Tds Nguongoctocviet

Yen-t c-s Tran ai-Sy

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Th tm lai bien gii co cua Viet-Nam: bang co s, bang triet hoc, bang di tch va he thong ADN

Giao-s Tran ai-Sy.

Chung toi xin gii thieu vi oc gia Viet-Nam bai dien van cua Giao-s Tran ai-Sy oc trong dp khai giang nien khoa 1991-1992 tai Vien Phap-A (Institut Franco-Asiatique viet tat la IFA). Nguyen van bang tieng Phap, ay la ban dch tieng Viet cua chnh tac gia va co Tang Hong Minh chu giai. Trong dp khai giang nien hoc nay, IFA a mi mot so ong cac hoc gia, tr thc va ky gia tham d. Sau bai dien van, co cuoc trao oi rat thu v.

Xin nhac lai, trong khoang thi gian 1977-1992, tac gia lam viec cho Lien-hiep cac vien

bao che chau Au (Cooperative Europeenne Pharmaeutique, viet tat la CEP) va Uy-ban trao oi y hoc Phap-Hoa (Commite Medical Franco-Chinois viet tat la CMFC), nen a c cac ong nghiep giup , dung he thong ADN e tm lai nguon goc dan toc Viet-Nam.

Chnh vi cong trnh nghien cu cua tac gia trong thi gian 1977-1991, dung he thong

ADN phan biet dan-toc Trung-hoa, dan toc Viet-Nam...a ket thuc cuoc tranh cai 90 nam qua bien gii co cua VietNam. Ket luan ve nguon goc dan toc Viet-Nam bang khoa ADN i ngc lai vi tat ca cac thuyet t trc en gi. Cac thuyet nay khang nh ngi Viet do ngi Hoa di c xuong e tron lanh, e t nan v.v. Nhng ADN cho biet chnh ngi vung ong Nam A a i len phng Bac thanh ngi Hoa.

Sau khi bai dien van nay pho bien (1991), co mot so "hoc gia" v khong theo kp a tien

hoa cua khoa hoc, a len tieng ch trch chung toi. Biet rang ho dot nat qua, muon giai thch cho ho, ho phai co mot trnh o nao o... v vay chung toi khong tra li. Phan nghien cu cua chung toi qua dai, qua chuyen mon. oc gia muon tm hieu them co the oc cong trnh nghien cu di ay:

J.Y.CHU, cung 13 nha bac hoc Trung-quoc cung nghien cu Di-truyen hoc ADN (DNA), cong bo nam 1998: The Nation Academy of Sciences, USA, Vol.95 issue 20, ngay 29 thang 7 nam 1998. Tai lieu khang nh rang nguon goc ngi Trung-hoa, ong A, do ngi ong-Nam-a i len, ch khong phai do ngi Trung-hoa di c xuong. ALBERTO-PIAZZA (ai hoc Torino, Y): Human Evolution: Towards a genetic history of China, Proc.of Natl. Acad. Sci, USA, Vol 395, No 6707-1998. LI YIN, Distribution of halotypes from a chrosmosomes 21 Region - distinguishes multiple prehistotic human migrations - Proc.of Natl. Acad. Sci - USA, Vol.96 , 1999.


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Ve bai dien van nay, t nam 1991, co rat nhieu ban dch sang nhieu th tieng, ang tren nhieu bao khac nhau. Moi dch gia lai t y lc i, oi khi cat mat nhieu oan. Nay chung toi xin dch nguyen ban, ay u. V vay oc gia thay co nhieu oan qua chuyen mon, xin lt qua.

Trong khi dien gia trnh bay, ong co ngat ra nhieu oan, e thnh gia thao luan. Cac bai

trch ang trc khong ghi phan nay. e oc gia de theo doi, co Tang Hong Minh (THM) ghi chep, chu giai at ngay di oan lien he, thay v ghi cuoi bai.

Khi xuat ban lan th nhat, bo Anh-hung Bac-cng cua giao-s Tran, chung toi co cho

trch mot phan bai nay in vao cuoi quyen 4. Nay chung toi cong bo toan bo tai lieu, lay lam tai lieu chnh thc va phu nhan tat ca nhng ban do nhieu ni pho bien trc ay?

Paris ngay 10-10-2001

S tu th, vien Phap-A


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Knh tha ong Vientrng, Knh tha quy ong nghiep, Knh tha quy v quan khach. Cac ban sinh vien rat than men,

Toi khong phai la nha s hoc, cung khong phai la nha khao co, hay nha chung toc hoc. Toi ch la mot thay thuoc. Nhng nhng may man en tiep dien trong suot cuoc i, vo tnh a a toi en ay trnh bay cung quy v ve nguon goc, bien gii co cua toc Viet.

cuoi giang ng nay toi thay co nhieu ban tre bat ci. Toi biet ban bat ci v a

so ngi ta eu than i bat hanh, toan rui ro. Con toi, toi lai noi rang suot cuoc i toan may man. Toi co the noi thc vi Quy-v rang, ve phng dien nghien cu hoc hanh, suot i toi, toi co cam tng to tien a trai tham cho toi i tren con ng vo tan ay hoa. Neu ban chu kho oc bo Sexologie medicale chinoise cua toi, phan bai ta toi co viet :

Trong lch s co kim nhan loai, neu co ngi may man ve phng dien nghien cu hoc hanh, toi ng au. Nhng neu co ngi bat hanh nhat trong tnh trng toi cung ng au .

Hom nay toi trnh bay vi Quy-v ve cong cuoc i tm bien gii co cua nc Viet-Nam

va nguon goc toc Viet, Quy-v se thay toi may man biet chng nao, va Quy-v se thay toc Viet chung toi anh hung biet bao. Nhng gan ay, v chien tranh tiep dien trong hn 30 nam, khien cho at nc chung toi ieu-tan, va... hien nc toi la mot trong bon nc ngheo nhat tren the gii.

I. S TAM VE TOC VIET

Nam len nam, toi hoc ch Nho, mot loai ch cua Trung-quoc, nhng dung chung cho hau het cac nc vung A-chau Thai-bnh dng (ACTBD). Thay khai tam cua toi la ong ngoai toi. Ong toi la mot ai than cua trieu nh ai-Nam (tc Viet-Nam).

Che o phong kien cua nc toi a cham dt t nam 1945, hien (1991) v Hoang-e

cuoi cung cua ai-Nam la Bao ai. Ngai van con song quan 16 Paris. Nam len sau tuoi, toi c hoc tai trng tieu hoc do chnh phu Phap m tai Viet-Nam.

Thi gian 1943-1944 rat t gia nh Viet-Nam con cho con hoc ch Nho. Bi ao Nho cung nh nen co hoc khong con cho ng trong i song kinh te, chnh tr na. Thu thc toi cung khong thch hoc ch Nho bang chi bi, anh ao. Nhng v muon lam vui long ong toi ma toi hoc. Hn na hoc ch Nho, toi co mot kho tang van hoa v ai e oc, e thoa man tr thc cua tuoi th. Thanh ra toi hoc rat chuyen can. Cac ban hien dien ni ay khong t th nhieu cung a hoc ch Nho eu biet rang ch nay hoc kho nh the nao. Nhng toi ch mat co ba thang a thuoc lau bo Tam t kinh, sau thang e thuoc bo Au-hoc ngu ngon thi. Nam bay tuoi toi c hoc s, va nam chn tuoi b nhet vao au bo ai-hoc.


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Chng trnh giao duc co bat hoc sinh hoc hai loai s. Bac-s tc s Trung-quoc. Nam s tc s cua Viet-Nam. Toi c hoc Nam s bang ch Nho, ong thi vi nhng bai s khai tam bang ch Quoc ng vao nam bay tuoi. Thi iem bay gi bat au co nhng bo s viet bang ch Quoc ng, rat gian lc, e day hoc sinh ; khong bang mot phan tram nhng g toi hoc nha. Thay giao trng Phap biet toi la cai kho vo tan ve s Hoa-Viet, nen thng bao toi ke cho cac ban ong lp ve anh hung nc toi. Chnh v vay toi phai lan mo oc nhng bo s ln viet bang ch Han nh :

ai-Viet s ky toan th (VSKTT), An-Nam ch lc (ANCL), ai-Viet thong-s (VTS), Kham-nh Viet s thong giam cng muc (KVSTGCM), ai-Nam nhat thong ch(NNTC).

ai cng moi bo s eu chep rat gian lc ve nguon goc dan toc Viet-Nam sau : Vua Minh chau bon i vua Than-Nong, nhan i tuan thu phng nam, en nui Ngu-

lnh, ket hon vi mot nang tien ha sinh mot con trai ten Loc-Tuc. Vua lap ai, te cao tri at, phong cho con trng lam vua phng Bac, tc vua Nghi, phong con th la Loc-Tuc lam vua phng Nam. Ngai day hai thai t rang :

Nghi lam vua phng Bac, Tuc lam vua phng Nam, lay nui Ngu-lnh lam cng gii.

Hai ngi lam vua hai nc nhng von cung goc ta, phai lay ieu hieu hoa ma vi nhau. Tuyet oi Nam khong xam Bac, Bac chang chiem Nam. Ke nao trai li, se b tuyet t, tuyet ton .

Xet trieu ai Than-Nong, khi t nam 3118 trc Tay lch, en ay th chia lam hai :

1. Than-Nong Bac.

Vua Nghi (2889-2884 trc Tay lch) Vua Lai (2843-2794 trc Tay lch) Vua Ly (2795-2751 trc Tay-lch) Vua Du-Vong (2752-2696 trc Tay-lch).

en ay trieu ai Than-Nong Bac cham dt, oi sang trieu ai Hoang-e t nam giap

Ty (2697 trc Tay-lch). Cac nha chep s Trung-quoc lay thi ai Hoang-e lam ky nguyen. Trong bo S-ky, T-ma Thien khi chep quyen mot la Ngu-e ban ky, coi Hoang-e la Quoc-to Trung-quoc, khong chep ve thi ai Than-Nong.


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2. Trieu ai Than-Nong Nam.

Thai-t Loc-Tuc len lam vua nam Nham-Tuat (2879 trc Tay-lch) hieu la Kinh-Dng, luc mi tuoi. Sau ngi Viet lay nam nay lam ky nguyen lap quoc. Neu cong chung cho en nay (1991) la 4870 nam, v vay ngi Viet t hao rang a co nam nghn nam van hien. (1)

Noi dung bai dien van hom nay, toi ch ban en dien bien chnh tr, lch s, van hoa, a ly cua dan toc -Trung-hoa, va dan toc Viet-Nam trong khoang thi gian 4870 nam t nam 2879 trc Tay-lch cho en nam nay 1991. Con nh i xa hn ve nhng thi tien co, thi o a, o ong, o sat, qua phc tap, qua dai, toi khong luan en ay.

Xet ve cng gii co s chep :

Thai-t Loc-Tuc len ngoi lay hieu la Kinh-Dng(2), at ten nc la Xch-quy, ong o Phong-chau nay thuoc Sn-Tay. Vua Kinh-Dng lay con gai vua ong-nh la Long-n e ra Thai-t Sung-Lam. Thai-t Sung-Lam lai ket hon vi cong chua Au-C con vua e-Lai(3). Khi vua Kinh-Dng bang ha thai-t Sung-Lam len noi ngoi vua, tc vua Lac-Long, oi ten nc la Van-Lang. Nc Van-Lang Bac ti ho ong-nh, Nam giap nc Ho-ton, tay giap Ba-thuc, ong giap bien ong-hai.)

Co s en ay, khong co g nghi ng, nhng tiep theo lai chep :

Vua Lac-Long lay cong chua Au-C sinh ra mot boc tram trng n ra tram con. Ngai truyen cho cac hoang t i bon phng lap ap, to chc cai tr giao hoa dan chung. Moi v lap mot ap theo loi cha truyen con noi .

Hoang-t th nhat ti th mi lap ra vung ho ong-nh.(Nay la Ho-Nam, Quy-chau, Trung-quoc.)

Hoang-t th mi mot ti th hai mi lap ra vung Tng-quan.(Nay la Van-Nam va mot phan Quang-Tay, T-xuyen thuoc Trung-quoc.)

Hoang-t th ba mi mot ti bon mi lap ra vung Chiem-thanh.(Nay thuoc Viet-Nam, t Thanh-hoa en ong-nai.)

Hoang-t th bon mi mot ti nam mi lap ra vung Lao-qua.(Nay la nc Lao va mot phan Bac Thai-lan.)

Hoang-t th nam mi mot ti sau mi lap ra vung Nam-hai. (Nay la Quang-ong, va mot phan Phuc-kien, Trung-quoc.)

