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Chapter 12 ResourcesState Government
Vocabulary Activity 12State Government 3
Chapter Skills Activity 12Using Library Resources 5
Cooperative Learning Activity 12Our State Executive Branch 7
Economics Activity 12Sales Taxes 9
Reteaching Activity 12State Government 11
Enrichment Activity 12State Governments: For the Common Good 13
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Name Date Class
DIRECTIONS: Complete the crossword puzzle by spelling out the terms called for
in the clues below.
State Government
Vocabulary Activity 12
ACROSS
4 type of veto available only to certain
governors that allows them to reject
parts of a bill
8 to divide voting districts based on
population
10 name for a person being sued in a
lawsuit
11 power of the governor to reduce a
criminal’s sentence
12 governmental powers that may be
exercised only by the states
DOWN
1 legislative system that consists of only
one house of lawmakers
2 name for a person filing a lawsuit
3 monetary awards from the federal gov-
ernment to state governments to help
pay for programs
5 system in which the central government
and the state governments share power
6 court in larger towns handling minor
traffic violations or civil cases involving
less than $1,000
7 governmental powers shared by federal
and state governments
9 power of the governor to allow for early
release of a prisoner with certain
restrictions
1
2
4
5 6 7
3
8
9
10
11
12
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LEARNING THE SKILLUnderstanding how to use the wealth of print and multimedia
resources in your library is critical to your success as a researcher.
Newspapers, magazines, almanacs, abstracts, atlases, encyclopedias,
the card catalog, the Internet, and your librarian are all important
resources. Specific resources you might consult include:
• The Reader’s Guide to Periodical Literature—for magazine articles
• The Statistical Abstract of the United States and Historical Abstract of
the United States—for political and economic data
• Atlases—for geographical information
PRACTICING THE SKILL
DIRECTIONS: Use the table below to list library resources you might use
to find information on the following topics. For each topic, also list one
specific source related to your topic.
APPLYING THE SKILL
DIRECTIONS: Identify a current issue facing your state legislature that
interests you. Use the resources in your library to find at least three
sources related to your topic. List the sources you find for your
teacher, and summarize in a brief paragraph the type(s) of information
contained in each source.
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Chapter Skills Activity 12
Using Library Resources
Topic Library Resource Source Title
Population of your state
Current issues being debated in your state legislature
A book about an important historical figure in your state
Names of the major rivers in your state
History of your state
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Our State Executive Branch
BACKGROUND
Each state government has an executive branch. The state executive
branch is made up of the governor, several top officials, and agencies
and departments that carry out the business of the state. Top officials
usually include the secretary of state, the attorney general, an auditor,
and a treasurer. Some of the departments that are often found at the
state level include a department of health, a department of highways,
and a state welfare board. These departments—along with many
others—play an active role in the day-to-day lives of the state’s citi-
zens. You can learn more about your state executive branch and
gather valuable information for your classmates by creating a bulletin
board resource center to educate people about your state government
officials and agencies.
GROUP DIRECTIONS
1. Use Chapter 12, library resources, and the Internet to learn more
about the state executive branch. Learn about the departments
and types of services that are usually offered at the state level of
government.
2. Use magazines and newspapers to learn more about the executive
branch of the state in which you live. Use what you find to create a
bulletin board resource center.
3. Think about the following government-related topics as you do
your research:
ORGANIZING THE GROUP
1. Decision Making Form a group with three or more people. Using
suggestions from the box above and ideas of your own, determine
the officials and departments that will be part of your bulletin
board. Decide how to divide responsibility for each topic within
your group.
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Cooperative Learning Activity 12
secretary of state department of health public works
auditor attorney general department of highways
governor treasurer state welfare board
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2. Individual Work Do research to learn as much as possible about
the official or department that you have chosen. Make notes and
collect photos and illustrations as you do your research. Find infor-
mation such as mailing addresses, telephone numbers, or e-mail
addresses that you can include as part of your bulletin board.
3. Group Work Share your information and illustrations with your
group. Give one another suggestions for improving content, gram-
mar, and spelling. Revise your information until you have one to
three concise paragraphs about your topic.
