Hng dn nh gi sn phm phn mm

TCVN xxx : 2013

T I U C H U N Q U C G I A

TCVN xxx:2013K THUT H THNG V PHN MM CC QU TRNH VNG I PHN MM Systems and software engineering - Software life cycle processes

H NI 2013

Mc lc91 Phm vi p dng

92 Ti liu vin dn

113 Thut ng v nh ngha

204 S ph hp

204.1 S dng d kin

204.2 S ph hp hon ton

204.3 S ph hp co sa i

215 p dng tiu chun cc qu trnh vng i phn mm

215.1 Cc khi nim chnh ca tiu chun

215.1.1 Mi quan h ca sn phm phn mm v dch v phn mm

215.1.2 Mi lin h gia h thng v phn mm

225.1.3 T chc v bn tham gia

235.1.4 S tha nhn mc t chc v mc d n

245.1.5 S sa i

245.1.6 Mi quan h thi gian gia cc qu trnh

245.1.7 nh gi, xc minh v xc nhn

245.1.8 Tiu chi cho qu trnh

255.1.9 M t qu trnh

255.1.10 c tnh chung ca qu trnh

255.1.11 S phn chia ca qu trnh

265.1.12 Cc m hnh v giai on vng i

275.2 Cu truc tiu chun

275.2.1 Phn loai qu trnh vng i

295.2.2 Bn tm tt cc qu trnh vng i

335.2.3 M hnh tham chiu qu trnh

336 Cc qu trnh vng i h thng

336.1 Qu trnh tha thun

336.1.1 Qu trnh mua sn phm

386.1.2 Qu trnh cung cp

426.2 Cc qu trnh h tr d n ca t chc

426.2.1 Qu trnh qun l m hnh vng i

446.2.2 Qu trnh qun l c s h tng

456.2.3 Qu trnh qun l danh mc d n

466.2.4 Qu trnh qun l ngun nhn lc

496.2.5 Qu trnh qun l cht lng

506.3 Qu trnh d n

506.3.1 Qu trnh lp k hoch d n

526.3.2 Qu trnh kim sot v nh gi d n

536.3.3 Qu trnh qun l quyt nh

546.3.4 Qu trnh qun l ri ro

576.3.5 Qu trnh qun l cu hnh

596.3.6 Qu trnh qun l thng tin

616.3.7 Qu trnh o

626.4 Cc qu trnh k thut

626.4.1 Qu trnh nh ngha cc yu cu ca bn lin quan

656.4.2 Qu trnh phn tch cc yu cu h thng

676.4.3 Qu trnh thit k kin trc h thng

686.4.4 Qu trnh trin khai

696.4.5 Qu trnh tch hp h thng

706.4.6 Qu trnh kim tra cht lng h thng

716.4.7 Qu trnh ci t phn mm

726.4.8 Qu trnh h tr tip nhn phn mm

746.4.9 Qu trnh vn hnh phn mm

766.4.10 Qu trnh bo tr phn mm

796.4.11 Qu trnh hy b phn mm

817 Cc qu trnh phn mm c th

817.1 Cc qu trnh trin khai phn mm

817.1.1 Qu trnh trin khai phn mm

837.1.2 Qu trnh phn tch cc yu cu phn mm

857.1.3 Qu trnh thit k kin trc phn mm

867.1.4 Qu trnh thit k chi tit phn mm

877.1.5 Qu trnh xy dng phn mm

897.1.6 Qu trnh tch hp phn mm

907.1.7 Qu trnh kim tra cht lng phn mm

927.2 Cc qu trnh h tr phn mm

927.2.1 Qu trnh qun l ti liu hng dn phn mm

937.2.2 Qu trnh qun l cu hnh phn mm

957.2.3 Qu trnh m bo cht lng phn mm

987.2.4 Qu trnh xc minh phn mm

1007.2.5 Qu trnh xc nhn phn mm

1027.2.6 Qu trnh sot xt phn mm

1047.2.7 Qu trnh kim tra phn mm

1057.2.8 Qu trnh gii quyt vn phn mm

1077.3 Cc qu trnh ti s dng phn mm

1077.3.1 Qu trnh k thut min

1097.3.2 Qu trnh qun l ti sn ti s dng

1117.3.3 Qu trnh qun l chng trnh ti s dng

Ph lc A (Quy nh) 115Qu trnh sa i

115A.1 Gii thiu

115A.2 Qu trnh sa i

115A.2.1 Mc ch ca qu trnh sa i

115A.2.2 Kt qu qu trnh sa i

115A.2.3 Cc hot ng qu trnh sa i

Ph lc B (Quy nh) 117M hnh tham chiu qu trnh cho cc mc ch nh gi

117B.1 Gii thiu

117B.2 S ph hp vi tiu chun ISO/IEC 15504-2

117B.2.1 Tng quan

117B.2.2 Cc yu cu i vi cc m hnh tham chiu qu trnh

118B.2.3 Cc m t qu trnh

119B.2.4 Cc thuc tnh qu trnh chung i vi vic xac nh kh nng

120B.3 M hnh tham chiu qu trnh

123B.3.1 Cc qu trnh mc thp hn qu trnh mua sn phm

124B.3.2 Cc qu trnh mc thp hn qu trnh cung cp

126B.3.3 Cc qu trnh mc thp hn qu trnh qun l m hnh vng i

128B.3.4 Cc qu trnh mc thp hn qu trnh qun l ngun nhn lc

129B.3.5 Cc qu trnh mc thp hn qu trnh vn hnh phn mm

Ph lc C (Tham kho) 131Tng quan qu trnh

131C.1 Gii thiu

131C.2 nh ngha

131C.3 Khi nim tng quan qu trnh

132C.4 Tng quan qu trnh kh dng

Ph lc D (Tham kho) 135Mt s v d m t qu trnh

135D.1 Qu trnh sp xp trnh t t chc

135D.2 Qu trnh qun l t chc

136D.3 Qu trnh qun l thay i hp ng

138Ti liu tham kho

Li ni u

K THUT H THNG V PHN MM CC QU TRNH VNG I PHN MM

Systems and software engineering - Software life cycle processes

1 Phm vi p dng

Tiu chun ny thit lp mt khung hng dn chung v cc qu trnh vng i phn mm vi nhng khi nim c nh ngha r rng v c th c tham chiu trong lnh vc cng ngh phn mm. Tiu chun bao gm cc qu trnh, cc hot ng v cc nhim v c p dng trong sut qu trnh mua sn phm phn mm hoc dch v v trong sut qu trnh cung cp, pht trin, vn hnh, bo tr v hy b ca cc sn phm phn mm. Trong , phn mm bao gm c phn phn mm cua phn sn.

Tiu chun ny c p dng cho cc i tng bao gm bn mua sn phm h thng, cc sn phm phn mm v cc dch v, nh cung cp v cc bn lin quan nh: bn pht trin, bn khai thc, bn bo tr, bn qun l, bn qun l m bo cht lng v ngi s dng cc sn phm phn mm.Cc gii hn ca tiu chun ny bao gm: Khng trnh by chi tit cc qu trnh vng i trong gii hn v cc phng php hoc cc th tc cn thit p ng cc yu cu v kt qu ca qu trnh. Khng trnh by chi tit ti liu hng dn trong gii hn v tn, nh dng, ni dung tng minh v phng tin ghi bo co. Khng qui nh m hnh vng i phn mm hoc h thng, phng php lun trin khai, phng php, m hnh hoc k thut c trng. Khng d nh gy mu thun vi cc chnh sch, cc th tc v cc tiu chun ca bt k t chc no hoc vi cc iu lut v php lut ca bt k quc gia no. Nu c bt k mu thun no nh vy nn c gii quyt trc khi p dng tiu chun ny.2 Ti liu vin dn

Cc ti liu vin dn sau y l cn thit p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin dn ghi nm cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm cng b th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc sa i, b sung (nu c).[1] IEEE Std 1517-1999 - IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Software Life Cycle Processes - Reuse Processes. (IEEE Std 1517-1999 Tiu chun IEEE i vi Cng ngh thng tin Cc qu trnh qun l vng i phn mm Cc qu trnh ti s dng).[2] ISO/IEC 9126-1 - Software engineering - Product quality - Part 1: Quality model. (ISO/IEC 9126-1 K thut phn mm Cht lng sn phm Phn 1: M hnh cht lng).

[3] ISO 9000:2005 - Quality management systems - Concepts and vocabulary. (ISO 9000: 2005 - Cc h thng qun l cht lng Cc khi nim v t vng).[4] ISO 9001:2000 - Quality management systems - Requirements. (ISO 9001: 2000 Cc h thng qun l cht lng Cc yu cu).[5] ISO 9004:2000 - Quality management systems - Guidance for performance improvement. (ISO 9004: 2000 Cc h thng qun l cht lng Hng dn ci tin cht lng).[6] ISO 10007 - Quality management systems - Guidelines for configuration management. (ISO 10007 Cc h thng qun l cht lng Cc hng dn qun l cu hnh).[7] ISO 9241-11:1998 Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) Part 11: Guidance on usability. (ISO 9241-11:1998 Cc yu cu ti u yu t con ngi i vi cng vic vn phong vi thit b u cui hin th hnh nh (VDT) Phn 11: Hng dn kh nng s dng).[8] ISO 13407:1999 - Ergonomics - Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Human-centred design process for interactive systems. (ISO 13407:1999 Ti u yu t con ngi Ti u yu t con ngi trong vic tng tc gia ngi v h thng Qu trnh thit k ly con ngi l trung tm cho cc h thng tng tc).[9] ISO/IEC TR 9294:2005 - Information technology - Guidelines for the Management of Software Documentation. (ISO/IEC TR 9294:2005 Cng ngh thng tin Cc hng dn qun l ti liu hng dn phn mm).[10] ISO/IEC 14764:2006 - Software Engineering - Software life cycle processes - Maintenance. (ISO/IEC 14764:2006 K thut phn mm Cc qu trnh vng i phn mm Bo tr).[11] ISO/IEC TR 15271:1998 - Software Engineering - Software life cycle processes - Guide for ISO/IEC 12207 (Software Life Cycle Processes). (ISO/IEC TR 15271:1998 K thut phn mm Cc qu trnh vng i phn mm Hng dn tiu chun ISO/IEC 12207 (Cc qu trnh vng i phn mm)).

[12] ISO/IEC 15288 - Systems Engineering - System life cycle processes. (ISO/IEC 15288 K thut phn mm Cc qu trnh vng i h thng).[13] ISO/IEC 15289:2006 - Systems and Software Engineering - Content of systems and software life cycle process information products (Documentation). (ISO/IEC 15289:2006 K thut h thng v phn mm Ni dung ti liu qu trnh vng i phn mm v h thng (Ti liu hng dn)).[14] ISO/IEC 15504: (all parts) - Information Technology - Process Assessment. (ISO/IEC 15504: (tt c cc phn) Cng ngh thng tin nh gi qu trnh).[15] ISO/IEC 15939:2007 - Software and System Engineering - Measurement. (ISO/IEC 15939:2007 K thut h thng v phn mm Php o).[16] ISO/IEC 16085:2006 - System and Software Engineering - Life Cycle Management - Risk management. (ISO/IEC 16085:2006 K thut h thng v phn mm Qun l vng i Qun l ri ro).[17] ISO PAS 18152:2003 - A specification for the process assessment of human-system issues. (ISO PAS 18152:2003 c t ky thut i vi vic nh gi qu trnh v cc vn gia ngi v h thng).[18] ISO/TR 18529:2000 - Ergonomics - Ergonomics of human-system interaction - Human-centred lifecycle process descriptions. (ISO/TR 18529:2000 - Ti u yu t con ngi Ti u yu t con ngi trong vic tng tc gia ngi v h thng Cc m t qu trnh vng i ly con ngi l trung tm).[19] ISO/IEC TR 20000:2005 (multi-part) - Information technology - Service Management. (ISO/IEC TR 20000:2005 (nhiu phn) Cng ngh thng tin Qun l dch v). [20] ISO/IEC 24774:2007 - System and Software Engineering - Life Cycle Management - Guidelines for process definition. (ISO/IEC 24774:2007 K thut h thng v phn mm Qun l vng i Cc hng dn nh ngha qu trnh).[21] ISO/IEC 25030:2007, Software Engineering Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) Quality Requirements. (ISO/IEC 25030:2007 K thut phn mm nh gi v cc yu cu cht lng sn phm phn mm Cc yu cu cht lng).[22] ISO/IEC 25062 - Software Engineering - Software product Quality Requirements and Evaluation (SQuaRE) - Common Industry Format (CIF) for usability test reports. (ISO/IEC 25062 K thut phn mm Cc yu cu v nh gi cht lng sn phm phn mm nh dng chung cho cc bo co kim tra tnh kh dng).[23] ISO/IEC 90003:2004 - Software Engineering - Guidelines for the application of ISO 9001:2000 to computer software. (ISO/IEC 90003:2004 K thut phn mm Cc hng dn p dng tiu chun ISO 9001:2000 vo phn mm my tnh).3 Thut ng v nh nghaTiu chun ny s dng cc thut ng v nh ngha sau:

3.1

Bn mua sn phm (acquirer)T chc mua, nhn sn phm hay dch v phn mm t nh cung cp.

CH THCH: Bn mua sn phm c th l: ngi mua, khch hng, ch s hu, ngi s dng.

3.2

Bn pht trin (developer)

T chc thc hin cc hot ng pht trin (bao gm c phn tch yu cu, thit k v kim chun) trong qu trnh vng i phn mm.

CH THCH: Trong tiu chun ny, thut ng bn pht trin v bn trin khai l ng ngha.

3.3

Bn trin khai (implementer)T chc thc hin cc nhim v thc thi.

CH THCH: Trong tiu chun ny, thut ng bn pht trin v bn trin khai l ng ngha.

3.4

Bn bo tr (maintainer)T chc thc hin cc hot ng bo tr. 3.5

Bn vn hnh (operator)T chc vn hnh h thng.CH THCH 1: Vai tr ca bn vn hnh v vai tr ca ngi s dng c th c trao mt cch ng thi hoc tun t, trong cng mt c nhn hoc t chc.

CH THCH 2: Trong ng cnh ca nh ngha c th ny, thut ng nay c ngha l mt c nhn hoc mt t chc.

3.6

Bn tham gia (party)T chc tham gia trong mt hp ng.

CH THCH: Trong tiu chun ny, bn tham gia tha thun c gi l bn mua sn phm v nha cung cp san phm.

3.7Bn lin quan (stakeholder)C nhn hoc t chc c quyn, c phn, yu cu hoc li ch trong mt h thng hoc trong phm vi thuc cc c tnh ca h thng p ng mong mun v nhu cu ca c nhn hoc t chc o.

3.8Cht lng (qualification)Qu trnh minh chng mt thc th c kh nng ap ng cc yu cu c th hay khng.

3.9D n (project)S n lc vi tiu ch u vo v u ra xc nh c am bao tao ra mt sn phm hoc dch v ph hp vi cc yu cu v ti nguyn xac nh.

CH THCH 1: Theo tiu chun ISO 9000:2005.

