tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

1/79

SUMMARY OFTENSES

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

2/79

present

past

f

uture

We use tensesof verbs to refer toactions or situations in the present, inthe past and in the future

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

3/79

present

past

f

uture

There are dierent sorts of tenses:simpletenses

continuoustenses

perfecttenses

perfect continuoustenses

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

4/79

present

past

f

uture

present tenses

present simple

present continuous

presentperfect

presentperfect continuous

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

5/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect

present perfectcontinuous

FORM

The present simple is formed with the innitive of the

main verb. The neative and interroative are formedwith the present tense of the verb to do + innitive.

!"amples

$ start % he starts& wor' at (.)* a.m.

When do $ start wor'+

$ dont start wor' until -.** a..m. /e doesnt start wor'until -.** a..m.

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

6/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


01!

2. for habitual and repeated actions

!"ample

$ pla3 blues harp and dobro uitar

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

7/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


01!

2.2. for habitual and repeated actionsfor habitual and repeated actions

4. with adverbs %or e"pressions& of fre5uenc3

% often 6 usuall3 6 sometimes 7seldom 6 rarel3 6 alwa3s 6occasionall3 6 never 6 twice a wee' 7 on Tuesda3s 6

most of the time ....&

!"ample

/e often arrives late

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

8/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


01!


4.4. with adverbs %or e"pressions& of fre5uenc3with adverbs %or e"pressions& of fre5uenc3

). 8ertain verbs are usuall3 onl3 used in the simple form

verbs of thesenses

see- hear- smell notice recognize

verbs of emotions want desire refuse forgive wish care love hate like dislike

verbs of thin'in think feel realize understand know mean suppose believe expect remember forget

!"ample9o 3ou see what $ mean+

1he li'es m3 brother ver3 much.

$ suppose he realies that now.

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

9/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


01!


4.4. with adverbs %or e"pressions& of fre5uenc3with adverbs %or e"pressions& of fre5uenc3

).). 8ertain verbs are usuall3 onl3 used in the simple form8ertain verbs are usuall3 onl3 used in the simple form

;. for somethin that is permanentl3 true

!"ampleWater boils at 2**< 8.

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

10/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


on the time diaram

nowpast future

$ et up at =.)* a.m. ever3 da3.

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

11/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


FORM

This tense is formed with the present tense of the verb tobe >present participleof the main verb.

Examples

$m watchingtelevision.

What are you doing?/e isnt coming.

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

12/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


USE

1. For actions happenin at the moment ofspea!in.

Example

1hes readin the newspaper.

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

13/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


USE

1.1. For actions happenin at the moment ofFor actions happenin at the moment of

spea!in.spea!in.

". For a temporar# state.

Example

The compan3 is reoraniin its services.

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

14/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


USE

1.1. For actions happenin at the moment ofFor actions happenin at the moment ofspea!in.spea!in.

".". For a temporar# state.For a temporar# state.

$. For a %e&nite arranement in the near future.Example

The3re sinin the contract tomorrow.

f

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

15/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


USE

1.1. For actions happenin at the moment ofFor actions happenin at the moment ofspea!in.spea!in.

".". For a temporar# state.For a temporar# state.

$.$. For a %e&nite arranement in the near future.For a %e&nite arranement in the near future.

verbs of senses see hear smell notice - recognize

verbs of emotion want desire refuse forgive wish care love hate like - dislike

verbs of thin'in think feel realize understand know mean suppose believe expect remember - forget

verbs of possessin own owe belong - possess

someotherverbs seem appear !seem" contain consist keep

!continue" - matter

1ome verbs are not usuall3 used in a continuousform

f

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

16/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


on the time %iaram

no'

$m ad?ustin the rotatin speed

past future

t t t t f t

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

17/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


FORM

This tense is formed with the present tense of the verb tohave>past participleof the main verb.

Examples

$ve nished.

Where have 3ou been?$ havent talkedto him.

t t t t f t

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

18/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


USE

1. Actions in the recent past 'ith just, recently,already, at last, lately

Example

/e has?ust immersedthe temperature probe into themolten steel.

t t t t f t

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

19/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


USE

1.1. Actions in the recent past 'ithActions in the recent past 'ith just, recently,just, recently,already, at last, latelyalready, at last, lately

2. General experience with ever never before so far

Example

This is the hihest carbon ratio $veever seen.

t t t t f t

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

20/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


USE


2.2. General experience with ever never before General experience with ever never before

so farso far

$. The in%e&nite past: we are interested in whathappened, not in when it happened.

Example

$ have seenthe report. %$ 'now what it is about.&

/e has soldthe compan3.