Hoang-t th sau mi mot ti bay mi lap ra vung Que-lam.(Nay thuoc Quang-tay, Trung-quoc.)

Hoang-t th bay mi mot ti tam mi lap ra vung Nhat-nam.(Nay thuoc Viet-Nam t Nghe-an ti Quang-bnh.)


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Hoang-t th tam mi mot ti chn mi lap ra vung Cu-chan.(Nay thuoc Viet-Nam t Ninh-bnh ti Thanh-hoa, Nghe-an, Ha-tnh)

Hoang t th chn mi mot ti mot tram lap ra vung Giao-ch.(Nay la Bac Viet-Nam va mot phan tnh Quang-tay, Van-Nam thuoc Trung-quoc.)

Ngai hen rang : Moi nam cac hoang-t phai ve canh ong Tng vao ngay Tet, e chau hau phu mau .

Mot huyen s khac lai thuat : Vua Lac-Long noi vi Au-C rang : Ta la Rong, nang la loai Tien vi nhau lau khong c. Nay ta em nam mi con

xuong nc, nang em nam mi con len rng. Moi nam gap nhau tai canh ong Tng mot lan

Cac s gia ngi Viet lay nam vua Kinh-Dng len lam vua la nam Nham-tuat (2879

trc Tay-lch), nhng khong ton vua Kinh-Dng vi Cong-chua con vua ong-nh lam Quoc-to, Quoc-mau, ma lai ton vua Lac-Long lam Quoc-to va Cong-chua Au-C lam Quoc-mau. Cho en nay Quy-v hoi tram ngi Viet hai ngoai rang to la ai, ho eu t hao :

Chung toi la con Rong, chau Tien. Quoc-to ten Lac-Long, Quoc-mau ten Au-C .

Chu ao cua toc Viet bat nguon t niem tin nay.

Ghi chu cua Tang Hong Minh, Ky gia chuyen ve Van-minh ong-a Jean Marc Decourtenet hoi ve oan nay nh sau: Tha Giao-s, hien Viet-Nam la nc theo che o Cong-san, lieu ngi Viet trong

nc ho co cung mot niem tin nh ngi Viet hoi 1945 ve trc cung nh ngi Viet hai ngoai hay khong ?

Tra li : Nhng nha lanh ao ang Cong-san Viet-Nam suot t nam 1930 en gi, khong mot

ngi nao muon dung triet ly Marxisme, Leninisme e xoa bo niem tin con Rong chau Tien. Trai lai ho con dung niem tin nay e quy phuc nhan tam. V niem tin nay a an sau vao tam nao ngi Viet. Nhng ngi lanh ao chnh tr Viet ca hai mien Nam-Bac trong thi gian noi chien 1945-1975 cung khong ai dam, khong ai muon, khong ai u kha nang xoa bo niem tin nay. Ngi Viet co niem tin vao Chu-ao cua mnh. Ho xay en th cac vua Hung Phu-tho dng nh a hn nghn nam. Hang nam c en ngay 10 thang 3 am lch la ngi ngi eu tu tap ve ay e tng nh cong n cac vua Hung a dng nc. Trong thi gian chien tranh (1945-1975) v tnh hnh an ninh di chuyen kho khan, v tnh hnh kinh te khong cho phep, so ngi hanh hng co giam thieu. Nhng t sau 1987, so ngi hanh hng tang vot. Ngay ngoai quoc, ngi Viet lu lac khap ni, nhng hang nam en ngay 10 thang 3, lch A-chau, ni nao ho cung to chc gio to rat thanh knh.


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Cac lanh tu cua ang Cong-san Viet-Nam nh Chu-tch Ho Ch Minh, Chu-tch Trng Chinh; Tong b th Le Duan, o Mi; Thu-tng Pham Van ong v.v. eu hanh hng en th vua Hung, va oc dien van ca ngi cong c Quoc-to nh mot hanh ong thu phuc nhan tam. Ket lai du trong nc hay ngoai quoc, hien ngi Viet van cung mot niem tin nh nhau."

Ghi cua Tang Hong Minh danh cho ngi Viet.

Theo s tm hieu cua Tang Hong Minh toi, cac lanh tu cua ang Cong-san Viet-Nam, a vieng en Hung la :

- Chu-tch Ho Ch Minh, ngay 19-9-1954. 19-8-1962. - Tong b th Le Duan, 5-5-1977. - Chu tch nha nc Trng Chinh 6-2-1959. 5-2-1978. - Thu tng Pham Van ong 6-2-1969. 27-8-1978. - Tong b th o Mi 27-4-1993.

Toi xin tr lai vi au e,

3. Trieu nh, dan toc. Toi a trnh bay vi Quy-v ve hai trieu ai au tien cai tr vung A-chau Thai-bnh dng : Pha Bac song Trng-giang sau thanh Trung-quoc. Pha Nam song Trng-giang ti vnh Thai-lan, sau thanh ai-Viet.

Hai trieu ai Than-Nong Nam-Bac cai tr dan chung :

- Khong co ngha la dan chung cung mot chung toc ; - Khong co ngha la toc Hoa, toc Viet la mot; - Cung khong co ngha tat ca dan chung toc Hoa, toc Viet eu la huyet toc cua vua Than-Nong. - Trung-quoc, ai-Viet la anh em ve phng dien chnh tr. Giong Than-Nong cai tr vung at Trung-quoc, ai-Viet la anh em, nhng dan chung khong hoan toan la anh em. Dan chung hai nc bao gom nhieu toc khac nhau nh Mongoloid, Malanesien, Indonesien, Australoid, va ca Negro-Australoid...v.v. - Ngi Hoa, ngi Viet nhan trieu ai Nam-Bac Than-Nong to chc cai tr, lap thanh nc, ma ton lam to ma thoi. Ch hai vung hoi o hang nghn, hang van bo toc khac nhau, ngon ng khac nhau, van hoa khac nhau.


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Sau nay cac van nhan ngi Hoa vung lu vc Hoang-ha, lu vc song Han, nhan co ch viet, lai khong i ra ngoai, roi tng tng ma viet thanh sach, t cho mnh la con tri, t tri ma xuong; sau o em van minh, truyen ba ra khap the gii (Thien-ha), ngi sau lay lam chu ao cua ho. Toi se ban en di.

Toi xin c mot ty du, e Quy-v nhn ro hn. Ong Washington la v Tong-thong au tien lap ra nc Hoa-ky, ch ong khong phai la to cua cac sac dan en t chau Phi, chau Au, cung nh dan ban x. Hai v vua Nghi, vua Kinh Dng khong phai la to huyet toc cua ngi Hoa, ngi Viet. Hai ngai ch la to ve chnh tr ma thoi.

II. CHU AO TRUNG QUOC, VIET-NAM. Nh Quy-v a thay, moi dan toc eu co mot chu ao, cung mot bieu hieu. Ngi Phap

cho rang to tien la ngi Gaulois, con vat tng trng la con ga trong. Ngi Anh lay bieu hieu la con s-t. Ngi Hoa-ky lay bieu hieu la con chim ng. Ngi Trung-hoa lay bieu hieu la con Rong. Ngi Viet lay bieu hieu la con Rong va con chim Au. Goc bieu hieu nay lay t huyen s vua Lac-Long la loai rong, cong-chua Au-C la loai chim.

Ngi Do-thai ho t tin rang ho la giong dan linh, c Chua chon. V vay, sau hai

nghn nam mat nc, ho van khong b ong hoa. Khi tai lap quoc, vi dan so bang mot phan tram khoi A-rap, nhng ho van u kha nang chong vi bao cuoc tan cong e ton tai. o la nh niem tin ho thuoc sac dan c Chua chon.

Toi xin noi ro ve chu ao cua Trung-quoc va Viet-Nam. Nh Quy-v eu biet, hien

Trung-quoc, Viet-Nam eu la nhng nc theo chu ngha Cong-san, at can ban tren thuyet cua Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels. Chu thuyet nay en Trung-quoc, Chu-tch Mao Trach ong bien the i thanh Maoisme. Tai Viet-Nam, ngi mang chu thuyet Marx, Engels vao la Chu-tch Ho Ch Minh ; ong c ao tao tai Lien-so, v vay chu thuyet cua ong phang phat Leninisme, pha them Viet-tnh do ong tao ra. Dng nh hien nay tren khap the gii, ke ca Lien-bang So-viet ch Viet-Nam la quoc gia duy nhat con duy tr tng Lenine tai mot cong vien ln cua Thu-o (Ha-noi).

Theo nh d oan cua chung toi th Trung-quoc, cung nh Viet-Nam cung nhan thay thuyet cua Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels khong con hp thi, khong con ch li na. Ca hai ang tng bc, tng bc tr lai vi chu ao cua mnh. Xin cac v c ch, khong lau au ca hai se hoan toan tr ve vi kho tang quy bau cua nc mnh! Toi thay Trung-quoc tr lai qua mau, qua manh. Con rong Trung-quoc ma Hoang-e Napoleon bao rang hay e nguyen cho no ngu. Bang nh no thc day, no se lam rung chuyen the gii. Tha Quy-v, con rong Trung-quoc a thc day roi, nhng no cha lam rung ong the gii!


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Ghi chu cua Tang Hong Minh (ngay 19-8-2000, nhan oc lai bai nay). IFA trao cho toi dch hau het nhng bai dien van cua cac nha lanh ao Viet-Nam t

1992 en nay. Toi thay ong Tong-b-th o Mi trong cac dien van ky niem 19-8 cung nh ngay Quoc-khanh, nhng t ng ong dung cung nh noi dung, ngay mot xa Marx, Engels, Lenine. Neu thi ky ong Le Duan cam quyen, khap Viet-Nam eu thi nhau pha bo het phong tuc, truyen thong, nhat la pha cac di tch ton giao bao nhieu; th bay gi hau het cac truyen thong dan toc eu c phuc hoi cap xa. Niem tin (chu ao) cua ha tang hau nh tr lai thi ky trc 1945.

1.- Chu ao cua Trung-quoc. Ngi Hoa th tin rang mnh la con tri. Cho nen trong cac sach co cua ho, vua c

goi la Thien-t, con cac quan th luon la ngi nha tri xuong the pho ta cho vua. Chnh niem tin o cung vi van minh Hoa-ha, van minh Nho-giao a ket thanh chu-ao cua ho. Cho nen ngi Hoa du au, ho cung co mot to chc xa hoi rieng, song vi nhau trong niem kieu hanh con tri. Cho du ho lu vong en nghn nam ho cung khong b ong hoa, khong quen nguon goc. Cung chnh v vay, ma t mot toc Hoa nho be lu vc song Hoang-ha, ho anh chiem, ong hoa hang nghn nc xung quanh, va nc cua ho rong ln nh ngay nay. Hau het nhng nc khac en cai tr ho, eu b ho ong hoa. Mong-co, Man-thanh b ong hoa, b mat hau het lanh tho. Nhng chu-ao va sc manh cua ngi Trung-quoc phai ngng lai bien gii Hoa-Viet.

Ghi chu cua Tang Hong Minh Giao s Nhan chung hoc Van Gotensbert (Hoa-lan) hoi : Toi thay ngi Hoa, kieu ngu cac nc A-chau, chau Phi cung nh tai Hoa-ky,

Canada, Uc cung mot so cac nc Au-chau, du trai qua may tram nam, ho van duy tr c dong giong va khong b ong hoa, o la nh chu ao t tin la con tri cua ho. The nhng tai sao, ho mi ti Phap t sau 1975, di danh ngha t nan Viet, ho b ong hoa rat mau. Khong le chu ao cua Trung-quoc lai b chu ao cua Gaulois xoa bo mau chong nh vay sao ? .

ap : Tha Giao-s, ieu Giao-s hoi, cung la ieu toi chu tam nghien cu t 1975 en gi.

Khi ngi Hoa ti bat c nc nao, ho cung b ky th khong t th nhieu, ho phai song quan tu vi nhau, giup nhau, bao ve nhau. Ben canh o ho co niem tin la con tri, t hao ve nen van minh co cua ho. Do o ho to chc thanh xa hoi rieng : Giao duc con em, thng mai, sinh hoat van hoa, tng tr. V vay ho gi c ban sac Trung-quoc cua ho. Con khi ngi Hoa ti Phap, th ngi Phap vi tinh than ci m, vi tnh hieu hoa, khong ky th, lai tan tnh giup ke tha hng hn chnh ngi Hoa giup nhau, thanh ra ngi Hoa khong can song quan tu. Ho song lan vi ngi Phap. Con em ngi Hoa ngay ngay ti trng c ban hoc, c thay yeu thng, chung thu nhap van hoa Phap rat mau. Trong khi cha me chung phai lam viec khong co thi gi day con cai ve van hoa Trung-quoc. Do vay ch trong vong may nam la tre Hoa thanh tre Phap: Tieng noi, cach suy t, nep song, tr...am thc.


