The Enlightenment

1650ish-1800

Essential Questions:O Who should govern a nation?O How powerful/pervasive should that

force of government be?O What’s the role of religion in society?O Should religion have a place in

government?O How important is science to society?

Causes

Middle Ages

O Europe: Feudalistic society

O Kings had divine right to rule

O No way to break free from the hierarchy—constraining

Renaissance HumanismO People are

capable of thinking for themselves.

O Individual Education (Humanities: grammar, rhetoric, Greek, history, moral philosophy, poetry)

Erasmus, Holbein

Later Issues (15-1700s)

O Absolute monarchsO Government out of

touch with its constituents

O Nearly impossible to advance socially (no rags to riches)

O Aristocracy became ruling class with advent of parliamentary systems of gov’t

Louis XIV (1638-1715)

“L’état, c’est moi.”“The state is me,” Louis XIV

The Three Estates, France

O 17th centuryO First estate: Louis XVI and clerics,

most resources. Did not pay taxes.O Second estate: Noblemen and

women, self-centered. Did not pay taxes.

O Third estate (largest): Workers, artisans, etc. Did most of the work. Tax burden fell exclusively on them. No representation.

The EnlightenmentO Occurred between approximate years of

1650s-1800O Explosion in radical thought about organization

of society and purpose of governmentO Value of Experimenting

O Oxygen was named during this time period as was the idea of the element.

O Lack of care for national bordersO Philosophes

O Descartes, Hobbes, Locke, Voltaire, Newton, Rousseau, Montesquieu

Philosophes

Thomas Hobbes, 1588-1679

O AbsolutistO Leviathan (1651)

O All individuals are naturally equal, but…

O Leviathan=sea monster that devoured ships…used here as a symbol for the government., created to impose order

John Locke, 1632-1704O Tabula Rasa: blank slate

O Importance of environment and reason vs. heredity and faith

O No “divine right”O Man has natural rights:

O LifeO LibertyO PropertyO Gov’t that doesn’t

approve should be abolished.

Baron de Montesquieu, 1689-1755

O Believed in three branches of government with checks and balances

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 1712-1778

O Wrote about distaste for political and economic oppression

O Good of the community > the individual

O Government determined by its citizens

Exit TicketO On your index card:1. Briefly compare the Three Estates

with the Middle Ages.2. What is one of the Enlightenment’s

essential questions?3. What are philosophes? Name at

least one.O Make sure you include your name.

SourcesO http://enlightenmentreed.wetpaint.com/page/Causes+of+the+EnlightenmentO http://www.google.com/imgres?

um=1&hl=en&safe=off&sa=N&authuser=0&biw=1272&bih=611&tbm=isch&tbnid=8VKNFAg6sprH5M:&imgrefurl=http://www.iep.utm.edu/rousseau/&imgurl=http://www.iep.utm.edu/wp-content/media/rousseau.jpg&w=199&h=264&ei=TzE8UIKoE4qBrAHp3oG4CQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=722&sig=104433060286746596077&page=1&tbnh=111&tbnw=86&start=0&ndsp=28&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:142&tx=45&ty=53

O http://www.fhs.d211.org/departments/socialstudies/mzacharia/200910%20APUSH%20Enlightenment%20Lecture.pdfO http://www.google.com/imgres?

um=1&hl=en&safe=off&sa=N&authuser=0&biw=1272&bih=611&tbm=isch&tbnid=jXfCXei7VlTwxM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leviathan_(book)&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Leviathan_gr.jpg/200px-Leviathan_gr.jpg&w=200&h=307&ei=sDM8UIaXBYKdqQGrg4HABA&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=393&sig=104433060286746596077&page=1&tbnh=119&tbnw=77&start=0&ndsp=23&ved=1t:429,r:5,s:0,i:170&tx=42&ty=48

O http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&safe=off&sa=N&authuser=0&biw=1272&bih=611&tbm=isch&tbnid=LrVJo4rXBgnqyM:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/JohnLocke.png/220px-JohnLocke.png&w=220&h=284&ei=xDM8UM6mL4e2qAHr2YCYCg&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=299&sig=104433060286746596077&page=1&tbnh=122&tbnw=95&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:129&tx=40&ty=30

O http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&safe=off&sa=N&authuser=0&biw=1272&bih=611&tbm=isch&tbnid=G8C7kDTDCiyfvM:&imgrefurl=http://www.constitution.org/cm/sol.htm&imgurl=http://www.constitution.org/img/montesquieu.jpg&w=658&h=867&ei=3TM8UJSWG8ji2QX5v4DgDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=247&vpy=144&dur=314&hovh=258&hovw=196&tx=99&ty=131&sig=104433060286746596077&page=1&tbnh=116&tbnw=87&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:119

O http://www.google.com/imgres?start=45&num=10&um=1&hl=en&safe=off&authuser=0&biw=1272&bih=647&tbm=isch&tbnid=5hHnBIKkPUa_9M:&imgrefurl=http://ridgeaphistory.wikispaces.com/European%2BFeudalism&imgurl=https://fc.deltasd.bc.ca/~csharpe/FOV2-0005D480/S017BC870.1/feudal-system.gif&w=287&h=384&ei=EDQ8UOKdJof7qgHrn4CADw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=525&vpy=122&dur=407&hovh=210&hovw=155&tx=99&ty=142&sig=104433060286746596077&page=3&tbnh=159&tbnw=115&ndsp=25&ved=1t:429,r:14,s:45,i:127

O http://www.google.com/imgres?um=1&hl=en&safe=off&sa=N&authuser=0&biw=1272&bih=611&tbm=isch&tbnid=u6W9PwHptYOz8M:&imgrefurl=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desiderius_Erasmus&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Hans_Holbein_d._J._047.jpg/270px-Hans_Holbein_d._J._047.jpg&w=270&h=357&ei=KzQ8UMivHqbe2AWWvICoDQ&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=178&vpy=153&dur=471&hovh=129&hovw=104&tx=108&ty=129&sig=104433060286746596077&page=1&tbnh=117&tbnw=95&start=0&ndsp=27&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:142

O http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg