiTi ver Sevafaseb
tradiciuli media
socialuri media
saxelmwifo institutebi
pasuxi ar gasca
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
organizaciebi
ojaxi, megobrebi an
mezoblebi
■ 31
diagrama #2.20. DCFTA-ze informaciis miRebis wyaroebi regionebis mixedviT
DCFTA-isTan dakavSirebuli kiTxvebis garda, kiTxvarSi respondentebs aseve unda epa-
suxaT, eqsportis SesaZleblobebze Tu iyvnen informirebulni. araeqsportiori SME-ebis
umravlesobam ganacxada, rom isini mzad ar arian eqsportisTvis da evrokavSiris erTian
bazarze eqsportis SesaZleblobebzec ar aqvT saTanado informacia. gamokiTxuli SME-
ebis mxolod 43%-ma icoda sad da rogor SeeZloT TavianTi produqciis eqsportze gatana
(ix. diagrama #2.21).
diagrama #2.21. im SME-ebis proporciuli ganawileba, romlebic evrokavSiris erTian
bazarze eqsportis SesaZleblobebze informacias floben
eqsportis SesaZleblobebze informaciis miRebis ZiriTadi wyaroebia _ saxelmwifo insti-
tutebi (maT Soris, Sesabamisi saministroebi, saagentoebi da sakonsultacio centrebi) da
tradiciuli media (gazeTi, televizia da radio). aRsaniSnavia, rom gamokiTxuli SME-ebis
50%-ma aseTi wyaroebis identificireba ver SeZlo; 15% Sesabamis informacias saxelmwifo
institutebidan da tradiciuli mediidan iRebs; 10% _ socialuri mediidan, 8% _ CSO-
ebidan, 2% ki ojaxisgan, megobrebisa an mezoblebisgan (ix. diagrama #2.22.).
tradiciuli media
socialuri media
saxelmwifo institutebi
ar vflob informacias
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
organizaciebi
ojaxi, megobrebi an
mezoblebi
aWaris a.r.
guria
imereTi
kaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
Sida qarTli
flobs informacias ar flobs informacias
32 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
diagrama #2.22. eqsportis SesaZleblobebze informaciis miRebis wyaroebi
gamokiTxvisas SME-ebis warmomadgenlebs aseve unda epasuxaT, Tu ra iyo evrokavSiris
erTian bazarze eqsportisTvis maTi ZiriTadi stimuli. qarTuli SME-ebisTvis produqci-
is eqsportis ZiriTadi motivacia gayidvebis zrdas ukavSirdeba _ gamokiTxuli sawarmoebis
TiTqmis naxevarma (46%) miuTiTa masze, rogorc stimulis momcem faqtorze; erT mesamdeze
metma (35%) evrokavSiris bazarze arsebuli maRali fasebi daasaxela; 11%-ma _ eqsportis
diversifikaciis SesaZlebloba; 7%-ma _ sxva faqtorebi, rogoricaa gamocdilebis miRebis
SesaZlebloba da teqnologiebis transferi; xolo 1%-ma evrokavSiris erTian bazarze
importis stimulebis dasaxeleba ver SeZlo.
ori faqtoris kombinacia _ maRali fasebi da gayidvebis zrda, kompaniebis 80%-ze metis
mier iqna dasaxelebuli, TiTqmis yvela regionSi (mcxeTa-mTianeTisa da samegrelo-zemo
svaneTis regionebSi am orma faqtorma erTad 90%-s gadaaWarba). gamonakliss warmoadgens
Sida qarTli (66.7%) da aWaris a.r. (55.4%), sadac aRniSnuli ori faqtoris kombinacia
SME-ebis SedarebiT mcire nawilis (proporciulad) mier dasaxelda. bazris diversifik-
acia ki motivaciis mimcem faqtorad ganisazRvra kompaniebis SedarebiT mcire nawilis
mier, yvela regionSi. is kompaniebi, romlebmac vercerTi stimulis dasaxeleba SeZles
mxolod Sida qarTlsa (ori kompani) da aWaris a.r.-Si (oTxi kompania) mdebareobs (ix. di-
agrama #2.23.)
