LI M U

Trng H M a cht Khoa: Du Kh

LI NI U

Ngy nay i vi nhiu quc gia, cng nghip du kh ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng, c nh hng ln n nn kinh t quc dn. Vit Nam, tp on du kh quc gia Vit Nam - trong x nghip lin doanh Vietsovpetro ng vai tr ch o - l mt thnh phn quan trng, hng nm ng gp ng k vo GDP ton quc. Cng ngh khai thc, thu gom v vn chuyn du kh ti cc m Bch H v m Rng ca x nghip ang c vn hnh tt tuy nhin vn cn mt s vn cn c gii quyt.

im c trng ca du th Vit Nam l c nhit ng c v hm lng parafin cao, iu ny gy nh hng ti tc dng chy, lu lng vn chuyn cng nh tng chi ph cho qu trnh bm ht du. S lng ng parafin, s c mt ng k ca cht gy mn, hm lng nc v nhiu tp cht c hc gy ra hng lot cc vn lin quan n qu trnh vn hnh v s tn ti ca ng ng dn du.

Xut pht t thc tin trn v c s ng ca b mn em chn ti Tnh ton tn hao p sut trn tuyn ng t RP2- m Rng v gin CNTT s 2 m Bch H. n gm 4 chng:Chng 1: Dng chy ca cht lu trong ng ngang v nhim v tnh ton cng ngh.

Chng 2: Nhp khai thc v tnh cht du m Rng.

Chng 3: H thng n nh nhit trong ng ng dn du kh.

Chng 4: Tnh ton tn hao p sut trn tuyn ng RP 2 n CTP 2.Mc d ht sc c gng, nhng do hn ch v kin thc v thc t nn cun n khng trnh khi nhng thiu st v ni dung v hnh thc, v vy, em rt mong nhn c s gp t thy c v cc bn.

Cui cng, em xin chn thnh cm n s gip ca cc thy c trong b mn Thit B Du Kh v hn na l thy L c Vinh tn tnh hng dn em hon thnh cun n ny.

H Ni, ngy 10 thng 06 nm 2010

CHNG 1 DNG CHY CA CHT LU TRONG NG NGANG V NHIM V TNH TON CNG NGH

1.1. Dng chy ca cht lu trong ng

1.1.1 Cht lng Newton

Cht lng Newton l cht lng tun theo nh lut Newton.

Dng chy ca nhng cht lng tun theo nh lut Newton c biu din bng phng trnh sau:

;

[2, tr 79]

(1-1)

Trong :: ng sut trt do lc nht gy ra

: nht ng hc.

: Gradien vn tc theo phng r thng gc vi hng dng chy, S-1

F: Lc nht trn b mt gia hai lp cht lng, xc nh theo cng thc:

;

(1-2)

Vi:

S: Din tch tip xc gia hai lp cht lng trn xy ra hin tng ni ma st, (m2)

T phng trnh (1-1) ta thy quan h gia ng sut trt v Gradien vn tc l quan h tuyn tnh, ng cong chy l ng thng, nht ca cht lng Newton l h s gc ca ng thng ny, khng ph thuc vo Gradien vn tc, ch ph thuc vo loi cht lng, nhit v p sut.

;

(1-3)

M hnh dng chy cht lng Newton c m t bng ng II1, hnh 1.1(a)

1.1.2. Cht lng phi Newton

L cht lng c nht ( ) ph thuc vo Gradien vn tc ()

1.1.2.1. Cht lng gi do (m hnh Ostwald)

Cht lng gi do c dng chy khng tun theo phng trnh ca Newton, nht gim nhanh khi Gradien vn tc tng, cht lng c kh nng chy ngay c khi ng sut trt rt nh.

ng cong chy (ng II2, hnh 1.1a) ca cht lng c xu hng li v pha trc . Cht lng c tnh cht d thng gi l gi do. S chy ca cht lng ny tun theo m hnh ca Ostwald.

(1-4)

Trong :

: ng sut trt, (Pa).

: nht,

(Pa.S).

: Gradien vn tc ,(S-1).

n Pcr th s gim lu lng ging.

b/ La chn thit b kh xung ph hp:

Hin nay, cc nh nghin cu th nghim v a vo p dng nhng thit b kh xung vi nhng cu trc khc nhau nh sau:

H thng kh xung ca vin du Tactar

H thng kh xung ca Trng H Du M Grozni

Vin x l v vn chuyn du (L.B Nga) a ra cu trc h kh xung nm ngang.

c/ Gim bt kh trong qu trnh vn chuyn hn hp:

Trong mc 1.2.1 v 1.2.3 trnh by nguyn nhn ch yu gy nn cc xung ng lin quan n dng chy ca cu trc dng nt, dng sng c mng chn. V vy, gim xung ng phi c cc gii php lm thay i thng s ca ch dng chy dng nt, dng sng vi mng chn thnh ch bt, chy phn lp, ch mng phn tn (hnh khuyn) hoc phn tn. Gii php ch yu l thay i hm lng kh c trong hn hp v thay i vn tc chuyn ng.

Chuyn dng chy t dng nt sang mng phn tn, hoc phn tn c th t c bng cch tng hm lng kh nh np vo dng chy thm kh, hoc kh tr, hoc thay i tit din ngang tng ng trn tng on. Trong thc t, vic thay i tit din ng theo tng on rt kh thc hin v lu lng du kh lun bin i theo thi gian. Thay i ch dng chy bng np thm kh s lm tng tn hao p lc vn chuyn, gim cng sut ng, gim lu lng ging.

Chuyn dng chy t dng nt sng vi lp chn sang dng chy bt hoc chy lp c th thc hin c trn cc BK, gin khai thc c nh cc khu m khai thc ti thm lc a (Bch H) bng cch tch bt kh khi hn hp trc khi vn chuyn v trong khi vn chuyn.

Ngoi ra, gim xung cn c bin php nh k ra ng, gim lng lng ng Parafin, cht bn c hc trong ng ng vn chuyn du v kh.

1.3. Nhim v tnh ton cng ngh.

1.3.1. Tnh ton bn cho ng ng

Chng ta phi xc nh c ngoi lc tc ng ln ng ng khi lm vic ri chn vt liu v b dy thch hp ng lm vic an ton.

Khi lm vic, ng s chu ko nn do trng lng bn thn, do p sut bm, chu p sut ca cht lu v cc ng ngm cn chu p sut ngoi do nc bin, t , cc ngoi lc do bin i nhit , cc mch p p sut. Tuy nhin, ng dn c xem nh l ng nm ngang nn ti trng ko nn do trng lng bn thn c th b qua.

1.3.1.1. Ti trng do p sut trong ng

L ti trng quan trng nht i vi ng vn chuyn. tnh ng sut do p sut trong gy ra, ngi ta thng dng cng thc Barlow cho tt c cc loi vt liu v cc ng c quy chun khc nhau:

(1-21)

Trong :

: ng sut theo chu vi ng;

Pi : p sut trong, KG/cm2;

De : ng knh ngoi ng, cm;

: B dy nh mc ca thnh ng, cm.

