Std 1 Chichewa TG Final PRC 06-01-17 KH 1... · N’zosatinso munthu achitire malonda n’pang’ono pomwe. Komabe ngati munthu akufuna kugwira ntchiti ya za maphunziro ndi bukuli,

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Adakonza ndi kusindikiza ndi a Malawi Institute of Education PO Box 50 Domasi Zomba Malawi Email: [email protected] Website: www.mie.edu.mw © Malawi Institute of Education, 2016 Zonse za m’bukumu n’zosati munthu akopere mu njira ina iliyonse popanda chilolezo. N’zosatinso munthu achitire malonda n’pang’ono pomwe. Komabe ngati munthu akufuna kugwira ntchiti ya za maphunziro ndi bukuli, ayambe wapempha ndi kulandira chilolezo kuchokera kwa eni ake omwe adalisindikiza. Kusindikiza koyamba 2016 ISBN 978-99960-44-02-1

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Olemba

Foster Gama Frackson Manyamba Jeremiah Kamkuza Lizinet Daka Rabson Madi Victor Mdangwe Ivy Nthara Wisdom Nkhoma Ndamyo Mwanyongo Annie Mzumara Mordky Kapesa Mike Rambiki Esther Chenjezi Nicholas Kalinde Jennings Nkhoma Jordan Namondwe Charles Mashonga Rex Chasweka Bertha Singini Elias Chilenje Owen Kazembe Benjamin David Ishmael Zabuloni Ethel Lozani Catherine Mphimbya Loya Chigolong’ondo Andrew Mchisa Frank Matemba

: Malawi Institute of Education : Malawi Institute of Education : Department of Inspectorate and Advisory Services : Department of Basic Education : Department of Teacher Education and Development : Department of Teacher Education and Development : Domasi College of Education : Domasi College of Education : Kasungu Teachers’ College : Karonga Teachers’ College : Lilongwe Teachers’ College : Lilongwe Teachers’ College : Lilongwe Teachers’ College : Machinga Teachers’ College : Machinga Teachers’ College : Chiradzulu Teachers’ College : Chiradzulu Teachers’ College : Blantyre Teachers’ College : Blantyre Teachers’ College : Phalombe Teachers’ College : Kasungu Teachers’ College : Blantyre Teachers’ College : Ludzi Girls’ Secondary School : Mbandanga Primary School : Chankharamu Primary School : Waya Primary School : Matindi Primary School : St Michael’s Primary School

Kuthokoza

A Unduna wa za Maphunziro, Sayansi ndi Umisiri pamodzi ndi a Malawi Institute of Education akuthokoza onse omwe adatengapo gawo m’njira zosiyanasiyana kuyambira polemba bukuli kufika polisindikiza. Iwowa akuthokozanso kwakukulu bungwe la United States Agency for International Development (USAID) ndi Department for International Development (DFID) pothandiza ndi ndalama komanso upangiri kuti buku la mphunzitsili lilembedwe, liunikidwe ndi kusindikizidwa mogwirizana ndi mulingo wa boma wounikira maphunziro m’sukulu (National Education Standards) komanso ndondomeko ya boma yokhudza kuwerenga m’sukulu (National Reading Strategy). Iwo akuthokozanso anthu onse omwe adaunikanso bukuli ndi kupereka upangiri osiyanasiyana.

Okonza

Akonzi Ojambula zithunzi Woyala mawu ndi zithunzi Mkonzi wamkulu

: Max J Iphani ndi Peter Ngunga : Heath Kathewera : Karon Harden, Xavier Mpanga, Gibson Dzimbiri ndi Chifundo B Kaunda : Max J Iphani

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Zamkatimu

KUTHOKOZA ........................................................................................................................ III

MAWU OTSOGOLERA ......................................................................................................... VI

MUTU 1 ................................................................................................................................... 1

MUTU 2 ................................................................................................................................. 11

MUTU 3 ................................................................................................................................. 28

MUTU 4 ................................................................................................................................. 45

MUTU 5 ................................................................................................................................. 62

MUTU 6 ................................................................................................................................. 79

MUTU 7 ................................................................................................................................. 85

MUTU 8 ............................................................................................................................... 102

MUTU 9 ............................................................................................................................... 111

MUTU 10 ............................................................................................................................. 120

MUTU 11 ............................................................................................................................. 129

MUTU 12 ............................................................................................................................. 135

MUTU 13 ............................................................................................................................. 151

MUTU 14 ............................................................................................................................. 168

MUTU 15 ............................................................................................................................. 178

MUTU 16 ............................................................................................................................. 187

MUTU 17 ............................................................................................................................. 193

MUTU 18 ............................................................................................................................. 210

MUTU 19 ............................................................................................................................. 219

MUTU 20 ............................................................................................................................. 228

MUTU 21 ............................................................................................................................. 237

MUTU 22 ............................................................................................................................. 243

MUTU 23 ............................................................................................................................. 259

MUTU 24 ............................................................................................................................. 268

MUTU 25 ............................................................................................................................. 277

MUTU 26 ............................................................................................................................. 286

MUTU 27 ............................................................................................................................. 292

MUTU 28 ............................................................................................................................. 308

MUTU 29 ............................................................................................................................. 317

MUTU 30 ............................................................................................................................. 326

MUTU 31 ............................................................................................................................. 335

MUTU 32 ............................................................................................................................. 341

MUTU 33 ............................................................................................................................. 358

MUTU 34 ............................................................................................................................. 367

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MUTU 35 ............................................................................................................................. 376

MATANTHAUZO A MAWU ATSOPANO .......................................................................... 382

MABUKU ............................................................................................................................ 385

MAWU OPANGIDWA KUCHOKERA PA MNDANDANDA WA MALEMBO .................... 386

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Mawu otsogolera

Mawu otsogolera a m’buku la Chichewa la Mphunzitsi la Sitandade 1, akupatsani chithunzithunzi cha ndondomeko yophunzitsira kuwerenga yomwe dziko la Malawi lakonza. Mawu otsogolerawa, agawidwa m’magawo asanu n’chimodzi omwe akufotokoza mfundo zosiyanasiyana zokuthandizani kumvetsa bwino momwe mungaphunzitsire kuwerenga m’phunziro la Chichewa. • M’gawo loyamba, muphunzira mfundo zikuluzikulu zokhudza ndondomeko yophunzitsira

kuwerenga m’Malawi ndi momwe ndondomekoyi ingalimbikitsire maphunziro m’dziko muno. • M’gawo lachiwiri, muphunzira momwe matsimba owerengerako akupititsira patsogolo chidwi cha

makolo kuti azithandiza ophunzira kuwerenga. • M’gawo lachitatu, muphunzira mfundo zisanu zomwe ndi nsanamira zothandiza kupititsa patsogolo

luso lowerenga. • Gawo lachinayi, likupatsani chithunzithunzi cha maphunziro a Chichewa mu Sitandade 1 komanso

lifotokoza za kayalidwe ka buku la ophunzira. • Gawo lachisanu, lifotokoza tsatanetsatane wophunzitsira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi udindo wa

mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira m’phunziro lililonse. • M’gawo lachisanu n’chimodzi muphunziramo za kuyesa ophunzira m’phunziro lakuwerenga. Gawo loyamba Ndondomeko ya boma yophunzitsira kuwerenga m’Malawi Cholinga chachikulu cha ndondomeko ya boma yophunzitsira kuwerenga (Unduna wa za Maphunziro, Sayansi ndi Umisiri, 2014) ndi kuonetsetsa kuti mwana aliyense akuwerenga ndi kumvetsa zomwe akuwerengazo, pomamaliza maphunziro ake a Sitandade 3. Kuti izi zitheke, ndondomeko yowerengayi itsatira mfundo izi: • Ndondomeko yoyenera yophunzitsira kuwerenga. • Kuyesa ophunzira. • Kusula aphunzitsi. • Kutenga mbali kwa makolo pa maphunziro.

Mfundo yoyamba Ndondomeko yoyenera kuphunzitsira kuwerenga Ndondomeko yoyenera yophunzitsira kuwerenga m’sukulu za pulayimale ikutsatira nsanamira zisanu zomwe (zafotokozedwa m’gawo lachiwiri) zimaphunzitsidwa m’ndondomeko yomveka bwino. Nthawi yomwe mphunzitsi akuphunzitsa, iye amasonyeza momwe ophunzira ayenera kuchitira. Ntchito ya m’buku la mphunzitsi ndi la ophunzira ndi yogwirizana ndipo izi zimathandiza kuti nsanamira zonse ziphunzitsidwe mwa dongosolo, kuyambira zosavuta ndi kumapitirira ndi zovuta.

Mfundo yachiwiri Kuyesa ophunzira Kuyesa ophunzira ndi kofunikira kwambiri mu ndondomeko yowerenga. Cholinga cha kuyesa ophunzira m’kalasi ndi kuthandiza mphunzitsi kudziwa zomwe angasinthe m’phunziro kuti akwaniritse kufikira zofuna zaophunzira onse.

Mfundo yachitatu Kusula aphunzitsi Mphunzitsi ophunzitsa kuwerenga afunika kusulidwa mokwanira pa momwe angaphunzitsire kuwerenga. Kusula aphunzitsi kwakhazikika pa nsanamira zisanu za kuwerenga: dongosolo la momwe mwana amaphunzirira kuwerenga, njira zothandizira ophunzira kuti apititse patsogolo maluso owerenga ndi njira zomwe zingabweretse mgwirizano pakati pa sukulu ndi makolo pothandizira ana awo kukhala ndi luso lowerenga. Maphunziro osula aphunzitsi adzathandizanso kuthana ndi mavuto ena ali onse omwe mungakumane nawo pamene mukuphunzitsa.

Mfundo yachinayi Kutenga mbali kwa makolo pa maphunziro a ana Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso lowerenga, sukulu, makolo ndi aliyense wa mderalo ayenera kugwira ntchito limodzi. Kuphunzitsa makolo ndi anthu a mderalo momwe angathandizire ophunzira kuwerenga akapita kunyumba ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko yowerenga. Kukhazikitsa nyumba kapena kuti tsimba lowerengerako mmadera omwe ayandikana ndi sukulu kungathandize kupatsa chidwi kwa ophunzira kuti aziwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Matsimba owerengera ndi malo omwe ophunzira amasankha mabuku omwe afuna kuwerenga ndi cholinga chopititsa patsogolo maluso owerenga omwe aphunzira ku sukulu.

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Gawo lachiwiri Ntchito ya matsimba owerengerako mundondomeko ya kuwerenga m’Malawi Makolo amakhala ndi chidwi pa momwe maphunziro akuyendera m’sukulu ndipo ambiri mwa iwo ndi okhumudwa ndi momwe zinthu ziriri poyerekeza ndi masiku omwe iwo adali ku sukulu. Makolowa, amafuna kuthandiza aphunzitsi kutsatira momwe ophunzira akuchitira ndi kuona momwe angatengere mbali pakupititsa maphunziro patsogolo. Ndondomeko ya kuwerenga m’Malawi, lakhazikitsa matsimba owerengerako m’madera ozungulira sukulu iliyonse m’Malawi muno. M’matsimbawa mudzakhala mabuku oonjezera ogwirizana ndi luso lowerenga la ophunzira. Cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ophunzira a Sitandade 1 mpaka 4 akupita ku matsimba owerengerako komanso makolo akuthandiza ana kuwerenga popanga maphunziro kuti akhale osangalatsa ndi osavuta. Ndondomekoyi idzathandiza ophunzira kukhala ndi chidwi chowerenga zomwe iwo amakonda.

Mkulu woyang’anira sukulu, akuluakulu oyang’anira Sitandade 1 ndi Sitandade 2, aphunzitsi a Sitandade 1 mpaka 4, mogwirizana ndi komiti yokhazikitsidwa ndi komiti ya chitukuko ya m’mudzi adzayendetsa matsimba. Iwowa adzapereka uphungu pa kayendetsedwe ka matsimba. Zina mwa ntchito za magulu a anthu amenewa zalembedwa m’munsimu:

• kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yomwe idzathandiza kuti sukulu iliyonse idzadziwa zonse zochitika pa tsimba lowerengerako komanso tsimba lidzadziwa zinthu zomwe sukulu ikuyembekezera

• kuphunzira za zipangizo zophunzitsira zomwe zizikapezeka m’matsimba owerengerako ndi zomwe othandiza (makolo ndi anthu ena-a pa banja, amfumu), azidzachita pa tsimba lowerengerako

• kuthandiza a komiti ndi athandizi a ku tsimba lowerengerako kutsatira ophunzira a ulumali ndi momwe angawathandizire

• kuonetsetsa kuti mabuku ndi zinthu zina zowerenga ndi zoyenera • kupereka upangiri wam’matsimba owerengerako kuti zonse ziziyenda bwino • kuonetsetsa kuti makomiti onse oyendetsa sukulu ndi komiti yoyang’anira matsimba owerengerako

akugwira ntchito mogwirizana pa kugawana zochita mogwirizana ndi maudindo awo • kuonetsetsa kuti kukonza zipangizo zophunzitsira ndi zophunzirira za m’matsimba kukuchitikira pa

sukulu komanso kuyesa ngati zipangizozi ndi zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito Gawo lachitatu Momwe malo ophunzirira abwino, osasankha, okhudza ndi kufikira ophunzira wina aliyense amapititsira maphunziro patsogolo Ophunzira amaphunzira bwino akakhala pa sukulu kapena m’kalasi losamalika ndi lotetezeka bwino. Izi zikutanthauza chitetezo cha thupi lawo, malo omwe amakhala ndi chitetezo cha m’maganizo awo. Ophunzira aliyense kaya ndi, mtsikana, m’nyamata, wa ulumali, ophunzira mwamsanga, ophunzira mochedwa, odzikhulupirira kapena wosadzikhulupirira, afunika malo ophunzirira abwino ndi a chitetezo. Inu ngati mphunzitsi, muyenera kukhazikitsa malo ophunzirira abwino ndi achikoka m’kalasi lanu ngakhalenso pa sukulu yanu. Atsikana ndi anyamata amaphunzira bwino ngati mphunzitsi wawo amawalimbikitsa ndi kuwapatsa chidwi chopititsa pa tsogolo maphunziro awo. Inuyo ngati mphunzitsi, mudziwe kuti ophunzira amaphunzira zinthu zambiri kunyumba kwawo asanayambe sukulu ndipo izi zimaunikira momwe amakhalira m’kalasi. Ophunzira ena amadziwa kale kuwerenga ndi kulemba mawu kapena mayina awo pamene ena amakhala kuti akuona buku koyamba. Choncho, aphunzitsi ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti pamene ophunzira alakwitsa, anzawo komanso aphunzitsiwo asamawaseke.

Aphunzitsi akamayamikira ophunzira pa ntchito yomwe achita bwino kapena kuyesetsa kwawo pa ntchito yomwe anapatsidwa, amathandiza ophunzira kukhala odzikhulupirira ndi kutenga mbali m’zochitika za phunziro. Pali njira zambiri zoyamikirira ntchito ya ophunzira. Ophunzira ayamikiridwe pa kuyesetsa kapena kuchita bwino kwawo. Mwa chitsanzo, mphunzitsi akhoza kunena kuti “Zikomo wayesetsa! Ndaona kuti ukuyesetsa, tayeseranso.” Athanso kunena kuti “Wayesetsa! Wina amuthandize?” Kuyamikira kumathandiza ophunzira kudzimva kuti ali limodzi ndi anzawo m’kalasi chomwe ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha malo ophunzirirako abwino, osasankha ndi maphunziro okhudza ndi ofikira wina aliyense. Mphunzitsi akamayamikira ophunzira yemwe wachita chinthu

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chabwino, monga kutsatira malamulo a m’kalasi kuthandiza ophunzira mnzake kapena kutsatira malangizo, zimapangitsa ophunzira ena kuchita chimodzimodzi.

Ophunzira onse, atsikana ndi anyamata amakhala ataphunzira momwe ayenera kukhalira ndi zomwe ayenera kuchita ngati atsikana kapena anyamata. Mwa chitsanzo, atsikana amakhala ataphunzira kuti asamayankhule kwambiri. Anyamata amakhala ataphunzira kuti azilimbikira sukulu kuti adzapeze ndalama zosamalira mabanja awo akadzakula. Zinthu zomwe atsikana ndi anyamata amaphunzira asanayambe sukulu zimaunikira momwe iwo amaganizirira za gawo lawo m’dziko komanso zomwe ayenera kumachita akapita kusukulu. Inuyo ngati mphunzitsi, muyenera kupanga malo ophunzirira kukhala abwino, achikoka ndi osasankha kuti ophunzira onse azimasuka ndi kutenga mbali m’phunziro.

Muyeneranso kudziwa momwe nkhani za kusiyanitsa pakati pa akazi ndi amuna zimakhudzira ophunzira komanso momwe chikhalidwe chimaunikirira tanthauzo lokhala mtsikana kapena mnyamata, munthu wa mkazi kapena wa mwamuna kudzera m’nkhani zomwe amamva kapena kuwerenga. Nkhani zambiri za moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku zomwe zimakambidwa m’kalasi, zimangolimbikitsa chikhalidwe chokhazikika chokhudza ntchito ndi maudindo a atsikana ndi amayi, anyamata ndi abambo. Mwa chitsanzo, ngati nkhani kapena nthano zimangonena za kupambana kwa abambo, atsikana ndi anyamata amaphunzira kuti amayi sanachitepo chinthu chopambana kuyambira kalekale. Komatu alipo amayi omwe ali m’maudindo akuluakulu m’Malawi muno ngakhale kunja kwa dzikoli.

Inuyo ngati mphunzitsi, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti njira zodzetsera chilongosoko m’kalasi zomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito sizikusiyanitsa pakati pa atsikana ndi anyamata komanso za maphunziro okhudza ndi ofikira wina aliyense. Onetsetsaninso kuti ophunzira onse ali ndi mwayi otenga mbali m’zochitika zonse za m’kalasi lanu.

Gawo lachinayi Nsanamira zisanu za kuwerenga Kuphunzitsa kuwerenga ndi dongosolo lomwe limatsatira ndondomeko (Fountas & Pinell, 2006). Atsikana ndi anyamata ayenera kuphunzira mgwirizano omwe ulipo pakati pa maliwu osiyanasiyana omwe amamva kapena kutchula ndi malembo omwe amayimira maliwuwo. Kuti ophunzira adziwe mgwirizano wa pakati pa zolankhulidwa ndi zolembedwa, mphunzitsi ayenera kusonyeza maluso owerenga kuti ophunzira adziwe momwe kuwerenga kumakhalira komanso momwe zimamvekera munthu wina akamawerenga. Ndondomeko yowerenga yabwino imaperekanso mpata kuti ophunzira aphunzire maluso osiyanasiyana. Maluso akuluakulu amenewa ndi amene tikuwatchula kuti nsanamira zisanu za kuwerenga zomwe ndi 1) Kumva ndi kutchula maliwu; 2) Kuzindikira malembo ndi maliwu ake; 3) Kuwerenga molondola, mofulumira ndi mosadodoma; 4) Kudziwa mawu ndi matanthauzo ake; ndi 5) Kumvetsa nkhani (National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), 2000). Gawo lotsatirali, lifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane nsanamira iliyonse, kufunika kwake m’phunziro la kuwerenga ndi njira zomwe tingatsate kuti ophunzira akhale akatswiri odziwa owerenga.

Nsanamira yoyamba Kumva ndi kutchula liwu Kumva ndi kutchula maliwu kutanthauza kuzindikira kuti mawu amapangidwa ndi maliwu osiyanasiyana oima paokha. Kumva ndi kutchula maliwu kumakhudzananso ndi kuzindikira kwa maliwu mukayalidwe ka chiyankhulo. Nsanamira imeneyi imakhudzanso kuzindikira mawu oima paokha mziganizo, maphatikizo, liwu loyamba ndi maliwu otsatira m’maphatikizo, ndi kuzindikira liwu palokha.

Ophunzira yemwe akuphunzira maliwu amatha kuzindikira maliwu osiyanasiyana a m’mawu omwe wamva. Mwachitsanzo, akamva mawu oti ‘ana’, ophunzira amamva maliwu a /a/ /n/ /a/ omwe akupanga mawu oti ‘ana’. Mukaphuzitsa ophunzira kuzindikira maliwu, mumawapatsa mwayi kuti ayambe kuona mgwirizano wa maliwu m’mawu oyankhulidwa ndi malembo a maliwuwo. Kuzindikira mgwirizano umenewu ndi kofunika kwambiri chifukwa amenewa ndiye maziko akuwerenga ndi kulemba maliwu omwe amva.

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Ophunzira akamayamba sukulu amakhala akudziwa kale mawu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito pa moyo wawo wa tsiku ndi tsiku pamene akucheza ndi abale awo kapena anzawo, komanso pamene akumvera nthano. M’buku lino mupeza ntchito zosiyanasiyana za maliwu zomwe zimathandiza ophunzira kumvetsetsa za mgwirizano wa mawu omwe timayankhula ndi maliwu ake. Zina mwa ntchitozi ndi kuimba nyimbo, kulakatula ndakatulo, kunena nthano, kupeza liwu loyamba m’mawu, kufananitsa mawu ndi liwu loyamba m’mawuwo, kulumikiza maliwu kupanga phatikizo, kulumikiza maphatikizo kupanga mawu, kuwerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo m’mawu, ndi kulekanitsa maphatikizo m’mawu.

Nsanamira yachiwiri Kuzindikira malembo ndi maliwu ake Mfundo yayikulu pa nsanamira ino ndi yoti mawu amapangidwa ndi malembo omwe amayimira maliwu. Ophunzira akamaphunzira malembo ndi maliwu ake, amaphunzira maonekedwe a malembo, mayina a malembo ndipo amazindikira mgwirizano wa mayina a malembo ndi maliwu ake. Mwachitsanzo, ophunzira akaona chithunzi cha botolo pafupi ndi mawu oti “botolo”, amazindikira maonekedwe a lembo la ‘b’ ndi kulumikiza lemboli ndi liwu la /b/ ngati liwu loyamba m’mawu oti botolo. Pamene ophunzira akumana ndi mawu ochuluka m’buku la ophunzira komanso mabuku oonjezera, amazindikira malembo ndi maonekedwe ake. Iwo amayamba kumvetsa kuti malembo amalumikizana kupanga mawu.

Ophunzira akamayamba sukulu amakhala ali kale ndi chithunzithunzi cha malembo. Amaona malembo m’mawu omwe amalembedwa pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kunyumba komanso zomwe amaziona mu msewu akamapita kusukulu ndi malo ena. M’buku lino, mupeza ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe maziko ake akhala pa zomwe ophunzira akuzidziwa kale. Kuphunzitsa kuwerenga kugwiritsa ntchito malembo ndi maliwu ake ndi njira yomwe ikufotokoza momwe mungathandizire ophunzira kudziwa malembo osiyanasiyana a alifabeti. Zina mwa ntchitozi ndi kuphunzitsa dzina la lembo, kalembedwe kake ndi liwu lake, kuona zithunzi zomwe mayina ake akuyamba ndi liwu lomwe aphunzira, komanso kutchula lembo lalikulu ndi laling’ono zomwe ziri m’buku lawo.

Nsanamira yachitatu Kuwerenga mofulumira ndi mosadodoma Ophunzira omwe ali ndi luso ili amawerenga mawu ndi ziganizo pa liwiro loyenera, mosathamanga kapena kuchedwa kwambiri kuti amvetsetse zomwe akuwerengazo (Moore & Lyon, 2005). Ophunzira ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito maliwu, malembo a alifabeti ndi maliwu ake komanso momwe angadziwire kuwerenga mawu achilendo. Mawu monga ‘ana’, ‘ndi’ ndi ‘za’ amapezeka kwambiri m’buku la ophunzira ndi mabuku oonjezera. Ngati ophunzira apatsidwa mwayi owerenga kawirikawiri, amazolowera kuwerenga mawuwa ndipo amawawerenga mofulumira ndi mosadodoma. Kuwerenga mofulumira ndi mosadodoma kumathandiza ophunzira kumva zomwe akuwerenga mmalo motaya nthawi ndi kuvutika kufuna kudziwa malembo ndi maliwu.

Kuchokera m’kuyankhula ndi anthu ku sukulu, ku nyumba ndi kumudzi, ophunzira amabwera ku sukulu akudziwako momwe kuyankhula kumavekera ndi momwe mawu amaperekera tanthauzo. Ku sukulu, ophunzira amagwiritsa ntchito maluso a kumva ndi kuyankhula ngati katawala owathandiza kuwerenga mofulumira, mosadodoma ndi momvetsa nkhani.

M’buku lino, mupezamo ntchito zomwe zikugwiritsa ntchito maluso a kumva ndi kuyankhula zomwe zimathandiza ophunzira kupititsa patsogolo luso lowerenga mofulumira ndi mosadodoma. Zina mwa ntchitozi ndi kusonyeza ophunzira kuwerenga mwanthetemya pa liwiro loyenera, kuwerenga nkhani mokweza kuchokera m’buku la ophunzira kapena mabuku ena, kupatsa mwayi ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo, mawu ndi ziganizo mobwerezabwereza, ndi kuwerenga mmodzimmodzi, awiriawiri ndi m’magulu.

Nsanamira yachinayi Matanthauzo a mawu Ana akadziwa matanthauzo a mawu ambiri amatha kulumikizana ndi anthu ena pomvetsera, kuyankhula, kuwerenga ndi kulemba zosavuta. Ana akamaphunzira kuwerenga, amagwiritsa ntchito mawu omwe amaphunzira kudzera mu zomwe amamva ndi kuyankhula ku nyumba, kusukulu ndi m’madera momwe amakhala. Ngakhale m’kalasi, kuphunzitsa matanthauzo a mawu kumakhala chiyambi chothandiza ophunzirawo kupeza matanthauzo a mawu achilendo omwe angakumane nawo pamene akuwerenga (Moore & Lyon, 2005).

Kuphunzitsa matanthauzo a mawu ndi kofunika kwambiri chifukwa kumathandiza ophunzira

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kuwerenga ndi kumvetsa zomwe awerenga. M’buku lino mupezamo ntchito zomwe zikuthandizeni kuphunzitsa mawu a chilendo m’njira zosiyanasiyana. Njirazi ndi monga kupereka tanthauzo la mawu achilendo ndi kusonyeza tanthauzo, kuonetsa zithunzi za zinthu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mawu achilendowa mziganizo ndi kukambirana ndi ophunzira tanthauzo la mawuwo.

Muthanso kuphunzitsa mawu a chilendo kudzera mu nkhani zopezeka m’buku la ophunzira ndi m’mabuku oonjezera. Pamene mukuphunzitsa mawu a m’mabuku amenewa, mukhoza kukambirana matanthauzo a mawu ndi kalasi lonse, kufunsa mafunso, kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe ophunzira akudziwa kale ndi kuthandiza ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi ndi mawu ena opezeka mu nkhani kuti apeze tanthauzo la mawuwo.

Nsanamira yachisanu Kumvetsa nkhani Cholinga chophunzitsa ophunzira kuwerenga ndi kumvetsa zomwe akuwerenga (Fountas & Pinnell, 2006). Ophunzira akamvetsa nkhani yomwe akuwerenga, amazindikira matanthauzo a mawu komanso ziganizo zomwe angakumane nazo m’buku la ophunzira ndi m’mabuku oonjezera. Ngakhale nthawi yomwe ophunzira akuphunzira kumene kuwerenga mofulumira ndi mosadodoma, iwo akhoza kuphunzira kumvetsa nkhani pomvetsera aphunzitsi akuwerenga mokweza nkhani ndi nthano.

Pa nthawi yomwe ophunzira amayamba sukulu, amakhala akudziwa zambiri zokhudza nkhani zomwe amamva kapena kufotokoza zinthu zomwe zinawachitikira kapenanso zomwe zinachitikira anthu ena omwe amawadziwa a mdera lawo. Amadziwanso zinthu zosiyansiyana zochitika pa moyo wa munthu monga kuthandiza kugwira ntchito za pakhomo, ntchito zosiyansiyana zomwe akuluakulu mderalo amachita kuti apeze ndalama, ndi mitundu ya nyama ndi zomera zomwe zimapezeka mdera lawo. Choncho ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe ophunzira amadziwa zokhudzana ndi moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku pophunzitsa kuwerenga. Ophunzira akamawerenga zokhudzana ndi zomwe zimachitika mmoyo wawo, zimathandiza kuti azimvetsa zomwe akuwerenga.

M’buku la mphinzitsili, mupezamo zomwe zikuthandizeni kugwiritsa ntchito buku la ophunzira ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo lomvetsa nkhani yomwe wina akuwerenga komanso nkhani yomwe akuwerenga okha. Ntchitozi ndi monga, kufunsa mafunso othandiza ophunzira kufotokoza mwachidule nkhani yomwe awerenga kapena kumva, kukumbukira zinthu zomwe awerenga poyankha mafunso ofunsa izi; ndani, chiyani, kuti (malo ati), liti, ndi chifukwa chiyani. Mafunso ena amapangitsa ophunzira kuganizira mozama pa zomwe awerenga kuti amvetse za atengambali ndi kupeza mutu kapena uthenga wa mu nkhani yomwe awerenga.

Gawo lachisanu Phunziro la Chichewa Bokosi lili m’munsili likuonetsani tsatanetsatane wa maphunziro a Chichewa pa sabata iliyonse. M’sabata iliyonse, muziphunzitsa malembo awiri (m’masabata akutsogolo mupeza malembo ophatikizana). Pa tsiku Lolemba ndi Lachiwiri muziphunzitsa lembo loyamba ndipo lembo lachiwiri muziliphunzitsa Lachitatu ndi Lachinayi. Tsiku Lachisanu, linayikidwa padera kuti muzibwereza ntchito iliyonse yomwe ophunzira sanachite bwino. Tsiku lililonse muziphunzitsa maphunziro awiri a mphindi makumi atatu (30) phunziro liliyonse monga momwe bokosi lili m’munsimu likusonyezera:

Tsatanetsatane wa ntchito pa sabata

Lolemba Lachiwiri Lachitatu Lachinayi Lachisanu

Lembo loyamba Lembo la chiwiri Phunziro 1 Phunziro 3 Phunziro 5 Phunziro 7 Phunziro 9 Liwu la lembo

Maphatikizo ndi mawu Liwu la lembo Maphatikizo ndi mawu

Kubwereza (Phunziro 1 mpaka 4)

Phunziro 2 Phunziro 4 Phunziro 6 Phunziro 8 Phunziro 10 Kuwerenga mokweza, mawu achilendo ndi kumvetsa nkhani

Kuwerenga ziganizo, kuwerenga mofulumira ndi mosadodoma ndi kumvetsa nkhani

Kuwerenga mokweza, mawu achilendo ndi kumvetsa nkhani

Kuwerenga ziganizo, kuwerenga mofulumira ndi mosadodoma ndi kumvetsa nkhani

Kubwereza (Chigawo 1) kapena mabuku oonjezera (Chigawo 2 ndi 3)

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Mayalidwe a maphunziro m’mitu ya m’buku la mphunzitsa la Chichewa

Chigawo Chiyamba

Mtundu wa malangizo Chigawo chachitatu

Mtundu wa malangizo

Mutu 1-5 Kulemba motambasula malangizo a mphunzitsi

Mutu 24-25 Kulemba malangizo a mphunzitsi mwachidule

Mutu 6 Mutu wobwereza Mutu 26 Mutu wobwereza Mutu 7 Kulemba motambasula

malangizo a mphunzitsi Mutu 27 Kulemba motambasula

malangizo a mphunzitsi Mutu 8-10 Kulemba malangizo a

mphunzitsi mwachidule Mutu 28-30 Kulemba malangizo a

mphunzitsi mwachidule Mutu 11 Mutu wobwereza Mutu 31 Mutu wobwereza Mutu 12 Kulemba motambasula

malangizo a mphunzitsi Mutu 32 Kulemba motambasula

malangizo a mphunzitsi Chigawo chachiwiri

Mtundu wa malangizo Mutu 33-34 Kulemba malangizo a mphunzitsi mwachidule

Mutu 13 Kulemba motambasula malangizo a mphunzitsi

Mutu 35 Mutu wobwereza


Mutu 16 Mutu wobwereza Mutu 17 Kulemba motambasula

malangizo a mphunzitsi


Mutu 21 Mutu wobwereza Mutu 22 Kulemba motambasula

malangizo a mphunzitsi

Mutu 23 Kulemba malangizo a mphunzitsi mwachidule

Dongosolo la zopezeka mphunziro:

Phunziro 1 ndi 5 Chiyambi Kuunikanso maphatikizo Kuzindikira liwu latsopano Kupeza ndi Kutchula liwu la lembo Dzina la lembo latsopano Kulemba lembo Mathero

Phunziro 2 Phunziro 6 Chiyambi Kulosera nkhani Kumvetsera nkhani Kupereka matanthauzo a mawu atsopano Kumvetsa nkhani Kuyankha mafunso Mathero

Chiyambi Kuunikanso matanthauzo a mawu Kumvetsera nkhani Kuyankha mafunso Kumvetsa nkhani Mathero

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Phunziro 3 ndi 7 Phunziro 4 ndi 8 Chiyambi Kuwerenga maphatikizo m’mawu Kuunikanso liwu ndi dzina la lembo Kuwerenga maphatikizo Kuwerenga mawu Kulemba maphatikizo Mathero

Chiyambi Kukambirana za m’chithunzi Kukonzekera kuwerenga Kuwerenga Kumvetsa nkhani Kuyankha mafunso Kulemba Mawu Mwaluso Mathero

Phunziro 9 (ndi 10, Chigawo 1) Phunziro 10 (Chigawo 2 ndi 3) Kubwereza ntchito ya sabata Mphunzitsi amasankha ntchito yomwe ophunzira sanachite bwino m’sabatayi motsatira zizndikiro za kakhonzedwe

Ophunzira amawerenga mabuku oonjezera.

Phunziro lachisanu n’chinayi Kubwereza ntchito ya sabata (chigawo chasukulu choyamba) Mphunzitsi amasankha ntchito yomwe ophunzira sanachite bwino m’phunziro loyamba mpakana phunziro lachinayi msabatayi motsatira zizindikiro za kakhozedwe za maphunziro amenewa.

Mu chigawo chachiwiri ndi chachitatu, muphunziro 10, aphunzitsi adzaphunzitsa kuwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Aphunzitsi ayenera kuwafotokozera ophunzira kuti aliyense asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuti awerenge. Kenaka adzawafunse kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Aphunzitsi ayenera kuti alole ophunzira kubwereka mabuku kuti akawerenge kunyumba. Aphunzitsi a kumbukire kuchita kalembera wa mabuku omwe ophunzira abwereka. Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabukuwa aitane ophunzira mmodzimmodzi ndi kumuyesa zomwe waphunzira m’mutuwo pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe zili pa phunziro 9 pa mutu uliwonse kuyambira Mutu 13. Aphunzitsi akumbukire kulemba momwe wophunzira wakhozera m’buku lawo kuti zisaiwalike.

Zithunzi za kalozera Buku la ophunzira la Chichewa la Sitandade 1 lili ndi zithunzi za nyama zomwe ophunzira ambiri amazidziwa ndipo ntchito yake ndi kulozera ophunzira ntchito yomwe achite. Zithunzizo ndi izi:

Chithunzi cha nsomba chimasonyeza maphatikizo omwe adaphunzira kale.

Chithunzi cha kalulu chimasonyeza lembo, malembo atsopano, ndi chithunzi chomwe dzina mawu ake amayamba ndi luwu la lembolo.

Chithunzi cha kamba chimasonyeza maphatikizo a tsopano opangidwa ndi lembo, malembo omwe aphunzire m’sabatayi.

Chithunzi cha tambala chimasonyeza mawu a tsopano opangidwa ndi lembo lomwe aphunzira.

Chithunzi cha mbalame chimasonyeza ziganizo zokhala ndi mawu omwe ali ndi lembo lomwe aphunzira.

Nthawi yomwe mukagwiritse ntchito mabuku a ophunzira, zithunzizi zimathandiza ophunzira kupeza zinthu zoti awerenge kapena kuona pakungonena kuti, “Onani pomwe pali nsomba / kalulu / ndi zina.”

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Gawo lachisanu n’chimodzi Njira zoyenera zophunzitsira kulemba ndi kuwerenga

Mphunzitsi, mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira, ophunzira Ophunzira amaphunzira msanga ngati mphunzitsi apereka chitsanzo cha zomwe akufuna kuti ophunzira achite, kuwathandiza kuti achite ntchitoyo moyenera ndi kuwapatsa mpata kuti achite ntchitoyo paokha. Izi ndiye magwero a njira imeneyi ya “mphunzitsi; mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira; ophunzira”. Njira yomwe tiyitchule kuti njira yakatawala yosiyira pang’onopang’ono kuthandiza ophunzira. Njira imeneyi ndiye gwero lophunzitsira ntchito zosiyanasiyana m’phunziro la Chichewa la Sitandade 1.

Mu gawo la “Mphunzitsi”, mphunzitsi amasonyeza kwa ophunzira ntchito yomwe ophunzira achite ndi momwe achitire. Kusonyeza machitidwe a ntchito kwa ophunzira kumapereka chitsanzo cha momwe achitire ntchitoyo. Kawirikawiri kusonyeza kumachitika nthawi yomwe mukuphunzitsa phunziro koyamba.

Gawo la “Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira”, ophunzira amachita ntchito yomwe mwasonyeza limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mfundo yayikulu yoyenera kukumbukira pa gawo limeneli ndi yakuti inu ndi ophunzira mumachitira limodzi: ophunzira sachita zinthu motsatira m’Mphunzitsi koma mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira amachitira limodzi. Gawoili limapatsa ophunzira chidwi chochita zomwe mphunzitsi wasonyeza mu gawo la “Mphunzitsi”.

Mu gawo la “Ophunzira”, ophunzira amakhala ndi mwayi wochita paokha ntchito yomwe aphunzira. Izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi kuwapatsa mayankho ophunzira ndi kuwauza kuti azikutsatirani kapena kubwereza zomwe mwanena. Njira yatsopanoyi, pphunzitsi amapereka lembo, phatikizo, mawu kapena chiganizo ndi kuuza ophunzira kuti awerenge okha mosathandizidwa. Ngati ophunzira akulephera, mutha kubwerera ku magawo a “Mphunzitsi, mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira” ndi kuchitanso chimodzimodzi mpaka atadziwa kuchita pa okha.

Magawo a “Mphunzitsi, Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira, Ophunzira” ali ngati katawala (makwerero) omwe amathandizira kugwiriziza ophunzira kuti asunthe kuchoka pa zinthu zomwe akuzidziwa kale ndi kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano kapena zachilendo mosavuta. Katawala ameneyu kapena makwerero amenewa amachotsedwa pang’onopang’ono kuti pomaliza ophunzira akhoza kumawerenga pa okha.

Choncho ndi kofunika kuti ophunzira azithandizidwa mokwanira pa magawo onse atatu pakuti kudumpha gawo limodzi kumasokoneza ndondomeko yonse yophunzira kuwerenga. Bokosi lili m’munsiri likupatsirani mwachidule ntchito ndi udindo wa aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira m’gawo lililonse la ndondomekoyi:

Udindo wosiya kuthandiza ophunzira pang’ono pang’ono: Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira

Mphunzitsi Ophunzira

Mphunzitsi:

Ndichita ndekha

achita yekha anena zolinga asonyeza ntchito

amvetsera mwatcheru afunsa mafunso

Mphunzitsi ndi

ophunzira: Tichitira limodzi

achitira limodzi ndi ophunzira aunikira, afunsa, apereka zithanzo asonyezanso zochita aonetsetsa kuti ophunzira akuchita

ntchitoyo molondola athandiza ophunzira omwe

zikuwavuta

afunsa ndi kuyankha mafunso achita ntchito limodzi ndi aphunzitsi

ndi ophunzira ena amaliza ntchito limodzi ndi anzawo

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Ophunzira:

Muchita nokha (Ophunzira achita

mmodzimodzi; awiriawiri

komanso ndi anzawo)

ayendera magulu aona zomwe ophunzira akunena amvetsera zomwe ophunzira akunena apeza zomwe ophunzira amvetsa ndi

zomwe sanamvetse ayamikira ndi kulimbikitsa omwe

akuchita bwino athandiza ophunzira omwe

akulephera.

achita okha agwiritsa ntchito zomwe anaona ndi

kuchita okha atenge udindo pa maphunziro awo. achita ntchito ndi anzake akambirana amanga mfundo pa zomwe aphunzira amaliza ntchito yotsala m’magulu adalira anzawo kuti awathandize.

Kugwiritsa ntchito katawala Kugwiritsa ntchito katawala kapena makwerero kutanthauza njira yomwe mphunzitsi amatsata kuti athandize ophunzira kusuntha kuchoka pa ntchito yomwe akuyidziwa kale kupita ku ntchito yomwe sakuyidziwa. Ntchito ya makwerero imathandiza ophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe akuzidziwa kale kuti amvetse zomwe akuphunzira nthawi imeneyo. Nthawi yomwe mukuphunzitsa, mukafunsa ophunzira chinthu chomwe sachidziwa, kapena ngati apereka yankho lolakwika, athandizeni kupeza yankho lokhoza pakuwapatsa mfundo zina zomwe zingawafikitse ku yankho lokhoza. Yambani ndi zomwe akuzidziwa kale. Apatseni mfundo zowathandiza kumvetsa zomwe akuphunzirazo. Mwa chitsanzo, ophunzira yemwe awerengamawu woti “ ana” ngati “ano” auzidwe kuti “Wakhoza liwu loyambalo. Tsopano tiye tiwone mbali yotsalayo.” Kapena mwana yemwe waloza cholembera chofiira ndi kunena kuti “cholembera chobiriwira” auzidwe kuti, “wakhoza”. Ichi ndi cholembera. Koma sichobiriwira. Ungakumbukire kuti umenewu ndi mtundu wanji?

Kuphunzira m’magulu Kuphunzira m’magulu kumatanthauza kuchitira zinthu limodzi. Ntchito ya m’magulu imapatsa ophunzira mwayi ochita ntchito limodzi ndi anzawo a m’kalasi lawo mu nthawi yochepa. Ntchito ya awiriawiri ndi m’magulu imapereka mwayi kuti ophunzira aliyense akhale ndi mwayi otengapo mbali pa ntchito yomwe akuphunzira kwinaku akuthandizidwa komanso anzawo akuwayamikira pamene achita bwino. Ophunzira omwe ndi anzeru kwambiri atha kumathandiza anzawo a nzeru zochepera kwinaku nawonso kupititsa luso lawo pa tsogolo. Kuphunzira pa gulu kumakuthandizani kuphunzitsa kalasi la ophunzira ambiri ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ophunzira onse akutenga mbali.

Gawo lachisanu n’chiwiri Kuyesa ophunzira nthawi iliyonse njira zothandiza kudziwa ngati ophunzira amva Kuunika ntchito ya tsiku ndi tsiku sikufunikira kulembetsa kapena kupereka mayeso ayi. Muyerera kumaona momwe ophunzira akuchitira ndi kufunsa timafunso apo ndi apo. Zina mwa zomwe mungachite ndi izi: Yang’anani ndi kumvetsera. Mvetserani ndi kuona momwe ophunzira akuchitira, m’magawo onse a Mphunzitsi; Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira; ndi Ophunzira. Mgawo la Mphunzitsi muziyang’ana ophunzira ndi kudzifunsa: Kodi ophunzira akutsatira ndi kuyang’ana zomwe ndi kuchita kapena ayi. Kodi ali ndi chidwi pa zomwe ndikuchita? (Ngati yankho lanu ndi ayi dzifunseni kuti: Kodi ndingachite chiyani kuti akhale ndi chidwi pa zomwe ndikuchita?) Kodi akusonyeza kuti akumva zomwe ndikuchitazo, pochita zina mwa izi: kugwedeza mutu, kumwetulira ndi zina. (Ngati siziri choncho, muyenera kufotokozanso ntchitoyo koma mu njira ina, muyangane m’mbuyo ndikuona pomwe payambira vutoli.)

Pa gawo la Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira, yang’anani ndi kumvetsera zomwe ophunzira akuchita ndi kudzifunsa nokha kuti: Kodi ophunzira onse akutengambali kapena ena angokhala. Kodi akuyankha mwa mphamvu, kapena akuyankha mokayika, kudikira kuti amvere mayankho kwa anzawo, akuyankha molondola (ngati siziri choncho, athandizeni). Ngati mwaona kuti ophunzira sakuchita bwino, mukhoza kuwonjezera nthawi mpaka ophunzira atadziwa zoyenera kuchita.

Pa gawo la Ophunzira yang’anani ndi kumvetsera mwatcheru zomwe ophunzira akuchita. Onani ophunzira omwe akutsatira malangizo ndi omwe sakutsatira. Muonetsetse kuti ophunzira aliyense akutenga mbali pa ntchitoyo. Ngati akuchita ntchito ya m’magulu kapena awiriawiri, yenderani ndi

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kumvetsera zomwe akuchita. Yamikirani pamene akuchita bwino, konzani zomwe sakuchita bwino ndi kuyankha mafunso omwe angakhale nawo).

Yang’anani zomwe akulephera A phunzitsi, chidwi chanu chikhale pa zomwe ophunzira akulephera. Kuzindikira zomwe ophunzira akulephera kumakuthandizani kudziwa momwe mungawathandizire. Mwa chitsanzo, ngati ophunzira awerenga ‘wo’ ngati ‘wa’ zikukudziwitsani kuti waphunzira zina zokhudzamalembo monga 1) akudziwa kulumikiza malembo ndi kupanga phatikizo, 2) akuzindikira lembo la w ndi liwu lake, ndi 3) akudziwa kuti lembo la chiwiri ndi lembo la liwu limodzi. Ophunzira akhoza kusokoneza malembo a o ndi a chifukwa amaoneka mofanana. Musadandaule ndi zimenezi koma inu muone zomwe akuchita bwino. Kenaka muwathandize pa zomwe zikuwavuta (mwachitsanzo kusiyana kwa o ndi a.)