diagrama #2.23. SME-ebis stimulebi, evrokavSiris erTian bazarze produqciis
eqsportisTvis
saerTo jamSi, gamokiTxuli SME-ebis umravlesoba (64%) SME-ebisadmi mxardaWeris saxel-
mwifo programebis Sesaxeb informirebulia. agreTve, SME-ebis 39%-ma ganacxada, rom isini
erT an met aseT programaSi ukve monawileoben. maT Soris, yvelaze xSirad naxsenebi pro-
saxelmwifo
institutebi
sso-ebitradiciuli
media (gazeTebi,
televizia,
radio
ojaxi,
megobrebi an
mezoblebi
socialuri
media (facebook
da msgavsi
internet
portalebi)
ver SeZlo
pasuxis gacema
gayidvebis zrda
maRali fasebi
sxva
stimulebis ararseboba/saqarTvelos
bazari damakmayofilebelia
bazrebis diversifikacia
■ 33
gramebi iyo: ENPARD-is sagranto programa (29%), „awarmoe saqarTveloSi“ da sxva saxelm-
wifo programebi (35%), da donori organizaciebis grantebi, maT Soris, Mercy Corps, CARE, USAID, FAO, PIN da ACF (ix. diagramebi #2.24, 2.25, da 2.26.)
diagrama #2.26. SME-ebis mxardaWeris programebSi monawile SME-ebis raodenoba
regionebis mixedviT
SME-ebis mxardaWeris programebis Sesaxeb informirebuli kompaniebis yvelaze maRa-
li wili (proporciulad) Semdeg sam regionSia: samegrelo-zemo svaneTi (95.1%), mcxe-
Ta-mTianeTi (95%) da aWaris a.r. (93.8%). informirebulobis done yvelaze dabalia guri-
aSi, sadac SME-ebis mxardaWeris programebze informirebuli kompaniebis wili mxolod
3.3%-ia.
regionebi, sadac kompaniebis absolutur umravlesobas aqvs monawileoba miRebuli SME-
ebis mxardaWeris programebSi, samegrelo-zemo svaneTi (88.5%) da aWaris a.r.-ia (55.6%).
xolo imereTi (5.4%) da guria (3.3%) is regionebia, sadac SME-ebis mxardaWeris programa-
Si monawile kompaniebis wili yvelaze dabalia (ix. diagrama #2.27).
informirebulia ar aris informirebuli miuRia monawileoba ar miuRia monawileoba
diagrama #2.24. mxardaWeris programebis
Sesaxeb SME-ebis informirebuloba
diagrama #2.25. SME-ebis mxardaWeris
programebSi monawile SME-ebis raodenoba
diax ara
aWaris a.r.
guria
imereTi
kaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
Sida qarTli
34 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
diagrama #2.27. programebi, romelSic SME-ebs miuRiaT monawileoba
mxardaWeris arsebuli programebi da moqmedi donorebi regionebis mixedviT gansxvave-
bulia. mxardaWeris saxelmwifo programebi kompaniebis mniSvnelovani nawilisTvis iyo
donori aWaris a.r.-Si (26 kompania), samegrelo-zemo-svaneTSi (19), raWa-leCxumsa da qve-
mo svaneTSi (11), kaxeTSi (8), qvemo qarTlsa (7) da Sida qarTlSi (5). qvemo qarTlis re-
gionSi ENPARD-is da saxelmwifo programebis mier mxardaWerili kompaniebis raodenoba
erTi da igivea (7). aseve, ENPARD iyo donori kompaniebis mniSvnelovani raodenobisTvis
kaxeTSi (13), samcxe-javaxeTSi (8), mcxeTa-mTianeTsa (4) da imereTSi (2). guriaSi mxolod
erTma kompaniam isargebla donoris mxardaWeris programiT, am SemTxvevaSi USAID-is far-
glebSi. samcxe-javaxeTSi ki, kompaniebis yvelaze didi raodenobisTvis (10) donori Mercy Corps iyo. aRsaniSnavia, rom samegrelo-zemo svaneTSi saxelmwifo programebis garda,
mniSvnelovani raodenobis kompaniebs (7) gauwia donoroba CARE-ma.