Nu xem 0 l gii hn chy i vi v ng, th p sut gy v s l:

- Khi tnh ton phi k n cc h s an ton m trc ht l an ton do ch to, thng chp nhn h s 0,875 v ngoi ra phi tnh ton n sai s khi thit k vi h s 0,72 do :

(1-22)

Hoc b dy an ton ca ng phi l:

(1-23)

Trng hp ng chu c hai p sut trong Pi v ngoi Pe v thuc vng n hi (De/>18), ta xem thnh ng nh mt xi lanh mng n hi, th gi tr ng sut c th theo cng thc Lam:

(1-24)

Cc cng thc trong 1.3.1.1 c ly trong [2, tr63-64]. p sut cho php trong ng ng thng c ba gi tr (theo TCVN 1287-72);

a. p sut quy c: l gi tr ln nht nhit mi trng 200C, cho php ng v cc ph kin lm vic lu di, xc nh trn c s la chn vt liu v c tnh bn ca chng nhit 200C.

b. p sut lm vic: Gi tr ln nht lm vic lu di nhit thc t ca mi trng c vn chuyn. Vi cc ng thp, phm vi ny trong khong 02500C, ng ng (Cu), ng thau : 01200C.

c. p sut th: p sut th nghim thy lc bng nc v bn, kn khi nhit khng vt qu 1000C.

1.3.1.2. Ti trng do p sut ngoi ng

Ti trng do p sut bn ngoi ng c th lm mo ng. p sut ny t gy nguy him cho ng dn, tr trng hp lp ngm su v trong ng rng (khng c p sut bn trong). Gi tr p sut bp mo c tnh bng l thuyt v thc nghim, cc ng ng c oval nht nh, b dy khng u. Cng thc l thuyt quen thuc do Sarkixp xut lu n hai c im trn:

(1-25)

(1-26)

(1-27)

Trong

E: M un young, 2,1.106 KG/cm2;

: Gii hn chy ca thp, KG/cm2;

e: oval ca ng,

;

A,b l cc bn trc ca elip, thng chp nhn e=0,01

;

;

: B dy trung bnh, ti thiu v nh mc ca thnh ng, thng thng vi ng thp cn th = 0,9v .

Cng thc (1-25) thun ty l thuyt, kt qu thp hn s liu th nghim t 3060%.

Quy chun API ngh p dng cc cng thc thc nghim c lu n oval ca ng trong gii hn cc sai s. Khi xc nh p sut ngoi gii hn (p sut bp mo), ngi ta phn bit hai trng hp: ng thnh dy v ng thnh mng cn c vo t s De/, vi De/ b th thuc vng do v gii hn chy ca thp chim vai tr quan trng, vi De/ ln s thuc vng n hi, v lc kch thc hnh hc gi vai tr chnh. Thc ra, khng tn ti mt quan im chnh xc v s thay i gia hai vng m s chuyn tip xy ra tng bc, ngha l c s chuyn tip gia hai vng, cc cng thc ph bin ca API nh sau:

Trong vng do:

(1-28)

Trong vng n hi:

(1-29)

Trong vng chuyn tip:

(1-30)

Trong cc cng thc t (1-28) n (1-30) [2, tr66-67], : Gii hn chy ca vt liu, cc gi tr Pd tnh ra KG/cm2. Cc gi tr tnh ton ln hn 2530% so vi cng thc Sarkixp.

1.3.2. Tnh ton thy lc

Nhim v tnh ton thy lc chim khi lng ln khi thit k cc tuyn ng mi cng nh khi kim tra, sa cha cc tuyn ng sn c ph hp vi yu cu c th. Nhim v ca tnh ton l phi xc nh mt trong cc thng s: kh nng vn chuyn Q, p sut u hoc cui tuyn P, ng knh D. Hoc c hai thng s P v D. Quan h gia P v D, P = f(Q) c gi l c tnh ca tuyn ng. Cc kt qu tnh ton ph thuc vo s thy lc, tnh cht vt l ca cht c chuyn ti.

Cn c vo s thy lc, ngi ta chia ra ng n gin, ch bao gm mt cp ng knh v khng phn nhnh, cn ng phc tp l tuyn c ng knh thay i hoc c phn nhnh. Loi ng n gin li c phn chia ra ng di v ng ngn. Nguyn nhn phn chia l cn c vo t l gia tn hao cc b v tn hao theo chiu di. Thng thng khi tn hao cc b b hn 10% tn hao dc ng th c xem l ng di v ngc li. Mt tuyn ng phc tp c th c phn ra nhiu on n gin cho nn vic tnh ton cho ng n gin l c bn.

Cn c vo tnh cht cht lu, ngi ta chia ra:

- Cht lng mt pha (Newton, phi Newton)

- Cht kh mt pha

- Hn hp du kh

-Nh tng nc du

Mi mt m hnh s c la chn cho ph hp iu kin c th, c trnh by mc 1.4.

1.3.3. Tnh ton nhit

Khi bm du c un nng qua ng ng, nhit du b gim do trao i nhit vi mi trng xung quanh. Vic gim nhit s lm tng nht v dn n tng lc cn do ma st.

Mc ch ca vic tnh ton nhit ng ng l xc nh nhit dng chy cui ng ng v tn tht do ma st cc gi tr nhit ban u v lu lng ca cht lng bit.

S st gim nhit ca lu cht theo chiu di ng ng c xc nh t phng trnh cn bng nhit i vi on ng dx (hnh 1.5)

G.C.Tf = .K.D.(Tf T0).dx

(1-31)

Trong :G: Lu lng du , m3/s

C: Nhit dung ring ca du

K: H s truyn nhit t du vo mi trng xung quanh

Tf : Nhit bin thin ca du (nhit trung bnh ti mt ct cho)

T0: Nhit mi trng xung quanh.

Chia bin s v ly tch phn theo x trong khong t 0 n L (chiu di ng) v theo T trong khong t nhit du Td ban u nhit Tc cui ng ng chng ta c:

(1-32)

Phng trnh (1-32) c gi l phng tnh Sukhov V.G. Phn bn phi ca phng trnh ny c gi l tiu chun Sukhov.

(1-33)

Hnh 1.5: S st gim nhit ca lu cht theo chiu di ng ng.

i vi ng ng dng vn chuyn du parafin. V.I Chernikin ngh tnh ton nhit n t qu trnh kt tinh parafin. Nu cho rng c quan h ph thuc tuyn tnh gia s lng parafin tch ra v nhit th phn bn phi ca phng trnh (1-32) c dng:

(1-34)

Trong :

: Nhit lng n t s kt tinh ca Parafin

: Lng Parafin tch ra t du khi nhit gim xung 10C

Cng thc (1-34) c ng dng nhit xy ra qu trnh tch.

T biu thc (1-32) chng ta tm c nhit cht lng cui ng ng nh sau:

Tc = T0 + (Td T0).e-Su

(1-35)

T cng thc (1-35) i n kt lun:

Khi Su = 0 ta c ch vn chuyn ng nhit (Tc = Td)

Khi Su nhit lu cht cui ng ng s bng nhit mi trng xung quanh. Ni cch khc, vi cng mt iu kin v lu lng v kch thc ng ng, gi tr ti hn nh Su tng ng vi tn tht nhit nh vo mi trng xung quanh. Trong thc t, gim tn tht nhit lng t c nh vo vic s dng cht cch nhit. Khi cho trc tn hao nhit (Td Tc) vic s dng cht cch nhit cho php tng khong cch vn chuyn m khng cn gia nhit cho du.