Kuunika ntchito ya ophunzira ya tsiku ndi tsiku Kudziwa zomwe ophunzira angathe kuchita ndi zomwe sangathe ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri m’phunziro lowerenga. Zotsatira za kuunika phunziro zidzakuthandizani kukonzekera ntchito yogwirizana ndi nzeru komanso zofuna za ophunzira aliyense. PaMathero pa phunziro lililonse, unikirani momwe phunzirolo layendera. Mafunso ali m’bokosimu akuthandizani kuunikira momwe phunziro layendera. Mafunso ounikira mmene phunziro layendera:

Ndamanga

Kumapeto kwa phunziro lililonse, yankhani mafunso awa mu buku lanu: 1 Ndi ophunzira angati kapena ndi pafupifupi ophunzira angati akwaniritsa zizindikiro

zakakhozedwe za phunziroli? 2 Ndi zizindikiro ziti zakakhozedwe zomwe ophunzira sanakwaniritse? 3 Ndichitapo chiyani kuti ophunzira onse akwaniritse zizindikiro zakakhozedwezi?

Tsiku lililonse, muzilemba Ndamanga ya phunziro m’kope lanu. Ndamanga ya tsiku ndi tsiku ndi yofunikira kwambiri chifukwa imakuthandizani m’maphunziro otsatira komanso momwe mungasankhire ntchito yofunika kubwereza pa mapeto a sabata. Muyenera kupanga chiganizo cha zoyenera kubwereza pa Phunziro 9 ndi Phunziro 10 pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zomwe munalemba pa sabata yonse. Mu Phunziro 9, chiganizo chounikira phunziro chili motere:

Izi ndi zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za Phunziro 1 mpaka Phunziro 4 m’sabatayi. Kutengera ndi mmene mwaonera m’maphunziro amenewa, sankhani zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe ophunzira ambiri sanakwaniritse ndikubwereza phunziro lake potsatira zomwe munalemba mu Ndamanga yanu pa Phunziro 1 mpaka Phunziro 4. Mutha kubwereza phunziro lonse kapena kubwereza ntchito zina za m’phunziroli mmene takambira kuchiyambi cha bukuli.

Muyenera kupanga chiganizo cha zoyenera kubwereza pa Phunziro 10 pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zomwe munalemba pa sabata yonse. Mu Phunziro 10, chiganizo chounikira phunziro chili motere:

Izi ndi zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za Phunziro 5 mpaka Phunziro 8 m’sabatayi. Kutengera ndi mmene mwaonera m’maphunziro amenewa, sankhani zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe ophunzira ambiri sanakwaniritse ndikubwereza phunziro lake potsatira zomwe munalemba mu Ndamanga yanu pa Phunziro 5 mpaka Phunziro 8. Mutha kubwereza phunziro lonse kapena kubwereza ntchito zina za m’phunziroli mmene takambira kuchiyambi cha bukuli.

xvi

Gawo lachisanu n’chitatu Njira zophunzitsira zosiyanasiyana

A Chitani masewera a chala m’mwamba/chala pansi ndi mawu omwe akuyamba ndi lembo lililonse mwa malembo omwe adaphunzira kale.

B Bwerezani ndi makadi a malembo omwe adaphunzira kale pogwiritsa ntchito makadi a mawu (Kapena kulemba malembo pa bolodi.) Onetsani kapena lozani lembo limodzi pa nthawi ndi kufunsa ophunzira kuti awerenge kalasi lonse, m’magulu ndi mmodzimmodzi.

C Kusankha makadi a malembo. Ophunzira asankhe makadi a malembo omwe adaphunzira kale (aakulu ndi aang’ono) molingana ndi maonekedwe: ozungulira, amizere yoongoka, aatali, aafupi, otsika mmunsi ndi ena otero. Funsani ophunzira kuti atchule dzina la lembo lililonse kapena liwu lake.

D Sewero la dzina lako ndani? Gwiritsani ntchito mayina oyamba a ophunzira ndi kuwafunsa kuti atchule lembo kapena liwu loyamba m’mawu. Muzisinthasintha mayina a atsikana ndi anyamata omwe.

E Sewero la mawu omwe akuyamba ndi… Gawani ophunzira m’magulu awiri kapena kuposerapo. Lembani pabolodi lembo limodzi lomwe adaphunzira kale. Kapena muthanso kupereka lembo limodzi pa gulu. Gulu lililonse liganizire mawu omwe akuyamba ndi lembo lomwe lapatsidwa. Lembani mawu omwe atchulidwa pa bolodi kuti asabwerezedwe. Gulu lizipeza pointi imodzi pa mawu aliwonse olondola omwe atchulidwa.

F Chitani masewera osankha zithunzi, zinthu kapena mawu pogwiritsa ntchito liwu loyamba.

Makadi a zithunzi: Pezani (mutha kuwauza ophunzira kuti abweretse) zithunzi kuchokera m’mamagazini, nyuzipepala kapena mabuku ena omwe mungawapeze. Mukhozanso kuwatuma ophunzira kuti ajambule zithunzi zogwirizana ndi mawu omwe ali mu nkhani yongomvetsera kapena mabuku ena. Sankhani zithunzi zomwe mayina ake akuyamba ndi liwu lomwe adaphunzira kale. (Mukamaliza kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi, zisungeni mosamala kuti mudzazigwiritsenso ntchito mtsogolo. Uzani ophunzira kuti asankhe chithunzi ndi kuchifananitsa ndi liwu loyamba la dzina la chithunzichi. Mwa chitsanzo, ophunzira akhoza kuika chithunzi cha tomato mmunsi mwa lembo la t, chithunzi cha mwantche mmunsi mwa malembo a mw. Ophunzira akhoza kuchita ntchito iyi kalasi lonse, koma ngati zithunzi ndi zokwanira, ophunzira akhoza kuchita ntchitoyi m’magulu kapenanso awiriawiri. Ophunzira atha kumasinthana zithunzi kuti apitirize ntchitoyi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zenizeni: Chitani ngati momwe munachitira ntchito ya mmwambayo koma mugwiritse ntchito zinthu zenizeni monga ziwiya, zinthu za mkalasi monga miyala, masamba, zitsekero za mabotolo, timitengo, ulusi, zikwama, mapensulo. Gwiritsani ntchito makadi powerenga mawu omwe adaphunzira kale.

Kugwiritsa ntchito makadi: Chitani chimodzimodzi ngati m’mwambamu koma tsopano mugwiritse ntchito makadi a mawu omwe aphunzira kale kuchokera mu nkhani zopezeka m’buku mwawo.

G Masewero a Kulekanitsa maphatikizo. Tchulani phatikizo. Ophunzira atchule maliwu omwe akupanga phatikizolo. Mwachitsanzo, phatikizo ndi ‘su’ ophunzira anena ‘/s/ ndi /u/’.

H Masewera a Kusintha maliwu. mwa chitsanzo, phatikizo ndi ‘ku’ sinthitsani liwu loyamba ndi /t/, mupanga phatikizo la... (Ophunzira ayankha ‘tu’.) “tsopano phatikizo ndi ‘tu’. Sinthani liwu lotsiriza ndi /a/, mupanga phatikizo la …?” (Ophunzira ayankha ‘ta’.)

I Chitani matchuliro a maliwu (kapena dzina la lembo). Sankhani malembo omwe ophunzira adaphunzira kale. Tchulani liwu (kapena) dzina la lembo ndipo ophunzira alembe lembo loimira liwulo. Zungulirani m’kalasi kuti muone zomwe ophunzira alemba ndi kuthandiza omwe zikuwavuta. Lembani lembo lolondola pa bolodi kuti ophunzira afananitse ndi zomwe analemba.

J Pangani buku la zithunzi. Poyamba, funsani ophunzira kuti abwereze kutchula mawu omwe ali ndi lembo lomwe lasankhidwa. Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti alembe lembolo pa tsamba limodzi la

Kuzindikira maliwu a malembo

xvii

m’kope mwawo ndi kujambula zinthu zomwe mayina ake ammayamba ndi liwu la lembo losankhidwalo.

K Masewero asaka ndi kupeza malembo. 1 Sankhani lembo lomwe mugwiritse ntchito. Muthanso kuuza ophunzira kuti asankhe khadi la

lembo kuchokera pa malembo omwe adaphunzira kale. Onetsani khadi la lembo ku kalasi lonse kapena mulembe lembo pa bolodi.

2 Funsani ophunzira kuti atsegule tsamba lomwe pali ziganizo (m’chithunzi cha mbalame) m’buku la ophunzira pa mutu omwe adaphunzira kale komanso mutaphunzitsa kale lembo losankhidwa lija. (Mwa chitsanzo, ngati mwaphunzitsa Mutu 10 ndipo lembo linaphunzitsidwa mu Phunziro 7, gwiritsani ntchito tsamba lililonse kuyambira mutu 8 mpaka 10.)

3 Uzani ophunzira kuti, “Tichita masewera osaka malembo kuti tione kuti kodi lembo limene tinasankha likupezeka kangati.”

4 Pamene ophunzira akupeza kuchuluka kwa lemboli pa okha, lembani nkhani pa bolodi. 5 Ophunzira akamaliza kuwerenga kuchuluka kwa malembo, afunseni kuti kodi lemboli

analipeza kangati pamene amawerenga. Lembani mayankho pabolodi. 6 Uzani ophunzira mmodzi kuti abwere kutsogolo ndi kudzazunguza lembo losankhidwa lija mu

nkhani yomwe ili pa bolodi. 7 Werengani ndi kupeza kuchuluka kwa lembo losankhidwa limodzi ndi kalasi lonse.

A Bwerezani kuwerenga maphatikizo omwe adaphunzira kale kuchokera pa makadi kapena pa bolodi. Ngati ophunzira akulephera kuwerenga phatikizo, athandizeni kugawa phatikizolo kukhala maliwu kenaka aphatikizenso maliwuwo kukhala phatikizo monga momwe amachitira akamawerenga phatikizo latsopano.

B Sewero losinthasintha maliwu ndi malembo. Kugwiritsa ntchito makadi kapena bolodi. Makadi a mawu: Apatseni ophunzira makadi a malembo (ena akhale malembo a maliwu a

mtsekanjira ndipo ena akhale a liwu la mtsekulanjira. Ophunzira awiri abwere kutsogolo ndi kuyimirira moyandikana. Mmodzi wa ophunzirawa anyamule lembo la liwu la mtsekulanjira ndipo wina anyamule lembo la liwu la mtsekanjira. Mmodzi wa ophunzirawa anyamule lembo la liwu la mtsekulanjira ndipo wina anyamule lembo la liwu la mtsekanjira. Kenaka funsani ophunzira onse omwe ali ndi lembo la liwu la mtsekulanjira kuti ayimirire kumbuyo kwa ophunzira yemwe wanyamula lembo la liwu la mtsekulanjira; ophunzira onse omwe ali ndi lembo la liwu la mtsekanjira, ayimirire kumbuyo kwa ophunzira yemwe wanyamula lembo la liwu la mtsekanjira. Ophunzira awiri oyamba pamnzerepo ayike malembo awo pamodzi ndipo kalasi lonse liwerenge phatikizo lomwe lapangidwalo. Kenaka, ophunzira mmodzi pa awiriwo achokepo ndipo pabwere mnzake wapambuyo pake yemwe ali ndi lembo losiyana. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge phatikizo lomwe lapangidwalo. Pitirizani kusintha lembo la liwu la mtsekulanjira kapena lembo la liwu la mtsekanjira kuti mupange maphatikizo ena. Ngati ophunzira akulephera kutchula phatikizolo, bwerezani kuwerenga maphatikizo motere: funsani ophunzira kuti aliyense aziyamba watchula liwu la lembo lomwe watenga, kenaka ayike malembowo pamodzi ndi kuwerenga. Ngati mufuna kuchita seweroli mofulumira, aphunzitsi muzionetsa makadi a malembo a liwu la mtsekulanjira ndi makadi a malembo a liwu la mtsekanjira) mosinthasintha. Pa bolodi: Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito bolodi, lembani phatikizo pa bolodi ndi kumasinthasintha kufufuta lembo la liwu la mtsekulanjira kapena lembo la liwu la mtsekanjira.

C Sewero la kupanga maphatikizo ndi makadi. Ophunzira akhale awiriawiri kapena mtimagulu. Gulu lililonse mulipatse makadi a malembo omwe adaphunzira kale. Auzeni kuti apange mawu osiyanasiyana ndi malembo omwe apatsidwa. Kenaka ophunzira awerenge maphatikizo omwe apanga mokweza.

D Matchuliro a maphatikizo. Sankhani maphatikizo omwe ophunzira adaphunzira kale. Tchulani phatikizo, ophunzira alembe m’makope awo. Zungulilani ndi kuona mayankho awo ndi kuthandiza

Kuwerenga maphatikizo

xviii

omwe zinawavuta. Lembani yankho lolondola pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira afananitse ndi phatikizo lomwe analemba.

A Bwerezani kuwerenga mawu kuchokera pa makadi kapena bolodi. Ngati ophunzira akukanika kuwerenga ndi mawu amodzi omwe, athandizeni kugawa mawuwo kukhala maphatikizo ndi kuwalumikizanso kupanga mawu atsopano.

B Kusintha maphatikizo kupanga mawu. Mwachitsanzo; Nenani kuti, “mawu ndi kuma. Sinthani phatikizo loyamba ndi kuikapo ‘lo’, Mwapanga mawu anji? (Ophunzira ayankha ‘loma.’) “Muli ndimawu woti ’loma’. Sinthani phatikizo lomaliza kuti likhale ni, mwapanga mawu anji? (Ophunzira ayankha ‘loni’.) Chidziwitso: Musavutike kuti mawu onse akhale atanthauzo.

C Kupanga maphatikizo kugwiritsa ntchito makadi kapena bolodi. Chitani chimodzimodzi ngati masewera a kupanga maphatikizo malembo kupatulapo kugwiritsa ntchito makadi kupanga ndi kusintha mawu. Chidziwitso: Ngakhale ndi kololedwa kupanga mawu opanda tanthauzo, yesetsani kupanga mawu atanthauzo. Kuti ntchito ikhale yovutirapo: pangani mawu okhala ndi maphatikizo atatu kapena kupitirirapo, nthawi ina kusintha phatikizo loyamba, nthawi ina lomaliza.

D Kupanga mawu ndi makadi a maphatikizo. Ophunzira akhale awiriawiri kapena m’magulu ndipo gulu lililonse likhale ndi makadi a maphatikizo osiyanasiyana. Ophunzira apange mawu pakulumikiza maphatikizo osiyanasiyana. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mokweza mawu omwe apanga.

E Kupanga ziganizo ndi makadi a mawu. Ophunzira akhale awiriawiri kapena m’magulu. Gulu lililonse likhale ndi makadi a mawu osiyanasiyana omwe angapange chiganizo chachifupi. (Ziganizozi zikhoza kukhala zosiyana ndi zomwe ziri pa gawo la mbalame pa mutu umenewu kapena wa m’mbuyo m’buku lawo). Ophunzira alumikize makadi a mawu ndi kupanga chiganizo. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge chiganizo chomwe apanga.

F Kusankha ndi kuika mawu m’magulu. Ophunzira akhale awiriawiri kapena m’magulu. Gulu lililonse likhale ndi mndandanda wa mawu (mawu omwe akugwiritsa ntchito malembo omwe adaphunzira kale) kapena makadi a mawu. Asankhe ndi kuika mawu m’magulu motsatira zitsanzo zili mmunsizi:

Liwu loyamba/mndandanda wa malembo Kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo Mphatikira m’mbuyo, thunthu, kapena mphatikira mtsogolo ofanana Chimodzi kapena zambiri kapena zonse

G Kumanga khoma la mawu. Sankhani mawu awiri kufikira asanu ofunika, omwe akupezeka kawirikawiri komanso omwe malembo ake ophunzira aphunzira kale kuchokera pa phunziro lililonse pasabata. (Chitsanzo, sankhani mawu kuchokera m’chithunzi cha tambala kapena cha mbalame) Lembani mawuwa pa pepala kapena pa pepala la chikatoni m’malembo owoneka patali. Muthanso kusankha ophunzira odziwa kulemba kuti alembe mawuwa. Pachikani mawuwa pa khoma la mawu (pepala kapena chikatoni chachikulu chomwe mwakonzeratu) motsatira mndandanda wa malembo (alifabeti), kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo (kutalika kwa mawu) kapena a matanthauzo ofananiranako. Bwerezani kuwerenga mawu a mmasabata a m’mbuyo molondola limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mwachitsanzo, “Amama, a – ma – ma, amama!” Muthanso kufunsa ophunzira m’modzimmodzi kuti awerenge mawu kuchokera pa khoma la mawu mokweza ndi mofulumira.

H Lembetso la mawu. Sankhani mawu omwe malembo ake adaphunzira kale. Tchulani mawu amodzi pa nthawi ndipo ophunzira alembe m’makope mwawo. Yenderani kuti muone mayankho awo. Pamapeto, lembani yankho lolondola pa bolodi kuti ophunzira afananitse ndi mayankho awo.

Kuwerenga mawu

xix

A Ophunzira achite ntchito imodzi kapena zingapo pogwiritsa ntchito nkhani zomwe ziri m’buku la ophunzira (pafupi ndi mbalame) kapena nkhani za m’mabuku oonjezera.

Kuwerenga kalasi lonse. Kuwerengaku kukufanana ndi “mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira” Pa gawo ili mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira amawerenga nkhani onse limodzi mokweza. Ophunzira amatsatira momwe mphunzitsi akuwerengera mofulumira ndi mosadodoma.

Kuwerenga kwa awiriawiri. Ophunzira amawerenga awiriawiri. Iwo akhoza kuwerenga limodzi kapena kumasinthanasinthana. Ngati zingatheke ikani ophunzira odziwa kuwerenga ndi yemwe zimamuvutirapo kuti azithandizana.

Kuwerenga monong’ona. Ophunzira akamayamba kuwerenga, amalephera kuwerenga mwachinunu. M’malo mwake iwo amawerenga monong’ona (kuwerenga motsitsa zomwe angamve iwo eni kapena nzawo yemwe ali pafupi).

B Kutchula mayina a malembo (maliwu / maphatikizo) mofulumira. Lembani bokosi la malembo osiyanasiyana pa bolodi. Uzani ophunzira kuti atchulemayina a malembo (maliwu kapena maphatikizo) mofulumira m’magulu ndi mmodzimmodzi mofulumira. Atha kutchula dzina la lembo kapena liwu lake. (Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito wotchi ngati muli nayo kuti muone kuchuluka kwa mayina kapena maliwu omwe angatchule pa mphindi imodzi. Alimbikitseni kuti nthawi zonse aziyesetsa kuchula mayina ndi maliwu ochuluka pa mphindi imodzi. Mutha kuchitanso chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo. Cholinga ndi chakuti awonjezere kufulumira komanso kulondola.

Kumvetsa nkhani Kuwerenga ndi kumvetsera

Kuwerenga ndi kumvetsa nkhani

Kubwereza kuwerenga momvetsa nkhani. Onani chithunzi kuti mulosere zomwe nkhani ikunena. Pezani mawu omwe mukuwadziwa m’chiganizo (monga mawu opezeka kawirikawiri) Werengani kawiri mawu kapena chiganizo kuti muone ngati tanthauzo lake ndi lomveka bwino. Bwerezani njira zophunzitsira kuwerenga monga kuona lembo loyamba kuti lithandize kudziwa

mawuwo kapena kugawa mawu kukhala maphatikizo Kuwerenga ndi kumvetsera nkhani Chidwi chanu chikhale pa zinthu (mfundo) zopezekapezeka m’nkhani. Bwerezani kuwerenga nkhani kapena kuwerenga mokweza nkhani ya mutu wa m’mbuyo. Funsani ophunzira kuti apeza mwininkhani, atengambali, malo omwe kunachitikira, kukuchitikira kapena kudzachitikira nkhani, zochitika zikuluzikulu za m’nkhani, kayalidwe ka zochitika m’nkhani (choyamba, chachiwiri, chomaliza) kapena vuto ndi kuthetsa kwake (ngati n’koyera). Kambiranani ndi ophunzira kapena gwiritsani ntchito kalozera wa mfundo ali m’munsiyi:

Kayalidwe ka zochitika m’nkhani

Muthanso kusankha kuona nfundo imodzi kapena zambiri ndi kuafananitsa kapena kusiyanitsa nkhani ziwiri zomwe ophunzira anawerenga m’mbuyomu mokambirana kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mawu, zithunzi kapena mabokosi ngati awa:

(lembani kapena jambulani zomwe

zinachitika koyambirira)


zinachitika pakatikati)


zinachitika pomaliza)

Kuwerenga ziganizo mosadodoma ndi mofulumira

xx

Bokosi losiyanitsa kapena kufananitsa zinthu

Nkhani Atengambali Malo ochitikira nkhani Yoyamba Mary, amayi kumunda Yachiwiri Mphatso, ana ena kusukulu

Mfundo zina zothandiza pamene mukuphunzitsa chiyankhulo ndi mawu achilendo.

A Kupatsa ophunzira mpata woyankhula. Perekani mpata oyankhula kwa ophunzira m’njira izi; Thandizani ophunzira kupeza mayankho a mafunso awa: ndani, chiyani, liti, kuti, chifukwa ndi mwa njira yotani? Gwiritsani ntchito mawu atsopano pamene mungathe kutero. Onetsetsani kuti mukupereka mwayi woyankhula kwa atsikana ndi anyamata omwe.

Kufotokoza nkhani: Ophunzira afotokoze nkhani, kuchokera pa zithunzi za m’buku, zomwe akuganiza kapena zomwe amakumana nazo tsiku ndi tsiku.

Ndondomeko: Ophunzira afotokoze ndondomeko yochitira zinthu zomwe amazidziwa.

Kuika zinthu m’magulu, Kufananitsa ndi kusiyanitsa zinthu: Ophunzira aike zinthu m’magulu, afananitse ndi kusiyanitsa zinthu monga anthu, malo, zinthu, zochitika.

Kufotokoza: Ophunzira afotokoze za munthu, malo kapena zinthu. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira sakugwiritsa ntchito mawu onyoza pamene akufotokoza za atsikana, amayi ndi magulu ena a anthu omwe angakhale ndi zilema. Mukhozanso kuwauza ophunzira kuti ajambule ndi kufotokoza zomwe ajambulazo.

Zinthu zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira zake: Ophunzira afotokoze zinthu zomwe zinayambitsa nkhani ndi zotsatira zake.

Maganizo a owerenga: Ophunzira afotokoze maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe amva kapena awerenga. Anene zomwe akuganiza, momwe akumvera molingana ndi nkhaniyo

Kufufuza: Limbikitsani ophunzira kufunsa mafunso pa nkhani yomwe amva kapena kuwerenga. (Mafunso akhoza kukhala omwe akudziwa kale mayankho ake kapena omwe sakuwadziwa.)

B Kufotokoza nkhani yomwe amva mwachidule/ kuyeserera zochitika mu nkhani yomwe amva. Kufotokoza nkhani yomwe amva mwachidule. Uzani ophunzira mmodzimmodzi kuti afotokoze mwachidule nkhani yomwe amva. Kuyeserera zochitika mu nkhani yomwe amva. Uzani opnzira kuti ayeserere kusonyeza magawo ena ateangambali kuchokera pa nkhani yomwe amva.

Mawu a chilendo:

A Kuzukuta mawu. Perekani zitsanzo za mawu, maonekedwe ake, fananitsani ndi kusiyanitsa mawuwa ndi mawu ena, gwiritsani ntchito mawuwa mziganizo, Kambiranani momwe tanthauzo lake lingasinthire nziganizo zosiyanasiyana.

Chiyankhulo ndi mawu atsopano

Chinthu chosiyana ndi zinzake m’nkhani yoyamba

Chinthu chosiyana

ndi zinzake m’nkhani yachiwiri

Zinthu zofanana

nkhani yoyamba

ndi yachiwiri

xxi

B Kuchita masewero a mawu. Ophunzira atha kuchita masewerewa ngati kalasi lonse kapena m’magulu ang’onoang’ono.

Kugwiritsa ntchito ziwalo za thupi poyankhula. Sonyeza tanthauzo la mawu pogwiritsa ntchito ziwalo za thupi koma osayankhula. (Mutha kusonyeza kutulutsa mawu ngati kukuwa koma osanena mawu.) Ophunzira amaganizira tanthauzo la mauwo. Ophunzira atha kumasinthana kusonyeza matanthauzo amawu omwe mungawauze mowanong’oneza ndipo ophunzira ena azinena matanthauzo matanthauzo ake. Kusonyeza tanthauzo la mawu pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi. Masewerawa ndi chimodzomodzi ndi masewera oyamba aja koma m’malo mosonyeza tanthauzo la mawu, mumajambula chithunzi pa bolodi. Ophunzira amaganizira mawu omwe chithunzicho chikuimira. Muthanso kufunsa ophunzira mmodzimmodzi kujambula chithunzi cha mawu omwe mwamunong’oneza pa bolodi kuti ophunzira anzake mkalasimo aganizire ndi kunena tanthauzo la mawuwo.

C Ndikuganizira mawu. Kugwiritsa ntchito mawu amodzi kuchokera mu nkhani zomwe ophunzira awerenga m’sabatayi, sabata ya m’mbuyo kapena mawu amodzi kuchokera pa chipupa cha mawu, mphunzitsi anena kuti, “Ndikuganizira mawu.” Ophunzira azifunsa mafunso omwe mayankho ake ndi eya kapena ayi mpaka atatchula mawuwo. Mwa chitsanzo, mafunso akhoza kukhala “Kodi ndi chinthu kapena ntchito?” “Kodi ndi chachikulu kapena chaching’ono?” “Kodi chimachitika kumunda?” ndi mafunso ena.

Kulemba mwaluso

Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe chimodzi kapena kupitirirapo mwa zinthu izi zomwe adaphunzira kale kuchokera m’buku la ophunzira.Zitchetche kapena malembo aakulu ndi aang’ono; Maphatikizo; Mawu; Ziganizo. (Poonjezera pa kulemba m’makope, ophunzira atha kumasinthana kulemba pa bolodi kapena pansi.) Muwapatse nkhani zomwe ziri ndi malembo okhawo omwe adaphunzira kale mkalasi. Uzani ophunzira kuti azitchula malembo monong’ona pamene akulemba. Uzani ophunzira kuti azitchula monong’ona malembo ndi maphatikizo pamene akulemba. Perekani ntchito kwa ophunzira mogwirizana ndi luso komanso nzeru zawo. Izi zitengera momwe ophunzira anu akhala akuchitira mmaphunziro olemba a m’mbuyo. Mutha kugawa ophunzira m’magulu ndi kuwapatsa ntchito zosiyana molingana ndi nzeru zawo. Uzani ophunzira omwe akulemba mawu ndi ziganizo, kuti ajambule chithunzi chosonyeza zomwe alemba mmunsi mwa chithunzicho.

Yenderani ndi kuona momwe ophunzira akugwirira pensulo, momwe akulembera komanso msinkhu wa malembo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akuwerengereni zomwe alemba.

Gawo lachisanu n’chinayi Ndondomeko yophunzitsira kuwerenga limodzi ndi ophunzira

Mphunzitsi

Kukonzekera musanayambe kuwerenga

Musanaphunzitse, konzekerani powerenga nkhaniyo ndi kusankha mawu achilendo atatu kapena anayi omwe ndi ofunika kumvetsa nkhaniyo, mawu omwe ophunzira sakuwadziwa kale kapena mawu omwe ophunzira angalephere kuwerenga.

1 Gawani mabukhu ankhaniyo kwa ophunzira kuti ophunzira akhale ndi mwayi owona nkhani yalembedwayo. N’kotheka kuti ophunzira atatu athe kumawerenga kuchokera pa bukhu limodzi chifukwa nkhaniyo yalembedwa ndi malembo aakulu bwino.

2 Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira onse atsegula pa tsamba lolondola la bukhulo.

xxii

Mphunzitsi ndi

ophunzira

1 Werengani mutu wa nkhaniyo kapena funsani ophunzira kuti awarenge mutu wa nkhaniyo.

2 Funsani ophunzira kuti akuuzeni zomwe akuona pa zithunzi za nkhaniyo.

3 Lolani ophunzira kuti alosere zomwe zichitike mu nkhaniyi kuchokera ku mutu wa nkhaniyo ndi zithunzi zomwe ziri mu nkhaniyo. Mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyo, kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe aloserazi.

4 Musanawerenge nkhaniyo, phunzitsani matanthauzo a mawu onse omwe mukuganiza kuti ophunizra sakuwadziwa. Mawu achilendowa asapitilile anayi.

5 Nenani kuti: Ndiwerenga nkhani. Ndikamawerenga, inu muzimvetsera mwatcheru ndi kumaloza chala chanu kunsi kwa mawu omwe ndikuwerenga m’buku lanu.

6 Werengani nkhaniyi moyenera kapena modekha bwino kuti ophunzira athe kutsatira komanso musawerenge pang’onopang’ono kwambiri kuti ophunzira asamvetse zomwe nkhaniyo ikukamba.

7 Mukatha kuwerenga, kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zinali zolondola kapena ayi.

8 Werenganiso nkhaniyi pamodzi ndi ophunzira.

9 Funsani funso limodzi kapena awiri kuti muone ngati ophunzira anamvetsa nkhaniyo.

10 Funsani magulu, ophunzira awiriawiri kapena mmodzimmodzi kuti awerenge nkhaniyo paokha mokweza. Ngati nkhaniyo ndi yayitali, funsani ophunzira osiyanasiyana kuti awerenge magawo osiyana siyana a nkhaniyo.

Ophunzira

1 Tsopano patsani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti awerengenso nkhaniyo paokha moyenera -mosafulumira kapena mochedwa kwambiri.

2 Popeza kuti ophunzira aziwerenga nthawi imodzi, chepetsani phokoso mkalasimo ndipo sonyezani kuwerenga motsitsa mawu. Sonyezani mmene angasinthile kuwerenga mokweza ndi kuwerenga motsitsa mawu.

3 Ophunzira akamawerenga, aphunizitsi yenderani kalasiyo ndi kuthandiza omwe akulephera.

4 Funsani ophunzira kuti apereke maganizo awo pa nkhani yomwe awerengayo. Ngati nkhaniyo inawasangalatsa, apereke chifukwa chake; ngati nkhaniyo siyinawasangalatse aprerekenso chifukwa chake.

e pag

MUTU 1 Phunziro 1

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MUTU 1 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva moni ayankha moni molondola apatsana moni molondola afotokoza zochitika m'phunziro la Chichewa Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, zithunzi zosiyanasiyana, zolembera, dongo, makope ndi mapensulo

Chiyambi (Mphindi 3)

Yambani phunziroli ndi chimodzi mwa izi: nyimbo kapena nthano yogwirizana ndi phunziroli.

Ntchito 1.1.1 Kupatsana moni (Mphindi 12)

Lero tiphunzira mmene tingapatsirane moni. Itanani ophunzira kutsogolo ndi kusonyeza mmene tingapatsirane moni molondola. Kenaka uzani ophunzira akhale awiriawiri ndipo apatsane moni. Yenderani ndi kuona kuti ophunzira akupatsana moni molondola. Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti apatsane moni anzawo akuona.

Ntchito 1.1.2 Kukambirana zochitika m'phunziro la chichewa (Mphindi 12)

Funsani ophunzira funso ili "Kodi mukuganiza kuti m'phunziro la Chichewa tiziphunzira chiyani?" Landirani mayankho alionse kuchokera kwa ophunzira. Kenaka fotokozani zomwe azichita m'phunziro la Chichewa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe mwabweretsa. Ntchito zina ndi izi: kuwerenga, kulemba, kuimba nyimbo, kujambula, kuumba, kunena kapena kumvera nthano, kuchita ntchito m’magulu, awiriawiri, mmodzimmodzi ndi zina. Nenani nthano ina iliyonse.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yodziwika m'deralo.

MUTU 1 Phunziro 2

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MUTU 1 Phunziro 2

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: agwira buku moyenera. atsekula buku moyenera aona zithunzi kuyambira kumanzere kupita kumanja Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Mabuku osiyanasiyana


Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo yogwirizana ndi phunziro.

Ntchito 1.2.1 Kugwira buku moyenera (Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tiphunzira kugwira buku moyenera. Gawani mabuku osiyanasiyana kwa ophunzira ndipo nenani kuti: Aliyense agwire buku motere. Sonyezani kagwiridwe ka buku koyenera. Uzani ophunzira onse achite chimodzimodzi. Yenderani ndi kuonetsetsa izi: ophunzira ayang'ane koyambirira kwa buku, asazondotse buku, asagwire cham’mbali.

Ntchito 1.2.2 Kutsekula buku koyenera (Mphindi 10)

Tsopano tiphunzira kutsekula buku koyenera. Yang'anani kuno, sonyezani kutsekula buku koyenera: Kuyambira koyambirira kwa buku, kutsekula tsamba limodzilimodzi, osagwiritsa ntchito malovu, osapinda buku, osapinda mapepala. Bwerezani kusonyezaku kenaka uzani ophunzira ayeserere zimenezi. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza omwe akulephera.

Ntchito 1.2.3 Kuona zithunzi (Mphindi 7)

Tsopano tiona zinthu zosiyanasiyana m’buku lathu. Uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule tsamba loyamba la buku. Funsani ophunzira zimene akuona. Pitirizani kutsogolera ophunzira kuona zithunzi kuchokera kumanzere kupita kumanja ndi kuchoka pamwamba kupita pansi. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akuona zithunzi kapena malembo kuchokera kumamzere kupita kumanja.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziro.

Ndamanga

Kumapeto kwa phunziro, yankhani mafunso awa mu buku lanu: 1 Ndi ophunzira angati kapena ndi pafupifupi ophunzira angati akwaniritsa zizindikiro


MUTU 1 Phunziro 3

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MUTU 1 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: azindikira buku la ophunzira afotokoza maonekedwe a buku la Chichewa Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira


Yambani phunziroli ndi nthano yaifupi.

Ntchito 1.3.1 Kuzindikira buku la ophunzira la chichewa (Mphindi 8)

Perekani mabuku kwa ophunzira. Tsogolerani ophunzira powafunsa mafunso monga Kodi bukuli ndi la mtundu wanji? Kodi mukuona chiyani m’chithunzi chomwe chili pa chikuto?

Ntchito 1.3.2 Kufotokoza za m’buku la ophunzira la chichewa (Mphindi 16)

Tsopano, tiyeni titsekule buku pa tsamba ili. Onetsani ophunzira tsamba 1. Yang’anani m’chithunzi. Kodi mukuonapo chiyani? Pitirizani mpaka tsamba 8. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe mukufuna adziwe monga zizindikiro zosonyeza ntchito zosiyanasiyana (nsomba, kalulu, tambala, mbalame, kamba).

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziro.

MUTU 1 Phunziro 4

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MUTU 1 Phunziro 4

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva moni ayankha moni molondola apatsana moni molondola Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira


Yambani phunziroli ndi nyimbo ya kupatsana moni.

Ntchito 1.4.1 Kukambirana za chithunzi (Mphindi 9)

Tsopano tikambirana za chithunzi. Titsekule mabuku a Chichewa pa tsamba 1. Sonyezani ophunzira tsamba loyenera. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe zikuchitika m’chithunzi. Mwachitsanzo: Kodi m’chithunzichi pali anthu angati? Kodi mtsikanayu akuchita chiyani? Kodi mumatani popereka moni kwa akulu?

Ntchito 1.4.2 Kupatsana moni (Mphindi 15)

Tsopano tiphunzira mmene tingapatsirane moni. Itanani wophunzira mmodzi kuti musonyeze kupatsana moni molondola. Ophunzira apatsane moni awiriawiri. Kenaka uzani ophunzira angapo kuti apatsane moni awiriawiri anzawo akuona. Pomaliza, kambiranani ndi ophunzira zimene ayenera kutsata kuti apereke moni molondola monga kugwada kapena kunjuta popereka moni mwaulemu kwa akulu.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo yotchula moni monga ‘Moni Alesi’.

Ndamanga



MUTU 1 Phunziro 5

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MUTU 1 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva mayina a zinthu zosiyanasiyana atchula mayina a zinthu zosiyanasiyana Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, zinthu zenizeni kapena zithunzi za zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga poto, khasu, sefa, makope ndi mapensulo


Tsopano tiimba nyimbo yotchula zinthu zosiyanasiyana za pakhomo monga Pakhomo pa munthu pafunika ziti?

Ntchito 1.5.1 Kutchula mayina a zinthu zosiyanasiyana (Mphindi 10)

Lero tiphunzira mayina a zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Poyamba ndikuonetsani zinthu zingapo ndi kutchula mayina ake. Kenaka titchula mayina a zithunzi limodzi. Pomaliza ndikuonetsani zinthu ndipo mutchula mayina ake nokha.

Onetsani zinthu kapena zithunzi za zinthu zosiyanasiyana ndipo tchulani dzina lake kawiri kapena katatu. Chinthu ichi ndi ... khasu, poto, chikho, sefa.

Tiyeni titchule pamodzi. Chinthu ichi ndi... khasu, poto, chikho, sefa.

Tsopano tchulani nokha chinthu ichi ndi… khasu. Pitirizani kuonetsa zinthu kapena kuloza zithunzi za zinthu zina patchati pamene ophunzira akutchula mayina ake mmodzimmodzi, awiriawiri, m’magulu, m’mizere, anyamata okha, atsikana okha kapena kalasi lonse.

Ntchito 1.5.2 Kukambirana za m’chithunzi (Mphindi 8)

Tsopano tikambirana za m’chithunzi. Titsekule mabuku pa tsamba 2. Sonyezani tsambali. Tchulani mayina a zinthu zomwe mukuziona pa tsambali.

Ntchito 1.5.3 Kukambirana matanthauzo a mawu (Mphindi 6)

Tsopano tikambirana matanthauzo a mawu. Nditchula mawu ndipo inu munene matanthauzo a mawuwo. Mawu ndi: khasu. Nenani kuti: khasu. Phunzitsani tanthauzo la mawu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana monga kufunsa ophunzira afotokoze ntchito ya zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Kodi khasu mumagwiritsa ntchito potani? Ophunzira apereka mayankho monga Khasu timalimira. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu ena monga sefa, chikho, ndi poto.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

phunzira aimbe nyimbo ya ‘Pakhomo pa munthu pafunika ziti’?

MUTU 1 Phunziro 6

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MUTU 1 Phunziro 6

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: aunika matanthauzo a mawu agwira pensulo ndi makope moyenera alemba zitchetche zandodo Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi; zitchetche zoimirira ndi zogona zolembedwa pa bolodi


Tsopano tibwereza kutchula mayina a zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Ntchito 1.6.1 Kuunikanso matanthauzo a mawu (Mphindi 6)

Tsopano tiunikanso matanthauzo a mawu. Mawuwa ndi khasu. Nenani kuti khasu. (Ophunzira anena kuti khasu.) Funsani ophunzira kuti atchule ntchito za khasu. Mwachitsanzo, kulimira, kupalira ndi kukumbira. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu ena monga sefa, chikho ndi poto.

Ntchito 1.6.2 Kugwira pensulo ndi makope moyenera (Mphindi 6)

Tsopano tiphunzira kugwira pensulo ndi kope moyenera. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akhala moyenera pamene akukonzekera izi. Yang’anani kuno: Sonyezani kagwiridwe ka pensulo. Uzani ophunzira agwire mapensulo awo moyenera ndipo aonetse. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza omwe akulephera. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi kagwiridwe ka kope.

Ntchito 1.6.3 Kulemba zitchetche zandodo (Mphindi 12)

Tsopano tiphunzira kulemba zitchetche zandodo zoimirira ndi zogona. Poyamba ndilemba zitchetchezi m’malere kuyamba ndi ndodo zoimirira kenaka ndodo zogona. Kenaka tilemba zitchetchezi tonse pamodzi m’malere kuyamba ndi zoimirira kenaka zogona. Pomaliza mulemba nokha zitchetchezi m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Ndilemba zitchetche zandodo zoimirira ndi zogona pa bolodi inu mukuona. Yang’anani kuno: IIIII. ___ ___ ___ Lembani zitchetche zoimirira m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi zitchetche zogona.

Tsopano tilemba zitchetchezi limodzi m’malere. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira alemba zitchetche zoimirira ndi zogona m’malere.

Tsopano lembani nokha zitchetche zandodo zoimirira ndi zogona m’makope mwanu. Thandizani ophunzira omwe akulephera komanso uzani ophunzira angapo kuti alembe zitchetchezi pa bolodi.

MUTU 1 Phunziro 6

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Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo ya kusukulu n’kwabwino taphunzira.

Ndamanga



MUTU 1 Phunziro 7

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MUTU 1 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva mayina a nyama zosiyanasiyana atchula mayina a nyama zosiyanasiyana Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira


Funsani ophunzira kuti atchule mayina a nyama zosiyanaziyana zomwe azidziwa.

Ntchito 1.7.1 Kutchula mayina a nyama zosiyanasiyana (Mphindi 10)

Lero tiphunzira mayina a nyama zosiyanasiyana. Poyamba ndikuonetsani zithunzi za nyama zingapo ndi kutchula mayina ake. Kenaka ndisonyezanso zithunzi za nyamazi ndipo titchula mayina ake limodzi. Pomaliza ndikuonetsani zithunzi za nyamazi ndipo mutchula mayina ake nokha. Titsekule mabuku athu a Chichewa pa tsamba 3.

Nditchula mayina a nyama zomwe tikuziona pa tsambali. Chithunzi choyamba ndi cha nyama yotchedwa galu. Bwerezani kawiri kapena katatu. Pitirizani ndi zithunzi zina… mphaka/chona, kamba, ndi kalulu.

Tiyeni titchule limodzi. Onani pa buku lanu. Chithunzi choyamba ndi cha nyama yotchedwa … galu. Pitirizani ndi zina monga mphaka/chona, kamba, ndi kalulu.

Tsopano tchulani nokha mayina a nyama za m’chithunzi. Uzani ophunzira kuti aloze chithuzi chimodzi pa nthawi ndipo atchule dzina la nyama yomwe ili m’chithunzipo.Uzani ophunzira achite chimodzimodzi ali awiriawiri.

Ntchito 1.7.2 Kujambula zithunzi za nyama zosiyanasiyana (Mphindi 14)

Tsopano tijambula chithunzi cha nyama. Sankhani nyama imodzi imene mukuidziwa ndipo mujambule chithunzi chake. Pomaliza muonetse mnzanu ndi kufotokoza za chithuzi cha nyama yomwe mwajambula.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Tsopano tichita masewero a kulira kwa nyama zosiyanasiyana monga kambuzi kali m’khonde.

MUTU 1 Phunziro 8

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MUTU 1 Phunziro 8

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: alemba zitchetche zandodo zopendeka

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, matchati


Ophunzira alembe zitchetche zoimirira ndi zogona m’malere.

Ntchito 1.8.1 Kuyesezera maliwu a nyama (Mphindi 5)

Tsopano tiyesezera kulira kwa nyama. Funsani ophunzira ayesezere kulira kwa nyama zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Mbuzi imalira: mee! mee! Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi nyama zina monga galu, tambala, fisi ndi mphaka.

Ntchito 1.8.2 Kulemba (Mphindi 20)

Tsopano tiphunzira kulemba zitchetche zopendeka. Poyamba ndilemba zitchetchezi m’malere. Kenaka tilemba zitchetchezi tonse pamodzi m’malere. Pomaliza mulemba nokha zitchetchezi.

Ndilemba zitchetche zandodo zopendeka pa bolodi inu mukuona. Yang’anani kuno: /// \\\. Lembani zitchetche zopendeka m’malere ndi pa bolodi.

Tsopano tilemba zitchetchezi limodzi m’malere. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira alemba zitchetche zopendeka m’malere.

Tsopano lembani nokha zitchetche zopendeka m’makope. Thandizani ophunzira omwe akulephera komanso uzani ophunzira angapo kuti alembe zitchetche zopendeka pa bolodi.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo ya kusukulu n’kwabwino taphunzira.

Ndamanga



MUTU 1 Phunziro 9 ndi 10

10


Phunziro 9 ndi 10 Izi ndi zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za sabata yonse. Kutengera ndi mmene mwaonera m’sabatayi, sankhani zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe ophunzira ambiri sanakwaniritse ndi kubwereza phunziro lake.

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Phunziro

Kupatsana moni; kukambirana zochitika mu phunziro la Chichewa

amva moni 1, 4

ayankha moni molondola 1, 4

apatsana moni molondola 1, 4

afotokoza zochitika m'phunziro la Chichewa 3

Kugwira ndi kutsekula buku moyenera

agwira buku moyenera. 2

atsekula buku moyenera. 2

aona zithunzi kuyambira kumanzere kupita kumanja 2

Kuzindikira bulu laophunzira

azindikira buku la ophunzira 3

afotokoza maonekedwe a buku la Chichewa 3

Kupatsana moni moyenera

amva moni 1, 4

ayankha moni molondola 1, 4

Kuzindikira mayina a zinthu zosiyanasiyana

amva mayina a zinthu zosiyanasiyana 5

atchula mayina a zinthu zosiyanasiyana 5

Kuunikanso matanthauzo a mawu

aunika matanthauzo a mawu 5

agwira pensulo ndi makope moyenera 6

alemba zitchetche zandodo 6

Kutchula mayina anyama zosiyanasiyana

amva mayina a nyama zosiyanasiyana 7

atchula mayina a nyama zosiyanasiyana 7

Kulemba zitchetche

alemba zitchetche zandodo zopendeka 8

MUTU 2 Phunziro 1 a A

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MUTU 2 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /a/ atchula liwu la /a/ alemba lembo la a

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, makope ndi mapensulo


Perekani moni kwa ophunzira. Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo iliyonse yomwe ophunzira akuidziwa. Uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 5 ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani m’chithunzipo. Kodi mukuonapo chiyani? Kambiranani mayankho a ophunzira.