cxrili #2.3. SME-ebis mxardaWera donorebis mier, regionebis mixedviT
saxel
mwifo
pro
gram
a
mxardaWerissaxelmwifo programebi
ENPARD15 Mercy Corps16 CARE17 USAID18 sxvaregioni/saqmianobis areali
aWaris a.r.
guria
imereTi
kaxeTi
qvemo qarTli
mcxeTa-mTianeTi
raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi
samegrelo-zemo svaneTi
samcxe-javaxeTi
Sida qarTli
sul
1
13
2
3
8
4
2
33
1
7
8
1
1
3
5
4
10
1
15
4
2
13
7
4
3
1
8
2
44
26
8
7
11
19
1
5
77
15 wyaro: „soflisa da soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis evropis samezoblo programa“ _ http://enpard.ge/ge/. 16 wyaro: Mercy Corps saqarTvelo - http://www.mercycorps.ge/. 17 wyaro: CARE - http://www.care-caucasus.org.ge/. 18 wyaro: „amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento“ (USAID) - https://www.usaid.gov/georgia.
■ 35
ZiriTadi mignebebi
SME-ebis kiTxvaris meSveobiT TiToeul regionSi saSualod cxra SME iqna Seswavlili.
Seiqmna maTi profilebi da identificirda eqsportis amJamindeli formebi da maTi mzao-
ba _ sakuTari produqcia evropis erTian bazarze gaitanon eqsportze. aseve, SME-ebis
gamokiTxviT, am procesSi saqarTvelos SME-ebis winaSe mdgari gamowvevebic ganisazRvra..
SME-ebis umravlesoba mcire sawarmoebis ganmartebaSi jdeba, romelic dasaqmebulTa
raodenobis mixedviT ganisazRvreba. SME-ebis 74%-Si 15-mde dasaqmebulia. rac Seexe-
ba am sawarmoebis organizaciul-samarTlebriv formas, aRsaniSnavia, rom kooperativi,
saqarTvelos mTavrobisa da evrokavSiris mier ukanaskneli oTxi wlis ganmavlobaSi aq-
tiurad iyo mxardaWerili. Sesabamisad, aRniSnulma mxardaWeram saqarTvelos SME-ebis
landSaftzec moaxdina gavlena da kooperativebi gamokiTxuli SME-ebis udides nawils
warmoadgens (44%). maT mier warmoebuli zogierTi produqti, rogoricaa Tafli, aramx-
olod saqarTveloSia yvelaze popularul produqtebs Soris, aramed, evrokavSiris mier
aqvT mopovebuli aRiareba, rac am produqtis evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis
SesaZleblobas iZleva.
saqarTvelos SME-ebis mier warmoebul sxva produqtebs evrokavSiris erTian bazarze
Sesvlis gansxvavebuli Sansebi aqvT: maSin, roca zogierTi produqti, rogoricaa Rvi-
no, Tafli, xili da kenkra, evrokavSiris erTian bazarze ukve iyideba, sxva produqtebs,
magaliTad yvels da xaWos, iq mosaxvedrad warmoebis evrokavSiris mier dadgenil moTx-
ovnebTan da standartebTan SesabamisobaSi mosvla jer kidev esaWiroebaT.
saqarTvelos regionebSi moqmedi SME-ebi evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportis po-
tencialis mniSvnelobis gaazrebas ukve iwyeben. gamokiTxvis mixedviT, amJamad SME-ebis
mxolod 23% gadis eqsportze, maTi 42% ki produqts srulad an nawilobriv evrokavSiris
erTiani bazris wevr qveynebSi yidis, Tumca saqarTveloSi aseTi kompaniebis ricxvi jer
isev arc Tu ise didia. aRsaniSnavia, rom am mxriv liderobs imereTis regioni, sadac,
eqskluziurad, evrokavSiris bazarze eqsports xuTi kompania axorcielebs; xolo im SME-
ebis umravlesoba, romlebic rogorc evrokavSirSi, aseve evrokavSiris arawevr qveynebSi
axorcieleben eqsports, samegrelo-zemo svaneTis regionSi mdebareobs (11 SME). SME-
ebis mier dasaxelda is dabrkolebebic, romlebic, maTi azriT, qarTuli produqciis ev-
rokavSirSi gayidvas uSlis xels. es dabrkolebebia: evrokavSirSi partniorebis simcire;
evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportisTvis saWiro procedurebis Sesaxeb informaciis
nakleboba; warmoebis arasakmarisi moculoba; eqsportisTvis saWiro moculobis warmoe-
bisTvis saWiro resursebis nakleboba; evrokavSirSi eqsportisTvis saWiro xarisxis sert-
ifikatebis arqona.