The3 have hadlunch.

present present present present perfect

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

21/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


USE


".". (eneral experience 'ith(eneral experience 'ithever never before ever never before

so farso far

$.$. The in%e&nite pastThe in%e&nite past: we are interested in what: we are interested in what

happened, not in when it happened.happened, not in when it happened.

). Actions startin in the past an% continuin to

the present* 'ith +for, or +since-.Example

The operation has been suspendedfor two months.

The rm has hada @elian branch since October last 3ear.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

22/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


on the time %iaram

nowpast

future

$ Ave ?ust arrived.

relationship with the

present moment


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

23/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


on the time %iaram

nowpast

future

/ave 3ou been to France+

+ + +


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

24/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


on the time %iaram

nowpast

future

The3 have revised theirreport.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

25/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


on the time %iaram

nowpast

future

We have conducted e"periments on thisphenomenon for almost two 3ears.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

26/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


FORM

This tense is formed with the present perfect of the verbto be +present participleof the main verb.

Examples

$ #ve been writing code for our new data7minin proram.

$as she been tryingto contact me+1he hasnt been writingat all.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

27/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


USE

We use this tense for actions started in the past,continuin to the present and probabl3 continuin intothe future. We often use it with BforC or BsinceC.

Examples

$ ve been trying to persuade him for ten 3ears now.

We #ve been practicing this routine since last Wednesda3.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

28/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


on the time %iaram

now

2004

past future

$ Ave been drivin drivin lorries for twent3

3ears.....

1984

In this sentence, the durationis emphasized, either

positivelyor negatively.

1o $ 'now what $m tal'in aboutD

1o its hih time $ 5uit.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

29/79

presentsimple

presentcontinuous

presentperfect


on the time %iaram

now

2004

past future

$ Ave driven a Eol'swaen for twent3

3ears.....

1984

%n this sentence& the durationis indicated&but the car brand is emphasized.

8learl3 $ have condence in this car.

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

30/79

prese

nt

past

future

past tenses

past simple

past continuous

pastperfect

pastperfect continuous

past simple past past perfect past perfect

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

31/79

past simple pastcontinuous

past perfect past perfectcontinuous

FORM

This tense is formed b3 addin7ed to the innitive.The

neative and interroative are formed with thepast tenseof the verb to do+ innitiveof the main verb

!"amples

The3 arrivedat head 5uarters an hour ao.

When did he nalize this deal+

$ didnt nishuntil 24 ocloc'.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

32/79



01!

1. For actions complete% at a %e&nite time in the

past.

!"ample

We sined the contract last Frida3 at 4 ocloc'.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

33/79



01!

1.1. For actions complete% at a %e&nite time in theFor actions complete% at a %e&nite time in the

past.past.

". For actions 'hich are alrea%# complete% in thepast the time is un%erstoo% but not state%.

!"ample

9id 3ou arrive in time+


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

34/79



01!

1.1. For actions complete% at a %e&nite time in theFor actions complete% at a %e&nite time in the

past.past.".". For actions 'hich are alrea%# complete% in theFor actions 'hich are alrea%# complete% in the

past the time is un%erstoo% but not state%.past the time is un%erstoo% but not state%.

$. The +unreal past tense, is use% after the /erb +to

'ish, an% after 'or%s an% phrases such as ifonly; its tie; suppose etc. The simple pasttense implies that the spea!er !no's that the'ish or the i%ea is impossible. Note that the

'ish refers to the present time.!"amples

$f $ onl3 'new his name.

$ wish $ were at home now.

$f $ were in his shoes, $ would " his waon without muchscruples.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

35/79

pas s p e pascontinuous

pas pe ec pas pe eccontinuous

on the time diaram

nowpast future

$ arrived at 2.)* sharp.

15.30


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

36/79

p p pcontinuous

p p p pcontinuous

FORM

This tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to be

>present participleof the main verb.

!"amples

$ was watchingTE at ( ocloc' 3esterda3.

Where were 3ou lookingfor m3 lasses this time+

$ wasnt eavesdroppingat allD


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

37/79

p p pcontinuous

p p p pcontinuous

01!

2. To emphasie the continuit# of the past action.

!"amples

1he was playingtennis with a friend.

/e was discussingproduction plannin for the comin

wee'.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

38/79

p p pcontinuous

p p p pcontinuous

01!

2.2. To emphasie theTo emphasie the continuit# of the pastcontinuit# of the past action.

4. To describe an action in proress at a certain timein the past.

!"amples

Gt H p.m. $ was still sleeping.

