TDM Evaluation Tool: Opportunities for Evidence-Based Policy Selection

Md. Sami Hasnine (M.A.Sc Student)Adam Weiss, M.A.Sc (PhD Candidate)Professor Khandker Nurul Habib, PhD, PEng

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Roadmap of the PresentationBackground What is TDM?ObjectivesMethodsWhy do we Need a Survey? Data type for RP and SP surveyData ModelRP and SP QuestionnaireTDM Evaluation toolNext Steps

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Background

Reduce single-occupant vehicle (SOV) commuting trips in Peel

The Region of Peel has been implementing various Transportation Demand Management (TDM) policies

Before and after survey can evaluate the TDM effect

Need to evaluate combined and individual effect of TDM policies before implementing

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What is TDM?• TDM refers to a variety of strategies that change people’s

travel behavior.

• Primary Objective to reduced traffic congestion

• Secondary Objective increased safety and mobilityenergy conservationemission reductions

• Typical TDM programs reduce Single Occupant Vehicle (SOV) 4

Objectives

• To forecast the mode switching behavior of commuters in response to:

various incentives to use sustainable modes and/or disincentives for single occupant vehicle

trips. To develop an evaluation tool to investigate

various TDM policies

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MethodsConduct a survey to collect the required information to

develop such a tool

Develop policy-sensitive mode choice models

Use this tool to test regional, local and partial effect of various TDM policies

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Why do we need RP-SP Survey

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• Limitations with existing data types• TTS only has Revealed Preference (RP) data, we need RP and

Stated Preference (SP) data• The RP approach uses information collected about the actual

choices made by individuals to estimate demand models. • A major advancement in choice modelling is the use of SP

experiments in which respondents choose from a set of hypothetical scenarios.

Ride theRocket

Dundas VIA

Milky Way!

Why do we Need a Survey?

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• Existing TDM surveys are typically qualitative or opinion based• Metrolinx Smart commute data:• Data collected limited information regarding home and work

location• Attitudes and views regarding non SOV modes• Categorical LOS values for revealed modes only (10-20 minutes)

• A comprehensive RP-SP survey is needed to do forecasting and policy analysis!

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Revealed Preference

Detailed Person

Information

Detailed Household Information

Activity Schedule

Information

Socio-demographic Information

Data type for RP survey

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Stated Preference

Level of Service (LOS) is

consistent over the scenarios

TDM policies are varying over

the scenarios

Data type for SP survey

RP QuestionnaireRespondent must work in Peel and respondent must

answer the SP partTravel diary for commuters and non-commuters (over age 12)Focus on household level information and

characteristics.We need the commuting mode choice for the

respondent.

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Data ModelGraphical representation of the data that

is to be collectedUtilizes an object oriented approach

Clearly depicts the relationship between data points

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RP

Age

Level of education

Employment Statusa. Full time workerb. Part time workerc. Working from homed. Full time homemakere. Not employedf. Retiredg. Fulltime homemakerh. Studenti. None

Work Location

School Location

Daily Personal Schedule:DateDay of the weekNumber of activities

Activity PurposeLocationStart TimeDurationJoint activity with HH members

TripOriginDestinationMode (Drive, passenger, local Transit, regional transit) Start timeDurationHH vehicle used?Joint trip?Transit routes usedGo or subway access stations

Residence InformationLocationDwelling typeOwnership StatusReason behind not living in Peel

Detail InformationHousehold auto ownership

Transit Pass OwnershipBike Ownership

Who is primary user of each mobility tool

Income

Activity Purposea. Work/School b. Drop-off/Pick-up c. Recreation/

Entertainment d. Household Obligations e. Social f. Services g. Basic Needs h. Shopping i. Other

Drivers License

Daily Activity Schedule

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Gender

Nickname

Parking cost @workplace & Occupation

Detailed Person

Information: for all HH

member 12 and over

Detailed Household Information

Parking cost @school

If more than 1 person: ask relation with first person (respondent)

HH Member informationNumber of people over 12Total number of people

Detailed Person Information

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Parking daily costa. Free

b. Less than 5 dollarc. 5-10 dollar

d. 10-20 dollare. More than 20 dollar

f. Don’t know

Age

Level of education

Employment Statusa. Full time workerb. Part time workerc. Working from homed. Full time homemakere. Not employedf. Retiredg. Fulltime homemakerh. Studenti. None