eqsportis SesaZleblobebsa da, kerZod, DCFTA-ze informirebulobis dabali done, ro-
gorc Cans, saqarTvelos SME-ebis winaSe mdgari problematuri da mniSvnelovani sakiTx-
ia. gamokiTxvis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom SME-ebis 57% eqsportis SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb
sakmaris informacias ar flobs, maT 38%-s ki DCFTA-s Sesaxeb informaciis nakleboba
aqvs. Tumca mniSvnelovania imis xazgasmac, rom gamokiTxulTagan yvela SME-m, romelic
DCFTA-ze informacias flobda, is dadebiTad Seafasa. es gamokiTxuli SME-ebis 65%-ia.
gamokiTxuli 559 kompaniidan, mxolod erTma SME-m (misma warmomadgenelma) Seafasa nega-
tiurad DCFTA _ respondentma aRniSna, rom mas DCFTA-s Sesaxeb informacia ar hqonda;
danarCenebma ki informaciis arqonis an arcodnis gamo ver SeZles DCFTA-s Sefaseba.
dadebiTad fasdeba is SesaZleblobebic, romlebsac SME-ebi evrokavSiris erTian bazarze
eqsportis Sedegad xedaven. gayidvebis zrda, evrokavSiris erTian bazarze arsebuli ufro
maRali fasebi, gamocdilebis miRebisa da axali teqnologiebis saqarTveloSi Semotanis
36 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
SesaZlebloba _ gamokiTxvisas SME-ebis mxridan, maTTvis stimulis mimcem faqtorebad
yvelaze xSirad dasaxelda.
gamokiTxuli SME-ebis SWOT analizi
kiTxvaris, samagido kvlevisa da interviuebis Catarebis Sedegebi qvemoT SWOT analizis
meSveobiT aris Sejamebuli, sadac saqarTvelos SME-ebis DCFTA-Si monawileoba da evro-
kavSiris erTian bazarze eqsportze gavlenis momxdeni faqtorebi Sefasda. qvemoT moce-
mul cxrilSi xazgasmulia gamokiTxuli SME-ebis ZiriTadi Zlieri da susti mxareebi da,
aseve, ZiriTadi SesaZleblobebi da safrTxeebi momavlisTvis (ix. cxrili #2.3).
cxrili #2.3.
Zlieri mxareebi
SedarebiT dabali sagadasaxado val-
debuleba da SeRavaTiani sagadasaxado
sistema mikro da patara biznesebisT-
vis;
saqarTvelos, evrokavSirisa da sxva
saerTaSoriso donorebis mier dafi-
nansebuli SME-ebis mxardaWeris pro-
gramebi;
liberaluri savaWro reJimebi — DCFTA, FTAs da GSP+;
evrokavSiris erTian bazarze arsebuli
maRali moTxovna zogierT niSa produq-
tze, eqsportis ganviTarebis SesaZlo
perspeqtiviT (rogoricaa Cireuli, Ta-
fli, xilis koncentratebi, bio xili da
kenkra).