CH THCH 2: Mt d n c th c xem xt nh mt qu trnh n nht bao gm cc hot ng kim sot v phi hp; c th bao gm cc hot ng t cc qu trnh d n v cc qu trnh k thut c nh ngha trong tiu chun ny.

3.10Danh mc d n (project portfolio)

Tp hp cc d n giai quyt cc mc tiu chin lc ca mt t chc.

3.11Dch v (service)Thc thi cc hot ng, cng vic hoc cc nhim v lin quan n mt sn phm.

3.12m bo cht lng (quality assurance)

Tt c cc hot ng c h thng v c k hoch c trin khai trong h thng cht lng ng thi c kim chng khi cn thit cung cp s tin cy tng xng sao cho mt thc th s p ng cc yu cu v cht lng.CH THCH 1: C c cc mc ch trong v ngoi m bo cht lng:

m bo cht lng trong: trong mt c cu t chc, m bo cht lng cung cp s tin cy qun l;m bo cht lng ngoi: trong cc tnh hung hp ng, m bo cht lng cung cp s tin cy cho khch hng hoc cc i tng khc.

CH THCH 2: Mt s hot ng kim sot cht lng v m bo cht lng c tng quan vi nhau.

CH THCH 3: Tr khi cc yu cu v cht lng phan anh hon ton nhu cu ca ngi s dng, m bo cht lng c th khng cung cp s tin cy tng xng.

3.13n v phn mm (software unit)Mt on m c bin dch ring bit.3.14Gii hn c bn (baseline)

c tinh k thut hoc sn phm c chnh thc xem xt v ng ma sau c xem nh c s cho pht trin sau nay v c th chi c thay i thng qua cac thu tuc iu khin thay i chinh thc. 3.15Gim st (monitoring)Kim tra trng thai cc hot ng ca nh cung cp v kt qu c thc hin bi bn mua sn phm hoc bn th ba.

3.16Giai on (stage)Chu k vng i ca mt thc th lin quan n trng thi thc t hay m t ca thc th .

CH THCH 1: Khi c s dng trong tiu chun ny, cc giai on lin quan n cc ct mc t c v cc tin trinh chinh trong sut vng i ca thc th.CH THCH 2: Cc giai on c th c chng ln ln nhau.3.17Hot ng (activity)

Tp cc nhim v ca mt qu trnh.3.18Hp ng (contract)

Tha thun rng buc gia hai bn hoc tha thun ni b tng t trong t chc m c th thi hnh bng iu lut.

3.19H thng phu tr (enabling system)H thng h tr h thng chinh trong sut cc giai on vng i, nhng khng nht thit phi ng gp trc tip n chc nng ca h thng trong qu trnh hot ng.

CH THCH 1: V d, khi h thng chinh tham gia vo giai on sn xut, mt h thng cho phep sn xut c yu cu.

CH THCH 2: Mi h thng cho phep c vng i ring. Tiu chun ny c th p dng cho mi h thng cho phep khi h thng c kh nng c coi l mt h thng chinh.

3.20H thng (system)

Tng hp cc phn t tng tc c t chc t c mt hoc nhiu mc tiu xac inh.CH THCH 1: Mt h thng c th c xem xt nh mt sn phm hoc nh cc dch v cung cp.CH THCH 2: Trong thc t, vic gii thch ngha mt h thng thng c lm r bng cch s dng mt danh t kt hp, v d: h thng my bay. Ngoi ra, t h thng c th c thay th n gin bng mt t ng ngha ph thuc vo ng cnh, v d: my bay, mc d iu ny sau lm kh hiu phi cnh ngun gc h thng.

3.21Kim tra (audit)

S anh gia c lp cac qua trinh va san phm phn mm c ngi c thm quyn thc hin nh gi tun th theo cc yu cu.

3.22Khch hng (customer)

T chc hay c nhn thu nhn sn phm hoc dch v phn mm.

CH THCH 1: Khch hng c th nm trong hoc ngoi mt t chc.CH THCH 2: c iu chnh t tiu chun ISO 9000:2005.CH THCH 3: Mt s thut ng khc thng s dng cho khch hng nh bn mua sn phm, ngi mua v ngi tiu dng.

3.23Kt qu qu trnh (process outcome)Kt qu quan st t vic t c thnh cng ca mc ch qu trnh.

CH THCH: Bo co kt qu m t mt trong nhng iu sau y:

a ra mt gi thit;

Mt thay i quan trng v trng thi;p ng cc rng buc c th, nh cc yu cu, cc mc ch3.24Kim tra cht lng (qualification testing)

Vic kim tra c bn pht trin tin hnh v c bn mua sn phm chng kin (khi thy thch hp) chng minh mt sn phm phn mm p ng c cc c im k thut v sn sng s dng trong mi trng mc tiu hoc tich hp vi h thng cha sn phm phn mm .

3.25Kh nng kim tra (test ability)Pham vi mt bi kim tra kh thi v khch quan c th c thit k nh ngha xem mt yu cu co c p ng hay khng.

3.26Mua sn phm (acquisition)

Qu trnh t c h thng, sn phm hoc dch v phn mm.

3.27M hnh vng i (life cycle model)Khung cc qu trnh v cc hot ng lin quan ti vng i c th c t chc di dang cc giai on, cng nh ng vai tr nh mt s tham chiu chung cho vic hiu va trao i thng tin.

3.28Mc ch qu trnh (process purpose)

Mc tiu mc cao ca vic thc hin qu trnh v kt qu co th at c cua vic thc thi hiu qua mt qu trnh.

CH THCH: Vic thc thi mt qu trnh nn cung cp cc li ch r rng cho cc bn lin quan.

3.29Ngng s dng (retirement)Huy bo vic h tr ch ng bi t chc bo tr v vn hnh, thay th mt phn hoc ton b bng mt h thng mi hoc ci t nng cp h thng.3.30Nha cung cp (supplier)T chc hoc c nhn tham gia vo hp ng vi bn mua sn phm cung cp sn phm phn mm hoc dch v phn mm.CH THCH 1: Nha cung cp c th l nh thu, nha sn xut, ngi bn hoc ngi phn phi.

CH THCH 2: i khi bn mua sn phm v nh cung cp l b phn ca cng mt t chc.

3.31Nhim v (task)Yu cu, khuyn ngh hoc hnh ng c php nhm gp phn vo vic t c mt hoc nhiu kt qu ca mt qu trnh.

3.32Ngi s dng (user)C nhn hoc nhm ngi s dng h thng trong sut thi gian s dung mt h thng.

CH THCH: Vai tr ca ngi s dng v vai tr ca bn vn hnh c th c trao mt cch ng thi hoc tun t trong cng mt c nhn hoc t chc.

3.33Phng tin (facility)Cc phng tin vt l hoc thit b tao iu kin thun li cho vic thc hin mt hot ng, vi du nh cc toa nha, cc dng c v cc cng c.

3.34Phn sn (firmware)T hp ca thit b phn cng v cc lnh my tnh hoc d liu may tnh c np nh phn mm ch c trong thit b phn cng.

CH THCH: Phn mm khng d dng c sa i di s iu khin ca chng trnh.

3.35Phin ban phat hanh (release)Phin bn cu th ca thnh phn cu hnh c lm sn dng cho mt mc ch c th (v d: phin bn kim tra).3.36Phn t h thng (system element)Phn t ca mt tp cc thnh phn cu thnh nn mt h thng.CH THCH: Thnh phn h thng l mt phn ri rc ca mt h thng c th c trin khai p ng cc yu cu c th. Mt thnh phn h thng c th l phn cng, phn mm, d liu, con ngi, qu trnh (v d: cc qu trnh cung cp dch v ti ngi s dng), cc th tc (v d: cc ti liu hng dn bn vn hnh), cc c s, cc ti liu v cc thc th t nhin (v d: nc, sinh vt, khong cht) hoc bt k s kt hp no.

3.37Phm vi kim tra (test coverage)Pham vi cc trng hp kim tra thc hin kim tra cc yu cu cho h thng phn mm hoc sn phm phn mm.

3.38Phin bn (version)Bn pht hnh c trng ca mt thanh phn phn mm.CH THCH: S chnh sa i vi mt phin bn ca mt sn phm phn mm m yu cu hot ng qun l cu hnh tao ra mt phin bn mi.3.39Qu trnh (process)Tp hp cc hot ng c lin quan ln nhau hoc tng tc bin i u vo thnh u ra.

3.40S tha thun (agreement)

S tha nhn ln nhau gia cc iu khon v cc iu kin m theo mt mi quan h cng vic c tin hnh.

3.41S nh gi (evaluation)S xac inh co h thng mt pham vi m trong o mt thc th p ng cc tiu ch xac inh.

3.42Sn phm (product)Kt qu ca qu trnh.3.43Sn phm phn mm (software product)

Tp cc chng trnh my tnh, cc th tc, ti liu hng dn v d liu c th i km.

3.44

Sn sng ph bin v thng mi ha (off-the-shelf)Sn phm c pht trin v sn sng thng mi ha.3.45

Thnh phn khng th chuyn giao (non-deliverable item)Sn phm phn mm hay phn cng khng c yu cu chuyn giao theo hp ng nhng c th c s dng trong s pht trin ca sn phm phn mm.

3.46Thanh phn cu hnh (configuration item)Thc th trong cu hnh tha mn chc nng s dng cui v c th c nh ngha duy nht ti im tham chiu cho trc.

3.47T chc (organization)C nhn hoc mt nhm c nhn v cc phng tin vi s sp xp v trch nhim, thm quyn v mi quan h.

CH THCH 1: c iu chnh t tiu chun ISO 9000:2005.CH THCH 2: C nhn c t chc ha cho mt s mc ch c th, v d: mt hip hi, cng on, tp on hoc mt x hi l mt t chc.

CH THCH 3: Mt phn nh ngha ca mt t chc (ngay c khi ti thiu nh mt c nhn duy nht) hoc mt nhm nh ngha ca cc t chc c th c coi nh mt t chc nu t chc c trch nhim, thm quyn v mi quan h.

CH THCH 4: Mt dang cua thc th co t chc thng c gi l mt doanh nghip, nn cc kha cnh co t chc trong tiu chun ny phi p dng tt i vi mt doanh nghip.

3.48

Ti nguyn (resource)Ti sn c s dng hoc tiu th trong thi gian thc hin ca mt qu trnh.3.49

Tnh an ton (security)

Bo v thng tin v d liu nhng h thng hoc ngi khng c thm quyn khng th c hay chnh sa chng trong khi cac h thng va ngi c thm quyn khng b t chi truy nhp vo chng.

3.50Thanh phn phn mm (software item) M ngun, m i tng, m iu khin, d liu iu khin hoc mt b tp hp cc thnh phn ny.

CH THCH: Thnh phn phn mm c th c xem nh mt thnh phn h thng ca tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288: 2008.3.51Tng trnh cng vic (statement of work)Ti liu c bn mua sn phm s dng nh cc phng tin m t v ch r cc nhim v c thc hin theo hp ng.3.52Vng i (life cycle)Qua trinh pht trin ca h thng, sn phm, dch v, d n hoc thc th nhn to no t lc hnh thnh khai nim n lc ngng s dng.

3.53

Xc nhn (validation)Khng nh bng vic cung cp bng chng khch quan rng cc yu cu cho mt ng dung hay mt muc ich s dung cu th c ap ng.

CH THCH: Xc nhn trong mt ng cnh vng i l mt tp cc hot ng m bo v t c s tin cy m mt h thng c kh nng hon thnh cc mc tiu, cc mc ch v li ch d kin ca n.

3.54

Xc minh (verification)Khng nh bng vic cung cp bng chng khch quan rng cc yu cu nh ngha c ap ng.CH THCH: Xc minh trong mt ng cnh vng i l mt tp cc hot ng so snh mt sn phm ca vng i vi cc c tnh yu cu cho sn phm . iu ny c th bao gm, nhng khng gii hn, cc yu cu c th, m t thit k v h thng ca chnh n.

3.55

Yu cu cht lng (qualification requirement)Tp cc tiu chi hoc cc iu kin phai c p ng noi ro mt sn phm phn mm la tun thu cc c tinh k thut ca n v sn sng s dng trong mi trng mc tiu hoc tich hp vi h thng cha n.

3.56Yu cu xut (request for proposal)H s mi thu (tender)Ti liu c bn mua sn phm s dng nh mt phng tin thng bo d kin ti cc nh thu tim nng mua mt sn phm phn mm, dch v phn mm hoc h thng c th.

4 S ph hp4.1 S dng d kin

Cc yu cu trong tiu chun ny c bao gm trong cc iu 6 v 7 v ph lc A. Tiu chun ny cung cp cc yu cu i vi mt s qu trnh ph hp cho vic s dng trong sut vng i ca mt sn phm hoc dch v phn mm. Cc t chc hoc cc d n cu th c th khng cn thit phi s dng tt c cc qu trnh c cung cp trong tiu chun ny. Do , vic trin khai tiu chun ny thng lin quan n vic la chn mt tp hp cc qu trnh ph hp vi d n hoc t chc o. C hai cch trin khai c th c yu cu ph hp vi cc iu khon ca tiu chun ny. Bt k yu cu s ph hp nao c trch dn theo mt trong hai hnh thc di y.

4.2 S ph hp hon ton

Mt yu cu ph hp hon ton k khai mt tp cc qu trnh ma s ph hp c yu cu. S ph hp hon ton t c bng cch chng minh rng tt c cc yu cu ca tp cc qu trnh k khai c p ng khi s dng kt qu lm bng chng.

4.3 S ph hp co sa iKhi tiu chun ny c s dng lm c s thit lp mt tp cc qu trnh khng nh gi cho s ph hp hon ton th cc iu khoan ca tiu chun ny c la chn hoc chnh sa ph hp vi qu trnh sa i bt buc trong ph lc A. Khi s ph hp co sa i c yu cu, vn bn sa i c cng b. S ph hp co sa i t c bng cch chng minh rng khi c sa i, cc yu cu i vi qu trnh o c p ng.

CH THCH 1: Khi tiu chun ny c s dng gip trin khai tha thun gia bn mua sn phm v nh cung cp, cc iu ca tiu chun ny c th c la chn tch hp vo trong tha thun c hoc khng c sa i. Trong trng hp ny, bn mua sn phm v nh cung cp nn yu cu s tun th tha thun hn la yu cu ph hp vi tiu chun ny.

CH THCH 2: Bt k t chc nao (nh nh nc, hip hi cng nghip, cng ty) p dng tiu chun ny nh mt iu kin thng mi nn ch r, ph bin mt tp ti thiu cc qu trnh, cc hot ng v cc nhim v c yu cu ma to nn s ph hp ca nh cung cp vi tiu chun ny.

5 p dng Tiu chuniu ny gii thiu tng quan qu trnh vng i phn mm c th c dng mua, cung cp, pht trin, vn hnh, bo tr, huy bo cc sn phm phn mm v cc dch v phn mm. Mc tiu nhm cung cp mt l trnh cho ngi s dng tiu chun ny h c th t nh hng v p dng mt cch ng n.

5.1 Cc khi nim chnh ca Tiu chun Mc ny gii thiu cc khi nim chinh hu ch trong vic oc hiu v p dng Tiu chun. Trong mt vi trng hp, cc t thng dng c s dng theo mt phng thc c bit trong tiu chun nay. Mc ny cung s m t cc cch s dng c bit . Chi tit hn v cc khi nim ny c th tm thy trong tiu chun ISO/IEC TR 15271.