Phng trnh Sukhov (1-32) c s dng trong trng hp, khi ti tt c chiu di ca ng ng, h s truyn nhit K t lu cht vo mi trng l khng i. Khi thay i tnh cht l nhit ca nn t dc theo tuyn ng hay ch d dng chy ca lu cht th gi tr K cng b thay i. Do , vic tnh ton nhit ca ng ng s c tin hnh mt cch ring r cho tng on khc bit bi c trng ca nn t v ch dng chy ca cht lng.1.4. Tnh ton thy lc ng ng vn chuyn.

1.4.1. ng dn cht lng Newton

1.4.1.1. Cng thc c bn tnh ton thy lc cht lng mt pha

tnh ton thy lc ng ng, cn s dng phng trnh Bernouli:

(1-36)

Phng trnh nu tng quan nng lng tng ng vi im u v im cui ca tuyn ng n gin hoc gia hai tit din no trn tuyn.

Z: Th nng v tr ca cht lng, cn gi l ct p hnh hc;

: Th nng p sut, gi l ct p tnh;

: T ng nng ca cht lng, ct p ng hc hoc ct p tc ;

: H s coriolit, k n s phn b vn tc; khi chy ri chp nhn 1, khi chy tng 2.

i vi cht lng thc, c tnh cht nht th tn hao dc ng hms bao gi cng tn ti v c gi l ct p ma st tnh theo cng thc Dacry - Weisback

(1-37)

Hms: Ct p ma st, m H2O;

: Tn hao p sut do ma st, Pa

l : Chiu di tuyn ng, m;

D : ng knh ng, m;

V : Vn tc cht lng, m/s;

g : Gia tc ri t do, m/s2;

: Mt cht lng, Kg/m3

: H s sc khng thy lc ph thuc ch chuyn ng (s Raynold Re) v nhm tng i ca vch ng.

(1-38)

e: nhm tuyt i , cm;

Di: ng knh trong ca ng, cm;

Ch chuyn ng ca cht lng ph thuc theo s Reynold, xc nh theo cng thc:

(1-39)

Q: Tc th tch, m3/s

v: Tc di, m/s

: nht ng hc, m2/s

Di: ng knh trong ca ng, m

: nht ng lc, Pa.s (kg/m.s).

ch chy tng, = f(Re), khi Re 2320, gi tr c tnh ton theo cng thc thc nghim, ty theo ba vng thy lc.

a, Vng thy lc phng: H s khng ph thuc vo nhm, m ch ph thuc vo h s Reynolds, trong khong:

2320 10 th vai tr ca We tr nn rt b v khi Frc >100 th c lp vi We. Cc th nghim cng cho thy khi D >15.10-3m, khng b chi phi bi D. Lc ta c th dng cc cng thc thc nghim t hn hp khng kh nc.

Vi ng ngang, chy nt, Frc >4

=0,18

(2-98)

Vi ng ng, hoc dc ngc, chy nt

(1-98b)

Nga, xc nh hm lng kh thc khi chy nt ngi ta ngh dng cc cng thc ca Gurov.

Vi ng dc ngc:

(1-99)

Vi ng dc xui chy nt:

(1-99a)

: Mt ca du.

CHNG 2NHP KHAI THC V TNH CHT DU M RNG

2.1.Nhp khai thc

M Rng c a vo khai thc t nm 1994 trn vng trin vng u tin ca n (vng RP 1 quanh ging R9). Vi nhng ti liu hn ch ban u th tng 21,22 Mioxen h c coi l i tng khai thc tng i n gin, thn du dng khi vi mt ranh gii duy nht su 2059m. n qu I nm 1996, sn lng du khai thc cng dn trong 17 thng l 155 ngn tn. Trong 12 ging khoan thc t ch c 06 ging hot ng, lu lng trung bnh mt ging dao ng trong khong 5060 T/ng., p sut va trong vng ly du gim 2550% so vi ban u, ch s du kh rt khc nhau (mt s ging ch s ny rt nh 1020% m3/T, mt s ging khc t 100200% m3/T), nhiu ging ngp nc vi t l cao, hu ht cc ging hin nay khai thc bng phng php c hc (my bm ly tm ngm).

M Rng c chia lm nm khu vc gm:

- Khu vc Trung tm Rng s bt u khai thc vo nm 1994 v sn lng du s t ln nht vo nm 1995 v s gim dn v cc nm tip theo. n nm 2010 sn lng du ch cn 11,2 nghn tn /nm.

- Khu vc ng Nam Rng l khu vc ng gp sn lng du chnh cho m Rng vo cc nm 1996 n nm 2005 v nm 2005 cng l nm m sn lng du khai thc ca khu vc ny l ln nht. T nm 2006 sn lng s gim dn v n nm 2020 sn lng du ch cn 105 nghn tn/nm.

- Khu vc ng Rng, ng Bc Rng bt u a vo khai thc t nm 2008. Sn lng du ca hai khu vc ny s t ln nht vo nm 2011.

- Khu vc Nam Rng c a vo khai thc nm 2010 v l khu vc a vo khai thc mun nht. Sn lng du ln nht t c vo nm 2013 v n nm 2020 sn lng du cn 36,8 nghn tn/nm.

Qua sn lng du khai thc ca khu vc thuc m Rng th sn lng du ca m Rng s t ln nht vo nm 2011. Lc sn lng du s l 2740 tn/ng. v tng ng vi 914 nghn tn/nm. Cc nm tip theo, sn lng du s suy gim rt nhanh c th l vo nm 2015 sn lng du l 372 nghn tn/nm, nm 2020 sn lng du ch cn 113 nghn tn/nm.