SesaZleblobebi
efeqturi sainformacio da sakon-
sultacio servisebi regionebSi, gan-
susti mxareebi
samewarmeo unarebisa da gamocdilebis
nakleboba;
finansebze/grZelvadian sainvesticio
resursebze SezRuduli wvdoma;
inovaciisa da „kvlevis da ganviTare-
bis“ dabali done (magaliTad, warmoebis
procesSi axali teqnologiebis gamoy-
eneba);
evrokavSiris erTiani bazris moTx-
ovnebis Sesaxeb arasakmarisi infor-
maciis floba;
DCFTA-ze informaciis nakleboba;
susti da ganuviTarebeli sainforma-
cio da sakonsultacio servisebi;
produqtebis eqsportirebis mimarT ar-
sebuli dabali interesi, gansakuTre-
biT mikro da mcire biznesebSi;
mcire biznesebis umravlesobas warma-
dobis dabali maCvenebeli aqvs (gansak-
urebiT soflis meurneobis sferoSi);
qveynis Sida doneze SME-ebs Soris Ta-
namSromlobis ararseboba, maT Soris,
produqtis eqsportirebis Taobaze;
soflis meurneobasa da mis produqteb-
ze zedmeti damokidebuleba;
aqcentis gakeTeba iseT produqtebze,
romlebsac dabali damatebiTi Rire-
buleba aqvs; aseve, im kompaniebis sim-
cire, romlebic produqtebs ufro
maRali sizustiT awarmoeben.
safrTxeebi
politikuri arastabiluroba da
DCFTA-is implementaciisTvis politi-
■ 37
sakuTrebiT DCFTA-is implementaciis
Tematikaze;
DCFTA-is sakiTxebSi mTavrobisa da
saxelmwifo institutebis ufro Zlieri
CarTuloba;
sajaro moxeleebSi DCFTA-s sakiTxebze
informirebulobis donis zrda;
evrokavSiris mier SemuSavebuli pro-
gramebis meSveobiT finansebze gazrdi-
li wvdoma;
dafinansebis wyaroebis diversifikacia
(evrokavSiri, USAID, UNDP, SDC, ADC, FAO da sxva programebi);
im SME-ebis ricxvis zrda, romlebic
warmoebisa da procesirebis saerTaSo-
riso standartebs akmayofileben;
ekonomikaze orientirebuli CSO-ebis
gaZliereba da maTTvis adgilobrivi
mwarmoeblebisTvis daxmarebis gawevis
SesaZleblobis micema;
adgilobriv da centralur mTavrobebs,
SME-ebsa da CSO-ebs Soris kavSirebis
gaZliereba;
SME-ebisTvis motivaciis micema sxva
qveyanebSi moqmedi im kompaniebis
warmatebis Sesaxeb informaciis mice-
miT, romlebic evrokavSiris erTian ba-
zarze ukve Sevidnen;
gamocdilebis gaziareba DCFTA-is xel-
momwer sxva saxelmwifoebTan _ moldo-
vasa da ukrainasTan;
saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis ga-
Zliereba, gansakuTrebiT evrokavSiris
sawarmoebTan (sawarmoebis internacio-
nalizaciis CaTvliT);
SME-ebis gaZlierebis mxardaWera imis-
aTvis, rom maT evrokavSiris erTian ba-
zarze konkurenciis gaweva SeZlon.
kuri survilis nakleboba;
SesaZlo gare ekonomikuri faqtorebi
(maT Soris, saerTaSoriso bazrebidan
momdinare finansuri krizisi da Soke-
bi);
mesame qveynebze zedmeti ekonomiku-
ri damokidebuleba (ruseTi, TurqeTi,
CineTi).
saqarTveloSi SME-ebis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani Zlieri mxareebi evrokavSirTan inte-
graciidan modis. liberaluri sagareo savaWro reJimebi evrokavSirTan da sxva qveynebTan/
qveyanaTa jgufebTan (DCFTA, FTAs, GSP+) saqarTvelos SME-ebs SeRavaTiani vaWrobis sa-
Sualebas aZlevs. evropis samezoblo politikis farglebSi, gansakuTrebiT asocirebis
SeTanxmebis saSualebiT, SME-ebis mxardaWeris meqanizmebi Seiqmna da gafardovda iseTi
saagentoebis meSveobiT, rogorebicaa: „awarmoe saqarTveloSi“, „konkurenciis saagento“,
„akreditaciis centri“ da „inovaciebis da teqnologiebis saagento“.19 amavdroulad, SME-
ebis mxardaWerisa da DCFTA-is implementaciis programebi saerTaSoriso da adgilobrivi
donorebis mier finansdeba, rac adgilobriv SME-ebs axal SesaZleblobebs sTavazobs.
rogorc gamokiTxvam aCvena, zogierTma SME-m am programebiT sargebloba da evrokavSiris
19 wyaro: Tavisufali vaWroba evrokavSirTan _ www.dcfta.gov.ge.
