T T yyyy pppp eeee ssss o o o o ffff s s cccc rrrr eeee wwww f f f f aaaa ssss tttt eeee nnnn eeee rrrr ssss 螺螺纹纹纹纹紧紧紧紧固固固固件件件件的的的的

Types of screw fastenersTypes of screw fasteners 螺纹紧固件的种类 Symbols of screw fastenersSymbols of screw fasteners

螺纹紧固件的标记 Drawing methods of assemblies of screw fastenersDrawing methods of assemblies of screw fasteners

螺纹紧固件的装配画法 ExercisesExercises

练习题

Screw FastenersScrew Fasteners螺螺纹纹紧紧固固件件

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Slotted cone pointed set screw. Hex nut. Slotted nut . Bright washer. Spring washer. Tab washer 锥端紧定螺钉六角螺母六角槽形螺母平垫圈弹簧垫圈外舌止动垫圈锥端紧定螺钉六角螺母六角槽形螺母平垫圈弹簧垫圈外舌止动垫圈

Hexagon head bolt. Stud. Slotted cheese head screw. Slotted pan head screw. Slotted countersunk screw. Hexagon socket cap

六角头螺钉双头螺柱头圆柱头螺钉盘头螺钉沉头螺钉圆柱头内六角螺钉六角头螺钉双头螺柱头圆柱头螺钉盘头螺钉沉头螺钉圆柱头内六角螺钉

Types of screw fasteners Types of screw fasteners 螺纹紧固件的种类螺纹紧固件的种类 Parts with threads used for joining and fastening are called screw Parts with threads used for joining and fastening are called screw fasteners. The most widely used components as screw fasteners are fasteners. The most widely used components as screw fasteners are bolts, double screw bolts, screws, nuts, washersbolts, double screw bolts, screws, nuts, washers 用螺纹联接并起紧固作用的零件称为螺纹紧固件。常用用螺纹联接并起紧固作用的零件称为螺纹紧固件。常用的螺纹紧固件有的螺纹紧固件有螺栓、、双头螺柱、、螺钉、、螺母、、垫圈等。等。

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Symbols of screw fasteners Symbols of screw fasteners 螺纹紧固件的标记螺纹紧固件的标记

(( 表示：拧入端为粗牙普通螺纹表示：拧入端为粗牙普通螺纹 ,, 露出端为螺距露出端为螺距 PP=1mm=1mm 的细牙普通螺纹的细牙普通螺纹 ,,dd==1010mm, mm, ll==5050mm,mm,bbmm==1d1d,, 按按 AA 型制造的双型制造的双

头螺柱头螺柱 ))

指与其相配的螺纹件的大径指与其相配的螺纹件的大径而不是该垫圈本身的尺寸值而不是该垫圈本身的尺寸值

OmitOmit可省略标注可省略标注


(( 表示表示 : : 螺纹规格螺纹规格 M6M6 ，，公称长度公称长度 ll=30mm=30mm 的的 AA 级六角头级六角头螺栓螺栓 ))

(( 表示表示 :: 两端均为粗牙普通螺纹两端均为粗牙普通螺纹 ,,dd=8mm, =8mm, ll=30mm,=30mm, 按按 BB型制造型制造 ))

(( 表示表示 : : 螺纹规格螺纹规格 M5M5, , ll==4545mmmm 的开槽圆柱头螺的开槽圆柱头螺钉钉 ))(( 表示表示 : : 螺纹规格螺纹规格 D=M8D=M8 的的 AA 级级 11 型六角螺型六角螺母母 ))(( 表示表示 :: 用于螺纹规格用于螺纹规格 M6M6 的平垫圈，性能等级为的平垫圈，性能等级为140140HVHV))