4. Additional Group Work Together, plan the overall organization and
layout of the bulletin board resource center. You may want to add
color or design elements to your bulletin board display to make it
more appealing. Group your photos, illustrations, and descriptions in
a way that those who view your display can easily locate information
concerning the state executive branch. Create a title for your display.
5. Group Sharing Present your bulletin board resource center to your
class. Each group member should describe and be able to answer
questions about the state official or department that he or she
researched.
GROUP PROCESS QUESTIONS
• What is the most important thing you learned about your state’s
executive branch from doing this activity?
• What was the most surprising thing you learned about the execu-
tive branch from doing this activity?
• Which part of this activity did you like the most? Why?
• What was the biggest problem you had in doing this activity?
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Cooperative Learning Activity 12 (continued)
1. Was the goal of the assignment clear at all times?
2. Were you satisfied with your work on the bulletin board resource
center? Why or why not?
3. Do you believe that people who view your bulletin board resource
center will be able to use the information they find there? Why or
why not?
QuickCHECK
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Sales TaxesWhen you buy a product, do you actually pay the amount shown on
the price tag? Usually not. Most state and local governments require you
to pay a sales tax. A sales tax is a rate or percentage of the item’s price.
When you pay for your purchase, the cash register adds the sales tax
automatically. You can calculate the dollar amount of the tax by hand.
Just multiply the price by the rate. To find the total cost of the item, add
the tax to the price.
Price 3 Tax Rate 5 $ Tax
Price 1 $ Tax 5 Total Cost of Item
Sales taxes apply to services as well as goods. For example, you pay
sales tax when you get a haircut. Most states do not tax groceries or
medicines, but some do. In most states you pay a tax on the food you
eat in a restaurant.
DIRECTIONS: Complete the chart below by calculating the missing per-
centages. Then answer the following questions on a separate sheet of
paper.
Name Date Class
Economics Activity 12
1. What is a sales tax?
2. How do you calculate the total cost of
an item, with tax?
3. You want to buy a concert ticket in
California. The ticket price is $40. What
is the total cost of the ticket with tax?
4. While traveling through Alabama, you
stop to buy a carryout sandwich. The
price is $5. How much will you pay the
clerk?
5. You are hungry again as you head into
New York. You stop at a grocery for
some cheese and crackers. The price tags
total $7. What total price will you pay at
checkout?
6. CRITICAL THINKING ACTIVITY Go to a
store in your area. Select eight items you
normally use. Include food and nonfood
items. Write down the price of each
item. Then go to the library or the
Internet. Find out the current sales tax
rate for your state and local area. Rates
change. The current rates may not be
the same as those shown in the chart
above. Calculate the total cost of each
item, with tax. Then calculate the total
cost of your basket of goods. Show your
results in table form.
State Tax Maximum Maximum Total Do Sales Taxes
State Rate Local Rate Sales Tax Apply to Groceries?
California 5.75% 2.50% 8.25% No
Alabama 4% 9% Yes
New York 4.5% 8.5% No
State and Local Sales Tax Rates, 2001
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State GovernmentThe United States Constitution was written with the goal of balancing
the state and national governments. State constitutions differ from state
to state but, in general, they model the setup of the national government.
The state legislature operates much like the U.S. Congress. Governors act
as the states’ chief executives as the president is the nation’s chief execu-
tive. The states’ legal matters are handled in a three-tiered system similar
in structure to the federal judiciary.
DIRECTIONS: Completing a Table In the table below, different areas of
the U.S. Constitution involving state rights are listed. Write the letter of
the description of parts of the Constitution under the correct heading.
A. Forbids states from taking away civil
liberties as it guarantees “equal pro-
tection of the laws”
B. Allows states to exercise all powers
not given to the federal government
or denied to the states
C. Forbids states from issuing their own
money
D. Establishes the supremacy clause that
gives federal powers precedence over
state powers when conflicts arise
E. Encourages interstate cooperation by
requiring states to give “full faith and
credit” to the laws of other states
F. Forbids states from imposing taxes on
imports
G. Requires states to have a “republican
form of government”
H. Forbids states from making treaties
with foreign counties or from declar-
ing war
I. Allows the federal government to
defend state governments if they are
being threatened
Name Date Class
Reteaching Activity 12
Article I Article IV Article VI
10th Amendment 14th Amendment
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Enrichment Activity 12
DIRECTIONS: Read the following passage about the California Department of Water
Resources and then answer the questions that follow in the space provided.