38 ■ www.GeorgiaDCFTA.ge
erTian bazarze eqsporti ukve daiwyo. SME-ebis ganviTarebisTvis sakmaod xelsayrelia
Sida regulaciac, gamartivebuli administraciuli procedurebiT, mikro da mcire bi-
znesebisTvis SedarebiT dabali gadasaxadebiTa da SeRavaTiani sagadasaxado sistemiT.
aseve, gamokiTxvis dros gamoikveTa evrokavSiris erTian bazarze maRali moTxovnis mqone
zogierTi niSuri produqtic, romelTa ganviTareba eqsportisTvis SesaZlebelia (Cireu-
li, Tafli, wvenebis koncentrantebi, bio xili da kenkra). aseTi mimarTulebebi unda gan-
viTardes, raTa evrokavSiris erTian bazarze SeRweva moxdes da SedarebiTi upiratesoba
Seiqmnas.
susti mxareebi: SME-ebis mxardaWeris programebis da meqanizmebis arsebobis miuxedavad,
organizaciebis evropis bazarze efeqturi SeRwevadobis unari mcirea. SME-ebis winaSe
mdgari ZiriTadi problema samewarmeo unarebisa da gamocdilebis da, aseve, eqportisadmi
interesis naklebobaa. es yovelive gansakuTrebiT mcire da mikro biznesebs exeba. gamok-
iTxvam aseve aCvena, rom SME-ebi DCFTA-is Sedegad miRebul SesaZleblobebze, iseve ro-
gorc gamowvevebze, sakmaris informacias ar floben. adgilobriv SME-ebs warmoebis pro-
cesSi axali teqnologiebis gamoyenebis unaric akliaT da finansebzec SezRuduli wvdoma
aqvT, rac maT produqtiulobas auaresebs, es ki evrokavSiris bazarze eqsportis Sesa-
Zleblobebze uaryofiTad moqmedebs. aseve, erT-erTi ZiriTadi problema iqidan momdin-
areobs, rom mcire biznesebis umravlesobas warmoebis dabali SesaZleblobebi aqvs (gansa-
kuTrebiT soflis meurneobis sferoSi) da TanamSromlobisTvis saWiro, Camoyalibebuli
meqanizmebi ar gaaCnia. gamokiTxvis Sedegad DCFTA-is sferoSi SME-ebisTvis cnobierebis
asamaRleblad damatebiTi sainformacio kampaniebis Catarebis saWiroeba gamoikveTa.
SesaZleblobebi: DCFTA-is implementaciam saqarTvelos mTavrobis, evrokavSirisa da
saerTaSoriso donori sazogadoebebis mzardi yuradReba miipyro. es yovelive qarTve-
li mwarmoeblebisTvis eqsportis potencialis gaZlierebiskenaa mimarTuli, raTa isini
evrokavSiris erTian bazarze Sesasvlelad da konkurenciis gasawevad iyvnen mzad. 2017
wlis noembris aRmosavleT partniorobis samitze „oci Sedegi 2020 wlisTvis“ dokumen-
tis damtkicebam ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da SME-ebis sabazro SesaZleblobebis pri-
oritetulobas Semdegi xuTi mimarTulebiT gausva xazi:
sainvesticio da biznes garemos gaumjobeseba da SME-ebisTvis mzardi potencia-
lis micema;
finansebsa da safinanso infrastruqturaze wvdomaze arsebuli xarvezebis aR-
mofxvra;
adgilobriv da regionul doneze axali samuSao SesaZleblobebis Seqmna;
cifruli bazris harmonizacia;
partnior qveynebsa da evrokavSirs Soris regionTaSorisi vaWrobis mxardaWera.20
aRniSnuli „Sedegebi“ ramdenime iseT gamowvevas Seexeba, romelic gamokiTxvis dros re-
spondentebis mierac gaJRerda. saqarTvelos SME-ebs unarianobisa da SesaZleblobebis
gaZlierebisTvis dafinansebis wyaroebis diversificireba da sxvadasxva donorebis mier
(evrokavSiri, USAID, UNDP, SDC, ADC da FAO) mxardaWeril programebze wvdomis mopoveba
20 wyaro: evrokomisia, „aRmosavleT partnioroba _ 20 Sedegi 2020 wlisTvis. ZiriTadi prioritetebi da Sede-
gebi.“ erToblivi samuSao dokumenti, briuseli, 9.6.2017, https://eeas.europa.eu/sites/eeas/files/swd_2017_300_f1_joint_staff_working_paper_en_v5_p1_940530.pdf.