Nhp khai thc ca m Rng c th hin qua hnh 2.1, cc bng 2-1 v 2-2

Hnh 2.1: Sn lng khai thc hng nm cc khu vc m Rng

Cc ch s cng ngh khai thc du bng phng php t phun v c hc Tng m Rng

Bng 2-1: Cc ch s cng ngh khai thc du tng m Rng t nm 2005 n 2013

TTCc tham sn v tnhNm khai thc

200520062007200820092010201120122013

1Tng lng du khai thcNghn tn780708595589821957914677481

2Sn lng duTn/ng244625541753210521602670274019831302

3Sn lng cht lngTn/ng322743884786581159816483626152643772

4 ngm nc trung bnh%24,244,163,763,863,958,856,262,365,5

5Yu t khm3/tn595959279200185219260300

6Lng kh ng hnhNghn m3/ng143,1143,8101,6587,5432,5494,5600,3515,5390,0

7Sn lng du khai thc t phunTn/ng232020161110155616432198232216321028

8Sn lng cht lng khai thc t phunTn/ng302936063101351630123119297024781931

9Sn lng du khai thc bng my bmTn/ng438625549517472418351274

10Sn lng cht lng khai thc bng my bmTn/ng7811685229529693364329127861841

11S lng my bm DN450 hoc TD610Chic68101113141196

12Tng cng sutKw18048090011701470162016501350790

Cc ch s cng ngh khai thc du bng phng php t phun v c hc Tng m Rng

Bng 2-2: Cc ch s cng ngh khai thc du tng m Rng t nm 2014 n 2022

TTCc tham sn v tnhNm khai thc

201420152016201720182019202020212022

1Tng lng du khai thcNghn tn4023722532111851651338785

2Sn lng duTn/ng10471022648550483433347220209

3Sn lng cht lngTn/ng334332743685365926602655249514851485

4 ngm nc trung bnh%68,768,875,979,381,883,786,185,285,9

5Yu t khm3/tn311117125127126123112135135

6Lng kh ng hnhNghn m3/ng326,0119,581,170,161,053,438,929,728,2

7Sn lng du khai thc t phunTn/ng54723011432

8Sn lng cht lng khai thc t phunTn/ng1240680405135

9Sn lng du khai thc bng my bmTn/ng500792534518483443347220209

10Sn lng cht lng khai thc bng my bmTn/ng210325942280252426602655249514851485

11S lng my bm DN450 hoc TD610Chic91313151616141111

12Tng cng sutKw853124510801211126913141245674715

2.2. Thnh phn v tnh cht ca du m Rng

2.2.1. Thnh phn

Bng 2-3: Tnh cht c trng ca du th m Rng

Thng sGi tr trung bnh

Mt du, gr/cc0,835

T trng 0API38

Nhit ng c 0C34

nht @ 500C, cSt5,3

Hm lng p sut %22,9

Hm lng nha, %1,97

Hm lng asphanlten, %0,77

Hm lng parafin,%1020,3

Lu hunh,%0,082

Qua bng 2-3 ta thy, du th m Rng thuc loi nh, t trng thay i t 0,38 0,87. Ni chung, du m Rng l loi du th sch cha rt t cc c t, lu hunh, kim loi nng v cc hp cht ca Nit. C th l lng lu hunh trung bnh ch chim 0,082 0,083 khi lng.

Tng hm lng cc kim loi c nh: Niken, vanadi trong du th m Rng l nh nht th gii, nh hn rt nhiu so vi cc loi du th khc trn th gii (ch bng 8% so vi du Algiri v 0,1% so vi du th Venezuela).

Du th m Rng c hm lng nha Asphalten rt ln. Do vy,n nh hng rt ln n tnh bm dnh, v kh nng lm bn vng nh tng trong du, nht.

Lng Parafin trong du m Rng l kh ln, do vy, du th m Rng l loi du nhiu Parafin. S c mt ca Parafin vi hm lng cao lm cho du th mt tnh linh ng nhit thp, ngay c khi nhit bnh thng (nhit ng c ca du th m Rng l 28,532,50C), do vy xut hin nhiu kh khn trong qu trnh vn chuyn, tng tr, bc rt gy lng ng trong cc thit b thu gom, khai thc.

2.2.2. Tnh cht lu bin

Hin nay, ci thin tnh lu bin ca du th m Rng v c ch lng ng parafin nhm mc ch m bo an ton vn chuyn du theo ng ng, XNLD Vietsovpetro phi s dng cc ha cht gim nhit ng c. Ngoi tc dng lm gim nhit ng c ca du, ph gia cn c kh nng c ch lng ng parafin trn thnh ng. Cc tnh cht lu bin ca du m Rng x l c trnh by trong bng 2-4.

Trn c s nghin cu tnh cht lu bin ca du, tc ng ca hiu ng trt v nguy c lng ng parafin trong thc t khai thc vn chuyn theo cc ng ng c chiu di ln nht ca XNLD Vietsovpetro (bng 2-5) cho thy khng th bm du cha x l theo cc ng ng RP-1( CTP-2(RP-1. V cng sut my bm hin c trn cc cng trnh khai thc khng th chuyn dch ni cc lp lng ng mi to thnh trn ng.

Bng 2-4: Tnh cht lu bin ca du RC 2 m Rng

Nhit du. 0CDu cha x l ha phmDu x l ha phm trong iu kin phng th nghim

ng sut trt ng,Pa nht Pa.sng sut trt ng,Pa nht Pa.s

2227,004,3000,800,343

245,302,4700,300,164

262,101,4200,150,029

281,530,86000,060

300,560,20000,050

Nhit du. 0CMu du RC-2 ly ti RP-1 (1)Mu du RC-2 ly ti RP-1 (2)

ng sut trt ng,Pa nht Pa.sng sut trt ng,Pa nht Pa.s

221,140,267--

240,310,1312,540,370

260,020,0680,420,090

2800,0250,310,090

3000,0180,180,060

Bng 2-5 :Kt qu nh gi hiu ng trt i vi cc ng ng.

ng ngChiu di, kmng knh trong, mmp sut cn thit dch chuyn lng ng, atmLng ng parafin t/ng

Du thDu x l

RC-2 (RP-11939452,12,248

RP-1( CTP-2

- on 11229344,21,978

- on 22239460,32,5

- Tng34-104,54,4

CTP-2(KNCXD

- on 12239418,57,490,3

- on 262936,82,7

- Tng28-25,310,1

2.2.3. Lng ng parafin.

i vi du m Bch H v m Rng vn tc lng ng parafin ca du th m Bch H cao hn m Rng (bng 2-6, 2-7).

Du ca XNLD Vietsovpetro khi cha x l ha phm c vn tc lng ng parafin cao hn rt nhiu so vi khi x l v khi tng nhit ca du th ln th vn tc lng ng parafin cng gim i rt nhanh (hnh 2.2).

Bng 2-6: Lng ng parafin t du m ca XNLD Vietsovpetro.

Nhit ngn tay lnh,0CNhit du, 0CThi gian th nghim, hVn tc lng ng parafin, g/m3/ng

Du Bch H

24367,06840

24388,05408

24477,05250

24508,03203

24618,02750

Du RC-2 m Rng

23,5366,85912

23,5396,04839

23,5436,54771

23,5488,53697

23,5538,52040

Bng 2-7 :Lng ng parafin t du m ca XNLD Vietsovpetro ( x l ha phm nhit 800C, nh lng 1000ppm, thi gian th nghim 7h-8h).

Nhit ngn tay lnh,0CNhit du, 0CTn ha phm c ch lng ng parafinVn tc lng ng parafin, g/m3/ng

Du Bch H

2247SPF3009

2247SRV2780

2247-48WPI3204

Du RC-2 m Rng

2246CPR2577

2246SPF2225

2247500 ppm SPF + 500 ppm CPR2299

Hnh 2.2. Lng ng parafin t du m Rng

CHNG 3N NH NHIT TRONG NG NG DN DU KH

3.1. C ch truyn nhit v cc yu t lm thay i nhit trong h thng ng ng ngm v b mt.

D on s phn b nhit trong h thng ng ng vn chuyn du kh cng quan trng nh p sut. Nhit hidrat ha kh, c tnh ca pha hi lng v hm lng nc ca kh l cc i lng nhy cm vi nhit . D on nhit l giai on u tin ca qu trnh tnh ton.

Nhit c truyn theo ba c ch: S dn nhit, trao i nhit i lu v trao i nhit bc x c th hin trn cc tuyn ng dn du kh c lp t ngm v trn mt t.

