Confucius 551B.C. 479B.C. He who knows the truth is not equal
to him who loves it, and he who loves it is not equal to him who
delights in it. by Confucius
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Ancient Wisdom Xun Zi (? 325 B.C. 235 B.C.) Tell me, and I will
forget. Show me, and I may remember. Involve me, and I will
understand. by...
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Contents What? In general How? What? In detail
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Misconceptions Pronunciation? vowels + consonants Good
pronunciation? ? clear, native-like Clear pronunciation? of each
sound ?pronunciation vs. intonation
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What's wrong Healthy food is important for me. I need to keep
fit. I always have milk and bread for breakfast. For lunch and
dinner, I usually eat fish and vegetables. Sometimes I feel hungry
between meals, so I eat an apple or a pear. I seldom eat cakes or
sweets. They have too much sugar and are bad for my teech.
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What's missing? A feel Effective communication
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The only way to learn pronunciation Imitation (Strong
motivation) Teacher's major task(s) To facilitate (To
motivate)
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Teaching English Pronunciation: How? Imitation coupled with
theories Emphasis on input (listening) Facilitation (guide)
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To be a facilitator ??? Practice makes perfect. To develop a
feel for English rhythm & intonation Importance of
listening
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Steps to good pronunciation Motivation Method Listen
Discriminate + compare + try Listen Try + compare Listen Imitate
(Practice) When and where?
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Listen for what? To gain a feel Rhythm & intonation Too
abstract! To spell out the feeling Rhythm Intonation Sounds
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What Rhythm Intonation Speech sounds
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Rhythm English vs. Chinese stress-timed vs. syllalbe-timed At
both the word level and the sentence level e.g. Healthy food is
important for me. I need to keep fit.
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Pronunciation is important. stress-timed vs.
syllable-timed
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Rhythm Sentence stress meaning; new information content words
(n., v., adj., adv. ) flexible Contrast between stressed &
unstressed Weak form function words (aux., art., prep., conj.,
pron.)
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weak form content words vs. function words
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a, an am, are, be, been, can, could, do, does, had, has, had,
is, must, shall, should, was, were, would and, as, but, than, that,
or at, for, from, of, to, he, her, him, me, she, them, us, we, our
there some saint
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Youll see a bank at the corner. We shall be there in plenty of
time. Its old but useful. What can I do to help you? You could do
it if you tried. What does he do for a living?
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I cant tell one from the other. She has got her ticket. Give
him my best wishes. Would you like some water? What was he
saying?
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Dilemma Grammar vs. weak form e.g. What will happen to her
after that? Will she meet the white rabbit again? Why do we study
grammar/phonetics? To forget it.
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Intonation Intonation Meaning e.g. He stayed with the boy and
played with him for two hours before the boy's parents came.
Intonation group (sense group) Nucleus (information focus) Basic
tones
An example From
bbclearningenglish.combbclearningenglish.com
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Hello. Im a very interesting and intelligent man. And today
these eyes and I will be getting together to teach you some English
idioms. These eyes and 'eye'! Get it? These eyes and EYE! Ha! These
eyes and 'eye'! Im so funny. Anyway. Enough of that. Today I have
to do something very difficult. Its a baby. My bosss wife is sick
so he's had to bring his baby into work. But now hes gone out for
lunch so he's asked me to keep an eye on the baby. Cootchie
coo
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In English, if we want someone to look after something or to
watch it closely, we say keep an eye on something. To keep an eye
on something. Well, here I go And now forour next eye idiom. But
first youll have to stop messing around and start paying attention.
You think because Im not facing you that I can't see what you're
doing but youre wrong!
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English sounds Not in isolation In an intonation group Parts of
a whole Influence between adjacent sounds e.g. ability vs. again,
beautiful, badly...
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English sounds English vs. Chinese Sound Changes For the
effectiveness of information For the convenience of articulatory
ogans
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English vs. Chinese Similar but different absent from
Chinese
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Similar but different e.g. palace, next, on; story, foot,
father, sea, university, town, potato, side; who, judge, read,
match Sunday, ten, cake, bad, get, sister, pleasure...
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Absent from Chinese e.g. think; this train; drink cold; build,
gentlemen, candle, didnt, class, badly, spring,
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Sound changes Weak form ( ) What are you going to do tonight?
Would you like some water? Linking (Liaison) ( ) Do you have any
questions? Can you see it? Incomplete plosion ( ) Stop talking. I
dont know.
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Elision ( ) Has he left? I must go. Assimilation ( ) Would you
like to have a try? He is a good boy. As you know
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Other changes Length of vowels ( ) We need some seeds. We need
some seats. Devoicing Dad, please be seated.
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Summary How Listen Compare Think & Practise What Rhythm
Intonation Sounds and sound changes
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Highlights Beyond the sounds Rhythm & intonation Listening
and imitation Awareness of the differences