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Toi xin noi mot cau thang than, mong cac v ng buon: tren khap the gii, khi ngi Viet t nan en nh c bat c ni nao, eu gap nan ky th. Nc Phap la nc duy nhat dan chung khong ky th ma lai con tan tnh giup . Do vay nhieu ngi t nan en cac nc khac cua chau Au, roi cung tm nh c Phap, du Phap kho kiem viec lam.Chnh phu va nhan dan Phap biet the, nen canh ca t do khong he ong lai.

Toi xin tr lai vi au e. Chu ao cua Trung-quoc bat nguon t thi nao ? T sach nao ? Do ai khi xng ? au tien la Kinh-th, khong ro tac gia la ai, xuat hien trc Khong-t, thien Vu-cong

goi the gii chung ta la Thien-ha (Di tri). Thi co, cac van nhan Trung-quoc khong i xa hn vung song Han, song Hoang-ha, ho tng au the gii ch co Trung-quoc, nen goi Trung-quoc la Thien-ha. Thien-ha la Trung-quoc, tc la nc gia. Bon pha Trung-quoc la bien, nen goi Trung-quoc la hai-noi, cac nc khac la hai-ngoai.

Kinh-th thien Vu-cong chia Thien-ha thanh 9 chau : Ky, Duyen, Thanh, T, Dng,

Kinh, D, Lng, Ung. Lai dung khoang cach, chia lam nam coi, goi la Ngu-phuc, moi coi cach nhau nam tram dam (250 km). Ngu-phuc la ien-phuc, Hau-phuc, Tuy-phuc, Yeu-phuc, Hoang-phuc.

Trung-ng la kinh o cua nha vua. - ien-phuc ngoai kinh o nam tram dam. - Hau-phuc ngoai coi ien-phuc nam tram dam : trong nam tram dam coi Hau th

khoang cach mot tram dam e phong thai ap cho cac quan khanh, ai phu. Hai tram dam na phong cho cac tc Nam. Hai tram dam na phong cho cac ch Hau.

- Ke tiep Hau-phuc la Tuy-phuc. Trong nam tram dam coi Tuy th ba tram dam la ni truyen ba van chng, giao hoa quan chung ; con hai tram dam e hng thnh vo b, bao ve quoc gia.

- Sau coi Tuy la coi Yeu. Trong ba tram dam coi Yeu la ni cho r phng ong . Hai tram dam con lai la ni e ay toi nhan.

- Coi cuoi cung la coi Hoang, nam tram dam. trong ba tram dam gan danh cho moi phng Nam , hai tram dam cuoi cung e ay ngi co toi nang.

- Ra khoi coi Hoang la... bien. Vi loi phan chia lam cam, hai hc ay, nam nghn nam qua, dan Trung-quoc coi la

Kinh, tc nhng g khong the thay oi, roi tr thanh chu ao cua toc Hoa.

Ghi chu cua Tang Hong Minh Giao-s khoa Chnh-tr hoc J.Fr Longanacre (USA) hoi : - The cai chu ao ma ngi Trung-quoc t th la con tri phat xuat t au ? Vao thi

nao ?


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ap : - Tha Giao-s, cung phat xuat t Kinh-th, thien Thai-the : Tri sinh ra dan, at ra vua, ra thay, eu e giup Thng-e, Vo ve dan bon phng. Giao-s Mohamed Khalid (Nhan chung hoc Iran) hoi: - Toi nghien cu hau het cac thuyet noi ve nguon goc toc Hoa. Toi thay dng nh ngi

ta eu cho rang toc Hoa t sinh ra, roi di chuyen i cac ni: Ra bien thanh ngi Nhat, Nam-dng, Phi-luat-tan. Xuong Nam thanh ngi Viet, Mien, Lao, Thai, Mien. Len Bac thanh ai-han, Mong-co, sang pha ong-Bac thanh ngi Trung ong. Co ung the khong?

ap: - Tha Giao-s ho suy ngh nh vay la sai hoan toan. Ho can c vao truyen thuyet ma

noi nh vay. Truyen thuyet can c vao th tch co, nen sai, hoan toan sai. V th tch co do nhng van nhan khong i ra ngoai, ngoi vung lu vc Hoang-ha, tng tng ma viet ra.

Ca hoi trng cung im lang. - Neu noi rang ngi Trung-hoa nh co tinh than thc dung, nh co ch viet, nh van

hoa Nho-giao, roi tr thanh hung manh, roi em quan anh chiem cac nc nho xung quanh, tao thanh mot nc v ai nh ngay nay la ung. Con nh bao rang ho la con tri hoac ho t sinh ra, roi di chuyen inh sinh song cac ni... th sai.

Toi se dan chng di bang ADN: toc Hoa, do giong ngi t ong Nam-a i len. Ma nhng ngi ong Nam-a co goc t Phi-chau. Ho en Nam-a t lau. Roi toc o lai ket hp vi nhng ngi cung t chau Phi i len chau Au, vao Bac Trung-quoc khoang 15.000 nam trc.

Chung ta tr lai vi au e. Tiep theo Kinh Th, sach Ta-truyen, Ta Khau Minh cung viet : Tri lam chu Thien-ha, Vua noi tri ma cai tr. Ke chu menh tri ma cai tr la Thien-t. en Manh-t, thien Ly-lau viet: Thien ha la quoc gia, Goc cua thien ha la quoc, Goc quoc la gia. V anh hng cua sach co nen ngi Hoa mi nay sinh ra t tng Noi Hoa ha, ngoai

Di, ch . Ngha la trong Ngu-phuc th la chon van minh, con ngoai ra th la moi r.


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Kinh-le, thien Vng-che noi : ong phng viet Di, Tay phng viet Nhung, Nam phng viet Man, Bac phng viet ch. Ngha la : Ngi ong phng goi la Di, Tay-phng la Nhung, Nam phng la Man, Bac

phng la ch. Di, Nhung, Man, ch la nhng t e ch moi r. Bon ch o khi viet th co bo trung, bo

thu, bo khuyen canh. Co ngha cac sac dan o la cam thu, con trung, cho meo ! Ngay oi vi ngi Au, My hoi the ky th 20 ve trc, ngi Hoa goi la Bach-quy !

(Thnh gia ci o len !) . Ho con phan ra ngi Au la Tay-dng Quy. Ngi My la My-lan-tay Quy. Ngi Anh la Hong-mao Quy . Ngi Nga la La-sat Quy.

Ghi chu cua Tang Hong Minh Sinh vien Marta Maria Fernandes hoi : Tha Giao-s, ve Trung-quoc, tieng Phap goi la La Chine, ngi Trung-quoc la

Chinois. Con sach cua Chinois luc a th ho xng la Trung-quoc ; cua ngi Hng-cang, ai-loan th ho xng la Trung-hoa. oi khi ho xng la Trung-nguyen, roi Hoa-ha. Toi oc mot so sach bang Viet ng th ngi Viet goi la ch Han ch khong goi la ch Hoa, hay ch Trung-quoc; va ngi Viet khi th goi Chinois la ngi Hoa, khi th goi la ngi Tau. Nh tren Giao-s a giai thch t Trung-quoc. Con t Hoa au ma co ? Tai sao lai co nhng t phc tap nh vay ?

ap : Nh toi a trnh bay : Vi loi phan chia Cu-chau, Ngu-phuc ; trong nam coi tren th

coi ien la vung bao quanh Thien-ha. Pha trong coi ien la Giao. Trong Giao mot tram dam la Quoc. Trong Quoc co thanh goi la o. o la ni vua . V vay ho mi xng la Trung-quoc, tc nc gia Thien-ha. Ch Trung-quoc ay co tnh chat chnh tr, va a ly. Con t Trung-nguyen co ngha la vung at gia. Trung-nguyen ch co ngha a ly ma thoi.

Sau cuoc cach mang Tan-Hi (1911), Bac-s Ton Van va Quoc-dan ang len nam quyen,

lay quoc danh la Trung Hoa nhan dan cong hoa quoc, goi tat la Trung-Hoa Dan-quoc t ngay 1-1-1912. Hien chnh phu ai-loan van duy tr quoc danh nay.

Hong-quan tien chiem c Bac-kinh, lap nen cai tr Trung-nguyen, ho xng la Cong-

hoa nhan dan Trung-quoc goi tat la Trung-quoc ke t ngay 1-10-1949.


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Con nguon goc t Hoa th luc au Trung-quoc ch la may bo toc vung Ung-chau, Lng-chau (Ghi chu xin ng lam Ung nay vi Ung-chau thi Tong, nay la Nam-ninh thuoc Quang Tay). Pha ong Nam la Hoa-am, ong Bac la Hoa-dng, gii han bi Hoa-sn. V vay ho mi xng nc la Hoa. Sau v co van minh, ho chiem, ong hoa cac vung xung quanh, ma co 9 chau nh trong Kinh-th. Hoa la ten nc ch khong phai la ten chung toc.

Con t Hoa Ha th do con song Ha-thuy khi nguon t Ung-Lng, nen lay t Ha-thuy

lam ten toc. Ha la ten toc, khong phai la ten nc. Sau nay ngi ta ghep ch Hoa la nc vi ch Ha la toc thanh t Hoa-Ha va e bieu tng cho nc, va bieu tng cho toc.

Cao-to nha Han la Lu Bang, khi nghiep t song Han-thuy, nen xng la trieu Han (207

trc Tay-lch). Nam 179 trc Tay-lch, Trieu a chiem Au-lac (ten cu cua Viet-Nam). Y la than t trieu Han, cam dan Viet hoc ch Khoa-au cua toc Viet, bat hoc ch Hoa. Do vay ngi Viet goi ch Hoa la ch Han.

Ngi Viet goi ngi Chinois la ngi Hoa, ngi Trung-quoc la le thng. Con danh t

ngi Tau th bat nguon t nhng trieu ai Trung-quoc b sup o, cac di than dung tau vt bien sang Viet Nam xin kieu ngu, nen ngi Viet goi ho la ngi Tau .

Chung ta tr lai vi au e. T nguon goc kinh ien co, ngi Hoa t cho mnh la con tri (Thien-t), cho nen hau

het cac tieu thuyet cua ho th vua luon co tng tinh la con rong vang, la Thanh-y ong t tren thng gi giang sinh. Cac quan vo th luon la Vu-khuc tinh quan, cac quan van la Van-khuc tinh quan. Quan than th la Nh-thap bat tu giang ha. Vi chu ao nay, ho a anh chiem may tram nc tao thanh mot Trung-quoc v ai.

2.- Chu ao cua Viet-Nam.

Nh tren a trnh bay, vi nguon goc lap quoc, ngi Viet co niem tin mnh la con cua Rong, chau cua Tien, cho nen ngi Viet co mot sc bao ve quoc gia cc manh. Truyen thong sang the ky th 2 trc Tay-lch lai them vao tinh than cua vua An-Dng. Sang au the ky th nhat, no ra cuoc khi ngha cua mot phu n, va 162 anh hung, trong o co hn tram la n. Cuoc khi ngha uoi ngoai xam Trung-hoa, lap len trieu ai Lnh-Nam. Phu n o la vua Trng. Noi tiep moi thi ai eu co tinh than rieng, tao thanh niem tin vng chac. Toc Viet a chien au khong ngng e chong lai cuoc Nam tien lien mien trong hai nghn nam cua ngi Hoa. Bat c thi nao, ngi Viet du b phan hoa en au, nhng khi b ngoai xam, ho lap tc ngoi lai vi nhau e bao ve quoc gia. Trong nhng lp phe hng cua lch s Viet, he ai da theo chu ao toc Viet, eu thanh cong trong viec gi c quyen cai tr dan. Gan ay nhat, ngi Viet b cac the lc Quoc-te, gay ra cuoc chien tranh tng tan khung khiep (1945-1975). Nhng nay, Viet-Nam ang tren a phuc hng chu ao. Y toi muon noi s co gang phi thng


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cua hn hai trieu ngi Viet ngoai lanh tho Viet-Nam, a la bo c sang chuyen chu ao tr ve nc mnh.

Trong thi gian 1954-1975, mien Bac theo che o Cong-san, theo chu thuyet Quoc-te.

Nhng ho biet khai thac cai chu ao cua Viet-Nam, ho huy ong c tinh than yeu nc cua dan toc, nen cuoi cung ho chien thang.