3.1.1 S dn nhitXut hin khi c s tip xc vt l. Nhit c truyn rt tt qua hu ht cc kim loi v kim loi l cht dn nhit tt. Mt vt liu cch nhit tt l mt vt liu dn nhit km v ngc li. Nhit cc im khc nhau c th d on c l nh ng dng cn bng nhit nng. Theo nh lut cn bng th nht: Gia nhit nng v cc dng nng lng khc nh c nng, in nng c th chuyn ha ln nhau v khi mt lng nhit nng b tiu hao th s nhn c mt lng nng lng khc tng ng, cn tng nng lng ca mi cht th khng thay i:

Entanpi: H = u + pv

+ u : ni nng

+ p, v: p sut v th tch.

Xt 1 im trn on ng c chiu di L

Tg: Nhit ca t hay nc ti im .

Ti, Ts: Nhit u v cui ca tuyn ng cn xt- Chiu di on ng L = Ls Li

+ Ls , Li : im cui v im u on ng cn xt.

+ : Gi tr trung bnh ca nhit trn on ng ang xt

+ = (-) / ln (/)

+ = Ti - Tg

+= Ts - Tg - U: H s truyn nhit tng.

Hnh 3.1: S ph thuc gia chiu di ca on ng v nhit gia cc imNu nhit ca dng cao hn Tg th lng nhit truyn i s m, cn nu thp hn Tg th lu lng s dng v ng cong s gn vi Tg t di. ng A p dng khi nh hng ca p sut ln entanpi c b qua. y l qu trnh truyn nhit n gin v nhit dng du khng h xung thp hn Tg. ng B phn nh s thay i ph thuc thm ca nhit do nh hng ca p sut ln entanpi. Trong thc t, trong cc h thng ng ng vn chuyn kh, ng ny h thp hn Tg khong 2-30C i vi trng hp gim p sut thun ty. Nu tuyn ng khng gi c nhit ca dng sn phm c th to st p dng ln gy tc ng, bp ng dn n n thit hi s rt ln.

3.1.2 Trao i nhit i lu.

Xy ra khi c s chuyn ng ca khng kh bn trn hoc xung quanh b mt ca ng vn chuyn du kh. H s truyn nhit tng (U) din t tt c cc yu t lm thay i nhit ca dng sn phm, c ch truyn nhit ny th hin r qua h thng ng dn ngm:

1. H s mng gia dng v thnh ng.

2. Thnh ngoi ng.

3. Lp ph ng (n nh nhit)

4. Lp b tng hoc mc ni.

5. Ct p.

6. t t nhin gn ng dn c nhit cao hn nhit thng.

i vi cc ng ng dn ngm chn di t, cc yu t 1,2,3,5 v 6 v cc ng ngm chn di y bin c tr lc 1,2,3,6, lm thay i nhit dng sn phm trong ng. Tr lc 6 cn c chnh sao cho vic tng nhit xung quanh ng dn cao hn Tg. Theo cc nghin cu, nhit t trong khong cch 5m t thnh ng dn ra cao hn nhit t. y l yu t ln lm gim nhit dng.

H s (U) c tm thy qua thc nghim, cc ng thu gom v ng dn khng c lp n nh nhit cho thy U = 520% ( kJ/gi.m3.K). Phn ln cc gi tr xc nh c thng thp hn gi tr ny 1/3. Nhit Tg khng phi l gi tr c nh m mc no ph thuc vo nhit ca khng kh, 1 hoc 2 thng. ng ng chn trong nc su ln hn 30m c nhit gn nh nhau. Mt s y h c nhit thay i khng qu 30C trong 1 nm. V Tg thay i nn gi tr (U) cng thay i. Trong mua h (U) c th cao hn ma ng 50 60%.

3.1.3 Trao i nhit bc xTrao i nhit bc x trn tuyn ng c m t vi hin tng: ta cm thy m ln khi ng di mt tri hoc bn cnh mt l si. C ch truyn nhit ny th hin r ng dn trn mt t.Phng trnh (1) v (2) khng p dng cho tuyn ng dn trn mt t do khng c gi tr Tg. D on nhit cc i ca dng chy trong ng dn (T) l kt qu ca vic nhn nhit ban ngy t mt tri do bc x v mt nhit do i lu vi khng kh. Nhit ph thuc vo cc yu t nh:

- Thi gian ban ngy.

- iu kin kh quyn.

- Nhit khng kh (Ta).

- Tc gi.

- Mu v tnh cht ca b mt ng.

- Vn tc chy v tnh cht ca dng trong ng dn.

T =

+ T: Nhit cc i ca dng, 0F.

+ Ta: Nhit khng kh mi trng. 0F

+ R: Lng bc x mt tri, Btu.gi/ft2.

+ ha: H s mng ca khng kh cho qu trnh i lu, Btu/ft2.gi. 0F.

Gi tr T thng khng vt qu gi tr trung bnh t 10160F. Nhit thc thng thp hn nhit trung bnh tr phi xt trn on ng trn rt di. c tnh ca dng chy, vn tc, chiu di ng, ma trong nm, iu kin a l u nh hng n gi tr T. Gi tr T lun thay i theo thi gian.

3.2 Cu to h thng n nh nhit

S thay i nhit trong ng dn du kh cho ta thy cn phi c mt cht g (ha hc) lm gim s trao i ca dng sn phm ra bn ngoi. Tuy nhin iu s lm gim tnh cht dng v sn phm cui phi mt thm mt khu tinh ch li. n gin, chng ta lm cho ng dy ln. Vn n nh nhit tuyn ng thc cht c t lu trn th gii, chng c quan tm t khu thit k n khu vn hnh. Mt vt liu hoc t hp cc vt liu c dng cn tr dng nhit c gi l h thng n nh nhit. Mc ch l lm gim vn tc trao i nng lng quan ng dn. Hin nay c hai dng n nh nhit l: Mt lp v nhiu lp. Mi dng ph thuc vo gii hn c hc vt liu v tnh kinh t.

Hnh3.2: Mt ct ngang ca h thng n nh nhit mt lp v nhiu lp- C ch truyn nhit qua lp n nh nhit c nh gi bng mi quan h hm s gia nhit ta ca lp n nh nhit theo dy, nhit lm vic ca b mt, cc c tnh b mt ca lp mng bao bn ngoi v cc iu kin mi trng xung quanh.

3.2.1 Dng nhit truyn qua ng c mt lp vt liu n nh nhit.

Gi s lp n nh nhit mt lp lm bng vt liu ng cht c h s dn nhit khng thay i v chiu dy , chiu di l, bn knh b mt trong v b mt lp n nh nhit l r1 v r2, t1 v t2 l nhit bn trong v bn ngoi ng (0F).

Mt trong v mt ngoi ca ng l mt ng nhit. V vy, cc mt ng nhit l cc mt tr ng tm v nhit thay i theo phng bn knh. Qu trnh dn nhit l qu trnh dn nhit n nh mt chiu:

t = f(r)

mt im bt k trong vch tr, tng ng vi bn knh r ta tch hai mt ng nhit cch nhau on dr, c chnh lch nhit dt.