Ntchito 2.1.1 Kuzindikira liwu latsopano (Mphindi 3)

Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 5. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa ana, ndipomawu woti ana amayamba ndi liwu la /a/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /a/. Poyamba nditchula liwu, kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /a/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Tsopano nditchula mawu. Ngati akuyamba ndi /a/ ndiloza chala m’mwamba ndipo ngati sakuyamba ndi /a/ ndiloza chala pansi. Mawu oyamba ndi ana. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /a/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ona. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /a/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /a/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Tsopano nditchula mawu. Ngati akuyamba ndi /a/ tiloze chala m’mwamba ndipo ngati sakuyamba ndi /a/ tiloze chala pansi. Mawu oyamba ndi ana. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /a/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ona. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /a/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi ena, inu, ndi anu.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /a/. Nditchula mawu, ngati akuyamba ndi /a/ muloze chala m’mwamba ndipo ngati sakuyamba ndi /a/ muloze chala pansi. Mawu oyamba ndi ana. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga ona, anu, onani, ina, ndi amama m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


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Ntchito 2.1.3 Kupeza ndi kutchula liwu la lembo (Mphindi 6)

Tipeza ndi kutchula liwu loyamba m’mawu. Poyamba nditchula ndekha kenaka titchulira limodzi. Pomaliza mutchula nokha.

Mawu oyamba ndi ana. Liwu loyamba ndi /a/. Mawu ena ndi ona. Liwu loyamba ndi /o/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi ana. Liwu loyamba ndi /a/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi ona, inu, ndi amama.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi ana. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga umu, atate, inu, ndi amama m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 2.1.4 Dzina la lembo latsopano (Mphindi 3)

Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la a pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi a. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira A wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani A wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi A wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 5. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?

Ntchito 2.1.5 Kulemba lembo (Mphindi 7)

Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la a. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la a ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la a wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la A wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la a wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la A wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la a m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la A wamkulu. Yenderani pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo iliyonse yowerenga a.

MUTU 2 Phunziro 2

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MUTU 2 Phunziro 2

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: alosera nkhani apereka matanthauzo a mawu atsopano amvetsera nkhani ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi; zipangizo zina zomwe zingathandize kuphunzitsa phunziroli


Kufunsa ophunzira kuti afotokoze za zinthu zimene makolo awo amawagulira.

Ntchito 2.2.1 Kulosera nkhani (Mphindi 3)

Tilosera nkhani. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Abambo Abwera.’ Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Tikudziwa chiyani za ...? Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikhoza kunenanso za chiyani. Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.

Ntchito 2.2.2 Kumvetsera nkhani (Mphindi 6)

Ayamikireni ophunzira omwe apereka maganizo awo ndi kunena kuti: Tsopano ndiwerenga nkhaniyi. Ndikamawerenga, muzimvetsera kuti tione ngati mayankho amene tinalosera aja ali olondola.

Kumbukirani kuwerenga nkhaniyi kawiri. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi. Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi nkhani yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti… (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi nkhani yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Akumbutseni kuti kulosera nkhani ndiponso kuona ngati kulosera kudali kolondola kumatithandiza kukhala tcheru ndi kumvetsa bwino nkhani.

Abambo abwera Abambo atabwera tonse tinathamanga. "Kaya andigulira chiyani?" Aliyense anadzifunsa. Nditafika pafupi ndinawapsopsona patsaya. "Ababa ndakulandirani kuno kumudzi," ndinatero. Eee! Ine andibweretsera nsapato. Kunamveka kuseka pwepwete. "Kodi chakudya chija chapsa?" amayi anafunsa. Bweretsani chakudya kuti bambo adye. Malita analiyatsa liwiro la kukhitchini. Akuthamanga anagwa. Anapweteka mwendo. Tinapita naye kuchipatala komwe analandira chithandizo.

MUTU 2 Phunziro 2

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Ntchito 2.2.3 Kupereka matanthauzo a mawu atsopano (Mphindi 10)

Mu nkhani ya Abambo abwera tinamva mawu atsopano. Mawu ndi thandizo, psopsona, ndi pwepwete. Tchulani nokha, pamodzi ndi ophunzira, kenaka ophunzira paokha. Mawu oyamba ndi ‘thandizo’ Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pophunzitsa mawuwa. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka. Uzani ophunzira tanthauzo la mawuwa ndi kukambirana nawo ngati akudziwa matanthauzo ena. Perekani ziganizo zosachepera ziwiri zokhala ndi mawuwa. Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti anene ziganizo zokhala ndi mawuwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: psopsona, pwepwete. Ndiwerenganso nkhaniyi ndipo mumvetserenso mawu atsopano amene tangophunzira aja. Imikani dzanja mukamva mawu atsopanowa. Mumvetserenso ngati muli mawu ena omwe tanthauzo lake simukulidziwa. Uzani ophunzira omwe apeza mawu ena omwe sakuwadziwa kuti amalizitse chiganizo ichi mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi: “Mawu amodzi omwe sindikuwadziwa mu nkhaniyi ndi …?” Kambiranani matanthauzo a mawu ena omwe ophunzira awatchule.

Ntchito 2.2.4 Kumvetsa nkhani (Mphindi 6)

Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani? 2 Kodi nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti? 3 Kodi chakusangalatsani mu nkhaniyi ndi chiyani?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani nyimbo yotchula maliwu omwe aphunzira kale.

Ndamanga




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MUTU 2 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga lembo la A wamkulu alemba lembo la a wamng’ono ndi wamkulu Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, makope ndi mapensulo


Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo iliyonse ya a.

Ntchito 2.3.1 Kuwerenga maphatikizo m’mawu (Mphindi 8)

Tiwerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo m’mawu. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndekha kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo m’mawu. Kenaka tiwerenga limodzi. Pomaliza muwerenga nokha.

Mawu ndi ababa. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: a – ba – ba. Mawu akuti ababa ali ndi maphatikizo atatu. Mawu ena ndi aba. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: a – na. Mawu akuti ana ali ndi maphatikizo awiri.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi ababa. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a ababa. Pitirizani ndi ake, amayi, ndi amakonda.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi ababa. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a ababa. Pitirizani ndi ana, atsikana, ndi agogo.

Ntchito 2.3.2 Kuwerenga (Mphindi 8)

Dzulo tidaphunzira liwu latsopano. Ndani angakumbukire liwu lomwe tidaphunzira dzulo? (Ophunzira ayankha kuti /a/.) Mwakhoza! Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /a/? …Alipo anakafunza makolo ake kuti amuuze mawu ena oyamba ndi liwu la /a/? (Ophunzira ayankha mosiyanasiyana.) Mwachita bwino! Ndani anganene dzina la lembo lomwe limamveka kuti /a/? (Ophunzira ayankha “a.”) Mwakhonza! Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 5. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la a pa tsambali. Tsopano tiwerenga lembo la A wamkulu. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndekha inu mukumvetsera. Kenaka tiwerenga limodzi. Pomaliza muwerenga nokha.

Lembani A wamkulu pa bolodi kapena onetsani pa khadi ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno. Uyu ndi A wamkulu. Bwerezani kuwerenga kangapo kuchokera pa bolodi ophunzira akumvetsera.


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Tsopano tiwerenga limodzi. Lozani A wamkulu pa bolodi kapena onetsani pa khadi ndi kunena kuti: Tiyeni tiwerenge limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga a. Bwerezani kuwerenga kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira.

Tsopano muwerenga nokha. Lozani A wamkulu pa bolodi kapena onetsani pa khadi ndipo ophunzira awerenge kuti a. Ophunzira awerenge ali m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi. Uzani ophunzira kuti atsegule buku lawo pa tsamba 5 pamene pali kalulu, aloze ndi kuwerenga a wamng’ono ndi A wamkulu.






Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo iliyonse yotchula a.


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MUTU 2 Phunziro 4

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: afotokoza zomwe akuona

m’chithunzi awerenga lembo la a aumba lembo la a

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Tchati la ziganizo, buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, makope ndi mapensulo, dongo.


Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a a.


Tiyeni titsekule buku lathu pa tsamba 5. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zikuchitika m’chithunzichi: Kodi pachithuzipo pali chiyani? Funsani mafunso ena othandiza ophunzira kufotokoza zomwe zikuchitika m’chithunzipo. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho awo.

Ntchito 2.4.2 Kutchula dzina la lembo (Mphindi 8)

Titchula dzina la lembo la a pa tsambali. Yang’anani pomwe pali kalulu. Lemboli ndi a. Tiyeni tiwerengere limodzi. Kenaka tchulani dzina la lemboli nokha. Tsopano titchula dzina la lembo la A wamkulu pa tsambali. Yang’anani pomwe pali kalulu. Lemboli ndi A ndipo amamveka chimodzimodzi ngati a wamng’ono. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Kenaka tchulani nokha. Mvetserani pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Uzani ophunzira kuti atchule dzina la lemboli m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 2.4.3 Kuumba lembo (Mphindi 5)

Tilemba lembo la a. Sonyezani aphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la a wamng’ono ndi A wamkulu. Umbani malembowa limodzi ndi ophunzira. Uzani ophunzira kuti aumbe okha a wamng’ono ndi A wamkulu. Yenderani ndi kuthandiza ophunzira omwe akulephera.





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Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira aonetse anzawo a yemwe aumba. Uzani ophunzira kuti akasambe m’manja.

Ndamanga



MUTU 2 Phunziro 5 n N

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MUTU 2 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /n/ atchula liwu la /n/ alemba lembo la n



Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo iliyonse yotchula a yomwe akuidziwa.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsambali. Auzeni kuti chithuzicho ndi cha nanazi, ndipomawu woti nanazi amayamba ndi liwu la /n/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /n/. Poyamba nditchula liwu, kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /n/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Tsopano nditchula mawu. Ngati akuyamba ndi /n/ ndiloza chala m’mwamba ndipo ngati sakuyamba ndi /n/ ndiloza chala pansi. Mawu oyamba ndi nanazi. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /n/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi amama. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /n/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /n/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Tsopano nditchula mawu. Ngati akuyamba ndi /n/ tiloze chala m’mwamba ndipo ngati sakuyamba ndi /n/ tiloze chala pansi. Mawu oyamba ndi nanazi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi amama. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi buku ndi nanu.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /n/. Mawu oyamba ndi nanazi. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga pensulo, nama, tebulo, ndi nambala m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


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Tsopano tipeza ndi kutchula liwu loyamba m’mawu. Poyamba nditchula ndekha kenaka titchulira limodzi. Pomaliza mutchula nokha.

Mawu oyamba ndi nanazi. Liwu loyamba ndi /n/. Mawu ena ndi ana. Liwu loyamba ndi /a/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi nanazi. Liwu loyamba ndi /n/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi ana, amama ndi nambala.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi nanazi. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga atate, nanu, nawo, ndi agogo m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la n pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi n. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira N wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani N wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi N wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 6. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la n. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la n ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la n wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la N wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la n wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la N wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la n m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la N wamkulu. Yenderani pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo iliyonse yotchula a ndi n.

MUTU 2 Phunziro 6

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MUTU 2 Phunziro 6


Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi; zipangizo zina zomwe zingathandize kuphunzitsa phunziroli.


Kuimba nyimbo iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziro.


Lero ndikuwerengerani nkhani yomwe mudamvetsera kale. Koma ndisanawerenge, tiunikanso matanthauzo amawu kuti timvetse nkhaniyi. Ndikuwerengerani nkhaniyi kenaka muyankha mafunso. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Abambo Abwera.’ Tsopano tikambirananso matanthauzo a mawu omwe tidakambirana kale. Mawuwa ndi thandizo. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu woti thandizo mu chiganizo chomwe chikupereka tanthauzo la mawuwo. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi psopsona, pwepwete. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawuwo.


Tsopano ndiwerenga nkhaniyi. Mvetserani mwatcheru chifukwa ndikufunsani mafunso.

Kumbukirani kuwerenga nkhaniyi kawiri. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.

Abambo abwera “Abambo abwera!” Tonse tinathamanga. “Kaya andigulira chiyani?” Aliyense anadzifunsa. Nditafika pafupi ndinawapsopsona patsaya. "Ababa ndakulandirani kuno kumudzi,” ndinatero. Eee! Ine andibweretsera nsapato. Kunamveka kuseka pwepwete. “Kodi chakudya chija chapsa?” amayi anafunsa. Bweretsani chakudya kuti bambo adye. Malita analiyatsa liwiro la kukhitchini. Akuthamanga anagwa. Anapweteka mwendo. Tinapita naye kuchipatala komwe analandira chithandizo.

MUTU 2 Phunziro 6

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Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Abambo anagula nsapato. Kodi mukadakhala inu makanagula chiyani? 2 Kodi inuyo choyamba kuchita chikadakhala chiyani, kudya chakudya ndi kupita ndi

Malita kuchipatala?

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira afotokoze nkhani yomwe awerenga mwachidule.

Ndamanga




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MUTU 2 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga phatikizo na awerenga mawu okhala ndi n alemba phatikizo la na



Bwerezani kutchula mawu okhala ndi malembo a n.



Mawu ndi nanazi. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: na – na – zi. Mawu okuti nanazi ali ndi maphatikizo atatu.

Mawu ena ndi uno. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: u – no. Mawu akuti uno ali ndi maphatikizo awiri.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi nanazi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a nanazi. Pitirizani ndi onani, nambala, ndi ina.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi nanazi. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a nanazi. Pitirizani ndi nanu, limene, nawo, ndi imani.

Ntchito 2.7.2 Kuunikanso liwu ndi dzina la lembo (Mphindi 2)

Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la n. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /n/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 6. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la n pa tsambali.

Ntchito 2.7.3 Kuwerenga maphatikizo (Mphindi 6)

Tiwerenga maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu omwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba nditchula liwu lililonse la phatikizo ndipo ndiwerenga phatikizolo. Kenaka tiwerenga limodzi. Pomaliza muwerenga nokha.

Lembani phatikizo la na pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /n/ – /a/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: na. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo.


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Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la na ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /n/ – /a/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo na.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la na. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /n/ – /a/ kenaka phatikizo la na.

Ntchito 2.7.4 Kuwerenga mawu (Mphindi 10)

Tiphunzira kuwerenga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito maphatikizo. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndekha. Kenaka tiwerenga limodzi. Pomaliza muwerenga nokha.

Lembani mawu woti ana pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: a – na. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: ana. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani ana pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: a – na kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: ana. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani ana pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: a – na kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: ana. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 6 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 2.7.5 Kulemba maphatikizo (Mphindi 5)

Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la n lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi n. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi na. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /n/ – /a/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi na. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti na. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere na.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi na. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira aimbe nyimbo iliyonse yotchula a ndi n.


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MUTU 2 Phunziro 8

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: afotokoza zomwe akuona m’chithunzi awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi

mawu okhala ndi n ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi n

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, makope ndi mapensulo.


Bwerezani ndi ophunzira kuwerenga lembo la a ndi n kuchokera pa makadi kapena pa bolodi.


Tiyeni titsekule buku lathu la Chichewa pa tsamba 6. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili pa chithunzichi: Kodi m’chithunzipa pali chiyani? Kodi m’chithunzipa pali nanazi zingati? Kodi ndani amene adadyapo nanazi? Fotokozani momwe nanazi imakomera. Funsani mafunso ena othandiza ophunzira kufotokoza zomwe zili m’chithunzipo. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho awo.

Ntchito 2.8.2 Kukonzekera kuwerenga (Mphindi 2)

Sonyezani ophunzira kawerengedwe koyenera monga kuchoka kumanzere kupita kumanja.

Ntchito 2.8.3 Kuwerenga phatikizo ndi mawu (Mphindi 8)

Tsopano tiwerenga phatikizo ndi mawu kuchokera m’buku lanu. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndekha. Kenaka tiwerenga limodzi. Pomaliza muwernga nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 6. Yang’anani pomwe pali kalulu. Lozani lembo la n. Mvetserani pomwe ndikuwerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe akupezeka pa tsambali: a, na, ana. Tiyeni tiwerenge limodzi. Tsopano werengani nokha. Limbikitsani ophunzira kuwerenga phatikizo ndi mawu mofulumira. Kumbukirani kuwerengetsa ophunzira m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 2.8.4 Kulemba mawu mwaluso (Mphindi 8)

Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba ndilemba mawu okhala ndi n, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi ana. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa ana. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.


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Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi ana. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi ana. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena kadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu ndi phatikizo lomwe lili ndi n.

Ndamanga




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Phunziro 9 ndi 10 Izi ndi zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za sabata yonse. Sankhani zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe ophunzira ambiri sanakwaniritse ndi kubwereza phunziro lake. Mutha kubwereza phunziro lonse kapena kungobwereza ntchito zina mmene takambira ku chiyambi cha bukuli.

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Phunziro Njira zina

zobwerezera phunziroli

Kutchula maliwu ndi malembo

amva katchulidwe ka /a/ ndi /n/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /a/ ndi /n/

atchula dzina la lembo la a ndi n


awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo m’mawu 3, 7 tsamba xvii

awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi a ndi n

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi a ndi n 3, 4, 7, 8 tsamba xviii

Kuwerenga ndi kumvetsetsa nkhani

afotokoza zomwe akuona m’chithunzi 4, 8 tsamba xix

ayankha mafunso ochokera mu nkhani

Kulemba

alemba lembo la a ndi n 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba phatikizo la na 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi a ndi n 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu

apereka matanthauzo a mawu atsopano 2, 6 tsamba xx

agwiritsa ntchito mawu atsopano mu chiganizo chomveka bwino

Kumvetsera nkhani ndi kuyankha mafunso

alosera nkhani

2, 6 tsamba xix amvetsera nkhani


MUTU 3 Phunziro 1 i I

28

MUTU 3 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /i/ atchula liwu la /i/ alemba lembo la i



Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ya ‘Kutchula kwa maliwu kuli panopano’ yotchula maliwu omwe aphunzira kale.

Ntchito 3.1.1 Kuunikanso maphatikizo (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 7 ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani pomwe pali nsomba. Werengani malembo a: a ndi n.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 7. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa insa, ndipomawu woti insa amayamba ndi liwu la /i/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /i/. Poyamba nditchula liwu kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /i/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi insa. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /i/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ana. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /i/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /i/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Tsopano nditchula mawu. Ngati akuyamba ndi /i/ tiloze chala m’mwamba ndipo ngati sakuyamba ndi /i/ tiloze chala pansi. Mawu oyamba ndi insa. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ana. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi ina, ena, inu, ndi amama.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /i/. Nditchula mawu, ngati akuyamba ndi /i/ muloze chala m’mwamba ndipo ngati sakuyamba ndi /i/ muloze chala pansi. Mawu oyamba ndi insa. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga ana, inu, nanu, ndi ina m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


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Ntchito 3.1.4 Kupeza ndi kutchula liwu (Mphindi 5)


Mawu oyamba ndi insa. Liwu loyamba ndi /i/. Mawu ena ndi ana. Liwu loyamba ndi /a/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi insa. Liwu loyamba ndi /i/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi aka ndi ika.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi insa. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga nawo, inu amama, ndi inu m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la i pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi i. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira I wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani I wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi I wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 7. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la i. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la i ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la i wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la I wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la i wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la I wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la i m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la I wamkulu. Yenderani pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ya ‘Kutchula kwa maliwu kuli panopano’ yotchula maliwu omwe adaphunzira kale.

MUTU 3 Phunziro 2

30

MUTU 3 Phunziro 2






Tilosera nkhani. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Chatsalira.’ Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Tikudziwa chiyani za ...? Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikhoza kunenanso za chiyani. Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.


Athokozeni ophunzira omwe apereka maganizo awo ndi kunena kuti: Tsopano ndiwerenga nkhaniyi. Ndikamawerenga, muzimvetsera kuti tione ngati mayankho amene tinalosera aja ali olondola.


Chatsalira

Kalekale padali banja lina. Banjali lidali ndi ana atatu. Mayina awo adali Mavuto, Malifa ndi Chatsalira. Nthawi zambiri Chatsalira amadzuka ndi kupita ku sukulu mochedwa. Tsiku lililonse amayi ake amamulimbikitsa kuchita zinthu mofulumira. Tsiku lina kusukulu kudali mpikisano wothamanga. Chatsalira adapikisana nawo. Iye adali pambuyo pa onse. Kenaka adamva anthu akuti “thamanga Chatsalira!, Thamanga!” Chatsalira adakumbukira mawu a amayi ake ndipo anathamanga mwamphamvu. Posakhalitsa adawadutsa anzake onse aja. Chatsalira adapambana nalandira mphotho ya njinga.

MUTU 3 Phunziro 2

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Mu nkhani ya Chatsalira tinamva mawu atsopano. Mawu ndi mofulumira, mpikisano ndi mphotho. Tchulani nokha, pamodzi ndi ophunzira, kenaka ophunzira atchule mawuwa paokha.

Mawu oyamba ndi mofulumira. Mawu woti mofulumira amatanthauza kuti kuchita zinthu mwamsanga kapena mwachangu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pophunzitsa mawuwa. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka. Uzani ophunzira tanthauzo la mawuwa ndi kukambirana nawo ngati akudziwa matanthauzo ena. Perekani ziganizo zosachepera ziwiri zokhala ndi mawuwa. Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti anene ziganizo zokhala ndi mawuwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: mpikisano ndi mphotho. Ndiwerenganso nkhaniyi ndipo mumvetserenso mawu atsopano amene tangophunzira aja. Imikani dzanja mukamva mawu atsopanowa. Mumvetserenso ngati muli mawu ena omwe tanthauzo lake simukulidziwa. Uzani ophunzira omwe apeza mawu ena omwe sakuwadziwa kuti amalizitse chiganizo ichi mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi: “Mawu amodzi omwe sindikuwadziwa mu nkhaniyi ndi …” Kambiranani matanthauzo a mawu ena omwe ophunzira awatchule.


Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho.

1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba zambiri za yani? 2 Kodi nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Kuimba nyimbo yomwe munayamba nayo phunziroli.

Ndamanga




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MUTU 3 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi i alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi i

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, makadi a maphatikizo, makope ndi mapensulo





Mawu ndi ikani. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: i – ka – ni. Mawu akuti ikani ali ndi maphatikizo atatu. Mawu ena ndi inu. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: i – nu. Mawu akuti inu ali ndi maphatikizo awiri.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi ikani. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a ikani. Pitirizani ndi izi, imani, ndi iwo.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi ikani. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a ikani. Pitirizani ndi ine, alima, ndi ina.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la i. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /i/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 7. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la i pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la ni pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /n/ – /i/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: ni. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi na.


33

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la ni ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /n/ – /i/. Akamaliza, mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchule maliwuwo ngati phatikizo ni. Bwerezani ndi na.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la ni. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /n/ – /i/ kenaka phatikizo la ni. Pitirizani ndi na. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti ina pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: i – na. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: ina. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi ana.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani ina pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: i – na kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: ina. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi ana.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani ina pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: i – na kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: ina. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi ana. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 7 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la i lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi i. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi ni. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /n/ – /i/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi ni. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti ni. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere ni.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi ni. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi na.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a i kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 3 Phunziro 4

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: afotokoza zomwe akuona m’chithunzi awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi i ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi i

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Tchati la ziganizo, buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, makope ndi mapensulo.


Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a i.


Tiyeni titsekule buku lathu pa tsamba 7. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi: Kodi mukuonapo chiyani? Funsani mafunso ena othandiza ophunzira kufotokoza zomwe zili m’chithunzipo. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho awo.


Sonyezani ophunzira kagwiridwe koyenera ka buku, katsekulidwe koyenera komanso kuika buku pa mpata woyenera powerenga.


Tiwerenga lembo la i, phatikizo la ni komansomawu woti ana ndi ina kuchokera mu buku lanu. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndekha, kenaka tiwerenga limodzi ndipo potsiriza muwerenga nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 7.

Yang’anani pomwe pali kalulu. Lemboli ndi i. Tiyeni tiwerengere limodzi. Kenaka werengani nokha.

Yang’anani pomwe pali kamba. Phatikizoli ndi ni. Tiyeni tiwerengere limodzi. Kenaka werengani nokha.

Yang’anani pomwe pali tambala. Mawuwa ndi ana ndi ina. Tiyeni tiwerengere limodzi. Kenaka werengani nokha.

Mvetserani pamene ophunzira akuwerenga ndipo muwathandize moyenera. Kumbukirani kuwerengetsa ophunzira m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


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Tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi i. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi ina. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa, ina. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi ina. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi ina. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga lembo la i pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe lembo la i kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga



MUTU 3 Phunziro 5 m M

36

MUTU 3 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /m/ atchula liwu la /m/ alemba lembo la m





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a na omwe ali pa tsamba 8 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 8. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa mango, ndipomawu woti mango amayamba ndi liwu la /m/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /m/. Poyamba nditchula liwu, kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /m/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi mana. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /m/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ana. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /m/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /m/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi mana. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ana. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi mama, nanu, mono, ndi inu.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /m/. Mawu oyamba ndi mana. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga anu, mama, ina, ndi moni m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


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Mawu oyamba ndi mama. Liwu loyamba ndi /m/. Mawu ena ndi ina. Liwu loyamba ndi /i/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi mama. Liwu loyamba ndi /m/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi ina, mana, ndi nama.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi mama. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga ina, mono, ana, ndi nanu m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la m pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi m. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira M wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani M wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi M wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 8. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la m. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la m ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la m wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la M wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la m wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la M wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la m m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la M wamkulu. Yenderani pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 3 Phunziro 6

38

MUTU 3 Phunziro 6






Lero ndikuwerengerani nkhani yomwe mudamvetsera kale. Koma ndisanawerenge, tiunikanso matanthauzo amawu kuti timvetse nkhaniyi. Ndikuwerengerani nkhaniyi kenaka muyankha mafunso. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Chatsalira.’ Tsopano tikambirananso matanthauzo a mawu omwe tidakambirana kale. Mawuwa ndi mofulumira. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu woti mofulumira mu chiganizo chomwe chikuthandiza kupereka tanthauzo la mawuwo. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu: mpikisano ndi mphotho. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawuwo.




Chatsalira

Kalekale padali banja lina. Banjali lidali ndi ana atatu. Mayina awo adali Mavuto, Malifa ndi Chatsalira. Nthawi zambiri Chatsalira amadzuka ndi kupita ku sukulu mochedwa. Tsiku lililonse amayi ake amamulimbikitsa kuchita zinthu mofulumira. Tsiku lina kusukulu kudali mpikisano wothamanga. Chatsalira an\dapikisana nawo. Iye adali pambuyo pa onse. Kenaka adamva anthu akuti “Thamanga Chatsalira! Thamanga!” Chatsalira anakumbukira mawu a amayi ake ndipo adathamanga mwamphamvu. Posakhalitsa adawadutsa anzake onse aja. Chatsalira adapambana nalandira mphotho ya njinga.

MUTU 3 Phunziro 6

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Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi Chatsalira amatani nthawi zambiri? 2 Kodi munthu wolimbikira amalandira chiyani? 3 Nanga mukuganiza kuti chimamuchititsa Chatsalira kudzuka ndi kupita kusukulu mochedwa chidali chiyani?

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Kuimba nyimbo iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziroli.

Ndamanga




40

MUTU 3 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi m alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi m






Mawu ndi maluwa. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: ma – lu – wa. Mawu okuti maluwa ali ndi maphatikizo atatu. Mawu ena ndi ina. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: i – na. Mawu akuti ina ali ndi maphatikizo awiri.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi maluwa. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a maluwa. Pitirizani ndi ana amama, ndi minibasi.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi maluwa. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a maluwa. Pitirizani ndi lima, ana, ndi imani.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la m. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /m/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 8. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la m pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la ma pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /m/ – /a/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: ma. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi mi.


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Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la ma ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /m/ – /a/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo ma. Bwerezani ndi mi ndi na.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la ma. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /m/ – /a/ kenaka phatikizo la ma. Pitirizani ndi ni, na, ndi mi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti amama pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: a – ma – ma. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: amama. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi aima.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani amama pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: a – ma – ma kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: amama. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi aima ndi anama.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani amama pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: a – ma – ma kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: amama. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi ana, aima ndi anama. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 8 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la m lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi m. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi ma. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /m/ – /a/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi ma. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti ma. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere ma.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi ma. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi mi.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a m kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 3 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi m ayankha mafunso ochokera pa

nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi m

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyeseraTchati la ziganizo, buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, makope ndi mapensulo.


Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a m.


Tiyeni titsekule buku lathu pa tsamba 8. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi: Kodi m’chithunzichi mukuonapo chiyani? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho awo. Akumbutseni kuti atha kupeza zomwe nkhani ikukamba kuchokera pa zomwe akudziwa kale. Titha kulosera za nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe tikuona m’chithunzi. Tsopano tilosera nkhani. Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti afotokoze maganizo awo.


Pachikani tchati lomwe mwalembapo ziganizo. Sonyezani kawerengedwe koyenera monga kuchoka kumanzere kupita kumanja. Fotokozaninso kuti chiganizo chimayamba ndi lembo lalikulu ndi kutsirizira ndi mpumiro.


Tiwerenga ziganizo kuchokera mu buku lanu. Poyamba ndiwerenga ndekha, kenaka tiwerenga limodzi ndipo potsiriza muwerenga nokha.

Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 8. Yang’anani pomwe pali mbalame. Mvetserani, ndiwerenga ndekha. Werengani ziganizo uku mukuloza mawu omwe mukuwerenga. Werengani mosadodoma ndi momveka bwino.

Tiyeni tiwerengere limodzi. Tiziloza mawu aliwonse powerenga. Werengani ziganizo nthawi imodzi ndi ophunzira, uku mukuloza mawu omwe mukuwerengawo. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akuloza mawu akamawerenga ndipo kuti akuwerenga molondola.

Kenaka werengani nokha. Ophunzira awerenga ziganizo uku akuloza mawu omwe akuwerenga. Ophunzira awerenga limodzi, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi. Mvetserani mwatcheru ophunzira akamawerenga ndipo muwakonze pomwe akulakwitsa. Alimbikitseni kuti awerenge momveka bwino ndi mosadodoma.


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Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1. Kodi m’chithunzichi pali ndani? 2. Kodi amama akuchita chiyani?


Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi m, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi amama. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa amama. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi amama. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi amama. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Thandizani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira kuti aimbe nyimbo ya ‘Yang’anayang’ ana pomwe pali ana, amama, anama.

Ndamanga

Kumapeto kwa phunziro, yankhani mafunso awa mu buku lanu:

1 Ndi ophunzira angati kapena ndi pafupifupi ophunzira angati akwaniritsa zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za phunziroli?

2 Ndi zizindikiro ziti zakakhozedwe zomwe ophunzira sanakwaniritse? 3 Ndichitapo chiyani kuti ophunzira onse akwaniritse zizindikiro zakakhozedwezi?


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amva katchulidwe ka /i/ ndi /m/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /i/ ndi /m/

atchula dzina la lembo la i ndi m



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi i ndi m

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi i ndi m 3, 7 tsamba xviii

Kuwerenga ziganizo moyenera

awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi i ndi m 8 tsamba xix


afotokoza zomwe akuona m’chithunzi 8 tsamba xix


Kulemba

alemba lembo la i ndi m 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi i ndi m 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi i ndi m 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu




alosera nkhani



MUTU 4 Phunziro 1 u U

45

MUTU 4 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /u/ atchula liwu la /u/ alemba lembo la u



Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ya ‘Kutchula kwa maliwu kuli panopano’ kutchula maliwu omwe adaphunzira kale.


Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a ma, na omwe ali pa tsamba 9 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 9. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa uta, ndipomawu woti uta amayamba ndi liwu la /u/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /u/. Poyamba nditchula liwu kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /u/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi uma. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /u/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ana. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /u/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /u/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi uma. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ana. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi anu, umu, nanu, ndi uno.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /u/. Mawu oyamba ndi uma. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga una, anu, nanu, ndi umu m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


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Mawu oyamba ndi uta. Liwu loyamba ndi /u/. Mawu ena ndi ana. Liwu loyamba ndi /a/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi uta. Liwu loyamba ndi /u/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi anu, umu, ndi nanu.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi uta. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga una, inu, anu, ndi umu m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la u pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi u. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira U wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani U wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi U wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 9. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la u. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la u ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la u wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la U wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la u wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la U wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la u m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la U wamkulu. Yenderani pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 4 Phunziro 2

47

MUTU 4 Phunziro 2






Tilosera nkhani. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Dzino lobooka.’ Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Tikudziwa chiyani za ...? Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikhoza kunenanso za chiyani? Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.



Kumbukirani kuwerenga nkhaniyi kawiri. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi. Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kwagwirizana ndi nkhani yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi nkhani yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Akumbutseni kuti kulosera nkhani ndiponso kuona ngati kulosera kudali kolondola kumatithandiza kukhala tcheru ndi kumvetsa bwino nkhani.

Dzino lobooka

Kalekale kudali mnyamata wina wotchedwa Jana. Iyeyu adali mzime m’banja mwa bambo ndi mayi Tchoka. Jana amakonda kudya zinthu zozuna monga maswiti. Chifukwa cha ichi, dzino lake lidabooka ndipo amamva ululu kwambiri. Atate ake adamutengera ku chipatala. Atafika ku chipatala adotokotala adazula dzino lobooka lija. Ululu udachepa ndipo Jana adasangalala. Kuyambira pomwepo, iye adasiya kudya maswiti.

MUTU 4 Phunziro 2

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Mu nkhani ya Dzino lobooka tinamva mawu atsopano. Mawu ndi mzime, zozuna ndi lobooka. Tchulani nokha, pamodzi ndi ophunzira, kenaka ophunzira atchule mawuwa paokha.

Mawu oyamba ndi mzime. Mawu woti mzime amatanthauza kuti mwana womaliza kubadwa m’banja. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pophunzitsa mawuwa. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka. Uzani ophunzira tanthauzo la mawuwa ndi kukambirana nawo ngati akudziwa matanthauzo ena. Perekani ziganizo zosachepera ziwiri zokhala ndi mawuwa. Funsani ophunzira angapo kuti anene ziganizo zokhala ndi mawuwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: zozuna ndi lobooka. Ndiwerenganso nkhaniyi ndipo mumvetserenso mawu atsopano amene tangophunzira aja. Imikani dzanja mukamva mawu atsopanowa. Mumvetserenso ngati muli mawu ena omwe tanthauzo lake simukulidziwa. Uzani ophunzira omwe apeza mawu ena omwe sakuwadziwa kuti amalizitse chiganizo ichi mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi: “Mawu amodzi omwe sindikuwadziwa mu nkhaniyi ndi ...” Kambiranani matanthauzo a mawu ena omwe ophunzira awatchule.


Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Auzeni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho.

1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani? 2 Kodi dzino lake lidabooka chifukwa chiyani?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo yosamalira mano.

Ndamanga

Kumapeto kwa phunziro, yankhani mafunso awa mu buku lanu.


2 Ndi zizindikiro ziti zakakhozedwe zomwe ophunzira sanakwaniritse? 3 3. Ndichitapo chiyani kuti ophunzira onse akwaniritse zizindikiro zakakhozedwezi?


49

MUTU 4 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi u alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi u






Mawu ndi uma. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: u – ma. Mawu akuti uma ali ndi maphatikizo awiri. Mawu ena ndi ukani. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: u – ka – ni. Mawu akuti ukani ali ndi maphatikizo atatu.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi uma. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a uma. Pitirizani ndi umu, imani, ndi kumana.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi uma. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a uma. Pitirizani ndi amama, akumana, ndi ana.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la u. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /u/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 9. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la u pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la nu pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /n/ – /u/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: nu. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi mu.


50

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la nu ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /n/ – /u/. Akamaliza, mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo nu. Bwerezani ndi mu ndi ni.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la nu. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /n/ – /u/ kenaka phatikizo la nu. Pitirizani ndi mu, na, ndi mi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti anu pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: a – nu. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: anu. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi umu.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani anu pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: a – nu kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: anu. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi umu ndi nanu.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani anu pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: a – nu kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: anu. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi una, umu, ndi nanu. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 9 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la u lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi u. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi nu. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /n/ – /u/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi nu. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti nu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere nu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi nu. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi mu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a m kuchokera pa makadi.


51

MUTU 4 Phunziro 4

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: afotokoza zomwe akuona m’chithunzi awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi y ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi y



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a u.


Tiyeni titsekule buku lathu pa tsamba 10. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi: Kodi mukuonapo chiyani? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho awo. Akumbutseni kuti atha kupeza zomwe nkhani ikukamba kuchokera pa zomwe akudziwa kale. Titha kulosera za nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe tikuona m’chithunzi. Tsopano tilosera nkhani. Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Funsani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.









52


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi ana atani? 2 Nanga anawa aima mu chiyani?


Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi u, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi umu. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa umu. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi umu. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi umu. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu monga anu, una, amama ndi nanu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti uma kunyumba ndipo akawerengere makolo awo.

Ndamanga



2 Ndi zizindikiro ziti zakakhozedwe zomwe ophunzira sanakwaniritse? 3 3. Ndichitapo chiyani kuti ophunzira onse akwaniritse zizindikiro zakakhozedwezi?

MUTU 4 Phunziro 5 k K

53

MUTU 4 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /k/ atchula liwu la /k/ alemba lembo la k





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a ma, na, ni omwe ali pa tsamba 11 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 11. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa kama, ndipomawu woti kama amayamba ndi liwu la /k/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /k/. Poyamba nditchula liwu, kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /k/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi kama. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /k/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi mana. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /k/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /k/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi kama. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi mana. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi kako, inu, kale, ndi maso.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /k/. Mawu oyamba ndi kama. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga manja, koka, kumana, ndi nambala m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


54



Mawu oyamba ndi kana. Liwu loyamba ndi /k/. Mawu ena ndi mana. Liwu loyamba ndi /m/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi kana. Liwu loyamba ndi /k/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi mana, kanu, umu, ndi koka.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi kana. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga ana, kamu, uma, ndi kumana m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la k pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi k. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira K wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani K wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi K wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 11. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la k. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la k ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la k wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la K wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la k wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la K wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la k m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la K wamkulu. Yenderani pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 4 Phunziro 6

55

MUTU 4 Phunziro 6






Lero ndikuwerengerani nkhani yomwe mudamvetsera kale. Koma ndisanawerenge, tiunikanso matanthauzo amawu kuti timvetse nkhaniyi. Ndikuwerengerani nkhaniyi kenaka muyankha mafunso. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Dzino Lobooka.’ Tsopano tikambirananso matanthauzo a mawu omwe tidakambirana kale. Mawuwa ndi mzime. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu woti mzime mu chiganizo chomwe chikupereka tanthauzo la mawuwo. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi zozuna, lobooka. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawuwo.




Dzino lobooka

Kalekale kudali mnyamata wina wotchedwa Jana. Iyeyu adali mzime m’banja mwa bambo ndi mayi Tchoka. Jana amakonda kudya zinthu zozuna monga masuwiti. Chifukwa cha ichi, dzino lake lidabooka ndipo amamva ululu kwambiri. Atate ake a Jana adamutengera ku chipatala. Atafika ku chipatala adotokotala adazula dzino lobooka lija. Ululu udachepa ndipo Jana adasangalala. Kuyambila pomwepo, iye adasiya kudya masuwiti.

MUTU 4 Phunziro 6

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Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Auzeni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani? 2 Fotokozani kuipa kokonda kudya zakudya zozuna. 3 Ndi chifukwa chiyani bambo ake a Jana adamutengera iye ku chipatala?

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Kuimba nyimbo ya Zoola zoola zoipa.

Ndamanga





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MUTU 4 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi k alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi k






Mawu ndi kumana. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: ku – ma – na. Mawu okuti kumana ali ndi maphatikizo atatu. Mawu ena ndi kanu. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: ka – nu. Mawu akuti kanu ali ndi maphatikizo awiri.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi kumana. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a kumana. Pitirizani ndi uku, akuni, ndi akumana.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi kumana. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a kumana. Pitirizani ndi uka, nanu, imani, ndi ika.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la k. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /k/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 11. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la k pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la ka pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /k/ – /a/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: ka. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi ku.


58

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la ka ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /k/ – /a/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo ka. Bwerezani ndi ku ndi ki.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la ka. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /k/ – /a/ kenaka phatikizo la ka. Pitirizani ndi ki ndi ku. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti kama pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: ka - ma. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: kama. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi kumana.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani kama pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: ka – ma kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: kama. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi kumana ndi uku.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani kama pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: ka – ma kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: kama. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi kana, uka, ndi ukani. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 11 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la k lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi k. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi ka. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /k/ – /a/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi ka. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti ka. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere ka.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi ka. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo awa: ki ndi ku.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a k kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 4 Phunziro 8

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: afotokoza zomwe akuona m’chithunzi awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi k ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi k



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a b.


Tiyeni titsekule buku lathu pa tsamba 12. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi: Kodi m’chithunzichi mukuonapo chiyani? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho awo. Akumbutseni kuti atha kupeza zomwe nkhani ikukamba kuchokera pa zomwe akudziwa kale. Titha kulosera za nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe tikuona m’chithunzi. Tsopano tilosera nkhani. Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Funsani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.









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Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti… (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi anawa akutani? 2 Kodi amama akumana ndi yani? 3 Ndi chifukwa chiyani anawa ayenera kudzuka?


Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi k, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi ukani. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa ukani. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi ukani. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi ukani. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani ophunzira pamene akulemba. Thandizani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu monga kana, uku, uka, kumana, anu, umu, nanu, uma, ndi una pamakadipo. Auzeni ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti kama kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga





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Phunziro 9 ndi 10: Izi ndi zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za sabata yonse. Sankhani zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe ophunzira ambiri sanakwaniritse ndi kubwereza phunziro lake. Mutha kubwereza phunziro lonse kapena kungobwereza ntchito zina mmene takambira ku chiyambi cha bukuli.




amva katchulidwe ka /u/ ndi /k/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /u/ ndi /k/

atchula dzina la lembo la u ndi k



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi u ndi k

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi u ndi k 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi u ndi k 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba lembo la u ndi k 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi u ndi k 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi u ndi k 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu




alosera nkhani



MUTU 5 Phunziro 1 o O

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MUTU 5 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /o/ atchula liwu la /o/ alemba lembo la o





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a na, ni, ka omwe ali pa tsamba 13 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 13. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho ndi cha moto, ndipo m’mawu woti moto muli liwu la /o/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /o/. Poyamba nditchula liwu kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /o/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi onani. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /o/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi anu. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /o/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /o/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi onani. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi anu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi oloka, nanu, amama, ndi oyera.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /o/. Mawu oyamba ndi onani. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga ina, owala, nawo, ndi ona m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


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Mawu oyamba ndi onani. Liwu loyamba ndi /o/. Mawu ena ndi moni. Liwu loyamba ndi /m/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi onani. Liwu loyamba ndi /o/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi moni, inu, ona ndi amama.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi onani. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga anu, okoka, umu, ndi nanu m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la o pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi o. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira O wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani O wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi O wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 13. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la o. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la o ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la o wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la O wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la o wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la O wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la o m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la O wamkulu. Yenderani pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 5 Phunziro 2

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MUTU 5 Phunziro 2






Tilosera nkhani. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Fulu ndi Nyani.’ Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Tikudziwa chiyani za ...? Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikhoza kunenanso za chiyani? Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.




Fulu ndi nyani

Kalekale mu nkhalango ina mudali Fulu ndi Nyani. Fulu adali wolimbikira ntchito pamene nyani adali waulesi. Fulu adali ndi munda wa mbatata omwe adali kulima chaka ndi chaka. Nyani samatero, iye adalibe munda. M’malo mwake amangosewera m’mitengo ndi pa thanthwe. Chaka china kudali chilala. Mvula sidagwe ndipo mbewu zambiri za m’minda zidauma ndi dzuwa. Mbatata ina ya fulu idapulumuka ku chilalachi. Izi zidamupangitsa kuti Fulu akhalebe ndi chakudya chokwanira ngakhale kudali chilala. Pabanja pa Fulu padalibe njala. Nyani sadasamale za njalayi. Iye adapitirizabe kusewera m’mitengo. Pabanja pake padali njala yoopsa.

MUTU 5 Phunziro 2

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Mu nkhani ya Fulu ndi Nyani tinamva mawu atsopano. Mawu ndi: nkhalango, waulesi, ndi chilala. Tchulani nokha, pamodzi ndi ophunzira, kenaka ophunzira atchule mawuwa paokha. Mawu oyamba ndi nkhalango. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pophunzitsa mawuwa. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka. Uzani ophunzira tanthauzo la mawuwa ndi kukambirana nawo ngati akudziwa matanthauzo ena. Perekani ziganizo zosachepera ziwiri zokhala ndi mawuwa. Funsani ophunzira angapo kuti anene ziganizo zokhala ndi mawuwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: waulesi ndi chilala. Ndiwerenganso nkhaniyi ndipo mumvetserenso mawu atsopano amene tangophunzira aja. Imikani dzanja mukamva mawu atsopanowa. Mumvetserenso ngati muli mawu ena omwe tanthauzo lake simukulidziwa. Uzani ophunzira omwe apeza mawu ena omwe sakuwadziwa kuti amalizitse chiganizo ichi mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi: “Mawu amodzi omwe sindikuwadziwa mu nkhaniyi ndi …” Kambiranani matanthauzo a mawu ena omwe ophunzira awatchule.



1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani? 2 Nanga nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti? 3 Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani mbewu zidauma? 4 Ndi mbewu yanji yomwe Fulu amalima?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Kuimba nyimbo ya Fulu chigoba pamsana.

Ndamanga





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MUTU 5 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi o alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi o






Mawu ndi onani. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: o – na – ni. Mawu akuti onani ali ndi maphatikizo atatu. Mawu ena ndi mana. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: ma – na. Mawu akuti mana ali ndi maphatikizo awiri.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi onani. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a onani. Pitirizani ndi aona, anama, ndi koka.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi onani. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a onani. Pitirizani ndi inu, aona, ndi akukoka.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la o. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /o/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 13. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la o pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la ko pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /k/ – /o/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: ko. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi no.