Work Location

School Location

Income

Occupation Categorya. General Office / Clerical

b. Manufacturing / Construction / Trades

c. Professional / Management / Technical

d. Retail Sales and Servicee. Not Employed

Has Drivers License

Gender

Name IncomeUnder 2000020000-4000040000-6000060000-80000Over 80000

Level of Educationa. Elementaryb. Junior Highc. High schoold. Collegee. Bachelorf. Master or aboveg. None

Relationship to Respondent:

a. Respondent themselves

b. Husband/Partnerc. Wife/Partnerd. Father/In lawe. Mother/ In lawf. Sisterg. Brotherh. Grandmotheri. Grandfatherj. Sonk. Daughterl. Auntm. Unclen. Other

If more than 1 person: ask relation with first person (respondent)

Parking cost @workplace &

Occupation

Parking cost @school

Detailed Household Information

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Household Members (12 and over)

Residence InformationLocationOwnership StatusDwelling type

Household auto ownership Manufacturer

ModelProduction Year

Primary user

Transit Pass OwnershipTransit AgencyPrimary user

Bike OwnershipPrimary user

Rational of bike ownershipDwelling Typea. Single(detached)b. Semi(detached)c. Town/Row Housed. Apartment/Flat in detached duplexe. Apartment/Condo with less than 5 storiesf. Apartment/Condo with more than 5 stories

Rational for not living in Peel

-More convenient commute for spouse-School location for children-Housing affordability (close to work is too expensive)-Wanting to be close to extended family-Preference for current neighborhood-Own property in existing region-other

-For recreational or exercise purpose-For working or shopping purpose

-For running errands

Activity Schedule Information

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Travel Diary for Commuters and Non-Commuters

Activity -Purpose

Trip•Trip origin •Origin activity purpose•Trip destination •Destination activity purpose•Joint activity information (trip made by other household member)•Departure time for this trip•Primary mode associated with this trip

Activity Purposea. Work activityb. School Activity c. Dropping off or

Picking up another person

d. Recreation or Entertainment out of house

e. Staying at homef. Returning at

homeg. Social activities

out of homeh. Services i. Shopping j. Other

Number of trips each household member (over age 12) on the last weekday

SP Questionnaire

Experimental design was developed given a list of policies of interest

Efficient design method was used Currently using all possible TDM policies and 7

feasible modal alternatives Focus is based almost entirely on employer

based TDM policy; some overlap with home based TDM policies and land use policies.

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Stated Preference Table

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Attribute Values Information Source

LOS attributes (individual specific)

Typically don’t vary across scenarios

Traffic Assignment model, Rule based fare structure, TTS 2011

TDM Policies Vary across scenarios. Mostly binary, experimental design

7 possible modes:Drive, auto passenger, carpool, transit, transit bike on board, bike,

walk. Modal availability based on:

feasibility rules (i.e. can’t drive if you don’t have a drivers license/car)Competitiveness (transit with exceedingly high travel time not

considered viable).Reduced alternatives may result in reduced TDM policies, reducing

the size of the table

Level of service attributesIndividual Specific• Total Drive Time • Transit Walk/ Bike Time• Transit Wait Time • Total Time Traveling in the Transit Vehicle• Travel Cost

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TDM Policies of Interest• Employer provides incentive for Region of Peel transit passes

(Miway or Brampton Transit) • Daily parking cost • Indoor car parking facilities at workplace• Sheltered bike parking facilities at workplace• Showers and changing rooms at workplace• Employer owned bikes available to rent • Workplace with bike access facilities (Ramps) • Likelihood of Finding a Parking Spot Within 5 minutes walk to

work place (due to parking reductions)• Emergency ride home program.• Car share program 20

Capturing Telecommute and Flexible Work HoursNot directly able to capture in the standard SP survey, choice

to participate will influence travel time.To capture this impact, use of pre SP screening questions are

utilized.

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SP survey

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SP survey

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Evaluation Tool (Before input)

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Evaluation Tool (Before input)

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Evaluation Tool(After input)

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Mode share(After input)

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Evaluation Tool(After input)

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TDM Evaluation Tool• Individual or combined effect of TDM policies

can be captured• Changed mode share, changed VKT, CO2 Savings

and other environmental factors

Regional Scale

• In small scale: Individual or combined effect of TDM policies can be captured

• Changed mode share, changed VKT, CO2 Savings and other environmental factors

Local Scale

• Will provide the effect of partial implementation of certain policy (e.g., 50% or 30%)

• Changed mode share, changed VKT, CO2 Savings and other environmental factors

Partial Implementation 29

Example Interface

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Next Step of our project

• Final Data Collection (ongoing)• Mathematical Model (ongoing)• TDM Evaluation tool (preliminary framework

completed)

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