Mt nhit qua vch c bn knh r:

q=

Dng nhit qua vch :

Q = q.F =

Trong :

F: Din tch ca mt vch F=2.r.l

T :

Q = -2 .r.l .

Hay:

dt =

Tch phn c 2 v ta c:

Nh vy hiu s nhit ca vch tr

Dng nhit qua vch tr:

Trong :

+ : L h s dn nhit (Btu.in/h.f..t2.0F)

+ l : L chiu di ng (ft)

+ t1, t2: Nhit trong v bn ngoi ng (0F)

+ r1, r2: Bn knh b mt trong ng v b mt ngoi lp n nh nhit (in).3.2.2 Dng nhit truyn qua ng c nhiu lp vt liu n nh nhit.

Gi s lp n nh nhit gm nhiu lp, cc lp lm bng vt liu ng cht, c h s dn nhit l bn knh ca cc lp tng ng r1, r2, r3 rn. Mt trong v mt ngoi ca vch tr l cc mt ng nhit c nhit t1 ; tn+1.

Cc lp ghp rt st nhau v nhit mt tip xc gia cc lp l t2, t3 cha bit (hnh 3.3b).Hinh 3.3 n inh nhit mt lp va nhiu lp

+ Dng nhit qua lp 1:

Ql =

+ Hiu s nhit qua lp 1:

t1 t2 =

+ Dng nhit qua lp 2:

Ql =

+ Hiu s nhit qua lp 2:

T2 t3 =

+ Dng nhit qua lp n:

Ql =

+ Hiu s nhit qua lp n:

Tn tn+1 =

T ta c th xc nh c hiu s nhit ca vch tr nhiu lp.

T1 tn+1 =

Dng nhit qua vch tr nhiu lp.

3.3 Cc dng h thng n nh nhit p dng Vit Nam

3.3.1 ng mt lp

Thng p dng trn cc ng n gin nh chn gin khoan, cc ng ng dn kh nh phc v trn cc gin khoan hay trong ni b nh my. n nh nhit mt lp p dng nhiu trong cng tc bo dng ng ng nh k. Vi nhng loi ng ny ch yu s dng cc lp sn ph. Do cc lp sn ph rt mng (micron) nn thc t vn coi y l ng n nh nhit mt lp. Trc khi tin hnh sn ph cn lu :

nh sch ng sau qut mt lp nh trng (Spirit) ln b mt ng.

Tin hnh sn lt, lp sn lt phi mng

Cc lp sn tip theo phi tun th cc yu cu t ra

Bng 3.1: Cc bc tin hnh sn phLoi sn dy lp sn(micron)S lpThi gian sn lp sau (gi)

Sn Dzim 1500 (nguyn cht)65124

Eromarine EX5002528

Eromarine EX5007538

Retan 600010048

Retan 60004056

Tng cng350554

3.3.2 ng nhiu lp vt liu n nh nhit.

Sn phm vn chuyn trong cc tuyn ng du kh c coi l cc cht lng truyn nhit c gia nhit hay lm mt ti gi tr nhit thit k v c duy tr n nh trong sut qu trnh vn chuyn. iu ny ph thuc vo thit b vn chuyn. Vi ng n nh nhit nhiu lp, s truyn nhit ra bn ngoi ng s gim theo s gia c cc lp n nh nhit to mi trng n nh cho dng sn phm. Cc vt liu dng trong ng n nh nhit du kh thng l bng khong silicat hoc thy tinh th. Trong hu ht cc trng hp do dao ng nhit lp mi lp i hi h thng n nh nhit tng hp. Vi ng c 2 lp vt liu n nh nhit, khi kt hp cc vt liu bng khong v thy tinh th cn c th phc v cho yu cu bo v, vt liu bng khong s to ra mt vng m gia lp kim loi v lp thy tinh th, v lp thy tinh th s chng c qu trnh bc hi khi nhit trong h thng xung thp hn mi trng bn ngoi ng trnh hin tng st p ln. Vi ng c trn hai lp n nh nhit cng tng t nhu vy nhng cn phi xem xt mi trng t ng trnh mi nguy him v chy nu chng hp th vo vt liu n nh nhit c kh nng thm thu.

Ngoi ra, ty thuc vo cc iu kin a cht, mi trng bn ngoi ng, sn phm vn chuyn m tng lp vt liu n nh nhit cho tuyn ng. ng vn chuyn kh hai pha Nam Cn Sn c 3 lp n nh nhit (khng k lp sn) cn ng vn chuyn kh Rng ng Bch H ch c 2 lp ng nh nhit (khng k lp sn).

Bng 3.2: Nhit ca mt s vt liu cch nhit ang p dng

Vt liu cch nhitNhit chu ng cc i 0FNhit chu ng cc tiu 0F thm thu

Silicat Canxi1000250NA

Thy tinh th900-4500,005

Bt elastom200-400,3

Bng thy tinh8504275

Bng khong120042150

Perlite ( trn chu)100025018

Bt Phend300756-7

CHNG 4TNH TON TN HAO P SUT TRN NG NG VN CHUYN DU T RP-2 M RNG V GIN CNTT-2 M BCH H

4.1.S tuyn ng

Hnh 4.1 S vn chuyn du t RP-2 m Rng v gin CNTT-2 m Bch H4.2. Nhim v tnh ton.

Nh trnh by chng 2, cn c vo nhp khai thc v tnh cht du ca m Rng th nhim v tnh ton i vi ng ng l phi m bo kh nng vn chuyn sn lng du khai thc vo nm 2011, khi tng sn lng du khai thc ca m Rng l 2740 tn/ng.. Theo nh nhp khai thc, tnh n nm 2011 m Rng ngng khai thc gin RP-1.

Cn c vo s tuyn ng RP-2 v gin CNTT s 2 (CTP-2) ca m Bch H ta s tnh ton vn chuyn du t RP-2 v CTP-2 theo s tnh ton sau:

Hnh 4.2. S tnh tonDu khai thc ln t cc gin BK8 v BK4 ca m Bch H l hn hp. Do vy, nu bm du vo ng ng t RP-2 v CTP-2 s gy ra rt nhiu kh khn trong qu trnh vn chuyn v khi tnh cht dng chy ca du s rt phc tp. V th nn ta ch tnh cho q2 ca gin MSP-12.

4.3. p dng tnh ton tn hao p sut trn ng ng vn chuyn du t RP-2 m Rng v gin CNTT CTP-2 m Bch H.

minh ha cho phn ny s chn ba ch chy ca cht lng c th gp m Rng.

1. Vi ch chy tng

2. Vi ch chy ri

3. Vi ch chy ma st bnh phng (vng thy lc nhm)4.3.1.Tnh ton cho tuyn ng t RP-2 v n RP-1

Lu lng vn chuyn:Q = 2740 T/ng.

= 0,0832 (m3/s)

Chiu di tuyn ng:l1 = 9500 (m)

ng knh ng v b dy:(D x ) = 325 x 16 (mm)

( ng knh trong ng: D = 325 - 2 x 16 = 293 (mm)

Nhit tnh ton: T = 260C

nhm tuyt i thnh ng: = 0,2 (mm)

nhm tng i:

(mm)

Khi lng ring ca du 200C: (kg/m3).