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Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la ko ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /k/ – /o/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo ko. Bwerezani ndi no ndi mo.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la ko. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /k/ – /o/ kenaka phatikizo la ko. Pitirizani ndi no, mo ndi ka. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti onani pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: o – na – ni. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: onani. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi moni.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani onani pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: o – na – ni kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: onani. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi moni ndi aona.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani onani pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: o – na – ni kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti onani. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi mono, koka, ndi aona. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 13 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la o lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi o. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi ko. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /k/ – /o/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi ko. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti ko. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere ko.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi ko. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo awa: no ndi mo.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a o kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 5 Phunziro 4

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: afotokoza zomwe akuona m’chithunzi awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi o ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi o



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a o.











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Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti afotokoze mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi ana aona ndani? 2 Nanga amama anyamula chiyani? 3 3. Kodi ntchito ya mono ndi chiyani?


Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi o, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi mono. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa mono. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi mono. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi mono. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu monga moni, mono, koka, ndi aona pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti moni kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga




MUTU 5 Phunziro 5 l L

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MUTU 5 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /1/ atchula liwu la /1/ alemba lembo la 1





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a mo, mu, ni omwe ali pa tsamba 15 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 15. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa lula, ndipomawu woti lula amayamba ndi liwu la /l/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /l/. Poyamba nditchula liwu, kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /l/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi lula. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /l/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ima. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /l/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /l/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi lula. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ima. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi umu, lema, lota, ndi mano.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /l/. Mawu oyamba ndi lula. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga lamulo, malo, lima, ndi anu m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


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Mawu oyamba ndi lumo. Liwu loyamba ndi /l/. Mawu ena ndi kama. Liwu loyamba ndi /k/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi lumo. Liwu loyamba ndi /l/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi kama, leka, moni, ndi lula.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi lumo. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga luni, ana lamulo, ndi kumana m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la l pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi l. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira L wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani L wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi L wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 15. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la l. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la l ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la l wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la L wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la l wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la L wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la l m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la L wamkulu. Yenderani pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 5 Phunziro 6

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MUTU 5 Phunziro 6






Lero ndikuwerengerani nkhani yomwe mudamvetsera kale. Koma ndisanawerenge, tiunikanso matanthauzo amawu kuti timvetse nkhaniyi. Ndikuwerengerani nkhaniyi kenaka muyankha mafunso. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Fulu ndi Nyani.’ Tsopano tikambirananso matanthauzo a mawu omwe tidakambirana kale. Mawuwa ndi nkhalango. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu woti nkhalango mu chiganizo chomwe chikupereka tanthauzo la mawuwo. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi waulesi ndi chilala. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawuwo.




Fulu ndi Nyani

Kalekale mu nkhalango ina mudali Fulu ndi Nyani. Fulu adali wolimbikira ntchito pamene nyani adali waulesi. Fulu adali ndi munda wambatata omwe adali kulima chaka ndi chaka. Nyani samatero, iye adalibe munda m’malo mwake amangosewera m’mitengo ndi pa thanthwe. Chaka china kudali chilala. Mvula sidagwe ndipo mbewu zambiri za m’minda zidauma ndi dzuwa. Mbatata ina ya fulu idapulumuka ku chilalachi. Izi zidamupangitsa kuti Fulu akhalebe ndi chakudya chokwanira ngakhale kudali chilala. Pabanja pa Fulu padalibe njala. Nyani sadasamale za njalayi. Iye adapitirizabe kusewera m’mitengo. Pabanja pake padali njala yoopsa.

MUTU 5 Phunziro 6

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1 Kodi kuipa kwa ulesi ndi chiyani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani Fulu amakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira nthawi zonse? 3 Kodi chakusangalatsani mu nkhaniyi ndi chiyani? 4 Kodi nkhaniyi ikutiphunzitsa zotani?

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Kuimba nyimbo ya Fulu chigoba pamsana.

Ndamanga





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MUTU 5 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi l alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi l






Mawu ndi lola. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: lo – la. Mawu okuti lola ali ndi maphatikizo awiri. Mawu ena ndi lamulo. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: la – mu – lo. Mawu akuti lamulo ali ndi maphatikizo atatu.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi lola. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a lola. Pitirizani ndi luni, alema, ndi limene.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi lola. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a lola. Pitirizani ndi kulemba, kuwerenga, lima, ndi lumo.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la l. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /l/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 15. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la l pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la lo pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /l/ – /o/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: lo. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi lu.


75

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la lo ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /l/ – /o/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo lo. Bwerezani ndi lu ndi li.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la lo. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /l/ – /o/ kenaka phatikizo la lo. Pitirizani ndi li, la ndi lu. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti lola pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: lo – la. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: lola. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi lamulo.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani lola pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: lo – la kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti lola. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi lamulo ndi luni.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani lola pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: lo – la kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: lola. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi lumo, lima ndi luni. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 15 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la l lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi l. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi lo. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /l/ – /o/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi lo. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti lo. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere lo.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi lo. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo awa: li ndi lu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a l kuchokera pa makadi.

MUTU 5 Phunziro 8

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MUTU 5 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi l ayankha mafunso ochokera pa

nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi l



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a l.










MUTU 5 Phunziro 8

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Ntchito 5.8.4 Mafunso (Mphindi 4)

Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Auzeni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi amayi atenga chiyani? 2 Kodi akufuna kuzitani ndiwozo? 3 Fotokozani ntchito zomwe mumathandiza makolo anu kunyumba.


Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi l, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi lumo. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa lumo. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi lumo. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi lumo. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu monga lima, lola, lumo, luni, ndi lamulo pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti lamulo kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga

Kumapeto kwa phunziro, yankhani mafunso awa mu buku lanu.




78






amva katchulidwe ka /o/ ndi /l/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /o/ ndi /l/

atchula dzina la lembo la o ndi l



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi o ndi l

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi o ndi l 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi o ndi l 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba lembo la o ndi l 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi o ndi l 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi o ndi l 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu




alosera nkhani



MUTU 6 Phunziro 1

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MUTU 6 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: atchula mayina a zinthu atchula liwu loyamba

m’mayina a zinthu atchula mayina a malembo atchula maliwu a malembo

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; bokosi la zithunzi zosiyanasiyana pa tsamba 17 Ntchito1 ndi bokosi la pa tsamba 17 Ntchito 2 la buku la ophunzira; makadi a malembo a: a, n, i, m, u, k, o, l;


Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ya ‘Kutchula kwa maliwu’ pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /a/, /n/, /i/, /m/, /u/, /k/, /o/, /l/

Ntchito 6.1.1 Kutchula mayina a zinthu (Mphindi 5)

Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 17. Yang'anani ndi kuloza chithunzi cha chinthu chomwe dzina lake limayamba ndi liwu la /a/. Tchulani dzina la chithunzicho. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi zithunzi zotsatira pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /n/, /i/, /m/, /u/, /k/, /o/, /l/. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 6.1.2 Kuunikanso maliwu (Mphindi 8)

Titchula liwu loyamba m’mayina a zinthu zili m’bokosi pa tsamba 17 Ntchito 1. Lozani chithunzi choyamba ndi kunena kuti: uyu ndi lula. Liwu loyamba m’mawuwa ndi /l/, /l/. Uzani ophunzira atchule liwu loyamba la mayina a zinthu zina m’mabokosi otsatirawo. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 6.1.3 Kutchula mayina ndi maliwu a malembo (Mphindi 12)

Titchula mayina ndi maliwu a malembo. Onetsani ophunzira khadi la lembo la m ndi kufunsa ophunzira kuti atchule dzina la lembolo ndi liwu lake. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi malembo enawo kuchokera pa makadi ndi m’buku lawo pa tsamba 17.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yotchula maliwu awa: /a/, /n/, /i/, /m/, /u/, /k/, /o/, /l/

MUTU 6 Phunziro 2

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MUTU 6 Phunziro 2

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: atchula mayina a

malembo afananitsa malembo

aang’ono ndi aakulu awerenga maphatikizo

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; makadi a malembo aakulu ndi aang’ono a : a, n, i, m, u, k, o, l; tchati cha chomwe mwajambulapo mabokosi awiri omwe akupezeka m'buku la ophunzira pa tsamba 18 (Ntchito 3); makadi a maphatikizo omwe akupezeka pa tsamba 18 (Ntchito 4)


Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo yotchula maliwu a malembo.

Ntchito 6.2.1 Kutchula mayina a malembo (Mphindi 3)

Titchula mayina a malembo. Pachikani tchati yomwe mwajambulapo mabokosi awiri omwe akupezeka m'buku la ophunzira pa tsamba 18 Ntchito 3. Uzani ophunzira atchule mayina a malembo ena. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.

Ntchito 6.2.2 Kufananitsa malembo aang’ono ndi aakulu (Mphindi 7)

Tifananitsa malembo aang’ono ndi aakulu. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 18 Ntchito 3. Lozani a wamng'ono kenaka A wamkulu ndi kuwerenga pamene mukuloza lembo. Perekani makadi omwe mwalembapo Ntchito 3 m’magulu ndi kunena kuti: Fananitsani malembo aang'ono ndi aakulu. Uzani ophunzira awiri pa gulu lililonse kuti aonetse anzawo khadi la lembo laling’ono ndi lalikulu lomwe afananitsa. Ophunzira mmodzi aonetse lembo laling’ono ndipo ophunzira winayo aonetse khadi la lembo lalikulu.


Tiwerenga maphatikizo. Pachikani tchati la maphatikizo a pa tsamba 18 Ntchito 4. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizowa m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimodzi.

Ntchito 6.2.4 Kuwerenga maphatikizo kuchokera (Mphindi 5

Titsekule mabuku athu pa tsamba 18. Tiyeni tiwerenge maphatikizo omwe ali m’bokosi pa Ntchito 4 limodzi. Tiwerenge motsata mzere ndi motsika. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, mmodzimmodzi, awiriawiri ndi mmizere.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo yowerenga maphatikizo ya ‘Pamchenga’.

MUTU 6 Phunziro 3

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MUTU 6 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira awerenga mawu

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; makadi a mawu omwe mwalembapo mawu opezeka m’buku la ophunzira pa tsamba 19 Ntchito 5


Titchula liwu loyamba m’mawu ena opezeka pa tsamba 19 Ntchito 5. Tchulani mawu amodzi pa nthawi ndipo funsani ophunzira kuti atchule liwu loyamba m’mawuwo.

Ntchito 6.3.1 Kuwerenga mawu kuchokera pa bolodi (Mphindi 10)

Lembani mawu ena pa bolodi ochokera pa tsamba 19 Ntchito 5. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawu amene inu mukuloza mosatsatira ndondomeko yomwe mwalembera, kalasi lonse, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi. Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawuwa motsatira mzere womwe mwalemba.

Ntchito 6.3.2 Kuwerenga mawu kuchokera m’buku (Mphindi 10)

Tichita sewero la Bingo m’magulu athu. Uzani ophunzira kuti muwafunsa funso ndipo akambirana m’magulu kuti apeze yankho. Akapeza yankholo, anene kuti Bingo! Mokweza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 19 Ntchito 5. Pezani mawu omwe ali ndi phatikizo la: ma. Mukapeza mawuwo, nenani kuti Bingo mokweza. Pitirizani ndi maphatikizo ena monga lu, ka, ndi na.

Mathero (Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole khadi la mawu ndi kuwerenga. Mawu ndi awa: ana, ina, umu, kumana, lula, koka, nola, ndi ukani.

MUTU 6 Phunziro 4

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MUTU 6 Phunziro 4

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo afananitsa maphatikizo achita sewero lopanga

mawu awerenga mawu

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; makadi angapo a maphatikizo a: ma, ni, ko, mu, la, mi, nu, na, li, lo okwanira kugawa m'magulu omwe muli nawo m’kalasi mwanu.


Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo iliyonse yowerenga maphatikizo a: ma, ni, ko, mu, la, mi, nu, na, li, lo.

Ntchito 6.4.1 Kufananitsa maphatikizo (Mphindi 8)

Tifananitsa maphatikizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 20 Ntchito yoonjezera. Uzani ophunzira kuti ayang’ane ntchitoyi. Lembani chitsanzo pa bolodi chomwe chili pa tsamba 20 ndipo sonyezani ophunzira momwe angachitire ntchitoyi.

Ntchito 6.4.2 Kuchita sewero lopanga mawu (Mphindi 16)

Tipanga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito maphatikizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 18, Ntchito 4. Sonyezani ophunzira momwe angachitire sewero lopanga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito makadi. Ophunzira achite sewero m’magulu mwawo.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo iliyonse yowerenga maphatikizo a: ma, ni, ko, mu, la, mi, nu, na, li, lo.

MUTU 6 Phunziro 5

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MUTU 6 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga ziganizo awerenga mawu atsiriza ziganizo ndi mawu

oyenera awerenga nkhani ayankha mafunso

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; makadi a mawu omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziganizo zomwe ziri m’buku la ophunzira pa tsamba 19 Ntchito 6.


Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ya ‘Kuwerenga kwa mawu kuli panopano’ yowerenga mawu omwe ali pa tsamba 19 Ntchito 5.

Ntchito 6.5.1 Kuwerenga ziganizo ndi ndime (Mphindi 10)

Lembani ziganizo izi pa bolodi (pa tsamba 19 Ntchito 6): Ana inu ukani. Onani moto uko. Amama akukoka mono. Tsopano tiwerenga ziganizo. Ndiwerenga ziganizozi ndekha, kenaka tiwerenga limodzi, pomaliza muwerenga nokha.

Ntchito 6.5.2 Kuwerenga ziganizo kuchokera m’buku (Mphindi 8)

Uzani ophunzira kuti akhale awiriawiri ndi kunena kuti: Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 19 Ntchito 6. Werengani ziganizozi limodzi mokweza ndi molandirana. Ophunzira akamaliza kuwerenga, funsani mafunso angapo kuchokera mu nkhaniyi.

Ntchito 6.5.3 Kuwerenga ziganizo kuchokera pa mapepala (Mphindi 6)

Tiyeni tiwerenge ziganizo za pa mapepala. Funsani ophunzira kuti abwere mmodzimodzi kutsogolo ndi kutola pepala pomwe palembedwa chiganizo. Akatola awerenge chiganizocho. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira ajambule chilichonse chomwe akukumbukira kuchokera pa ziganizo zomwe awerenga m’makope mwawo. Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti aonetse ndi kufotokozera anzawo za zomwe ajambula.

MUTU 6 Phunziro 6 – 10

84


Kuyesa Ophunzira Kuyambira Phunziro 6 mpaka Phunziro 10, aphunzitsi yesani ophunzira onse pa zomwe mwakhala mukuphunzitsa m’sabata zinayi kuyambira Mutu 2. Tsatirani zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe zili m’munsimu koma sankhani malembo, maphatikizo, mawu ndi ziganizo zoti muwayese ophunzirawo. Koma musanatero chitani izi: Konzani ntchito yosiyanasiyana yomwe ophunzira achite m’magulu. Ikani ophunzira m’magulu. Pezani mtsogoleri pa gulu lililonse yemwe akutha kuwerenga. Perekani ntchito yoti ichitidwe m’magulu onse. Itanani atsogoleri a gulu lililonse kuti abwere kutsogolo ndipo apatseni malangizo a momwe angachitire ntchitoyi m’magulu mwawo. Uzani atsogoleri a gulu kuti aonetsetse kuti gulu lawo likuchita ntchito yomwe apatsidwa. Pamene ophunzira ena akuchita ntchitoyi, sankhani gulu limodzi lomwe muliyese. Itanani ophunzira mmodzimmodzi ndi kumuyesa zomwe waphunzira m’sabata za yam’mbuyo pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe zili pa phunziro 6 mpaka 10 pa mutu wobwereza uliwonse. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira omwe akuchita ntchito yawo moyenera ndipo amene akulephera akuthandizidwa ndi atsogoleri a gululo. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi ophunzira ena otsatirawo sabata ikubwerayi. Kumbukirani kulemba momwe wophunzira wakhozera m’buku lanu kuti zisaiwalike. Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Zipangizo zambiri zofunika poyesa ophunzirawa, mudakonza kale pophunzitsa m’mbuyomu monga; makadi kapena matchati a malembo; maphatikizo ndi mawu, ziganizo zolembedwa pa mapepala ndi mizere yoongoka bwino pa bolodi

Dzina la O

phunzira

1 = A

kufunika kuthandizidw

a 2 =

Wakhoza

pang’ono 3 =

Wakhoza bw

ino4 =

Wakhoza

kwam

biri

Mulingo

wakakhozedw

e Ku

bw

ereza nd

i Ku

yesa Op

hu

nzira

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe

atchula liwu loyamba m’mawu a mayina a zinthu

amva katchulidwe ka malembo

atchula mayina a malembo osiyanasiyana

atchula maliwu a malembo osiyanasiyana

afananitsa lembo laling’ono ndi lalikulu

awerenga maphatikizo

apanga mawu omveka polumikiza maphatikizo

awerenga mawu okhala ndi maphatikizo

afotokoza zomwe akuona pachithunzi

awerenga nkhani momwe muli mawu opangidwa kuchokera ku maliwu, malembo ndi maphatikizo omwe adaphunzira kale

ayankha mafunso kuchokera mu nkhani yomwe awerenga kapena kumvetsera

alemba mawu moyenera

alemba ziganizo moyenera

MUTU 7 Phunziro 1 e E

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MUTU 7 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /e/ atchula liwu la /e/ alemba lembo la e





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a ku, li, ma omwe ali pa tsamba 21 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 21. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa enivulopi, ndipomawu woti enivulopi amayamba ndi liwu la /e/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /e/. Poyamba nditchula liwu kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /e/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi ena. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /e/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi anu. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /e/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /e/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi ena. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi anu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi onani, Esinati, ina, ndi eti.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /e/. Mawu oyamba ndi ena. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga Enifa, anu, ukani ndi Ezikiele m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


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Mawu oyamba ndi ena. Liwu loyamba ndi /e/. Mawu ena ndi ukani. Liwu loyamba ndi /u/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi ena. Liwu loyamba ndi /e/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi ukani, ekala ndi uku.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi ena. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga ana, Enifa, ina, ndi Esinati m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la e pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi e. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira E wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani E wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi E wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 21. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la e. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la e ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la e wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la E wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la e wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la E wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la e m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la E wamkulu. Yenderani m’kalasimo pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 7 Phunziro 2

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MUTU 7 Phunziro 2






Tilosera nkhani. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Kamdothi.’ Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Tikudziwa chiyani za ...? Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikhoza kunenanso za chiyani. Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.


Athokozeni ophunzira omwe apereka maganizo awo ndi kunena kuti Tsopano ndiwerenga nkhaniyi. Ndikamawerenga, muzimvetsera kuti tione ngati mayankho amene tinalosera aja ali olondola.

Kumbukirani kuwerenga nkhaniyi kawiri. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi. Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi nkhani yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi nkhani yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Akumbutseni kuti kulosera nkhani ndiponso kuona ngati kulosera kudali kolondola kumatithandiza kukhala tcheru ndi kumvetsa bwino nkhani.

Kamdothi

Kalekale panali abambo ndi amayi. Ankafunitsitsa kukhala ndi mwana. Ndipo anapita ku mtsinje kukakowa dongo. Panjira anakumana ndi agogo. Agogo aja anawalangiza kuti akathire nsembe. Atathira nsembe, anaumba mwantche. Anapumila mpweya m’mwantchemo. M’mawa kutacha, kamwantche kaja kadali katasanduka kamoyo. Ndipo anakapatsa dzina loti Kamdothi. Kamdothi anakula mwamsanga ndipo ankakonda kusewera ndi ana anzake. Makolo ake anamulangiza kuti azisewera kufupi ndi kunyumba kwawo. Koma tsiku lina anayiwala malangizo aja ndipo anakasewera kutali. Mwadzidzidzi mvula inayamba kugwa. Makolo a Kamdothi anada nkhawa. Anayamba kuimba nyimbo.

Kamdothiwe thawa mvula. x2

Ya ya mwananga kamdothiwe. Thawa mvula. x2

Kamdothi anathamanga zedi. Koma mvula ija inalimbika. Anafika kunyumba ataduka mikono.

MUTU 7 Phunziro 2

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Mu nkhani ya Kamdothi tinamva mawu atsopano. Mawu ndi: mwantche, kukowa ndi nsembe. Tchulani nokha, pamodzi ndi ophunzira, kenaka ophunzira paokha.

Mawu oyamba ndi mwantche. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pophunzitsa mawuwa. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka. Uzani ophunzira tanthauzo la mawuwa ndi kukambirana nawo ngati akudziwa matanthauzo ena. Perekani ziganizo zosachepera ziwiri zokhala ndi mawuwa. Funsani ophunzira angapo kuti anene ziganizo zokhala ndi mawuwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: kukakowa ndi nsembe. Ndiwerenganso nkhaniyi ndipo mumvetserenso mawu atsopano amene tangophunzira aja. Imikani dzanja mukamva mawu atsopanowa. Mumvetserenso ngati muli mawu ena omwe tanthauzo lake simukulidziwa. Uzani ophunzira omwe apeza mawu ena omwe sakuwadziwa kuti amalizitse chiganizo ichi mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi: “Mawu amodzi omwe sindikuwadziwa mu nkhaniyi ndi …?” Kambiranani matanthauzo a mawu ena omwe ophunzira awatchule.



1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani? 2 Kodi nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Kuimba nyimbo ina iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziroli.

Ndamanga





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MUTU 7 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi e alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi e






Mawu ndi kulima. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: ku – li – ma. Mawu akuti kulima ali ndi maphatikizo atatu. Mawu ena ndi ana. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: a – na. Mawu akuti ana ali ndi maphatikizo awiri.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi kulima. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a kulima. Pitirizani ndi umu, imani, ndi akukoka.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi kulima. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a kulima. Pitirizani ndi ina, aleka, ndi ena.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la e. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /e/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 21. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la e pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la me pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /m/ – /e/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: me. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi le.


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Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la me ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /m/ – /e/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo me. Bwerezani ndi le ndi ne.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la me. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /m/ – /e/ kenaka phatikizo la me. Pitirizani ndi ke, ne, ndi le. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti kake pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: ka – ke. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: kake. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi mema.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani kake pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: ka – ke kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: kake. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi mema ndi alema.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani kake pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: ka – ke kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: kake. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi ena, limene, ndi leka. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 21 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la e lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi e. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi le. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /l/ – /e/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi le. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti le. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere le.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi le. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo awa: me ndi ke.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a e kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 7 Phunziro 4

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: afotokoza zomwe akuona m’chithunzi awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi e ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi e



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a e.











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Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Auzeni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi Melina akutani? 2 Chifukwa chiyani Melina wamema ana ena kulima?


Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi e, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi ena. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa ena. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi ena. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi ena. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu monga mema, leka, lema, ndi limene pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti ena kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga




MUTU 7 Phunziro 5 w W

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MUTU 7 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /w/ atchula liwu la /w/ alemba lembo la w





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a lu, ka, ko omwe ali pa tsamba 23 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 23. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa wailesi, ndipomawu woti wailesi amayamba ndi liwu la /w/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /w/. Poyamba nditchula liwu, kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /w/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi wako. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /w/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi lako. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /w/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /w/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi wako. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi lako. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi ukani, wodwala, lanu ndi wake.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /w/. Mawu oyamba ndi wako. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga wauka, nama, luni, ndi wina m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


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Mawu oyamba ndi wina. Liwu loyamba ndi /w/. Mawu ena ndi lina. Liwu loyamba ndi /l/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi wina. Liwu loyamba ndi /w/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi lina, uku, ndi wako.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi wina. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga luni, wauka, ena, ndi wala m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la w pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi w. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira W wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani W wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi W wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 23. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la w. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la w ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la w wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la W wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la w wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la W wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la w m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la W wamkulu. Yenderani ophunzira pomwe akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 7 Phunziro 6

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MUTU 7 Phunziro 6






Lero ndikuwerengerani nkhani yomwe mudamvetsera kale. Koma ndisanawerenge, tiunikanso matanthauzo amawu kuti timvetse nkhaniyi. Ndikuwerengerani nkhaniyi kenaka muyankha mafunso. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Kamdothi.’ Tsopano tikambirananso matanthauzo a mawu omwe tidakambirana kale. Mawuwa ndi mwantche. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu woti mwantche mu chiganizo chomwe chikupereka tanthauzo la mawuwo. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi kukakowa, nsembe. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawuwo.




Kamdothi

Kalekale padali abambo ndi amayi. Ankafunitsitsa kukhala ndi mwana. Ndipo adapita ku mtsinje kukakowa dongo. Panjira adakumana ndi agogo. Agogo aja adawalangiza kuti akathire nsembe. Atathira nsembe, adaumba mwantche. Adapumila mpweya m’mwantchemo. M’mawa kutacha, kamwantche kaja kadali katasanduka kamoyo. Ndipo adakapatsa dzina loti Kamdothi. Kamdothi adakula mwamsanga ndipo ankakonda kusewera ndi ana anzake. Makolo ake adamulangiza kuti azisewera kufupi ndi kunyumba kwawo. Koma tsiku lina adayiwala malangizo aja ndipo adakasewera kutali. Mwadzidzidzi, mvula idayamba kugwa. Makolo a Kamdothi adada nkhawa. Adayamba kuimba nyimbo.

Kamdothiwe thawa mvula. x2

Ya ya mwananga kamdothiwe. Thawa mvula. x2

Kamdothi adathamanga zedi. Koma mvula ija idalimbika. Anafika kunyumba ataduka mikono.

MUTU 7 Phunziro 6

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1 Kodi chakusangalatsani mu nkhaniyi ndi chiyani? 2 Nanga nkhaniyi ikutiphunzitsa zotani?

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Kuimba nyimbo ya Kamdothi.

Ndamanga




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MUTU 7 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi w alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi w






Mawu ndi maluwa. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: ma – lu – wa. Mawu okuti maluwa ali ndi maphatikizo atatu. Mawu ena ndi wina. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: wi – na. Mawu akuti wina ali ndi maphatikizo awiri.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi maluwa. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a maluwa. Pitirizani ndi onani, nawo, ndi awauka.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi maluwa. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a maluwa. Pitirizani ndi lowa, wauka, ndi owala.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la w. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /w/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 23. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la w pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la wa pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /w/ – /a/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: wa. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi we.


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Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la wa ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /w/ – /a/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo wa. Bwerezani ndi we ndi wu.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la wa. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /w/ – /a/ kenaka phatikizo la wa. Pitirizani ndi wi, wo, ndi wu. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti wako pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: wa - ko. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: wako. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi owala.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani wako pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: wa – ko kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: wako. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi owala ndi wauka.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani wako pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: wa – ko kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: wako. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi wina, lowa, ndi maluwa. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 23 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la w lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi w. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi wa. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /w/ – /a/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi wa. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti wa. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere wa.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi wa. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo awa: wi ndi wo.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a w kuchokera pa makadi.


99

MUTU 7 Phunziro 8

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: afotokoza zomwe akuona m’chithunzi awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi w ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi w



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a w.


Tiyeni titsekule buku lathu pa tsamba 24. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi: Kodi m’chithunzichi mukuonapo chiyani? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho awo. Akumbutseni kuti atha kupeza zomwe nkhani ikukamba kuchokera pa zomwe akudziwa kale. Titha kulosera za nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe tikuona m’chithunzi. Tsopano tilosera nkhani. Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.









100


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Auzeni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Lozani maluwa owala. 2 Maluwa ena awauka ndi chiyani?


Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi w, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi wina. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa wina. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi wina. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi wina. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Tandizani ophunzira pomwe akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu monga wina, lowa, maluwa, owala, ndi wauka pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti wako kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga





101






amva katchulidwe ka /e/ ndi /w/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /e/ ndi /w/

atchula dzina la lembo la e ndi w



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi e ndi w

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi e ndi w 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi e ndi w 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba lembo la e ndi w 1, 5

tsamba xviii alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi e ndi w 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi e ndi w 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu




alosera nkhani



MUTU 8 Phunziro 1 t T

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MUTU 8 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /t/ atchula liwu la /t/ alemba lembo la t





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a ke, wa, li pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 25.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha tebulo chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 25 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /t/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /t/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: tomato, kumana, tiana, uku, kalulu, tituta, inu, tambala ndi koka.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: tomato, koka, moni, kana, tuta, tiana, ana, tambala, nanu.


Phunzitsani dzina la lembo, lembo la t wamng’ono ndi lembo la T wamkulu.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la t wamng’ono ndi lembo la T wamkulu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 8 Phunziro 2

103

MUTU 8 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Mchitidwe wankhanza’. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.


Werengani nkhaniyi kawiri.

Mukatha kuwerenga, kambiranani za kulosera kwawo kuja ngati kukugwirizana ndi nkhaniyi. Akumbutseni za ubwino wolosera ndi kuona ngati kulosera kudali kolondola.


Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana. Ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa gombeza, nkhanza, ndi nyowa.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero.

1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani? 2 Tchulani dzina la mudzi womwe nkhaniyi ikuchitikira.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


Mchitidwe wankhanza

Kalekale m'mudzi wa Kholobowa mudali ana awiri. Makolo awo adamwalira. Makolowo adawasiyira katundu wochepa ndi gombeza limodzi. Mwana yemwe adali wamkulu adakhazikitsa lamulo lakuti aliyense wa iwo akhala ndi nthawi yake yofunda gombezalo. Iye azifunda usiku ndipo mng'ono wake azifunda masana. Izi zidamuwawa wamng'ono uja chifukwa chakuti masana si nthawi yoti munthu agone ndi kufunda gombeza.

Tsiku lina kudazizira kwambiri ndipo wamng'ono uja adaganiza zomupatsa phunziro mkulu wakeyo kuti adziwe kuti zomwe amachitazo ndi nkhanza. Iye adaviika gombezalo m’madzi. Nthawi yamadzulo wamkuluyo anayitanitsa gombeza lija kuti afunde chifukwa idali nthawi yake yofunda. Iye adadzidzimuka kuona kuti gombeza lidali lonyowa. Mng'ono wakeyo adafotokoza kuti adaliviika gombezalo masana panthawi yake yofunda ndipo silidaume. Usiku uwu wamkuluyo adagona osafunda ndipo adazindikira kulakwa kwake. Iye adampepesa mng'ono wakeyo.

MUTU 8 Phunziro 3

104

MUTU 8 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi t alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi t

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, makadi a maphatikizo, makope ndi mapensulo.




Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: tituta (ti – tu – ta = maphatikizo 3), uta, tiana, akututa, pita, tomato, atate ndi kuti.


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la t, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 8.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 25.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /t/ + /a/ = ta. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: ta, tu, te, to, ti. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga a + ta + te = atate. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: atate, uta, tomato, tituta, tiana. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 25.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la to.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a t kuchokera pa makadi.

MUTU 8 Phunziro 4 t T

105

MUTU 8 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi t ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi t



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a t.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 26. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa kale pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi kulosera nkhaniyi.


Gwiritsani ziganizo zomwe zili pafupi ndi mbalame pa tsamba 26, unikani mmene ophunzira angawerengerengere.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani ophunzira kuwerenga ziganizo zomwe zili pafupi ndi mbalame pa tsamba 26 mofulumira ndi mopatsa chidwi.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi watula tomato ndani? 2 Kodi tomatoyu akuoneka mtundu wanji?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti tomato.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti tomato kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga Lembani m’buku lanu maganizo anu okhudza mmene ophunzira akukhozera poyankha mafunso ounika phunziro pa tsamba xv.

MUTU 8 Phunziro 5 d D

106

MUTU 8 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /d/ atchula liwu la /d/ alemba lembo la d





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a ku, la, wa pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 27.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha diso chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 27 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /d/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /d/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: dala, lowa, tomato, dera, dothi ndi kapena.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: dama, wako, luni, dula, tomato, diso, koka, doda ndi tituta.


Phunzitsani dzina la lembo, lembo la d wamng’ono ndi lembo la D wamkulu.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la d wamng’ono ndi lembo la D wamkulu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 8 Phunziro 6

107

MUTU 8 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 8.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti nkhanza, gombeza, ndi nyowa ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Mchitidwe wankhanza’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 8.2.2 pa tsamba 103. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.



1 Tchulani chuma chimene makolo adawasiyira ana awiriwa. 2 Fotokozani nkhanza yomwe ikuchitika mu nkhaniyi. 3 Kodi mudakakhala inu kuti muli ndi gombeza limodzi mukadatani?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira afotokoze mwachidule zomwe nkhaniyi ikunena.



108

MUTU 8 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi d alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi d





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: duku (du – ku = maphatikizo 2), tadala, adali, dothi, adalowa, akututa, Dola ndi akudoda.


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la d, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 8.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 27.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /d/ + /e/ = de. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: de, du, di, do, da. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga du + ku = duku. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: duku, lada, adalowa, dala, akudoda. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 27.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la du.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a d kuchokera pa makadi.


109

MUTU 8 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi d ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi d



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a d.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 28. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa kale pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi kuloserandi kulosera nkhaniyi.


Gwiritsani ziganizo zomwe zili pafupi ndi mbalame pa tsamba 28, unikani mmene ophunzira angawerengere.




Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi mtsikanayu akututa chiyani? 2 Nanga duku lake lada chifukwa chiyani? 3 Chifukwa chiyani anthu amavala duku?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti duku.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo.Uzaani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti akudoda kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



110






amva katchulidwe ka /t/ ndi /d/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /t/ ndi /d/

atchula dzina la lembo la t ndi d



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi t ndi d

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi t ndi d 3, 7 tsamba xviii

Kuwerenga ziganizo moyenera:

awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi t ndi d 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba lembo la t ndi d 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi t ndi d 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi t ndi d 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu




alosera nkhani



MUTU 9 Phunziro 1 s S

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MUTU 9 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /s/ atchula liwu la /s/ alemba lembo la s





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a ku, lu, wo pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 29.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha sefa chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 29 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /s/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /s/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: sema, tema, seka, taya, sukulu, kulemba, sesa, tuta ndi tambala.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: sema, tema, koka, tuta, seka, sesa, kusesa ndi tambala.


Phunzitsani dzina la lembo, lembo la s wamng’ono ndi lembo la S wamkulu.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira –Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la s wamng’ono ndi lembo la S wamkulu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 9 Phunziro 2

112

MUTU 9 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Mitengo.’ Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa chonde ndi zifuyo.



1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za chiyani? 2 Nanga mitengo anabzala kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Kuimba nyimbo ina iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziroli. Ndamanga Lembani m’buku lanu maganizo anu okhudza mmene ophunzira akukhozera poyankha mafunso ounika phunziro pa tsamba xv.

Mitengo

A Sungani adabzala mitengo mozungulira nyumba yawo. Adachita izi kuti ateteze nyumba yawo ku mphepo ya mkuntho. Iwo adabzalanso mitengo ya msangu m'munda mwawo kuti ibwezeretse chonde. Zifuyo za a Sungani zimadya ena mwa masamba a mitengoyi. A Sungani amapeza phindu lochuluka ndi zifuyozi. A Sungani amalangiza anthu za ubwino wobzala ndi kuteteza mitengo.


113

MUTU 9 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi s alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi s





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: sukulu (su – ku – lu = maphatikizo 3), sema, akusesa, sesa, akukoka, kusesa, asesa ndi kusukulu.


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la s, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 9.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 29.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /s/ + /u/ = su. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: su, sa, so, se, si. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga se ndi ma = sema. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: sema, sasa, sukulu, seka, sesa ndi kusesa. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 29.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la se.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a s kuchokera pa makadi.


114

MUTU 9 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi s ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi s



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a s.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi watula tomato ndani? 2 Kodi tomatoyu akuoneka mtundu wanji?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti tomato.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti tomato kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga Lembani m’buku lanu maganizo anu okhudza mmene ophunziraophunzira akukhozera poyankha mafunso ounika phunziro pa tsamba xv.

MUTU 9 Phunziro 5 p P

115

MUTU 9 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /p/ atchula liwu la /p/ alemba lembo la p





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a ta, ko, su pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 31.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha poto chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 31 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /p/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /p/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: poto, dala, tiana, pita, makolo, pano, lowa, popa, puma ndi nena.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: puma, malo, kana, popita, paka, koka, dala ndi pita.


Phunzitsani dzina la lembo, lembo la p wamng’ono ndi lembo la P wamkulu.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la p wamng’ono ndi lembo la P wamkulu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 9 Phunziro 6

116

MUTU 9 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 9.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti chonde ndi zifuyo ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Mitengo’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 9.2.2 pa tsamba 112. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunziraophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero.

1 Kodi a Sungani amabzala chiyani pa nyumba yawo? 2 Fotokozani ntchito za mitengo zomwe zatchulidwa m’nkhaniyi. 3 Kodi zifuyo zimawathandiza bwanji a Sungani?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)




117

MUTU 9 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi p alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi p





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: popita (po – pi – ta = maphatikizo 3), akupita, puma, sipuni, makope, pano, mapepala ndi kupesa.


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la p, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 9.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 31.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /p/ + /o/ = po. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: po, pe, pu, pa, pi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga, po + to = poto. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: poto, popita, puma, pita ndi makope. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 31.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la po.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a p kuchokera pa makadi.


118

MUTU 9 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi p ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi p

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Tchati la ziganizo, buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, makope ndi mapensulo


Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a p.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 32. Kambiranani ndi ophunziraophunzira zomwe akudziwa kale pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi kuloserandi kulosera nkhaniyi.






Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi anawa akupita kuti? 2 Fotokozani mwachidule zomwe zinachitika mu nkhaniyi. 3 Kodi mabuku tiwasamale bwanji kuti asade?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti popita.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo.Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti pepala kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



119






amva katchulidwe ka /s/ ndi /p/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /s/ ndi /p/

atchula dzina la lembo la s ndi p



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi s ndi p

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi s ndi p 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi s ndi p 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba lembo la s ndi p 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi s ndi p 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi s ndi p 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu




alosera nkhani



MUTU 10 Phunziro 1 nd

120

MUTU 10 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /nd/ atchula liwu la /nd/ alemba lembo la nd





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a do, wo, lu pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 33.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha ndalama chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 33 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /nd/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /nd/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: ndalama, mono, nawo, ndodo, ndolo, Dola, ndiwo, ndowa ndi mawu.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: ndalama, mono, sukulu, duku, ndowa, ndodo, kupesa, tituta ndi ndiwo.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la nd.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 10 Phunziro 2

121

MUTU 10 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Kusamala Ziwiya.’ Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa langiza ndi namwino.



1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikuchitikira pakhomo pa yani? 2 Chifukwa chiyani adapita ku chipatala?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


Kusamala ziwiya

Chikondi ndi banja lake amasamala pakhomo pawo. Iwo amalangiza ana awo kuti asamachite zauve. Tsiku lina mwana wina adayika chakudya m’mbale zosatsuka. Kenaka banja lonse linatsekula m’mimba. Atapita ku chipatala anamwino adawathandiza ndipo adawauza kuti azitsuka mbale nthawi zonse asanaikemo chakudya.


122

MUTU 10 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi nd alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi

nd





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: ndolo (ndo – lo = maphatikizo 2), kumunda, ndi, ndalama, ndiwo, ndodo, amakonda ndi ndulu.


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la nd, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 10.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 33.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /nd/ + /i/ = ndi. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: ndi, nde, nda, ndu, ndo. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga ndu + lu = ndulu. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: ndulu, ndodo, ndiwo, ndolo, ndalama ndi ndiwo. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 33.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la ndi.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a nd kuchokera pa makadi.


123

MUTU 10 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi nd ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi nd



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a nd.






Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani ophunzira kuwerenga ziganizo zomwe zili pafupi ndi mbalame pa tsamba 34 mofulumira ndi mopatsa chidwi.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi amakonda ndolo ndani? 2 Atate sanavale ndolo chifukwa chiyani? 3 Nanga ndolozi zabwera ndi yani?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti ndodo.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti ndiwo kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 10 Phunziro 5 ch

124

MUTU 10 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /ch/ atchula liwu la /ch/ alemba lembo la ch





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a le, pa, ke pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 35.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha chule chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 35 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /ch/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /ch/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: chala, dula, tola, chisa, chulu, kolola, chuma, dokotala, chete ndi tambala.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: chule, samala, koka, chimanga, pesa, ndine, chake, tola ndi cheka.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la ch.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 10 Phunziro 6

125

MUTU 10 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 10.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti langiza ndi namwino ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Kusamala ziwiya’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 10.2.2 pa tsamba 121. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.



1 Kodi a Chikondi amalangiza ana awo chiyani? 2 Kodi banjali lidachita chiyani atatsekula m’mimba? 3 Tchulani ziwiya zokonzera chakudya zomwe zimapezeka pakhomo panu. 4 Inu mumasamalira bwanji ziwiya za pakhomo panu? 5 Nanga ndi zinthu zinanso ziti zomwe zingatidwalitse?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)




126

MUTU 10 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi ch alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi

ch





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: chatupa (cha – tu – pa = maphatikizo 3), chule, chake, chipatala, chipinda, chala, chithunzi ndi chiwala.


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la ch, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 10.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 35.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /ch/ + /a/ = cha. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: cha, che, chu, chi, cho. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga chu + le = chule. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: chule, chala, chipatala, chake ndi chatupa. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 35.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la cha.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a ch kuchokera pa makadi.


127

MUTU 10 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi ch ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi ch



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a ch.





Ntchito 10.8.3 kuwerenga (Mphindi 8)



Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi Chisomo akulira chiyani? 2 Kodi adzapita ndi yani kuchipatala? 3 Fotokozani ubwino wopita ku chipatala.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti chala.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti chete kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



128






amva katchulidwe ka /nd/ ndi /ch/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /nd/ ndi /ch/

atchula dzina la lembo la nd ndi ch



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi nd ndi ch

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi nd ndi ch 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi nd ndi ch 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba lembo la nd ndi ch 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi nd ndi ch 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi nd ndi ch 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu




alosera nkhani



MUTU 11 Phunziro 1

129

MUTU 11 Phunziro 1



Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; bokosi la zithunzi zosiyanasiyana pa tsamba 37 Ntchito 1 ndi bokosi la pa tsamba 37 Ntchito 2 la buku la ophunzira; makadi a malembo a e, w, t, d, s, p, nd, ch


Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ya ‘Kutchula kwa maliwu’ pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /e/, /w/, /t/, /d/, /s/, /p/, /nd/, /ch/


Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 37. Yang'anani ndi kuloza chithunzi cha chinthu chomwe dzina lake limayamba ndi liwu la /e/. Tchulani dzina la chithunzicho. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi zithunzi zotsatira pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /w/, /t/, /d/, /s/, /p/, /nd/, /ch/. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Titchula liwu loyamba m’mayina a zinthu zili m’bokosi pa tsamba 37 Ntchito 1. Lozani chithunzi choyamba ndi kunena kuti: ili ndi diso. Liwu loyamba m’mawuwa ndi /d/, /d/. Uzani ophunzira atchule liwu loyamba la mayina a zinthu zina m’mabokosi otsatirawo. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Titchula mayina ndi maliwu a malembo. Onetsani ophunzira khadi la lembo la d ndi kufunsa ophunzira kuti atchule dzina la lembolo ndi liwu lake. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi malembo enawo kuchokera pa makadi ndi m’buku lawo pa tsamba 37.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yotchula maliwu awa: e/, /w/, /t/, /d/, /s/, /p/, /nd/, /ch/

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MUTU 11 Phunziro 2




Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; makadi a malembo aakulu ndi aang’ono a e, w, t, d, s, p, nd, ch; tchati cha chomwe mwajambulapo mabokosi awiri omwe akupezeka m'buku la ophunzira pa tsamba 38 Ntchito 3; makadi a maphatikizo omwe akupezeka pa tsamba 38 Ntchito 4





Ntchito 11.2.2 Kufananitsa malembo aang’ono ndi aakulu (Mphindi 7)

Tifananitsa malembo aang’ono ndi aakulu. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 38 Ntchito 3. Lozani e wamng'ono kenaka E wamkulu ndi kuwerenga pamene mukuloza lembo. Perekani makadi omwe mwalembapo Ntchito 3 m’magulu ndi kunena kuti: Fananitsani malembo aang'ono ndi aakulu. Funsani ophunzira awiri pa gulu lililonse kuti aonetse anzawo khadi la lembo laling’ono ndi lalikulu lomwe afananitsa. Ophunzira mmodzi aonetse lembo laling’ono ndipo ophunzira winayo aonetse khadi la lembo lalikulu.



Ntchito 11.2.4 Kuwerenga maphatikizo kuchokera (Mphindi 5)


Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo yowerenga maphatikizo ya ‘Pamchenga’.

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MUTU 11 Phunziro 3








Tichita sewero la Bingo m’magulu athu. Uzani ophunzira kuti muwafunsa funso ndipo akambirana m’magulu kuti apeze yankho. Akapeza yankholo, anene kuti ‘Bingo!’ mokweza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 39 Ntchito 5. Pezani mawu omwe ali ndi phatikizo la ta. Mukapeza mawuwo, nenani kuti Bingo mokweza. Pitirizani ndi maphatikizo ena monga le, ku, ndi se.

Mathero (Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole khadi la mawu ndi kuwerenga. Mawu ndi awa: ndolo, chule, tituta, duku, ndi sesa.

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MUTU 11 Phunziro 4

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga

maphatikizo afananitsa

maphatikizo achita sewero

lopanga mawu awerenga mawu

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; makadi angapo a maphatikizo a: se, chu, po, do, wa, si, ndo, ko, da, la, sa, to, wa, le, ta okwanira kugawa m'magulu omwe muli nawo m’kalasi mwanu.


Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo iliyonse yowerenga maphatikizo a: se, chu, po, do, wa, si, ndo, ko, da, la, sa, to, wa, le, ta

Ntchito 11.4.1 Kupanga mawu (Mphindi 8)

Tipanga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito maphatikizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 39 pomwe pali Ntchito 6. Sonyezani ophunzira momwe angapangire mawu pogwiritsa ntchito maphatikizo a m’gawo A ndi B. Uzani ophunzira kuti apitirize kupanga mawu ena m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimodzi.