Cung tiec thay, nhng ngi cam quyen mien Nam t 1963-1975, khong biet khai thac

long yeu nc cua dan toc, lai chap nhan cho quan oi Hoa-ky va ong minh nhay vao vong chien, viec nay co khac g quy goi, trao ngon c chnh ngha cho mien Bac! Toi ngh nhng ngi lanh ao mien Nam nh ong Nguyen Khanh, Nguyen Van Thieu, Nguyen Cao Ky, Tran Thien Khiem, cho en gi nay (1992) cha tng biet g ve kho tang long yeu nc cua ngi Viet, lai cung cha tng nghe, tng noi en ch chu ao toc Viet bao gi.

Trc ho, co Tong-thong Ngo nh Diem (1954-1963), v biet ro chu ao toc Viet.

Ngai t choi khong cho Hoa-ky o quan vao Viet Nam, ma ang la mot ong minh cua Hoa-ky, Ngai a tr thanh ke thu cua Hoa-ky, b Hoa-ky giet het sc tham khoc.

III. I TM LAI NGUON GOC DAN TOC VIET. Nam trc ong nghiep cua toi a giang cho cac ban sinh vien hien dien cac gia thuyet

ve nguon goc dan toc Viet-Nam, bao gom :

1.- Thuyet cua giao s Leonard Aurousseau ve cuoc di c cua ngi -Viet hay Ngo-Viet sang Au-Lac. 2.- Thuyet cua Claude Madroll ve cuoc di c cua ngi Man-Viet sang Au-Lac. 3.- Thuyet cua hoc gia ao Duy-Anh, Ho Hu-Tng ve cuoc di c do thi tiet cua ngi Viet t Bac xuong Nam. Tat ca cac thuyet nay eu can c vao nhng th tch co Trung-quoc, Viet-Nam. Ma nhng th tch nay khong co mot bien chng khoa hoc nao ca.

Cuoi cung cac giao s ong nghiep a nhan nh rang : Nh vao khoa khao co, nh vao he thong khoa hoc DNA, t nay khong con nhng gia thuyet ve nguon goc toc Viet na, ma ch con lai cong cuoc nghien cu cua toi, roi ket luan :


15

Thoat ky thuy, tren vung at thuoc lanh tho Trung-quoc, Viet-Nam hien tai: Giong ngi a t chau Phi en bang hai ng. Mot la ng Nam-a, en ong Nam-a, ngc len vung Hoa Nam. Hai la t chau Phi, ti chau Au, roi sang Bac Trung-quoc. Cuoi cung ca hai giong ngi hoa lan vi nhau tren lanh tho Trung-quoc. Con trong vong 5000 nam trc Tay lch cho en nay, th toc Viet bao gom tram giong Viet song rai rac t pha nam song Trng-giang, ong ti bien, Tay ti T-xuyen, Nam ti vnh Thai-lan. Ngi Viet t Ngo-Viet di c xuong phng Nam. Ngi Man-Viet i xuong Giao-ch. Ngi Viet di c t nam song Trng-giang tranh lanh xuong Bac-Viet eu ung. o la nhng cuoc di c cua toc Viet trong lanh tho cua ho, nh cuoc di c t Bac vao Nam nam 1954 ; ch khong phai ho la ngi Trung-quoc di c xuong Nam, lap ra nc Viet.

Chnh v ly do dung he thong ADN bien biet toc Hoa, toc Viet, nen toi c mi en

ay oc bai dien van khai mac nien khoa nay. Sau ay toi trnh bay s lc ve cong trnh nghien cu o. Toi xin nhac lai, toi ch la mot bac s y-khoa, cho nen nhng nghien cu cua toi at tren ly luan thc nghiem, cung ly luan y-khoa, no hi khac vi nhng g ma cac ban a hoc.

Ghi chu cua Tang Hong Minh Sinh vien Vu-th Thu-Dung hoi: - Tha Thay, con co oc mot bo sach cua nha van Bnh Nguyen Loc noi ve nguon goc dan toc Viet-Nam. Trong bo sach o, ong khang nh rang ngi Viet goc t Ma-lai. Xin Thay cho biet y kien? - Toi cha oc bo sach o, va co oc toi cung khong the em ra ban luan ay. Giao-s Vien-trng:

- Toi xin bo tuc li dien gia. Ban tu th cua IFA su tam tat ca nhng th tch noi ve nguon goc dan toc Viet-Nam. Trc sau co 34 ngi a trnh bay. Nhng ch nhng tac gia sau ay c ghi vao album nghien cu: - Edouard Chavannes trong ban dch bo S-ky cua T Ma Thien. - Leonard Aurousseau trong bai nghien cu "La premiere conquete chinoise des pays anamites" ang trong tap ch cua trng Vien-ong bac co cua chung toi tai Ha-noi (y ch nc Phap), ky hieu BEFEO XXIII. 138-244. - Claude Madrolle, trong bai Le Tonkin Ancien ang trong BEFEO XXXVII 264-332. - Le Ch Thiep, trong Van-hoa nguyet san (VNCH) so thang 3-4 nam 1959. - ao Duy Anh, trong Nguon goc dan toc Viet-Nam, c ong Ho Hu Tng co vo trong bo Tng lai van hoa Viet-Nam. - Gan ay, giao s Nguyen Khac Ng trong bo Nguon goc dan toc Viet-Nam, xb nam 1985 Canada.


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- Mot so cac bai cua giao s Lng Kim nh, Nguyen ang-Thuc va Tien-s Thai Van Kiem, hoi vien Han-lam-vien Hai-ngoai cua Phap-quoc.. Mot so tac gia viet ch vi muc ch khoa trng, lap d, hoac khong co can c, hoac thieu kien thc, chung toi khong ghi vao th muc nghien cu, nen Giao-s Tran ai-Sy khong tham khao, va d nhien khong em ra ban ay: - Paul Francastel trong Origine du Viet-Nam, France Asie xb. - Nguyen Phng trong Tien trnh hnh thanh dan toc Viet-Nam, tap ch ai-hoc Hue thang 4 nam 1963. - Bnh Nguyen Loc trong tac pham ma em a oc.

IV. PHNG PHAP NGHIEN CU

Trong viec i tm nguon goc toc Viet, toi a dung phng phap y-khoa nhieu nhat, va phng phap khoa hoc mi ay. Toi a c giao s Tarentino ve khoa Anatomie cua Y va giao s sinh vat Vareilla Pascale cua Phap tch cc giup . Toi ch muon chng minh rang trong khoang 5000 trc Tay-lch, lanh tho toc Viet nam t pha Nam song Trng-giang ti vnh Thai-lan. Pha Tay ti tnh T-xuyen Trung-quoc , pha ong ti bien Nam-hai. Ngha la bao gom toan bo Hoa-Nam, va ong-dng.

1. Dung bien chng y-khoa vao khao co. Bien chng can ban cua ngi nghien cu y-khoa la : Khi co chng trang, at co nguyen do Bien chng nay a giup toi rat nhieu trong khi nghien cu ve nguon goc toc Viet. Khi

nghien cu, nhng tai lieu co, du la huyen thoai, du la huyen s, du la triet hoc, toi cung coi la chat lieu quan trong. Nh toi a trnh bay, nc toi co mot ton giao, ma toan dan eu theo o la th cac anh hung dan toc. Tai nhng en th ch v anh hung, thng co mot cuon pho ke s tch cac ngai. V theo thi gian, tieu s cac ngai b dan chung huyen thoai hoa i, riet roi thanh hoang ng. Cho nen nhng hoc gia i tien phong, nghien cu ve s hoc Viet thng bo qua. Toi lai suy ngh khac :

Khong co nguyen do , sao co chng trang ? . V vay toi a tm ra rat nhieu ieu ly thu. Ty du : Bat c mot nha nghien cu nao, khi

khao ve thi vua An-Dng cung cho rang chuyen than Kim-quy do vua mong lam no ban mot luc hang nghn mui ten khien Trieu-a b bai la hoang ng, la ma trau au ran. Nhng toi lai tin va cuoi cung toi tm ra s that. Hoi ay Cao Canh hau Cao No a che ra no lien chau, nh sung lien thanh ngay nay. Toi cung tm ra kch thc cua ba mui ten ong cua no nay.(4)


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Trc toi a co cac nha khao co can c vao xng so tm c tai Trung va Bac-phan (70 cai). Trong o co 38 cai do ngi Phap su tam thuoc thi ai o-a, th 29/38 cai c ket luan la thuoc chung loai Malanesien, Indonesien, Australoide hay Nam-a. Vi 29 cai th khong the ket luan rang o la toan the. Gan ay cac hoc gia Viet-Nam lai tm ra 32 xng so, thuoc thi ai o-sat (1000 nam trc Tay-lch en 300 sau Tay-lch), th 22/27 thuoc chung loai Mongoide. Vi 32 cai th khong the ket luan rang o la toan the toc Viet thuoc chung loai Mongoide.

Nhng tac gia tren a can c vao ch so xng so ma ket luan. Nhng y hoc a tien bo,

can c vao ch so xng so e nh nguon goc a b anh o. Nguyen do : Khi con ngi di c en vung khac, b kh hau, b nc uong, b thc pham lam thay oi xng so. Chung toi dung he thong ADN, he thong sinh hoc mi nhat th nghiem ngay nhng ngi ang song cua 35 dong ho tai Hoa Nam vi Viet-Nam, roi vi nhng dong ho khac tai Hoa Bac. Lai cung th nghiem nhng bo xng cua ba vung tren, khong phan biet thi gian. Cuoi cung chung toi tm ra s khac biet cua nhng toc Hoa Nam, Viet Nam vi nhng toc Hoa Bac, va i en ket luan : lanh tho Van-lang, ti ho ong-nh. (5)

Ghi chu cua Tang Hong Minh Mot quan khach, n giao s khoa Thien-van hoc ten Madeleine Chevalier hoi: - ADN la g? Toi nghe noi, cung nh oc tren bao hoai, ma khong biet ro chi tiet cai he thong nay? Tran ai-Sy: - Toi xin nhng li cho Giao-s Vareilla Pascale chuyen khoa ve van e nay tra li. Vareilla Pascale: - Cam n Giao-s Tran ai-Sy a cho toi danh d tra li Giao-s Chevalier. ADN viet tat cua t Acide desoxyribonucleique, tieng Anh la Deoxyribosenucleic acide, viet tat la DNA. ( Phan nay kha dai, khoang 20 trang A4, chung toi khong dch het, v qua chuyen mon, ch danh cho sinh vien y khoa.)

2. Nhng van e. Ranh gii pha Nam cua nc Van-lang ti nc Ho-ton a qua ro rang. Ranh gii pha

Tay vi Ba-thuc, pha ong vi bien lai tuy thuoc vao ranh gii pha Bac. Neu nh ranh gii pha Bac qua ti ho ong-nh, th ranh gii pha Tay chac phai giap Ba-thuc va pha ong phai giap ong-hai. Co thc nh the khong?

V vay toi i tm ranh gii pha Bac.

Di ay la huyen thoai, huyen s ma toi a bau vu vao e i nghien cu. Toi can tra cu cho ra:


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Van e th nhat, Co s Viet eu noi rang ranh gii pha Bac ti ho ong-nh. Co thc nh vay khong?

Truyen thuyet noi e-Minh lap an te cao tri at, roi chia thien ha lam hai. T Ngu-lnh ve Bac cho e-Nghi, sau thanh Trung-quoc. T Ngu-lnh ve Nam truyen cho vua Kinh-Dng sau thanh Van-lang.

Nui Ngu-lnh, ho ong-nh nay van con. Nhng lieu co di tch g chng minh chang?

Toi phai i tm Ngu-lnh, ho ong-nh.

Van e th nh, Truyen thuyet noi : Sau khi vua Kinh-Dng, vua Lac-Long ket hon, eu len nui Tam-

sn tren ho ong-nh hng thanh phuc ba nam. Luc ngai len nui co chn van hoa tam xuan n. Toi phai i tm nui Tam-sn ho ong-nh. Lieu tren nui nay co di tch g ve cuoc tnh nam nghn nam trc chang?

Van e th ba, Truyen s noi : Sau khi Quoc-to Lac-Long, Quoc-mau Au-C cho cac hoang t i bon

phng qui dan lap ap, dan rang : Moi nam ve Tng-ai chau Quoc-to, Quoc-mau mot lan. Co s noi : Quoc-to dan nam mi con xuong bien, Quoc-mau dan nam mi con len

nui, hen moi nam mot lan gap nhau canh ong Tng. Canh ong Tng au? Neu co canh ong Tng th cung co the ket luan rang bien

gii nc Van-lang ti ho ong-nh. Toi phai i tm.

Van e th t, chng tch th nhat xac nh: Bo S-ky cua T-ma, Nam-Viet liet truyen co thuat viec: vua nc Nam-Viet la Trieu-a thng em quan quay nhieu bien gii Viet-Han la Nam-quan, Trng-sa (Mau-Ngo 183 trc Tay-lch). Nh vay bien gii Nam-Viet (Tc Viet-Nam) vi Han ( Tc Trung-quoc) vung nay. Ngay nay Trng-sa la thu phu cua tnh Ho-nam, nam ngay Nam ngan song Trng-giang.