=> Khi lng ring ca du T = 260C c trnh by theo cng thc :

Vi = 0,01828 0,001320

=>

kg/m3

p dng cng thc (2-58) ta c:

Khi trn tuyn ng RP-2 n RP-1 c tn hao p sut l:

- Vi ch chy tng: A = 64, m = 1 ta c:

= 40,67

Tn hao p sut vi ch chy tng l:

Pa

- Vi ch chy ri: A = 0,3164, m = 0,25

= 0,242

Tn hao p sut vi ch chy ri l :

Pa

- Vi ch chy ma st bnh phng : A =

m = 0 .

= 0,230

Tn hao p sut vi ch chy ri l:

Pa

4.3.2. Tnh ton cho tuyn ng t RP-1 n MSP-12

tuyn ng ny c q1 = 0 nn tng t nh phn trn ta cng tnh c tn hao p sut trn on ng ny nh sau:

Chiu di tuyn ng : l2 = 12000 (m)

Tn hao p sut ca tuyn ng tnh theo cng thc:

- Vi ch chy tng : A = 64, m = 1 ta c tn hao p sut l:

Pa

- Vi ch chy ri: A = 0,3164, m = 0,25 ta c tn hao p sut l:

Pa

- Vi ch chy ma st bnh phng: A = , m = 0, ta c tn hao p sut l:

Pa

4.3.3. Tnh ton cho tuyn ng t MSP-12 v CTP -2

Trn tuyn ng ny lu lng s c tng ln q2 = 5000 tn/ng. = 0,069 m3/s.

Chiu di tuyn ng l3 = 10710 (m)

Tn hao p sut ca tuyn ng ng tnh theo cng thc:

- Vi ch chy tng : A = 64, m = 1 ta c tn hao p sut l:

Pa

- Vi ch chy ri: A = 0,3164, m = 0,25 ta c tn hao p sut l:

Pa

- Vi ch chy ma st bnh phng; A = , m = 0, ta c tn hao p sut l:

Pa

Tng tn hao p sut trn ton tuyn ng l :

- i vi ch chy tng:

Pa

- i vi ch chy ri:

Pa

-i vi ch chy ma st bnh phng:

Pa

Qua vic tnh ton tn hao p sut khi vn chuyn du t RP-2 v CTP-2 ta thy rng:

- Cn phi lp thm cc my bm trn cc gin RP-1 v MSP-12 vn chuyn c du v n CTP-2.

- Vi ch chy tng th tn hao p sut ln hn rt nhiu so vi chy ma st bnh phng.

4.4. p dng tnh ton tn hao p sut trn ng ng vn chuyn du t RP-2 m Rng v gin CNTT CTP-2 m Bch H theo hai m hnh Bingham v Newton.

minh ha cho phn ny ta s chn hai m hnh vn chuyn cht lng c th gp m Rng.

1. Theo m hnh Newton vi gi thit du c x l t yu cu: nhit ng c thp hn nhit mi trng 30 - 50C.

2. Theo m hnh Bingham vi gi thit du cha c x l hoc x l khng t yu cu c kh nng xy ra s lng ng (kt tinh) parafin,

C hai m hnh trn u gi nh cho tuyn ng t gin RP-2 m Rng v RP-1 thuc trong khu vc m Rng.

4.4.1. Cc thng s ca tuyn ng t RP-2 v n RP-1

Lu lng vn chuyn: Q = 10003000 T/ng.

Chiu di tuyn ng: L = 9500 (m)

ng knh ng v b dy:(D x ) = 325 x 16 (mm)

=> ng knh trong ng: D = 325 - 2 x 16 = 293 (mm)

Nhit tnh ton: T = 260C

nhm tuyt i thnh ng: = 0,2 (mm)

nhm tng i:

(mm)

Khi lng ring ca du 200C: (kg/m3).

=> Khi lng ring ca du T = 260C c trnh by theo cng thc :

Vi = 0,01828 0,001320

=>

kg/m3

4.4.2. Vn chuyn du theo quy lut Newton.

Vi gi thit du c x l ha phm v l cht lng Newton, nht ca du iu kin nhit T = 260C theo bng 1.3.

Pa.s

Tnh vi lu lng : Q = 4000 T/ng = > Q = 0,0558 m3/s

Vn tc trung bnh ca dng chy:

(m/s)

H s Reynol (Re) c tnh theo cng thc:

Re = 5298,982

Ta thy Re = 5298,982 > 2320 do dng chy ch chy ri. Mt khc 2320 < Re < 105. Trng thi dng chy i vi ng nhn (ri thnh trn) t cng thc (1-42) ta c:

Vy tn hao p sut c xc nh theo cng thc (1-37)

Kt qu tnh ton lu lng khc nhau c trnh by trong bng 4.14.4.3. Vn chuyn du theo quy lut phi Newton (m hnh bingham) vi cc thng s trn v s liu ring.

nht, ng sut trt ly theo cng thc (1-6c)

=>

(Pa.s)

ng sut trt ng tnh theo cng thc (1-6e)

,

(Pa.s)

ng sut trt tnh tnh theo cng thc (1-6g)

(Pa.s)

Tnh lu lng Q = 4000 T/ng. => Q = 0,0558 m3/s

Vn tc chy: (m/s)

H s Reynol c tnh theo cng thc sau:

Ta thy Re* = 274,70 < 2320 vy dng chy ch chy tng. H s sc cn thy lc: .

Vy tn tht do ma st l:

(Pa).

Cc kt qu tnh ton vi lu lng khc nhau c ghi trong bng 4-2.

T cc kt qu c trnh by trong bng 4-1 v bng 4-2 v hnh v 4-2 v mi quan h gia lu lng v tn hao p sut, ta rt ra mt s nhn xt:

- Tn tht p sut ca du phi Newton ln hn du Newton on chuyn tip gia hai ch chy tng v chy ri, cc bc nhy do s thay i ch chy. Trong on chy tng th quan h gia hai i lng (vn tc) vn chuyn v tn hao p lc l quan h tuyn tnh, cn on chy ri l quan h ng cong i vi c hai loi du trn.

- Trc khi vn chuyn cn x l du gim tn hao p sut khi ng v cc phc tp khc.Bng 4-1: Quan h gia lu lng Q v tn hao p sut trn tuyn ng t RP-2 v n RP-1 theo m hnh Newton.

