The evolution of European security research and innovation programmes:

changing purposes and rationales

Jean-Marc Suchier

ETTIS R&I strategies and policy priorities in new mission-oriented programs: The case of security”

Brussels, 18 September 2014

THE FIRST STEPS IN EUROPE 1/2

Situation of security research in 2000 Not covered at EU level No national programme

The triggers End of Cold War Development of international terrorism: it can strike anywhere September 11, 2001

12/12/2003 - European Council document : “European Security strategy”

“A secure Europe in a better World” We need new security instruments We need common instruments for all Member States

THE FIRST STEPS IN EUROPE 2/2

March 2004 - Recommendations from Group of Personalities (GOP) to develop a European Security Research Programme (ESRP)

For improving European security For improving European competitiveness In full respect of civil liberties and ethical principals

ESRP must Be complementary to nationals efforts Finance mission oriented research from capability to demonstrator projects Be focused on technology

Technology is not security, but no there is security without technology Take benefit of dual civil/military research

Recommendation to put in place an advisory board to help prepare an agenda for implementation of ESRP

FEW COMMENTS ON SECURITY CONTEXT IN 2003 1/2

What is security ? Vague and inconsistent definitions among Member States (MS) Covers many different and disconnected domains

Who is in charge of security? The Member States security is under MS responsibility

With various organisation/management of security matters EU defines security rules for a few domains (airports,..)

But MS decide on implementation MS usually have very limited resources available for security investments

What are the key perceived threats? Mainly terrorism and organised crime Perception of “insecurity” widely dependant on country, culture, age,… and events Societal aspects: only a concern to take in consideration

FEW COMMENTS ON SECURITY CONTEXT IN 2003 2/2

Who develops security solutions? Mainly defence and aeronautic companies, located in a few MS

What is the security market? Regulated

Operators invest in security solutions only to follow regulations‒ No ROI for security

Fragmented MS defines their rules and protect their national market

No major investment from industry Industry needs market visibility In security, the market is mainly defined when regulation is clear and stable and when

funding for implementation programme is available

PREPARATION OF ESRP 1/2

The Preparatory Action for Security Research (PASR) A 3 year programme (2004-2006) before FP7 Limited budget (15M€ /year) for small projects Goals

To investigate a few research topics To help defining the ESRP content

Outcome Not very useful for preparing ESRP content, because of projects schedule But helped putting in place a new security research community

Managed, at DG Entr, by a team with a successful experience in air transportation ACARE, SRIA

PREPARATION OF ESRP 2/2

The European Security Research Advisory Board (ESRAB) 2005-2006 50 members from

Governmental agencies Research labs Industry

Tasked by EC to propose a content and priorities for ESRP Focused on short term technology needs

No basic research, but applied research on existing technology for security solutions Mission oriented

Border, Critical infrastructures, Crisis management,.. Does not cover digital security (DG Infso)

Societal aspects covered in parallel (Security & Socierty) Outcome (ESRAB report)

Good results for short term technology priorities The societal aspects not seen as a major potential problem for security research Good basis for the first calls of FP7 security theme (ERSP)

EUROPEAN SECURITY AND INNOVATION FORUM

In parallel with ESRP, a new advisory board in place: ESRIF (2007-2009) The goal: to define a strategic security research agenda (ESRIA)

For mid and long term needs Based on the ACARE model

Concept of security covers man-made and natural catastrophic events The main difficulty

No major European policy document yet published (beyond the high level definition of “European Security Strategy”)

Which strategy options to use for the agenda? Outcome

A strong message requesting that societal aspects be of major concern in ESRP‒ DG Entr put in place a Societal Impact Expert Group (2008 – 2013)

A raising understanding that ‒ Technology is only one of the parameter‒ Resilience is an important aspect of security‒ European citizens must be involved

A weak and almost useless “strategic agenda”

STATUS AT FP7 ESRP COMPLETION

Overall, ESRP is a successful programme >1,4B€, >200 funded projects

Modest impact on European security Many new technology products But limited real innovation

No major new security solutions so far It takes years from research to innovation

Raising understanding that societal issues are crucial

The weaknesses Work programme more a concatenation of MS needs than answer to EU policies Lack of fast track mechanism Very difficult to build a long term strategy in security

TOWARDS HORIZON 2020

Focused on societal challenges (Secure societies) , and pushing for More innovation

Looking for higher TRLs PCP (Pre Commercial Procurement) and PPI (Public Procurement of Innovative solutions)

Deeper cooperation of all stakeholders Enhancement of the societal dimension

Covering Cyber security

Proposing a new fast track mechanism ?

A few open questions Will PCPs and PPIs be efficient? How to extract from EU policy initiatives effective research agendas? How to effectively enhance the societal dimension? All topics of interest for ETTIS

Thank you for your attention