Van e th nam, Huyen s noi rang : trong cuoc khi ngha cua vua Trng: - Khi Trng Nh, Tran Nang, Phat Nguyet, Lai The-Cng, Tran Thieu-Lan em quan

anh Trng-sa (39 sauTay-lch), th n tng Tran Thieu-Lan t tran, mo chon ghenh Tham-giang (s that o la Tng-giang thong vi ho ong-nh).

- Sau o t nam co tran anh gia Lnh-Nam va Han (42 sau Tay-lch). Tng Lnh-Nam tong tran ho ong-nh la Phat Nguyet, tng Han la Ma Vien, Lu Long (40 sau Tay-lch).


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Co thc the khong? Co hai tran Trng-sa, ho ong-nh khong? Neu co th ranh gii thi Lnh-Nam (40-43 sau Tay-lch) qua ti ho ong-nh.

Van e th sau, Nam 42, sau Tay-lch, ba tng thong lnh K-binh thi vua Trng la ao Chieu-Hien,

ao o-Thong, ao Tam-Lang, anh nhau vi quan Han tai Bo-lang thuoc Tng-quan, v quan t, the co, ba ong t t. Vay Bo-lang au? Co tran nay khong? Neu co tran nay th ranh gii Lnh-Nam pha Tay qua ti Ba-thuc (T-xuyen.) Tha Quy-v,

Nhng cac s gia gan ay (1900-1975) eu at nghi van rang : Lam g bien gii thi Van-Lang rong nh vay? Neu co ch vao pha Bac bien gii Hoa-Viet hien nay tram cay so la cung. Lai cung co nhng ngi dot nat (1975-1991), khong u sach oc, khong theo kp s tien trien cua y hoc, ho ch oc nhng tai lieu sai lam, roi ho nh con nga keo xe, ch biet co vay, chung toi thay ho ngu dot qua, nen khong tra li, cung nh giai thch.

Toi can c vao nhng chng trang tren ma i tm nguon goc.

V. I TM BIEN GII NC VAN-LANG

1. Nui Ngu-lnh.

Cuoi nam Canh-Than (1980) toi lay may bay i Bac-kinh, roi oi may bay Bac-kinh i Trng-sa. Trng-sa la thu phu cua tnh Ho-nam. Tat ca di tch cua toc Viet nh ho ong-nh, nui Tam-sn, nui Ngu-lnh, song Tng, Thien-ai, Tng-ai, canh ong Tng eu nam tnh nay.

Toi i nghien cu vi mot th gii thieu cua gii chc cao cap y hoc Phap-Hoa

(CMFC). Co mot s hieu lam ln, v trong th gii thieu cac gii chc y-khoa ch xin c giup cho toi, nen khi toi muon tiep xuc vi s du-lch, ty van hoa a phng, ho eu tng toi ti Trng-sa e nghien cu s cau tao hnh the cung benh tat dan chung tai ay. Thanh ra toi b mat kha nhieu th gi nghe thuyet trnh cua cac ong nghiep ve van e nay. Toi c ngu trong khach san Trng-sa tan iem nam tren ai lo Nhan-dan. Toi mua cuon a phng ch mi nhat cua tnh, roi mo vao th vien ty van hoa, s bao ve co-tch, ai-hoc van-khoa, luc loi nhng tai lieu co, ma ngay nhng sinh vien van khoa cung t ai ghe mat ti.

au tien toi i tm nui Ngu-lnh. Khong kho nhoc, toi thay ngay o la nam day nui gan

nh ngan oi Nam, Bac Trung-quoc :


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- Mot la ai-du lnh. - Hai la Que-dng, Ky-ien lnh. - Ba la Cu-chan, o-lung lnh. - Bon la Lam gia, Minh-ch lnh. - Nam la Thuy-an, Viet-thanh lnh. Ve v tr :

- Ngon Thuy-an, Viet-thanh chay t tnh Phuc-kien, en huyen Tuan-mai tnh Quang-ong.

- Ngon ai-du chay t huyen ai-du (Nam-an), tnh Giang-Tay en huyen Nam-hung tnh Quang-ong.

- Ngon Cu-chan, o-lung chay t ao-huyen tnh Ho-nam ti Gia- huyen tnh Quang-tay.

- Ngon Lam-gia, Minh-ch chay t Lam-huyen tnh Ho-Nam en Lien-huyen tnh Quang-ong.

- Ngon Que-dng t Toan-huyen tnh Ho-nam ti huyen Que-lam tnh Quang-tay . Lap tc toi thue xe i mot vong tham cac nui nay. Toi i mat mi ngay, trai gan

15.000 cay so. Nh vay la Ngu-lnh co that, nay co nui a oi ten, co nui van gi ten cu. Mot cau hoi

at ra : Tai sao khi vua Minh phan chia t Ngu-lnh ve Nam thuoc Loc-Tuc ma lnh a Viet ti ho ong-nh, ma ho pha Bac nui en may tram cay so. Toi giai oan nh the nay :

- Mot la vua Minh te tri tren nui Ngu-lnh la ni ngi gap tien roi chia a gii. Nhng bay gi dan cha ong, ma song Trng-giang rong menh mong, song ln quanh nam nen vua Nghi ch gi t Bac ngan ma thoi. Con vua Kinh-Dng th sinh trng vung nay, lai na lay con vua ong-nh (mot tieu quoc), nen tha ke luon vung at cua nhac gia.

- Hai la dan chung Nam-ngan Trng-giang vi vung Nam Ngu-lnh von cung mot kh hau, phong tuc, nen ho theo ve Nam khong theo ve Bac, thanh th ho ong-nh mi thuoc lanh a Viet.

Ket luan : Qua co nui Ngu-lnh phan chia Nam, Bac Trung-quoc hien thi, vay co the nui nay ung la ni phan chia lanh tho Van-Lang va Trung-Quoc khi xa .

Anh sang a soi vao nghi van huyen thoai.

2. Thien-ai ni te cao cua vua Minh.

Tng truyen vua Minh lap an te cao tri at tren nui Que-dng, phan chia lanh tho Lnh-Bac tc Trung-Quoc, Lnh-Nam tc ai-Viet. an te o goi la Thien-ai. Nhng day nui Que-dng co may chuc ngon nui nho khong biet ngon Thien-ai la ngon nao ? Tren ban o


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khong ghi. Sau toi hoi tham dan chung th ho ch cho toi thay nui Thien-ai nam gan ben b Tng-giang. ieu nay de hieu, ty nh ngay nay, du khach nhn ban o se khong thay a iem Sai-gon. Nhng trong dan chung, ho van nh ten cu.

Toi i tham Thien-ai. Thien-ai la ngon oi nho, cao 179m, nh tron co ng thoai thoai i len. Tren nh

co ngoi chua nho, nay e hoang. Tuy chua c cap huyen bao ton nhng khong co ngi tru tr. Chua xay bang gach nung, mai lp ngoi. Lau ngay chua khong c tu bo, nhieu cho ngoi b l, b khuyet. Tng mat het va, gach b mon nhieu cho gan nh lun sau. Duy nen vi cong bang a la con nguyen, tuy nhieu cho a b bong ra. Ben trong cot keo bang go a nt ne kha nhieu. Nhng cau oi , ch con, ch mat.

Tai th vien Ho-nam toi tm c mot tai lieu rat cu, giay hoen o, nhng ch viet nh

phng mua rong bay, gom 60 trang. au e ghi :

Thien-ai di s luc Trinh-quan tien s Chu Minh-Van soan.

Trinh-quan la nien hieu cua vua ng Thai-Tong, t nam inh-Hi (627) en inh-

Mui (647) nhng khong biet Chu o tien-s nam nao ? Tuy sach do Chu Minh-Van soan, nhng dng nh ban nguyen thuy khong con. Ban

nay do ngi sau sao chep lai vao i Thanh Khang-Hy. Noi dung sach co ba phan. Phan cua Chu Minh-Van soan, phan chep tiep theo Chu Minh-Van, cua mot s ni ten am-Chi, khong ro chep vao bao gi. Phan th ba chep phap danh cac v tru tr t khi lap chua ti thi Khang-Hy (1662-1772). Chu Minh-Van la tien s i ng, nen van cua ong thuoc loa van co rat suc tch, ay nhng ien co cung thanh ng lay trong T-th, Ngu-kinh cung kinh Phat. Nhan vien quan thu th vien thay toi oc de dang, ch lt qua la hieu ngay, ong ta ngac nhien kham phuc vo cung. Nhng neu ong ay biet rang, toi ch c hoc loai van o vao hoi sau, bay tuoi th ong se het phuc. Tai lieu Chu Minh-Van cung nhac lai viec vua Minh i tuan thu phng Nam, ket hon vi nang tien sinh ra Loc-Tuc.Vua lap an tai nui nay e te cao tri at, v vay ai cung mang ten Thien-ai nui cung mang ten Thien-ai sn, Minh-Van con ke them :

Co thi tren nh nui ch co Thien-ai th vua e Minh, vua Kinh-ng. en thi

ong-Han, mot tng cua vua Ba ten ao Hien-Hieu c lenh rut khoi Trng-sa. Khi rut ti Que-dng ong cung nghn quan len Thien-ai le, nghe ngi gi en ke s tch xa. Ong cung quan s nhat nh t chien, khien Lu Long thiet may van ngi mi chiem c nui. Ve i ng e xoa vet tch Viet-Hoa cung Nam Bac, cac quan c sai sang o ho Lnh-Nam mi cho xay chua tai ay .


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Toi biet vua Ba la vua Trng, con tng ao Hien-Hieu la em con chu cua Bac-bnh vng ao Ky. Ngai ao Ky lnh chc ai T-ma thi vua Trng. Con tng ao Hien-Hieu tc phong quoc cong, gi chc Ho-nha ai tng quan. N tng Hoang Thieu-Hoa ch huy tran rut lui khoi Trng-sa, ho ong-nh, a sai Hien-Hieu i can hau, ong nut chan Thien-ai, i quan Lnh-Nam rut het, se rut sau. Nhng Hien-Hieu cung ch quan len nui thay di tch thi Quoc-to, Quoc-mau, a khong chu lui quan, t chien, khien quan Han chet khong biet bao nhieu ma ke tai ay.

Ngoai cong chua co hai oi cau oi :

Thoat than Nam thanh xng s to, Tho phap Tay-thien dien Phat- kinh.

Hai cau nay ngu y ca tung Thai-t Tat-at-a ang em ra khoi thanh i tm le giai

thoat sau o ac phap Tay-thien, i giang kinh.

Tam bao linh ng, phong ieu vu thuan,

Phat cong hien hach quoc thai an dan.

Hai cau nay la ngu y noi : Tam bao linh thieng, khien cho ma thuan, gio hoa o la cong lao cua nha Phat khien quoc thai dan an .

Ni co dau vet Thien- ai, con oi cau oi khac vao a :

Thien-ai ai ai phan Nam, Bac. Lnh a nien nien d Viet-thng.

Ngha la: T sau vu vua Minh te cao ay, ai thanh Thien-ai, biet bao i phan ra

Nam, Bac. Nui Ngu-lnh nam nay qua nam khac vi giong giong Viet-thng. Cho mieu th cua ao Hien-Hieu co oi cau oi :

Nhat kiem Nam-ho kinh Vu-e, Thien ao Bac-lnh tran Lu Long.

Ngha la : Mot kiem anh tran pha Nam ho ong-nh lam kinh tam vua Quang-Vu

nha Han. Y ch n tng Phat-Nguyet anh bai Ma Vien pha Nam ho ong-nh. Mot nghn tay ao do Hien-Hieu thu Bac nui Ngu-lnh tran Lu Long.


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Ket luan : Nh vay viec vua Minh te cao tri at la co that. V co Thien-ai nen thi Lnh-Nam mi co tran ho ong-nh. Hai s kien o chng to lanh a thi vua Trng cung nh Van-Lang xa qua ti Ngu-lnh, ho ong-nh .

3. Canh ong Tng, Nhac lai: Co hai huyen s noi ve canh ong Tng : - Mot la Quoc-to dan nam mi con xuong bien, Quoc-mau dan nam mi con len nui,

moi nam tai hoi nhau tren canh ong Tng mot lan. - Hai la Quoc-to, Quoc-mau truyen cac hoang t i khap bon phng quy dan lap ap,

moi nam hoi tai canh ong Tng mot lan. Toi oan : Ca hai v Quoc-to Kinh-Dng, Lac-Long sau khi ket hon eu em Quoc-mau len nui

Tam-sn tren ho ong-nh hng thanh phuc ba nam.Vay th canh ong Tng se gan au o tren ho ong-nh.

Pha Nam ho ong-nh la song Tng-giang, chay theo hng Nam-Bac dai 811 km,

lu vc ti 92500km2, che oi tnh Ho-nam vi Quang-tay. Vay canh ong Tng se nam trong lu vc Tng giang.

Toi thue thuyen i t cang Dng-lam ni xuat phat ra Tng-giang la ho ong-nh,

xuong Nam, qua Tng-am, toi dng lai, nghien cu a the cung tham chua Bach-ma. ay la a phan quan ch-dng.Vo tnh toi tm ra mot nhanh song Au-giang va mot cai ho rat ln, vao mua nc ln rong ti 4-5 mau, vao mua nc can ch con 2-3 mau ma thoi. Suot lo trnh t ho ong-nh tr xuong, tren ca song Tng cung nh hai ben b chim Au bay ln khap ni. ac biet tren Au-giang, Au-ho, giong chim nay cang nhieu vo ke. T Au-giang, toi tr lai song Tng, xuoi ti Trng-sa thu phu cua Ho-nam roi ti cac quan l Tng-am, Chu-chau, Hanh-dng, Que-dng.

Khong kho nhoc toi tm ra :

Canh ong Tng, tc la vung trung pha Tay-ngan, gii han pha Bac la ho ong-nh, Nguyen-giang. Pha Nam la Linh-lang, Hanh-giang. Pha Tay la vung Chieu-dng, Lanh-thuy. Nhng nay canh ong Tng ch con khu vc t giac : Tng-giang, Nguyen-giang, Lien-thuy, Thach-khe-thuy .

Sau khi tm ra canh ong Tng, Thien-ai, cung nhng an chim au , toi giai oan nh

the nay :


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Quoc-to Lac Long ket hon vi cong chua con e-Lai, han cong chua cung co ten. Nhng v lau ngay ngi ta khong nh c ten ngai, nen a lay con chim Au, rat hien hoa, xinh ep vung ho ong-nh, Tng-giang ma goi la Au-C (C la v vua). V ngi ta goi Quoc-mau la Au-C, th ho ngh ngay en Quoc-mau sinh e. Khi chim Au e th phai e ra trng. Con con so mot tram, la con so triet hoc Viet-Hoa dung e ch tat ca. Nh tram benh la tat ca cac benh, tram ho la toan dan. Tram con co ngha la tat ca dan ttrong nc eu la con Quoc-mau

Ket luan : a co canh ong Tng, th chuyen Quoc-to, Quoc-mau hen moi nam hoi tai ay mot lan la co. Khi s kien co nui Ngu-lnh, co Thien-ai. Nay chng c c kiem iem, th lanh a cua toc Viet xa qua ti ho ong-nh .

4. Ho ong-nh va Tam-sn

Ho ong-nh nam pha Nam song Trng-giang. Ho c coi nh ni phat tch ra toc Viet. a khu Bac song Trng-giang c goi la tnh Ho-bac, tc at Kinh-chau thu xa. a khu pha Nam song Trng-giang c goi la tnh Ho-nam. Ho ong-nh nam trong tnh Ho-nam. Ho thong vi song Trng-giang bang hai con song. Cho nen ngi ta coi ho nh ni cha nc song Trng-giang, roi o vao Tng-giang. Tren Bac-ngan ho co nui Tam-sn. Toi a len ay ba lan. Tng truyen cac cac n tng thi vua Trng nh Trng-Nh, Tran Nang, Ho e, Phat Nguyet, Tran Thieu-Lan anh chiem Trng-sa vao ngay au nam, v vay toi cung ti ay vao dp nay e thay ro phong canh, roi ta tran anh trong bo Cam-khe-di-han(6). Ho rong 3915 cay so vuong, o sau ve mua can la 38,5 met, ve mua nc ln la 39,20 met. Tra trong chnh s th qua ho ong-nh thuoc lanh a Van-Lang. Nh tren a noi, trieu ai Than-Nong Bac en i vua Du-Vong th mat vao nam 2696 trc Tay-lch, chuyen sang thi ai Hoang-e. S gia Trung-Quoc cho rang Hoang-e la to lap quoc. Noi theo triet hoc Tay phng th vua Du-Vong goc t Than-Nong thuoc nong nghiep c tru trong vung ong bang phng Nam lay hoa lam bieu hieu nen con goi la Viem-e. Con vua Hoang-e goc dan du muc, san ban, t phng Bac xuong. Dan du muc ngheo, nhng gioi chinh chien. Dan nong nhiep giau nhng khong gioi vo b nen b thua. Bo S-ky cua T-ma-Thien, quyen 1, Ngu-e ban ky chep rang :

...Thi vua Hoang-e, ho Than-Nong (Bac) a suy, ch hau chem giet lan nhau, khien tram ho khon kho vo cung. Trieu Than-Nong khong u kha nang chinh phuc. Vua Hien-Vien Hoang-e thao luyen can qua, chinh phuc nhng ch hau hung ac. V vay cac ni theo ve rat ong. Trong cac ch hau th Suy-Vu manh nhat.

Vua Du-Vong trieu Than-Nong nh em quan xam lang ch hau, nhng ch hau ch tuan lenh Hoang-e. Vua Hoang-e tu sa c o, luyen tap binh ma, vo ve tram ho, giup bon phng, luyen tap thu d roi ai chien vi vua Du-Vong Ban-tuyen, thanh cong.


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Suy-Vu lam loan, khong tuan e hieu. Hoang-e trieu tap ch hau cung Suy-Vu ai chien Trac-loc, bat song Suy Vu. Ch hau ton ngai lam Thien-t thay ho Than-Nong. Trong thien ha ni nao khong thuan vua Hoang-e em quan chinh phuc.

Lanh tho cua Hoang-e, ong ti bien, vung nui Hoan-sn, ai-tong. Pha Tay ti nui Khong-ong, Ke-au. Nam ti Giang, Hung, Tng... (7)

Song Giang ay tc la song Trng-giang, Hung ay tc la Hung-nh-sn, Tng la

Tng-sn. Bui Nhan i Tong lap giai S-ky noi rang Tng-sn thuoc Trng-sa.

Ket luan : T chnh s, huyen-s eu cho biet lnh a Van-lang ti ho ong-nh. Khi vua Hoang-e dt trieu Than-Nong Bac, th trieu Than-Nong Nam tc ho Hong-bang con keo dai en 2439 nam na. Lanh tho Trung-quoc thi Hoang-e cung ch ti song Trng-giang. Pha Nam bao gom Trng-sa, ho ong-nh van thuoc Van-lang.

Khi chnh s ghi chep nh vay th viec Quoc-to, Quoc-mau vi ho ong-nh, nui Tam-

sn khong con la huyen thoai na. Vay chuyen cac ngai len nui hng thanh phuc nen ghi vao chnh s.

5. Bien gii lnh a toc Viet the ky 2 trc Tay lch.

S Han la bo S-ky cua T-ma Thien. S Viet nh bo ai-Viet s ky toan th, Kham-nh Viet-s thong giam cng muc, eu ghi rang vao the ky th nh trc Tay-lch, thi Trieu a cai tr lnh a toc Viet, bien gii van con vung Trng-sa, ho ong-nh.

S Han, s Viet eu chep chi tiet giong nhau ve vu Trieu a lap quoc lanh tho Lnh-

Nam. Tan Thuy- Hoang sai o Th mang quan sang anh Au-lac, chiem c vung at pha Bac, lap lam ba quan :

- Nam-hai (Quang-ong va mot phan Phuc-kien), - Que-lam (Quang-tay, Ho-nam va mot phan Qu chau), - Tng-quan (Van-nam va mot phan Quy-chau). Vua An-Dng sai Trung-tn hau Vu Bao-Trung va Cao-canh hau Cao No em quan

chong, giet c o Th va tieu diet na trieu quan Tan. Tuy vay vua An-Dng cung khong chiem lai vung at a mat.

Sau nhan thi the loan lac, mot vien quan Tan la Trieu a tran vung Nam-hai, em

quan chiem vung Tng-quan, Que-lam, roi dung gian iep trong vu an M-Chau, Trong-Thuy ma chiem c Au-lac lap ra nc Nam-Viet. Lanh tho nc Nam-Viet bao gom nhng vung nao ? Khong mot s gia nao chep ro rang. Nhng c nhng s kien le te, ta cung co the biet rang lanh a Nam-Viet la lanh a thi Van-lang.


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Trong khi Trieu a lap nghiep phng Nam, th cuoc noi chien phng Bac cham dt. Hang Vu, Lu Bang diet Tan, roi Lu Bang thang Hang Vu lap ra nha Han. Lu Bang len ngoi vua sai Luc Gia sang phong chc tc cho Trieu a. ung ra Trieu a cung khong chu than phuc nha Han, nhng ho hang than thuoc, mo ma cua Trieu a eu vung Chan-nh. a s nha Han tru diet ho hang, cung ao mo cuoc ma to tien len ma phai lui bc.

Nam 183 trc Tay-lch, Cao-to nha han la Lu Bang chet, La-hau chuyen quuyen cam

ban hat giong, thu vat cai, kim kh sang Nam-Viet. Trieu a khong than phuc nha Han, roi em quan anh Trng-sa, Nam-quan.

Ket luan : Trng-sa la quan bien cng cua Han. Vay t nhat lanh tho Nam-Viet, Bac ti Trng-sa. Nam quan la quan pha Bac song Trng-giang. Ma Nam-quan la quan bien cng Han, th bien gii Nam-Viet t nhat ti Nam-ngan song Trng-giang .

6. Lnh a thi vua Trng

6.1. Vua Ba cua Trung-quoc la vua Trng, Trong nhng nam 1978-1979 khi dan phai oan Uy-ban y hoc Phap-Hoa (CMFC) i

trao oi tai cac tnh cc Nam Trung-Quoc nh Quang-ong, Quang-tay, Van-nam, Quy-chau va T-xuyen... toi thay khap cac tnh nay, khong t th nhieu eu co ao th vua Ba. Nhng toi khong tm c tieu s vua Ba ra sao. Ngay nhng can bo Trung-quoc a phng, ho luon e cao vua Ba, ma ho cung ch biet l m vua Ba la ngi noi len chong tham quan. Khap nam tnh, toi ghi chu c hn tram en, mieu th nhng tng lnh thi vua Ba.

Bay gi toi lai tm thay Ho-nam, nhieu di tch ve ao th vua Ba hn. Tai th vien

bao ton di tch co, toi tm thay mot cuon pho rat co, soan vao the ky th tam chep s tch n vng Phat Nguyet nh sau :

Ngay xa, Ngoc-hoang Thng-e ng tren ien Linh-tieu, co hai cong chua ng

hau.V s y hai cong chua anh v chen ngoc. Ngoc-hoang Thng-e noi gian ay hai cong chua xuong ha gii. Hai cong chua i au thai c may ngay th Tien-lai gi so tien-gii tau rang co 162 tien au thai xuong theo hai cong chua.

Ngoc-hoang Thng-e s cong chua lam loan ha gii, ngai mi truyen Thanh-y ong t au thai e theo dep loan. Thanh-y ong t s ch khong lai hai cong chua, co y ngan ng khong dam i. Ngoc-hoang Thng-e truyen Nh thap bat tu au thai theo.

Thanh-y ong t sau la vua Quang Vu nha Han. Nh thap bat tu au thai thanh hai mi tam v van than vo tng i ong-Han.

Con hai cong chua au thai xuong quan Giao-ch, vao nha ho Trng. Ch la Trac, em la Nh. Luc Trng Trac sinh ra co hng thm ay nha, thong minh quan chung, co sc manh bat sn c nh, c ga cho ang Thi-Sach.


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Thi-Sach lam phan, b Thai-thu To nh giet chet. Trng Trac cung em la Trng Nh phat c khi ngha, c 162 anh hung cac ni noi len giup sc, nen ch trong mot thang chiem het sau quan cua Trung-quoc pha Nam song Trng-giang : Cu-chan, Nhat-nam, Giao-ch, Que-lam, Tng-quan, Nam-hai. Ch tng ton Trng Trac len lam vua, thng goi la vua Ba.

Quang-Vu nha Han sai Phuc-ba tng quan Tan-tc hau Ma Vien. Long-nhng tng quan Than-hau Lu Long em quan dep giac. Vua Ba sai n tng Phat Nguyet tong tran ho ong-nh. Ma Vien, Lu Long b bai.Vua Quang Vu truyen Nh thap bat tu nghenh chien, cung b bai. N vng Phat Nguyet phep tac vo cung, mot tay nho nui Nga-mi, mot tay nho nui Thai-sn, anh quan Han chet, xac lap song Trng-giang, ho ong-nh, oan kh boc len ti tri.