CH THCH: Bn bo co k thut c cp nht tip theo (tiu chun ISO/IEC TR 24748) cng s c cung cp chi tit hn.

5.1.1 Mi quan h ca sn phm phn mm v dch v phn mm

Nhn chung, tiu chun ny p dng cho c sn phm phn mm v dch v phn mm. Cc iu khon ca cc qu trnh cu th a ra kh nng p dng ca chng.

CH THCH: Tiu chun ISO/IEC 20000 cung cp cc qu trnh, cc yu cu v hng dn ti cc nh cung cp dch v i vi vic phn phi cc dch v c qun l.

5.1.2 Mi lin h gia h thng v phn mm

Tiu chun ny thit lp mt lin kt bn vng gia h thng v phn mm ca h thng. Lin kt da trn cc nguyn tc chung ca cc h thng k thut. Phn mm c coi nh mt phn tch hp ca h thng tng th v thc hin cc chc nng nht nh trong h thng . iu nay c thc hin bng cch tach yu cu phn mm khoi yu cu thit k v yu cu h thng, t to ra phn mm v tch hp phn mm vo trong h thng. l tin c bn ca tiu chun nay khi m phn mm lun lun tn ti trong ng cnh ca mt h thng, ngay c khi h thng bao gm duy nht b x l c phn mm c thc thi. Do , mt sn phm phn mm hoc mt dch v phn mm lun c coi nh mt thnh phn trong mt h thng. V d, tiu chun lm r s khc bit gia phn tch yu cu h thng v phn tch yu cu phn mm, bi v trong trng hp tng qut, vic thit k cu trc h thng s sp xp cc yu cu h thng vo cc hng mc khc nhau ca h thng, trong khi vic phn tch yu cu phn mm s nhn c cc yu cu phn mm t cc yu cu h thng sp xp vo tng hng mc thnh phn phn mm. Tt nhin, trong mt s trng hp, hng mc khng phi phn mm ca h thng c th coi l s t nn c th khng cn thit thc hin phn tch phn mm v h thng nht nh.

Tiu chun ny c mi lin h mt thit vi tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288:2008 v c th c s dng kt hp chung. Trong nhiu trng hp, cc qu trnh ca tiu chun ny tng ng trc tip vi cc qu trnh ca tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288 nhng vi mt s c th ha i vi cc sn phm phn mm v cc dch v. Mt v d cn lu l qu trnh thc hin phn mm ca tiu chun ny l mt c th ha (mt c th ha chi tit) ca qu trnh trin khai trong tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288.

Trong trng hp h thng c thnh phn khng phi phn mm c tnh cht quan trng, t chc c th p dng tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288 cung cp cc qu trnh vng i thch hp. i vi mi thnh phn phn mm ca h thng, t chc phi p dng qu trnh trin khai phn mm ca tiu chun ny to ra phn t phn mm.

Trong trng hp rt nho l cc phn khng phi phn mm ca h thng, t chc c th p dng tiu chun ny m khng cn tham chiu vi tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288. Tiu chun ny bao gm qu trnh b sung mc h thng (d cu th ha i vi cc nhu cu phn mm) cung cp ng cnh h thng thch hp i vi phn mm.

Khi p dng tiu chun ny kt hp vi tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288, mt phn nh ca s khng ph hp trong thut ng cng phi c xem xt. Tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288 phn tach mt h thng thanh mt tp cc thnh phn h thng. Mt s trong cc thnh phn c th c nh ngha l cc sn phm phn mm th phi c trin khai bng cch s dng tiu chun ny. Tiu chun ny s dng thut ng thanh phn tham chiu ti thnh phn chnh ca h thng. Mt cch ngn gn, tiu chun ny s dng thut ng thanh phn, trong khi tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288 phi s dng thut ng thnh phn phn mm.

Mt s thanh phn c th c n nh nh i tng phu thuc vao qun l cu hnh; chng c gi l thnh phn cu hnh. Qu trnh thit k kin trc phn mm chuyn i cc thanh phn thnh cc phn t v qu trnh thit k phn mm chi tit tinh chnh cc phn t thanh cc n v.

5.1.3 T chc v bn tham giaTrong tiu chun ny, thut ng t chc v bn tham gia c lin h cht ch vi nhau. Mt t chc l mt tp cac thanh vin co thm quyn v trch nhim xac nh, c t chc cho mt s mc ch c th, v d: mt hip hi, cng on, tp on hoc x hi. Khi mt t chc, tng th hoc mt phn, tham gia vo mt hp ng, th t chc o l mt bn tham gia. Bn tham gia c th l t cng mt t chc hoc t cc t chc ring bit. Mt c nhn l mt v d ca t chc, nu c nhn c giao cc trch nhim v thm quyn.

Tn cua t chc hoc bn tham gia thng xut pht t qu trnh m t chc hoc bn tham gia o chu trch nhim. V d, t chc hoc bn tham gia c gi l bn mua sn phm khi thc hin qu trnh mua sn phm. Do , khi cc thut ng sau y c s dng trong tiu chun ny, chng khng mang ngha chung, thay vo , c tham chiu t chc hoc bn tham gia chu trch nhim cho vic thc hin qu trnh vi mt tn tng t, v d: bn mua sn phm, nha cung cp, bn trin khai, bn bo tr hoc bn vn hnh.

Mt vi thut ng khc c p dng i vi cc t chc trong tiu chun ny: ngi s dng la t chc hng li t vic s dng sn phm phn mm hoc dch v; khch hng cp n ngi s dung hay bn mua san phm; bn lin quan cp ti t chc co li ich trong thnh cng ca d n.

Qu trnh v t chc (hoc bn tham gia) ch c lin quan duy nht v mt chc nng. Tiu chun ny khng bt buc hoc mc nh mt cu truc dnh cho mt t chc (hoc mt bn tham gia).

Cc qu trnh trong tiu chun ny to thnh mt tp bao hm ton din phuc vu cc t chc khc nhau. Ty thuc vo mc ch kinh doanh hay chin lc mua sn phm, mt t chc, d ln hay nh, c th la chn mt tp thich hp cc qu trnh (co cc hot ng v cc nhim v kt hp) p ng mc ch . Mt t chc c th thc hin mt hoc nhiu hn mt qu trnh. Di hnh thc mt bn hp ng hoc di s p dng tiu chun ny, mt bn tham gia xac inh khng nn thc hin c qu trnh mua sn phm v qu trnh cung cp sn phm, nhng c th thc hin cc qu trnh khc. Mt qu trnh c th c mt t chc hoc nhiu hn mt t chc thc hin. Mt v d ca mt qu trnh c thc hin bi nhiu hn mt t chc l qu trnh sot xt phn mm.

Tiu chun ny d inh c hai hoc nhiu t chc p dng bn trong hoc bn ngoai mt t chc. Khi p dng bn trong mt t chc, hai bn tham gia tha thun thng thc hin theo cc iu khon tha thun, cac iu khoan thoa thun nay c th thay i di cac iu kin khc nhau. Khi p dng bn ngoi mt t chc, hai bn tham gia tha thun thng thc hin theo cc iu khon trong hp ng. thun tin cho vic p dng tiu chun ny hoc bn trong hoc bng hp ng, cc nhim v c m ta theo ngn ng hp ng. Khi p dng bn trong, ngn ng hp ng phi c hiu nh mt quy tc t p t.

Vi mc ch ca tiu chun ny, bt ky d n nao cung c gia thit la c tin hnh trong ng cnh ca mt t chc. iu ny l quan trng bi v mt d n phn mm ph thuc trn kt qu khc nhau c a ra bi cc qu trnh thng mi ca t chc, v d, ngi lao ng b tr nhn vin cho d n v c s vt cht cung cp a im cho d n. Vi mc ch nh vy, tiu chun ny cung cp mt tp cc qu trnh h tr d n ca t chc. Cc qu trnh ny khng c tha nhn l y vn hnh mt cng vic, cung khng phi la qu trnh d n ring bit bt k c tha nhn c xac inh hon ton. Thay v c xem xt nh mt tp hp, cc qu trnh nay c d nh xac inh mt tp ti thiu ca cc phn ph thuc ma trong d n thuc vo mt t chc.

5.1.4 S tha nhn mc t chc v mc d n

Cc doanh nghip phn mm hin ai ang c gng pht trin mt tp th cc qu trnh vng i phn mm c p dng nhiu ln vo cc d n phn mm ca doanh nghip o. Do , tiu chun ny c d inh gip ch cho s tha nhn mc t chc hoc mc d n. T chc phi tha nhn tiu chun nay v b sung thm cac thu tuc, bi thc hnh, cng c v chnh sch thich hp. D n phn mm ca t chc phi tun thu cc qu trnh ca t chc ch khng phai tun thu trc tip tiu chun ny.

Trong mt s trng hp, d n c th c t chc thc thi ma khng c mt tp cc qu trnh ph hp c tha nhn mc t chc. D n nh vy c th p dng cc iu khon ca tiu chun ny mt cch trc tip ti d n o.

5.1.5 S sa i

Ph lc A, l phn quy nh, nh nghia cc hot ng c bn cn thit thc hin vic sa i trong tiu chun ny.

Ch y rng vic sa i c th gim bt gi tr nhn c ca mt yu cu tun thu i vi tiu chun ny. Ly do la kh cho cc t chc khc hiu c phm vi sa i khi m vic sa i c th xa b cc iu khon mong mun. T chc anh gia yu cu tun thu i vi tiu chun ny c th thy li yu cu tun thu hon ton i vi mt danh sch nho hn cua cc qu trnh ch khng phai tun thu co sa i i vi mt danh sch ln cc qu trnh.

5.1.6 Mi quan h thi gian gia cc qu trnh

Trong tiu chun ny, qu trnh vi cc hot ng v nhim v ca qua trinh o c sp xp theo trnh t ph hp cho vic m t. Tun t v tr ny khng quy nh hay bt buc theo bt k trnh t ph thuc thi gian no. Trong trng hp thiu s thng nht v hoc s dung tun t phu thuc thi gian toan cu, ngi s dng tiu chun ny c th la chn v sp t cc qu trnh, hot ng v nhim v theo cch thch hp v hiu qu. Tiu chun ny khuyn khch vic lp i lp li gia cc hot ng v quy bn trong mt hot ng b li cc tc ng t bt k trnh t mc nh ca cc hot ng v cc nhim v. Cc bn tham gia ca tiu chun ny chu trch nhim la chn mt m hnh vng i cho d n v nh x cc qu trnh, hot ng v nhim v vao m hnh .

5.1.7 nh gi, xc minh v xc nhnCc t chc tham gia vo bt ky qu trnh vng i sn phm phn mm nao, phi tin hnh nh gi i vi cc sn phm . Qu trnh xc minh phn mm v xc nhn phn mm cung cp c hi cho vic nh gi b sung. Cc qu trnh ny c bn mua sn phm, nh cung cp hoc mt bn tham gia c lp tin hnh thc hin xc minh v xc nhn tnh hp l ca cc sn phm mc khc nhau ty thuc d n. Cc nh gi ny khng sao chp hay thay th cc nh gi khc, nhng l s b sung cho cc nh gi khc. C hi b sung cho vic nh gi c cung cp bi qu trnh sot xt phn mm, kim chng phn mm, nh gi cht lng phn mm v qun l m hnh vng i.

5.1.8 Tiu chi cho qu trnh

Tiu chun ny thit lp mt khun dng cho vng i phn mm. Vng i bt u t mt tng hoc nhu cu cn thit c th c p ng hon ton hoc mt phn bi phn mm v kt thc vi vic ngng s dng phn mm. Kin trc nay c xy dng bng mt tp cc qu trnh v mi tng quan gia cc qu trnh o. Vic xac nh cc qu trnh vng i c da trn hai nguyn tc c bn: s gn kt v trch nhim.

S gn kt: Cc qu trnh vng i c gn kt v c ghp cp thanh pham vi ti u cho thy tnh thc t v tnh kh thi; Trch nhim: Mt qu trnh c t di trch nhim ca mt t chc hoc mt bn tham gia trong vng i phn mm.

5.1.9 M t qu trnh

Cc qu trnh ca tiu chun ny c m t theo mt cch tng t vi tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288 thun tin cho vic s dng c hai tiu chun trong cng mt t chc hay mt d n.

Mi qu trnh ca tiu chun ny c m t theo cc thuc tnh sau:

Tiu truyn t phm vi ca qu trnh l nguyn vn; Mc ch m t cc mc ch ca vic thc hin qu trnh; Kt qu th hin kt qu quan sat c mong i t vic thc hin thnh cng ca qu trnh; Hot ng l mt danh sch cc hot ng c s dng t c kt qu; Nhim v l cc yu cu, khuyn ngh hoc cc hot ng cho phep h tr vic t c kt qu.

Chi tit b sung i vi hnh thc m t ny c th c tm thy trong tiu chun ISO/IEC 24774.

5.1.10 c tnh chung ca qu trnh

Cc thuc tnh c m t trong mc 5.1.9 m ta c im c trng ca mi qu trnh. Khi mt qu trnh trin khai tun thu cc thuc tnh ny, qu trnh o nh nghia mt cch r rng mc ch v kt qu t c thng qua vic trin khai cc hot ng xc nh cua no.

Ngoai cc thuc tnh c bn nay, qu trnh c th c m ta bng cc thuc tnh khac thng dung vi tt c cc qu trnh. Tiu chun ISO/IEC 15504-2 xc inh cc thuc tnh qu trnh chung, cac thuc tinh chung nay m ta 6 mc t c trong khung o kh nng qu trnh. Ph lc B ca tiu chun ny bao gm danh sch cc thuc tnh qu trnh gp phn vo vic t c cc mc cao hn ca kh nng qu trnh nh c nh nghia trong tiu chun 15504-2.

5.1.11 S phn chia ca qu trnh

Mi qu trnh cua tiu chun ny thoa man cac tiu chi c m t trn. Vi mc ch m t r rng, qu trnh i khi c phn chia thnh cc phn nh hn. Mt s qu trnh c phn chia thanh cac hot ng v/hoc cc qu trnh mc thp hn. Mt qu trnh mc thp hn c m t khi mt phn phn chia ca qu trnh p ng c cac tiu chi cua mt qu trnh. Mt hot ng c s dng khi n v phn chia khng thoa man nh mt qu trnh. Hot ng c th c xem xt nh mt tp cc nhim v n gin.i khi la hu ch khi phn chia qu trnh thnh cc qu trnh mc thp hn tai mc chi tit tt hn. Mt s qu trnh mc thp hn ch c phn chia cho mc ch nh gi. Qu trnh mc thp hn khng c m t trong phn ni dung ca tiu chun, nhng c cung cp phn ph lc. Trong mi trng hp, qu trnh nh gi mc thp hn c m t trong ph lc l s trnh by k lng mt hot ng ca qu trnh lin kt trong phn ni dung ca tiu chun.