Ntchito 11.4.2 Kuchita sewero lopanga mawu (Mphindi 16)

Tipanga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito maphatikizo. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 38 Ntchito 4. Sonyezani ophunzira momwe angachitire sewero lopanga mawu pogwiritsa ntchito makadi. Ophunzira achite sewero m’magulu mwawo.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo iliyonse yowerenga maphatikizo a: se, chu, po, do, wa, si, ndo, ko, da, la, sa, to, wa, le, ta

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MUTU 11 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga ziganizo awerenga mawu atsiriza ziganizo ndi

mawu oyenera awerenga nkhani ayankha mafunso

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; makadi a mawu omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziganizo zomwe ziri m’buku la ophunzira pa tsamba 40 Ntchito 7




Lembani ziganizo izi pa bolodi (pa tsamba 40 Ntchito 7): Onani tomato. Atate alima tomato. Tomato wina ndi woola. Tsopano tiwerenga ziganizo. Ndiwerenga ziganizozi ndekha, kenaka tiwerenga limodzi, pomaliza muwerenga nokha.



Ntchito 11.5.3 Kuwerenga ziganizo kuchokera pa mapepala (Mphindi 6)

Tiyeni tiwerenge ziganizo za pa mapepala. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge ziganizo zomwe mwapachika pa bolodi. Funsani ophunzira mmodzimmodzi kuti abwere kutsogolo ndi kuwerenga chiganizo chimodzi chomwe chili pa pepala.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira ajambule chilichonse chomwe akukumbukira kuchokera pa ziganizo zomwe awerenga zija m’makope mwawo. Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti aonetse nd ikufotokozera anzawo za zomwe ajambula.


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Kuyesa Ophunzira Kuyambira Phunziro 6 mpaka Phunziro 10, aphunzitsi yesani ophunzira onse pa zomwe mwakhala mukuphunzitsa m’sabata zinayi kuyambira Mutu 7. Tsatirani zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe zili m’munsimu koma sankhani malembo, maphatikizo, mawu ndi ziganizo zoti muwayese ophunzirawo. Koma musanatero chitani izi: Konzani ntchito yosiyanasiyana yomwe ophunzira achite m’magulu. Ikani ophunzira m’magulu. Pezani mtsogoleri pa gulu lililonse yemwe akutha kuwerenga. Perekani ntchito yoti ichitidwe m’magulu onse. Itanani atsogoleri a gulu lililonse kuti abwere kutsogolo ndipo apatseni malangizo a momwe angachitire ntchitoyi m’magulu mwawo. Uzani atsogoleri a gulu kuti aonetsetse kuti gulu lawo likuchita ntchito yomwe apatsidwa. Pamene ophunzira ena akuchita ntchitoyi, sankhani gulu limodzi lomwe muliyese. Itanani ophunzira mmodzimmodzi ndi kumuyesa zomwe waphunzira m’sabata za yam’mbuyo pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe zili pa phunziro 6 mpaka 10 pa mutu wobwereza uliwonse. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira omwe akuchita ntchito yawo moyenera ndipo amene akulephera akuthandizidwa ndi atsogoleri a gululo. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi ophunzira ena otsatirawo sabata ikubwerayi. Kumbukirani kulemba momwe wophunzira wakhozera m’buku lanu kuti zisaiwalike. Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera: Zipangizo zambiri zofunika poyesa ophunzirawa, mudakonza kale pophunzitsa m’mbuyomu monga; makadi kapena matchati a malembo, maphatikizo ndi mawu, ziganizo zolembedwa pa mapepala ndi mizere yoongoka bwino pa bolodi

Dzina la O

phunzira

1 = A


a 2 =

Wakhoza

pang’ono 3 =

Wakhoza bw

ino4 =

Wakhoza

kwam

biri

Mulingo

wakakhozedw

e Ku

bw

ereza nd

i Ku

yesa Op

hu

nzira











awerenga nkhani momwe muli mawu opangidwa kuchokera ku maliwu, malembo ndi maphatikizo omwe aphunzira kale




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MUTU 12 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /y/ atchula liwu la /y/ alemba mawu okhala ndi lembo la y





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a nda, wa, pa omwe ali pa tsamba 41 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 41. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa mtsikana akuyala, ndipomawu woti yala amayamba ndi liwu la /y/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /y/. Poyamba nditchula liwu kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /y/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi yala. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /y/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ndodo. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /y/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /y/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi yala. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ndodo. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi ndodo, wako, yalula, yenda, ndi nanu.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /y/. Mawu oyamba ndi yala. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga laka, yamba, wodwala, ndi yoyamba m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


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Mawu oyamba ndi yala. Liwu loyamba ndi /y/. Mawu ena ndi ndodo. Liwu loyamba ndi /nd/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi yala. Liwu loyamba ndi /y/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi ndodo, sesa, yalula, wina ndi yamba.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi yala. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga yanika, leka, wailesi, ndi yamba m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la y pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi y. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira Y wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani Y wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi Y wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 41. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la y. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la y ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la y wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la Y wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la y wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la Y wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la y m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la Y wamkulu. Yenderani m’kalasimo pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


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MUTU 12 Phunziro 2






Tilosera nkhani. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Zofuna za Zione.’ Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Tikudziwa chiyani za ...? Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikhoza kunenanso za chiyani. Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.




Zofuna za zione Nditaphunzira bwino, ndimafuna kudzakhala dokotala. Dokotala amagwira ntchito yochiza anthu ku matenda osiyanasiyana monga malungo, chimfine, chifuwa, likodzo ndi ena ambiri. Dokotala amathandizanso anthu ovulala ngati othyoka miyendo ndi ziwalo zina komanso kupsa ndi moto. Ndimalakalaka nditadzatsekula chipatala changa ndizidzathandiza bwino anthu powapatsa chithandizo choyenera. Choncho ndimalimbikira sukulu kuti ndidzakhale dokotala.

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Tikambirana matanthauzo a mawu. Nditchula mawu kenaka ndikufunsani matanthauzo a mawuwo. Mawu oyamba ndi ndimalakalaka mawu woti ndimalakalaka amatanthauza kuti kukhala ndi mtima wofuna chinthu. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pophunzitsa mawuwa. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka. Uzani ophunzira tanthauzo la mawuwa ndi kukambirana nawo ngati akudziwa matanthauzo ena. Perekani ziganizo zosachepera ziwiri zokhala ndi mawuwa. Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti anene ziganizo zokhala ndi mawuwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu ndi likodzo. Ndiwerenganso nkhaniyi ndipo mumvetserenso mawu atsopano amene tangophunzira aja. Imikani dzanja mukamva mawu atsopanowa. Mumvetserenso ngati muli mawu ena omwe tanthauzo lake simukulidziwa. Uzani ophunzira omwe apeza mawu ena omwe sakuwadziwa kuti amalizitse chiganizo ichi mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi: “Mawu amodzi omwe sindikuwadziwa mu nkhaniyi ndi …?” Kambiranani matanthauzo a mawu ena omwe ophunzira awatchule.


Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi Zione amafuna chiyani? 2 Chifukwa chiyani Zione amalimbikira sukulu?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


Ndamanga




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MUTU 12 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwa Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi y alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi y






Mawu ndi yanika. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: ya – ni – ka. Mawu akuti yanika ali ndi maphatikizo atatu. Mawu ena ndi ine. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: i – ne. Mawu akuti ine ali ndi maphatikizo awiri.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi yanika. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a yanika. Pitirizani ndi umu, imani, ndi akukoka.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi yanika. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a yanika. Pitirizani ndi ine, zikomo, ndi mabotolo.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la y. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /y/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 41. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la y pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la ya pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /y/ – /a/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: ya. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi yu.


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Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la ya ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /y/ – /a/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo ya. Bwerezani ndi yu ndi ye.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la ya. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /y/ – /a/ kenaka phatikizo la ya. Pitirizani ndi yi, yo ndi ye. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti yala pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: ya – la. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: yala. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi waya.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani yala pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: ya – la kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti yala. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi waya ndi yalula.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani yala pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: ya – la kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: yala. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi yanika, yoyola, ndi yalula. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 41 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la y lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi y. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi ya. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /y/ – /a/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi ya. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti ya. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere ya.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi ya. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo awa: yi ndi yo.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a y kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 12 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi y ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi y



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a y.











142


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti… (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti afotokoze mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Chifukwa chiyani amayi akuyanika usipa pa pepala? 2 Kodi usipa umakhala kuti? Tchulani zakudya zina zomwe timayanika.


Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi y, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi yala. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa yala. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi yala. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi yala. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu monga yoyola, yamikani, ndi yala pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti yalula kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga



MUTU 12 Phunziro 5 b B

143

MUTU 12 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /b/ atchula liwu la /b/ alemba lembo la b





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a lo, to, lu, wa omwe ali pa tsamba 43 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 43. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa botolo, ndipomawu woti botolo amayamba ndi liwu la /b/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /b/. Poyamba nditchula liwu, kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /b/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi bulu. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /b/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi dala. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /b/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /b/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi bulu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi dala. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi chala, boola, seka, ndi beseni.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /b/. Mawu oyamba ndi bulu. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga botolo, poto, bowa, ndi chimanga m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.




144

Mawu oyamba ndi bowa. Liwu loyamba ndi /b/. Mawu ena ndi nola. Liwu loyamba ndi /n/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi bowa. Liwu loyamba ndi /b/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi bulu, dala, bola, ndi makope.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi bowa. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga magazi, beseni, pepala, ndi botolo m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la b pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi b. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira B wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani B wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi Y wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 43. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la b. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la b ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la b wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la B wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la b wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la B wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la b m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la B wamkulu. Yenderani m’kalasimo pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 12 Phunziro 6

145

MUTU 12 Phunziro 6






Lero ndikuwerengerani nkhani yomwe mudamvetsera kale. Koma ndisanawerenge, tiunikanso matanthauzo amawu kuti timvetse nkhaniyi. Ndikuwerengerani nkhaniyi kenaka muyankha mafunso. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Zofuna za Zione.’ Tsopano tikambirananso matanthauzo a mawu omwe tidakambirana kale. Mawuwa ndi ndimalakalaka. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu woti ndimalakalaka mu chiganizo chomwe chikupereka tanthauzo la mawuwo.Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi likodzo. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawuwo.





Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Fotokozani ubwino wolimbikira sukulu. 2 Kodi inu mamafuna kudzakhala chiyani mukamaliza sukulu?

Mathero (Mphindi 3)


Zofuna za zione

Nditaphunzira bwino, ndimafuna kudzakhala dokotala. Dokotala amagwira ntchito yochiza anthu ku matenda osiyanasiyana monga malungo, chimfine, chifuwa, likodzo ndi ena ambiri. Dokotala amathandizanso anthu ovulala ngati othyoka miyendo ndi ziwalo zina komanso kupsa ndi moto. Ndimalakalaka nditadzatsekula chipatala changa ndizidzathandiza bwino anthu powapatsa chithandizo choyenera. Choncho ndimalimbikira sukulu kuti ndidzakhale dokotala.


146

MUTU 12 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi b alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi b






Mawu ndi bowa. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: bo – wa. Mawu okuti bowa ali ndi maphatikizo awiri. Mawu ena ndi timasesa. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: ti – ma – se – sa. Mawu akuti timasesa ali ndi maphatikizo zinayi.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi bowa. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a bowa. Pitirizani ndi gonani, lemba, ndi minibasi.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi bowa. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a bowa. Pitirizani ndi bolodi, banja, ndi mabuku.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la b. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /b/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 43. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la b pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la bu pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /b/ – /u/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: bu. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi bo.


147

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la bu ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /b/ – /u/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo bu. Bwerezani ndi bo ndi ba.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la bu. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /b/ – /u/ kenaka phatikizo la bu. Pitirizani ndi bi, be ndi ba. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti botolo pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: bo – to – lo. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: botolo. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi buku.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani botolo pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: bo–to–lo kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: botolo. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi buku ndi kuba.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani botolo pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: bo – to – lo kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: botolo. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi bowa, basi, ndi bulu. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 43 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la b lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi b. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi bu. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /b/ – /u/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi bu. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti bu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere bu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi bu. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo awa: bo ndi ba.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a b kuchokera pa makadi.


148

MUTU 12 Phunziro 8

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: afotokoza zomwe akuona m’chithunzi awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi b ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi b



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a b.


Tiyeni titsekule buku lathu pa tsamba 44. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi: Kodi m’chithunzichi mukuonapo chiyani? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho awo. Akumbutseni kuti atha kupeza zomwe nkhani ikukamba kuchokera pa zomwe akudziwa kale. Titha kulosera za nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe tikuona m’chithunzi. Tsopano tilosera nkhani. Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti afotokozere maganizo awo.



Ntchito 12.8.3 kuwerenga (Mphindi 8)






149


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Auzeni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho.

1 Tchulani dzina la bowa womwe watchulidwa mu nkhaniyi. 2 Chifukwa chiyani amayi ayika bowa mu beseni? 3 Kodi bowa umamera mnyengo yiti?


Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi b, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi bulu. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa bulu. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi bulu. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi bulu. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu monga bulu, beseni ndi bokosi pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti mabuku kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga




150






amva katchulidwe ka /y/ ndi /b/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /y/ ndi /b/

atchula dzina la lembo la y ndi b



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi y ndi b

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi y ndi b 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi y ndi b 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba lembo la y ndi b 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi y ndi b 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi y ndi b 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu:



Kumvetsera nkhani ndi kuyankha mafunso:

alosera nkhani



MUTU 13 Phunziro 1 z Z

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MUTU 13 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /z/ atchula liwu la /z/ alemba lembo la z





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a sa, ndo, we, to, wa omwe ali pa tsamba 45 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 45. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa zula, ndipomawu woti zula amayamba ndi liwu la /z/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /z/. Poyamba nditchula liwu kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /z/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi zula. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /z/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi yala. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /z/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /z/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi zula. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi yala. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi ziweto, leka, zakeyu, ndi yamba.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /z/. Mawu oyamba ndi zula. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga zala, duku, zina, zako, ndi sukulu m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.




152

Mawu oyamba ndi ziweto. Liwu loyamba ndi /z/. Mawu ena ndi duku. Liwu loyamba ndi /nz/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi ziweto. Liwu loyamba ndi /z/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi duku, tomato, Zakeyu, sukulu, ndi zala.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi ziweto. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga zolusa, yamba, zina, ndi bola m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la z pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi z. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira Z wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani Z wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi Z wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 45. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la z. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la z ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la z wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la Z wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la z wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la Z wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la z m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la Z wamkulu. Yenderani m’kalasimo pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 13 Phunziro 2

153

MUTU 13 Phunziro 2






Tilosera nkhani. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Mwana waulemu.’ Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Tikudziwa chiyani za ...? Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikhoza kunenanso za chiyani. Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.




Mwana waulemu

Zelifa adali mwana wachiwiri kubadwa m’banja la a Masamba. A Masamba adali mlenje ndipo pakhomo pawo padali posasowa ndiwo zankhwiru. Zelifa adali mwana waulemu komanso wathanzi. Iye amakonda kudya nyama zakudondo. Tsiku lina kunyumba kwa a Masamba kudabwera alongo awo omwe amakhala ku tawuni. Zelifa adapereka moni atagwada. Izi zidachititsa chidwi azakhali akewo.

MUTU 13 Phunziro 2

154


Mu nkhani ya Mwana waulemu tinamva mawu atsopano. Tikambirana matanthauzo a mawu. Mawu oyamba ndi nkhwiru. Mawu woti nkhwiru amatathauza kukonda kudya ndiwo za nyama. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pophunzitsa mawuwa. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka. Uzani ophunzira tanthauzo la mawuwa ndi kukambirana nawo ngati akudziwa matanthauzo ena. Perekani ziganizo zosachepera ziwiri zokhala ndi mawuwa. Funsani ophunzira angapo kuti anene ziganizo zokhala ndi mawuwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu ndi mlenje.

Ndiwerenganso nkhaniyi ndipo mumvetserenso mawu atsopano amene tangophunzira aja. Imikani dzanja mukamva mawu atsopanowa. Mumvetserenso ngati muli mawu ena omwe tanthauzo lake simukulidziwa. Uzani ophunzira omwe apeza mawu ena omwe sakuwadziwa kuti amalizitse chiganizo ichi mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi: “Mawu amodzi omwe sindikuwadziwa mu nkhaniyi ndi …?” Kambiranani matanthauzo a mawu ena omwe ophunzira awatchule.



1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani? 2 Nanga ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti akufotokoze zomwe amachita posonyeza ulemu.

Ndamanga




155

MUTU 13 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi z alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi z






Mawu ndi ziweto. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: zi–we–to. Mawu akuti ziweto ali ndi maphatikizo atatu. Mawu ena ndi zina. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: zi–na. Mawu akuti zina ali ndi maphatikizo awiri.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi ziweto. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a ziweto. Pitirizani ndi sonyeza, zina, zala, ndi maphunziro.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi ziweto. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a ziweto. Pitirizani ndi ndiza, azikamwa, ndi zakhali.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la z. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /z/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 45. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la z pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la zi pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /z/ – /i/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: zi. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi za.


156

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la zi ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /z/ – /i/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo zi. Bwerezani ndi za ndi zo.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la zi. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /z/ – /i/ kenaka phatikizo la zi. Pitirizani ndi zu, ze ndi zo. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti zula pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: zu–la. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: zula. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi zina.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani zula pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: zu–la kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: zula. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi zina ndi zolusa.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani zula pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: zu – la kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: zula. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi ziweto, zasowa, ndi izo. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 45 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la z lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi z. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi zi. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /z/ – /i/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi zi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti zi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere zi.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi zi. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lilonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo awa: za ndi zo.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a z kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 13 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi z ayankha mafunso ochokera pa

nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi z



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a z.


Tiyeni titsekule buku lathu pa tsamba 46. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi: Kodi mukuonapo chiyani? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho awo. Akumbutseni kuti atha kupeza zomwe nkhani ikukamba kuchokera pa zomwe akudziwa kale. Titha kulosera za nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe tikuona m’chithunzi. Tsopano tilosera nkhani. Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti afotokoze maganizo awo.









158


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi ziweto zili kuti? 2 Nanga ziweto zina zili kuti? 3 N’chifukwa chiyani ziweto zina zasowa?


Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi z, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi ziweto. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa ziweto. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi ziweto. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi ziweto. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu monga zili, zina, ndi zasowa pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti ziweto kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga


zakakhozedwe za phunziroli? 2 Ndi zizindikiro zakakhozedwe ziti zomwe ophunzira sanakwaniritse? 3 Ndichitapo chiyani kuti ophunzira onse akwaniritse zizindikiro zakakhozedwezi?

MUTU 13 Phunziro 5 g G

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MUTU 13 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /g/ atchula liwu la /g/ alemba lembo la g





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a yo, yi, nda, zi omwe ali pa tsamba 47 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 47. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa galu, ndipomawu woti galu amayamba ndi liwu la /g/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /g/. Poyamba nditchula liwu, kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /g/ Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi galu. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /g/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi dala. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /g/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /g/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi galu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi dala. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi gona, bulu, kulima, ndi gogodani.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /g/. Mawu oyamba ndi galu. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga koka, galimoto, chala, ndi gunda m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.




160

Mawu oyamba ndi gona. Liwu loyamba ndi /g/. Mawu ena ndi botolo. Liwu loyamba ndi /b/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi gona. Liwu loyamba ndi /g/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi gunda, mata, kulima, ndi gogo.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi gona. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga kuba, gawa, bulu, ndi yanika m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la g pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi g. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira G wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani G wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi G wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 47. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la g. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la g ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la g wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la G wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la g wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la G wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la g m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la G wamkulu. Yenderani m’kalasimo pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 13 Phunziro 6

161

MUTU 13 Phunziro 6






Lero ndikuwerengerani nkhani yomwe mudamvetsera kale. Koma ndisanawerenge, tiunikanso matanthauzo amawu kuti timvetse nkhaniyi.Ndikuwerengerani nkhaniyi kenaka muyankha mafunso. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Mwana Waulemu.’ Tsopano tikambirananso matanthauzo a mawu omwe tidakambirana kale. Mawuwa ndi mlenje. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu woti mlenje mu chiganizo chomwe chikupereka tanthauzo la mawuwo. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi nkhwiru. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawuwo.





Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi Zelifa adali wa khalidwe lotani? 2 Tchulani zinthu zina zomwe mungachite posonyeza ulemu? 3 Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndi chifukwa chiyani pakhomo pa a Masamba sipamasowa ndiwo?

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Funsani ophunzira kuti afotokoze mwachidule zomwe nkhaniyi ikunena.

Mwana waulemu Zelifa adali mwana wachiwiri kubadwa m’banja la a Masamba. A Masamba adali mlenje ndipo pakhomo pawo padali posasowa ndiwo za nkhwiru. Zelifa adali mwana waulemu komanso wathanzi. Iye amakonda kudya nyama za ku dondo. Tsiku lina kunyumba kwa a Masamba kudabwera alongo awo omwe amakhala ku tauni. Zelifa adapereka moni atagwada. Izi zidachititsa chidwi azakhali akewo.


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MUTU 13 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi g alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi g






Mawu ndi galu. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: ga–lu. Mawu okuti galu ali ndi maphatikizo awiri. Mawu ena ndi yoyola. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: yo–yo–la. Mawu akuti yoyola ali ndi maphatikizo atatu.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi galu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a galu. Pitirizani ndi chatupa, galimoto, ndi zolusa.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi galu. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a galu. Pitirizani ndi anagona, yagunda, ndi galuyo.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la g. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /g/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 47. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la g pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la gu pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti Yang’anani kuno: /g/–/u/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti gu. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi ga.


163

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la gu ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /g/–/u/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo gu. Bwerezani ndi ga ndi go.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la gu. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /g/–/u/ kenaka phatikizo la gu. Pitirizani ndi ga ndi gu. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti galu pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: ga–lu. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: galu. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi galimoto.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani galu pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: ga – lu kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti galu. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi galimoto ndi gunda.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani galu pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: ga – lu kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: galu. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi gona ndi magazi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 47 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la g lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi g. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi gu. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /g/–/u/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi gu. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti gu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere gu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi gu. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lilonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo awa: go ndi ga.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a g kuchokera pa makadi.


164

MUTU 13 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi g ayankha mafunso ochokera pa

nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi g



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a g.


Tiyeni titsekule buku lathu pa tsamba 48. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi: Kodi m’chithunzichi mukuonapo chiyani? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho awo. Tsopano tilosera nkhani. Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Funsani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.









165


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Auzeni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi galimotoyi yagunda chiyani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani galuyu wagundidwa? 3 Kodi anthu ndi ziweto tiyenera kutani kuti tipewe ngozi zapamsewu?


Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi g, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi galu. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa galu. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi galu. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi galu. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu monga galimoto, gunda, ndi gona pamakadipo. Auzeni ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti galu kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga



MUTU 13 Phunziro 9

166

MUTU 13 Phunziro 9

Phunziro 9 Izi ndi zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za sabata yonse. Sankhani zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe ophunzira ambiri sanakwaniritse ndi kubwereza phunziro lake. Mutha kubwereza phunziro lonse kapena kungobwereza ntchito zina mmene takambira ku chiyambi cha bukuli.




amva katchulidwe ka /z/ ndi /g/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /z/ ndi /g/

atchula dzina la lembo la z ndi g



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi z ndi g

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi z ndi g 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi z ndi g 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a z ndi g 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi z ndi g 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi z ndi g 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 13 Phunziro 10

167

MUTU 13 Phunziro 10

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira:

ayankha mafunso kuchokera mu nkhani awerenga mabuku oonjezera afotokoza zomwe awerenga m’mabuku oonjezera …

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Mabuku oonjezera, zipangizo zoyesera ophunzira, makadi osiyanasiyana


Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze nkhani ina iliyonse yomwe anawerengapo kapena adamvapo.

Ntchito 13.10.1 (Mphindi 25)

Tsopano tiwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Koma musanatero chitani izi. Ndondomeko yoyesera ophunzira: 1. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira ali m’magulu ndipo gulu lililonse likhale ndi mtsogoleri yemwe akutha kuwerenga. 2. Sonkhanitsani mabuku oonjezera osiyanasiyana. Gulu lililonse likhale ndi mabuku a mitu ya nkhani yofanana koma yosiyana ndi magulu ena. 3. Itanani atsogoleri a gulu lililonse kuti abwere kutsogolo ndipo apatseni malangizo a momwe angawerengere mabuku oonjezera m’magulu mwawo. 4. Uzani atsogoleri a gulu kuti atenge mabuku a gulu lawo ndi kuyamba kuwerenga. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira omwe akulephera kuwerenga akuthandizidwa moyenera ndi mtsogoleri wa gululo. 5. Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabukuwa itanani ophunzira mmodzimmodzi ndi kumuyesa zomwe waphunzira m’mutuwu pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe zili pa phunziro 10 pa mutu uliwonse kuyambira Mutu 13. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi ophunzira ena otsatirawo sabata ikubwerayi. Kumbukirani kulemba momwe wophunzira wakhozera m’buku lanu kuti zisaiwalike. 6. Mukatha kuyesa ophunzira patsikuli, uzani ophunzira kuti aleke kuwerenga ndipo uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Uzani atsogoleri a gulu kuti atololele mabuku a gulu lawo ndi kubweretsa kutsogolo. Ikani mabukuwa patebulo, pamkeka kapena pamphasa. Kenaka uzani ophunzira aliyense kuti asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuti akawerenge kunyumba. 7. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku oonjezera kuti akawerenge kunyumba. Uzani ophunzira kuti mudzawafunsa mafunso pa buku lomwe abwereke. 8. Kumbukirani kuchita kalembera wa mabuku omwe ophunzira abwereka.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo yogwirizana ndi phunziroli.

MUTU 14 Phunziro 1 r R

168

MUTU 14 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /r/ atchula liwu la /r/ alemba lembo la r





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a ka, wi, si, li pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 49.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha lira chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 49 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /r/. (Liwu limeneli lili mkati mwa mawu osati kumayambiriro.)


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu ndi liwu la /r/. (Liwu la /r/ lili mkati mwa mawu osati kumayambiriro). Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: lira, mono, lero, wina, lera ndi bowa


Phunzitsani dzina la lembo, lembo la r wamng’ono ndi lembo la R wamkulu.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la r wamng’ono ndi lembo la R wamkulu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 14 Phunziro 2

169

MUTU 14 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Pa dwale.’ Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana. Ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa: dwale ndi kubuula.



1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za chiyani? 2 Kodi nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ya “Padwale timatere posewera” uku mukutchula malembo omwe ophunzira adaphunzira kale.

Pa dwale Pa sukulu ina padali mnyamata dzina lake Phula. Tsiku lina iye adadwala. Pobwera kunyumba Phula adagona panjira. Adagona pafupi ndi dwale. Posakhalitsa, mnyamata wina dzina lake Tondwa adali kudutsa popita kunyumba kwawo. Tondwa akudutsa pafupi ndi dwale lija, adamva kubuula, “Mayo! Mayo!” Iye atayang’ana ku dwaleko adaona kuti adali Phula ankabuulayo. Tondwa adafunsa, “kodi watani Phula?” Phula adayankha, “Ndadwala”. “Usadandaule, ndikutengera kuchipatala,” anatero Tondwa.


170

MUTU 14 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi r alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi r





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: lira (li – ra = maphatikizo 2), waya, awiri, silira, zolusa, zasowa ndi awiri


Unikani mawu ndi lembo la r, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 14.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 49.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /r/ + /a/ = ra. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: ro, ru, re, ri. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga li + ra = lira. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: lira, lero, awiri ndi sirira. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 49.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la ra.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a r kuchokera pa makadi.


171

MUTU 14 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi r ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi r



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a r.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi ana akutani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani anawa akulira? 3 Inu mukuganiza kuti amayi awo a anawa akupita kuti?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti akulira.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti akulira kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 14 Phunziro 5 f F

172

MUTU 14 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /f/ atchula liwu la /f/ alemba lembo la f





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a ga, si, ku pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 51.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha fulu chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 51 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /f/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /f/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: fulu, gona, kuba, funa, fika, poto, fisi ndi cheka


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: fanana, poto, fulu, kuba, funa, fika ndi tituta


Phunzitsani dzina la lembo, lembo la f wamng’ono ndi lembo la F wamkulu.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la f wamng’ono ndi lembo la F wamkulu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 14 Phunziro 6

173

MUTU 14 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 14.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti kubuula ndi dwale ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Pa dwale’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 14.2.2 pa tsamba 169. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.



1 Kodi Phula amalira motani? 2 Kodi Tondwa adachita chiyani kwa Phula? 3 N’chifukwa chiyani Tondwa adaganiza zomutengera Phula ku chipatala?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ya “Padwale timatere posewera” uku mukutchula malembo omwe ophunzira adaphunzira kale.



174

MUTU 14 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi f alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi f





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: fulu (fu–lu = maphatikizo 2), fanana, chete, bulu, funafuna, waba ndi fisi


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la f, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 14.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 51.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /f/ + /i/ = fi. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: fe, fu, fo, fa. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga fu + lu = fulu. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: fisi, fanana, funa ndi ife. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 51.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la fi.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a f kuchokera pa makadi.


175

MUTU 14 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi f ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi f



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a f.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi agalu akuuwa chiyani? 2 Kodi fisiyu amafuna chiyani? 3 N’chifukwa chiyani agaluwa akuuwa fisiyu?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti fisi.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti fisi kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 14 Phunziro 9

176

MUTU 14 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /r/ ndi /f/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /r/ ndi /f/

atchula dzina la lembo la r ndi f



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi r ndi f

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi r ndi f 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi r ndi f 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a r ndi f 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi r ndi f 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi r ndi f 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 14 Phunziro 10

177

MUTU 14 Phunziro 10


ayankha mafunso kuchokera mu nkhani awerenga mabuku oonjezera afotokoza zomwe awerenga m’mabuku oonjezera …

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Mabuku oonjezera, zipangizo zoyesera ophunzira, makadi osiyanasiyana


Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti afotokoze nkhani zomwe adawerenga m’mabuku oonjezera omwe adabwereka sabata yatha.

Ntchito 14.10.1 (Mphindi 25)

Tsopano tiwerenga mabuku oonjezera. Koma musanatero chitani izi. Ndondomeko yoyesera ophunzira: 1. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira ali m’magulu ndipo gulu lililonse likhale ndi mtsogoleri yemwe akutha kuwerenga. 2. Sonkhanitsani mabuku oonjezera osiyanasiyana. Gulu lililonse likhale ndi mabuku a mitu ya nkhani yofanana koma yosiyana ndi magulu ena. 3. Itanani atsogoleri a gulu lililonse kuti abwere kutsogolo ndipo apatseni malangizo a momwe angawerengere mabuku oonjezera m’magulu mwawo. 4. Uzani atsogoleri a gulu kuti atenge mabuku a gulu lawo ndi kuyamba kuwerenga. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira omwe akulephera kuwerenga akuthandizidwa moyenera ndi mtsogoleri wa gululo. 5. Pamene ophunzira akuwerenga mabukuwa itanani ophunzira mmodzimmodzi ndi kumuyesa zomwe waphunzira m’mutuwu pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe zili pa phunziro 10 pa mutu uliwonse kuyambira Mutu 14. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi ophunzira ena otsatirawo sabata ikubwerayi. Kumbukirani kulemba momwe wophunzira wakhozera m’buku lanu kuti zisaiwalike. 6. Mukatha kuyesa ophunzira patsikuli, uzani ophunzira kuti aleke kuwerenga ndipo uzani ophunzira kuti afotokoze zomwe awerenga. Uzani atsogoleri a gulu kuti atololele mabuku a gulu lawo ndi kubweretsa kutsogolo. Ikani mabukuwa patebulo, pamkeka kapena pamphasa. Kenaka uzani ophunzira aliyense kuti asankhe buku lomwe akufuna kuti akawerenge kunyumba. 7. Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku oonjezera kuti akawerenge kunyumba. Uzani ophunzira kuti mudzawafunsa mafunso pa buku lomwe abwereke. 8. Kumbukirani kuchita kalembera wa mabuku omwe ophunzira abwereka.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo yogwirizana ndi phunziroli.

MUTU 15 Phunziro 1 h H

178

MUTU 15 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /h/ atchula liwu la /h/ alemba lembo la h





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a bu, wu, gu pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 53.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha hamala chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 53 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /h/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /h/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: hamala, chala, hutala, yalula, Henere, ndi fulu


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: hamala, Hana, sonyeza, hema, wala, Hana, habu ndi yoyamba.


Phunzitsani dzina la lembo, lembo la h wamng’ono ndi lembo la H wamkulu.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la h wamng’ono ndi lembo la H wamkulu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 15 Phunziro 2

179

MUTU 15 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Nkhalango ya Kalowe’. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa wirira ndi nkhalango.



1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani? 2 Nanga ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Kuimba nyimbo ya kusamvera.

Nkhalango ya kalowe Pakati pa mudzi wa Bingo ndi wa Luwinga padali nkhalango yowirira kwambiri yotchedwa Kalowe. Anthu a m’midzi iwiriyi amavutika kwambiri kuti ayenderane chifukwa m’nkhalangoyi mudali nyama zoopsa zomwe zinkawagwira akamadutsamo. Choncho anthuwa akafuna kudutsa amayenda gulu. Mfumu za m’midziyi zinkachenjeza anthu awo pafupipafupi za kuopsa kwankhalangoyi. Tsiku lina m’mudzi mwa Luwinga mudafika mlendo wochokera ku dziko la kutali. Ndipo mfumu idamulandira. Iyo siinazengereze kufotokoza za nkhalango ya Kalowe ndi kuopsa kwake. Koma iye adafunitsitsa kuti akafikeko basi. Ndipo adanyamuka yekha anthu onse atamukanira. Zachisoni mlendoyu sadaonekenso.


180

MUTU 15 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi h alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi h





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: hamala (ha – ma – la = maphatikizo 3), ofanana, mahewu, habu, hema ndi hutala


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la h, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 15.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 53.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /h/ + /a/ = ha. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: hu, ho, he, hi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga he + ma = hema. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: habu, mahewu, hutala ndi hamala. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 53.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la ha.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a h kuchokera pa makadi.


181

MUTU 15 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi h ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi h



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a h.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi atate agula chiyani? 2 Kodi atate akufuna akaike zimenezi kuti? 3 Kodi habu ndi hamala amagwiritsa ntchito yanji?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti hamala.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti hamala kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 15 Phunziro 5 j J

182

MUTU 15 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /j/ atchula liwu la /j/ alemba lembo la j





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a la, zi, si pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 55.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha jekete chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 55 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /j/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /j/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: jowa, pata, galu, Juni, chinthu, jekete, ndodo, ndi juzi.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: jekete, gunda, chake, galu, Juni, chala, ndi juzi.


Phunzitsani dzina la lembo, lembo la j wamng’ono ndi lembo la J wamkulu.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la j wamng’ono ndi lembo la J wamkulu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 15 Phunziro 6

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MUTU 15 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 15.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti nkhalango ndi wirira ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Nkhalango ya kalowe’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 15.2.2 pa tsamba 179. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.



1 Kodi kusamvera kwa mlendoyu kudali kotani? 2 Kodi mukuganiza kuti ndi chifukwa chiyani mlendoyu sadaonekenso? 3 Fotokozani mwachidule zomwe inu mukadachita mukadakhala mlendoyu?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti ajambule nyama imodzi yoopsa yomwe ingapezeke m’nkhalango.



184

MUTU 15 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi j alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi j





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: jekete (je – ke – te = maphatikizo 3), hema, funafuna, yanika, chipatala, ndi jasi


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la j, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 15.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 55.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /j/ + /a/ = ja. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: jo, je, ju, ndi ji. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga, je+ke+te = jekete. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: juzi, jasi, jowa, Juni. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 55.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la je.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a j kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 15 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi j ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi j



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a j.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi ndi mwezi uti womwe umazizira? 2 Kodi jekete la amayi ndi lotani? 3 N’chifukwa chiyani Joni, amayi ndi atate avala juzi ndi majekete?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti juzi.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti juzi kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



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MUTU 15 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /h/ ndi /j/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /h/ ndi /j/

atchula dzina la malembo a h ndi j



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi h ndi j

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi h ndi j 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi h ndi j 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a h ndi j 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi h ndi j 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi h ndi j 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 15 Phunziro 10

Phunziro 10 Chitani chimodzimodzi ngati pa Mutu 14 Phunziro 10 pa tsamba 177.

MUTU 16 Phunziro 1

187

MUTU 16 Phunziro 1



Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; bokosi la zithunzi zosiyanasiyana pa tsamba 57 Ntchito 1 ndi bokosi la pa tsamba 57 Ntchito 2 la buku la ophunzira; makadi a malembo a y, b, z, g, r, f, h, j


Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ya ‘Kutchula kwa maliwu’ pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /y/, /b/, /z/, /g/, /r/, /f/, /h/, /j/


Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 57. Yang'anani ndi kuloza chithunzi cha chinthu chomwe dzina lake limayamba ndi liwu la /y/. Tchulani dzina la chithunzicho. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi zithunzi zotsatira pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /y/, /b/, /z/, /g/, /r/, /f/, /h/, /j/. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Titchula liwu loyamba m’mayina a zinthu zili m’bokosi pa tsamba 57 Ntchito 1. Lozani chithunzi choyamba ndi kunena kuti: uyu ndi yala. Liwu loyamba m’mawuwa ndi /y/, /y/. Uzani ophunzira atchule liwu loyamba la mayina a zinthu zina m’mabokosi otsatirawo. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Titchula mayina ndi maliwu a malembo. Onetsani ophunzira khadi la lembo la y ndi kufunsa ophunzira kuti atchule dzina la lembolo ndi liwu lake. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi malembo enawo kuchokera pa makadi ndi m’buku lawo pa tsamba 57.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yotchula maliwu awa: /y/, /b/, /z/, /g/, /r/, /f/, /h/, /j/

MUTU 16 Phunziro 2

188

MUTU 16 Phunziro 2




Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; makadi a malembo aakulu ndi aang’ono a y, b, z, g, r, f, h, j; tchati cha chomwe mwajambulapo mabokosi awiri omwe akupezeka m'buku la ophunzira pa tsamba 58 Ntchito 3; makadi a maphatikizo omwe akupezeka pa tsamba 58 Ntchito 4





Ntchito 16.2.2 Kufananitsa malembo aang’ono ndi aakulu (Mphindi 7)Tifananitsa malembo aang’ono ndi aakulu. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 58 Ntchito 3. Lozani y wamng'ono kenaka Y wamkulu ndi kuwerenga pamene mukuloza lembo. Perekani makadi omwe mwalembapo Ntchito 3 m’magulu ndi kunena kuti: Fananitsani malembo aang'ono ndi aakulu. Uzani ophunzira awiri pa gulu lililonse kuti aonetse anzawo khadi la lembo laling’ono ndi lalikulu lomwe afananitsa. Ophunzira mmodzi aonetse lembo laling’ono ndipo ophunzira winayo aonetse khadi la lembo lalikulu.



Ntchito 16.2.4 Kuwerenga maphatikizo kuchokera (Mphindi 5

Titsekule mabuku athu pa tsamba 58. Tiyeni tiwerenge limodzi maphatikizo omwe ali m’bokosi pa Ntchito 4. Tiwerenge motsata mzere ndi motsika. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, mmodzimmodzi, awiriawiri ndi m’mizere.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo yowerenga maphatikizo ndi mathero a Phunziro 2.

MUTU 16 Phunziro 3

189

MUTU 16 Phunziro 3


Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera: Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; makadi a mawu omwe mwalembapo mawu opezeka m’buku la ophunzira pa tsamba 59 Ntchito 5






Tichita sewero la Bingo m’magulu athu. Uzani ophunzira kuti muwafunsa funso ndipo akambirana m’magulu kuti apeze yankho. Akapeza yankholo, anene kuti ‘Bingo!’ mokweza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 59 Ntchito 5. Pezani mawu omwe ali ndi phatikizo la ya. Mukapeza mawuwo, nenani kuti Bingo mokweza. Pitirizani ndi maphatikizo ena monga lu, la, ndi na.

Mathero (Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole khadi la mawu ndi kuwerenga. Mawu ndi awa: zolusa, kula, botolo, mahewu, ndi habu.

MUTU 16 Phunziro 4

190

MUTU 16 Phunziro 4

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo afananitsa maphatikizo achita sewero lopanga mawu awerenga mawu

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; makadi angapo a maphatikizo a: yi, be, zo, ga, yu, ba, zu okwanira kugawa m'magulu omwe muli nawo m’kalasi mwanu.


Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo iliyonse yowerenga maphatikizo a: yi, be, zo, ga, yu, ba, zu


Lembani maphatikizo omwe ali pa tsamba 58 Ntchito 4 pa bolodi. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizowa, kalasi lonse, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimodzi.


Tiyeni titsekule mabuku athu pa tsamba 59. Tiyeni tiwerenge mawu omwe ali m’bokosi pa Ntchito 5 limodzi. Tiwerenge motsata mzere ndi motsika. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, mmodzimmodzi, awiriawiri ndi m’mizere.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi Phunziro 3.

MUTU 16 Phunziro 5

191

MUTU 16 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga ziganizo

awerenga mawu atsiriza ziganizo ndi


Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; makadi a mawu omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziganizo zomwe zili m’buku la ophunzira pa tsamba 59 Ntchito 6




Lembani ziganizo izi pa bolodi (pa tsamba 59 Ntchito 6): Tadala waona chona. Chona akujowa. Akufuna kugona pa tebulo. Tsopano tiwerenga ziganizo. Ndiwerenga ziganizozi ndekha, kenaka tiwerenga limodzi, pomaliza muwerenga nokha.



Ntchito 16.5.3 Kuika mawu oyenera m’mipata ya ziganizo (Mphindi 6)

Lembani ziganizo za pa tsamba 60, Ntchito 7 pa bolodi kapena pa tchati. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe angatsirizire ziganizozi. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe m’makope mwawo.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Kuimba ndi ophunzira nyimbo iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziro.


192



Dzina la

Ophunzira

1 = A


a 2 =

Wakhoza

pang’ono 3 =

Wakhoza

bwino

4 = W

akhoza kw

ambiri

Mulingo

wakakhozedw

e Ku

bw

ereza nd

i Ku

yesa Op

hu

nzira















MUTU 17 Phunziro 1 v V

193

MUTU 17 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /v/ atchula liwu la /v/ alemba lembo la v





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a go, me, ra, chi omwe ali pa tsamba 61 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 61. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa vava, ndipomawu woti vava amayamba ndi liwu la /v/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /v/. Poyamba nditchula liwu kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /v/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi vava. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /v/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi yala. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /v/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /v/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi vava. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi yala. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi hutala, vula, yalula, ndi vomera.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /v/. Mawu oyamba ndi vava. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga vala, fulu, poto, ndi vuka m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


194



Mawu oyamba ndi vava. Liwu loyamba ndi /v/. Mawu ena ndi yala. Liwu loyamba ndi /y/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi vava. Liwu loyamba ndi /v/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi yala, funa, vala, wina ndi vuka.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi vava. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga fisi, vomera, bulu, ndi vuka m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira dzina la lembo. Lembani kapena onetsani lembo la v pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Dzina la lemboli ndi v. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Onetsetsani kuti ophunzira akutchula dzina la lembo molondola. Tsopano tiphunzira V wamkulu. Lembani kapena onetsani V wamkulu pa bolodi kapena pa khadi. Lozani lemboli ndi kunena kuti: Uyu ndi V wamkulu. Tiyeni titchulire limodzi. Tsopano tchulani nokha. Tsekulani buku lanu pa tsamba 61. Onani pomwe pali kalulu. Kodi mukuonapo lembo lanji?


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la v. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la v ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la v wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi lembo la V wamkulu.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la v wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena (zitchetche zake) kalembedwe kake. Bwerezani ndi lembo la V wamkulu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la v m’makope mwawo. Bwerezani ndi lembo la V wamkulu. Yenderani pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 17 Phunziro 2

195

MUTU 17 Phunziro 2


Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera: Buku la mphunzitsi; zipangizo zina zomwe zingathandize kuphunzitsa phunziroli.




Tilosera nkhani. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Chilengedwe.’ Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Tikudziwa chiyani za ...? Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikhoza kunenanso za chiyani. Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.




Chilengedwe

M’mudzi mwa Chagoma mudali bambo wina yemwe amakonda kudula mitengo. Tsiku lina akudula mitengo, adaona malodza: Mitengo idayamba kulira ndi kuyankhula. Kenaka adaona kuti mitengo yonse idayamba kuyenda kulunjika komwe adaima. Mosazengereza, iye adaliyatsa liwiro, kuthawa zamalodzazo. Mitengo ija idamuthamangitsa kwambiri. Kuyambira tsiku limenelo, adachimina ndipo adasiya kudula mitengo.

MUTU 17 Phunziro 2

196


Mu nkhani ya Chilengedwe tinamva mawu atsopano. Tikambirana matanthauzo a mawu. Mawu oyamba ndi malodza. Malodza amatathauza kuti zodabwitsa.

Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pophunzitsa mawuwa. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka. Uzani ophunzira tanthauzo la mawuwa ndi kukambirana nawo ngati akudziwa matanthauzo ena. Perekani ziganizo zosachepera ziwiri zokhala ndi mawuwa. Funsani ophunzira angapo kuti anene ziganizo zokhala ndi mawuwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu woti adachimina. Ndiwerenganso nkhaniyi ndipo mumvetserenso mawu atsopano amene tangophunzira aja. Imikani dzanja mukamva mawu atsopanowa. Mumvetserenso ngati muli mawu ena omwe tanthauzo lake simukulidziwa. Uzani ophunzira omwe apeza mawu ena omwe sakuwadziwa kuti amalizitse chiganizo ichi mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi: “Mawu amodzi omwe sindikuwadziwa Mu nkhaniyi ndi …?” Kambiranani matanthauzo a mawu ena omwe ophunzira awatchule.




Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti akujambule mitengo.

Ndamanga




197

MUTU 17 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi v alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi v






Mawu ndi vala. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: va – la. Mawu akuti vala ali ndi maphatikizo awiri. Mawu ena ndi wavula. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: wa – vu – la. Mawu akuti wavula ali ndi maphatikizo atatu.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi vala. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a vala. Pitirizani ndi vuta, ovulala, ndi akuveka.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi vala. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a vala. Pitirizani ndi anavala, kuvula, ndi sanavale.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la v. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /v/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 61. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la v pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la va pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /v/ – /a/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: va. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi vu.


198

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la va ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /v/ – /a/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo va. Bwerezani ndi vu ndi ve.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la va. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /v/ – /a/ kenaka phatikizo la va. Pitirizani ndi vi, vo ndi ve. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti vala pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: va – la. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: vala. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi vuka.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani vala pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: va – la kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: vala. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi vuka ndi vomera.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani vala pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: va – la kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: vala. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi velo, vula, ndi vomera. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 61 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la v lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi v. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi va. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /v/ – /a/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi va. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti va. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere va.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi va. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo awa: ve ndi vu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a v kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 17 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi v ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi v



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a v.











200


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi Joni anavala chiyani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani Joni wavula chipewa ataona agogo? 3 Kodi ana amapeza phindu lanji akapereka ulemu?


Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi v, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi vula. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa vula. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi vula. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi vula. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu monga vuka, vomera ndi velo pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti vula kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga



MUTU 17 Phunziro 5 dz

201

MUTU 17 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /dz/ atchula liwu la /dz/ alemba lembo la dz





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a te, ra, lo, re omwe ali pa tsamba 63 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 63. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa dzira, ndipomawu woti dzira amayamba ndi liwu la /dz/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /dz/. Poyamba nditchula liwu, kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /dz/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi dzira. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /dz/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ndolo. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /dz/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /dz/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi dzira. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ndolo. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi jowa, dzana, dzuwa, ndi chule.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /dz/. Mawu oyamba ndi dzira. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga dzana, jombo, galimoto ndi dziko m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


202



Mawu oyamba ndi dzana. Liwu loyamba ndi /dz/. Mawu ena ndi gunda. Liwu loyamba ndi /g/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi dzana. Liwu loyamba ndi /dz/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi gunda, ndodo, ndi dzuka.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi dzana. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga dzira, juzi, dzulo, ndi madzi m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la dz. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la dz ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la dz wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la dz wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena kalembedwe kake.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la dz m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 17 Phunziro 6

203

MUTU 17 Phunziro 6






Lero ndikuwerengerani nkhani yomwe mudamvetsera kale. Koma ndisanawerenge, tiunikanso matanthauzo amawu kuti timvetse nkhaniyi. Ndikuwerengerani nkhaniyi kenaka muyankha mafunso. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Chilengedwe.’ Tsopano tikambirananso matanthauzo a mawu omwe tidakambirana kale. Mawuwa ndi malodza. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu woti malodza mu chiganizo chomwe chikupereka tanthauzo la mawuwo. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi adachimina. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawuwo.




Chilengedwe

M’mudzi mwa Chagoma munali bambo wina yemwe amakonda kudula mitengo. Tsiku lina akudula mtengo, adaona malodza: Mitengo idayamba kulira ndi kuyankhula. Kenaka adaona kuti mitengo yonse idayamba kuyenda kulunjika komwe adaima. Mosazengereza, iye adaliyatsa liwiro, kuthawa zamalodzazo. Mitengo ija idamuthamangitsa kwambiri. Kuyambira tsiku limenelo, adachimina ndipo adasiya kudula mitengo.

MUTU 17 Phunziro 6

204


Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi malodza omwe anaona bambayu ndi wotani? 2 Chomwe chakumvetsani chisoni mu nkhaniyi ndi chiyani? 3 Kodi mukuganiza kuti kuipa kodula mitengo ndi kotani? 4 Fotokonzani momwe mungasamalire chilengedwe?

Mathero (Mphindi 3)


Ndamanga




205

MUTU 17 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi dz alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi dz






Mawu ndi dzulo. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: dzu – lo. Mawu okuti dzulo ali ndi maphatikizo awiri. Mawu ena ndi dziwika. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: dzi – wi – ka. Mawu akuti dziwika ali ndi maphatikizo atatu.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi dzulo. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a dzulo. Pitirizani ndi wavula, jombo, ndi dzana.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi dzulo. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a dzulo. Pitirizani ndi dzuwa, kudziwa, ndi madzi.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la dz. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /fz/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 63. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la dz pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la dzu pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /dz/ – /u/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: dzu. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi dzi.


206

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la dzu ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /dz/ – /u/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo dzu. Bwerezani ndi dzi ndi dza.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la dzu. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /dz/ – /u/ kenaka phatikizo la dzu. Pitirizani ndi dzo, dza ndi dzi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti dzira pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: dzi – ra. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: dzira. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi madzi.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani dzira pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: dzi – ra kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: dzira. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi madzi ndi dzana.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani dzira pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: dzi – ra kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: dzira. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi dzulo, mudzi, ndi dzana. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 63 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la dz lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi dz. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi dzu. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /dz/ – /u/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi dzu. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti dzu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere dzu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi dzu. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lilonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo awa: dzi ndi dza.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a dz kuchokera pa makadi.


207

MUTU 17 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi dz ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi dz



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a dz.











208


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti. (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi amayi atereka chiyani pamoto? 2 Kodi madzulo amayi adyera chiyani? 3 N’chifukwa chiyani lero ati adyere luni ndi mazira pomwe dzana adadyera usipa?


Tsopano tilemba mawu mwaluso. Poyamba, ndilemba mawu okhala ndi dz, kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Mawu ndi dzira. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba mawuwa dzira. Tchulani liwu lililonse motsindika mukamalilemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani mawuwo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Mawu ndi dzira. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene mawu pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Mawu ndi dzira. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu monga madzi, mudzi, dzulo, ndi dzana pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti dzira kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga




209

MUTU 17 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /v/ ndi /dz/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /v/ ndi /dz/

atchula dzina la malembo a v ndi dz



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi v ndi dz

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi v ndi dz 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi v ndi dz 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a v ndi dz 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi v ndi dz 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi v ndi dz 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 17 Phunziro 10


MUTU 18 Phunziro 1 mw

210

MUTU 18 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /mw/ atchula liwu la /mw/ alemba lembo la mw





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a se, zi, ke, no pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 65.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha mwana chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 65 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /mw/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /mw/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: mwana, ndiwo, mwano, makutu, mwangozi, mana


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: mwana, wanzeru, mwezi, ndodo, dzira, mwala


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la mw.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 18 Phunziro 2

211

MUTU 18 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Msodzi’. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana. Ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa msodzi, ukonde, ndi mono.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani? 2 Kodi nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)



Msodzi Dzina langa ndine Wisiki. Ndimakhala pafupi ndi mtsinje waukulu. Bambo anga ndi msodzi. Amapha nsomba zosiyanasiyana ndi kugulitsa. Nsomba zina timadya ngati ndiwo pakhomo pathu. Ine ndimakonda nsomba za mtundu wa Kampango, Bombe, mcheni, Mlamba, ndi Kambuzi. Koma masiku ano nsomba zikuchepa m’nyanja ndi m’mitsinje yathu. Alangizi ansomba akulangiza asodzi kuti achepetse usodzi wa nsomba kuti zichulukanenso. Kale bambo anga amagwiritsa ntchito ukonde pakupha nsomba. Koma masiku ano amagwiritsa ntchito mono ndi mbedza. Zipangizo ziwirizi zimapha nsomba zochepa pa nthawi.


212

MUTU 18 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi mw alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi

mw





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: mwezi (mwe – zi = maphatikizo 2), matope, ukawala, mwana, amasewera, mwala, madzulo


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la mw, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 18.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 65.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /mw/ + /e/ = mwe. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: mwa, mwi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga mwa + na = mwana. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: mwezi, mwala, mwano, mwake. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 65.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la mwa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a mw kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 18 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi mw ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi mw



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a mw.









1 Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani ana akusewera? 2 Kodi iwo amakonda kusewera nthawi yanji? 3 N’chifukwa chiyani amakonda kusewera mwezi ukawala?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti mwezi.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti mwezi kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 18 Phunziro 5 nz

214

MUTU 18 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /nz/ atchula liwu la /nz/ alemba lembo la nz





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a mwa, ru, ze, ye pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 67.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha nzimbe chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 67 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /nz/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /nz/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: nzimbe, jowa, dziko, nzeru, choka, mzati, nzama, mwana, nzika, ziweto


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: nzama, dzuka, mana, mwera, nzika, nzeru ndi vomera


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la nz.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 18 Phunziro 6

215

MUTU 18 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 18.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti msodzi, ukonde, ndi mono ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Msodzi’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 18.2.2 pa tsamba 211. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.



1 N’chifukwa chiyani bambo Wisiki amagwiritsa ntchito mono ndi mbedza powedza nsomba?

2 Tchulani ubwino wa nsomba kwa anthu?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti ayimbe nyimbo iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziroli.



216

MUTU 18 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi nz alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi

nz





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: nzama (nza–ma = maphatikizo 2), wanzeru, mazira, mwana, ophunzira, konza ndi namzeze


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la nz, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 18.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 67.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /nz/ + /i/ = nzi. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: nze, nzu, nzo, nza. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga nza + ma = nzama. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: wanzeru, nzika, namzeze, konza. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 67.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la nzi.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a nz kuchokera pa makadi.


217

MUTU 18 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi nz ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi nz



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a nz.









1 Kodi Melifa amakonza chiyani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani Melifa amakonda kugula nzama? 3 Kodi asungwana omwe amaliza sukulu yawo amagwiranso ntchito zanji?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti wanzeru.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti wanzeru kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



218

MUTU 18 Phunziro 9

Phunziro 9: Izi ndi zizindikiro zakakhozedwe za sabata yonse. Sankhani zizindikiro zakakhozedwe zomwe ophunzira ambiri sanakwaniritse ndi kubwereza phunziro lake. Mutha kubwereza phunziro lonse kapena kungobwereza ntchito zina mmene takambira ku chiyambi cha bukuli.




amva katchulidwe ka /mw/ ndi /nz/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /mw/ ndi /nz/

atchula dzina la malembo a mw ndi nz



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi mw ndi nz

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi mw ndi nz 3, 7 tsamba xviii

Kuwerenga ziganizo moyenera awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi mw ndi nz

4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a mw ndi nz 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi mw ndi nz 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi mw ndi nz 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 18 Phunziro 10


MUTU 19 Phunziro 1 kw

219

MUTU 19 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /kw/ atchula liwu la /kw/ alemba lembo la kw





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a chu, sa, wo, nu, lu pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 69.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha kwawa chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 69 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /kw/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /kw/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: kwawa, chala, wala, kwanu, kwera, mwano


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: kwawa, kwera, kulima, mwezi, kwawo, dzana


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la kw.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 19 Phunziro 2

220

MUTU 19 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Mavuto ndi Takondwa.’ Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa kutchire, adaterera, ndi adafulumira.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani? 2 Nanga nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)



Mavuto ndi Takondwa Tsiku lina Mavuto ndi Takondwa adapita kutchire kukathyola gwafa. Atafika kutchire adapeza mtengo wina omwe unali ndi gwafa wambiri. Mavuto adakwera mumtengo ndi kumagwedeza nthambi yomwe inali ndi gwafa wakupsa.Takondwa amatola gwafayo. Mwatsoka, Mavuto anatelereka ndi kugwa pansi. Iye adathyoka mwendo. Chifukwa cha ululu iye iye adalira, “koto ine ndikufa!” Takondwa adachita mantha ndipo adathamanga kupita kumudzi kukauza makolo Makolo ake a Mavuto pamodzi ndi Takondwa adafulumira kupita komwe kudali Mavuto. Iwo adabwera namutengera Mavuto ku chipatala.


221

MUTU 19 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi kw alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi

kw

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera: Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, makadi a maphatikizo, makope ndi mapensulo.




Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: kwawa (kwa–wa = maphatikizo 2), yamikani, kwera, mokwawa, kwawo, chulu, Chikwawa


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la kw, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 19.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 69.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /kw/ + /e/ = kwe. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: kwa, kwi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga kwa + wa = kwawa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: kwanu, kwera, kwina, kwawo. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 69.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la kwa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a kw kuchokera pa makadi.


222

MUTU 19 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi kw ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi kw



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a kw.









1 Kodi anawa akukwera chiyani? 2 Kodi anawa akukwera motani? 3 Kodi pa chulu pamakhala chiyani?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti kwera.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti kwera kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 19 Phunziro 5 ts

223

MUTU 19 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /ts/ atchula liwu la /ts/ alemba lembo la ts





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a pe, yu, ke, su, sa pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 71.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha tsitsi chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 71 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /ts/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /ts/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: tsitsi, dzuka, siyani, tsuka, chatupa, tsono ndi tonse


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: tsata, nzama, tsiku, ndende, tsekula, tsamba ndi sukulu.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la ts.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 19 Phunziro 6

224

MUTU 19 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 19.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti kutchire, adaterera ndi adafulumira ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Mavuto ndi Takondwa’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 19.2.2 pa tsamba 220. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 N’chifukwa chiyani Mavuto ndi Takondwa adapita kutchire? 2 Kodi Mavuto adaterereka chifukwa chiyani? 3 Kodi mukuganiza kuti chidachitika kwa Mavuto m’chipatala chidali chiyani?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziroli. Ndamanga Lembani m’buku lanu maganizo anu okhudza mmene ophunzira akukhozera poyankha mafunso ounika phunziro pa tsamba xv.


225

MUTU 19 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi ts alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi ts





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: tsekula (tse–ku– la = maphatikizo 3), tsoka, malamulo, tsaya, sukulu, mpesa, uyu ndi tsuka


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la ts, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 19.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 71.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /ts/ + /a/ = tso. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: tso, tse, tsu, tsi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga, tsi + tsi = tsitsi. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: tsuka, tsekula, tsiku ndi tsata. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 71.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la tsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a ts kuchokera pa makadi.


226

MUTU 19 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi ts ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi ts



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a ts.









1 Kodi mwanayu amatani tsiku lililonse? 2 Kodi mwanayu adaphunzira kuti zimenezi? 3 N’chifukwa chiyani iye amatsuka mano ake tsiku ndi tsiku?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti tsitsi.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti tsitsi kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



227

MUTU 19 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /kw/ ndi /ts/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /kw/ ndi /ts/

atchula dzina la malembo a kw ndi ts



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi kw ndi ts

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi kw ndi ts 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi kw ndi ts 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a kw ndi ts 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi kw ndi ts 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi kw ndi ts 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 19 Phunziro 10


MUTU 20 Phunziro 1 th

228

MUTU 20 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /th/ atchula liwu la /th/ alemba lembo la th





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a nde, ya, do, kwa, cho pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 73.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha thabwa chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 73 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /th/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /th/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: thabwa, kwanu, thira, tumba, khoma ndi thupi


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: thabwa, tebulo, thawa, theka, tsuka ndi kwera


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la th.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 20 Phunziro 2

229

MUTU 20 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Kuthira Manyowa.’ Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa manyowa, guga, ndi chonde.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani? 2 Kodi nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)



Kuthira manyowa Dzina langa ndine Thoko. Ndili ndi mitengo yamango yambiri. Lero ndikufuna kuthira manyowa. Manyowa ndi abwino kwambiri. Amathandiza nthaka yoguga kukhala yachonde. Ndithira theka limodzi lathumba. Mitengo yanga idzakula bwino. Ikadzakula idzabereka mango ambiri. Mango ndi zipatso zothandiza kwambiri pa moyo wathu. Mango amateteza thupi ku matenda. Mango ena ndimagulitsa ndipo ndimapeza ndalama zochuluka. Ndalamazo ndimagulira zinthu zosowa za pakhomo ndi kulipira sukulu yanga.


230

MUTU 20 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi th alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi

th





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: thirira (thi–ri–ra = maphatikizo 3), kwathu, theka, miyala, dothi, thawa ndi pathandizo


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la th, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 20.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 73.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /th/ + /i/ = thi. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: the, tha, thu, tho. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga tha + wa = thawa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: theka, dothi, thina, kwathu. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 73.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la tho.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a th kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 20 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi th ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi th



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a th.









1 Kodi dothi lakwathu ndi lotani? 2 Kodi anthu akuthira dothi lotani mu galimoto? 3 N’chifukwa chiyani anthu amakonda kulima pa dothi la chonde?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti kwathu.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti kwathu kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 20 Phunziro 5 mb

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MUTU 20 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /mb/ atchula liwu la /mb/ alemba lembo la mb





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a re, to, ya, bi pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 75.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha mbuzi chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 75 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /mb/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /mb/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: mbuzi, nzama, mbale, bowa, mudzi ndi mbewa


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: mbuzi, mberere, mbumba, botolo, mweta


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la mb.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


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MUTU 20 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 20.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti guga, chonde, ndi manyowa ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Kuthira Manyowa’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 20.2.2 pa tsamba 229. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.



1 Kodi Thoko amathira chiyani ku mitengo yake yamango? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani amathira manyowa? 3 Fotokozani kufunika kwa mango komwe kwatchulidwa mu nkhaniyi.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziroli. Ndamanga Lembani m’buku lanu maganizo anu okhudza mmene ophunzira akukhozera poyankha mafunso ounika phunziro pa tsamba xv.


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MUTU 20 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi mb alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi

mb





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: tambala (ta – mba – la = maphatikizo 3), mbumba, mberere, lamba, tsamba, amalira ndi kokoliriko


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la mb, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 20.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 75.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /mb/ + /u/ = mbu. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: mba, mbe, mbi, mbo. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga mbu ndi zi = mbuzi. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: mberere, lemba, tambala ndi mbumba. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 75.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la mba.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a mb kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 20 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi mb ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi mb



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a mb.









1 Kodi tambala amalira kuti chiyani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani tambala amalira m’mawa uliwonse? 3 Kodi mberere imalira motani?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba mawu woti mberere.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti mberere kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



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MUTU 20 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /th/ ndi /mb/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /th/ ndi /mb/

atchula dzina la malembo a th ndi mb



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi th ndi mb

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi th ndi mb 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi th ndi mb 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a th ndi mb 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi th ndi mb 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi th ndi mb 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 20 Phunziro 10


MUTU 21 Phunziro 1

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MUTU 21 Phunziro 1



Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; bokosi la zithunzi zosiyanasiyana pa tsamba 77 Ntchito 1 ndi bokosi la pa tsamba 77 Ntchito 2 la buku la ophunzira; makadi a malembo a v, dz, mw, nz, kw, ts, th, mb


Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ya ‘Kutchula kwa maliwu’ pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /v/, /dz/, /mw/, /nz/, /kw/, /ts/, /th/, /mb/


Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 77. Yang'anani ndi kuloza chithunzi cha chinthu chomwe dzina lake limayamba ndi liwu la /v/. Tchulani dzina la chithunzicho. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi zithunzi zotsatira pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /dz/, /mw/, /nz/, /kw/, /ts/, /th/, /mb/. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Titchula liwu loyamba m’mayina a zinthu zili m’bokosi pa tsamba 77 Ntchito 1. Lozani chithunzi choyamba ndi kunena kuti: uyu ndi nzimbe. Liwu loyamba m’mawuwa ndi /nz/, /nz/. Uzani ophunzira atchule liwu loyamba la mayina a zinthu zina m’mabokosi otsatirawo. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Titchula mayina ndi maliwu a malembo. Onetsani ophunzira khadi la lembo la nz ndi kufunsa ophunzira kuti atchule dzina la lembolo ndi liwu lake. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi malembo enawo kuchokera pa makadi ndi m’buku lawo pa tsamba 77.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yotchula maliwu awa: /v/, /dz/, /mw/, /nz/, /kw/, /ts/, /th/, /mb/

MUTU 21 Phunziro 2

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MUTU 21 Phunziro 2

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; tchati cha chomwe mwajambulapo mabokosi awiri omwe akupezeka m'buku la ophunzira pa tsamba 78 Ntchito 3





Ntchito 21.2.2 Kuwerenga maphatikizo kuchokera m’buku (Mphindi 10)

Titsekule mabuku athu pa tsamba 78. Tiyeni tiwerenge maphatikizo omwe ali m’bokosi pa Ntchito 3 limodzi. Tiwerenge motsata mzere ndi motsika. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, mmodzimmodzi, awiriawiri ndi m’mizere.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziroli.

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MUTU 21 Phunziro 3








Tichita sewero la Bingo m’magulu athu. Uzani ophunzira kuti muwafunsa funso ndipo akambirana m’magulu kuti apeze yankho. Akapeza yankholo, anene kuti ‘Bingo!’ mokweza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 78 Ntchito 4. Pezani mawu omwe ali ndi phatikizo la mwa. Mukapeza mawuwo, nenani kuti Bingo mokweza. Pitirizani ndi maphatikizo ena monga the ndi mbo.

Mathero (Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole khadi la mawu ndi kuwerenga. Mawu ndi awa: mwano, mbombo, tsitsi, mwake, dzana ndi vula

MUTU 21 Phunziro 4

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MUTU 21 Phunziro 4


Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Tchati la mawu pa tsamba 78, Ntchito 4


Kutchula liwu loyamba m’mawu: vula, dzana, mwake, mudzi, zunza ndi theka


Lembani mawu omwe ali pa tsamba 78, Ntchito 4 pa bolodi kapena pa tchati kapena pa makadi. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge mawuwa, kalasi lonse, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimodzi.


Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 78, Ntchito 4. Tiyeni tiwerenge mawu omwe ali m’bokosi pa 4 m’magulu, m’mizere, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimodzi.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira atole makadi a mawu kuchokera m’ntchito 4.

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MUTU 21 Phunziro 5


awerenga ziganizo awerenga mawu atsiriza ziganizo ndi


Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; makadi a mawu omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ziganizo zomwe ziri m’buku la ophunzira pa tsamba 79 Ntchito 6




Lembani ziganizo izi pa bolodi (pa tsamba 79 Ntchito 6): Lero mwezi wawala. Veronika akuvina kwawo. Amama atereka nzama pamoto. Atate amakonda nzama ndi mbatata. Tsopano tiwerenga ziganizo. Ndiwerenga ziganizozi ndekha, kenaka tiwerenga limodzi, pomaliza muwerenga nokha.



Ntchito 21.5.3 Kutsiriza ziganizo ndi mawu oyenera (Mphindi 6)

Lembani ziganizo za pa tsamba 80, Ntchito 7 pa bolodi kapena pa tchati. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe angatsirizire ziganizozi ndi mawu oyenera. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe m’makope mwawo.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziro.


242



Dzina la

Ophunzira

1 = A


a 2 =

Wakhoza

pang’ono 3 =

Wakhoza

bwino

4 = W

akhoza kw

ambiri

Mulingo

wakakhozedw

e Ku

bw

ereza nd

i Kuyesa O

ph

un

zira















MUTU 22 Phunziro 1 kh

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MUTU 22 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /kh/ atchula liwu la /kh/ alemba lembo la kh





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a su, nda, nde, tsa omwe ali pa tsamba 81 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 81. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa khasu, ndipomawu woti khasu amayamba ndi liwu la /kh/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /kh/. Poyamba nditchula liwu kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /kh/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi khasu. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /kh/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi thira. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /kh/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /kh/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi khasu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi thira. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi thawa, khala, chisa, ndi khonde.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /kh/. Mawu oyamba ndi khasu. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga khuta, gona, tiana, ndi khola m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


244



Mawu oyamba ndi khuta. Liwu loyamba ndi /kh/. Mawu ena ndi thumba. Liwu loyamba ndi /th/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi khuta. Liwu loyamba ndi /kh/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi thumba, khala, kona, ndi khonde.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi khuta. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga thawa, khoma, khasu, ndi ngolo m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la kh. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la kh ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la kh wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la kh wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena kalembedwe kake.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la kh m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


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MUTU 22 Phunziro 2






Tilosera nkhani. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Ukwati wa Nangondo’. Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Tikudziwa chiyani za ...? Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikhoza kunenanso za chiyani? Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.




Ukwati wa Nangondo

Ku ukwati wa Nangondo kudali phwando ladzaoneni. Atate ake adapha ng’ombe. Lidali tsiku losaiwalika chifukwa Yona adadya nyama yootcha ndi yofwafwaza. Yona amadya osasamba m’manja ndipo zotsatira zake zidali adabooka m’mimba. Anzake omwe adawamana adamuseka. Yona adathawa osawoneranso ukwatiwo.

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Mu nkhani ya Ukwati wa Nangondo tinamva mawu atsopano. Tikambirana matanthauzo a mawu. Mawu oyamba ndi phwando.

Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pophunzitsa mawuwa. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka. Uzani ophunzira tanthauzo la mawuwa ndi kukambirana nawo ngati akudziwa matanthauzo ena. Perekani ziganizo zosachepera ziwiri zokhala ndi mawuwa. Funsani ophunzira angapo kuti anene ziganizo zokhala ndi mawuwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: adabooka, ladzaoneni ndi fwafwaza. Ndiwerenganso nkhaniyi ndipo mumvetserenso mawu atsopano amene tangophunzira aja. Imikani dzanja mukamva mawu atsopanowa. Mumvetserenso ngati muli mawu ena omwe tanthauzo lake simukulidziwa. Uzani ophunzira omwe apeza mawu ena omwe sakuwadziwa kuti amalizitse chiganizo ichi mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi: “Mawu amodzi omwe sindikuwadziwa mu nkhaniyi ndi …?” Kambiranani matanthauzo a mawu ena omwe ophunzira awatchule.



1 Kodi ndani yemwe adabooka m’mimba? 2 Kodi nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziroli.

Ndamanga




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MUTU 22 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi kh alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi kh






Mawu ndi khalani. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: kha – la – ni. Mawu akuti khalani ali ndi maphatikizo atatu. Mawu ena ndi khoma. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: kho – ma. Mawu akuti khoma ali ndi maphatikizo awiri.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi khalani. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a khalani. Pitirizani ndi khoma, khuta, ndi pakhonde.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi khalani. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a khalani. Pitirizani ndi wakhanda, khala, ndi bakha.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la kh. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /kh/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 81. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la kh pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la kha pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /kh/ – /a/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: kha. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi kho.


248

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la kha ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /kh/ – /a/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo kha. Bwerezani ndi kho ndi khe.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la kha. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /kh/ – /a/ kenaka phatikizo la kha. Pitirizani ndi khi, khu ndi khe. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti khasu pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: kha – su. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: khasu. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi khuta.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani khasu pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: kha – su kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: khasu. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi khuta ndi khoma.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani khasu pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: kha – su kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: khasu. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi khala, khonde, ndi pakhonde. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 81 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la kh lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi kh. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi kha. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /kh/ – /a/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi kha. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti kha. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere kha.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi kha. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lilonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo: kho ndi khu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a kh kuchokera pa makadi.


249

MUTU 22 Phunziro 4

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: afotokoza zomwe akuona m’chithunzi awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi kh ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi kh



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a kh.









Kenaka werengani nokha. Ophunzira awerenga ziganizo uku akuloza mawu omwe akuwerenga. Ophunzira awerenga limodzi, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


250

Mvetserani mwatcheru ophunzira akamawerenga ndipo muwakonze pomwe akulakwitsa. Alimbikitseni kuti awerenge momveka bwino ndi mosadodoma.


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso otsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi ndani yemwe amalima maungu? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani ngolo ikututa maungu?

Ntchito 22.4.5 Kulemba chiganizo mwaluso (Mphindi 8)

Tsopano tilemba chiganizo mwaluso pogwiritsa ntchito mawu omwe tidaphunzira kale.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Chiganizo ndi: Iwo akhala pakhonde. Nditchula mawu pamene ndikulemba chiganizochi. Tchulani mawu aliwonse motsindika mukamawalemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani chiganizo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Chiganizo ndi: Iwo akhala pakhonde. Kumbukirani kutchula mawu aliwonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene chiganizo pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula mawu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Chiganizo ndi: Iwo akhala pakhonde. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi. Kumbukirani kutchula mawu aliwonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira aonetse anzawo zomwe alemba.

Ndamanga



MUTU 22 Phunziro 5 ng

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MUTU 22 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /ng/ atchula liwu la /ng/ alemba lembo la ng





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a lo, te, tsa, wo, yi omwe ali pa tsamba 83 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 83. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa ngolo, ndipomawu woti ngolo amayamba ndi liwu la /ng/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /ng/. Poyamba nditchula liwu, kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /ng/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi nguli. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /ng/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi kwathu. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /ng/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /ng/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi nguli. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi kwathu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi ngodya, nambala, gwada, ndi ngati.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /ng/. Mawu oyamba ndi nguli. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga nguwo, gunda, nanazi, ndi ngoma m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


252



Mawu oyamba ndi ngolo. Liwu loyamba ndi /ng/. Mawu ena ndi gunda. Liwu loyamba ndi /g/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi ngolo. Liwu loyamba ndi /ng/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi gunda, nawafunsa, ngozi, ndi ndodo.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi ngolo. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga nguli, galimoto, ndalama ndi ngati m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la ng. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la ng ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la ng wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la ng wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena kalembedwe kake.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la ng m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)



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MUTU 22 Phunziro 6






Lero ndikuwerengerani nkhani yomwe mudamvetsera kale. Koma ndisanawerenge, tiunikanso matanthauzo amawu kuti timvetse nkhaniyi.Ndikuwerengerani nkhaniyi kenaka muyankha mafunso. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Ukwati wa Nangondo’. Tsopano tikambirananso matanthauzo a mawu omwe tidakambirana kale. Mawuwa ndi phwando. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu woti phwando mu chiganizo chomwe chikupereka tanthauzo la mawuwo. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: ladzaoneni, fwafwaza, ndi anabooka. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawuwo.





Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 N’chifukwa chiyani atate a Nangondo adapha ng’ombe pa tsikuli? 2 Fotokozani chifukwa chomwe tsikuli lidali losaiwalika kwa Yona.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)


Ukwati wa Nangondo Ku ukwati wa Nangondo kudali phwando ladzaoneni. Atate ake adapha ng’ombe. Lidali tsiku losaiwalika chifukwa Yona adadya nyama yootcha ndi yofwafwaza. Yona amadya osasamba m’manja ndipo zotsatira zake zinali anabooka m’mimba. Anzake omwe adawamana adamuseka. Yona adathawa osaoneranso ukwatiwo.


254

MUTU 22 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi ng alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi ng






Mawu ndi ngolo. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: ngo – lo. Mawu okuti ngolo ali ndi maphatikizo awiri. Mawu ena ndi tenga. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: te – nga. Mawu akuti tenga ali ndi maphatikizo awiri.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi ngolo. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a ngolo. Pitirizani ndi nguli, angaanga, ndi nguyo.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi ngolo. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a ngolo. Pitirizani ndi ngoma, kwathu, ndi mwangozi.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la ng. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /ng/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 83. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la ng pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la nga pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /ng/ – /a/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: nga. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi ngu.


255

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la nga ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /ng/ – /a/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo nga. Bwerezani ndi ngu ndi ngo.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la nga. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /ng/ – /a/ kenaka phatikizo la nga. Pitirizani ndi ngu, ngo ndi ngi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti ngolo pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: ngo – lo. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: ngolo. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi maungu.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani ngolo pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: ngo – lo kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: ngolo. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi maungu ndi anga.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani ngolo pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: ngo – lo kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: ngolo. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi nguli, tenga, ndi anga. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 83 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la ng lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi ng. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi ngu. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /ng/ – /u/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi ngu. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti ngu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere ngu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi ngu. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lilonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo awa: ngo ndi nga.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a ng kuchokera pa makadi.


256

MUTU 22 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi ng ayankha mafunso ochokera pa

nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi ng



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a ng.











257


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi amayi atenga chiyani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani anthu amakonda maungu?



Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Chiganizo ndi: Ngolo ikututa maunguwo. Nditchula mawu pamene ndikulemba chiganizochi. Tchulani mawu aliwonse motsindika mukamawalemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani chiganizo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Chiganizo ndi: Ngolo ikututa maunguwo. Kumbukirani kutchula mawu aliwonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene chiganizo pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula mawu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Chiganizo ndi: Ngolo ikututa maunguwo. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi. Kumbukirani kutchula mawu aliwonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira aonetse anzawo zomwe alemba.

Ndamanga




258

MUTU 22 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /kh/ ndi /ng/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /kh/ ndi /ng/

atchula dzina la malembo a kh ndi ng



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi kh ndi ng

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi kh ndi ng 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi kh ndi ng 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a kh ndi ng 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi kh ndi ng 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi kh ndi ng 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 22 Phunziro 10


MUTU 23 Phunziro 1 ns

259

MUTU 23 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /ns/ atchula liwu la /ns/ alemba lembo la ns





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a nga, mbe, fe, mba pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 85.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha nsomba chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 85 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /ns/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /ns/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: nsalu, khuta, nzama, nsembe, nsima ndi mwano


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: nsalu, ngolo, nsembe, thawa, nsomba, mudzi


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la ns.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 23 Phunziro 2

260

MUTU 23 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Kulambula Msewu.’ Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana. Ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa lambula, kunyalanyaza, ndi chilango.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za chi yani? 2 Nanga ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


Kulambula msewu Anthu a m’mudzi mwa a Chiputu adagwirizana kuti adzalambule msewu wauulu wopita m’mudzi mwawo. Anthu ambiri adasonkhana m’bandakucha. Koma padali anthu ena amene adanyalanyaza kudzagwira ntchitoyi. Kotero adapatsidwa chilango cholambula misewu yonse yaing’onoing’ono yozungulira mudziwo. Anthu ambiri adatengerapo phunziro kuti si bwino kunyalanyaza kugwira ntchito yam’mudzi.


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MUTU 23 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi ns alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi ns





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: ifenso (i – fe – nso = maphatikizo 3), nsembe, maungu, nsalu, sansantha, uliwonse ndi bakha


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la ns, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 23.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 85.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /ns/ + /o/ = nso. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: nsa, nsu, nse, nsi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga nsa + lu = nsalu. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: nsima, nsembe, nsomba, ifenso. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 85.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la nsi.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a ns kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 23 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi ns ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi ns



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a ns.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi amayi atenga chiyani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani anthu amakonda nsomba?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Amayi atenga nsima.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti nsima kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 23 Phunziro 5 mp

263

MUTU 23 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /mp/ atchula liwu la /mp/ alemba lembo la mp





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a nga, thu, pi, ru, fu pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 87.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha mpando chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 87 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /mp/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /mp/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: mpiru, nzika, dzulo, mpani, nsembe ndi mpopi


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: mpunga, nsima, mtambo, mpando, njira ndi mtengo


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la mp.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 23 Phunziro 6

264

MUTU 23 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 23.2, pamodzi ndi mawu woti lambula, kunyalanyaza, ndi chilango ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Kulambula msewu’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 23.2.2 pa tsamba 260. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi anthu a m’mudzi mwa Chiputu adagwirizana zotani? 2 Kodi amene adanyalanyaza kugwira ntchito adawatani?

3 Fotokozani nkhaniyi mwachidule.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)




265

MUTU 23 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi mp alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi

mp





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: mpopi (mpo – pi = maphatikizo 2), mpani, khonde, mpira, pampando, umakoma ndi mpunga.


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la mp, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 23.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 87.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /mp/ + /e/ = mpe. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: mpu, mpi, mpo, mpa. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga mpu + nga = mpunga. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: mpani, mpiru, mpopi ndi mpeni. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 87.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la mpu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a mp kuchokera pa makadi.


266

MUTU 23 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi mp ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi mp



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a mp.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi mpunga umakoma kudyera chiyani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani mpunga uli wofunika?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Mpunga umakoma ndi mpiru.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti mpunga kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



267

MUTU 23 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /ns/ ndi /mp/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /ns/ ndi /mp/

atchula dzina la malembo a ns ndi mp



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi ns ndi mp

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi ns ndi mp 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi ns ndi mp 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a ns ndi mp 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi ns ndi mp 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi ns ndi mp 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 23 Phunziro 10


MUTU 24 Phunziro 1 nj

268

MUTU 24 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /nj/ atchula liwu la /nj/ alemba lembo la nj





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a nga, kwe, ri, ha pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 89.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha njinga chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 89 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /nj/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /nj/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: njuchi, nsalu, njuta, njenjemera, mpando, njinga ndi nzama.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: njuchi, mpopi, ngolo, njira, nguli ndi njenjemera.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la nj.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 24 Phunziro 2

269

MUTU 24 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Zagwa avulala.’ Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa liwamba, m’mbuna, ndi chikhakha.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi mnzake wa Zagwa adali yani?

2 N’chifukwa chiyani Zagwa adalephera mayeso?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)



Zagwa avulala Zagwa ndi anzake amanyalanyaza sukulu. Iwo amakonda liwamba. Makolo adayasera kuwaletsa koma iwo samamva. Tsiku lina akuthamangitsa gwape, Zagwa adagwera m’mbuna. Pamenepo adalephera kuyenda. Chifukwa cha ululu, adayamba kulira, ‘Mwendo wanga! Mayo mwendo wanga!’ Pempho adamutulutsa m’dzenje muja ndi kumubereka ulendo wa kuchipatala. Dotolo atamuyesa, adanena kuti fupa lasweka. Choncho adamumanga chikhakha kuti achire msanga. Makolo a Zagwa atamva izi adakalipa kwambiri.


270

MUTU 24 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi nj alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi nj





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: njenjemera (nje – nje–me–ra = maphatikizo 4), njuchi, zasowa, wochenjeza, njinga, amanjuta ndi njira


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la nj, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 24.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 89.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /nj/ + /u/ = nju. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: nja, njo, nje, nji. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga nji + nga = njinga. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: njuchi, njira, njuta ndi njenjemera. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 89.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la nji.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a nj kuchokera pa makadi.


271

MUTU 24 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi nj ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi nj



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a nj.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi Yohane adakwera chiyani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani Yohane adakwera njinga?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Yohane anakwera njinga.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti njinga kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 24 Phunziro 5 ny

272

MUTU 24 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /ny/ atchula liwu la /ny/ alemba lembo la ny





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a dzi, kha, thu, mba, nja pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 91.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha nyumba chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 91 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /ny/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /ny/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: nyemba, mahewu, nyerere, nyama, tsekula, hamala ndi nyanja.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: nyanja, njira, mpopi, nyerere, mtondo ndi nyemba


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la ny.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 24 Phunziro 6

273

MUTU 24 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 24.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti liwamba, m’mbuna, ndi chikhakha.ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Zagwa Avulala’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 24.2.2 pa tsamba 269. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi anthu a m’mudzi mwa Chiputu adagwirizana zotani? 2 Kodi amene adanyalanyaza kugwira ntchito anawatani?

3 Fotokozani nkhaniyi mwachidule.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)




274

MUTU 24 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi ny alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi ny





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: popita (po–pi–ta = maphatikizo 3), akupita, puma, sipuni, makope, pano, mapepala ndi kupesa.


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la ny, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 24.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 31.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /ny/ + /o/ = po. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: po, pe, pu, pa, pi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga, po + to = poto. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: poto, popita, puma, pita ndi makope. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 31.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la po.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a ny kuchokera pa makadi.


275

MUTU 24 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi ny ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi ny



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a ny.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi nyerere zimatani? 2 Nanga ife tingatani ponyadira umodzi wathu?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Nyerere zimayenda limodzi.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti nyerere kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



276

MUTU 24 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /nj/ ndi /ny/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /nj/ ndi /ny/

atchula dzina la malembo a nj ndi ny



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi nj ndi ny

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi nj ndi ny 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi nj ndi ny 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a nj ndi ny 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi nj ndi ny 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi nj ndi ny 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 24 Phunziro 10


MUTU 25 Phunziro 1 bw

277

MUTU 25 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /bw/ atchula liwu la /bw/ alemba lembo la bw





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a kwa, tsa, tha, nso, mpi pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 93.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha bwato chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 93 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /bw/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /bw/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: bwereka, madzi, bweza, nyama, mpopi ndi bwato.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: bwera, nyemba, bwereka, zabwino, njira ndi bwato.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la bw.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 25 Phunziro 2

278

MUTU 25 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Kufunika kosamba m’manja.’ Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa kamba, wiringula, dzudzula, ndi kupota.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani?

2 Nanga ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)



Kufunika kosamba m’manja Tsiku lina Chimwemwe ndi anzake adali pa ulendo wopita kutali. Atayenda nthawi yaitali, adatopa komanso adamva njala. Iye adalibe kamba wa paulendowo. Choncho adafunsa anzakewo ngati adatenga kamba. Mnzake wina adamupatsako kuopa kuti angafe ndi njala. Chimwemwe adalandira ndi kuyamba kudya. Mnzake uja adamudzudzula kuti adayenera kusamba m’manja asanayambe kudya. Chimwemwe adawiringula, ndipo adapitiriza kudya. Atatha kudya adapitiriza ulendo wawo. Koma atayenda maola ochepa, Chimwemwe adayamba kumva kupota m’mimba. Kenaka, adayamba kutsekula m’mimba.


279

MUTU 25 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi

bw alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi bw





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: bweretsa (bwe – re – tsa = maphatikizo 3), zabwino, bwato, bweza, labwino ndi lobwereka.


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la bw, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 25.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 93.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /bw/ + /e/ = bwe. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: bwi, bwa. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga bwa + to = bwato. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: bwera, bweza, bweretsa, ndi bwereka. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 93.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la bwe.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a bw kuchokera pa makadi.


280

MUTU 25 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi bw ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi bw



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a bw.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi bwatoli ndi layani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani Bwali adabwereka bwato?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Onani bwato.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti bwato kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 25 Phunziro 5 mt

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MUTU 25 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /mt/ atchula liwu la /mt/ alemba lembo la mt





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a ngo, ndo, mbi, nso, bwi pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 95.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha mtondo chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 95 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /mt/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /mt/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: mtundu, nsembe, khala, mbumba, mtambo, mbumba, njinga, mtambo ndi mtengo


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: mtundu, bwira, njira, mtambo, bwato, mtolo ndi mpunga.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la mt.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 25 Phunziro 6

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MUTU 25 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 25.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti kamba, wiringula, dzudzula, ndi kupota ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Kufunika kosamba m’manja’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 25.2.2 pa tsamba 278. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi anzake a Chimwemwe adamulangiza zotani? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani Chimwemwe adatsekula m’mimba?

3 Fotokozani mwachidule zomwe inu mukadachita mukadakhala Chimwemwe.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)




283

MUTU 25 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi mt alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi mt





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: mtondo (mto–ndo = maphatikizo 2), chimtengo, bwatolo, pamtendere, waukulu ndi ziboliboli.


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la mt, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 25.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 95.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /mt/ + /o/ = mto. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: mta, mte, mtu, mti. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga mta + mbo = mtambo. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: mtengo, mtolo, mtundu ndi mtondo. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 95.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la mte.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a mt kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 25 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi mt ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi mt



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a mt.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 N’chifukwa chiyani mtengo waukulu uli wabwino? 2 Nanga inu mungapange chiyani kuchokera ku mtengo?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Mtengo waukulu ndi wabwino.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti mtengo kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



285

MUTU 25 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /bw/ ndi /mt/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /bw/ ndi /mt/

atchula dzina la malembo a bw ndi mt



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi bw ndi mt

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi bw ndi mt 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi bw ndi mt 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba lembo la bw ndi mt 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi bw ndi mt 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi bw ndi mt 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 25 Phunziro 10


MUTU 26 Phunziro 1

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MUTU 26 Phunziro 1



Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; bokosi la zithunzi zosiyanasiyana pa tsamba 97 Ntchito 1 ndi bokosi la pa tsamba 97 Ntchito 2 la buku la ophunzira; makadi a malembo a kh, ng, ns, mp, nj, ny, bw, mt


Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ya ‘Kutchula kwa maliwu’ pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /kh/, /ng/, /ns/, /mp/, /nj/, /ny/, /bw/, /mt/


Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 97. Yang'anani ndi kuloza chithunzi cha chinthu chomwe dzina lake limayamba ndi liwu la /kh/. Tchulani dzina la chithunzicho. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi zithunzi zotsatira pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /kh/, /ng/, /ns/, /mp/, /nj/, /ny/, /bw/, /mt/. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Titchula liwu loyamba m’mayina a zinthu zili m’bokosi pa tsamba 97 Ntchito 1. Lozani chithunzi choyamba ndi kunena kuti: uyu ndi ngolo. Liwu loyamba m’mawuwa ndi /ng/, /ng/. Uzani ophunzira atchule liwu loyamba la mayina a zinthu zina m’mabokosi otsatirawo. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Titchula mayina ndi maliwu a malembo. Onetsani ophunzira khadi la lembo la ng ndi kufunsa ophunzira kuti atchule dzina la lembolo ndi liwu lake. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi malembo enawo kuchokera pa makadi ndi m’buku lawo pa tsamba 97.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yotchula maliwu awa: /kh/, /ng/, /ns/, /mp/, /nj/, /ny/, /bw/, /mt/.

MUTU 26 Phunziro 2

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MUTU 26 Phunziro 2








Titsekule mabuku athu pa tsamba 98. Tiyeni tiwerenge maphatikizo omwe ali m’bokosi pa Ntchito 3 limodzi. Tiwerenge motsata mzere ndi motsika. Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge m’magulu, mmodzimmodzi, awiriawiri ndi m’mizere.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 26 Phunziro 3

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MUTU 26 Phunziro 3




Titchula liwu loyamba m’mawu ena opezeka pa tsamba 98 Ntchito 4. Tchulani mawu amodzi pa nthawi ndipo uzani ophunzira kuti atchule liwu loyamba m’mawuwo.




Tichita sewero la Bingo m’magulu athu. Uzani ophunzira kuti muwafunsa funso ndipo akambirana m’magulu kuti apeze yankho. Akapeza yankholo, anene kuti ‘Bingo!’ mokweza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 98 Ntchito 4. Pezani mawu omwe ali ndi phatikizo la mpi. Mukapeza mawuwo, nenani kuti Bingo mokweza. Pitirizani ndi maphatikizo ena monga nje ndi mto.

Mathero (Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole khadi la mawu ndi kuwerenga. Mawu ndi awa: mpiru, khasu, bwato, bwereka, ndi s.

MUTU 26 Phunziro 4

289

MUTU 26 Phunziro 4


Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; makadi angapo a maphatikizo a: nsa, ngo, khi, mpe, nsu, mtu, bwi, nyu, njo; makadi a mawu pa tsamba 98, Ntchito 4


Kuwerenga maphatikizo awa: nsa, ngo, khi, mpe, nsu, mtu, bwi, nyu, njo





Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Ophunzira atole makadi a mawu kuchokera m’Ntchito 4.

MUTU 26 Phunziro 5

290

MUTU 26 Phunziro 5







Lembani ziganizo izi pa bolodi (pa tsamba 100 Ntchito 6): Atate ali pabwato. Iwo akuwedza nsomba. Kunyumba amayi akhala pansi pa mtengo. Atereka mpunga kudikira nsomba. Atate afika ndi dengu la nsomba monyadira. Tsopano tiwerenga ziganizo. Ndiwerenga ziganizozi ndekha, kenaka tiwerenga limodzi, pomaliza muwerenga nokha.



Ntchito 26.5.3 Kulemba mawu (Mphindi 6)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba 99, Ntchito 5. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe angalembere ntchitoyi yolemba mayina a zinthu. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe m’makope mwawo.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziro. .

MUTU 26 PHUNZIRO 6 – 10

291



Dzina la O

phunzira

1 = A


a 2 =

Wakhoza

pang’ono 3 =

Wakhoza bw

ino4 =

Wakhoza

kwam

biri

Mulingo

wakakhozedw

e Ku

bw

ereza nd

i Ku

yesa Op

hu

nzira















MUTU 27 Phunziro 1 ph

292

MUTU 27 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /ph/ atchula liwu la /ph/ alemba lembo la ph





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a nzi, so, nse, chi, ri omwe ali pa tsamba 101 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 101. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa phiri, ndipomawu woti phiri amayamba ndi liwu la /ph/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /ph/. Poyamba nditchula liwu kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /ph/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi phiri. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /ph/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi thumba. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /ph/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /ph/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi phiri. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi thumba. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi mpiru, phala, phokoso, ndi fika.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /ph/. Mawu oyamba ndi phiri. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga fisi, bwera, phewa, ndi phika m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


293



Mawu oyamba ndi phiri. Liwu loyamba ndi /ph/. Mawu ena ndi thira. Liwu loyamba ndi /th/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi phiri. Liwu loyamba ndi /ph/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi thira, phokoso, khasu, ndi funa.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi phiri. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga poto, khoma, fisi, ndi phika m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la ph. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la ph ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la ph wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la ph wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena kalembedwe kake.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la ph m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 27 Phunziro 2

294

MUTU 27 Phunziro 2






Tilosera nkhani. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Mtsinje wa Shire’ Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Tikudziwa chiyani za ...? Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikhoza kunenanso za chiyani. Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.




Mtsinje wa Shire Shire ndi mtsinje waukulu kwambiri kuno ku Malawi. Mtsinjewu umachokera mu Nyanja ya Malawi. Umakatsira mu mtsinje wa Zambezi ku Mozambique. Anthu ambiri amapindula nawo mtsinjewu. Mu mtsinjewu mumapezeka nsomba zambiri zokoma. Anthu amapha nsomba ndi kumagulitsa. Anthu ena ali ndi minda yawo pafupi ndi mtsinjewu. Kumindako amabzala mbewu monga chimanga, nyemba, ndiwo zamasamba ndi nzimbe. Anthu ambiri amathirira mbewu zawo ndi madzi a mu mtsinjewu. Nayonso kampani yopanga shuga ili ndi munda wake wa nzimbe pafupi ndi mtsinjewu. Mu mtsinje wa Shire mumapezekanso ng’ona. Ng’ona ndi nyama zoopsa kwambiri. Ng'ona zimapha anthu. Kotero anthu okhala kufupi ndi mtsinjewu amayenera kukhala mosamala. Amalawi tiyeni tinyadire chifukwa Mphambe adatipatsa mtsinje waukulu chotere. Tiyeneranso kusamala mtsinjewu popeza umasunga zachilengedwe zambiri.

MUTU 27 Phunziro 2

295


Mu nkhani ya Mtsinje wa Shire tinamva mawu atsopano. Tikambirana matanthauzo a mawu. Mawu oyamba ndi amapindula.mawu woti amapindula amatanthauza kuti kupeza phindu pa ulimi kapena bizinezi. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pophunzitsa mawuwa. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka. Uzani ophunzira tanthauzo la mawuwa ndi kukambirana nawo ngati akudziwa matanthauzo ena. Perekani ziganizo zosachepera ziwiri zokhala ndi mawuwa. Funsani ophunzira angapo kuti anene ziganizo zokhala ndi mawuwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu ndi amathirira. Ndiwerenganso nkhaniyi ndipo mumvetserenso mawu atsopano amene tangophunzira aja. Imikani dzanja mukamva mawu atsopanowa. Mumvetserenso ngati muli mawu ena omwe tanthauzo lake simukulidziwa. Uzani ophunzira omwe apeza mawu ena omwe sakuwadziwa kuti amalizitse chiganizo ichi mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi: “Mawu amodzi omwe sindikuwadziwa mu nkhaniyi ndi …?” Kambiranani matanthauzo a mawu ena omwe ophunzira awatchule.




Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Kuimba nyimbo ya kusamalira chilengedwe.

Ndamanga




296

MUTU 27 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi ph alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi ph






Mawu ndi phiri. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: phi – ri. Mawu akuti phiri ali ndi maphatikizo awiri. Mawu ena ndi phokoso. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: pho – ko – so. Mawu akuti phokoso ali ndi maphatikizo atatu.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi phiri. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a phiri. Pitirizani ndi amaphika, umphawi, ndi phala.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi phiri. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a phiri. Pitirizani ndi ophunzira, phika, ndi phunziroli.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la ph. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /ph/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 101. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la ph pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la pha pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /ph/ – /a/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: pha. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi phi.


297

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la pha ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /ph/ – /a/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo pha. Bwerezani ndi phi ndi pho.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la pha. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /ph/ – /a/ kenaka phatikizo la pha. Pitirizani ndi phi, phu ndi phe. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti phiri pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: phi – ri. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: phiri. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi phala.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani phiri pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: phi – ri kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: phiri. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi phala ndi phokoso.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phiri pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: phi – ri kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: phiri. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi phika, ophunzira, ndi phokoso. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 101 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la ph lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi ph. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi pha. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /ph/ – /a/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi pha. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti pha. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere pha.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi pha. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lilonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi maphatikizo awa: phi ndi phu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a ph kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 27 Phunziro 4

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: afotokoza zomwe akuona m’chithunzi awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi ph ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi ph



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a ph.











299


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi ndi ophunzira angati omwe amamwa phala? 2 Kodi muli inu mukadatani polandira phala?



Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Chiganizo ndi: Sakonda kuchita phokoso. Nditchula mawu pamene ndikulemba chiganizochi. Tchulani mawu aliwonse motsindika mukamawalemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani chiganizo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Chiganizo ndi: Sakonda kuchita phokoso. Kumbukirani kutchula mawu aliwonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene chiganizo pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Chiganizo ndi: Sakonda kuchita phokoso. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi. Kumbukirani kutchula mawu aliwonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira aonetse anzawo chiganizo chomwe alemba.

Ndamanga



MUTU 27 Phunziro 5 ng’

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MUTU 27 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /ng’/ atchula liwu la /ng’/ alemba lembo la n’g





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a dzi, mbe, nja, nse, dzu, fu omwe ali pa tsamba 103 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 103. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa ng’oma, ndipomawu woti ng’oma amayamba ndi liwu la /ng’/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /ng’/. Poyamba nditchula liwu, kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /ng’/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi ng’oma. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /ng’/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ngolo. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /ng’/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /ng’/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi ng’oma. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi ngolo. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi mtima, nyumba, ng’ona, ndi ngati.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /ng’/. Mawu oyamba ndi ng’oma. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga ng‘ombe, nanazi, ndime, ndi ng’ung’udza m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


301



Mawu oyamba ndi ng’oma. Liwu loyamba ndi /ng’/. Mawu ena ndi nyanja. Liwu loyamba ndi /ny/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi ng’oma. Liwu loyamba ndi /ng’/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi nyanja, ng’anima, ngozi, ndi mpeni.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi ng’oma. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga nguli, ng’ona, ndithu, ndi ng’ombe m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la ng’. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la ng’ ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la ng’ wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la ng’ wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena kalembedwe kake.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la ng’ m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


’

MUTU 27 Phunziro 6

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MUTU 27 Phunziro 6






Lero ndikuwerengerani nkhani yomwe mudamvetsera kale. Koma ndisanawerenge, tiunikanso matanthauzo amawu kuti timvetse nkhaniyi.Ndikuwerengerani nkhaniyi kenaka muyankha mafunso. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Mtsinje wa Shire.’ Tsopano tikambirananso matanthauzo a mawu omwe tidakambirana kale. Mawuwa ndi amathirira. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu woti amathirira mu chiganizo chomwe chikupereka tanthauzo la mawuwo. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi amapindula. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawuwo.





Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi anthu okhala mmbali mwa mtsinje wa Shire amapindula bwanji? 2 Kodi mtsinje wa Shire tingausamale bwanji? 3 Nanga ndi chifukwa chiyani ng’ona ndi zoopsa?

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Funsani ophunzira kuti akafotokoze nkhaniyi mwachidule.

Mtsinje wa Shire Shire ndi mtsinje waukulu kwambiri kuno ku Malawi. Mtsinjewu umachokera mu Nyanja ya Malawi. Umakatsira mu mtsinje wa Zambezi ku Mozambique. Anthu ambiri amapindula nawo mtsinjewu. Mu mtsinjewu mumapezeka nsomba zambiri zokoma. Anthu amapha nsomba ndi kumagulitsa. Anthu ena ali ndi minda yawo pafupi ndi mtsinjewu. Kumindako amabzala mbewu monga chimanga, nyemba, ndiwo zamasamba ndi nzimbe. Anthu ambiri amathirira mbewu zawo ndi madzi a mu mtsinjewu. Nayonso kampani yopanga shuga ili ndi munda wake wa nzimbe pafupi ndi mtsinjewu. Mu mtsinje wa Shire mumapezekanso ng’ona. Ng’ona ndi nyama zoopsa kwambiri. Ng'ona zimapha anthu. Kotero anthu okhala kufupi ndi mtsinjewu amayenera kukhala mosamala. Amalawi tiyeni tinyadire chifukwa mphambe anatipatsa mtsinje waukulu chotere. Tiyeneranso kusamala mtsinjewu popeza umasunga za chilengedwe zambiri.


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MUTU 27 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi ng’ alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi ng’






Mawu ndi ng’oma. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: ng’o – ma. Mawu okuti ng’oma ali ndi maphatikizo awiri. Mawu ena ndi ng’ung’udza. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: ng’u – ng’u – dza. Mawu akuti ng’ung’udza ali ndi maphatikizo atatu.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi ng’oma. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a ng’oma. Pitirizani ndi onani, ng’ombe, ndi kalikonse.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi ng’oma. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a ng’oma. Pitirizani ndi ng’anima, ng’ombe, ndi ikumwa.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la ng’. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /ng’/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 103. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la ng’ pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la ng’o pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /ng’/ – /o/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: ng’o. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi ng’u.


304

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la ng’o ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /ng’/ – /o/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo ng’o. Bwerezani ndi ng’u ndi ng’a.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la ng’o. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /ng’/ – /o/ kenaka phatikizo la ng’o. Pitirizani ndi ng’u, ng’o ndi ng’a. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti ng’ona pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: ng’o –na. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: ng’ona. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi ng’anima.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani ng’ona pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: ng’o –na kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: ng’ona. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi ng’anima ndi ng’ung’udza.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani ng’ona pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: ng’o –na kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: ng’ona. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi ng’oma, ng’anima, ndi ng’ombe. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 103 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la ng’ lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi ng’. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi ng’o. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /ng’/ – /o/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi ng’o. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti ng’o. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere ng’o.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi ng’o. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lilonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi ng’u ndi ng’a.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a ng’ kuchokera pa makadi.


305

MUTU 27 Phunziro 8


m’chithunzi awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili

ndi mawu okhala ndi ng’ ayankha mafunso ochokera pa

nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi ng’



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a ng’.











306


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 N’chifukwa chiyani ng’ombe ikumwa madzi? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani ng’ona ifuna kugwira ng’ombe?



Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Chiganizo ndi: Onani ng’ombe ndi ng’ona. Nditchula mawu pamene ndikulemba chiganizochi. Tchulani mawu aliwonse motsindika mukamawalemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani chiganizo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Chiganizo ndi: Onani ng’ombe ndi ng’ona. Kumbukirani kutchula mawu aliwonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene chiganizo pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Chiganizo ndi: Onani ng’ombe ndi ng’ona. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi. Kumbukirani kutchula mawu aliwonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Lolani ophunzira kuti abwereke mabuku kuti akawerenge kunyumba. Kumbukirani kuchita kalembera wa ophunzira omwe abwerekawo.

Ndamanga




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MUTU 27 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /ph/ ndi /ng’/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /ph/ ndi /ng’/

atchula dzina la malembo a ph ndi ng’



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi ph ndi ng’

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi ph ndi ng’ 3, 7 tsamba xviii

Kuwerenga ziganizo moyenera awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi ph ndi ng’

4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a ph ndi ng’ 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi ph ndi ng’ 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi ph ndi ng’ 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 27 Phunziro 10


MUTU 28 Phunziro 1 dw

308

MUTU 28 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /dw/ atchula liwu la /dw/ alemba lembo la dw





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a nze, kha, mbo, yu pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 105.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha dwala chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 105 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /dw/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /dw/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: dwala, phula, dwazika, ng’ona, dwalika ndi njerwa.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: dwala, mbala, bwera, dwazika, ng’anima ndi dwalika.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la dw.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 28 Phunziro 2

309

MUTU 28 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Banja la kansale.’ Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana. Ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa: mzime, mwanaalirenji, ndi chiyanjano.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani?

2 Nanga nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira afotokoze zomwe aphunzira mu nkhaniyi.


Banja la Kansale M’banja la bambo ndi mayi Kansale muli ana anayi. Mwana woyamba ndi Maliya, wachiwiri ndi Joni, wachitatu ndi Sunganani, ndipo mzime ndi Elufe. Banjali limakhala mosangalala chifukwa bambo ndi mayi Kansale amagwira ntchito molimbika. Pakhomo pawo ndi pa mwanaalirenji kotero ana awo sasowa chakudya. Banjali ndi la chitsanzo m’mudzi wonse wa Tsekula. Anthu ambiri adachita ubale ndi banjali chifukwa cha makhalidwe abwino omwe banjali limaonetsa. Pakati pa anthu a m’mudzimu pali chikondi ndi chiyanjano chabwino. Ntchito zachitukuko sizimavuta chifukwa cha ubale umenewu.


310

MUTU 28 Phunziro 3


dw alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi dw





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: dwazika (dwa – zi – ka = maphatikizo 3), dwala, thedwa, khalidwe, adokotala, matendawa ndi chidwi


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la dw, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 28.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 105.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /dw/ + /a/ = dwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: dwe, dwi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga dwa + la = dwala. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: dwazika, thedwa, chidwi ndi khalidwe. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 105.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la dwa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a dw kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 28 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi dw ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi dw



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a dw.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi abambo odwala ali kuti? 2 Nchiyani chomwe chimathetsa nzeru pa matenda?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Bambo uyu akudwala.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti akudwala kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 28 Phunziro 5 ps

312

MUTU 28 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /ps/ atchula liwu la /ps/ alemba lembo la ps





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a bwi, nye, nja, mbi, phi pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 107.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha pseda chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 107 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /ps/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /ps/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: pseda, ng’amba, psiti, dwala, psereza ndi phewa.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: pserera, mpanda, mtengo, psereza, psu ndi phala.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la ps.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 28 Phunziro 6

313

MUTU 28 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 28.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti mzime, mwanaalirenji, ndi chiyanjano ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Banja la Kansale’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 28.2.2 pa tsamba 309. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi ndi chifukwa chiyani banja la Kansale limakhala mosangalala? 2 Nanga ndi chifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri amapanga nawo ubale? 3 Nenani ubwino wa chikondi ndi chiyanjano pakati pa anthu. 4 Fotokozani nkhaniyi mwachidule.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti akafotokoze nkhaniyi mwachidule.



314

MUTU 28 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi ps alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi ps





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: pseda (pse – da = maphatikizo 2), psereza, opsa, zopserera, psiti, yapsa ndi adapsereza


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la ps, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 28.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 107.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /ps/ + /e/ = pse. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: psu, psi, pso, psa. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga o+psa = opsa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: yapsa, psiti, pseda, pserera ndi psereza. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 107.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la psa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a ps kuchokera pa makadi.


315

MUTU 28 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi ps ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi ps



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a ps.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi amayi aphika chiyani? 2 Kodi mwana akadatani kuti nyemba zisapserere?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Nyamayo yapsa bwino kwambiri.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti yapsa kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



316

MUTU 28 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /dw/ ndi /ps/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /dw/ ndi /ps/

atchula dzina la malembo a dw ndi ps



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi dw ndi ps

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi dw ndi ps 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi dw ndi ps 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a dw ndi ps 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi dw ndi ps 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi dw ndi ps 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 28 Phunziro 10


MUTU 29 Phunziro 1 bz

317

MUTU 29 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /bz/ atchula liwu la /bz/ alemba lembo la bz





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a ngi, mbe, tsa, nso, nga pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 109.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha bzala chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 109 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /bz/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /bz/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: bzala, dwazika, bzikula, phala, bzalani ndi psiti


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: bzala, njerwa, bzera, psereza, bzalani ndi dwala


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la bz.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 29 Phunziro 2

318

MUTU 29 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Mwana wasamvera.’ Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa dongo, unkhutukumve, ndi londera.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za chiyani? 2 Kodi nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti akafotokoze nkhaniyi mwachidule.

Mwana wosamvera Kalekale padali mwana wina dzina lake Alumando. Nyumba ya makolo ake idali pafupi ndi mtsinje. Patsidya pa mtsinjewo padali dondo komwe kudali nyama zambiri monga mikango, agwape ndi a Kalulu. Makolo a Alumando adamulangiza mwana wawo kuti asadzapite kudondoko. Iwo adamuuza kuti ngati ali ndi makutu amve zomwe iwo akunena. Koma Alumendo ankafunitsitsa ataziwona nyamazo pafupi chifukwa cha unkhutukumve. Tsiku lina makolo ake atapita kumunda Alumando adawoloka mtsinje ndi kukalowa mdondo muja. Mkango udamugwira ndi kummangirira pa mtengo. Kenaka Kalulu adatulukira pa malopo. Mkango uja udampempha kuti azilondera Alumandoyo. Pobwerera mkango uja udapeza kuti Alumando uja alibe makutu ndipo udadziwa kuti Kalulu wadya makutuwo koma adakana. Nyama ziwirizo zidaganiza zokafunsa makolo a Alumando. Kalulu adafunsa kuti "kodi uyu adali ndi makutu?' Makolo a Alumando anati, akadakhala ndi makutu akadamvera osapita kudondoko.'


319

MUTU 29 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi bz alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi bz





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: bzala (bza – la = maphatikizo 2), bzukula, kubzola, kabzalidwe, amabzala, bwino ndi kubzalidwa


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la bz, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 29.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 109.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /bz/ + /a/ = bza. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: bzu, bzo, bze. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga bza+la = bzala. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: bzukula, kubzola ndi bzalani. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 109.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la bzu.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a bz kuchokera pa makadi.


320

MUTU 29 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi bz ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi bz



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a bz.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Tchulani dzina la mbewu yomwe yatchulidwa mu nkhaniyi. 2 Nchiyani chomwe tiyenera kutsatira podzala mbewu?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Alimi abzala mbewu.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti abzala kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 29 Phunziro 5 fw

321

MUTU 29 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /fw/ atchula liwu la /fw/ alemba lembo la fw





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a tha, bza, mba, dzi pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 111.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha fwamba chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 111 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /fw/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /fw/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: fwafwaza, ng’oma, fwamba, dwala, fwifwa ndi pserera


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: fwafwaza, psu, phokoso, fwikofwiko, mtambo ndi fwamba


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la fw.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 29 Phunziro 6

322

MUTU 29 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 29.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti dongo, unkhutukumve, ndi londera ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Mwana wa Samvera’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 29.2.2 pa tsamba 318. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi Alumando adali mwana wa makhalidwe otani? 2 Inu mukadakhala Alumando mukadapita kudondo? Chifukwa chiyani?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)




323

MUTU 29 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi fw alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi fw





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: fwafwaza (fwa – fwa – za = maphatikizo 3), fwamba, fwifwa, fwikofwiko, wachifwamba ndi zofwafwazazo.


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la fw, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 29.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 111.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /fw/ + /a/ = fwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: fwe, fwi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga, fwa+mba = fwamba. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: fwafwaza, fwifwa, fwikofwiko ndi wachifwamba. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 111.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la fwa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a fw kuchokera pa makadi.


324

MUTU 29 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi fw ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi fw



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a fw.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi amayi akuyanika ndiwo zanji? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani amayi anadzidzimuka?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Amayi afwafwaza ndiwo.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti afwafwaza kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



325

MUTU 29 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /bz/ ndi /fw/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /bz/ ndi /fw/

atchula dzina la malembo a bz ndi fw



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi bz ndi fw

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi bz ndi fw 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi bz ndi fw 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a bz ndi fw 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi bz ndi fw 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi bz ndi fw 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 29 Phunziro 10


MUTU 30 Phunziro 1 gw

326

MUTU 30 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /gw/ atchula liwu la /gw/ alemba lembo la gw





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a ngo, chu, mte, de, fa pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 113.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha gwafa chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 113 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /gw/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /gw/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: gwafa, dwazika, gwada, bzala, gwira ndi ng’ombe.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: gwafa, njerwa, gwira, bzola, gwada, dwala ndi gwedeza


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la gw.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 30 Phunziro 2

327

MUTU 30 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Nyanja ya Malawi.’ Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa kukawedza, fwafwaza, ndi titeteze.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za chiyani? 2 Kodi nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Kuimba nyimbo iliyonse yokhudza chilengedwe. Ndamanga Lembani m’buku lanu maganizo anu okhudza mmene ophunzira akukhozera poyankha mafunso ounika phunziro pa tsamba xv.

Njanja ya Malawi Nyanja ya Malawi ndi yokongola kwambiri. Iyi ndi nyanja ya madzi okoma opanda mchere. Anthu ambiri amakonda kupita ku Nyanja ya Malawi. Ena amakasambira m’nyanjayi pomwe ena amakonda kuwedza. Nyanja ya Malawi ili ndi nsomba zambiri monga chambo, usipa, utaka ndi kampango. Anthu ambiri amakonda chambo chootcha, ena amakonda usipa wofwafwaza ndipo ena amakonda kampango owamba. Nsomba ndi ndiwo zabwino. Nsomba ndi zofunika. Tiyeni titeteze nyanja yathu yokongolayi.


328

MUTU 30 Phunziro 3


gw alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi gw





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: gwada (gwa–da = maphatikizo 2), gwedeza, wagwafa, agwedeza, gwera, gwira ndi kwambiri.


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la gw, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 30.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 113.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /gw/ + /a/ = gwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: gwe, gwi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga gwa + da = gwada. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: gwera, gwafa, gwira ndi gwedeza. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 113.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la gwa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a gw kuchokera pa makadi.


329

MUTU 30 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi gw ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi gw



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a gw.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi ndi mtengo wanji womwe ana amagwira? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani zipatso zambiri zidagwa pansi?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Gwafa amakoma kwambiri.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti gwafa kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 30 Phunziro 5 ml

330

MUTU 30 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /ml/ atchula liwu la /ml/ alemba lembo la ml





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a phi, nyu, kwa, gu, zu pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 115.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha mleme chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 35 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /ml/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /ml/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: mleme, nzama, mlimi, mtondo, mlamba ndi ng’oma


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: mlomo, mluzu, mtambo, bzala, mlimi ndi gwera


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la ml.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 30 Phunziro 6

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MUTU 30 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 30.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti kukawedza, fwafwaza, ndi titeteze ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Nyanja ya Malawi’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 30.2.2 pa tsamba 327. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.


Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Chifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri amakonda kupita ku nyanja ya Malawi? 2 Tchulani mitundu itatu ya nsomba zomwe zimapezeka m’nyanja ya Malawi. 3 Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chakusangalatsani kwambiri mu nkhaniyi? 4 Fotokozani nkhaniyi mwachidule.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo iliyonse yokhudza kusamala chilengedwe.



332

MUTU 30 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi ml alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi ml





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: mlomo (mlo – mo = maphatikizo 2), mlamba, mlimiyu, mlomo, mosangalala, mlambawo, mluzu.


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la ml, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 30.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 115.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /ml/ + /a/ = mla. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: mle, mlu, mli, mlo. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga mli + mi = mlimi. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: mlamba, mlendo, mluzu, mlomo. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 115.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la mli.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a ml kuchokera pa makadi.


333

MUTU 30 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi ml ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi ml



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a ml.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi mlimi akuchokera kuti? 2 N’chifukwa chiyani mlimi akuimba mluzu mosangalala?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Mlimiyu wagula mlamba.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti mlimi kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



334

MUTU 30 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /gw/ ndi /ml/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /gw/ ndi /ml/

atchula dzina la malembo a gw ndi ml



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi gw ndi ml

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi gw ndi ml 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi gw ndi ml 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a gw ndi ml 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi gw ndi ml 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi gw ndi ml 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 30 Phunziro 10


MUTU 31 Phunziro 1

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MUTU 31 Phunziro 1



Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; bokosi la zithunzi zosiyanasiyana pa tsamba 117 Ntchito 1 ndi bokosi la pa tsamba 117 Ntchito 2; la buku la ophunzira; makadi a malembo a ph, ng’, dw, ps, bz, fw, gw, ml


Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ya ‘Kutchula kwa maliwu’ pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /ph/, /ng’/, /dw/, /ps/, /bz/, /fw/, /gw/, /ml/


Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 117. Yang'anani ndi kuloza chithunzi cha chinthu chomwe dzina lake limayamba ndi liwu la /ph/. Tchulani dzina la chithunzicho. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi zithunzi zotsatira pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /ng’/, /dw/, /ps/, /bz/, /fw/, /gw/, /ml/. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Titchula liwu loyamba m’mayina a zinthu zili m’bokosi pa tsamba 117 Ntchito 1. Lozani chithunzi choyamba ndi kunena kuti: uyu ndi dwala Liwu loyamba m’mawuwa ndi /dw/, /dw/. Uzani ophunzira atchule liwu loyamba la mayina a zinthu zina m’mabokosi otsatirawo. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Titchula mayina ndi maliwu a malembo. Onetsani ophunzira khadi la lembo la dw ndi kufunsa ophunzira kuti atchule dzina la lembolo ndi liwu lake. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi malembo enawo kuchokera pa makadi ndi m’buku lawo pa tsamba 117.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yotchula maliwu awa: /ph/, /ng’/, /dw/, /ps/, /bz/, /fw/, /gw/, /ml/

MUTU 31 Phunziro 2

336

MUTU 31 Phunziro 2









Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo yowerenga maphatikizo ya ‘Pamchenga, Pamchenga timatere posewera’.

MUTU 31 Phunziro 3

337

MUTU 31 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira awerenga mawu.







Tichita sewero la Bingo m’magulu athu. Uzani ophunzira kuti muwafunsa funso ndipo akambirana m’magulu kuti apeze yankho. Akapeza yankholo, anene kuti ‘Bingo!’ mokweza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 119 Ntchito 4. Pezani mawu omwe ali ndi phatikizo la ng’o. Mukapeza mawuwo, nenani kuti Bingo mokweza. Pitirizani ndi maphatikizo ena monga kwa ndi bzu.

Mathero (Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole khadi la mawu ndi kuwerenga. Mawu ndi awa: dwazika, bzukula, mlendo, thedwa, ndi bzala.

MUTU 31 Phunziro 4

338

MUTU 31 Phunziro 4


Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; tchati la mawu pa tsamba 118, Ntchito 4


Kutchula liwu loyamba m’mawu: phika, ng’ombe, fwamba, bzukula, mlendo, gwira ndi kubzola





Mathero (Mphindi 3)


MUTU 31 Phunziro 5

339

MUTU 31 Phunziro 5







Lembani ziganizo izi pa bolodi (pa tsamba 119 Ntchito 5): Mlimi amabzala mbewu zambiri. Amabzala gwafa ndi ndiwo zamasamba. Ndiwo zamasamba amafwafwaza. Mlimi amasunganso ng’ombe. Masiku ena amapha ng’ombe kuti akagulitse. Akagulitsa, amapeza ndalama zothandizira banja lake. Tsopano tiwerenga ziganizo. Ndiwerenga ziganizozi ndekha, kenaka tiwerenga limodzi, pomaliza muwerenga nokha.



Ntchito 31.5.3 Kutsiriza ziganizo (Mphindi 6)

Uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule mabuku awo pa tsamba 120 Ntchito 6. Kambiranani ndi ophunzira momwe angalembere ntchitoyi yotsiriza ziganizo. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe m’makope mwawo.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)



340



Dzina la

Ophunzira

1 = A


a 2 =

Wakhoza

pang’ono 3 =

Wakhoza

bwino

4 = W

akhoza kw

ambiri

Mulingo

wakakhozedw

e Ku

bw

ereza nd

i Ku

yesa Op

hu

nzira











awerenga nkhani yomwe muli mawu opangidwa kuchokera ku maliwu, malembo ndi maphatikizo omwe aphunzira kale




MUTU 32 Phunziro 1 mv

341

MUTU 32 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /mv/ atchula liwu la /mv/ alemba lembo la mv





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a gwa, ngu, kwa, mte, nsi omwe ali pa tsamba 121 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 121. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa mvuu, ndipomawu woti mvuu amayamba ndi liwu la /mv/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /mv/. Poyamba nditchula liwu kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /mv/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi mvuu. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /mv/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi gwada. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /mv/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /mv/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi mvuu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi gwada. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi mvunguti, mtambo, nyumba, ndi mvera.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /mv/. Mawu oyamba ndi mvuu. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga mwana, mvano, mvula, ndi mpunga m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


342



Mawu oyamba ndi mvula. Liwu loyamba ndi /mv/. Mawu ena ndi njuchi. Liwu loyamba ndi /nj/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi mvula. Liwu loyamba ndi /mv/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi njuchi, mlomo, mvera, mtengo ndi mvunguti.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi mvula. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga ngolo, mvuu, mtundu, ndi mpiru m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la mv. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la mv ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la mv wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la mv wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena kalembedwe kake.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la mv m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 32 Phunziro 2

343

MUTU 32 Phunziro 2






Tilosera nkhani. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Mudzi wathu’ Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Tikudziwa chiyani za ..? Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikhoza kunenanso za chiyani. Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.




Mudzi wathu Mudzi wathu ndi wokongola. Anthu onse a m’mudzimo ndi aukhondo. Ndipo amamvana pa zochitika za m’mudzimo. Nyumba zonse adazifolera ndi malata komanso ndi zokongoletsedwa ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana. Pa nyumba iliyonse pali maluwa osamalidwa bwino. Alendo ambiri amachita chidwi ndi maonekedwe ake. Mudziwu uli m’mphepete mwa mfuleni waukulu. Anthu ambiri amawedza nsomba mu mfuleniwu. Ana amakonda kukasambira. Akamapita kosambira, anawo amatsakana ndi akuluakulu kuti aziwateteza akakumana ndi zoopsa. Akamaliza kusambira amatunga madzi okagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana kunyumba.

MUTU 32 Phunziro 2

344


Mu nkhani ya Mudzi wathu tinamva mawu atsopano. Tikambirana matanthauzo a mawu. Mawu oyamba ndi folera. Gwiritsani ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana pophunzitsa mawuwa. Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka. Uzani ophunzira tanthauzo la mawuwa ndi kukambirana nawo ngati akudziwa matanthauzo ena. Perekani ziganizo zosachepera ziwiri zokhala ndi mawuwa. Funsani ophunzira angapo kuti anene ziganizo zokhala ndi mawuwa. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu ndi utoto, chidwi, mfuleni ndi mphepete. Ndiwerenganso nkhaniyi ndipo mumvetserenso mawu atsopano amene tangophunzira aja. Imikani dzanja mukamva mawu atsopanowa. Mumvetserenso ngati muli mawu ena omwe tanthauzo lake simukulidziwa. Uzani ophunzira omwe apeza mawu ena omwe sakuwadziwa kuti amalizitse chiganizo ichi mukatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi: ‘Mawu amodzi omwe sindikuwadziwa mu nkhaniyi ndi …?’ Kambiranani matanthauzo a mawu ena omwe ophunzira awatchule.


Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Auzeni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani? 2 Kodi nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira afotokoza zomwe aphunzira mu nkhaniyi.

Ndamanga




345

MUTU 32 Phunziro 3

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi mv alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi mv






Mawu ndi mvula. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: mvu –la. Mawu akuti mvula ali ndi maphatikizo awiri. Mawu ena ndi mvekero. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: mve– ke–ro. Mawu akuti mvekero ali ndi maphatikizo atatu.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi mvula. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a mvula. Pitirizani ndi omvera, mvunguti, ndi imvi.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi mvula. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a mvula. Pitirizani ndi mvera, mvano ndi wamvula.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la mv. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /mv/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 121. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la mv pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la mvu pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /mv/ – /u/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: mvu. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi mvi.


346

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la mvu ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /mv/ – /u/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo mvu. Bwerezani ndi mvi ndi mva.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la mvu. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /mv/ – /u/ kenaka phatikizo la mvu. Pitirizani ndi mve, mva ndi mvi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti mvula pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: mvu – la. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: mvula. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi mvunguti.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani mvula pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: mvu – la kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: mvula. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi mvunguti ndi imvi.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani mvula pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: mvu – la kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: mvula. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi mvera, mvano ndi imvi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 121 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la mv lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi mv. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi mvu. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /mv/ – /u/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi mvu. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti mvu. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere mvu.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi mvu. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi mvi ndi mva.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a mv kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 32 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi mv ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi mv



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a mv.


Tiyeni titsekule buku lathu pa tsamba 122. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi: Kodi mukuonapo chiyani? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho awo. Akumbutseni kuti atha kupeza zomwe nkhani ikukamba kuchokera pa zomwe akudziwa kale. Titha kulosera za nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe tikuona m’chithunzi. Tsopano tilosera nkhani. Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.









348


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi m’mutu mwa agogo muli chiyani? 2 Kodi agogo aona mtambo wotani? 3 Chifukwa chiyani ana amabisala mvula ikamagwa?



Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Chiganizo ndi: Mvula igwa posachedwapa. Nditchula mawu pamene ndikulemba chiganizochi. Tchulani mawu aliwonse motsindika mukamawalemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani chiganizo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Chiganizo ndi: Mvula igwa posachedwapa. Kumbukirani kutchula mawu aliwonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene chiganizo pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula mawu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Chiganizo ndi: Mvula igwa posachedwapa. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi. Kumbukirani kutchula mawu aliwonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani m’kalasimo pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu monga mvula, imvi, omvera, mvano ndi mvunguti pamakadipo. Funsani ophunzira kuti akapeze ndi kulemba mawu ena awiri okhala ndi mv m’makope mwawo kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.

Ndamanga



MUTU 32 Phunziro 5 dy

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MUTU 32 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /dy/ atchula liwu la /dy/ alemba lembo la dy





Unikani ndi ophunzira maphatikizo a kha, dzi, nya, mpu, pha omwe ali pa tsamba 123 la m’buku lawo pafupi ndi chizindikiro cha nsomba.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi chomwe chili pa tsamba 123. Auzeni kuti chithunzicho chikuonetsa mnyamata akudya chakudya, ndipomawu woti chakudya ali ndi liwu la /dy/.


Lero tiphunzira liwu latsopano la /dy/. Poyamba nditchula liwu, kenaka ndinena mawu amodzi pa nthawi. Ngati mawuwo akuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala m’mwamba. Ngati sakuyamba ndi liwu limenelo tiloze chala pansi.

Liwu latsopano ndi /dy/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo. Mawu oyamba ndi dyera. Mawuwa akuyamba ndi /dy/. Choncho ndiloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi bzala. Mawuwa sakuyamba ndi /dy/. Choncho ndiloza chala pansi.

Tiyeni titchulire limodzi /dy/. Bwerezani kutchula liwuli kangapo limodzi ndi ophunzira. Mawu oyamba ndi dyera. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala m’mwamba. Mawu ena ndi bzala. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aloza chala pansi. Pitirizani ndi dwala, nyanja, dyokodyoko ndi dzulo.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Liwu ndi /dy/. Mawu oyamba ndi dyera. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga nyemba, dyokodyoko, dwazika ndi dyera m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


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Mawu oyamba ndi dyera. Liwu loyamba ndi /dy/. Mawu ena ndi gwira. Liwu loyamba ndi /gw/.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi dyera. Liwu loyamba ndi /dy/. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula liwu loyamba molondola. Pitirizani ndi dyokodyoko, dzira, dwazika, ndi fwamba.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Mawu oyamba ndi dyera. Pitirizani ndi mawu ena monga duku, nyerere, dyokodyoko, ndi dwala m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tiphunzira kalembedwe ka lembo la dy. Poyamba nditchula zitchetche za lembo la dy ndikamalemba lemboli m’malere ndi pa bolodi. Kenaka titchula limodzi zitchetche zake polemba m’malere. Pomaliza mutchula nokha zitchetche mukamalemba m’malere ndi m’makope mwanu.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Lembani lembo la dy wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena zitchetche zake ndipo zioneke motere.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Lembani lembo la dy wamng’ono pa bolodi mukunena kalembedwe kake.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Kumbutsani ophunzira kuti lembo lawo lioneke ngati lembo lomwe mwalemba pa bolodi. Ophunzira alemba lembo la dy m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pomwe ophunzira akulemba kuti muone kagwiridwe ka pensulo, mmene akulembera lemboli komanso ngati akulemba molondola m’mizere ya m’kope lawo. Yamikirani ophunzira omwe alemba molondola ndipo konzani omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 32 Phunziro 6

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MUTU 32 Phunziro 6






Lero ndikuwerengerani nkhani yomwe mudamvetsera kale. Koma ndisanawerenge, tiunikanso matanthauzo amawu kuti timvetse nkhaniyi. Ndikuwerengerani nkhaniyi kenaka muyankha mafunso. Mutu wa nkhaniyi ndi ‘Mudzi wathu.’ Tsopano tikambirananso matanthauzo a mawu omwe tidakambirana kale. Mawuwa ndi folera. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu woti folera mu chiganizo chomwe chikupereka tanthauzo la mawuwo. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi utoto, chidwi, mphepete, ndi mfuleni. Kumbukirani kuti ophunzira apange ziganizo ndi mawuwo.




Mudzi wathu Mudzi wathu ndi wokongola. Anthu onse a m’mudzimo ndi a ukhondo. Ndipo amamvana pa zochitika za m’mudzimo. Nyumba zonse anazifolera ndi malata komanso ndi zokongoletsedwa ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana. Pa nyumba iliyonse pali maluwa osamalidwa bwino. Alendo ambiri amachita chidwi ndi maonekedwe ake. Mudziwu uli m’mphepete mwa mfuleni waukulu. Anthu ambiri amawedza nsomba mu mfuleniwu. Ana amakonda kukasambira. Akamapita kosambira, anawo amatsakana ndi akuluakulu kuti aziwateteza akakumana ndi zoopsa. Akamaliza kusambira amatunga madzi okagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana kunyumba.

MUTU 32 Phunziro 6

352


Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi anthu a m’mudziwu amachita chiyani? 2 Kodi alendo amachita chidwi ndi mudziwu chifukwa chiyani? 3 Kodi mukuganizira kuti ndi zoopsa ziti ana akadatha kukumana nazo akamapita

kosamba?

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Kuimba nyimbo ina iliyonse yokhudza kusamala chilengedwe.

Ndamanga




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MUTU 32 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi dy alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi dy






Mawu ndi dyera. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: dye–ra. Mawu akuti dyera ali ndi maphatikizo awiri. Mawu ena ndi dyokodyoko. Imikani chala chimodzichimodzi potchula phatikizo lililonse uku mukunena: dyo–ko–dyo–ko. Mawu akuti dyokodyoko ali ndi maphatikizo zinayi.

Tiyeni tichitire limodzi. Mawu ndi dyera. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira aimika chala chimodzichimodzi powerenga maphatikizo mogwirizana ndi maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a dyera. Pitirizani ndi adya, chakudya, ndi adyere.

Tsopano muchita nokha. Mawu ndi dyera. Ophunzira awerenga kuchuluka kwa maphatikizo omwe ali m’mawu a dyera. Pitirizani ndi chakudyachi, mudyo, ndi adyetsa.


Tiunika liwu ndi dzina la lembo la dy. Ndani angatchule mawu oyamba ndi liwu la /dy/? … Kenaka uzani ophunzira kuti atsekule buku lawo pa tsamba 123. Lozani pomwe pali lembo la dy pa tsambali.



Lembani phatikizo la dyo pa bolodi. Lozani lembo lililonse palokha mukunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: /dy/–/o/. Yendetsani chala kunsi kwa phatikizo ndi kunena kuti: dyo. Onetsetsani kuti pomaliza mwatchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo. Bwerezani ndi dya.


354

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse ndikaloza. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula phatikizo la dyo ndipo kenaka atchula maliwu a /dy/ – /o/. Akamaliza mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula maliwuwo ngati phatikizo dyo. Bwerezani ndi dya ndi dye.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani phatikizo la dyo. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a /dy/ – /o/ kenaka phatikizo la dyo. Pitirizani ndi dya ndi dye. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.



Lembani mawu woti dyera pa bolodi. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndi kunena kuti: Yang’anani kuno: dye–ra. Lozani phatikizo lililonse powerenga mawuwa ndipo kenaka yendetsani chala kunsi kwa mawuwa ndi kuwerenga kuti: dyera. Pitirizani kutchula maphatikizowa ndi kuwerenga mawuwa kangapo. Bwerezani ndi chakudya.

Tsopano tichitira limodzi. Lembani dyera pa bolodi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: dye – ra kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: dyera. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Bwerezani ndi chakudya ndi adya.

Tsopano mutchula nokha. Lembani dyera pa bolodi. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo: dye – ra kenaka awerenga mawu onsewo kuti: dyera. Kumbukirani kuloza phatikizo lililonse pa bolodi pamene ophunzira akuwerenga. Pitirizani ndi mudyo, dyokodyoko, ndi chakudya. Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu pa tsamba 123 m’buku lawo pomwe pali kamba ndi tambala, m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Tilemba maphatikizo pogwiritsa ntchito lembo la dy lomwe tidaphunzira kale. Poyamba ndilemba maphatikizo okhala ndi dy. Kenaka tilemba limodzi. Pomaliza mulemba nokha.

Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Phatikizo ndi dyo. Nditchula maliwu pamene ndikulemba phatikizolo /dy/ – /o/.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Phatikizo ndi dyo. Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lililonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene kuti dyo. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira anena pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi, ophunzira akulemba m’malere dyo.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Phatikizo ndi dyo. Phatikizo lomwe mwalemba lioneke ngati limene ndalemba pa bolodi (kapena khadi). Kumbukirani kutchula liwu lilonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira alemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa. Ngati nthawi ikadalipo, pitirizani ndi dye ndi dya.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a dy kuchokera pa makadi.


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MUTU 32 Phunziro 8


m’chithunzi awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili

ndi mawu okhala ndi dy ayankha mafunso ochokera pa

nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi dy



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a dy.


Tiyeni titsekule buku lathu pa tsamba 124. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe zili m’chithunzichi: Kodi m’chithunzichi mukuonapo chiyani? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira mayankho awo. Akumbutseni kuti atha kupeza zomwe nkhani ikukamba kuchokera pa zomwe akudziwa kale. Titha kulosera za nkhani pogwiritsa ntchito zomwe tikuona m’chithunzi. Tsopano tilosera nkhani. Kodi mukuganiza kuti nkhaniyi ikunena za chiyani? Uzani ophunzira awiri kapena atatu kuti anene maganizo awo.









356


Tsopano tiyeni tione ngati kulosera kwathu kukugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe tawerenga. Tinalosera kuti... (Akumbutseni ophunzira zomwe analosera zija). Kodi izi ndi zomwe tawerenga mu ndimeyi? Kambiranani ndi ophunzira ngati zomwe analosera zija zikugwirizana ndi ndime yomwe awerenga kapena ayi. Ngati ndi choncho, akumbutseni kuti zomwe tikudziwa kale pa nkhani zimatithandiza kuti tilosere ndi kumvetsetsa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane zomwe tamva mu nkhaniyi. Funsani mafunso atsatirawa, limodzi pa nthawi. Ngati ophunzira ayankhe mafunso potchula mawu amodzi kapena awiri auzeni kuti ayankhe pogwiritsa ntchito chiganizo. Akayankha funso lililonse, auzeni kuti anene mmene akudziwira yankho. Afunseni kuti afotokoze mfundo yosonyeza kuti akudziwa yankho. Ngati sakudziwa yankho lake, aphunzitseni mmene angapezere yankho. 1 Kodi banjali ndi la yani? 2 Kodi iwo akudya chakudya chanji? 3 N’chifukwa chiyani kukhosi kunali dyokodyoko?



Jambulani mizere inayi yoongoka pamene mukulemba mwaluso pa bolodi. Yang’anani kuno. Chiganizo ndi: Chakudyachi ndi chopatsa mudyo. Nditchula mawu pamene ndikulemba chiganizochi. Tchulani mawu aliwonse motsindika mukamawalemba. Mukatha kulembako, werengani chiganizo.

Tsopano tilemba limodzi. Chiganizo ndi: Chakudyachi ndi chopatsa mudyo. Kumbukirani kutchula mawu aliwonse pamene tikulemba. Tiyeni tinene chiganizo pamodzi. Mphunzitsi ndi ophunzira atchula mawu pamene mphunzitsi akulemba pa bolodi ndipo ophunzira akulemba m’malere.

Tsopano lembani m’makope mwanu. Chiganizo ndi: Chakudyachi ndi chopatsa mudyo. Mawu omwe mwalemba aoneke ngati amene ndalemba pa bolodi. Kumbukirani kutchula mawu aliwonse pamene mukulemba. Ophunzira atchula maliwu a mawu pamene akulemba m’makope mwawo. Yenderani pamene ophunzira akulemba. Konzani ophunzira omwe akulakwitsa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti awerenge ziganizo zomwe alemba. Uzani ophunzira kuti akawerenge chiganizo chomwe alemba kwa makolo awo.

Ndamanga




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MUTU 32 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /mv/ ndi /dy/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /mv/ ndi /dy/

atchula dzina la malembo amv ndi dy



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi mv ndi dy

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi mv ndi dy 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi mv ndi dy 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a mv ndi dy 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi mv ndi dy 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi mv ndi dy 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 32 Phunziro 10


MUTU 33 Phunziro 1 ms

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MUTU 33 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /ms/ atchula liwu la /ms/ alemba lembo la ms





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a dya, thu, dye, nja pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 125.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha msewu chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 125 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /ms/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /ms/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: msewu, mvula, msale, mlamba, msika ndi gwira


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: msewu, mudyo, msomali, mvera, mlimi ndi msirikali


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la ms.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


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MUTU 33 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Chimwemwe amakonda sukulu.’ Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana. Ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa wakhama, mogometsa, chidwi, ndi ukachenjede.



1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za chiyani? 2 Kodi nkhaniyi ikuchitikira kuti?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani nyimbo monga “Kusukulu n’kwabwino taphunzira…” Gwiritsani ntchito malembo omwe aphunzira kale.

Chimwemwe amakonda sukulu Chimwemwe ndi mtsikana wakhama. Iye ndi makolo ake amakhala m’mudzi wa a Botolo. Mtsikanayu amakonda sukulu kwambiri. Amapita ku sukulu ya m’mudzimo yotchedwa Khobwe. Iye amakhoza masamu mogometsa. Chimwemwe amakhala akuwerenga nthawi zambiri. Akabwera ku sukulu amakhala pakhonde ndi kumawerenga. Makolo ake ali ndi chidwi pa maphunziro a mwana wawo. Iwo akufuna kuti Chimwemwe adzaphunzire maphunziro aukachenjede.


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MUTU 33 Phunziro 3


ms alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi ms





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: msale (msa–le = maphatikizo 2), msewu, msomali, msirikali, msikawu, timagulanso ndi kumsika


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la ms, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 33.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 125.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /ms/ + /i/ = msi. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: msa, msu, mse, mso. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga msi + ka = msika. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: msale, msewu, msirikali, ndi msomali. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 125.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la msi.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a ms kuchokera pa makadi.


361

MUTU 33 Phunziro 4


mawu okhala ndi ms ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi ms



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a ms.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi amayi ali kuti? 2 Kodi msika uli pafupi ndi chiyani? 3 Ku msika timagulako zinthu zotani?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Amayi ali kumsika.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti msika kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 33 Phunziro 5 sw

362

MUTU 33 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /sw/ atchula liwu la /sw/ alemba lembo la sw





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a gwa, mbi, yo, mse pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 127.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha swiswiri chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 127 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /sw/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /sw/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: sweka, gwetsa, dzana, swiswiri, swera ndi phana.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: swana, gwada, mpira, nsana, swera ndi bwana.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la sw.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 33 Phunziro 6

363

MUTU 33 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 33.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti wakhama, mogometsa, chidwi, ndi ukachenjedendi ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Chimwemwe Amakonda Sukulu’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 33.2.2 pa tsamba 359. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.


Uzani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero.

1 Kodi Chimwemwe adali mwana wotani? 2 Ndi chifukwa chiyani Chimwemwe amakhoza mogometsa? 3 Fotokozani nkhaniyi mwachidule.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Funsani ophunzira afotokoze mwachidule zomwe nkhaniyi ikunena.



364

MUTU 33 Phunziro 7

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga maphatikizo awerenga mawu okhala ndi sw alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi sw





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: sweka (swe–ka = maphatikizo 2), swiswiri, adaswera, yasweka, swana, adadandaula, swiswiriyo


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la sw, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 33.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 127.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /sw/ + /e/ = swe. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: swa, swi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga swe + ka = sweka. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: swera, swiswiri, swana. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 127.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la swa.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a sw kuchokera pa makadi.


365

MUTU 33 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi sw ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi sw

Zipangizo zophunzitsira zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Tchati la ziganizo, buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, makope ndi mapensulo.


Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a sw.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi swiswiri adaswera mu chiyani? 2 Ndani amene adagenda swiswiri? 3 Kodi ntchito ya mbiya ndi yotani?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Swiswiri adaswera mu mbiya.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti swiswiri kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



366

MUTU 33 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /ms/ ndi /sw/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /ms/ ndi /sw/

atchula dzina la malembo a ms ndi sw



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi ms ndi sw

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi ms ndi sw 3, 7 tsamba xviii


awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi ms ndi sw 4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a ms ndi sw 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi ms ndi sw 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi ms ndi sw 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 33 Phunziro 10


MUTU 34 Phunziro 1 mk

367

MUTU 34 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /mk/ atchula liwu la /mk/ alemba lembo la mk

Zipangizo zophunzitsira zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira, makope ndi mapensulo




Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a mwe, dza, dzi, kwa, nga pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 129.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha mkango chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 129 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /mk/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /mk/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: mkango, msale, mkeka, mvula, gwira ndi mkono


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: mkango, mkaka, msewu, mvano, mkanda, mlendo ndi mkangano


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la mk.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 34 Phunziro 2

368

MUTU 34 Phunziro 2






Uzani ophunzira nkhani ya ‘Mitengo.’ Kambiranani ndi ophunzira zomwe akudziwa pa mutu wa nkhaniyi ndipo auzeni kuti alosera nkhaniyi.





Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu awa bzala, litsipia, ndi nthaka.



1 Kodi nkhaniyi ikukamba za yani? 2 Tchulani malo amene mungabzale mitengo?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


Mitengo Ku Malawi kuli mitengo yambiri yodziwika ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Ina ndi yachilengedwe monga masau, mthethe, msangu ndi ina. Ina yobzala monga malayina ndi bulugamu. Mitengo imamera kapena kubzalidwa kumapiri, mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi pakhomo. Mitengo yonseyi ndiyofunika kwambiri. Mitengo imabweretsa mvula, imatipatsa zipatso, nkhuni, komanso timapezamo mankhwala ochiritsa matenda monga litsipa, kutsekula m'mimba ndi ena. Masamba ake amapereka manyowa. Mizu ya mitengo imathandiza kuti madzi asakokolole nthaka ndi zomera. Tiyenera kubzala mitengo ina tikadula.


369

MUTU 34 Phunziro 3


mk alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi mk





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: mkangano (mka – ga – no = maphatikizo 3), mkaka, mkekawu, mkono, lamkaka ndi akuluka


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la mk, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 34.1 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 129.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /mk/ + /a/ = mka. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: mku, mko, mke. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga mke + ka = mkeka. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: mkono, mkaka, mkanda ndi mkangano. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 129.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la mka.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a mk kuchokera pa makadi.


370

MUTU 34 Phunziro 4

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: afotokoza zomwe akuona m’chithunzi awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu

okhala ndi mk ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi mk



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a mk.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi atate ndi amayi akuluka chiyani? 2 Nanga mlaza amagwiritsa ntchito yanji? 3 Kodi ubwino wa mkaka ndi wotani?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Amayi akuluka mkeka.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti mkeka kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.


MUTU 34 Phunziro 5 mz

371

MUTU 34 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: amva katchulidwe ka /mz/ atchula liwu la /mz/ alemba lembo la mz





Kuunika kuwerenga maphatikizo a nju, nze, mba, dwa, ngo pafupi ndi nsomba pa tsamba 131.


Kambiranani ndi ophunzira za chithunzi cha ophunzira omwe ali pa mzere chomwe chili pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 131 ndi kuwaphunzitsa liwu la lembo la /mz/.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, poloza chala m’mwamba ndi pansi pophunzitsa mawu omwe akuyamba ndi liwu la /mz/. Gwiritsani ntchito mawu awa: mzere, mkaka, mzati, msika, mzungu ndi mvera


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, popeza liwu loyamba m’mawu awa: mzere, mlamba, mzime, bzukula, Mzuzu ndi msirikali


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi– Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba lembo la mz.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 34 Phunziro 6

372

MUTU 34 Phunziro 6






Gwiritsani ntchito zipangizo zophunzitsira monga zinthu, zithunzi, matanthauzo a mawu, zitsanzo kapena zokambirana ngati n’kotheka phunzitsani mawu unikani mawu kuchokera mu nkhani mu Phunziro 34.2, pamodzi ndimawu woti bzala, litsipia, ndi nthaka ndi mawu ena atsopano omwe mwaphunzitsa kale.


Werengani nkhani ya ‘Mitengo’ kawiri kuchokera pa Ntchito 34.2.2 pa tsamba 368. Mukatha kuwerenga, perekani mwayi kwa ophunzira kuti afunse mafunso pa nkhaniyi.



1 Tchulani kufunka kwa mitengo. 2 Kodi chingachitike ndi chiyani ngati sitibzala mitengo ina?

Mathero (Mphindi 2)




373

MUTU 34 Phunziro 7


mz alemba maphatikizo okhala

ndi mz





Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, werengani maphatikizo a mawu awa: mzere (mze – re = maphatikizo 2), mzati, mbatatayi, adzagulira, mzungu, ndalamazo, mzinda


Unikani mawu oyambira ndi lembo la mz, liwu la lembo, ndi dzina la lembo kuchokera pa Phunziro 34.5 pafupi ndi kalulu pa tsamba 131.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga maphatikizo polumikiza malembo monga /mz/ + /u/ = mzu. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi maphatikizo awa: mze, mza, mzi. Fufutani pa bolodi ndi kulembanso maphatikizowo mosakanizasakaniza kuti ophunzira asaloweze.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, phunzitsani kupanga mawu polumikiza maphatikizo monga, mze + re = mzere. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi mawu awa: mzati, mzimu, mzuzu, mzime, mzungu. Mukatha kuwerenga pa bolodi, uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu omwe ali pafupi ndi kamba ndi tambala pa tsamba 131.


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi – Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira – Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba phatikizo la mzi.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Uzani ophunzira kuti awerenge maphatikizo ndi mawu okhala ndi malembo a mz kuchokera pa makadi.


374

MUTU 34 Phunziro 8


mawu okhala ndi mz ayankha mafunso ochokera pa nkhani alemba mawu okhala ndi mz



Imbani nyimbo yotchula malembo a mz.








Funsani mafunso awa. Uzani ophunzira kuti asonyeze kuti akudziwadi yankholo. Athandizeni njira yophunzirira kumvetsa nkhani ngati n’kofunika kutero. 1 Kodi mu mzerewu muli chiyani? 2 Nanga iye amakhala kuti? 3 Kodi ubwino wa mzati wa nyumba ndi wotani?


Gwiritsani ntchito ndondomeko yophunzitsira yoyamba ndi Mphunzitsi–Mphunzitsi ndi Ophunzira–Ophunzira okhaokha, pophunzitsa kulemba chiganizo ndi: Mzerewu adalima ndi mzime wa kwathu.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Uzani ophunzira angapo kuti atole makadi ndi kuwerenga mawu pamakadipo. Uzani ophunzira kuti akalembe mawu woti mzere kunyumba ndipo akaonetse makolo awo.



375

MUTU 34 Phunziro 9





amva katchulidwe ka /mk/ ndi /mz/

1, 5 tsamba xvi atchula liwu la /mk/ ndi /mz/

atchula dzina la malembo a mk ndi mz



awerenga maphatikizo okhala ndi mk ndi mz

Kuwerenga mawu

awerenga mawu okhala ndi mk ndi mz 3, 7 tsamba xviii

Kuwerenga ziganizo moyenera awerenga ziganizo zomwe zili ndi mawu okhala ndi mk ndi mz

4, 8 tsamba xix




Kulemba

alemba malembo a mk ndi mz 1, 5

tsamba xxi alemba maphatikizo okhala ndi mk ndi mz 3, 7

alemba mawu okhala ndi mk ndi mz 4, 8

Matanthauzo a mawu



Kumvetsa nkhani

alosera nkhani



MUTU 34 Phunziro 10


MUTU 35 Phunziro 1

376

MUTU 35 Phunziro 1

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: atchula mayina a zinthu atchula liwu loyamba m’mayina a

zinthu atchula mayina a malembo atchula maliwu a malembo

Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; bokosi la zithunzi zosiyanasiyana pa tsamba 133 Ntchito 1 ndi bokosi la pa tsamba 133 Ntchito 2 la buku la ophunzira; makadi a malembo a mv, dy, ms, sw, mk, mz


Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ya ‘Kutchula kwa maliwu’ pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /mv/, /dy/, /ms/, /sw/, /mk/, /mz/


Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 133. Yang'anani ndi kuloza chithunzi cha chinthu chomwe dzina lake limayamba ndi liwu la /mv/. Tchulani dzina la chithunzicho. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi zithunzi zotsatira pogwiritsa ntchito maliwu awa: /mv/, /dy/, /ms/, /sw/, /mk/, /mz/. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Titchula liwu loyamba m’mayina a zinthu zili m’bokosi pa tsamba 133 Ntchito 1. Lozani chithunzi choyamba ndi kunena kuti: uyu ndi mvuu. Liwu loyamba m’mawuwa ndi /mv/, /mv/. Uzani ophunzira atchule liwu loyamba la mayina a zinthu zina m’mabokosi otsatirawo. Ophunzira achite m’magulu, awiriawiri ndi mmodzimmodzi.


Titchula mayina ndi maliwu a malembo. Onetsani ophunzira khadi la lembo la mv ndi kufunsa ophunzira kuti atchule dzina la lembolo ndi liwu lake. Chitani chimodzimodzi ndi malembo enawo kuchokera pa makadi ndi m’buku lawo pa tsamba 133.

Mathero (Mphindi 2)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yotchula maliwu awa: /mv/, /dy/, /ms/, /sw/, /mk/, /mz/

MUTU 35 Phunziro 2

377

MUTU 35 Phunziro 2

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira awerenga maphatikizo.






Ntchito 35.2.2 Kuwerenga maphatikizo kuchokera m’buku (Mphindi 10)


Mathero (Mphindi 2)


MUTU 35 Phunziro 3

378

MUTU 35 Phunziro 3








Tichita sewero la bingo m’magulu athu. Uzani ophunzira kuti muwafunsa funso ndipo akambirana m’magulu kuti apeze yankho. Akapeza yankholo, anene kuti ‘Bingo!’ mokweza. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 134 Ntchito 4. Pezani mawu omwe ali ndi phatikizo la swe. Mukapeza mawuwo, nenani kuti Bingo mokweza. Pitirizani ndi maphatikizo ena monga nko ndi mvu.

Mathero (Mphindi 5)

Ophunzira atole khadi la mawu ndi kuwerenga. Mawu ndi awa: imvi, msale, sweka, dyera, mzika, ndi mvula

MUTU 35 Phunziro 4

379

MUTU 35 Phunziro 4


Zipangizo zophunzitsira, zophunzirira ndi zoyesera Buku la mphunzitsi, buku la ophunzira; tchati la mawu pa tsamba 134, Ntchito 4


Kutchula liwu loyamba m’mawu: imvi, mkono, dyera, mvula, sweka, mkeka, msale, msika





Mathero (Mphindi 3)


MUTU 35 Phunziro 5

380

MUTU 35 Phunziro 5

Zizindikiro zakakhozedwe Ophunzira: awerenga ziganizo awerenga mawu atsiriza ziganizo ndi mawu oyenera awerenga nkhani ayankha mafunso





Lembani ziganizo izi pa bolodi (pa tsamba 135 Ntchito 5): Msirikali wina wakhala pa mkeka. Iye akudya chakudya chopatsa mudyo. Pambali pake pali mbiya. Mu mbiyamo muli mkaka. Iye amwa mkakawo akamaliza kudya chakudya chake. Msirikaliyo aona mtambo wamvula. Iye anena, “Mvula igwa posachedwa.” Pothawa mvula aswa mbiya ija. Tsopano tiwerenga ziganizo. Ndiwerenga ziganizozi ndekha, kenaka tiwerenga limodzi, pomaliza muwerenga nokha.



Ntchito 35.5.3 Kutsiriza ziganizo ndi mawu oyenera (Mphindi 6)

Tsopano titsiriza ziganizo ndi mawu oyenera. Tsekulani mabuku anu pa tsamba 136 Ntchito 6. Uzani ophunzira kuti alembe m’makope mwawo. Uzani ophunzira kutsiriza ziganizo ndi mawu oyenera m’makope awo.

Mathero (Mphindi 3)

Imbani ndi ophunzira nyimbo ina iliyonse yogwirizana ndi phunziro.


381



Dzina la

Ophunzira

4 = W

akhoza kw

ambiri

3 = W

akhoza bw

ino 2 =

Wakhoza

pang’ono 1 =

Akufunika

kuthandizidwa

Mulingo

wakakhozedw

e

Ku

bw

ereza nd

i Ku

yesa Op

hu

nzira











awerenga nkhani yomwe muli mawu opangidwa kuchokera ku maliwu, malembo ndi maphatikizo omwe aphunzira kale




382

Matanthauzo a mawu atsopano

MUTU 1 chikho chiwiya chomwera khasu chipangizo cholimira poto chiwiya chophikira sefa chiwiya chosefera ufa MUTU 2 psopsona kukhudzana milomo kapena

tsaya posonyeza chisangalalo chachikulu kapena ika milomo pachinthu

pwepwete kuseka chikhakhali kapena munthu wa chuma chambiri

nanazi mtundu wa zipatso MUTU 3 chatsalira munthu wotsalira pa zinthu

kapena munthu wochita zobwerera m’mbuyo

mpikisano mchitidwe wolimbirana ndi cholinga chopeza wopambana kuposa ena

mphotho malipiro a ntchito yabwino mofulumira mwachangu kapena

mwamsangamsanga mono mtundu wa ukonde kapena

msampha wophera nsomba MUTU 4 mzime mwana womaliza kubadwa

m’banja lobooka lowonongeka kapena lomwe

lili ndi bowo zozuna zotsekemera kapena zokoma kama bedi logonapo mana osapatsa kapena osagawira

anzako kumana pezana ukani dzukani MUTU 5 oloka pita tsidya lina wala woneka bwino kapena

nyezimira nkhalango malo amene ali ndi mitengo

yambiri komanso nyama zamtchire

chilala kusowa chakudya chifukwa chosowa mvula

waulesi osakonda kugwira ntchito mwachangu, wogwira ntchito mwamphwayi

lumo lezala kapena mpeni loza sonyeza kapena onetsa

lola vomereza kapena gwirizana nazo

lamulo choyenera kutsatira pa malo lema topa kapena lefuka luni mtundu wa ndiwo za

masamba MUTU 7 kamdothi kuchokera ku dothi kapena

dongo kowa tapa nsembe chopereka kusonyeza

kuthokoza kwa Mulungu mwantche chidole choumbidwa ndi

dongo leka siya wauka kupsa kapena kufota chifukwa

cha dzuwa kapena moto nama nena bodza MUTU 8 gombeza bulangete kapena chofunda nyowa kuthiridwa madzi kapena

khuza madzikapena zina zamadzimadzi

nkhanza kuipa mtima kapena mchitidwe woipa

tuta kolola, tenga kapena nyamula dama nyada, kuzikonda kapena

kuziyamikira doda menya dula tema, cheka kapena siyanitsa MUTU 9 sema Panga kapena konza

kuchokera ku mtengo tema dula, cheka chonde nthaka yabwino, mau

osonyeza kudandaula zifuyo ziweto kapena nyama za pa

khomo MUTU 10langiza pereka uphungu namwino wothandiza anthu odwala

kuchipatala ndulu chiwalo cha nyama monga

munthu chokhala ndi poizoni kolola chotsa mbewu m’munda MUTU 12likodzo mtundu wa matenda a mu

chikhodzodzo lakalaka khumba kapena

funitsitsa

383

yanika ika pa dzuwa kuti chiume yoyola tonola kapena chotsa MUTU 13 ziweto zifuyo kapena nyama zokhala

pa nyumba leka siya zula chotsa duku mpango kapena nsalu

yomanga ku mutu mlenje munthu wosaka nyama za

m’tchire nkhwiru khumbo lakudya za nkhuli

zokhazokha sonyeza onetsa ndiza ndibwera azakhali achemwali a bambo ako gunda menya, kankha kapena menya MUTU 14 dwala osapeza bwino m’thupi buula fuula chifukwa cha ululu dwale tanthwe, malo a mwala kubuula kufuula kapena kulira

chifukwa cha ululu MUTU 15 wirira kuchuluka kwa udzu kapena

mitengo pata peza MUTU 17 malodza tsoka, zodabwitsa adachimina Adachisiya, adalapa vula chotsa chovala kapena

mphale mu mtsuko jowa dumpha MUTU 18 msodzi mlenje wopha nsomba ukonde masikito kapena msampha

wophera nsomba namzeze mtundu wa mbalame MUTU 19 kwera pita pamwamba mwano khalidwe la chipongwe

kapena loipa kutchire ku thengo kapena ku dondo anaterereka anatsetsereka anafulumira anachita changu, anayenda

mwamsanga MUTU 20 guga kusaoneka bwino kwa

chinthu kapena kutha kwa chonde m’nthaka

chonde nthaka yabwino, dandaulira manyowa zinthu zobwezeretsa chonde

m’nthaka

mbumba mtundu kapena bele la anthu apachibale

mweta dula, dzula mberere nkhosa MUTU 22fwafwaza wiritsa, futsa anabooka anatsekula m’mimba

kwambiri ladzaoneni lodabwitsa kapena lochititsa

kaso MUTU 23 chilango dipo kapena zotsatira

zophwanya lamulo lambula sesa, yeretsa msewu kunyalanyaza kusalabadira kapena kutailira MUTU 24 liwamba ulenje m’mbuna mu dzenje chikhakha bandeji yomangidwa pa

mwendo kapena pa mkono wovulala

MUTU 25 kamba chakudya cha paulendo, fulu kupota kumanga kapena kuluka wiringula kukana kapena kunyinyirika

pochita chinthu dzudzula langiza, kapena kuletsa

kuchita chinthu MUTU 27 pindula peza phindu thirira ika madzi ng’anima thwanima kapena wala ngati

mphezi ng’ung’udza wiringula dwazika yang’anira wodwala phula chotsa pa moto MUTU 28 mwanaalirenji pakhomo posasowa kanthu chiyanjano mgwirizano, mvano kapena

umodzi thedwa kusowa chochita chidwi tcheru kapena chita kaso psereza kupangitsa chinthu kuti

chipse mowonongeka pserera kupsa kwambiri pseda sesa psiti kutha kapena kutsirizika kwa

chinthu MUTU 29 dongo mtapo kapena dothi loumbira

zinthu londera yang’anira unkhutukumve kusamva

384

bzukula kusanza zakudya bzola pitiriza muyeso bzala ika mbewu m’munda kuti

zimere fwamba chita chiwembu fwifwa khala osaoneka bwino fwikofwiko chita matukutuku MUTU 30 wedza ipha nsomba ndi mbedza teteza samalira gwedeza kugunyuza kapena kuteketsa mluzu likhweru MUTU 32 mvunguti mtundu wa mtengo wokhala

ndi zipatso zazikuluzikulu ndi zazitali

mvuu nyama yooneka ngati ng’ombe yopezeka m’madzi

mvano mgwirizano folera ika udzu kapena malata pa

denga chidwi kaso utoto zopaka ngati penti mfuleni mtsinje waung’ono mphepete m’mbali imvi tsitsi loyera mudyo chikhumbokhumbomsale mtundu wa nzimbeMUTU 33 wakhama wolimbikira gometsa chititsa chidwi, kaso kapena

dabwitsa ukachenjede ukatswiri kapena maphunziro

apamwamba swana bereka kapena phwanyana swera berekera kapena phwanyira MUTU 34 bzala ika mbewu m’munda litsipa matenda ophwanya thupi nthaka dothi mkanda chovala m’khosi kapena

m’chiuno chokongoletsa thupi

mkeka chogonera chopangidwa ndi mlaza/chokhalira

mzinda tauni kapena malo otchuka mzati mtengo wotchingiriza denga

la nyumba

385

Mabuku

Malawi Institute of Education (2012). Chichewa buku la mphunzitsi la Sitandade 1. Domasi:

Malawi Institute of Education

Malawi Institute of Education (2012). Chichewa buku la ophunzira la Sitandade 1. Domasi: Malawi Institute of Education

Levy, E. (2007). Gradual release of responsibility: I do, we do, you do. Retrieved from http://www.sjboces.org/doc/Gifted/GradualReleaseResponsibilityJan08.pdf

Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology. (2014). Malawi National Reading Strategy 2014-2019.

Centre for Language Studies (2000). Mtanthauzira mawu wa Chinyanja. Blantyre: Dzuka Publishing Company

Malawi Teacher Professional Development Support (MTPDS) Programme 2013. Maziko a kuwerenga: teacher’s guide for Term 1. Lilongwe: USAID and Ministry of Education, Science and Technology

Malawi Teacher Professional Development Support (MTPDS) Programme 2013. Maziko a Kuwerenga: teacher’s guide for Term 2. Lilongwe: USAID and Ministry of Education, Science and Technology

Malawi Teacher Professional Development Support (MTPDS) Programme 2013. Maziko a Kuwerenga: teacher’s guide for Term 3. Lilongwe: USAID and Ministry of Education, Science and Technology

Moore, P & Lyon, A (2005). New essentials for teaching reading in pre-K-2: comprehension, vocabulary, fluency. Scholastic: New York.

Malawi Teacher Professional Development Support (MTPDS) Programme 2013. Nditha kuwerenga. Lilongwe: USAID and Ministry of Education, Science and Technology

Fountas & Pinell (2006). Fountas, I C., & Pinnell, G S (1996). Guided reading: good first teaching for all children. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) [US]. (2000). Report of the National Reading Panel. Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction: Reports of the subgroups (NIH Publication No. 00-4754). Washington, DC: NICHD. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/pubs/nrp/Pages/smallbook.aspx

Malawi Institute of Education (2004). Silabasi yophunzitsira kuwerenga, kulemba ndi chiyankhulo: Chichewa Sitandade 1. Domasi: Malawi Institute of Education

Malawi Institute of Education (1996). TDU students’ handbook 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Domasi: Malawi Institute of Education

386

Mawu opangidwa kuchokera pa mndandanda wa malembo

Malo Dzina

la lembo

Mawu opangidwa mu mndandanda wa malembo

1 a 2 n ana 3 i ina 4 m nama mana ima mina amama 5 u inu anu nanu una amuna 6 k aka kana ika kanu uka uku kani ukani akana amuka kumana akamuka akumana

7 o mano moni koka uko muno ano nona kako onani akuona uno koma aona mukuona umakoma kokaona kuno makono akaona

8 l

ali kuli uli m’malo lola nola lumo luma lima milu mulu kula lula makolo kulima kalulu kukula lalika lamulo kolola kudali lamakolo olumala limakoma lanu lina muli ili malo lino milimo koloko kuluma malamulo akunola akuluka kokoliko akamakula oluma akuluakulu

9 e ena ake mmene kale leka mame lake nena kake lema mema make alema kanema mmene ine eni imene limene amene ulemu amanena akunena limenelo limeneli kumeneko

10 w

iwo mawu wina wake iwe awa mawa wanu wawo wawa wala waka wena wana awona waona maluwa mowawa wanama mukuwona amenewa ikuwawa akawona likuwawa awamana wo awo nawo m’mawu wani muwone kuwawa wawala mukuwona woolumala ukawala waukulu wako anawo anawa kulowa mawuwo

11 t

kuti moto tuta mutu toto lata ati lota uta tula tola tuma atate utoto kalata tomato kumata nkumati malata ometa atuma ameta matimati akuweta akawatuma oti m’timu take makutu akuti kuweta tiana lalitali touluka kutukula lakutali timakumana oti amati tilimo atatu ataona wautali kutauni kutawuni itaona

12 d

odi ade lada doko doda uda ada dala dolo kuda adana kodola adona dokotala wadooka adotolo akudula kukadula amadana dowe adali lidali lodala lidala tidali adati adaona imadula adaona akadali adadana adaleka idakumana tadala kudali udali idali adakuwa adalowa

13 s

sita sesa saka sula sosa diso sema soka suta seka sukulu kusesa masiku kuseli kusaka wawasa waseka kusuta kusukulu akusesa wailesi kusitolo madesiki sanasese amamuseka maso luso m’kalasi masamu usiku masaka sesani kalasi kusamala mosamala momasuka m’kalasimo wasukulu wosamala saoneka aulesi litasasuka suti olusa kusowa satana silika sadaka wam’kalasi sankasesa olusawo wosaneneka

14 p

pali pita pena paka popa apa peka puma pima pota sopo pala pana kapena pakati kuposa kupaka pulula pepala pamene powopa napita palasa lapola mupita mapatani pamalopo mapepala amawopa akupalasa panu pano poto dipo pusi kupewa wopita kupita apita pamalo kuipa tipewe kupuma mapewa matupi kupesa poopa atopa watupa sipuni pasukulu kupatula adapita pooloka usapite alimapo adalipadali wosapesa tidapita amaposa adakalipa asanapite pawo pake padali

15 nd

ndipo ndine munda ndodo m’munda ndowa ndolo ndani ndime manda ndalama matenda alendo kumunda ndalema ndanena maudindo amakonda mundondomeko ndiwo ndili udindo ulendo mitundu popanda kondana timakonda mumakonda sekondale apindule maudindowa amakondana ndati nduna

16 ch

amachita chachitali chipatala chitolilo chisekese kuchipatala ichi chola chitani muchite chikondi kuchapa chimene kuchoka chochita lochita chidali chitukuko mumachita chamakolo kuchitika amachitika mukuchiona chita choncho chilundu chonena pochapa achape wachilendo

17 y iye mayi uyu ndiye taya yala iyi eya uyo yesa naye amayi chiyani kuyenda oyipa mayina chiwiya kuyala miyoyo yalula yoyola yowola yawada siyani kusiyana

387

Malo Dzina

la lembo


akuyenda yamuluma osiyanasiyana moyo yanu yawo nayo yani tiyi yenda mayeso kuipa koyipa kuyika siyana ayende pamoyo miyendo yaikulu amasiye yapepala adayesa sukuluyi adayenda ayisisita mosiyanasiyana malaya yakeyo iyeyo yochapa imeneyi kalatayi kalatayo yandikana adasiya yosamala adayamika

18 b

m’bale waba buku beni belu bowa bala m’busa aba baba m’bokosi abale ababa mulibe tebulo kabichi buledi wakuba bokosi bolodi alibe beleka abisala mabotolo abeleka anabooka ndikabisale m’buku kuba bota m’mabuku abusa mabuku palibe ubale chibalo idaba anaba botolo botalo m’baibulo padabuka udabooka udaboola sabata minibasi kudalibe padalibe achibale makabudula minibasiyo

19 z

zili zina izi zake zala zida zawo zedi zula zeze ndiza zaza zada zuna meza zimene zaluso zilipo ziwalo ziweto ziwiya zidole zikomo zokoma zipewa zolusa nanazi zitini wazima zopezeka timapeza opezeka ikuzuna zimachitika zikupondani sanawauze zanu nazo izo zoti zao zino pezani zitatu zinayi zonena akazi uzimu zoola zochita m’zaluso powaza yozuna zimenezi adapeza zosiyana zazikulu chopezeka malezala ndizoona kuzipewa lopezeka adachiza zimakonda azichita amayeza adazika sizikoma akuloza zikupezeka kulemekeza zomataamapezeka amatiuza mukuwonazi mumapezeka kumapepuza zimapezeka pamapezeka uzilandila sitizikonda tizioneka polumikiza mukuonazo zimakondana zaka zikopa zoweta zidali acheza ziwaya zisanu zosita zochapa zoona zipanda akucheza zakale zosachapa pazipupa adauza amuuze kukacheza zochuluka zoyandikana zamakonozi adamuuza

20 g

galu gulu guba gule guga gaga m’magulu agogo agula magule wagula ogode gogoda wagona kugula agoba galimoto akugawana akugogoda ndege gala magulu pogula magazi chigoli maganizo kogawana amagula kukagula adagula zimagona akukagula guta m’gulu agalu gundika ankaganiza adagundika

21 r

m’dera lero liri beru pera mera repu mira lira ziwiri woyera mizere liwiro maliro ndendera zenera kulira kuseri mapiri mazira wachira zizira tayira yoyera werama pirira walira yachiwiri kuchokera masewero zoyenera kusewera posewera kutolera zandendera wodelera agulira ndinatero amachira zosamalira zizindikiro akusewera kusamalira akupereka amachitira akugawira akulandira akugulira zosewerera zotetezera timalimira andigulira amaperekera amachitirana anakalandira ndakulandirani dera rute sewero oyera awiri zomera iwiri zotere siziri tiliri kolera m’mizere chilere zimera achire mawere amalirazochokera kosewera zopewera zoyimira zopezera masewera yochokera imalira ayenera zimalira kumadera loyenera zopereka musewero seweroli zobolera wosewera wasewera tisewere yopezera awiriwo polandira sayendera kuyendera akachira wabereka amasewera wolowelera zoperewera wosamalira amayenera asirikali mumalandira zimayenera kosamalira odalirika adagawira wodalirika polekerera osasewera kulandilira zotumizira kuwachitira mumayenera adauzira amapitira ankasewera asekerera akuchokera usirikali awiriawiri tizizindikira kosaganizira kuchitira samalira idatulukira motere weruka kudera malipiro samukira alandira biriwita kukasewera ukalandira yoperekera zimayendera amalipira amaweruka

22 f

fisi ufa sefa befu bafa ife pafupi ufulu chifundo mafuwa futali ndikufa mafupa chofewa afisi amafuna telefoni kufupika zofanana kufufuta feteleza atalefuka osefukira akufotokoza afuna kufala zofuna mufuna wofuna ifuna safuna kufunika zofunika ofunika ndikufuna kufanana kofunika akufuna yofiira wachifundo yofunika timafuna ofanana amafala samafuna idafuna sakufuna ndikofunika zofotokoza pakufunika fotokoza fanana imafalira pamafunika ndizofunika ndiyofunika ndikofunikira amafanana amafalikira imafanana fuya zifuyo zifewe fufuta atafika tidafika samafika adafuna padafika adafuya adafika samakafika adafotokoza amazifufuta kufotokozera pafupipafupi

23 h habu hede hema oho aha mahewu honara hamala 24 j uja ija aja uje jeda chija jasi juzi anajowa

388

Malo Dzina

la lembo


25 v

vina vava vala dovu vuta vula vota veka velo zovala kuvina mavuto wavala avina ovulala akuveka amavina zovuta pamavuto yamavuto ovololo akavutika yovala kuvala zauve pauve amavala ankavala adavala atavala amavalira zovundikira azivundikira

26 dz

madzi dzira dzulo dzana udzu bodza mudzi limodzi pamodzi madzulo chimodzi wabodza ladzaoneni edzi dziko m’mudzi m’modzi ludzu kudzera imodzi zamadzi kumudzi udzudzu zisudzo dziwika amadziwa ndidzachita ndadzicheka kudzapita mukudziwa zodziwika sikudziwa adzagaya adzafulule wosadziderera dzuwa kudziwa umodzi ndidziwe zam’madzi makedzana zawalodza kudzaona litadziwika

27 mw

zomwe chomwe momwe mwana omwe lomwe yemwe mwendo mwake komwe mwamuna akumwa pomwe yomwe mwanu mwezi mwawo womwe mwala mwapeza mwaona yemweyo pamwala kamwazi ikumwa pomwepo mwadzidzidzi mwalipeza mwachidule azikamwa mwaleka kumwa chomwecho chinamwali mwayiwala mwataya adamwalira

28 kw

kwada kwawa kwera kwina chifukwa ukwati akwiya wakwera kwekwesa akukwera ukwatiwo kwanu kwawo kwake kwiya zifukwa tokwawa mokweza chifukwa sakwiya tidalakwa akukwawa amakwawa lakwirana akalakwa lidakwera adakwiya litakwana

29 ts

tsiku tseka tsono tsira zipatso tsopano kupatsa patsaya mopatsa atsuka chitseko tsekula kuchotsera zotsatira motsatira kuonetsa akutsuka zitsekero kuchiritsa adaliyatsa patsa pulumutsa anaonetsa dalitsira tsitsi tsuka kutsuka wotsata atsikana machiritso kufalitsa patsogolo woyendetsa kosatsata kugulitsa potipatsa adapatsa adatsika mwaonetsa ndikapatsa yachitsulo amaletsa dalitsani kugoletsa tiyesetse zochititsa kowonetsa lowonetsa zotsatirazi tsogola kwaniritsa otsatirawo patsana dalitsa akatipatsa chotsata tsatira siyanitsa yotsatirayi zimatipatsa amaonetsera adaonetsa anaonetsa itanitsa topetsa zotsala otsekula wotopetsa yamagetsi chiritsa kumuchotsa soketsa adawonetsa atsikanawa yapatsogolo modzidzimutsa yendetsa usadutsepo falitsa adamupatsa gulitsa sautsa patsa

30 th

lathu dothi thupi zathu chathu akwathu ntathawa zathawa itha thetsa athawa wathawa chithandizo kuthandiza kuthokoza ithawira athandiza wothandiza anathawa kukathira amathawa therere akuthandiza wathu mwathu yathu athu pathu theka nthawi thira thawa kuthetsa thandizo thokoza thothola wathu lothokoza yothokoza zothokoza chithandizo adathawa pathandizo zidathawa idathawa tidathira thokoza thandiza anathandiza azithokoza imathandiza chothokoza thandizana thawira tithothole thandizana athandiza adathokoza ndithu atha zimatha chathachi

31 nz mzati chinzake anzake asenza kusenza nzama nzeru konza anzanu zithunzi chithunzi zitsanzo anzathu mwakonza zinziri wanzeru chithunzichi adakonza amakonza inzake kukonzeka konzekera

32 mb

bambo nzimbe mbuzi mbewa mbewu mbale mimba mbali yoyamba nambala kulemba zambiri abambo kwambiri ambiri masamba zilembo kuwomba mbalame tambala mbatata yayamba mbewayo mozemba wambiri kudambo mbendera kujambula manambala zoyimbira zojambula pojambula olimbitsa osasamba akukumba jambula sambitsa kumbukira tambasula tsamba mbali thumba mbiya jombo chiyambi zimbudzi kuimba m’malembo zokumba kumwamba yokamba kuomba mberere mwaumba malemba woyamba zigamba zokamba loyamba kaamba olimba kudimba chiwamba kumbuyo chipembedzo zipembedzo pamwambachi kudayamba pamwambazi okalamba mwajambula mwaumbazo molimbika amaimba mbererere kambiranani kukambirana azipembedzo kulimbikitsa zimayambitsa chipembedzo mukambirane chojomba mwajambulacho ikalimbikire akambirana jomba womba ndayamba kusamba bambo kumbali chisamba adayamba ankajomba litayamba ambulasi idawomba azisamba woombeza kulambula adalemba

389

Malo Dzina

la lembo


wachisamba ankajombera amajomba upambane ulimbikire kamba asanayambe amalembapo

33 kh

khasu khoma okha khomo khala khanda khola khota bakha khudza khonde khetsa khakhi khutu khuta zokhudza pakhomo wakhala zikhale kukhoma bakhayo akhale akukhoma khulupirira khosi khama yekha kukhala tikhale wokhala akhala yokhudza zokhala kholalo zokhudza yakhumi khalitsa likhala amakhala zikhadabo aukhondo zikakhala pamakhala kudzakhala mukakhala akakhala yokhalitsa tikakhoze mudzakhale kudzakhoza wakhoza timakhala yakhakhi pakhonde zakhali zikhuthe azakhali ndidzakhoze zimakhala adakhala

34 ng

ngozi ngati nguli wanga zanga dengu ngoma change nzanga uthenga kusunga chimanga mitengo kutunga mawungu ingoma lipenga kuwerenga zipangizo zopangira kuthamanga amuzenga timitengo kutengera akumanga mungaikemo sangalatsa mawerengero thamanga chingelengele monga ngolo kupanga malungo zolinga popanga zingati anzanga mungathe angathe wotenga tingathe ndingathe singano chilango malungo kuthengo mwangozi mauthenga adalenga amipingo angafune atatenga kusatenga wotengapo kutengako angachite mungagule amasunga ndingachite sangalala zamitengo awononge yoongoka mungapewere wosangalala tingagulire angapatsane adazilenga mabulangete tenga kusatengako mungagulire mungathetse kawerenge chingachitike mungakhalire zungulira mungakonde mungapezeko tingapeze zokongola nguwo anga zopanga azungu ngoziyo mikango zolangiza adangoti amapanga pamitengo angafuna kuononga ngundangunda malangizo ononga watenga werenga langiza

35 ns

nsomba nsima nsalu pansi nsembe nsapato nsembeyo kunonso iliyonse lililonse anafunsa adzifunsa zonse tonse nonse chonse m’nsonga nsawa insa m’munsimu komanso m’munsizi mafunso m’munsichi zonsezi ndiponso mulinso nsawazo uliwonse chilichonse aliyense kudzeranso uzanso onse nsanamira nawafunsa kudzafunsa idatinso funsanso adaonanso muuzenso

36 mp mpaka mpira mpando mpata mpani mpini pampando mpeni mpirawo mpanda mpunga adampatsa

37 nj

m’banja banja manja m’manja njoka njovu njinga njati njuchi yanji pabanja kudzenje mitsinje manganje apabanja njira njala mmanja m’mabanja njokayo mabanja munjira lalanje kuyanjana kugonjetsa idagonja gonjetsa thonje wochenjeza ndichenjeze adachenjeza ankasamba m’manja

38 ny

nyama nyimbo nyumba nyemba nyanja nyani nyula kunyumba wanyowa nyerere osonyeza kunyadira kunyamulayonyamula kumenyana ananyadira khunyu nyuzi nyimboyi tinyama losonyeza anyamata zosonyeza asonyeza akunyumba kumenyana kosonyeza zinyalala zimasonyeza andimenya nyesi nyanda nyakula nyamazi anyakula wonyamuka mwininyumba nyamuka nyamula

39 bw

bwino bwato bwana bwalo bwera bwenzi abwino zabwino labwino pabwalo abwera matabwa wabwera imabwera akabwera bwanji ubwino sibwino wabwino chabwino yabwino yobwereza abwinowa mukubwera adabwera kubwerekana bweretsa dabwa thobwa ubwenzi adadabwa atabwera kudabwera amabwera adabwerera bwerera sanabwere abwerako bweretsa

40 mt mtedza mtengo mtondo mumtima mtima mtundu mtera mtambo mtendere kumtima mumtengo pamtendere mumtengomo amtengo zamtundu

41 ph phunzira ophunzira phunziroli muphunzira aphunzitsi ziphunzitso maphunziro kuphunzira mwaphunzira amaphika aphunzira zolephera aphunzira alephera ndalephera phunzitsa

42 m’ ng’oma m’banja m’dera mmene m’manja m’bale m’mimba m’malo m’mbali m’busa m’munda m’bokosi m’magulu m’njira m’mawu m’mudzi m’buku m’timu m’modzi m’munsimu m’zithunzi m’mabuku m’kalasi m’madera m’malembo m’munsizi

390

Malo Dzina

la lembo


m’mabanja m’munsichi m’zithuzi m’malemba m’matupi m’zisudzo m’zaluso m’kuvina m’malere m’mizere m’baibulo m’zithunzizi m’kalasimo m’mawa n’kuti m’gulu n’kupanga zam’madzi m’zikhuthe wam’kalasi m’taunimo m’manja

43 dw

dwala chidwi chedwa odwala kubadwa wodwala wadwala kuphedwa wachedwa zolengedwa chikhalidwe olengedwa kasungidwe khalidwe makhalidwe chilengedwe khumudwa mwapatsidwa mupatsidwa mumachedwa mavinidwe mayimbidwe amadwala posachedwa chibadwidwe patsidwa khumudwa falitsidwa dwale adadwala yolembedwa ankadwala

44 ps chapsa psopsona yapsa kupsa yoopsa zoopsa zakupsa psereza zopserera adapsereza choopsacho

45 bz kubzala kukabzala adabzala 46 fw yofwafwaza

47 gw

gwape gwada gwira kugwira wagwira agwada anagwa saagwa pogwiritsa zogwiritsa akugwira limagwira anagwira ikangogwa amugwire gwedeza ogwa kugwa igwa ungagwe adagwa ikagwa amagwira kugwedeza angagwire kugwiritsa mogwedeza azigwirira akayigwira akaigwira gwiritsa gwiritsira kugwidwa amagwira gwirizana

48 ml mlongo mlandu mlamba mlendo mlimi mluzu mlomo mlendoyo mlonda mleme mlaza mliri

49 mv mvula mvuu mvekero mvunguti anamva imvi mwamva timamva kumvera idamva kusamvera emvulopu kumvetsetsa mvetsera mvuwu kudamveka adamvera

50 ms msewu msale msika msodzi msomba msima kumsika pamsewu m’seweroli msomali pamsika kumsewu zapamsewu msambi msana yapamsewu

51 sw ndaswa swera iswa swiswiri adaswa swiswiriyo adaswera zidaswana 52 mk mkaka mkeka mkazi mkango mkono wam’kalasi mkuyu wamkulu 53 mz mzake mzimayi mzanga mzithunzi mzingo 54 nk konkuno ankagwira ankangoti banki m’banki ankamva ankasanza ankadwala

Documents

Std 1 Chichewa TG Final PRC 06-01-17 KH 1... · N’zosatinso munthu achitire malonda n’pang’ono pomwe. Komabe ngati munthu akufuna kugwira ntchiti ya za maphunziro ndi bukuli,