Ngoc-hoang Thng-e sai thien-binh, thien-tng tr chien cung b bai. Ngai phai sai than Du Liet sang Tay phng cau cu Phat Nh Lai. c Phat sai mi tam v Kim-cng, ba ngan La-han tr chien cung b bai. Cuoi cung ngai truyen Quan The Am bo tat tham chien. N vng Phat-Nguyet vi Quan-Am au phep ba ngay ba em, bat phan thang bai. Sau Quan The Am thuyet phap n vng Phat Nguyet giac ngo, bo i tu.

Ta nhan ngay lanh, viet lai chuyen xa, xin dang oi cau oi :

Tch tru ong-nh uy tran Han, Phng lu thanh s lc phu Trng (Mot tran ong-nh uy tran Han Ten con trong s sc phu Trng).

Bo ra ngoai nhng huyen hoac ve N-vng Phat-Nguyet, tai lieu chng minh : ao

th vua Ba tai nam tnh Nam Trung-quoc la di tch cua long ton knh th anh hung dan toc cua toc Viet tren lanh tho cu cua ngi Viet con sot lai. Vua Ba ma ngi Trung-hoa th nh mot th ton giao, chnh la vua Trng.

Ket luan : Khi a co n tng Phat Nguyet anh tran Trng-sa, ho ong-nh. Ma co tran ho ong-nh th lanh tho thi Lnh-Nam, pha Bac qua ti pha Nam song Trng-giang .

6.2. Qua co tran Trng-sa, ho ong-nh nam 39 sau Tay-lch, Huyen s (nhng cuon pho) noi rang : Khi ba Trng Nh cung cac tng Tran Nang,

Phat Nguyet, Tran Thieu-Lan, Lai The-Cng anh Trng-sa vao au nam Ky-Hi (39 sau Tay-lch). Trong tran anh nay, n tng Tran Thieu-Lan t tran, c mai tang ghenh song Tham-giang(8). Tham-giang chnh la oan song ngan Bac, tiep noi vi ho ong-nh. Mot cuon pho khac, chep vao thi Nguyen noi rang : Cac s than trieu Ly, Tran, Le khi qua ay eu co sam le vat en cung mieu th ba Tran Thieu-Lan. Nam 1980 toi en ay tm hieu. Khong kho nhoc toi tm ra trong cuon a phng ch, do s du lch Trng-sa cap, mot oan chep :


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Mieu th liet n Tran Thieu-Lan au song Tng. Hoi cach mang van hoa b pha huy. Tng ong b nau ra. Ve binh o pha luon ca bia a .

Toi tm ti ni, th mieu ch con lai cai nen bang a ong, mo van con.(9).

Ket luan : Thi Lnh-Nam qua co viec Trng Nh, Tran Nang, Ho e, Tran Thieu-Lan, Lai The-Cng anh tran Trng-sa. Trong tran, n tng Tran Thieu-Lan tuan quoc. Khi co tran anh nay, th lanh a thi Lnh-Nam qua gom co ho Trng-sa , ho ong- nh .

6.3. Qua co tran Bo-lang, nam 42 sau Tay-lch, Huyen s ke rang: ba tng ho ao la Chieu-Hien, o Thong va Tam-Lang c vua

Trng trao cho tran tai Tng-quan (Van-nam) . Nhng v quan t, the co, ba ong khong chong lai vi quan Han, do Vng Ba ch huy. Ba ong a t tan. Hien tai en th cua ba ong co oi cau oi:

Tng-quan dng uy nhieu tng lc, Bo-lang tuan tiet tan than trung.

Ngha la: tran Tng-quan dng oai, ro tai tng gioi. Ben Bo-lang tuan tiet, to ra than

trung. Hau het cac s gia eu cho rang: Bo-lang tc la ben Bo-e, ngoai o Thang-long. Va

lanh tho Viet-Nam hoi o au co rong vay? Toi khong tin ly luan nay. Toi quyet co tran Tng-quan. V sao? V ba ngai chien au

tai Tng-quan, khi Tng-quan that thu, tuan tiet th tuan tiet tai cho, co au rut t Tng-quan ve ti Long-bien (Ha-noi) trai may nghn cay so, roi mi t t? Va cai ten ben Bo-e mi xuat hien vao nam 1427-1428 khi vua Le Thai-to vay ong-o (Thang-long).

V vay, trong dp he nam 1982, toi cam au phai oan CMFC sang Van-Nam, Trung-

quoc, e nghien cu ve mot giong tra co kha nang tr tuyet chng Cholesterol, Triglyceride... Li dung dp nhay, toi quyet tm cho ra s thc.

Ghi chu cua Tang Hong Minh Phai oan gom: Trng-oan: Bac-s Tran ai-Sy, Thanh vien: Bac-s Pascale Vareilla (Biologie), Claude Tarentino (Anatomie), Antonio

Fernandes (Cardiologie.) Cac dc s: Valerie Cordinante, Jean Marie Limager. Ky s canh nong Antoine Reynault, va mot dien vien ien anh Hng-cang.


29

Trong chng trnh phai oan ch cong tac tai cac vung thuoc Van-Nam nh: Chieu-dng, ong-xuyen, Khau-bac, Nguyen-dng, Bao-sn, ien-Bac, Con-minh; roi dung phi c t Con-minh tr ve Paris. Nhng khi ti ong-xuyen, giao s Tran ai-Sy tm ra dau vet cuoc chien gia quan vua Trng va quan Han, ma khong ro rang cho lam. Ong dan phai oan tr lai Con-minh, sau khi thao luan vi giao-s s hoc oan Dng cua ai hoc Van-s, c giao s oan cho biet: "Trong truyen thuyet dan gian noi rang hoi au the ky th nhat co tran anh gia quan vua Ba vi quan Han tai Bo-lang. Nay Bo-lang nam tren lanh tho T-xuyen, cho nga ba song Trng-giang va O-giang." The la giao s Tran ai-Sy e ngh phai oan dung ng thuy ve Ho-Nam, sau o ap phi c t Ho-Nam ra Hng-cang, roi i Paris.

Tren ng t o-khau (Van-Nam) i Ho-Nam, se qua... Bo-lang. c i chi, d nhien phai oan mng khong sao ta siet!!!. D nhien tui tien cua CMFC vi i 53.074 dollars na e chi cho phai oan.

Theo toi, vi so tien ay, ma ket qua tm c Tay-bien cua Lnh-Nam, cung re chan. The nhng khi tr ve Paris, vu nay on ai ra ngoai, mot Bac-s Viet-Nam ten Tran L.(tng la bo trng Y-te hoi VNCH), viet th cho ong bo trng Van-hoa Phap, to cao Giao-s Tran ai-Sy li dung chc vu trng oan cong tac y khoa, e tm di tch co s viet sach. Ong Bo-trng tra li ai y:

"Bac-s Tran ai-Sy khong dung mot xu (centimes) nao cua chnh phu Phap, nen bo khong co tham quyen."

Cuoi th ong Bo-trng ha mot cau: " V du Bac-s Tran ai-Sy co li dung chc vu, co dung tien cua bo Van-hoa, ma tm t

lieu lam giau cho th vien Phap th la ieu ang khuyen khch. Hn na tai lieu o lam li cho Viet-Nam, Ong (Tran L.) phai vui mng mi phai ch."

Tang Hong Minh toi la ngi Viet goc Hoa, toi xin tiet lo mot chi tiet nay, e cac v oc gia Viet-Nam suy ngh!!!

The la phai oan dung tau i t o-khau theo Kim-sa-giang (Trng-giang) qua Nam-

khe, Giang-tan, Trung-khanh, ti nga ba song O-giang, Trng-giang th gap ben Bo-lang. Tai ay toi c s du-lch ch cho xem mieu th ba v than, tng cua vua Ba. Nhng ho khong biet ten vua Ba cung ba v tng. Ca vung nay co ao th vua Ba (len ong). Hoi trc 1949 rat thnh. Sau cach mang Van-hoa (1965-1967) mieu c cap cho dan chung . Hoi hng dan vien du lch ve vua Ba, ho ch cho biet vua Ba la ngi noi len chong tham quan thi Han. Toi en tham mieu. Mieu kha ln, chu ho trong mieu trc ay la can bo Van-hoa Bo-lang.

Trc mieu co nhieu cau oi, nay ch con lai co ba. Ong chu ho khoe rang e bao ton

di tch van hoa, hang nam ong phai mua sn to ch cho khoi mat:

Khang khai, phu Trng, thi bat li, oan trng, truc nh, tiet can van.

Ngha la: Khang khai phu vua Trng, ngat thi cua Ngai khong lau. uoi c To nh,

nhng au long thay, phai t tan, kh tiet ngut tng may.


30

Toi xin vao trong mieu xem, th be th nay la ni v chong ong nam ngu. Hai ben be cung co oi cau oi.

Giang-thng tam anh phu n chua, Bo-lang bach toc khoc than trung.

Ngha la: Tren song Trng-giang, ba v anh hung pho ta n chua. Tai ben Bo-lang,

tram ho khoc cho cac v than trung thanh. Ong chu ho th cho rang bach toc la toan dan Trung-quoc. Toi giang cho ong nghe ve

s tch tram con cua Quoc-to, Quoc-mau. V vay ch bach toc ay e ch ngi Viet. Ong thch lam. Ong ch vao khoang trong cua hai cai cot thuat rang trc kia cung co oi cau oi, nhng b vac mat. Ong e ngh toi lam mot oi khac thay the. Toi nh hng dan vien du lch mua gium hai hop sn. Mot hop sn o loai lang va mot hop loai thiep vang. Ong vi toi sn cot mau o. Chieu hom o sn o kho, toi tr lai viet bang sn thiep vang oi cau oi co san tai en th ba ngai thon Ngoc-ong, huyen Gia-lam, Ha-noi:

Tai Bac tc chinh tran, cong cao truc nh, Bo-lang dng no lang, ngha trong phu Trng.

Ngha la: Ai Bac yeu gio bui can qua, cong cao uoi To nh. Bo-lang noi bao ao, ngha nang phu vua Trng.

Ket luan: Nh vay th qua co tran Tng-quan. Ma co tran Tng-quan th bien gii Lnh-Nam hoi ay giap Ba-Thuc, tc T-xuyen ngay nay.

7. Nghien cu nhng khai quat

Vao nhng nam 1964-1965, giao s luat khoa Vu Van Mau ang soan thao tai lieu ve co luat Viet-Nam. Ngi giup giao s Mau oc sach co la Hoang-trieu tien-s Nguyen Sy-Giac. Cu Giac tuy thong kinh ien, th tch co, nhng lai khong biet ngoai ng, cung phng phap phan tch, tong hp Tay-phng. Cu gii thieu toi vi giao s Mau. Toi a giup giao s Mau oc, soan cac th tch lien quan en co luat. Chnh v vay tap tai lieu Co-luat Viet Nam va t phap s co chng m au Lien he gia nguon goc dan toc va Co luat Viet-Nam (10). Bay gi toi con tre, khong u tai lieu khai quat cua Trung-Quoc, cua Bac Viet-Nam, va bay gi nhng ly thuyet ve ADN cha co he thong, nen co nhieu chi tiet sai lam. Hom nay ay, toi xin loi anh linh Hoang-trieu tien-s Nguyen Sy-Giac, anh linh giao s Vu Van-Mau. Toi xin loi cac v ong nghiep hien dien, xin loi cac sinh-vien ve nhng sai lam o.


31

Trieu ai Hong-Bang thanh lap t nam 2879 nam trc Tay-lch, tng ng vi thi ai o a mai (le neolithique), tc cuoi thi ai van-hoa Bac-sn (11). Trong nhng khai quat ve thi ai nay tai Bac-Viet, ong Van-Nam, Quang-ong, Ho-Nam, ngi ta eu tm c nhng chiec ru thiet dien hnh trai soan, trong khi tai Nhat, Bac Trng-giang ch tm c loai ru thiet dien hnh ch nhat, chng to vao thi o co mot th van hoa toc Viet giong nhau.

Sang thi ai van-hoa ong-sn (12) hay o ong (age de bronze). Trong thi gian nay

a tm c trong ong ong-sn tren b song Ma (Thanh hoa). S that trong ong a tm thay toan bo cac tnh Nam Trng-giang nh Ho-nam, Quy-chau,Van-nam, Quang-ong, Quang-tay, Nam-dng, Lao (13) , Bac va Trung-Viet. Nhng Nam-dng, Lao rat t. Nhieu nhat Bac-Viet, roi ti Van-nam, Lng-quang. Phan tch thanh phan gan nh giong nhau.

ong 53%, Thec 15-16%, Ch 17-19%, Sat 4%. Mot t vang bac.