Q(*.103 T/ng.)v(m/s)Re(*10-2)(*105 Pa)

10.20713255.2440.030

20.41426494.4100.102

30.62139743.9850.207

40.82852993.7080.342

51.03566243.5070.505

61.24279483.3510.695

71.44992733.2240.910

81.656105983.1181.150

91.863119233.0281.413

102.070132472.9491.699

112.277145722.8802.008

124.484158972.8182.338

132.691172222.7622.689

142.898185462.7113.062

153.105198712.6653.455

163.312211962.6223.868

173.519225212.5834.3041

183.726238452.5464.753

193.33251702.5125.225

204.140264952.4805.716

214.347278202.4506.225

224.554297442.4226.753

234.761304692.3957.299

244.968317942.3697.864

255.175221192.3458.446

265.382344432.3239.046

275.589357682.3019.664

285.796370932.28010.299

296.003384182.26010.951

306.210397422.24111.620

Bng 4-1: Quan h gia lu lng Q v tn hao p sut trn tuyn ng t RP-2 v n RP-1 theo m hnh Bingham

Q(*.103 T/ng.)v(m/s)Re(*10-2)(*105 Pa)

10.207183.5782.06

20.414710.9062.09

30.6211570.4082.12

40.8282750.2332.14

51.0354240.1512.17

61.2426030.1062.2

71.4488110.0792.23

81.65510460.0612.26

91.86213080.0492.28

102.06915950.0402.31

112.27619070.0342.34

122.48322430.0292.37

132.69026020.0252.4

142.89729830.0212.42

153.10433850.0192.45

163.31138080.0172.48

173.51842510.0152.51

183.72547140.0142.53

193.93151950.0122.56

204.13856940.0112.59

214.34562110.0102.62

224.55267450.0092.65

234.75972950.0092.67

244.96678620.0082.7

255.17384430.0082.73

265.38090400.0072.76

275.58796510.0072.79

285.794102770.0062.81

296.001109160.0062.84

306.208115680.0062.87

Hnh 4.3: Lu lng khai thc (Q) v tn hao p sut( Du l cht lng Newton.

( Du l cht lng Bingham.

KT LUN

Qua qu trnh lm n tt nghip v ti Tnh ton thy lc tuyn ng t gin RP 2 m Rng v gin CNTT s 2 m Bch H em rt ra mt s kt lun sau:

Nh cp chng 1, vn xung ng p sut trong vn chuyn hn hp du kh l khng th trnh khi khi vn chuyn ng thi trong ng ng hn hp du kh. Do , ta cn phi la chn bin php gim xung cng nh la chn cc thit b kh xung cho ph hp nhm m bo s vn hnh v t kt qu cao cho ng ng.

H thng ng ng vn chuyn du c t ngm di bin v khng c bo n nhit , trong iu kin rt d xy ra hin tng kt tinh v lng ng parafin trn thnh ng, gy hn ch tc dng chy, dn n nguy c tc ng ng v tn hao p sut khi vn chuyn, v vy du cn phi c x l nhit trc khi vn chuyn.

Hin nay vn cha c mt m hnh ton hc hon chnh no cho php d on chnh xc lng ng parafin trong ng ng vn chuyn du giu parafin

Lng ng parafin to thnh t du c x l ha phm trong cc ng ng RP 2 ( RP 1, RP 1 ( CTP 2 ca XNLD Vietsovpetro l nhng lng ng mm nn c th ty ra bng condensate thu gom t gin CTP 2, bm du vi vn tc ti a c th hoc bm thm nc bin.

nh k no vt lng ng mi hnh thnh bng cc bin php c hc hay ha hc (dng dung mi ph hp hay condensate ngng t).

Cc h thng n nh nhit s dng nhiu lp hin ang c s dng nhiu Vit Nam trong cc ng vn chuyn du kh cng nh cc sn phm lnh, nng khc c yu cu cao v an ton. Cn cc vt liu n nh nhit mt lp thng c dng trong cng tc bo dng tuyn ng du kh nh k hay lm lp n nh cho cc sn phm trong cc ngnh dn dng, dn sinh.TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. PGS TS V Xun Minh Gio trnh c s k thut nhit, H M a Cht (2003).[2]. PGS TS L Xun Ln Gio trnh thu gom x l du - kh - nc. H M a Cht (2005).[3]. TH.S Nguyn Vn Thnh Gio trnh ng ng b cha H M a Cht.[4]. Hi ngh khoa hc v cng ngh ln th 9 H Bch Khoa TP.HCM (2005).

[5]. Nguyn Hu Chi C hc cht lng ng dng tp 1, (1973)[6]. XNLD Vietsovpetro

- Bo co Chnh xc ha s pht trin tng th m Rng

- H Vn Bch, Tng Cnh Sn, L nh He: M hnh lng ng parafin mm trong ng vn chuyn du ti XNLD[7]. Vin du kh: Tuyn tp bo co hi ngh KHCN Vin du kh 25 nm xy dng v trng thnh.[8]. Tuyn tp bo co 35 nm ngnh du kh Vit Nam.MC LC

1LI NI U

2CHNG 1

2DNG CHY CA CHT LU TRONG NG NGANG

2V NHIM V TNH TON CNG NGH

21.1. Dng chy ca cht lu trong ng

21.1.1 Cht lng Newton

31.1.2. Cht lng phi Newton

71.2. Dng chy hn hp du kh trong ng nm ngang.

71.2.1. Cc kiu cu trc dng chy ca hn hp du kh.

121.2.2. Cu trc dng chy dng nt.

141.2.3. Xung t p sut trong ng hn hp du kh v phng php hn ch.

191.3. Nhim v tnh ton cng ngh.

191.3.1. Tnh ton bn cho ng ng

221.3.2. Tnh ton thy lc

231.3.3. Tnh ton nhit

251.4. Tnh ton thy lc ng ng vn chuyn.

251.4.1. ng dn cht lng Newton

341.4.2. ng dn cht lng phi Newton

42CHNG 2

42NHP KHAI THC V TNH CHT DU M RNG

422.1.Nhp khai thc

462.2. Thnh phn v tnh cht ca du m Rng

462.2.1. Thnh phn

462.2.2. Tnh cht lu bin

482.2.3. Lng ng parafin.

51CHNG 3

51N NH NHIT TRONG NG NG DN DU KH

513.1. C ch truyn nhit v cc yu t lm thay i nhit trong h thng ng ng ngm v b mt.

513.1.1 S dn nhit

523.1.2 Trao i nhit i lu.

533.1.3 Trao i nhit bc x

543.2 Cu to h thng n nh nhit

543.2.1 Dng nhit truyn qua ng c mt lp vt liu n nh nhit.

573.3 Cc dng h thng n nh nhit p dng Vit Nam

573.3.1 ng mt lp

583.3.2 ng nhiu lp vt liu n nh nhit.

59CHNG 4

59TNH TON TN HAO P SUT TRN NG NG VN CHUYN DU T RP-2 M RNG V GIN CNTT-2- M BCH H

594.1.S tuyn ng

604.2. Nhim v tnh ton.

604.3. p dng tnh ton tn hao p sut trn ng ng vn chuyn du t RP-2 m Rng v gin CNTT CTP-2 m Bch H.

604.3.1.Tnh ton cho tuyn ng t RP-2 v n RP-1

624.3.2. Tnh ton cho tuyn ng t RP-1 n MSP-12

624.3.3. Tnh ton cho tuyn ng t MSP-12 v CTP -2

634.4. p dng tnh ton tn hao p sut trn ng ng vn chuyn du t RP-2 m Rng v gin CNTT CTP-2 m Bch H theo hai m hnh Bingham v Newton.

634.4.1. Cc thng s ca tuyn ng t RP-2 v n RP-1

644.4.2. Vn chuyn du theo quy lut Newton.

654.4.3. Vn chuyn du theo quy lut phi Newton (m hnh bingham) vi cc thng s trn v s liu ring.

69KT LUN

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SVTH: Trn Ch Cng 6 Lp TBDK K50

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