6.Washer Washer 垫圈垫圈 GB/ T97.1 6 140HV

1.1.Bolt Bolt 螺栓螺栓 GB/ T5782 GB/ T5782 M6×30M6×30

22..Stud Stud 螺柱螺柱 GB/T897 GB/T897 M8×30M8×30

33..Stud Stud 螺柱螺柱 GB/ T897 GB/ T897 AM10-M10×1×50AM10-M10×1×50

44..Screw Screw 螺钉螺钉 GB/ T65 GB/ T65 M5×45M5×45

55. . Nut Nut 螺母螺母 GB/ T6170 86 GB/ T6170 86 M8M8

Name Standard Name Standard numbernumber

名称国标号名称国标号

Style Specification, Other requirementsStyle Specification, Other requirements precisionprecision of the appearance of the appearance and the dimensionand the dimension型式规格、精度其他尺寸要求型式规格、精度其他尺寸要求

SurfaceSurfacetreatmenttreatment

表面表面处理处理

Degree of Degree of capability; capability; material and material and heat treatmentheat treatment性能等级性能等级 .. 材材料及热处理料及热处理

Bolt Bolt StudStud ScrewScrew Nut Nut WasherWasher

Number of Number of National National

StandardStandard GBGB 编号编号及年代及年代

Type symbol Type symbol Nominal diameter Nominal diameter ××PitchPitch × × l 特征代号特征代号 · · 公称直径公称直径 ×× 螺距螺距 ×× 公称长度公称长度 ll （（ M M 、、 S S 、、 TTrr 、、 BB ）） (( 粗牙省细牙注粗牙省细牙注 ))

(3)The simplified representation.The simplified representation. 按比例关系简化画出。按比例关系简化画出。

(2)Stud JointStud Joint 　　双头螺柱联接

Drawing methods of assemblies of screw Drawing methods of assemblies of screw fastenersfasteners 　　　　　　　　螺纹紧固件的装配画法螺纹紧固件的装配画法1.1. Frequent joining methodsFrequent joining methods 　常见联接型式 (1)Bolt JointBolt Joint 　　螺栓联接

(3)Screw JointScrew Joint 螺钉联接

Representation 常见画法

(1)The trim sizeThe trim size representation.representation. 按实际尺寸和形状画出；按实际尺寸和形状画出；

(2)The proportionalThe proportional representation.representation. 按比例关系完整画出；按比例关系完整画出；

Drawing methodDrawing method 　　画图方法

Drawing methodDrawing method 　　画图方法

Drawing methodDrawing method 　画图方法

Drawing method of hexagon nut Drawing method of hexagon nut 六角螺母画法

1.Choosing d1.Choosing dhh 确定孔径确定孔径 ddhh ::

aa =(0.3 =(0.3 ～～ 0.5)d0.5)d螺栓露出端的长度螺栓露出端的长度


Example : Draw an assembly using a M10 bolt, Component thickness is t1=10mm,t2=15mm, and clearance adjustment in medium.

用螺纹规格为用螺纹规格为 M 10M 10 的螺纹紧固件将厚度为的螺纹紧固件将厚度为 tt11=10=10mmmm, , tt22=15=15mmmm

的二零件连接的二零件连接 , , 以中等装配精度画其螺纹联接装配图。以中等装配精度画其螺纹联接装配图。

ll =ˊ=ˊ δδ11+δ+δ22+ 0.15d(+ 0.15d(hh 垫圈厚垫圈厚 )+ )+ 0.8d0.8d((mm 螺母厚螺母厚 )+ )+ aa

2.Choosing nut2.Choosing nut 确定螺母确定螺母 :: e=e=∵∵ DD<16<16 Choice (GB/T 6170 ∴ Choice (GB/T 6170 ∴ M10M10 ) s=) s= mm==

3.Choosing washer 3.Choosing washer 确定垫圈确定垫圈 :: dd11==Choice (GB/T 197.1 10Choice (GB/T 197.1 10 ) ) d=10d=10 dd2 2 == hh==

4.Choosing4.Choosing bolt bolt 确定螺栓确定螺栓 :: s=s=Choice ( GB/T 5782 Choice ( GB/T 5782 M10M10×× ll ? ? )) k=k=

5.Choosing5.Choosing bolt bolt 确定螺栓有效长度确定螺栓有效长度 ll::

==10+15+2+8.4+(0.310+15+2+8.4+(0.3 ～～ 0.5)100.5)10 = = 38.438.4 ～～ 40.440.4Choice l by GB/T 5782 根据国标所给数值选择根据国标所给数值选择 ll

6.Draw the three views of a set bolt assembly. 6.Draw the three views of a set bolt assembly. 画螺栓联接装配图。。

16

6.4

10.5

20

2

11

17.77 16

8.4

Choice by GB/T 5277 or or ddhh=1.1d ==1.1d =

4040

ExercisesExercises 练习题练习题

1 2 3 4

5

NUT AND BOLTNUT AND BOLTASSEMBLYASSEMBLY

ID NAME GRADE

5 Bolt M20xL 15 Bolt M20xL 1

4 Washer 1 4 Washer 1

3 Part 1 13 Part 1 1

2 Part 2 12 Part 2 1

1 Nut M20 1 1 Nut M20 1

NNOO Name Spec Name Spec

Ful lsection

Draw an assembly using a M20 bolt, Component thickness is

t1=12mm, t2=15mm, and clearance adjustment in medium. (Scale 1:1) 用螺纹规格为 M 20 的螺纹紧固件将厚度为 t1=10mm,t2=15mm的两零件联接 , 以中等装配精度画其螺纹联接装配图。 ( 比例 1:1)

本小节结束

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PointsPoints 画图要点 :⑴ The contact surface of two parts is represented as a line. 两零件接触面画一条线。两零件接触面画一条线。

⑵⑵ When two joint parts are cut the directions of their section lines shall be reversed.相邻件剖面线方向应相反相邻件剖面线方向应相反。。

⑶ When a section face cuts the fastening parts these are not drawn according to section drawings, but still following their outlines. 沿轴线剖切时沿轴线剖切时 ,, 螺纹紧螺纹紧固件均按不剖画。固件均按不剖画。

⑷ The nut and bolt head can be simply drawn as outlines.螺母及螺栓头部简化画出。螺母及螺栓头部简化画出。

Bolt Joints 螺栓联接的画法螺栓联接的画法

两零件两零件接触不接触不应画两应画两条线。条线。

Clearance hole Clearance hole omit line omit line

间隙孔中易漏线间隙孔中易漏线

两零件剖面线两零件剖面线应相反应相反


(1)(1) The thread end line is The thread end line is leveled with its end face.leveled with its end face. 螺纹终止线应与机件的螺孔螺纹终止线应与机件的螺孔端面平齐端面平齐。。 (( 不可高或底于端面不可高或底于端面 ))

PointsPoints 画图要点画图要点 ::

60°

((3)3) If the notch width of the If the notch width of the warsher is too small, a thick warsher is too small, a thick black line is adoptedblack line is adopted with an with an inclination angle of inclination angle of 6060°.°. 弹簧垫圈的开口处可简化画弹簧垫圈的开口处可简化画成成 60°60° 涂黑的斜线。涂黑的斜线。

Stud Joints 双头螺柱联接的画法双头螺柱联接的画法


Metal end旋入端

Nut end露出端

(2)(2) The depth of the drilled The depth of the drilled hole can be simply plotted hole can be simply plotted according to the thread’s according to the thread’s depth.depth. 在装配图中在装配图中 ,, 钻孔深度可按钻孔深度可按螺纹深度简化画出螺纹深度简化画出。。 120120°°drill pointdrill point

孔底画孔底画 120120°°bm=1d (Steel 钢 )bm=1.25d or 1.5d (Cast iron 铸铁 )bm=2d (Aluminum 铝 )

Points Points 画图要点画图要点 ::