Mt nhim v c din t theo hnh thc ca mt yu cu, khuyn ngh hoc hnh ng c php, nhm h tr vic t c kt qu ca mt qu trnh. i vi mc ch ny, tiu chun ny s dng mt cach cn thn cc tr ng t (phi, nn v c th) phn bit gia cc hnh thc ring bit ca nhim v. Phi c s dng din t mt iu khon c yu cu tun thu, nn din t khuyn ngh gia cc kh nng v c th chi thi mt qua trnh din bin ca hnh ng c php trong cc gii hn ca tiu chun ny.

Thng tin b sung c cung cp theo hnh thc cc ch thch hoc ph lc khng phi l quy nh.

5.1.12 Cc m hnh v giai on vng i

Thi gian tn ti ca mt h thng hoc mt sn phm phn mm c th c m hnh ha bng mt m hnh vng i gm c nhiu giai on. M hnh c th c s dng din t toan b thi gian tn ti t khai nim cho ti lc huy b hoc din ta phn thi gian tn ti tng ng vi d n ang thc hin. M hnh vng i bao gm mt chui cc giai on lin tc c th xp chng v/hoc lp i lp li, theo cch thch hp i vi cc c hi, cc nhu cu thay i, phc tp, tm quan trng v phm vi ca mt d n. Mi giai on c m t bng mc ch v kt qu. Cc hot ng v qu trnh vng i c la chn v s dng trong mt giai on p ng mc ch v kt qu ca giai on . Cc t chc khc nhau c th m nhn cc giai on khc nhau trong mt vng i sn phm. Tuy nhin, mi giai on c t chc chu trch nhim tin hnh i vi giai on vi vic quan tm n thng tin kh thi trong cc k hoch vng i v cc quyt nh c thc hin t cc giai on trc . Tng t nh vy, t chc chu trch nhim i vi giai on o ghi li cc quyt nh thc hin v gia thit lin quan n cc giai on k tip trong vng i.

Tiu chun ny khng yu cu s dng bt k m hnh vng i c bit no. Tuy nhin, yu cu rng mi d n nh ngha mt m hnh vng i ph hp, tt nht l mt m hnh c t chc xc nh s dng cho cc d n khc nhau. Vic p dng mt m hnh vng i cung cp phng php thit lp trnh t phu thuc thi gian cn thit cho vic qun l d n.

Hn na, tiu chun ny khng yu cu s dng bt k tp cc giai on c bit no. V d, tp cc giai on cho vng i ca mt h thng bao gm: tng, pht trin, sn xut, khai thc, h tr v ngng s dng. Trong khi, tp cc giai on cho vng i ca sn phm phn mm li bao gm pht trin, vn hnh v duy tr.

Rt nhiu kiu hoc lp ca m hnh vng i c m t. V d ca cc loi hnh nay c bit bng cc tn gi nh m hnh thc nc, pht trin gia tng, pht trin tin ha v xon c. Lu rng, vic la chn n gin tn gi ca loi m hnh khng p ng yu cu nh ngha mt m hnh bao gm cc giai on vi kt qu v mc ch xc nh c thc hin thng qua cc qu trnh ca tiu chun ny.

CH THCH: Bn bo co k thut cp nht tip theo (ISO/IEC TR 24748) phi cung cp phn b sung chi tit ph hp vi cc giai on v cc m hnh vng i.

5.2 Cu truc tiu chun

5.2.1 Phn loai qu trnh vng i

Tiu chun ny nhm cc hot ng c th c thc hin trong sut vng i ca h thng phn mm thanh by nhm qu trnh. Mi qu trnh vng i trong cc nhm c m t v mc ch v kt qu mong mun ca cc qu trnh v lit k cc hot ng v nhim v cn thit c thc hin t c kt qu .

a) Qu trnh tha thun hai qu trnh (mc 5.2.2.1.1 v 6.1);b) Qu trnh h tr d n ca t chc nm qu trnh (mc 5.2.2.1.2 v 6.2);c) Qu trnh d n by qu trnh (mc 5.2.2.1.3 v 6.3);d) Qu trnh k thut mi mt qu trnh (mc 5.2.2.1.4 v 6.4);e) Qu trnh trin khai phn mm mi mt qu trnh (mc 5.2.2.2.1 v 7.1);f) Qu trnh h tr phn mm tm qu trnh (mc 5.2.2.2.2 v 7.2);g) Qu trnh ti s dng phn mm ba qu trnh (mc 5.2.2.2.3 v 7.3).Cc mc ch v kt qu ca qu trnh vng i cu thanh mt m hnh tham chiu qu trnh. Trong tiu chun nay, cac iu khoan c nh s nh sau:

6.x v 7.x biu th mt nhm qu trnh; 6.x.x v 7.x.x biu th mt qu trnh (hoc qu trnh mc thp hn) trong phm vi nhm ; 6.x.x.1 v 7.x.x.1 m t mc ch ca qu trnh; 6. x.x.2 v 7.x.x.2 m t kt qu ca qu trnh; 6.x.x.3.y v 7.x.x.3.y lit k cc hot ng ca qu trnh; 6.x.x.3.y.x v 7.x.x.3.y.x lit k cc nhim v ca hot ng y.Cc nhm qu trnh vng i ny c gii thiu di y v c miu t trong Hnh 1.

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Hnh 1 - Cc nhm qu trnh vng i

M hnh tham chiu qu trnh khng trnh by mt phng php tip cn trin khai qu trnh c th v cng khng quy nh mt ky thut, phng phap lun hay m hnh vng i h thng/phn mm. Thay vo , m hnh tham chiu c nhm c mt t chc tha nhn da trn cc nhu cu thng mi v min p dng. Qu trnh a c nh ngha c cc d n ca t chc tha nhn trong ng cnh cc yu cu ca khch hng.

Kt qu qu trnh c s dng chng minh vic t c thnh cng mc ch ca qu trnh. iu ny gip ngi nh gi qu trnh xac nh kh nng cua qu trnh a c trin khai trong t chc o v cung cp ngun ti liu lp k hoch ci tin qu trnh .

5.2.2 Bn tm tt cc qu trnh vng i

C hai s phn chia nh c bn ca qu trnh trong tiu chun ny. iu 6 cung cp mt ng cnh h thng giai quyt cac vn lin quan n h thng phn mm hoc dch v hoc sn phm phn mm c lp. iu 7 bao gm cc qu trnh phn mm chuyn dung cho vic s dng trin khai sn phm phn mm hoc dch v m l mt phn ca mt h thng ln.

h tr vic s dng ng thi tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288 v ISO/IEC 12207, cc qu trnh tng ng trong iu 6 c cng cch nh s vi mc nho hn ( mc 6.x.x).

Nhn chung, tp hp cc qu trnh trong tiu chun ny l cc chuyn nganh phn mm phu hp hoc gp phn vo kt qu ca cc qu trnh trong tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288. Nhiu qua trinh trong tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288 c xem tng t nh vic trin khai qu trnh phn mm chuyn dung, nhng chng duy tr cc c tnh ring quan trng da trn mc ch, kt qu v i tng c. Ngi s dng c hai tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288 v ISO/IEC 12207 nn xem xt cc ch thch v giai thich ring trong mi qu trnh c trng.

5.2.2.1 Qu trnh ng cnh h thng

5.2.2.1.1 Qu trnh tha thun

Qu trnh ny nh nghia cc hot ng cn thit thit lp tha thun gia hai t chc. Nu qu trnh mua sn phm c yu cu, n cung cp cch thc tin hnh kinh doanh cho nh cung cp sn phm, cch thc h tr mt h thng vn hnh cho nha cung cp dch v hoc cch thc cho nha cung cp cc thnh phn ca mt h thng c mt d n pht trin. Nu qu trnh cung cp c yu cu, n cung cp cch thc tin hnh d n, trong o kt qu l mt sn phm hoc dch v c chuyn giao n bn mua sn phm.

Nhn chung, cc qu trnh tha thun trong tiu chun ny la c th ha ca qu trnh tha thun trong tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288.

5.2.2.1.2 Qu trnh h tr d n ca t chc

Qu trnh h tr d n ca t chc qun l kh nng ca t chc mua v cung cp cc sn phm hoc dch v thng qua s khi to, h tr v kim sot d n. Chng cung cp cc ti nguyn v c s h tng cn thit h tr d n v bo m tha mn cc mc tiu t chc v cc thoa thun a thit lp. Chng khng phai la mt tp y cc qu trnh kinh doanh ma cho php qun l vic kinh doanh ca t chc o.

Qu trnh h tr d n ca t chc bao gm cc thnh phn sau:

a) Qu trnh qun l m hnh vng i;

b) Qu trnh qun l c s h tng;

c) Qu trnh qun l danh mc d n;

d) Qu trnh qun l ngun nhn lc;

e) Qu trnh qun l cht lng.

Nhn chung, qu trnh h tr d n ca t chc trong tiu chun ny l c th ha cua tp tng ng cac qua trinh trong tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288.

5.2.2.1.3 Qu trnh d n

Trong tiu chun ny, d n c la chn nh la ng cnh cho vic m t cc qu trnh c lin quan n vic lp k hoch, nh gi v kim sot. Cc nguyn tc lin quan n cc qu trnh ny c th c p dng trong bt k phm vi qun l nao ca mt t chc.

C hai loi hnh qu trnh d n. Qu trnh qun l d n c s dng lp k hoch, thc thi, nh gi v iu khin cc qu trnh ca d n. Qu trnh h tr d n h tr cc mc tiu qun l chuyn dung. C hai c m t di y.

Qu trnh qun l d n c s dng thit lp v pht trin cc k hoch d n, nh gi thnh tu thc t v tin so vi k hoch v kim sot vic thc thi ca d n thng qua vic thc hin. Qu trnh qun l d n ring bit c th c a ra bt k thi im no trong vng i v bt k mc no trong h thng phn cp ca d n, nh yu cu t k hoch d n hoc t cc s kin khng lng trc. Qu trnh qun l d n c p dng vi mt mc cht ch v ng quy cch ty thuc vo ri ro v tnh phc tp ca d n.

a) Qu trnh lp k hoch d n;b) Qu trnh kim sot v nh gi d n.Qu trnh h tr d n cung cp mt tp trng tm chuyn dung cc nhim v cho vic thc hin mc tiu qun l chuyn dung. Qu trnh l hon ton r rng trong vic qun l s cam kt bt k, xuyn sut t mt t chc hon chnh ti mt qu trnh vng i n v ti cc nhim v ca qu trnh .

a) Qu trnh qun l quyt nh;

b) Qu trnh qun l ri ro;

c) Qu trnh qun l cu hnh;

d) Qu trnh qun l thng tin;e) Qu trnh o.

Nhn chung, qu trnh h tr d n trong tiu chun ny l ng nht vi qu trnh h tr d n trong tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288, b qua mt s khc bit trong vic nh ng. Trong mt vi trng hp, qu trnh h tr phn mm c th c mi lin h vi qu trnh h tr d n.

5.2.2.1.4 Qu trnh k thut

Qu trnh k thut c s dng nh nghia cc yu cu cho mt h thng, chuyn i cc yu cu o thnh mt sn phm hiu qu, cho php vic sn xut li sn phm khi cn thit, s dng sn phm, cung cp cc dch v theo yu cu, chp nhn cc iu khon ca cc dch v v ngng s dung sn phm khi ngng s dng dch v.

Qu trnh ky thut nh nghia cc hot ng h tr cc chc nng thuc t chc v d n ti u ha cc li ch v gim thiu cc ri ro pht sinh t cc quyt inh v cc hot ng k thut. Cc hot ng nay cho phep sn phm v dch v c tnh kp thi v tnh kh thi, chi ph hiu qu v tnh chc nng, tnh tin cy, kh nng bo tr, kh nng sn xut, tnh kh dng v cc tnh cht khc yu cu bi cc t chc mua v cung cp sn phm. Cc hot ng ny cng cho phep sn phm v dch v tun theo nhng mong i hoc yu cu hp php ca x hi, bao gm c sc khe, tin cy, tnh an ton v cc yu t mi trng.

Qu trnh k thut gm c cc qu trnh sau:

a) nh nghia cc yu cu ca bn lin quan (c th ha qu trnh nh ngha cc yu cu ca bn lin quan trong tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288);b) Phn tch cc yu cu h thng (c th ha qu trnh phn tch cc yu cu ca tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288);c) Thit k kin trc h thng (c th ha qu trnh thit k kin trc ca tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288);

d) Qu trnh trin khai (c th ha qu trnh trin khai ca tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288 v tip tc xy dng trong iu 7 ca tiu chun ny nh qu trnh trin khai phn mm);

e) Qu trnh tch hp h thng (c th ha qu trnh tch hp ca tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288);

f) Qu trnh kim tra cht lng h thng (qu trnh ny gp phn t c kt qu ca qu trnh xc minh ca tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288);

g) Qu trnh ci t phn mm (qu trnh ny gp phn t c kt qu ca qu trnh chuyn tip ca tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288);

h) Qu trnh h tr tip nhn phn mm (qu trnh ny gp phn t c kt qu qu trnh chuyn tip ca tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288);

i) Qu trnh vn hnh phn mm (c th ha qu trnh vn hnh ca tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288);

j) Qu trnh bo tr phn mm (c th ha qu trnh bo tr ca tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288);

k) Qu trnh huy bo phn mm (c th ha qu trnh huy bo ca tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288).

Nhn chung, qu trnh k thut trong tiu chun ny l s ng gp hoc cc c th ha tng thch phn mm vo kt qu ca cc qu trnh k thut c cung cp trong tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288. Nhiu qu trnh c xem tng t nh cc qu trnh trin khai phn mm, nhng vn bo ton cc c tnh ring ch yu, nh phn tch cc yu cu h thng v phn tch cc yu cu phn mm bt u t cc im khc bit v c i tng c khc nhau.

5.2.2.2 Cc qu trnh phn mm c th5.2.2.2.1 Qu trnh trin khai phn mm

Qu trnh trin khai phn mm c s dng a ra mt thnh phn h thng c th (thnh phn phn mm) c trin khai trong phn mm. Qu trnh chuyn i cch x l, cc giao din v cc rng buc trin khai cu th thnh cc hot ng trin khai tao ra trong mt thnh phn h thng p ng c cc yu cu xut pht t cc yu cu h thng.

Qu trnh bo v l qu trnh trin khai phn mm, l mt c th ha phn mm c th ca qu trnh trin khai trong tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288.

Qu trnh trin khai phn mm c cc qu trnh mc thp phn mm c th sau:

a) Qu trnh phn tch cc yu cu phn mm;

b) Qu trnh thit k kin trc phn mm;

c) Qu trnh thit k phn mm chi tit;

d) Qu trnh xy dng phn mm;

e) Qu trnh tch hp phn mm;

f) Qu trnh kim tra cht lng phn mm.

5.2.2.2.2 Qu trnh h tr phn mm

Qu trnh h tr phn mm cung cp mt tp cc hot ng trng tm xac inh cho vic thc hin qu trnh phn mm c th ha. Qu trnh h tr gip qu trnh trin khai phn mm nh mt phn tch hp vi mt mc ch nht nh, gp phn vo thnh cng v cht lng ca d n phn mm. C tm qu trnh:

a) Qu trnh qun l ti liu hng dn phn mm;

b) Qu trnh qun l cu hnh phn mm;

c) Qu trnh m bo cht lng phn mm;

d) Qu trnh xc minh phn mm;

e) Qu trnh xc nhn phn mm;

f) Qu trnh sot xt phn mm;

g) Qu trnh kim tra phn mm;

h) Qu trnh gii quyt vn phn mm.