Khao ve y-phuc, mo ma, rang xng trong cac ngoi mo, qua cac thi ai cho en het the ky th nhat sau Tay-lch, toi thay trong cac vung Nam Trng giang cho en Trung Bac-Viet, cung Lao, Thai eu giong nhau. Bay gi dung he thong ADN kiem nhng bo xng, kiem mau ngi song, chung toi a bien biet c s khac biet vao thi Viet, Hoa lap quoc.

Ket luan:, Toc Viet qua co lnh a Bac ti ho ong-nh, Tay ti T-xuyen nh co s noi .

8. Tong ket, Sau van e toi neu ra tren, roi i tm, tat ca eu con ay u di tch. Nh vay: Bien gii

co cua nc Viet-Nam, vi cac trieu ai Hong-bang, Au-lac, Lnh-Nam pha Bac qua ti ho ong-nh, pha Tay giap T-xuyen.


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V. KET LUAN Tha Quy-v

Quy-v a cung toi i vao nhng chi tiet t huyen thoai, huyen s, co s, cung triet hoc,

cho ti tin hoc, y hoc e tm ve nguon goc dan toc Viet-Nam, ve bien gii co cua toc Viet. Trong chnh s Trung-quoc, Viet-Nam eu ghi ro rang nguon goc toc Viet, nhng cai

nguon goc o can c vao co th cua ngi Trung-hoa, nen hoan toan sai lac. Bi co th cho rang ngi Trung-hoa t sinh ra, rang ngi Viet chang qua do nhng ngi Trung-hoa di chuyen xuong lu ngu. S thc nh he thong ADN, chung ta biet rang chnh nhng ngi chau Phi en ong Nam-a trc, roi di chuyen len Hoa-Nam. Tai Hoa-Nam giong ngi nay lai hp vi giong ngi t chau Phi sang chau Au, roi t chau Au vao Trung-a, hp vi ngi Hoa-Nam ma thanh toc Han.

Nhng ngc lai, do co th Trung, Viet, hay do ADN, chung ta cung biet rat ro bien

cng nc Viet thi mi lap quoc. Hoi th au, toi song ben canh nhng nha Nho, ch oc sach ch Han cua ngi Hoa,

ngi Viet viet. Ma nhng sach nay eu chep rang toc Viet gom co tram ho khac nhau, mang ten Bach-Viet. Nhng ten Au-Viet, Lac-Viet, ong-Viet, Nam-Viet, Viet-Thng eu thuoc Bach-Viet ca. Cai ten tram ho hay tram Viet (Bach-Viet) phat xuat t huyen thoai vua Lac-Long sinh ra tram con. Tram co ngha la toan the, tat ca, ch khong hoan toan la con so nh ta tng ngay nay (14).

Cac v co hoc, hoc co s, roi coi lnh a toc Viet bao gom pha Nam song Trng-

giang lay moc la ho ong-nh vi song Tng, nui Ngu-lnh la ng nhien. Chnh hoi nho, khi hoc tai trng Phap, vao thi ky 13-14 tuoi, toi ch c hoc vai trang ngan ngui ve nguon goc toc Viet, trong khi o gia nh cho toi oc may bo s dai hang may chuc nghn trang cua Hoa, cua Viet (Neu dch sang ch Viet so trang gap bon, sang Phap, Anh van so trang gap nam sau). Chnh toi cung nhn nguon goc toc Viet, lnh tho toc Viet tng t nh cac nha co hoc. Nay toi mi chng minh c.

Phai ch cho en khi toi ra trng (1964). Bay gi giao s Vu Van-Mau thac-s luat

khoa nh Hoang trieu tien-sy Nguyen Sy-Giac su tam tai lieu co luat. Cu Giac hoc theo loi co, khong biet nhng phng phap quy nap, tong hp nen gii thieu giao s Mau vi toi. Ngay t lan au gap nhau, ma mot gia, mot tre a co hai cai nhn khac biet. Giao s Mau tren 50 tuoi ma lai co mot cai nhn rat tre, toi mi co 25 tuoi lai co cai nhn rat gia ve nguon goc toc Viet. Qua cuoc trao oi s khi, bay gi toi mi biet co rat nhieu truyen thuyet noi ve nguon goc dan toc Viet, ma cac tac gia thieu cai hoc sau xa ve co hoc Hoa-Viet a ra. V vay toi a su tam tat ca nhng g trong th tch co, giup giao s Mau em viet thanh tai lieu giang day.


33

Nhng s su tam o khong ay u, v ch can c tren th tch co. Nay toi mi biet co qua nhieu sai lam, toi xin loi cac ong nghiep hien dien, xin loi Quy-v.

Hoi bay gi toi song Sai-gon, thuoc Viet-Nam cong-hoa ang la nc chong Cong,

nen toi khong the sang Trung-Quoc, cung nh ve Bac tm kiem them tai lieu. Phai ch en nam 1976 lam viec cho CMFC, hang nam dan cac ong nghiep sang Trung-Quoc nghien cu, trao oi y hoc, toi mi co dp tm kiem lai di tch xa trong th vien, trong bao tang vien, tren bia a cung mieu mao, en chua va nhat la en tai cho nghien cu. Gan ay nh cac ong nghiep dung he thong ADN, toi mi bien biet c nguon goc toc Viet, bien cng thi lap quoc cua toc Viet.

Hom nay toi xin ket luan vi cac ban rang :

- Ngi Trung-hoa khong phai la con tri nh nhng van gia co cua ho viet, du ngay nay ho con ngh nh vay. - Ho cung khong t sinh ra, roi tan i t phng. - Khong he co viec ngi Trung-hoa tron lanh hay v ly do chnh tr di c xuong vung at hoang, tao thanh nc Viet. Trong lch s qua co mot so ngi Trung-hoa di c sang Viet-Nam sau nhng bien co chnh tr. Nh ngay nay ngi Viet di c i song khap the gii. - Lai cang khong co viec ngi Viet goc t dong giong Ma-lai nh mot vai ngi ngo ngech a ra. - Theo s nghien cu bang he thong ADN, t co, giong ngi Trung-hoa, do giong ngi t ong Nam-a di len. Nhng ngi ong Nam-a lai en t chau Phi qua nga Nam-a vao thi gian hn 20.000 nam trc. - Ngi chau Phi en Bac Trung-hoa do nga Au-chau roi vao Trung-a, khoang 15.000 nam. Roi hai giong ngi nay tao thanh toc Hoa. - Toc Viet song rai rac t pha Nam song Trng-giang, xuong mai vnh Thai-lan. - Bien gii nc Viet thua lap quoc gom t Nam song Trng giang en vnh Thai-lan, ong ti bien. Tay ti T-xuyen cua Trung-quoc ngay nay.

en ay toi xin phep cac v giao s, quy khach, cac sinh vien cho toi ngng li. Xin hen lai quy v en thang 11-92 toi se trnh bay trc quy v ve nguon goc triet Viet.

Tran trong knh chao quy v. Giao-s Tran ai-Sy,


34

Chu giai cua Tang Hong Minh, (1) Tieu bieu mi nhat la mot nhom thc gia do nha van Vng Ky Sn ng chu bien, a xuat ban cuon Viet-Nam e ngu thien nien ky vao nam 1994 tai Hoa-ky. (2) Sau nay c ton thuy hieu la Luc-Dng. (3). Nh vay vua Lac-Long lay con gai cua anh con bac. (4) oc gia co the tm oc tai lieu nghien cu nay bat quyen 1. Anh- hung Lnh-nam do Nam-A Paris xuat ban 1987 mang ten ban phu chu nghien cu ve no than . (5). Phng phap ma cac giao s Tarentino, Vareilla Pascale dung e bien biet nhng bo xng khai quat trong co mo vung Ho-nam, Van-nam, Quang-chau, Quy-chau khong khac cac chuyen vien Hoa-ky trong uy ban tm kiem t s Hoa-ky tai Viet-nam a x dung. Co ieu, cac chuyen vien Hoa-ky gap nhieu kho khan hn, v phai i vao chi tiet tng ca nhan, con IFA ch phan chung loai. (6). Xin xem Cam-khe-di-han do Nam-A Paris xuat ban 1992, e biet hai tran ho ong-nh. Mot tran do Chu Tai-Kenh, inh Xuan-Hoa, Phat-Nguyet, inh Bach- Nng, inh Tnh-Nng, Quach-Lang anh vi Lu-Long, Ma-Vien. Mot tran do Hoang Thieu-Hoa cung vi cac tng tren anh vi mi hai ai tng quan Han . (7) T-ma Thien, S-ky, quyen 1, Ngu-e ban-ky, Trung-hoa th cuc xuat ban 1959 trang 3-6. (8) oc gia muon biet chi tiet tran anh lch s nay, xin oc ong-nh ho ngoai-s, cung tac gia, do Nam-A Paris xuat ban (1990). (9) Xin oc Mua xuan tren ho ong-nh tng nh Trng-Vng trong phan bat Anh-hung Lnh-nam, do Nam-A xuat ban 1987. (10) Vu Van- Mau, Co luat Viet-nam va t- phap s, quyen th nhat, tap th nhat, trang 9-51. (11) Ch van hoa Bac-sn ay ch co y ngha rang cuoc khai quat nui Bac-sn (Lang-sn), a tm thay nhng co vat o a.(thi ky o a) (12) Ch van hoa ong-sn ch cuoc khai quat ong-sn, a tm thay o ong (thi o ong). (13) He 1992 sau khi cung phai oan IFA du khao ve loai cay tr cholesterol Van-nam, thi gian con lai, Giao-s Trab ai-Sy i khao cu xng ngi cung cac khai quat Van-nam, Quang ong (Trung-quoc), cac tnh Bac-thai nh Nung-khai, Thanon, U-bon, U-don Tha-ni.


35

Giao-s Tran ai-Sy a tm lai c hai trong ong thi vua Trng, Quang-ong, e trong bao tang vien a phng. Ong a mat rat nhieu tien, cung tram ngan kho khan mi mua va a lot ve Paris. (14) Ch tram trong ngon ng Viet co nhieu ngha. - Co ngha la i ngi nh : Tram nam trong coi ngi.ta. Ch tai, ch menh kheo la ghet nhau

(Kieu) Tram nam xe si ch hong, Bat ngi tai sac buoc trong khung tri. Tram nam, tram tuoi ,tram chong, He ai co bac toi bong tren tay.

(ca dao) - Co ngha la chet: Khi nao cu toi tram nam i roi. Nhan sinh bach tue vi ky ( Ngi ta sinh ra lay tram nam lam hen) Tram nam nh coi tri chung, Co nghe cung phai co cong mi thanh.

(ca dao) - Co ngha la tat ca : Tram ho, hay tram benh, Tram hoa ua n mua xuan, C sao cuc lai muon buon the kia ?

(ca dao) Tram dau o au tam.

(Tuc ng)

Tram con trong huyen s Viet hay Bach-Viet co ngha nay.


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Tai lieu nghien cu chnh SACH CH HAN T Ma-Thien, S ky, Trung-hoa th cuc Thng-hai xuat ban 1959 Ban-Co, Tien Han th, Trung- hoa th cuc xuat ban1959. Pham Viep, Hau Han th, Trung hoa th cuc xuat ban 1959. Hoai Nam T, quyen 18, Trung Hoa th cuc ai Bac xuat ban, 1959. Co Da-Vng, a- d ch, Cam-chng th cuc xuat ban 1920. Tran Luan-Quynh, Hai quoc kien van luc, co ban , th vien Paris. Le Quy-on, Phu-bien tap luc, co ban cua th vien Paris. Le Quy-on, ai-Viet thong s, co ban cua th vien Paris. Phan huy-ch, Lch trieu bien chng loai ch, co ban cua th vien Paris. Quoc - s quan, Hoang-Viet a d ch, ban cua th vien Paris. Quoc-s quan, Kham nh Viet s thong giam cng muc, ban cua th vien Paris. a o xuat ban xa, Trung-hoa nhan dan cong hoa quoc phan tnh a o tap, Bac-kinh 1974. ai hoc van khoa Ho-nam, Ho-nam lch ai khao chng 1980. Cung rat nhieu tai lieu khong tac gia, lu tr tai th vien, bao tang vien Ho-nam, Quy-chau, Quang-ong, Quang-tay, Van-Nam. SACH CH PHAP Leonard Aurouseau, La premiere conquete chinoise des pays anamites, BEFEO XXIII. Claude Madrolle, Le Tonkin Ancien, BEFEO, XXXVII. SACH CH VIET ao Duy-Anh, Nguon goc dan toc Viet-nam, Ha-noi 1946.

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