■ 39
sWirdeba. aseve, mms-ebs DCFTA-ze ufro meti informacia unda miewodos da axladSeqmni-
li sakonsultacio servisebi regionebis masStabiTac unda gafarTovdes. es yovelive ki,
Tavis mxriv, DCFTA-is mxardaWerisa da implementaciis saqmeSi rogorc saxelmwifo insti-
tutebis, aseve adgilobrivi samoqalaqo organizaciebis ufro safuZvlian CarTulobas
moiTxovs. gamokiTxvis Sedegebis mixedviT, CSO-ebi saqarTvelos regionebSi informaciis
miwodebisa da gavrcelebis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgenen. swored amitom, ekonomi-
kaze orientirebuli CSO-ebis gaZliereba, maTi mxridan, adgilobrivi mwarmoeblebisT-
vis ufro efeqturi daxmarebis gawevis sawindari iqneboda. dabolos, saerTaSoriso da
adgilobrivi TanamSromloba axal SesaZleblobebs Seqmnida, gansakuTrebiT, Tuki es Ta-
namSromloba iseT sakiTxebs Seexeboda, rogoricaa: evrokavSiris sawarmoebTan kavSirebis
gaZliereba, DCFTA-is sxva xelmomwer saxelmwifoebTan _ moldova da ukraina _ gamoc-
dilebis gaziareba da im qveynebis warmatebidan da gakveTilebidan informaciis aReba,
romlebic evrokavSiris erTian bazarze ukve Sesulebi arian.
safrTxeebi: saqarTvelos mTavrobaSi arsebuli mzaobisa da politikuri survilis gar-
da, rom asocirebis SeTanxmebiTa da DCFTA-iT aRebuli valdebulebebis implementacia
moaxdinos, politikuri mxardaWera da procesis gangrZobiToba misi warmatebisTvis
umniSvnelovanesia. imisaTvis, rom evrokavSiris erTian bazarze eqsporti gamartivdes
da SesaZlo sagareo dabrkolebebi (mag: finansuri krizisi da saerTaSoriso bazrebidan
momdinare Sokebi) daiZlios, saqarTvelos rogorc axlandel, aseve momaval mTavrobebs,
SME-ebisaTvis saxelmwifo servisebis gaZlierebis valdebuleba eqnebaT. ekonomikuri
damokidebuleba mesame qveynebze, magaliTad ruseTsa da TurqeTze, qarTveli SME-ebis
evrokavSirSi eqsportis interessa da SesaZleblobebze axdens gavlenas. rogorc angariSi
aCvenebs, es ukanaskneli, SME-ebis mier maTTvis ukve kargad nacnobi am ori bazrisTvis
upiratesobis miniWebaSi gamoixateba, maSin, roca isini DCFTA-is implementaciis SesaZlo
sargebelze saTanadod informirebulni ar arian.
proeqtis partniorebi
„aRmosavleT evropis kvlevebis centri“ (EESC)
vilniusi, litva, www.eesc.lt
saqarTvelos „biznes sakonsultacio organizaciebis asociacia“ (ABCO saqarTvelo)
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo, www.abco.ge
„saqarTvelos politikis instituti“ (GIP)
Tbilisi, saqarTvelo, www.gip.ge
GLOBSECbratislava,slovakeTi, www.globsec.org
axalgazrda mecnierTa kavSiri „inteleqti“
baTumi, aWaris avtonomiuri respublika, saqarTvelo, www.intellect.org.ge
„aTinaTi“zugdidi, samegrelos regioni, saqarTvelo, www.atinati.org
„kavkasiis genetika“
siRnaRi, kaxeTis regioni, saqarTvelo