5.2.2.2.3 Qu trnh ti s dng phn mm

Nhm qu trnh ti s dng phn mm gm c ba qu trnh h tr kh nng ca t chc ti s dng cc thnh phn phn mm qua cc gii hn ca d n. Cc qu trnh l duy nht bi v chng hoat ng ngoi gii hn ca bt k d n c th no.

Cc qu trnh ti s dng phn mm:

a) Qu trnh k thut min;

b) Qu trnh qun l ti sn ti s dng;

c) Qu trnh qun l chng trnh ti s dng.

5.2.3 M hnh tham chiu qu trnh

Ph lc B nh ngha mt m hnh tham chiu qu trnh mc tru tng cao hn so vi m hinh tham chiu cua cc yu cu chi tit c bao gm trong ni dung chnh ca tiu chun ny. M hnh tham chiu qu trnh c kh nng p dng i vi t chc ang nh gi cc qu trnh xac nh kh nng ca cc qu trnh nay. Mc ch v kt qu l ban k cac muc tiu thc hin cua mi qu trnh. Bang k cac muc tiu nay cho php nh gi tnh hiu qu ca qu trnh theo nhng cch khc nhau hn l theo s nh gi tun thu n gin. V d, cc nh ngha qu trnh mi c th c nh gi da vo cc ban k mc ch v kt qu trong ph lc B ch khng da vo cc iu khon chi tit trong ni dung chnh ca tiu chun ny.

CH THCH 1: Trong tiu chun ny, thut ng m hnh tham chiu qu trnh c s dng vi cng ngha nh tiu chun ISO/IEC 15504-2.

CH THCH 2: M hnh tham chiu qu trnh c nhm mc ch s dng cho vic pht trin m hnh nh gi nh gi cc qu trnh s dng tiu chun ISO/IEC 15504-2.

6 Cc qu trnh vng i h thng

6.1 Qu trnh tha thun

6.1.1 Qu trnh mua sn phm

6.1.1.1 Mc ch

Mc ch ca qu trnh mua sn phm l thu c sn phm v/hoc dch v ma p ng nhu cu c bn mua sn phm a ra. Qu trnh ny bt u vi vic nhn bit cc nhu cu ca khch hng v kt thc bng vic tip nhn sn phm v/hoc dch v c yu cu bi bn mua sn phm.

6.1.1.2 Kt quCac kt qu trin khai thnh cng ca qu trnh mua sn phm gm:

a) Cc nhu cu mua sn phm, mc tiu, tiu chi chp nhn sn phm v/hoc dch v v chin lc mua sn phm c nh ngha;

b) Tha thun c pht trin th hin r rng mong mun, cc trch nhim v tnh php l ca c bn mua sn phm v nh cung cp;

c) Mt hoc nhiu nh cung cp c la chn;

d) Sn phm v/hoc dch v c mua phai tha mn nhu cu xac nh ca bn mua sn phm;

e) Vic mua sn phm c gim st cc rng buc c th nh: chi ph, tin k hoch v cht lng c p ng;

f) Cc hng mc chuyn giao ca nh cung cp c chp nhn;g) Bt k thanh phn m rng nao xac inh u c s gii quyt tha ng nh a tha thun bi bn mua sn phm v nh cung cp.

6.1.1.3 Cc hot ng v nhim v

Bn mua sn phm se trin khai cc hot ng sau phu hp vi cc th tc v chnh sch ca t chc c kh nng p dng lin quan ti qu trnh mua sn phm.

CH THCH: Cc hot ng v nhim v trong qu trnh ny c th p dng i vi mt hoc nhiu nh cung cp.

6.1.1.3.1 Chun b mua sn phmHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:6.1.1.3.1.1 Bn mua sn phm bt u qu trnh mua sn phm bng vic m t tng hoc nhu cu mua, pht trin hoc nng cp mt h thng, sn phm phn mm hoc dch v phn mm.

6.1.1.3.1.2 Bn mua sn phm se nh ngha v phn tch cc yu cu h thng. Cc yu cu h thng nn bao gm yu cu cua doanh nghip, t chc v ngi s dng cng nh cc yu cu bo m tin cy, tnh an ton v mc ri ro khc theo cc th tc, tiu chun tun th, kim tra v thit k lin quan.

6.1.1.3.1.3 Bn mua sn phm c th t thc hin nh ngha v phn tch cc yu cu phn mm hoc c th thu nh cung cp thc hin nhim v .

6.1.1.3.1.4 Nu bn mua sn phm thu nh cung cp thc hin phn tch cc yu cu h thng hoc phn mm, th bn mua sn phm se thu chuyn gia ph chun cc yu cu a phn tch.

6.1.1.3.1.5 Cc qu trnh k thut (mc 6.4) nn c s dng thc hin cc nhim v trong mc 6.1.1.3.1.2 v 6.1.1.3.1.4. Bn mua sn phm c th s dng qu trnh nh ngha cc yu cu ca bn lin quan thit lp cc yu cu ca khch hng.

6.1.1.3.1.6 Bn mua sn phm se xem xt cc phng n cho vic mua sn phm da vo vic phn tch cc tiu chi ph hp bao gm ri ro, chi ph v cc li ch cho mi phng n. Cc phng n gm c:

a) Mua sn phm phn mm sn sng ph bin v thng mi ha p ng c cc yu cu;b) Pht trin sn phm phn mm hoc thu c dch v phn mm mt cach ni b;c) Pht trin sn phm phn mm hoc thu c dch v phn mm thng qua hp ng;d) Kt hp c phng n a, b v c nu trn;e) Nng cp sn phm phn mm hoc dch v c sn.

6.1.1.3.1.7 Khi mua sn phm phn mm sn sng ph bin v thng mi ha, bn mua sn phm se phi m bo cc iu kin sau c p ng:

a) Cc yu cu cho sn phm phn mm phi c p ng;b) Ti liu hng dn c yu cu l phi c sn;c) S hu c quyn, kh nng s dng, ng s hu, giy bo hnh v bn quyn phi c p ng;d) Co k hoach cho vic bo hnh sn phm phn mm.

6.1.1.3.1.8 Bn mua sn phm nn chun b, ti liu ha v thc thi k hoch mua sn phm. K hoch nn bao gm nh sau:

a) Cc yu cu cho h thng;b) Cng vic xac inh ca h thng;c) Loi hnh hp ng c s dng;d) Cc trch nhim ca cc t chc c lin quan;e) Khai nim h tr c s dng;f) Cc ri ro c xem nh cc phng php qun l cc ri ro.

6.1.1.3.1.9 Bn mua sn phm se nh ngha v ti liu ha cc iu kin v chin lc c chp nhn.

6.1.1.3.1.10 Bn mua sn phm nn ti liu ha cc yu cu mua sn phm (v d: yu cu i vi xut), ni dung trong ph thuc vo phng n mua sn phm c la chn trong mc 6.1.1.3.1.6. Ti liu hng dn mua sn phm nn tnh n khi thy thch hp:

a) Cc yu cu h thng;b) Phm vi;c) Bn hng dn cho cc nh u thu;d) Danh sch cc sn phm phn mm;e) Cc iu khon v cc iu kin;f) Kim sot cc hp ng ph;g) Cc rng buc k thut (v d: mi trng mc tiu).6.1.1.3.1.11 Bn mua sn phm nn xac nh qu trnh nao ca tiu chun ny l thch hp cho vic mua sn phm v ch r bt k cc yu cu ca bn mua sn phm no i vi vic sa i cc qu trnh . Bn mua sn phm nn chi ro nu bt k mt qu trnh no trong cc qu trnh c cc bn tham gia khc vi nh cung cp thc hin, nhng nh cung cp c th xc nh cch tip cn cho vic h tr cng vic ca cc bn tham gia khc theo cc xut ca h. Bn mua sn phm se ch r phm vi ca cc nhim v trong hp ng.

6.1.1.3.1.12 Ti liu hng dn mua sn phm cng se inh nghia cc ct mc hp ng m tin ca nh cung cp c xem xt v kim tra nh mt phn trong vic gim st mua sn phm (xem mc 7.2.6 v 7.2.7).6.1.1.3.1.13 Cc yu cu mua sn phm nn c chuyn n t chc c la chn cho vic thc hin hot ng mua sn phm.

6.1.1.3.2 Thng bo mua sn phm Hot ng ny bao gm nhim v sau:

6.1.1.3.2.1 Bn mua sn phm se gi thng tin yu cu cung cp sn phm hoc dch v n nhng nh cung cp c xac inh.

CH THCH: iu ny c th bao gm vic hp tc qun l chui cung ng thc hin trao i thng tin vi bn mua sn phm v nhng nh cung cp c lin quan t c cch tip cn chung hoc hp l i vi cc vn thng mi v k thut chung.6.1.1.3.3 La chn nh cung cp Hot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.1.1.3.3.1 Bn mua sn phm nn thit lp mt th tc cho vic la chn nh cung cp bao gm c vic hiu chnh b sung ph hp vi cac yu cu va tiu chi nh gi xut.

6.1.1.3.3.2 Bn mua sn phm nn la chn nh cung cp da trn vic nh gi cc kh nng, xut ca nhng nh cung cp theo cc iu kin v chin lc ca bn mua sn phm.

6.1.1.3.4 Tha thun hp ngHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.1.1.3.4.1 Trc khi quyt nh hp ng, bn mua sn phm c th bao gm cc bn tham gia khc, gm c nh cung cp tim nng hoc bt ky bn th ba cn thit nao (nh bn qun l), trong vic xac nh cc yu cu ca bn mua sn phm sa i tiu chun ny cho d n. Trong vic a ra quyt nh ny, bn mua sn phm phi xem xt nh hng ca cc yu cu sa i theo cc qu trnh t chc c tha nhn ca nh cung cp. Bn mua sn phm phi tnh n hoc tham chiu n cac yu cu sa i trong hp ng.

6.1.1.3.4.2 Bn mua sn phm sau phi chun b v m phn hp ng vi nh cung cp giai quyt cc yu cu mua sn phm (bao gm c chi ph v tin ) ca dich vu hoc sn phm phn mm c chuyn giao. Bn hp ng phi ch ra s hu c quyn, kh nng s dng, ng s hu, giy bo hnh v bn quyn lin quan n cc sn phm phn mm sn sng ph bin v thng mi ha c kh nng ti s dng.

6.1.1.3.4.3 Mt khi hp ng ang thc hin, bn mua sn phm phi kim sot s thay i hp ng thng qua vic m phn vi nh cung cp nh mt phn ca c ch kim sot s thay i. Cc thay i ca hp ng phi c kho st s tc ng ca n n tin , cht lng, cc li ch, chi ph v k hoch d n.

CH THCH 1: Bn mua sn phm xac nh mt trong hai thut ng hp ng hoc tha thun c s dng trong vic p dng tiu chun ny.

CH THCH 2: S tha thun gia bn mua sn phm v nh cung cp nn m ta mt cach r rng mong mun, trch nhim v tnh php l ca c hai bn.

CH THCH 3: C ch kim sot thay i hp ng nn ch ra trch nhim v vai tr qun l s thay i; mc theo ng th tc vi vic m phn hp ng, cc yu cu thay i c xut v thng tin n cc bn lin quan b nh hng. 6.1.1.3.5 Gim st tha thunHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.1.1.3.5.1 Bn mua sn phm phi gim st cc hot ng ca nh cung cp theo qu trnh sot xt phn mm (mc 7.2.6) v qu trnh kim tra phn mm (mc 7.2.7). Bn mua sn phm nn b sung thm vic gim st qu trnh xc minh phn mm (mc 7.2.4) v qu trnh xc nhn phn mm (mc 7.2.5) khi cn thit.

6.1.1.3.5.2 Bn mua sn phm phi hp tc vi nh cung cp a ra tt c thng tin cn thit mt cch kp thi v gii quyt tt c cc vn con tn tai.

6.1.1.3.6 S tip nhn ca bn mua sn phmHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.1.1.3.6.1 Bn mua sn phm nn chun b vic tip nhn da trn tiu chi v chin lc xac nh. Bn mua cung nn chun b trc cc trng hp kim tra, d liu kim tra, phng php kim tra v mi trng kim tra. Ngoi ra, cung nn xac nh phm vi tham gia ca nh cung cp.

6.1.1.3.6.2 Bn mua sn phm phi tin hnh kim tra, xem xt tip nhn dich vu hoc sn phm phn mm v phi chp nhn n t nh cung cp khi tt c cc iu kin tip nhn c p ng. Th tc tip nhn nn tun theo cc quy nh ca mc 6.1.1.3.1.9.

6.1.1.3.6.3 Sau khi tip nhn, bn mua sn phm nn thc hin trch nhim qun l cu hnh ca sn phm phn mm o (xem mc 7.2.2).

CH THCH: Bn mua sn phm c th ci t sn phm phn mm hoc thc hin dch v phn mm theo cc hng dn c nh cung cp a ra.

6.1.1.3.7 ng tha thunHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.1.1.3.7.1 Bn mua sn phm phi thc hin thanh ton hoc a ra l do c chp thun khc ti nh cung cp i vi sn phm v dch v c giao.

CH THCH 1: Khi sn phm hoc dch v c cung cp a p ng c cc iu kin trong tha thun v cc iu khon m xac inh c hoan thanh mt cach tha ng, th bn mua sn phm gii quyt tha thun bng cach thc hin thanh toan hoc a ra l do c chp thun khc va thng bao ng tha thun.

CH THCH 2: Sn phm hoc dch v c th c cung cp thm v thanh ton hoc a ra l do c chp thun khc c th c thc hin vi s tng thm tng ng.

6.1.2 Qu trnh cung cp

6.1.2.1.Mc ch

Mc ch ca qu trnh cung cp l cung cp sn phm hoc dch v n bn mua sn phm, p ng c cc yu cu thoa thun.

6.1.2.2 Kt quKt qu trin khai thnh cng ca qu trnh cung cp gm:

a) Bn mua sn phm hoc dch v c nh ngha;

b) S p ng i vi yu cu ca bn mua sn phm c a ra;

c) Tha thun c thit lp gia bn mua sn phm v nh cung cp cho vic pht trin, bo tr, vn hnh, ng gi, chuyn giao v ci t sn phm v/hoc dch v;

d) Sn phm v/hoc dch v p ng c cc yu cu tha thun c nh cung cp pht trin;

e) Sn phm v/hoc dch v c chuyn giao ti bn mua sn phm ph hp vi cc yu cu tha thun;f) Sn phm c ci t ph hp vi cc yu cu tha thun.

6.1.2.3 Hot ng v nhim v

Nh cung cp se trin khai cc hoat ng sau ph hp vi cc th tc v chnh sch c t chc c kh nng p dng i vi qu trnh cung cp.

6.1.2.3.1 nh ngha thi cHot ng ny bao gm nhim v sau:

6.1.2.3.1.1 Nh cung cp nn xac nh s tn ti v nhn dang bn mua sn phm hoc i din cho mt t chc hoc nhiu t chc, c nhu cu v sn phm hoc dch v.

CH THCH: i vi sn phm hoc dch v c pht trin cho khch hng, i l, v d chc nng tip th bn trong t chc nh cung cp, c th i din cho bn mua sn phm.

6.1.2.3.2 u thu nh cung cpHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.1.2.3.2.1 Nh cung cp nn tin hnh cn nhc cc yu cu trong ngh mua sn phm co tinh n cc chnh sch t chc v cc quy nh khc.

6.1.2.3.2.2 Nh cung cp nn ra quyt nh u thu hoc tip nhn hp ng.

6.1.2.3.2.3 Nh cung cp se chun b xut cho vic p ng yu cu xut.

6.1.2.3.3 Tha thun hp ngHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.1.2.3.3.1 Nh cung cp se m phn v tham gia vo hp ng vi bn mua sn phm cung cp sn phm phn mm hoc dch v phn mm.

6.1.2.3.3.2 Nh cung cp c th yu cu chnh sa hp ng nh mt phn ca c ch kim sot thay i.

6.1.2.3.4 Thc thi hp ngHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.1.2.3.4.1 Nh cung cp se tin hnh xem xt cc yu cu mua sn phm nh ngha khung lam vic cho vic qun l v am bao d n v am bao cht lng ca sn phm phn mm hoc dch v phn mm c chuyn giao.

6.1.2.3.4.2 Nu nh khng c quy nh trong hp ng, nh cung cp se nh ngha hoc la chn mt m hnh vng i thch hp vi phm vi, tm quan trng v tnh phc tp ca d n. M hnh vng i se bao gm cc giai on cng vi mc ch v kt qu ca mi giai on . Cc qu trnh, cc hot ng v cc nhim v ca tiu chun ny phi c la chn v nh x ln trn m hnh vng i .

CH THCH: Mt cach l tng, iu ny c thc hin bng cch s dng mt m hnh vng i c nh ngha mt cach co t chc.

6.1.2.3.4.3 Nh cung cp phi thit lp cc yu cu cho cc k hoch qun l v am bao d n v am bao cht lng ca sn phm phn mm hoc dch v phn mm c chuyn giao. Cc yu cu cho cc k hoch nn bao gm cc nhu cu ti nguyn v s tham gia ca bn mua sn phm.

6.1.2.3.4.4 Khi cc yu cu lp k hoch c thit lp, nh cung cp se xem xt cc phng n pht trin sn phm phn mm hoc cung cp dch v phn mm da vo s phn tch cc ri ro lin quan ti mi phng n. Cc phng n ny gm c:

a) Pht trin sn phm phn mm hoc cung cp dch v phn mm s dng cc ti nguyn bn trong;b) Pht trin sn phm phn mm hoc cung cp dch v phn mm bng hp ng ph;c) Thu c cc sn phm phn mm sn sng ph bin v thng mi ha t cc ngun trong hoc ngun ngoi;d) Kt hp c phng n a, b v c nu trn.

6.1.2.3.4.5 Nh cung cp se pht trin v ti liu ha k hoch qun l d n da trn cc yu cu lp k hoch v cc phng n la chn trong mc 6.1.2.3.4.4.

CH THCH: Cc thanh phn cn c xem xt trong k hoch bao gm, nhng khng gii hn, nhng iu sau y:

a) Cu truc t chc d n cng nh thm quyn v trch nhim ca mi n v t chc, bao gm c cc t chc ngoi;b) Mi trng k thut (cho s pht trin, vn hnh hoc bo tr, khi c kh nng p dng) gm c mi trng kim tra, th vin, thit b, cc phng tin, cc tiu chun, cc th tc v cc cng c;c) Cu truc phn chia cng vic (bng cng vic) ca cc qu trnh vng i v cc hot ng, bao gm c cc sn phm phn mm, dch v phn mm v cc thanh phn khng th chuyn giao, c thc hin cng vi ngn sch, bin ch, cc ti nguyn vt l, quy m phn mm v cc lch trnh c lin kt vi cc nhim v;d) Qun l cc c tnh cht lng ca cc sn phm phn mm hoc dch v phn mm. Cc k hoch ring cho cht lng c th c pht trin;e) Qun l tin cy, tnh an ton v cc yu cu tiu chi khc ca cc sn phm phn mm hoc dch v phn mm. Cc k hoch ring bit cho tin cy va tnh an ton c th c pht trin;f) Qun l nh thu ph, bao gm c vic la chn nh thu ph v s gn kt gia nh thu ph v bn mua sn phm nu c;g) m bo cht lng (xem mc 7.2.3);h) Xc minh (xem mc 7.2.4) v xc nhn (xem mc 7.2.5), bao gm c s tip cn vi bn xc nhn v xc minh, nu c ch nh;

i) S tham gia ca bn mua sn phm, bng cc cch thc nh sot xt (xem mc 7.2.6), kim tra (xem mc 7.2.7), cac bui hop khng chinh thc, bo co, chnh sa v thay i, trin khai, chp thun, tip nhn v tip cn ti cc phng tin;j) S tham gia ca ngi s dng, bng cc cch thc nh thc hin thit lp cc yu cu, cc nh gi v cc thuyt minh mu kim tra;k) Qun l ri ro, c ngha l, qun l cc phm vi ca d n lin quan n k thut tim nng, chi ph hoc cac ri ro tin ;l) Chnh sch an ton, c ngha l, cc quy tc i vi cn bit v truy cp thng tin mi mc t chc d n;m) Chp thun c yu cu bng cc cch thc nh cc quy nh, chng chi c yu cu, s hu c quyn, kh nng s dng, ng s hu, giy bo hnh v bn quyn;

n) Cc phng tin lp k hoch, t hiu chnh v bo co;o) o to nhn lc (xem mc 6.2.4).

6.1.2.3.4.6 Nh cung cp se trin khai v thc thi k hoch qun l d n c pht trin trong mc 6.1.2.3.4.5.

6.1.2.3.4.7 Nh cung cp se:

a) Pht trin sn phm phn mm ph hp vi cc qu trnh k thut (mc 6.4);b) Vn hnh sn phm phn mm ph hp vi qu trnh vn hnh phn mm (mc 6.4.9);c) Bo tr sn phm phn mm ph hp vi qu trnh bo tr phn mm (mc 6.4.10).

6.1.2.3.4.8 Nh cung cp se gim st v kim sot tin v cht lng ca cc sn phm phn mm hoc dch v phn mm trong d n trong sut vng i k kt. iu ny se la nhim vu din ra lp i lp li, nhm cung cp cho:

a) Tin trinh gim st trong vic thc hin k thut, chi ph v tin cng vi bo co tnh trng ca d n;b) Xac inh vn , phn tch, ghi h s d liu v cach giai quyt.

6.1.2.3.4.9 Nh cung cp se qun l v kim sot cc nh thu ph ph hp vi qu trnh mua sn phm (mc 6.1.1). Nh cung cp se chp thun tt c yu cu hp ng cn thit bo m rng sn phn phn mm hoc dch v phn mm chuyn giao n bn mua sn phm c trin khai hoc thc hin ph hp vi cc yu cu trong hp ng gc.

6.1.2.3.4.10 Nh cung cp se giao tip vi i l kim tra, xc nhn hoc xc minh c lp nh c ch r trong hp ng v cc k hoch d n.

6.1.2.3.4.11 Nh cung cp se giao tip vi cc bn tham gia khc nh c ch r trong hp ng v cc k hoch d n.

6.1.2.3.4.12 Nh cung cp nn sp xp cc hot ng sot xt hp ng, cc giao tip v thng bao n t chc mua sn phm.

6.1.2.3.4.13 Nh cung cp se tin hnh hoc h tr cc cuc hop khng chinh thc, sot xt chp thun, kim tra chp thun, cc nh gi chung v kim tra i vi bn mua sn phm nh ch r trong hp ng v cc k hoch d n. Cc nh gi chung se c tin hnh ph hp vi mc 7.2.6, cc kim tra ph hp vi mc 7.2.7.

6.1.2.3.4.14 Nh cung cp nn thc hin xc minh v xc nhn ph hp vi mc 7.2.4 v 7.2.5 tng ng chng minh rng cc sn phm phn mm hoc cc dch v phn mm v cc qu trnh p ng hon ton tng yu cu mong i ca h.

6.1.2.3.4.15 Nh cung cp se cung cp cho bn mua sn phm cc bo co nh gi, sot xt, kim tra, th nghim v cc phng thc gii quyt vn nh ch r trong hp ng.

6.1.2.3.4.16 Nh cung cp se cung cp cho bn mua sn phm tip cn ti phng tin ca nh cung cp v nh thu ph sot xt cc sn phm phn mm hoc cc dch v phn mm nh ch r trong hp ng v cc k hoch d n.

6.1.2.3.4.17 Nh cung cp se thc hin cc hot ng m bo cht lng ph hp vi mc 7.2.3.

6.1.2.3.5 H tr v chuyn giao sn phm/dch vHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.1.2.3.5.1 Nh cung cp se chuyn giao sn phm phn mm hoc dch v phn mm nh ch r trong hp ng.

CH THCH: Khi c yu cu trongi tha thun, nh cung cp nn ci t sn phm ph hp vi cc yu cu c thit lp.

6.1.2.3.5.2 Nh cung cp se cung cp s h tr n bn mua sn phm giup chuyn giao sn phm phn mm hoc dch v phn mm nh ch r trong hp ng.

6.1.2.3.6 ng hp ngHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.1.2.3.6.1 Nh cung cp se chp thun v nhn thanh ton hoc l do c chp thun khc.

6.1.2.3.6.2 Nh cung cp se chuyn trch nhim vi sn phm hoc dch v ti bn mua sn phm hoc bn tham gia khc, nh hng dn trong hp ng.

CH THCH: Tha thun nn a ra cc iu khon v thm quyn tin hnh ng d n.

6.2 Cc qu trnh h tr d n ca t chc

6.2.1 Qu trnh qun l m hnh vng i

6.2.1.1 Mc ch

Mc ch ca qu trnh qun l m hnh vng i l nh ngha, duy tr v am bao tnh kh dung ca cc chnh sch, cc qu trnh vng i, m hnh vng i v cc th tc cho vic s dng bi t chc c lin quan ti phm vi ca tiu chun ny.

Qu trnh nay cung cp cc thu tuc, qua trinh va chinh sach vong i ph hp vi mc tiu ca ca t chc, cng nh c nh ngha, thich ng, cai thin v duy tr h tr cc nhu cu d n ring bit trong ng cnh mt t chc v c kh nng c p dng s dng cac cng cu va phng phap hiu qu, a c minh chng.

6.2.1.2 Kt quKt qu trin khai thnh cng ca qu trnh qun l m hnh vng i gm:

a) Cc chnh sch v th tc cho vic qun l v pht trin cc qua trinh va cac m hnh vng i c cung cp;

b) Trch nhim, trch nhim gii trnh v thm quyn i vi qun l vng i c nh ngha;

c) Cc thu tuc, m hinh va qu trnh vng i c t chc s dng, c nh ngha, duy tr v hon thin;d) Cc ci tin cho qu trnh u tin c trin khai.

6.2.1.3 Hot ng v nhim v

T chc se trin khai cc hot ng sau ph hp vi cc th tc v chnh sch c t chc c kh nng p dng co lin quan ti qu trnh qun l m hnh vng i.

6.2.1.3.1 Thit lp qu trnhHot ng ny bao gm nhim v sau:

6.2.1.3.1.1 T chc se thit lp mt tp cc qu trnh thuc t chc cho tt c cc qu trnh vng i phn mm v m hnh vng i nh p dng vi cc hot ng kinh doanh ca ho. Qu trnh v ng dng ca chng theo cc trng hp c th se c ti liu ha trong sch bo xut bn ca t chc. Khi thch hp, c ch kim sot qu trnh nn c thit lp pht trin, gim st, kim sot v ci tin qu trnh.

CH THCH: Thit lp c ch kim sot qu trnh bao gm nh ngha trch nhim, trch nhim gii trnh v thm quyn i vi qun l vng i.

6.2.1.3.2 nh gi qu trnhHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.2.1.3.2.1 T chc nn pht trin, ti liu ha v p dng th tc nh gi qu trnh. Cc h s ghi nh gi nn c a ra v duy tr.

6.2.1.3.2.2 T chc se lp k hoch v tin hnh sot xt cc qu trnh vi cc khong thi gian thch hp bo m duy tr tinh ph hp v hiu qu ca chng di s chn thc ca kt qu nh gi.

6.2.1.3.3 Ci tin qu trnhHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.2.1.3.3.1 T chc se thc hin cc ci tin i vi cc qu trnh bi v t chc o xac nh l cn thit nh kt qu ca s sot xt v nh gi qu trnh. Ti liu hng dn qu trnh nn c cp nht tham chiu s ci tin trong cc qu trnh t chc.

6.2.1.3.3.2 D liu nh gi, k thut v lch s nn c tp hp v phn tch t c s hiu bit v cc u im v nhc im ca cc qu trnh c s dng. Cc phn tch ny nn c s dng nh s phn hi ci tin cc qu trnh , khuyn ngh thay i trong ch dn ca d n (hoc cc d n pht sinh) v xac nh cc nhu cu thc y cng ngh.

6.2.1.3.3.3 D liu chi ph cht lng nn c tp hp, duy tr v s dng ci tin cc qu trnh cua t chc o nh mt hot ng qun l. Cc d liu se p ng c mc ch thit lp chi ph cho c vic phong nga v gii quyt cc vn va s khng ph hp trong cc sn phm phn mm v dch v phn mm.

6.2.2 Qu trnh qun l c s h tng6.2.2.1 Mc ch

Mc ch ca qu trnh qun l c s h tng l cung cp cc dch v v c s h tng h tr cho d n nhm h tr mc tiu ca d n v t chc t u ti cui vng i.

Qu trnh ny nh ngha, cung cp v duy tr cc phng tin, cc cng c, va tai san cng ngh thng tin va truyn thng cn thit cho vic kinh doanh ca t chc trong phm vi ca tiu chun ny.

6.2.2.2 Kt quKt qu trin khai thnh cng ca qu trnh qun l c s h tng gm:

a) Cc yu cu cho c s h tng h tr cc qu trnh c nh ngha;

b) Cc thnh phn c s h tng c nhn bit v ch r;

c) Cc thnh phn c s h tng c mua;

d) Cc thnh phn c s h tng c trin khai;e) C s h tng ng tin cy, n nh c duy tr v ci tin.

CH THCH: Cc thnh phn c s h tng c th bao gm phn cng, phn mm, cc phng php, cng c, k thut, tiu chun v cc phng tin cho s pht trin, vn hnh hoc duy tr.

6.2.2.3 Hot ng v nhim v

T chc se trin khai cc hot ng sau phu hp vi cc th tc v chnh sch c t chc c kh nng p dng trong qu trnh qun l c s h tng.

6.2.2.3.1 Trin khai qu trnhHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.2.2.3.1.1 C s h tng nn c nh ngha v ti liu ha p ng cc yu cu ca qu trnh s dung qu trnh nay, xem xt cc k thut, cng c, tiu chun v th tc c kh nng p dng.

6.2.2.3.1.2 Vic thit lp c s h tng nn c lp k hoch v ti liu ha.

6.2.2.3.2 Thit lp c s h tngHot ng ny bao gm cc hot ng sau:

6.2.2.3.2.1 Vic cu hnh c s h tng nn c lp k hoch v ti liu ha. Chc nng, kh nng thc hin, tin cy, tnh an ton, tnh kh dng, cc yu cu khng gian, thit b, cc chi ph v cc rng buc thi gian nn c xem xt.

6.2.2.3.2.2 C s h tng se c thit lp trong thi gian thc thi ca qu trnh lin quan.

6.2.2.3.3 Bo tr c s h tngHot ng ny bao gm nhim v sau:

6.2.2.3.3.1 C s h tng se c bo tr, gim st v chnh sa khi cn m bo rng c s h tng tip tc p ng cc yu cu ca qu trnh s dung qu trnh nay. Nh mt phn ca vic bo tr c s h tng, phm vi m c s h tng thuc s qun l cu hnh se c nh ngha.

6.2.3 Qu trnh qun l danh mc d n6.2.3.1 Mc ch

Mc ch ca qu trnh qun l danh mc d n l khi tao v duy tr cc d n cn thit, hiu qua v ph hp p ng cc mc tiu chin lc ca t chc.

Qu trnh ny cam kt u t cc ti nguyn v kinh ph t chc ph hp v ban hnh cc thm quyn cn thit thit lp cc d n c la chon. Qu trnh ny thc hin kh nng duy tr cht lng cc d n xc nhn rng chng bo m hoc c th c thc hin li bo m, s u t c duy tr.

6.2.3.2 Kt quKt qu trin khai thnh cng ca qu trnh qun l danh mc d n gm:

a) Cc c hi kinh doanh, cac u t hoc nhng th cn thit c xac inh ro, c u tin v c la chn;

b) Cc ti nguyn v ngn sch cho mi d n c xac nh v cp phat;

c) Cc thm quyn v trch nhim gii trnh qun l d n c nh ngha;

d) Cc d n p ng cc yu cu ca bn lin quan v ban tha thun c chp nhn;e) Cc d n khng p ng cc yu cu ca bn lin quan hoc ban tha thun c thc hin li hoc chm dt.

6.2.3.3 Hot ng v nhim v

T chc se trin khai cc hot ng v nhim v sau ph hp vi cc th tc v chnh sch c t chc c kh nng p dng trong qu trnh qun l danh mc d n.

6.2.3.3.1 Khi to d nHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.2.3.3.1.1 T chc se xac nh, u tin, la chn v thit lp cc c hi kinh doanh mi, cc lin doanh hoc doanh nghip theo mt cch ph hp vi chin lc kinh doanh v k hoch hot ng ca t chc o.

CH THCH: u tin d n c khi tao v thit lp cc ngng gii hn xac nh d n nao s c thc thi.

6.2.3.3.1.2 T chc se nh ngha cc trch nhim gii trnh v thm quyn cho mi d n.

6.2.3.3.1.3 T chc se xac nh kt qu c k vng ca cc d n.

6.2.3.3.1.4 T chc se phn phi cc ti nguyn at c mc tiu d n.

6.2.3.3.1.5 T chc se xac nh bt ky giao din a d n nao phai c d n qun l v h tr.

CH THCH: iu ny bao gm cch s dng cc h thng phu tr va cac thanh phn h thng chung c s dng nhiu hn trong mt d n.

6.2.3.3.1.6 T chc se ch r cc mc sot xt v cc yu cu bo co ca d n s gy nh hng ti s thc thi ca d n.

6.2.3.3.1.7 T chc se cp php cho d n bt u thc thi cc k hoch d n c ph chun, bao gm c cc k hoch k thut.

6.2.3.3.2 nh gi danh mc u tHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.2.3.3.2.1 T chc se nh gi cc d n ang din ra khng inh rng:

a) Cc d n ang thc hin tin t c mc ch thit lp;b) Cc d n ang thc hin tun theo ch dn d n;c) Cc d n ang c tin hnh theo cc th tc v k hoch vng i h thng;d) Cc d n vn con tn tai, theo nh ch nh bi nhu cu duy tr dch v, vic trin khai sn phm thc t hoc cc li ch u t c th chp nhn c.

6.2.3.3.2.2 T chc se tc ng duy tr hoc thc hin li d n ang thc hin tt hoc d n c th c mong i la thc hin tt bng vic thc hin li thch hp.

6.2.3.3.3 ng d nHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.2.3.3.3.1 T chc phi tc ng chm dt hoc inh chi d n khi mc kh khn hay ri ro anh hng n t chc o ln hn li ch u t tip tc, nu tha thun cho php iu o.

6.2.3.3.3.2 Sau khi hon thnh tha thun i vi cc sn phm v dch v, t chc phi thc hin ng d n da vo ban tha thun va cc th tc, chnh sch ca t chc.

CH THCH 1: T chc m bo rng vic t chc vn ghi chep vic lu gi ti liu hng dn sau khi d n c ng.

CH THCH 2: Sau khi ng d n, t chc c th cho php loai bo d n o khoi danh mc d n.

6.2.4 Qu trnh qun l ngun nhn lc

6.2.4.1 Mc ch

Mc ch ca qu trnh qun l ngun nhn lc l cung cp cho t chc ngun nhn lc cn thit v duy tr nng lc ca h, ph hp vi nhu cu kinh doanh.

Qu trnh m bo vic cung cp ngun cung ng nhn lc c kinh nghim v k nng kh nng thc hin cc qu trnh vng i at c cc mc tiu cua khch hng, cua d n v cua t chc.

6.2.4.2 Kt qu

Kt qu trin khai thnh cng ca qu trnh qun l ngun nhn lc gm:

a) Cc k nng c cc d n yu cu c xac nh;

b) Ngun nhn lc cn thit c cung cp ti cc d n;

c) Cc k nng ca nhn vin c pht trin, duy tr hoc nng cp;

d) Cc xung t trong cc nhu cu ngun lc a d n c gii quyt;e) Cc k nng, thng tin v tri thc c nhn c tng hp, chia s, ti s dng v ci tin xuyn sut t chc.

6.2.4.3 Hot ng v nhim vT chc phi trin khai cc hot ng sau ph hp vi cc th tc v chnh sch c t chc c kh nng p dng trong qu trnh qun l ngun nhn lc:

6.2.4.3.1 Nhn dang k nngHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.2.4.3.1.1 Vic xem xt cc yu cu d n v t chc phi c tin hnh thit lp v thc hin cung cp kp thi cho vic mua hoc pht trin cc ngun lc v k nng c yu cu bi nhn vin k thut v qun l. Cc nhu cu ny c th c p ng thng qua o to, tuyn dng hoc c ch pht trin nhn s khc.

6.2.4.3.1.2 Cc loi hnh v mc ca o to v tri thc cn thit p ng cc yu cu d n v t chc se c xac nh.

6.2.4.3.2 Pht trin k nngHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.2.4.3.2.1 K hoch o to, tin trin khai, yu cu ngun lc v nhu cu o to, nn c trinh bay v ti liu ha.

6.2.4.3.2.2 Sch hng dn o to, bao gm c ti liu trnh by c s dng trong vic cung cp qu trnh o to nn c pht trin hoc mua li.

6.2.4.3.2.3 K hoch o to se c trin khai cung cp qu trnh o to ti nhn vin. Cc h s lu tr qu trnh o to nn c duy tr.

6.2.4.3.3 S chun b v thu nhn k nngHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.2.4.3.3.1 Thit lp chng trnh c h thng cho vic tuyn dng nhn s co kh nng p ng cc nhu cu ca t chc v cc d n. To c hi cho s pht trin s nghip ca nhn vin hin thi.

6.2.4.3.3.2 nh ngha tiu chi khch quan c th c s dng nh gi thnh tch ca nhn vin.

6.2.4.3.3.3 nh gi thnh tch ca nhn vin trn phng din nhng ng gp ca h cho cc mc ch ca t chc hoc d n.

6.2.4.3.3.4 m bo rng thng tin phn hi c cung cp ti nhn vin da trn kt qu ca bt ky nh gi nao c thc hin.

6.2.4.3.3.5 Duy tr cc h s lu tr y thnh tch ca nhn vin bao gm c thng tin v cc k nng, qu trnh o to hoan thanh v nh gi thnh tch.

6.2.4.3.3.6 nh ngha nhu cu ca d n v ca t chc cho cc nhm d n. nh ngha cc quy tc hoat ng v cu truc nhm d n .

CH THCH: Cc xung t trong nhu cu ngun lc a d n nn c gii quyt.

6.2.4.3.3.7 Trao quyn cho cc nhm thc hin vai tr ca h bng cch m bo cc nhm c:

a) S hiu bit v vai tr ca h trong d n o;b) Cach nhn chung hoc thc mi quan tm chung v s thnh cng ca d n;c) Cc phng tin hoc c ch ph hp cho vic thng tin v tng tc gia cc nhm;d) S h tr t vic qun l ph hp hon thnh cc yu cu d n.

6.2.4.3.3.8 Nn c m bo rng quyn li tham gia v cc loi hnh ca nhn vin c o to mt cch thch hp la c sn cho cc nhim v v hot ng c lp k hoch mt cch kp thi.

6.2.4.3.4 Qun l tri thcHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.2.4.3.4.1 T chc phi lp cc yu cu cho vic qun l ti sn tri thc ca t chc. Vic lp k hoch nay se bao gm inh nghia c s ha tng va qu trnh o to h tr ngi cng tac v ngi s dng ti sn tri thc ca t chc o, gm s phn loai cho vic anh gia o va cac tiu chi anh gia.

6.2.4.3.4.2 T chc phi thit lp mt mng li chuyn gia bn trong t chc. Mng li ny se bao gm vic nhn bit cc chuyn gia ca t chc, danh sch lnh vc ca h v nhn bit thng tin c sn bn trong s phn loi, v d: lnh vc tri thc. T chc phi m bo rng mng li c duy tr tha nhn.

6.2.4.3.4.3 T chc phi thit lp c ch h tr trao i thng tin gia cc chuyn gia v lung thng tin gim nh t cc d n ca t chc. C ch ny se h tr cc yu cu sa i, lu tr v truy cp ca t chc.

6.2.4.3.4.4 T chc phi tin hnh qun l cu hnh, ti sn ph hp vi qu trnh qun l cu hnh c ch nh trong mc 6.4.2.

6.2.4.3.4.5 T chc phi nm bt v duy tr thng tin truy cp i vi mi k hoch.

6.2.5 Qu trnh qun l cht lng

6.2.5.1 Mc ch

Mc ch ca qu trnh qun l cht lng l m bo rng cc sn phm, dch v v vic trin khai cc qu trnh vng i p ng cc mc tiu cht lng ca t chc v t c s hi lng ca khch hng.

6.2.5.2 Kt quKt qu trin khai thnh cng ca qu trnh qun l cht lng gm:

a) Cc th tc v cc chnh sch qun l cht lng ca t chc c nh ngha;

b) Cc mc tiu cht lng ca t chc c nh ngha;

c) Trch nhim gii trnh v thm quyn cho vic qun l cht lng c nh ngha;

d) Trng thi hi lng ca khch hng c gim st;e) Hot ng thch hp c thc hin khi cc mc tiu cht lng khng t c.

6.2.5.3 Hot ng v nhim vT chc phi trin khai cc hot ng v nhim v ph hp vi cc th tc v chnh sch c t chc c kh nng p dng trong qu trnh qun l cht lng.

6.2.5.3.1 Qun l cht lngHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.2.5.3.1.1 T chc phi thit lp cc th tc, tiu chun v chnh sch qun l cht lng.

CH THCH 1: M hnh qu trnh cho h thng qun l cht lng c th c tm thy trong tiu chun ISO 9001:2000. i vi t chc c mong mun lm cho tiu chun ISO 9001:2000 tin xa hn, trong mc ch ci tin lin tc v hiu sut, hng dn c cung cp trong tiu chun ISO 9004:2000.

CH THCH 2: Hng dn cho vic p dng tiu chun ISO 9001:2000 i vi phn mm c th c tm thy trong tiu chun ISO/IEC 90003:2004.

6.2.5.3.1.2 T chc phi thit lp cc mc tiu v mc ch qun l cht lng cua t chc da trn chin lc kinh doanh vi mc ch l s hi lng ca khch hng.

6.2.5.3.1.3 T chc phi nh ngha cc trch nhim v thm quyn i vi vic trin khai qu trnh qun l cht lng.6.2.5.3.1.4 T chc phi nh gi va bo co mc hi lng ca khch hng.

CH THCH: Vic trin khai tiu chun ny cung cp cho t chc mt cch tip cn t c s hi lng ca khch hng.

6.2.5.3.1.5 T chc phi tin hnh sot xt nh k i vi cc k hoch cht lng ca d n.

CH THCH: m bo rng cc mc tiu cht lng da trn cc yu cu ca bn lin quan c thit lp cho mi d n.

6.2.5.3.1.6 T chc phi gim st tnh trng ci tin cht lng trn cc sn phm v dch v.

6.2.5.3.2 Hot ng hiu chnh qun l cht lngHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.2.5.3.2.1 T chc phi a ra cc hot ng hiu chnh khi cc mc ch qun l cht lng khng t c.

6.2.5.3.2.2 T chc phi trin khai cc hot ng hiu chnh v truyn t kt qu thng qua t chc.

6.3 Qu trnh d n

6.3.1 Qu trnh lp k hoch d n

6.3.1.1 Mc ch

Muc ch ca qu trnh lp k hoch d n l a ra v truyn t cc k hoch d n c kh nng thc hin v c hiu qu.

Qua trinh ny xac nh phm vi qun l d n v cc hot ng k thut, nhn bit kt qu qu trnh, nhim v d n v hng mc chuyn giao, thit lp lch trnh cho vic tin hanh nhim v d n, bao gm c tiu chi t c v ti nguyn c yu cu hon thnh nhim v d n.

6.3.1.2 Kt quKt qu trin khai ca qu trnh lp k hoch d n gm:

a) Phm vi cng vic cho d n c nh ngha;

b) Tnh kh thi t c cc mc ch ca d n vi cc rng buc v ti nguyn c sn c nh gi;

c) Cc nhim v v ti nguyn cn thit hon thnh cng vic c inh c v c nh gi;

d) Cc giao din gia cc thnh phn trong d n v vi cc n v t chc v d n khc, c nh ngha;

e) K hoch cho vic thc thi d n c pht trin;f) K hoch cho vic thc thi d n c khi ng.6.3.1.3 Hot ng v nhim vBn qun l se trin khai cc hot ng sau ph hp vi cc th tc v chnh sch c t chc c kh nng p dng trong qu trnh lp k hoch d n:

6.3.1.3.1 Khi to d nHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.3.1.3.1.1 Bn qun l se thit lp cc yu cu ca d n c am nhn.

CH THCH: Thit lp cc yu cu bao gm nhn bit cc gii hn, cc ng c thc y v cc mc tiu ca d n o.