（（ 11 ）） The notch of the screw The notch of the screw head must be shown in the front head must be shown in the front view It must be drawn with an view It must be drawn with an inclination angle of 45inclination angle of 45°° 螺钉头部的一字槽主视图投螺钉头部的一字槽主视图投影应看到槽口影应看到槽口 ,, 俯视图规定画成俯视图规定画成倾斜倾斜 45°45° 方向。方向。

((3)3) Making the thread end line Making the thread end line longer than that of the end face longer than that of the end face of the thread hole.of the thread hole. 使螺纹终止线伸出螺孔端面。使螺纹终止线伸出螺孔端面。

((2)2) If the notch width of the If the notch width of the screw head is too small, a thick screw head is too small, a thick black line is adopted.black line is adopted. 螺钉头部的槽宽过小时，螺钉头部的槽宽过小时，可采用涂黑的画法；可采用涂黑的画法；

Screw Joints 螺钉联接的画法螺钉联接的画法

请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容请点击鼠标左键显示后面内容俯视图槽口应俯视图槽口应画成倾斜画成倾斜 45°45°

Bolt 螺栓螺栓

在图片上点击鼠标左键可以“暂停”或再次“播放”在图片上点击鼠标左键可以“暂停”或再次“播放”

The bolt assembly is used when joint parts are not too thick to drill through holes. 螺栓螺栓用于联接二通孔薄件。用于联接二通孔薄件。

Stud 双头螺柱双头螺柱

Stud are used in situations where a part with a through hole and a part with blind tapped hole.

双头螺柱双头螺柱用于联接一通孔薄件和一盲孔厚件。用于联接一通孔薄件和一盲孔厚件。在图片上点击鼠标左键可以“暂停”或再次“播放”在图片上点击鼠标左键可以“暂停”或再次“播放”

Screw 螺钉螺钉

Screws are mostly used for the cases with small bearing forces. such as inspection covers which have to be removed frequently.

螺钉螺钉多用于用于受力不大需要经常拆卸的情况。多用于用于受力不大需要经常拆卸的情况。在图片上点击鼠标左键可以“暂停”或再次“播放”在图片上点击鼠标左键可以“暂停”或再次“播放”

NutNut 螺母螺母

Nut are used to match the other screw fasteners. 螺母螺母与其他螺纹件配合使用。与其他螺纹件配合使用。


Washer Washer 垫圈垫圈

弹簧垫圈平垫圈弹簧垫圈平垫圈Washer are used to match the other screw fasteners. 垫圈垫圈与其他螺纹件配合使用。与其他螺纹件配合使用。


Assemble views of fastenersAssemble views of fasteners 螺栓联接装配图螺栓联接装配图

UsingUsing looking-up looking-up table methodtable method

按实际尺寸和形状画出按实际尺寸和形状画出

Using the proportionalUsing the proportional drawing methoddrawing method

按比例关系完整画出按比例关系完整画出

Simple descriptionsSimple descriptions 按比例关系简化画出按比例关系简化画出

Assemble views of fastenersAssemble views of fasteners 双头螺柱联接装配图双头螺柱联接装配图

UsingUsing looking-up looking-up table methodtable method

按实际尺寸和形状画出按实际尺寸和形状画出

Using the proportionalUsing the proportional drawing methoddrawing method

按比例关系完整画出按比例关系完整画出

Simple descriptionsSimple descriptions按比例关系简化画出按比例关系简化画出

Assemble views of fastenersAssemble views of fasteners 螺钉联接装配图螺钉联接装配图

Using the proportional drawing methodUsing the proportional drawing method 按比例关系完整画出按比例关系完整画出

Simple Simple descriptionsdescriptions按比例关系按比例关系

简化画出简化画出

UsingUsing looking-up looking-up table methodtable method按实际尺寸按实际尺寸和形状画出和形状画出

Assemble views of the set screwAssemble views of the set screw 紧定螺钉联接装配图紧定螺钉联接装配图

Assemble views of the set screw Assemble views of the set screw 紧定螺钉联接装配图紧定螺钉联接装配图

