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The Periodic Table. How is the Periodic Table Arranged?. In order of increasing atomic number in specific columns and rows. Groups - vertical columns of the PT. Periods- horizontal row on the PT. Groups are important on the PT. Why? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Periodic Table
How is the Periodic Table Arranged?
• In order of increasing atomic number in specific columns and rows.
Groups- vertical columns of the PTThe Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Periods- horizontal row on the PTThe Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Groups are important on the PT
• Why? –The elements in a group have
similar chemical and physical properties!
Alkali Metals – Group 1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 H
2 Li
3 Na
4 K
5 Rb
6 Cs
7 Fr
ALKALI METALS
Group 1• Hydrogen is not a member, it is
a non-metal• 1 electron in the outer shell• Soft and silvery metals• Very reactive, esp. with water• Conduct electricity
Image: http://www.learner.org/interactives/periodic/groups2.html
Alkaline Earth Metals – Group 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1
2 Be
3 Mg
4 Ca
5 Sr
6 Ba
7 Ra
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Group 2• 2 electrons in the
outer shell• White and
malleable• Reactive, but less
than Alkali metals• Conduct electricity
Halogens – Group 17
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1
2 F
3 Cl
4 Br
5 I
6 At
7 Uus
Halogens
Group 7• 7 electrons in the
outer shell• All are non-metals• Very reactive are
often bonded with elements from Group 1
Noble Gases – Group 18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 He
2 Ne
3 Ar
4 Kr
5 Xe
6 Rn
7 Uuo
Noble Gases
Group 8Exist as gasesNon-metals8 electrons in the
outer shell = FullHelium (He) has
only 2 electrons in the outer shell = Full
Not reactive with other elements
Transition Metals – Groups 3 - 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
TRANSITION METALS
Groups in the middle
Good conductors of heat and electricity.
Some are used for jewelry.
The transition metals are able to put up to 32 electrons in their second to last shell.
Can bond with many elements in a variety of shapes.
Inner Transition Metals
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
La Yb
Ac No
This is where the 2 rows really belong.
So why is it never shown there? It would make the P.T. too long to fit on a single page.
Inner Transitional Metals
• Some are Radioactive
• The rare earths are silver, silvery-white, or gray metals.
• Conduct electricity
Metals
• Lustrous• Good conductors of heat & electricity• Malleable – can be pounded into thin
sheets• Ductile – can be drawn into thin wire
Metals Non-metals metalloids
Metalloids
• Metalloids– Are between the metals and the nonmetals on the P.T.– Can have properties of both metals and nonmetals– There are 7 METALLOIDS-
• Boron• Silicon• Germanium• Arsenic• Antimony• Tellurium• Polonium
MMetalloids
Non-metals
• Nonmetals– Are BRITTLE
(shatter easily when hit) solids, or liquid or gas at room temperature
– Are INSULATORS of heat and electricity
– Solids are DULL
S
Cl
Diatomic Elements
• Most elements can be isolated to atomic elements – individual atoms
• 7 elements are too reactive to exist as individual atoms, instead, they are found as molecular elements – 2 atoms bonded together
• Hydrogen, H2
• Oxygen, O2
• Nitrogen, N2
• Chlorine, Cl2• Bromine, Br2 • Iodine, I2
• Fluorine, F2