Gt a 5uarter past nine $ was havingbrea'fast.

Irices were going upall the time.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

39/79

p p pcontinuous

p p p pcontinuous

01!

2.2. To emphasie theTo emphasie the continuit# of the past action.continuit# of the past action.

4.4. To describe anTo describe an action in proress at a certain timeaction in proress at a certain time

in the pastin the past.

$. To %escribe an interrupte% past action.

!"amples

When he arrived, $ was studyingthe 5uarterl3 reports.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

40/79

p p pcontinuous

p p p pcontinuous

01!

2.2. To emphasie theTo emphasie the continuit# of the past action.continuit# of the past action.

4.4. To describe anTo describe an action in proress at a certain timeaction in proress at a certain time

in the past.in the past.

$.$. To %escribe an interrupte% past actionTo %escribe an interrupte% past action.

). To express repeate% past actions 'hich cause%irritation* anno#ance. 0 'ith always* forever

!"amples

/e was alwa3s tryingto inJuence the personnel director.

1he was foreverparingher nails durin meetins.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

41/79

continuous continuous

on the time diaram

nowpast future

$ was wor'in all da3 3esterda3.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

42/79


on the time diaram

nowpast future

$ was wor'in all da3 3esterda3.

past now future

$ wor'ed all da3 3esterda3.

3esterda3


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

43/79


on the time diaram

nowpast future

2. $ was wor'in all da3 3esterda3.

past now futur

e4. $ wor'ed all da3 3esterda3.

3esterda3

'hile !(" emphasizes the continuity of the action& !)" onlyindicates that the action took place yesterday.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

44/79


on the time diaram

nowpast future

$ was watchin TE at (.)* last niht.

8.30 p.m.


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

45/79


on the time diaram

nowpast future

). $ was watchin TE at (.)* lastniht.

8.30 p.m.

8.30 p.m.

now future

past

;. $ watched TE at (.)* last niht.

Whereas ). indicates that the action started before and continued after acertain point in time, ;. indicates that the action happened %started& at (.)*


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

46/79


on the time diaram

nowpast future

$ was browsin throuh 3our report ...

when he 'noc'ed at m3 oKce door.

past simple pasti

past perfect past perfecti

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

47/79


FORM

This tense is formed with the past tense of the verb to

have+ past participle of the main verb.

!"amples

$ had never seen so man3 measurin tools.

What assistance had he given?

/e hadnt expectedthis outcome.

past simple pastti

past perfect past perfectti

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

48/79


01!

1. 2e use this tense to describe one past action

happenin before another past action.

!"ample

The customer had leftthe shop b3 the time $ found hisorder form.

past simple pastti


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

49/79


01!

1.1. 22e use this tense to describee use this tense to describe one past actionone past action

happenin before another past action.happenin before another past action.

". 2e use it 'hen necessar# to in%icate these3uence of t'o actions.

!"ample

/e hadalread3 clearedthe screen when $ ot behind hisdes'.

past simple pastti


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

50/79


01!

1.1. 22e use this tense to describee use this tense to describe one past actionone past action

happenin before another past action.happenin before another past action.

".". 2e use it 'hen necessar# to in%icate the2e use it 'hen necessar# to in%icate the

se3uence of t'o actions.se3uence of t'o actions.

$. 2e often us it 'hen the secon% action isun%erstoo%* but not state%.

!"ample

$ hadnt realized* %until 3ou told me.&

past simple pastti


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

51/79


on the time diaram

nowpast futurehad

dinner

watchedTE

2. When $ had had dinner, $ watched TE.

had

dinner

watched TEpast now future

4. $ had dinner before $ watched TE.

$n %2& the se5uence of actions is e"pressed b3 thepastperfect tenseL whereas in %4& the se5uence of actionsis indicated b3 the use of before



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

52/79


FORM

This tense is formed with thepast perfect tense of the

verb to be+present participleof the main verb.

!"amples

1he had been workingas a secretar3 for two 3ears whenshe was promoted.

What hadshe been writingall da3+

/e hadnt been listeningto that tape for that lon.



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

53/79


01!

2. We use this tense to %escribe a continuous past

action happenin before another past action.We often use it with for> time

period.

!"ample

We had been waitingfor thirt3 minutes when the3 arrived.



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

54/79


01!

2.2. We use this tenseWe use this tense to %escribe a continuous pastto %escribe a continuous past

action happenin before another past action.action happenin before another past action.We often use it withWe often use it with forfor> time> time

period.period.

4. We use this tense to emphasi4e the continuit# or

%uration of the past action.!"ample

$ had been waitingfor m3 e"am results for si" wee's.%before $ ot them.&



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

55/79


on the time diaram

nowpast future10 minutes

2. $ had been waitin for 2* minutes when she

arrived.

nowpast

4. $ waited for 2* minutes before she arrived.

Whereas in %2& the past perfect continuous indicates both these5uence of the actions and the continuit3 of the rst actionL in

%4& the se5uence of the actions is indicated b3 before. (2.&

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

56/79

prese

nt

past

future

future tenses

future simple

future continuous

futureperfect

futureperfect continuous

going to

present continuous

present simple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect

future perfectcontinuous

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

57/79

simple continuous perfect continuous

01!

We use this tense to e"press a pure future. Gctionse"pressed in the simple future are boun% to happenbecause of the course of time.This means that thespea'er has no power over the events, that he cannot

control what will happen. For this reason this tense is alsocalled the uncertain future..

!"amples

/e will be si"teen 3ears old ne"t Frida3.

The bab3 will be born ne"t month

oin to ... presentcontinuous

presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect


7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

58/79


01!

2. We often use this tense with particular /erbs5suchas think know believe suppose expect hope toe"press beliefs, convictions, hope, e"pectations,'nowlede and opinions about the future.

!"amples

$ thin' @rail will win.

$ dont suppose she will be promoted now


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect


i

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

59/79


01!

2.2. We often use this tense withWe often use this tense with particular /erbs5particular /erbs5suchsuchasas think know believe suppose expect hopethink know believe suppose expect hope toto

e"press beliefs, convictions, hope, e"pectations,e"press beliefs, convictions, hope, e"pectations,

'nowlede and opinions about the future'nowlede and opinions about the future.

4. We often use it with particular a%/erbssuch as:probably possibly perhaps to e"press uncertaint3about the future.!"amples

/e will probabl3 ask the eneral manaer.

This matter will probabl3 not be raisedbefore thecommissions rst meetin


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect


i t t t

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

60/79


01!

2.2. We often use this tense withWe often use this tense with particular /erbs5particular /erbs5suchsuchasas think know believe suppose expect hopethink know believe suppose expect hope toto

e"press beliefs, convictions, hope, e"pectations,e"press beliefs, convictions, hope, e"pectations,

'nowlede and opinions about the future.'nowlede and opinions about the future.

4.4. We often use it withWe often use it with particular a%/erbsparticular a%/erbssuch as:such as:

probably possibly perhapsprobably possibly perhaps to e"press uncertaint3to e"press uncertaint3

about the futureabout the future.

). The simple present is used in con%itional clausesan% time clauses.The simple future is used in themain clause %not in the if7clause&.!"amples

/e #ll help3ou if 3ou as' him.

$ All tellhim the news as soon as $ see him.

/e #ll be arrestedthe moment he sets foot on 1chen en


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect


i t t t

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

61/79


FORM

This tense is formed with the present tense of the verb tobe + going to + innitive of the main verb.

!"amples

$m going to watchthis football match on TE toniht.

What are 3ou going to doabout this +

1he isnt going to givethis part3 ne"t wee'


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect


i t t t

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

62/79


01!

2. We use this tense to tal' about present intentionsan% plans for future actions.

!"amples

$ Am going to passm3 e"ams ne"t month.

$ Am going to spendtwo wee's in 1pain this summer.


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect


i t t t

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

63/79


01!

2.2. We use this tense to tal' aboutWe use this tense to tal' about present intentionspresent intentionsan% plans for future actionsan% plans for future actions.

". 2e also use !oin! toin or%er to expresssub6ecti/e certaint# on the part of the spea!er.

!"amples

This boat is going to sink.

$ts going to rain&b3 the loo'


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect


oin to present present

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

64/79


01!

(. 'e use this tense to indicate de"nite futurearran!eents, actions planned in the nearfuture.'e nearly always use a future time expressionwith it.

!"amples

/e #s starting his new ?ob ne"t Monda3.

$m taking the 22 ocloc' train to @erlin


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

65/79


01!

2.2. We use this tenseWe use this tense to in%icateto in%icatede"nite futurede"nite futurearran!eents, actions planned in the neararran!eents, actions planned in the near

future.future.We nearl3 alwa3s use a future time e"pressionWe nearl3 alwa3s use a future time e"pression

with it.with it.

ote: do not confuse intention ! to be + going to + verb"and arranement !to be + present participle".

!"amples

$m oin to sta3 in Nondon. intention

$m oin to Nondon ne"t wee'end arranement


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

66/79


FORM

This tense is formed with the innitive of the main verb.The neative and interroative are formed with thepresent tense of to do + innitive

!"amples

The plane takes o at =.)* local time.