Before Before assemblyassembly 装配前各零件装配前各零件

The set screwThe set screw紧定螺钉紧定螺钉

紧定螺钉起防紧定螺钉起防止防止齿轮沿止防止齿轮沿轴向窜动的定轴向窜动的定位作用位作用

Assemble views of lock washers Assemble views of lock washers 止动垫圈联接装配图止动垫圈联接装配图

Lock washersLock washers 外舌止动垫圈

Assemble views of lock washersAssemble views of lock washers 止动垫圈联接装配图止动垫圈联接装配图

Lock washersLock washers 圆螺母止动垫圈装配前各零件止动垫止动垫

圈起防圈起防止圆螺止圆螺母松脱母松脱的定位的定位作用作用

螺纹规格 M4 M5 M6 M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M24 M30 M36

通精装配 4.3 5.3 6.4 8.4 10.5 13 17 21 25 31 37

孔中等装配 4.5 5.5 6.6 9 11 13.5 17.5 22 26 33 39

dh 粗装配 4.8 5.8 7 10 12 14.5 18.5 24 28 35 42

dh

Holes of stud and screw 螺栓和螺钉通孔螺栓和螺钉通孔 ((GB/T 5277-1985)GB/T 5277-1985)


Thread specification

In close

In medium

Free fit

Thro

ugh

hole

s

02 0303

60°

P

R RR

0

01P’ P’

R

R

R

P’’P’’

60°

Hexagon nutHexagon nut 六角螺母的画法六角螺母的画法

4. 以倒角圆半径 R 过上表面中心画圆弧 ,求与中心线的交点 01

后再画圆弧 ,求与中心线的交点P 和二圆弧的二个交点 P’ 。

5. 分别以 P 和 P’为圆心 , 以圆心至上表面距离为半径画圆弧 ,既为倒角圆弧。

6. 重复上述方法画下表面圆弧并在二边画出 30° 斜线的倒角。

7. 画侧视图上下表面 ,使其宽等于对边距 (倒角圆直径 ), 分别以上表面中心和二边为圆心以倒角圆半径画圆弧 ,求出三圆弧的二交点 P’’。

8. 再以 P’’ 为圆心 .P’’ 至上表面的距离为半径画倒角圆的圆弧既可 , 再按此法画另一面的圆弧。注意：侧视图二边是直角。

0.8D

AF=1.5D=24×1.5=36D

AF=1.5D

Steps 画图步骤画图步骤： 1. 以 1.5D 为直径画倒角圆 ,再用 60° 直尺画其外接六边形。

2. 画螺纹大径 24和小径 20.75的圆形 ( 大径用细线画 3/4 圈 )。3. 将六角形向主视图投影求出各棱线位置 ,以 0.8D 确定其厚度为 19.2, 画出其上、下表面。

Nut M24

请请点点击击鼠鼠标标左左键键显显示示后后面面内内容容

在图片上点击鼠标左键在图片上点击鼠标左键可以“暂停”或再次“播放”可以“暂停”或再次“播放”

Nut and bolt assemblyNut and bolt assembly 螺母与螺栓联接装配图螺母与螺栓联接装配图





Bolt Joints 螺栓联接的画法螺栓联接的画法

Stud Joints 双头螺柱联接的画法双头螺柱联接的画法

Screw Joints 螺钉联接的画法螺钉联接的画法

Documents

T T yyyy pppp eeee ssss o o o o ffff s s cccc rrrr eeee wwww f f f f aaaa ssss tttt eeee nnnn eeee rrrr ssss 螺 螺 纹纹纹纹 紧紧紧紧 固固固固 件件件件 的的的的

T T yyyy pppp eeee ssss o o o o ffff s s cccc rrrr eeee wwww f f f f aaaa ssss tttt eeee nnnn eeee rrrr ssss 螺螺纹纹纹纹紧紧紧紧固固固固件件件件的的的的