1. Why was the California Department of Water Resources created?
2. What is the main purpose of California’s State Water Project?
3. How does Southern California benefit from the State Water Project?
4. CRITICAL THINKING Write one sentence stating why the California Department
of Water Resources contributes to the common good of the people in
California.
5. CRITICAL THINKING Research a department of government in your state. Write
the department’s main purpose here. (Use another sheet of paper if needed.)
State Governments: For the Common Good
Much of what a state government does is for the benefit of all people in the state—for the com-mon good. Many states have unique situations that determine what type of departments, agencies,boards, and commissions will best benefit the people in the state. The California Department ofWater Resources is an example of a department within a state government that was created for thecommon good.
The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) was created by the California Legislature in1956 to plan and guide the development of water resources. DWR designed and constructed theState Water Project and maintains and operates it today.
The California State Water Project is a water storage and delivery system of reservoirs, aqueducts,power plants, and pumping plants. Its main purpose is to store water and deliver it where needed inthe state. For example, Northern California has more precipitation than Southern California.Southern California needs more water than the rainfall in that area provides for its large populationand for agriculture. Through the State Water Project, water can be collected in the northern part ofthe state and distributed to the south. About 70 percent of the water supply goes to urban users and30 percent goes to agricultural users.
Since 1956 the Department of Water Resources has grown in size and responsibility. It now hasa staff of approximately 2,700 and a $1 billion annual budget. In addition to the State WaterProject, it administers programs involving flood control, dam safety, water quality improvement, andmore. It also educates the public about California’s water resources and works with other govern-mental and wildlife agencies on environmental issues and projects.
Chapter 12Section Resources
Guided Reading Activity 12-1 15
Guided Reading Activity 12-2 16
Guided Reading Activity 12-3 17
Guided Reading Activity 12-4 18
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The Federal System
DIRECTIONS: Write an answer to each question below in the space provided.
1. Defining What is a federal system?
2. Analyzing According to the Constitution, what are states not allowed
to do?
3. Defining What are reserved powers?
4. Describing What is the supremacy clause?
5. Explaining How do federal grants-in-aid work?
6. Identifying How many states have to approve an amendment before it
can be added to the Constitution?
7. Comparing What do all state constitutions have in common?
Guided Reading Activity 12–1
Name Date Class
Before reading this section, think about the main topic of the reading. Whatwill you be reading about? Jot down what you think you will be reading, then review whatyou wrote after you have read the section. Were you right?
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The State Legislative Branch
DIRECTIONS: Write an answer to each question below in the space provided.
1. Defining What does “unicameral” mean?
2. Identifying What are state lawmaking bodies called?
3. Identifying Who are the leaders in state legislatures?
4. Listing From where do ideas for state bills come?
5. Recalling How often is the national census taken?
6. Defining What is malapportionment?
7. Inferring What issues face state legislators today?
Guided Reading Activity 12–2
Name Date Class
When the reading becomes difficult, slow down and reread that paragraph.If you still do not understand the text, highlight it and ask your teacher for help.
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The State Executive Branch
DIRECTIONS: Write an answer to each question below in the space provided.
1. Identifying Who is the chief executive in state government?
2. Listing What are the qualifications for governor in most states?
3. Recalling How long is a governor’s term?
4. Recalling What legislative powers does a governor have?
5. Defining What is a line-item veto?
6. Explaining Does every governor have a cabinet? Explain.
7. Describing What does a state auditor do?
Guided Reading Activity 12–3
Name Date Class
Set a goal for completing and understanding this reading assignment in lessthan one hour.
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The State Judicial Branch
DIRECTIONS: Write an answer to each question below in the space provided.
1. Defining What are misdemeanors?
2. Describing What kinds of cases do magistrate courts handle?
3. Comparing What is the difference between a plaintiff and a
defendant?
4. Defining What are felonies?
5. Explaining Why do you think state supreme courts are called courts of
last resort?
6. Recalling How long are the terms for state judges?
7. Explaining How can state judges be removed from office?
Guided Reading Activity 12–4
Name Date Class
Take notes as you read the textbook. Then periodically review your notes. Donot wait until just before the test to review your notes!