The match begins at 2;.** hours.

Pou leave from Qenned3 airport at noon, and arriveinIaris at 2.** hours MT.


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

67/79

p p

01!

We use this tense to tal' aboutplanne% future actions.We usuall3 use it to describe travel plans, time tables,departures, arrivals.

!"amples

The bus leaves at 2.)*.

The reception starts at 2-.** hours.

The ferr3 leaves 9over at 24.)* tomorrow and we arriveat 8alais at 2).2.


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

68/79

p p

FORM

This tense is formed with the future simple of to be +present participleof the main verb.

!"amples

We ll be ,yingto Rome this time ne"t wee'.

What will 3ou be doingthis time ne"t wee'+

The3 wont be sittingin the classroom at H ocloc'tomorrow.


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

69/79

p p

01!

We use this tense for actions that 'ill be in proressat a certain time in the future.

!"amples

Gt 22.; ne"t Frida3, $ A ll be doing my chemistry exam.

$ ll be hiking throuh the 1tates this time ne"t 3ear.


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

70/79

p p

on the time diaram

This time ne"t wee' $ll be ta'in m3 drivin test.


presentsimple

nowpast future

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

71/79

p p

01!

2. The future continuous is also used to e"press lon7term arranements*especiall3 for travellin.

!"amples

The band will be travellingthrouh 1candinavia at theend of the month. The3 will be givingthree performancesthere.


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

72/79

01!

2.2. The future continuous is also used to e"pressThe future continuous is also used to e"press lon7lon7term arranements*term arranements*especiall3 for travellin.especiall3 for travellin.

4. The future continuous is also used to as' /er# polite3uestions about future acti/ities. @3 usin the

future continuous tense, the spea'er as'in the5uestions shows that he does not want to inJuence theother persons decision in an3 wa3 at all.

!"amples

Where will you be having dinner, 1ir+ %secretar3 to boss&What will you be having& Madam+ %waiter to customer&


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

73/79

01!

2.2. The future continuous is also used to e"pressThe future continuous is also used to e"press lon7lon7term arranements*term arranements*especiall3 for travellin.especiall3 for travellin.

4.4. The future continuous is also used to as'The future continuous is also used to as' /er# polite/er# polite

3uestions about future acti/ities.3uestions about future acti/ities. @3 usin the@3 usin the

future continuous tense, the spea'er as'in thefuture continuous tense, the spea'er as'in the5uestions shows that he does not want to inJuence the5uestions shows that he does not want to inJuence the

other persons decision in an3 wa3 at all.other persons decision in an3 wa3 at all.

). The future continuous is also used to ma!e

%e%uctionsabout what is happenin at the momentof spea'in.

!"amples/e will be workingin his arden now. Otherwise, he wouldhave heard the phone.

1he hasnt beun ma'in up the beds. 1he will still be

doing the washin up.


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect


oin to ... present present

7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

74/79

FORM

This tense is formed with will + have + past participleofthe main verb.

!"amples

The3 #ll have nalized their business b3 noon.

'ill the3 have copiedall that material b3 Frida3 mornin+

The3 wont have organized this course b3 the end of this3ear.


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

75/79

01!

We use this tense to describe actions 'hich 'e !no''ill 0or 'ill not be complete%b3 a certain time in thefuture.

!"amples

$ All have nishedthis boo' b3 the end of the wee'.


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

76/79

on the time diaram

!"amples

@3 the end of ne"t wee', $ll have nished m3 e"ams.


presentsimple

nowpast future

end of next week

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

77/79

FORM

This tense is formed with the future perfect tenseof to be+ present participleof rthe main verb.

!"amples

@3 the end of this 3ear, we All have been experimentingwith this pol3mer for more than three months.

/ow lon will you have been livingin that shac' b3 theend of this 3ear+

$ wont have been living here for more than ve 3ears b3the end of this 3ear.


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

78/79

01!

We use this tense to describe continuous an% repeate%actions 'hich bein before a certain time in thefuture an% 'ill probabl# continue after that time.

!"amples

@3 the end of this academic 3ear, $ll have been teachingfor )* 3ears.


presentsimple

futuresimple

futurecontinuous

futureperfect



7/25/2019 tensessummary-1230412914178765-1

79/79

on the time diaram

!"ample

@3 the end of this academic 3ear, $ll have been teachingfor )* 3ears.

pcontinuous

psimple

past futurenow

end of this academic3ear

Documents

tensessummary-1230412914178765-1