6.3.1.3.1.2 Mt khi cc yu cu d n c thit lp, bn qun l phi thit lp tnh kh thi ca d n bng cch kim tra rng cc ti nguyn (nhn lc, cc ti liu, cng ngh v mi trng) c yu cu thc thi v qun l d n l c sn, y v thch hp v rng cc giai on k tip nhau ti khi hon thnh l c th thc hin c.

6.3.1.3.1.3 Khi cn thit v theo tha thun ca tt c bn tham gia c lin quan, cc yu cu ca d n c th c chnh sa tai thi im ny t c cac tiu chi hon thnh.

6.3.1.3.2 Lp k hoch d n\

Hot ng ny bao gm cc nhim sau:

6.3.1.3.2.1 Bn qun l phi chun b cc k hoch cho vic thc thi d n. Cc k hoch kt hp vi thc thi d n se bao gm m t cc nhim v, hot ng lin kt v nhn bit cc sn phm phn mm ma s c cung cp. Cc k hoch ny phi bao gm, nhng khng gii hn, cc iu sau:

a) Cc lch trnh cho vic hon thnh kp thi cc nhim v;b) nh gi kt qu t c;c) Cc ti nguyn y cn thit thc thi cc nhim v;d) Phn phi cc nhim v;e) Phn cng trch nhim;f) nh ngha r s lng ca cc ri ro lin quan ti cc nhim v hoc chinh qu trnh o;g) Cc bin php m bo cht lng phi c thc hin xuyn sut d n;h) Cc chi ph lin quan ti thc thi qu trnh;i) S cung ng v mi trng v c s h tng;j) nh ngha v duy tr mt m hnh vng i bao gm cc giai on bng cch s dng cc m hnh vng i xac nh cho cc d n ca t chc.

CH THCH: Cc m hnh t chc hu ch cho d n phi c cung cp thng qua qu trnh qun l m hnh vng i.

6.3.1.3.3 Khi ng d nHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.3.1.3.3.1 Bn qun l phi t c quyn cp php cho d n.

6.3.1.3.3.2 Bn qun l phi trnh cc yu cu i vi cc ti nguyn cn thit thc hin d n.

6.3.1.3.3.3 Bn qun l phi bt u vic trin khai k hoch d n p ng cc mc tiu v b tiu chi, thc hin kim sot ton b d n.

6.3.2 Qu trnh kim sot v nh gi d n

6.3.2.1 Mc ch

Mc ch ca qu trnh kim sot v nh gi d n l xac nh tnh trng d n v m bo rng d n thc hin theo cc k hoch, lch trnh v nm trong ngn sch d kin, cng nh p ng cc mc tiu k thut.

Qu trnh ny bao gm vic thc hin li cc hot ng d n, khi thy thch hp, hiu chnh cc thay i v sai lch c nh ngha t cc qu trnh k thut hoc qun l d n. S thc hin li c th bao gm vic lp li k hoch khi thy thch hp.

6.3.2.2 Kt quKt qu trin khai thnh cng ca qu trnh kim sot v nh gi d n gm:

a) Tin ca d n c gim st v bo co;

b) Cc giao din gia cc thnh phn trong d n v vi cc n v t chc v d n khc, c gim st;

c) Cc hot ng hiu chnh sai lch so vi k hoch v ngn chn s ti din cc vn c nh ngha trong d n c a ra khi cc mc tiu d n khng t c;d) Cc mc tiu d n t c v c ghi li.6.3.2.3 Hot ng v nhim vBn qun l phi trin khai cc hot ng sau ph hp vi cc th tc v chnh sch c t chc c kh nng p dng trong qu trnh kim sot v nh gi d n.6.3.2.3.1 Gim st d nHot ng ny bao gm nhim v sau:

6.3.2.3.1.1 Bn qun l phi gim st toan b vic thc thi d n, cung cp c bn bo co trong ca tin d n v bn bo co ngoi ti bn mua sn phm nh ch nh trong hp ng.

CH THCH: Bn qun l m bo rng cc giao din thnh phn d n trong, cng nh cc giao din i vi cc n v t chc v cc d n lin quan khac, c gim st trong sut hot ng ny.

6.3.2.3.2 Kim sot d nHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.3.2.3.2.1 Bn qun l phi kho st, phn tch v gii quyt cc vn c pht hin ra trong sut qua trinh thc thi d n. Cch gii quyt vn c th dn n thay i trong cc k hoch. l trch nhim ca bn qun l m bo anh hng ca bt k s thay i no c xac nh, c kim sot v c gim st. Cc vn v cch gii quyt phi c ti liu ha.

6.3.2.3.2.2 Bn qun l phi bo co, theo tha thun, tin ca d n, trnh s tun th theo cc k hoch v gii quyt cc trng hp c bit khng t tin . Bo co bao gm bo co trong v bo co ngoi theo yu cu do hp ng v cc th tc ca t chc.

6.3.2.3.3 nh gi d n. Hot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.3.2.3.3.1 Bn qun l phi m bo rng cc k hoch v sn phm phn mm c nh gi tha mn cc yu cu.

6.3.2.3.3.2 Bn qun l phi nh gi kt qu nh gi ca cc sn phm phn mm, cc hot ng v nhim v hon thnh trong sut qua trinh thc thi d n t c cc mc tiu v hon thnh cac k hoach o.

CH THCH: Bn qun l s dng kt qu nh gi ngn chn s ti din trong tng lai ca cc vn c xac nh trong d n.

6.3.2.3.4 ng d nHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.3.2.3.4.1 Khi tt c sn phm phn mm, cc hot ng v nhim v c hon thnh, bn qun l phi xac nh d n a hon thnh hay cha, co tinh n cac tiu chi nh ch r trong hp ng hoc nh mt phn th tc ca t chc.

6.3.2.3.4.2 Cc h s lu tr v kt qu ny phi t c trong mi trng thch hp nh ch r trong hp ng.

6.3.3 Qu trnh qun l quyt nh

6.3.3.1 Mc ch

Mc ch ca qu trnh qun l quyt nh l la chn ng li c li nht cho hot ng d n khi m co cac la chn thay th tn tai.

Qu trnh ny p ng yu cu cho mt quyt nh gp phi trong vng i h thng, bt k ngun gc hoc c tnh ca quyt nh , t c kt qu ti u, mong mun hoc xac nh. Cc hot ng thay th c phn tch v ng li hot ng c la chn v nh hng. Cc quyt nh v l do c ghi li h tr vic a ra quyt nh trong tng lai.

6.3.3.2 Kt qu

Kt qu trin khai thnh cng ca qu trnh quan l quyt nh gm:

a) Chin lc a ra quyt nh c nh ngha;

b) Cc ng li hot ng thay th c nh ngha;

c) ng li hot ng u tin c nh ngha;d) Cch gii quyt, l do quyt nh v cc gi nh c nm bt v bo co.

6.3.3.3 Hot ng v nhim vD n se trin khai cc hot ng v nhim v sau ph hp vi cc th tc v chnh sch c t chc c kh nng c p dng trong qu trnh qun l quyt nh.

6.3.3.3.1 Lp k hoch quyt nhHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.3.3.3.1.1 D n se nh ngha chin lc a ra quyt nh.

CH THCH: iu ny bao gm vic nhn bit cc loi hnh quyt nh v s sp xp da trn s u tin v nhn bit cc bn tham gia chu trch nhim. Ngi a ra quyt nh c nhn bit v c trao trch nhim v thm quyn a ra cc quyt nh. Cc quyt nh c th ny sinh nh kt qu ca s nh gi tnh hiu qu, mt tha hip k thut, mt vn cn c gii quyt, hnh ng cn thit nh s phn ng li vi ri ro vt qu mc ngng c th chp nhn, mt c hi mi hoc chp thun tin d n t ti giai on vng i tip theo. Chin lc a ra quyt nh bao gm nh ngha v phn phi trch nhim v thm quyn a ra, i vi cc quyt nh.

6.3.3.3.1.2 D n phi gm cc bn tham gia c lin quan trong vic a ra quyt nh rt ra kinh nghim v kin thc.

6.3.3.3.1.3 D n phi nhn bit cc tnh hung v s cn thit i vi mt quyt nh.

CH THCH: Lu tr, phn loi v bao cao mt cach kip thi cc vn hay cac c hi va ng li hot ng thay th ma s quyt inh kt qu ca chng.

6.3.3.3.2 Phn tch quyt nhHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.3.3.3.2.1 D n phi la chn v cng b chin lc a ra quyt nh cho mi tnh hung quyt nh. D n phi nhn bit kt qu mong mun v tiu chi thanh cng cua phep o.

6.3.3.3.2.2 D n phi nh gi vic cn bng cc h qu ca cc hot ng thay th, bng cch s dng chin lc a ra quyt nh c nh ngha, at c ti u ha hoc ci tin, ca mt tnh hung quyt nh c xac inh.

6.3.3.3.3 Theo di quyt nhHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.3.3.3.3.1 D n phi ghi li, theo di, nh gi v bo co kt qu quyt nh xc nhn rng cc vn c gii quyt mt cch hiu qu, cc xu hng bt li c loi b v s thun li t c t cc c hi.

6.3.3.3.3.2 D n phi duy tr cc h s lu tr cc vn v c hi v cch x l ca chng, theo quy nh trong cc tha thun hoc cc th tc cua t chc v theo cch ma cho php hoc d thich v hc hi t kinh nghim.

6.3.4 Qu trnh qun l ri ro

6.3.4.1 Mc ch

Mc ch ca qu trnh qun l ri ro l nhn dang, phn tch, x l v gim st lin tc cc ri ro.

Qu trnh qun l ri ro l qu trnh lin tc gii quyt ri ro mt cch c h thng t u ti cui vng i ca mt h thng hoc sn phm hoc dch v phn mm. Qu trnh ny c th c p dng i vi cc ri ro lin quan ti vic mua sn phm, pht trin, bo tr hoc vn hnh ca mt h thng.

6.3.4.2 Kt quKt qu trin khai thnh cng ca qu trnh qun l ri ro gm:

a) Phm vi ca vic qun l ri ro c nh ngha;

b) Cc chin lc qun l ri ro thch hp c nh ngha v c trin khai;

c) Cc ri ro c xut hin khi chung xut hin va trong sut qua trinh thc hin d an;d) Cac rui ro c phn tch v th t u tin p dng i vi cc ti nguyn x l ca cc ri ro ny c nh ngha;

e) Cc phep anh gia ri ro c nh ngha, p dng v nh gi xac nh cc thay i trong iu kin ri ro v trong qua trinh hot ng x l;f) Vic x l thch hp c a ra hiu chnh hoc tranh anh hng ca ri ro da trn h qu, xc sut v s u tin hoc da trn mc ngng ri ro c nh ngha khc.

6.3.4.3 Hot ng v nhim vD n phi trin khai cc hot ng v nhim v sau ph hp vi cc th tc v chnh sch c t chc c kh nng p dng trong qu trnh qun l ri ro.

CH THCH: Tiu chun ISO/IEC 16085, qu trnh qun l ri ro, cung cp mt tp chi tit hn cc hot ng v nhim v c sp xp tng ng vi cc hot ng v nhim v c trnh by sau y.

6.3.4.3.1 Lp k hoch qun l ri roHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.3.4.3.1.1 nh ngha cc chnh sch qun l ri ro, m t hng dn theo o vic qun l ri ro c thc hin.

6.3.4.3.1.2 M t qu trnh qun l ri ro trin khai phi c ti liu ha.

6.3.4.3.1.3 Trch nhim, vai tro va cac bn tham gia chiu trach nhim thc hin qun l ri ro se c nh ngha.

6.3.4.3.1.4 Cc bn tham gia co trch nhim se c cung cp cc ti nguyn y thc hin qu trnh qun l ri ro.

6.3.4.3.1.5 Cung cp m t qu trnh nh gi v ci tin qu trnh qun l ri ro.

CH THCH: iu ny bao gm s nm bt cc bi hc kinh nghim.

6.3.4.3.2 Qun l thng tin hin trng ri roHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.3.4.3.2.1 Ng cnh ca qu trnh qun l ri ro phi c nh ngha v ti liu ha.

CH THCH: iu ny bao gm vic m t cc quan im ca cc bn lin quan, cc hng mc ri ro v m t (c th bng tham chiu) cc mc tiu v qun l v k thut, cc gi thit v rng buc.

6.3.4.3.2.2 Mc ngng ri ro, nh ngha cc iu kin theo mc ri ro c th c chp nhn, se c ti liu ha.

6.3.4.3.2.3 Thng tin hin trng ri ro phi c thit lp v duy tr.

CH THCH: Cc h s lu tr thng tin hin trng ri ro: ng cnh qun l ri ro; h s lu tr mi trng thi ca ri ro bao gm c xc sut, h qu v mc ngng ri ro; s u tin ca mi ri ro da trn tiu chun ri ro c cc bn lin quan cung cp; cc yu cu hot ng ri ro cng vi trng thi trong cch x l ca chng. Thng tin hin trng ri ro c cp nht khi c cc thay i trong trng thi ca mi ri ro ring. S u tin trong thng tin hin trng ri ro c s dng xac nh vic s dng ca cc ti nguyn cho vic x l.

6.3.4.3.2.4 Cc thng tin hin trng ri ro c lin quan phi c thng tin nh k ti cc bn lin quan da trn cc nhu cu ca h.

6.3.4.3.3 Phn tch ri roHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.3.4.3.3.1 Cc ri ro se c xac nh theo s phn loai c m t trong ng cnh qun l ri ro.

6.3.4.3.3.2 Xc sut xy ra v cc h qu ca mi ri ro xac nh se c nh gi.

6.3.4.3.3.3 Mi ri ro se c nh gi da theo cc mc ngng ri ro ca chng.

6.3.4.3.3.4 i vi mi ri ro trn mc ngng ri ro, cc chin lc x l khuyn ngh se c nh ngha v ti liu ha. Cc bin php o cho thy tnh hiu qu ca cc la chn cho vic x l cng se c nh ngha v ti liu ha.

CH THCH: Cc chin lc x l ri ro bao gm, nhng khng gii hn, vic loi bo ri ro o, gim thiu xc sut xy ra cc ri ro hoc tnh nghim trng ca h qu hoc chp nhn ri ro.

6.3.4.3.4 X l ri roHot ng ny bao gm cc nhim v sau:

6.3.4.3.4.1 Cac bn lin quan se c cung cp cac la chon x ly rui ro cho cac yu cu hoat ng rui ro.6.3.4.3.4.2 Nu cc bn lin quan xac nh rng cc hot ng nn c a ra khin cho ri ro c th chp nhn c, th sau vic la chn x l ri ro se c trin khai.

6.3.4.3.4.3 Nu cc bn lin quan chp nhn mt ri ro vt qu mc ngng cho php, th ri ro se c coi la co u tin cao hn v cn c gim st mt cch lin tc xac nh xem hot ng x l ri ro trong tng lai nao la cn thit.

6.3.4.3.4.4 Mt khi vic x l ri ro c la chn, n se tip nhn cc hot ng qun l ging nh cc vn lm, ph hp vi cc hot ng kim sot v nh gi trong mc 6.3.2 ca tiu chun ny hoc tiu chun ISO/IEC 15288:2008.